.STYLE HEADERS 6
#################
.BLANK 10
.CENTER; EDTEM
.BLANK 2
.CENTER; An Advanced TPU Text Editor
.BLANK 4
.CENTER; User's Manual
.BLANK 10
.CENTER; Pacific Power _& Light Company
.BLANK 2
.CENTER; Mike Latshaw   <>   December 1987

.! -------
.! Preface
.! -------
.CHAPTER About This Manual
EDTEM has evolved over the period of almost two years, and has experienced
major rewrites at least twice (once since the last release). This will help 
to explain some inconsistencies (such as in prompting syntax, available
online help, etc.). And, being an unassigned project on the author's part,
little time has been given to its documentation - this is the first official
user's manual written. This lack of documentation is also reflected in the near
absence of online help - the author just has not had the time to keep a
help facility up-to-date with all of the changes.
.BLANK 1
As the base of EDTEM users has grown, it has become apparent that more
documentation - manuals, online help, etc. - is a requirement.
Without it, the editor will become a frustration to its user community.
.BLANK 1
This submission
is a first hopeful step towards a solution of the above dilema. Also,
online help is being slowly upgraded. Two functions (Find, and Selective
Find and Replace (<gold>R)) now have full online help support. This support
is a prototype, having been
developed only a week before this submission, and is
by no means complete; but it does offer a glimpse as to the author's
desired direction.
.BLANK 1
The intended reader of this manual is, as stated, the user. This person is
assumed to have a working understanding of EDT and its application keypad
mapping.
.BLANK 1
That EDTEM has so many capabilities above EDT is sometimes intimidating,
especially to the newer users of a VAX. "I don't need to know all that" is
a commonly heard statement. However, most of the capabilities of this editor
were incorporated at the request of users - and, thus have legitimate reasons
for existence.
.BLANK 1
In an effort to avoid scaring off the reader by swamping him/her with all
the whistles and bells up front, the
first few chapters will deal only with the basics
of EDTEM.
.BLANK 1
Subsequent chapters deal with various topics, such as window/buffer
operations, language support functions, and so forth.
.BLANK 1
Finally, it will be noted that quite a few of the functions can be invoked
from either the keyboard or the keypad. Initially, when the editor was first
written, only the keyboard version of a keystroke existed. As I settled into
everyday use of EDTEM, it became apparent that a subset of the functions
were used much more often than others, and in addition, a large number of
these oft-used features did not require any additional input
(such as the "go to
previous buffer" function).
.BLANK 1
As these functions were used frequently, it was required to constantly
bounce back and forth from keypad to keyboard, and back, again.
Also, some people tend to move their eyes from keys to screen and back
as they shift from keypad to a keyboard function. In an
effort to reduce this right-hand and eye dance, these often-used features
were also mapped to double-shifted (<gold><gold>) keystrokes on the keypad.
.BLANK 1
Although, it might initially seem less efficient to execute three keystrokes
(as opposed to two), to those at my site and others who have tried it, there
is a definite improvement over the keyboard map method.
.BLANK 1
Thus, I suggest learning the keypad version, if possible (or both). I
believe you'll benefit in the long term.

.! ------------
.! Introduction
.! ------------

.CHAPTER So What Exactly is EDTEM?
EDTEM (EDT EMulator) is a powerful TPU-based 
screen text editor which can be successfully
employed by the novice user, the advanced programmer, and the site
manager.
.BLANK 1
The EDT-style application keypad mapping allows the beginner to use EDTEM
in almost the same manner as screen mode EDT.
.BLANK 1
The many window and buffer manipulation capabilities, as well
as the language and VMS support features, give the programmer
the ability to produce source code more quickly.
.BLANK 1
And, the site manager can use the basic word processing features,
such as auto-wrap and auto-indent modes, to prepare documents more quickly
and easily.
.BLANK 1
EDTEM is a windowing text editor with the ability to interface with the VMS
environment under which it runs. This includes fetching additional files
into the editing session, obtaining output from DCL commands,
and interactive development of modules written in high-level languages,
such as FORTRAN.
.BLANK 1
Some of the ideas for features were borrowed from the EMACS series of editors,
notably directory-driven file fetching. The interactive high-level language
source development concepts were inspired by DEC's LSE.
.BLANK 1
A few functions were adapted from DECUS and PAGESWAPPER submissions, such as the
spelling checker and pattern searching.
.BLANK 1
However, many of the concepts came from the user community, suggesting in
great part
both EDTEM's diversity and growing popularity.
.BLANK 1
And, even the author contributed a few ideas...
.BLANK 1
Here are some of the basic capabilities of EDTEM:
.LIST
.LIST ELEMENT; In its simplest sense, it emulates screen mode EDT
.LIST ELEMENT; It can be used to edit any mixture of RMS files and
library modules (directly from a library) on both the local and any
remote node
.LIST ELEMENT; It can replace edited library modules back into a library
.LIST ELEMENT; Any number of buffers and/or windows
may be created and employed by the user
.LIST ELEMENT; Text can be easily moved between the files (via buffers
and/or windows) of an editing session
.LIST ELEMENT; Extensive
searching and replacing of standard text, control characters,
and patterns is supported
.LIST ELEMENT; Basic word processing functions, such as fill, justify, margins,
auto-wrap, auto-indent, etc., are supported
.LIST ELEMENT; High level language features include
comment framing and re-framing, inline compilation, and
for some languages, interactive diagnostic support is present
.LIST ELEMENT; Subprocesses may be spawned and entered without leaving the
editor
.LIST ELEMENT; DCL commands may be issued and captured for further editing
.LIST ELEMENT; Checking of spelling is available
.END LIST
With all of the above functions come the myriad supporting capabilities,
including extensive buffer/window commands,
the ability to memorize keystrokes, and so on.
.BLANK 1
As can be seen, this is already getting a bit complicated, so let's back
up and start with the real basics.

.! ------------------------------------------
.! Concepts And Other Things You Need To Know
.! ------------------------------------------

.CHAPTER Concepts And Other Things You Need To Know
.HEADER LEVEL  The Application Keypad and Other Special Keys - A Name Glossary
In this
manual, there are some repeatedly referenced keys called out by something other
than what is often stamped on that key. They include:
.LIST
.LIST ELEMENT; <return> is the carriage return key
.LIST ELEMENT; <up arrow> is the cursor up arrow key
.LIST ELEMENT; <down arrow> is the cursor down arrow key
.LIST ELEMENT; <left arrow> is the cursor left arrow key
.LIST ELEMENT; <right arrow> is the cursor right arrow key
.LIST ELEMENT; <tab> is the tab key
.LIST ELEMENT; <line feed> is the line feed key
.LIST ELEMENT; <space> is the space bar key
.LIST ELEMENT; KPn, where n represents a number 0-9; these are
the number keys on the application keypad
.LIST ELEMENT; MINUS is the "-" key on the application keypad
.LIST ELEMENT; COMMA is the "," key on the application keypad
.LIST ELEMENT; PERIOD is the "." key on the application keypad
.LIST ELEMENT; <ctrl> denotes the control key
.LIST ELEMENT; _^ also denotes the control key
.END LIST
.HEADER LEVEL  The <gold> Key and Shift Levels
As in EDT, there exists in EDTEM the idea of a momentary shift key,
affectionately labeled the "gold" key. In this manual, it is specified
as <gold> and is mapped to PF1.
.BLANK 1
Unlike EDT, EDTEM supports multiple maps of both the keyboard
and the application keypad. In other
words, pressing
.BLANK 1
.INDENT +5
<gold>C
.BLANK 1
results in one action, while entering
.BLANK 1
.INDENT +5
<gold><gold>C
.BLANK 1
initiates a totally different function.
.BLANK 1
If a key is mapped to level n (that is, the <gold> key is pressed n times),
but not to level n+1, entering n+1<gold>key will result in n<gold>key.
That is, if EDTEM cannot find an assignment at the <gold> level indicated,
it will search downward through lower levels until it finds a match (if any).
.BLANK 1
The current <gold> level is reflected in the status line of the current buffer
(unless the user has enabled brief mode, useful for slow-speed interfaces).
.BLANK 1
Specifying a "letter" function (that is, a character on the main keyboard)
is not case sensitive (<gold>c and <gold>C do the same thing).
.HEADER LEVEL  Prompts
TPU, the language in which EDTEM was written, supports DCL line editing.
In particular, it is possible to use the DCL line editing commands on
the answers you enter in response to prompts.
.BLANK 1
Only the last entry is recallable (as opposed to the normal 20-entry
recall in DCL).
.HEADER LEVEL  Buffers and Windows
When you invoke an editing session, EDTEM creates a storage region called
a buffer to accept and hold the initial file you specified.
.BLANK 1
EDTEM supports multiple buffers, and the contents of these regions may
be anything you wish. For example, you can
create empty buffers for doing scratch
work; or, you can load other files into different buffers (a single
buffer may also
contain several files, but that's getting ahead of the game).
.BLANK 1
Buffers in themselves are useless without a way to view them. Windows
are the linkage between buffers and the screen. Each buffer may have
one or more windows mapped to it. In the case of multiple windows mapped
to the same buffer, the mapping can be over the same or different portions
of the buffer.
.BLANK 1
In turn, windows are mapped to different sections of the user's screen.
As many windows as the screen can hold may be viewable at any one time. The
only limitation is that a window must be mapped to all the columns of each
screen line it occupies; that is, windows may not be mapped side-by-side.
.BLANK 1
Windows may be of any size,
vertically (subject to screen size, of course). EDTEM does give the user
the ability to change the size of a window, but most of the time, EDTEM's
mapping algorithm is quite suitable (which is to give each window,
except the message window,
approximately equally sized chunks of the screen; there
are a few exceptions, but this rule is usually enforced).
.BLANK 1
Buffers are identified by names (shown on the status line of the associated
window(s)). The mapped (viewable) windows do not have names (they are
simply portals to the screen for the named buffers).
Thus, we will refer to the viewable sections on the screen by their buffer
names.

.! --------------
.! Obtaining Help
.! --------------

.CHAPTER Obtaining Help
There are several ways to summon online help:
.LIST
.LIST ELEMENT; Enter
.BLANK 1
.INDENT +5
<gold>H
.BLANK 1
and a very brief synopsis of commands will be
listed.
.LIST ELEMENT; Enter
.BLANK 1
.INDENT +5
PF2
.BLANK 1
to display a keypad diagram for the base level
(level <0>) keypad keystrokes
.LIST ELEMENT; Enter
.BLANK 1
.INDENT +5
<gold>PF2
.BLANK 1
to display a keypad diagram of the level <1> keypad
keystrokes
.LIST ELEMENT; Enter
.BLANK 1
.INDENT +5
<gold><gold>PF2
.BLANK 1
to display
a keypad diagram of the level <2> keypad
keystrokes
.LIST ELEMENT; Enter
.BLANK 1
.INDENT +5
<gold><gold><gold>PF2
.BLANK 1
to display a keypad diagram of the level <3> keypad
keystrokes
.LIST ELEMENT; For those functions which indicate prompt level help
is available
(currently only Find, and Selective Find and Replace), press PF2 at any time
for help with the current prompt.
.LIST ELEMENT; Enter
.BLANK 1
.INDENT +5
<gold>` (under the "~" on most VT220 keyboards)
.BLANK 1
and then, enter the keystroke in question (such as <gold>R). A brief,
one-line description of the keystroke will be displayed in the message
window.
.END LIST
.BLANK 1
The keypad help files may be printed by specifying
SYS__MANAGER:EDTEM.GOLD__%__HLP to a DCL print command.
(They are also contained in the appendices of this manual.)
.BLANK 1
The synopsis of commands is located in
SYS__MANAGER:EDTEM.HLP.
(This also is located in an appendix in the this manual.)

.! ------------------
.! Starting A Session
.! ------------------

.CHAPTER Starting A Session
Now that we are talking the same language, let's start a simple session.
The following section assumes use of the parent process method
(that is, invocation of command procedure SYS__MANAGER:EDTEM (or,
optionally,
in non-library module cases, SYS__MANAGER:PRE__EDTEM). If you are employing
the kept subprocess method (by use of command procedure
SYS__MANAGER:EDTEM__START), then see the section on starting a kept
editor.
.HEADER LEVEL Starting A Session Using Parent Process Mode
To edit a file, specify the command indicated by your site manager,
followed by the file specification. If
EDTEM is your editor command, then the command becomes
.BLANK 1
.INDENT +5
EDTEM filespec
.BLANK 1
The file specification may include a node name. By default, the modified
buffer is written (upon session EXIT) to a file of the same name
(including node), but of a new version number. (As an aside, it is more
efficient to edit a remote file by specifying the node, than by
SETting HOST to the node and editing it locally - TPU buffers the entire
file locally, thus cutting down extensively on network activity.)
.BLANK 1
TPU qualifiers such as READ__ONLY and RECOVER may be applied after the
file specification.
.BLANK 1
A module may edited directly in a library (without having to issue a
librarian command to extract it, first). To do so, specify
.BLANK 1
.INDENT +5
EDTEM library_\modulename
.BLANK 1
The backslash is a required part of the syntax, as this informs EDTEM
to search the library before the backslash for the module named after
the backslash. Also, don't forget to include the library's file type,
such as .TLB (the VMS default is .OLB).
.BLANK 1
The initial screen produced by EDTEM consists of the following:
.LIST
.LIST ELEMENT; A buffer containing the contents of your file specification.
This buffer is called MAIN, and is mapped to the screen by a window
which uses all but the last three lines of the CRT.
(If you are editing a library module, the buffer name will be the same as
the module name. This will still be referred to as the "main" buffer.)
.LIST ELEMENT; A status line showing the state of buffer MAIN. On
the left side
is the name of the buffer. The lower case word "write" indicates that any
modification to the buffer will cause its contents to be written to the
file specification shown on the right (unless the user QUITs the session).
(If you are editing a library module, by default you will
be placed into "read" mode, meaning that modifications
for the buffer will not be reflected in the module in the library.
There is a way to write the module directly back into the library
from EDTEM, and is covered in a later chapter. Also,
the name of the library between
parentheses is the declared file specification displayed on the
status line.)
.BLANK 1
All other attributes of a buffer are displayed by exception. That is,
there is a set of default characteristics which are not displayed - only
if there is an exception to the default is it shown on the status line.
.BLANK 1
As an example, a typical exception displayed on a status line is the
direction sense, "reverse". The normal
(and default) direction is forward. If "reverse" is shown, then the current
direction of the current buffer is upwards, or from right-to-left. The
absence of "reverse" implies downward, or left-to-right direction.
.LIST ELEMENT; A buffer into which user messages and assistance is written
during the course of the session. The mapped window is two lines in length.
There is no status line associated with this buffer, which is called the
message buffer (and often referred to as the message window).
.END LIST
The cursor is placed in the upper left hand corner of buffer MAIN's window,
which in turn is mapped to the top of the buffer. The user may now begin
entering commands.
.HEADER LEVEL Starting A Kept Editor Session
Much of the above also applies with this mode, except:
.LIST
.LIST ELEMENT; It is necessary to first create the kept subprocess
by invoking command procedure SYS__MANAGER:EDTEM__START.
.LIST ELEMENT; This mode does not remember previous session filetypes
.LIST ELEMENT; The transition from parent process to invocation of
the editor (for starting a new session) is a two-step process:
.LIST
.LIST ELEMENT; You must first attach to the kept subprocess
(by invoking procedure SYS__MANAGER:EDTEM__START)
.LIST ELEMENT; Then, the file must be specified
.END LIST
.END LIST

.! ----------------
.! Ending A Session
.! ----------------

.CHAPTER Ending A Session
Once you have made your modifications (if any), you need to know the ways
of ending an editing session.
.HEADER LEVEL Quiting A Session Without Saving Any Changes
.LIST
.LIST ELEMENT; Enter
.BLANK 1
.INDENT +5
<gold>Q
.LIST ELEMENT; If you did make any changes (even if the buffer now looks
the same as when you started), you will be prompted as to the certainty
of this action.
.BLANK 1
If you wish to abort the action (that is, remain in the
session), enter
.BLANK 1
.INDENT +5
N
.BLANK 1
Otherwise, enter
.BLANK 1
.INDENT +5
Y
.BLANK 1
(upper or lower case
- also, here, as in all other circumstances requiring a non-keypad or
non-special character response to a prompt in the message window, all
answers are terminated by pressing <return>).
.END LIST
.HEADER LEVEL Exiting A Session
Exiting a session by default implies that you wish to save any changes
made to ANY of the buffers whose current output mode is "write".
(Buffers containing library modules are never written by exiting - see
the next section.)
.BLANK 1
To exit a session, enter one of the following keystrokes:
.LIST
.LIST ELEMENT; <gold>E
.LIST ELEMENT; F10
.BLANK 1
(function key F10, VT200 mode, only)
.LIST ELEMENT; <ctrl>Z
.BLANK 1
(not effective when in inline source repair mode)
.END LIST
.HEADER LEVEL Exiting A Library Module Session
Buffers containing library modules are always set to "read" output mode.
This status for such buffers cannot be set to "write". Rather, an alternate
method exists for saving the modifications made to a library module (that
is, replacing the module back into the library directly from the editor):
.LIST
.LIST ELEMENT; Enter
.BLANK 1
.INDENT +5
<gold><gold>O (the letter O)
.BLANK 1
This command will
cause the contents of the current buffer to be replaced into the library
(shown at the right on the status line) under the module's (buffer's)
name
.LIST ELEMENT; Quit or exit the session, as described above
in the previous sections
.END LIST
.HEADER LEVEL Leaving A Kept Editor Session
If you are employing the kept subprocess editor method (that is, you
invoked command procedure SYS__MANAGER:EDTEM__START instead of
SYS__MANAGER:EDTEM or SYS__MANAGER:PRE__EDTEM), then it is possible to
drop out of the editing session back to your parent process, without
quiting or exiting the session.
.BLANK 1
To perform this action, enter
.BLANK 1
.INDENT +5
<gold>X
.BLANK 1
This will place you in control
of the parent process of the spawned subprocess currently (and still)
running the editor.
.BLANK 1
To continue the editing session, simply re-invoke command procedure
SYS__MANAGER:EDTEM__START. The screen will be repainted to the condition
in which you last left the editor.

.! -----------------------------------
.! Bringing Other Files Into A Session
.! -----------------------------------

.CHAPTER Bringing Other Files Into A Session
More than one file may be viewed and/or edited during a particular session.
In addition library modules may also be viewed and/or edited.
.BLANK 1
The load target may be either the current position in the current buffer,
or a new buffer.
.BLANK 1
The desired file or library may be located on any node.
.HEADER LEVEL Defaults
Many of the following methods require specifying the desired file or
library_\module by name. When the user begins the fetch command, a summary
of defaults will be listed in the message window. The specification on the
left indicates current default node (listed if not the local entity),
device/directory, and file type. Between the parentheses is the current
default library (initially null if no library has been accessed).
.BLANK 1
These two components of the default summary are maintained separately:
that is, including a library module has no effect on the regular, left-hand
default. The converse is also true: fetching a regular file has no effect
on the current library default.
.BLANK 1
These defaults allow the user to omit parts of a file and/or library module
specification, where a particular component of the specification is the
same as the default.
.PAGE
For example, assume the default summary is
.BLANK 1
.INDENT +5
USER:[DOE].FOR ()
.BLANK 1
Here is a sample series of file and library module fetches
(by name specification):
.BLANK 1
.LEFT MARGIN +5
ABC loads USER:[DOE]ABC.FOR
.BLANK 1
NODE1::USER:[DEF]XYZ loads NODE1::USER:[DEF]XYZ.FOR
.BLANK 1
A123 loads NODE1::USER:[DEF]A123.FOR
.BLANK 1
B123.COM loads NODE1::USER:[DEF]B123.COM
.BLANK 1
[GHI]C loads NODE1::USER:[GHI]C.COM
.BLANK 1
SYS$LIBRARY:FORSYSDEF.TLB_\$SMGDEF loads module $SMGDEF
from library SYS$LIBRARY:FORSYSDEF.TLB
.BLANK 1
_\$ACCDEF loads module $ACCDEF
from library SYS$LIBRARY:FORSYSDEF.TLB
.BLANK 1
::USER1:[NNN]C loads USER1:[NNN]C.COM
.BLANK 1
NODE2::SYS$LIBRARY:MYLIB.TLB_\MYMODULE loads module MYMODULE
from library NODE2::SYS$LIBRARY:MYLIB.TLB
.BLANK 1
[XXX]N12 loads USER1:[XXX]N12.COM,
leaving a default of USER1:[XXX].COM (NODE2::SYS$LIBRARY:MYLIB.TLB;)
.LEFT MARGIN -5
.BLANK 1
Use defaults with caution when changing default nodes - logical names
may not translate identically on different nodes.
.HEADER LEVEL Loading A File Into A New Buffer
There are two methods by which a file may be loaded into a new buffer.
.BLANK 1
Regardless of the method employed,
a new buffer and window pair is created for the file, the contents are
loaded into the new buffer, and the cursor is positioned to the top of
that buffer (making the new buffer the current buffer).
.HEADER LEVEL +1 Fetching By Naming
.LIST
.LIST ELEMENT; Enter
.BLANK 1
.INDENT +5
<gold>I
.LIST ELEMENT; Respond to the prompt by entering the name of the file.
Defaults are applied as described, above. (Just pressing <return> will abort
the operation.)
.LIST ELEMENT; The file will be collected and displayed in its own buffer
.END LIST
.HEADER LEVEL  Fetching By Pointing
.LIST
.LIST ELEMENT; Enter
.BLANK 1
.INDENT +5
<gold>D
.BLANK 1
(at this point, the operation may be
aborted by pressing <return>)
.LIST ELEMENT; In response to the prompt, enter
.BLANK 1
.INDENT +5
a DIRECTORY command
.BLANK 1
(with or without qualifiers) targeted to the directory containing the
desired file.
.LIST ELEMENT; A DCL__COMMAND
buffer containing the output of the DIRECTORY command
will be displayed. Position the cursor over any portion of the file's
name, and then enter either
.BLANK 1
.INDENT +5
<gold>F (keyboard method)
.BLANK 1
or
.BLANK 1
.INDENT +5
<gold><gold>ENTER (keypad method)
.LIST ELEMENT; The DCL__COMMAND
buffer will be removed from the screen, and a new
buffer containing the file will be shown.
.END LIST;
Note that it is not necessary to reissue the DIRECTORY command each
time to produce the directory display:
.LIST
.LIST ELEMENT; Enter
.BLANK 1
.INDENT +5
<gold>B
.BLANK 1
or
.BLANK 1
.INDENT +5
<gold><gold>KP7
.LIST ELEMENT; Press
.BLANK 1
.INDENT +5
KP4
.BLANK 1
or
.BLANK 1
.INDENT +5
KP5
.BLANK 1
until the buffer "DCL__COMMAND" is listed
on the hi-lighted status line
.LIST ELEMENT; Press ENTER
.END LIST
The DCL__COMMAND buffer will reappear on the screen, ready for your use.
(Some functions use buffer DCL__COMMAND for intermediate steps, so the
above short cut may not always work if you have issued other commands before
recalling the DCL__COMMAND buffer.)
.HEADER LEVEL -1 Loading A File Into An Existing Buffer
.LIST
.LIST ELEMENT; Position the cursor to the position at which the loading
should begin
.LIST ELEMENT; Enter
.BLANK 1
.INDENT +5
<gold><ctrl>I
.LIST ELEMENT; Enter a file specification in response to the prompt
(press <return> to abort the operation). Again, the listed defaults apply
here.
.END LIST
.HEADER LEVEL  Loading A Library Module Into A New Buffer
As in the case of regular files, there are two methods of loading library
routines into new buffers.
.HEADER LEVEL +1 Fetching By Naming
.LIST
.LIST ELEMENT; Enter
.BLANK 1
.INDENT +5
<gold>I
.LIST ELEMENT; In response to the prompt, specify the target module using
library_\module syntax (as illustrated in the Defaults section). Again,
the operation may be aborted at this point by simply pressing <return>.
.END LIST
.HEADER LEVEL  Fetching By Pointing
.LIST
.LIST ELEMENT; Enter
.BLANK 1
.INDENT +5
<gold>D
.LIST ELEMENT; Respond to the prompt by issuing
.BLANK 1
.INDENT +5
a DCL LIBRARY/LIST command
.BLANK 1
(with or without qualifiers) on the target module's library.
(Press <return> at this point to abort the operation.)
.LIST ELEMENT; Position the cursor anywhere over the module name in the
resultant listing in buffer DCL__COMMAND.
.LIST ELEMENT; Enter either
.BLANK 1
.INDENT +5
<gold>F
.BLANK 1
or
.BLANK 1
.INDENT +5
<gold><gold>ENTER
.END LIST
In either case, the library module's content will be displayed on the screen.
.HEADER LEVEL -1 Loading A Library Module Into An Existing Buffer
.LIST
.LIST ELEMENT; Place the cursor at the position at which the load
is to begin.
.LIST ELEMENT; Enter
.BLANK 1
.INDENT +5
<gold><ctrl>I
.LIST ELEMENT; Respond by entering the module using the library_\module
syntax as illustrated in the Defaults section. Again, the operation may
be aborted by simply pressing <return>.
.END LIST

.! ------------------------------------------------
.! Writing Buffers To Files, Libraries and Printers
.! ------------------------------------------------

.CHAPTER Writing Buffers To Files, Libraries and Printers
The entire contents (or a selected portion) of a buffer may be written
to either a file or a printer.
.BLANK 1
In addition, if the buffer was originally extracted from a library
(via a <gold>I library extraction), it may also be directly replaced
into the same library.
.BLANK 1
All operations may run across node boundaries.
.HEADER LEVEL Writing To File Or Printer
.LIST
.LIST ELEMENT; If the entire buffer is to be written,
then skip the following special steps. Otherwise, 
if only a selected portion of the buffer is to be written,
then:
.LIST
.LIST ELEMENT; Postion the cursor over the first (or last) character
of the range to be selected
.LIST ELEMENT; Press
.BLANK 1
.INDENT +5
PERIOD
.BLANK 1
on the application keypad
.LIST ELEMENT; Position the cursor beyond the last (or before the first)
character in the desired range. The hi-lighted region represents the
range which will be written
.END LIST
.LIST ELEMENT; Enter
.BLANK 1
.INDENT +5
<gold>P
.BLANK 1
(press <return> to abort (remember to cancel
the <select> range, too))
.LIST ELEMENT; In response to the prompt:
.LIST
.LIST ELEMENT; Enter the name of the file or printer, or
.LIST ELEMENT; Enter a
.BLANK 1
.INDENT +5
"." (on the keyboard)
.BLANK 1
and the buffer will be written back to the
same file (new version), or
.LIST ELEMENT; Enter an
.BLANK 1
.INDENT +5
"*"
.BLANK 1
and the buffer will be written to printer
SYS$PRINT, or
.LIST ELEMENT; Enter a
.BLANK 1
.INDENT +5
"."
.BLANK 1
followed by
the symbolic name of a pre-defined target.
.BLANK 1
A pre-defined
target is a logical name of the form "EDTEM__WRITE__", with your symbolic name
appended to the end (for example, EDTEM__WRITE__AA, if your symbolic name
is AA - the full response here would be .AA)
.BLANK
As an example, suppose you define the process logical name
EDTEM__WRITE__AA to be the spooled printer device NODE1::TXC3:.
You could save considerable time then, by just specifying .AA.
.END LIST
.END LIST
Some examples:
.BLANK 1
.LEFT MARGIN +5
ABC.FOR
.BLANK 1
NODE1::[DEF]AAA.COM
.BLANK 1
OPA0:
.BLANK 1
_.   (use same file name, new version)
.BLANK 1
*   (send to SYS$PRINT)
.BLANK 1
_.M (send to target pointed by logical name EDTEM__WRITE__M)
.LEFT MARGIN -5
.HEADER LEVEL Changing Buffer Output File Specifications
When you exit from a session which produced at least one modified
buffer (which must also be in "write" mode), the contents of each of
those buffers is written to the specification indicated on the right
side of their status lines.
.BLANK 1
It is possible to alter the output specification for an individual buffer:
.LIST
.LIST ELEMENT; Enter
.BLANK 1
.INDENT +5
<gold>T
.LIST ELEMENT; Enter the new output specification
.END LIST
The output specification can be that either of a file or a library. If the
latter is selected, surround the name in parentheses. Also, do not forget
to include the library type (such as .TLB). The new specification may include
a node name.
.HEADER LEVEL Replacing Modules Into Libraries
Replacing a module (in the current buffer)
previously extracted from a library (via <gold>I)
back into that same library is done by entering
.BLANK 1
.INDENT +5
<gold><gold>O (the letter O)
.BLANK 1
It is assumed that the output specification on the right side of the current
buffer's status line still points to the same library (or at least some
library - use <gold>T to change library names).
.HEADER LEVEL Inserting New Modules Into Libraries
Insertion of new modules into a library is not totally supported, as it is
not currently possible to change buffer names with EDTEM (the name assigned
to the module is the buffer name, or if a pound sign is present (due to
files
with duplicate filenames
being brought into a session), all characters up to the
pound sign).
.BLANK 1
However, it is still possible to copy modules from one library to another:
.LIST
.LIST ELEMENT; Use <gold>I to include a module from library "A"
into the session
.LIST ELEMENT; Use <gold>T to change the output of the buffer to library "B"
.LIST ELEMENT; Use <gold><gold>O to insert the module into library "B"
.END LIST
One may also include a normal file into a new buffer, change the output
name to a library, and use <gold><gold>O to insert it into that library.

.! --------------------------------
.! Manipulating Buffers And Windows
.! --------------------------------

.CHAPTER Manipulating Buffers And Windows
EDTEM supports an extensive repertoire of commands allowing the manipulation
of, and movement between, buffers and windows.
.BLANK 1
Because there is normally a one-to-one correspondance between a buffer and
a window, when mention is made of a "buffer", the buffer/window pair is
being addressed.
.BLANK 1
Windows will be directly addressed
when more than one window is visibly connected to a buffer, or when the
window is to be resized. Even then, the buffer's name will be used (as
TPU does not allow a name to be assigned to a window).
.HEADER LEVEL  Moving Inside A Buffer
There are several ways to remember the current (cursor) position within
the current buffer:
.LIST
.LIST ELEMENT; Enter
.BLANK 1
.INDENT +5
<gold>[
.BLANK 1
or
.BLANK 1
.INDENT +5
<gold><gold>KP9
.BLANK 1
to remember the current position
within the current buffer. The function is buffer dependent: that is,
it can be used to remember a position within each buffer of your session.
Use this sequence together with the next function.
.LIST ELEMENT; To position the cursor
to the location marked by an earlier invocation of the above function,
enter
.BLANK 1
.INDENT +5
<gold>]
.BLANK 1
or
.BLANK 1
.INDENT +5
<gold><gold>MINUS
.BLANK 1
Subsequent invocations of this function result in the toggling of the cursor
between the two locations. The previous location must be in the current
buffer.
.LIST ELEMENT; The next function,
.BLANK 1
.INDENT +5
<gold><gold><gold>KP9
.BLANK 1
is used to remember any number of
positions within the current buffer, and is also buffer dependent. Each
remembered location is specified by a user-provided label.
.LIST ELEMENT; To position the cursor to
the location previously marked by the
above function (<gold><gold><gold>KP9), enter
.BLANK 1
.INDENT +5
<gold><gold><gold>MINUS
.BLANK 1
Specify the same
label you assigned via the earlier keystroke.
.BLANK 1
You cannot mark a position
in one buffer, move to another buffer, and then move back directly to the other
buffer and position through the use of this function.
.END LIST
.HEADER LEVEL  Moving Among Buffers
As you travel between buffers, your current position as you leave one buffer
for the next is always remembered. Additionally, in most cases, as you return
to a previously visited buffer, your cursor will be positioned to the same
spatial coordinate within the buffer's window.
.BLANK 1
Here are some of the possibilities:
.LIST
.LIST ELEMENT; To move to buffer MAIN
(or your initial buffer, in the case of an editing session begun by specifying
a library module), enter
.BLANK 1
.INDENT +5
<gold>M
.BLANK 1
or
.BLANK 1
.INDENT +5
<gold><gold>KP5 
.LIST ELEMENT; To move to the previous
buffer, enter
.BLANK 1
.INDENT +5
<gold>L
.BLANK 1
or
.BLANK 1
.INDENT +5
<gold><gold>KP8 
.BLANK 1
If the buffer was removed from the screen, it is also redisplayed
before your cursor is positioned to that buffer.
.LIST ELEMENT; To go directly
to a named buffer, enter
.BLANK 1
.INDENT +5
<gold>B
.BLANK 1
or
.BLANK 1
.INDENT +5
<gold><gold>KP7 
.BLANK 1
When this function is invoked, the current buffer's
status line will be redisplayed in bold video, with the current buffer's
name placed between parentheses.
.BLANK 1
Use
.BLANK 1
.INDENT +5
KP4 (forward parse)
.BLANK 1
or
.BLANK 1
.INDENT +5
KP5
(backward parse)
.BLANK 1
to move through the list of eligible buffers (shown
in lower case, next to the current buffer's name). When the
desired buffer's name is displayed, press
.BLANK 1
.INDENT +5
ENTER
.BLANK 1
The buffer is redisplayed
(if it was not currently visible), and the cursor positioned to its latest
visited position within that buffer. Special purpose buffers, such as the
message and paste buffers, cannot be specified.
.LIST ELEMENT; To sequentially
visit each VISIBLE window (excluding the message window) on the screen,
enter
.BLANK 1
.INDENT +5
<gold>W
.BLANK 1
or
.BLANK 1
.INDENT +5
<gold><gold>PF3 
.END LIST
The next section discusses yet another means of moving between buffers.
.HEADER LEVEL Displaying A Summary Of Buffers
Entering
.BLANK 1
.INDENT +5
<gold>S
.BLANK 1
or
.BLANK 1
.INDENT +5
<gold><gold>KP6
.BLANK 1
will produce a summary of accessible
buffers which have been created. This summary buffer (PPL__SUMMARY__BUFFER)
lists the following information:
.LIST
.LIST ELEMENT; Buffer name
.LIST ELEMENT; Buffer output mode (Read or Write)
.LIST ELEMENT; Number of windows currently mapped to the buffer
.LIST ELEMENT; The current output file specification (if applicable)
.END LIST
In addition, you may position yourself to any buffer
(that is, bring a buffer to the screen, if it is not already visible,
and place the cursor into that buffer, making it the current buffer)
listed in the summary by:
.LIST
.LIST ELEMENT; Moving the cursor onto the line representing the target buffer
.LIST ELEMENT; Entering either
.BLANK 1
.INDENT +5
<gold>F
.BLANK 1
or
.BLANK 1
.INDENT +5
<gold><gold>ENTER
.END LIST
This method of positioning is called Go To Flagged Buffer.
.HEADER LEVEL  Creating And Mapping A New Window To An Existing Buffer
.LIST
.LIST ELEMENT; Position the cursor anywhere within the buffer to be mapped
.LIST ELEMENT; Enter either
.BLANK 1
.INDENT +5
<gold>C
.BLANK 1
or
.BLANK 1
.INDENT +5
<gold><gold>KP4
.END LIST
The cursor will be positioned to the new window. Note the status line
of the new window: since it is mapped to the same buffer as the other
window, it will show the same buffer name on the status line.
.BLANK 1
As you make a change to the buffer in one window, the change will show
in the other window, too, as long as the same section of the buffer can
be viewed in both windows. Altering basic buffer characteristics, such
as direction or edit mode will be reflected on both windows' status lines,
too. (This is because both windows are looking at a single buffer. If
the windows were viewing separate buffers, then it is possible to have
different characteristics displayed on the status lines, such as "reverse"
in one buffer, and normal direction in another, and so on.)
.BLANK 1
It is possible to have the windows displaying entirely different sections
of the same buffer.
.BLANK 1
Also, there is no sane limit to the number of windows which may be mapped
to a single buffer.
.HEADER LEVEL  Removing A Buffer Or Window
.LIST
.LIST ELEMENT; Position the cursor anywhere within the buffer (or window)
to be removed from view
.LIST ELEMENT; Enter either
.BLANK 1
.INDENT +5
<gold>U
.BLANK 1
or
.BLANK 1
.INDENT +5
<gold><gold>PF4
.END LIST
Removal of a buffer (or window) may pop previously occluded
buffers/windows into greater view.
.BLANK 1
A buffer (or window) removed from the screen is still available. To
retrieve it, use one of the following:
.LIST
.LIST ELEMENT; <gold>L or <gold><gold>KP8 (Go To Previous Buffer)
.LIST ELEMENT; <gold>B or <gold><gold>KP7 (Go To Buffer)
.LIST ELEMENT; <gold>S or <gold><gold>KP6, followed by
.BLANK 1
<gold>F or <gold><gold>ENTER (Go To Flagged Buffer)
.END LIST
.HEADER LEVEL  Adjusting Window Sizes
There are two main methods by which a window may be adjusted in size. Both
require the user to be positioned somewhere within the target window.
.LIST
.LIST ELEMENT; Enter
.BLANK 1
.INDENT +5
<gold>A
.LIST
.LIST ELEMENT; The first prompt asks by how many lines should the upper
boundary of the current window be moved upward. Enter a positive number
for lines up, and a negative number for lines down. Simply press <return>
to leave the upper boundary alone.
.LIST ELEMENT; The second prompt asks by how many lines should the lower
boundary of the current window be moved downward. Enter a positive number
of lines down, and a negative number for lines up. Simply press <return>
to leave the lower boundary alone.
.END LIST
.LIST ELEMENT; Enter
.BLANK 1
.INDENT +5
<gold>G
.BLANK 1
or
.BLANK 1
.INDENT +5
<gold><gold>KP2
.BLANK 1
This will cause the current
window to expand to almost full screen (the message window is left
visible).
.END LIST
Any other visible windows (except the message window) become partially
or totally occluded as result of the above actions.
.BLANK 1
A few editor operations may produce unevenly sized windows (often to the
user's benefit, though, as in the case of capturing a DCL command's limited
output - why use more of the screen than is necessary?). If you wish to
make all the windows the same size (except the message window), then
enter
.BLANK 1
.INDENT +5
<gold><gold>KP0
.BLANK 1
This forces a size reallocation of all user-acessible windows, dividing
the screen space as evenly as is possible.
.HEADER LEVEL  Creating Scratch (Empty) Buffers
To create a new scratch buffer, enter
.BLANK 1
.INDENT +5
<gold><ctrl>B
.BLANK 1
Your cursor will be
placed into that new buffer.
.BLANK 1
By default, scratch buffers have no assigned
output file (or library). Use <gold>T to assign an output specification,
if so desired.
.HEADER LEVEL  Copying Buffers
It is possible to copy the entire contents of the current buffer to a
new (and yet uncreated) scratch buffer. To do so, enter
.BLANK 1
.INDENT +5
<gold><gold>M
.BLANK 1
You will be transported to the new scratch buffer, with a copy of the
old buffer's contents at your disposal.

.! -----------------------
.! Modifying Editing Modes
.! -----------------------

.CHAPTER Modifying Editing Modes
.HEADER LEVEL  Insert / Overstrike Modes
When an editing session is begun, the default character editing mode
is insert. To toggle the mode, enter
.BLANK 1
.INDENT +5
<ctrl>A
.BLANK 1
Each subsequent entry of the above keystroke will toggle the mode
between insert and overstrike. As the default is insert, only the
exception, overstrike, will be shown on the buffer's status line
when that mode is in effect.
.BLANK 1
This mode is independent in each buffer (again, initially it is defaulted
to insert when the buffer is created), and not all buffers have to be set
to the same mode at any one time.
.HEADER LEVEL  Normal / Wide Screen Modes
Actually a way to adjust buffer
window widths, changing the screen from normal (the
default) to wide mode is accomplished by entering
.BLANK 1
.INDENT +5
<gold><ctrl>W
.BLANK 1
If more than one buffer (or window) is visible when the above command is
issued, the screen will be set to wide mode, but only the current window
is enlarged to 132 columns. This can be verified by examining the respective
windows' status lines.
.BLANK 1
The other window(s) can be enlarged by positioning to each window and issuing
the same command.
.BLANK 1
As this command is a toggle, re-issuing it to a window which is already in
wide mode will cause the
window's width to be reduced to normal mode (but the other
visible windows will retain their respective settings).
.BLANK 1
The screen will return to normal width once all of the visible windows
have been set to normal mode.
.HEADER LEVEL  Buffer Output Modes
When the editing of a file is begun, the initial (MAIN) buffer is
set to write mode (as is shown on its status line). This means that
any modification to the buffer will cause (upon exit) its contents to be
written to the specified file shown on the status line.
.BLANK 1
All additional buffers created thereafter default to an initial setting
of "read", meaning that even if their contents are modified, it will not
result in the creation of a new
version of the output file(s) shown on the status
line(s), and writing of the contents of the
buffer(s) to the new file(s).
.BLANK 1
To toggle the output mode, enter
.BLANK 1
.INDENT +5
<gold>O (the letter O)
.BLANK 1
Buffers containing library modules may not be toggled to "write" mode.
(A buffer is deemed to hold a library module if the output file specification
is a library. This can be changed through the use of <gold>T.)
.HEADER LEVEL  Application / Numeric Keypad Modes
By default, EDTEM establishes application keypad mode (otherwise, many
editor commands would not be possible).
.BLANK 1
It is sometimes convenient to temporarily set the keypad to numeric mode,
in order to do repeated numeric entry. To accomplish this, enter
.BLANK 1
.INDENT +5
<gold>N
.BLANK 1
The keypad will remain in numeric mode until another of the above
keystroke is entered.
.HEADER LEVEL  Free Cursor Mode
By default, cursor movement is bound to traveling among characters in
a buffer. In this mode, moving the cursor to the right after reaching
end-of-line will cause it to move to the beginning of the next line, and
so on.
.BLANK 1
However, when the session is set to free cursor mode, the cursor is free
to move in any direction (until a window boundary is reached). In EDTEM,
this mode is emulated by adding spaces to the end of lines, as needed,
in order to allow the cursor to move freely.
.BLANK 1
The only keys which support free movement are the four
arrow keys: keys such as KP3 do not give free cursor response.
.BLANK 1
To enable free cursor mode, enter
.BLANK 1
.INDENT +5
<gold><gold><gold>KP4
.BLANK 1
The status line will now include "fc", indicating that the session
(that is, all buffers) are using free cursor mode.
.BLANK 1
As this is a toggle, re-issuing the above command will cause cancellation
of free cursor mode.

.! -----------------------------
.! Finding And Replacing Strings
.! -----------------------------

.CHAPTER Finding And Replacing Strings
There three basic modes of searching for strings with EDTEM. They
are:
.LIST
.LIST ELEMENT; Searching for an exact (but case independent) match
of a string containing only printable characters
.LIST ELEMENT; Searching for an exact (but case independent) match
of a string which contains a mixture of printable and non-printable
(control) characters
.LIST ELEMENT; Searching for an indicated pattern of printable characters
.END LIST
The methods used will be detailed, momentarily, but first, let's talk
about different kinds of strings.
.HEADER LEVEL Printable Strings
A string of this type (also called a normal string) consists of the
subset of printable characters. No control characters (such as escape,
form feed, etc.) may be part of a normal string specification.
.HEADER LEVEL Control Character Strings
This is the subset of characters whose ASCII value ranges from zero through
31.
.BLANK 1
In EDTEM, a control character is specified with a leading "_^", so as to
mark it as a special characters.
For example,
.BLANK 1
.INDENT +5
_^I
.BLANK 1
represents a tab character,
while
.BLANK 1
.INDENT +5
_^[
.BLANK 1
denotes an escape character, and so on.
.HEADER LEVEL Pattern Strings
Pattern strings permit specification of wildcards
and Boolean operations in search functions.
.PAGE
Operations supported are:
.BLANK 1
.LEFT MARGIN +5
.NOFILL
.NOJUSTIFY
*   multiple character wildcard
%   single character wildcard
_\   forces next character to be treated as a literal
_&   AND
|   OR (vertical bar)
(   begins association
)   ends assocation
.BLANK 1
.INDENT -5
Examples:
.BLANK 1
DU*[                would match DU[
                                DU:[
                                DUA:[
                                DUA0:[
.BLANK 1
DU%%%[              would match DUA0:[
                                DUA1:[
                                DUB2:[
.BLANK 1
*DUA0:              would match from the beginning of the line
                    to the location within the same line where
                    the string "DUA0:" is found
.BLANK 1
DUA0:*              would match from the string "DUA0:" to the
                    end of the line
.BLANK 1
DUA0|DQA0|DRA0      would match DUA0
                                DQA0
                                DRA0
.BLANK 1
DUA(0|1|2|3)        would match DUA0    Note that "_&" is implicit
                                DUA1
                                DUA2
                                DUA3
.BLANK 1
D%A(0|1)            would match DUA0
                                DUA1
                                DQA0
                                DQA1
                                DRA0
                                DRA1
.BLANK 1
_\(between_\)         forces a search for the string "(between)"
.BLANK 1
*between*           would match any entire line with "between"
.BLANK 1
*                   would match the entire current line
.LEFT MARGIN -5
.FILL
.JUSTIFY
.BLANK 1
There is one major type of operation which is not supported. It
consists of a pattern which contains a wildcard, followed immediately
by a special pattern character, such as:
.BLANK 1
.INDENT +5
AB*(CD|EF)
.BLANK 1
Wildcards with OR operations are still permitted, as long as you have
at least one regular character after the "*":
.BLANK 1
.INDENT +5
AB*1(CD|EF)
.BLANK 1
One thing to keep in mind is the method of search employed (most often
it is seek searching). Just remember that once a match is found,
the next search resumes (except in special cases) from that point.
Thus, when one is employing special OR patterns, you may not get what
you quite expected (because the search will not restart at the original
position if a match has been made).
.BLANK 1
Control characters may not be used in pattern searching (that is,
"_^I" will be interpreted as two characters, "_^" and "I", not as
ASCII nine).
.HEADER LEVEL Basic String Search Mode
EDT provides a general string mode through
its Find function.
.BLANK 1
EDTEM provides the same capability, but goes much farther. To perform
a basic search, enter the same initial keystroke:
.BLANK 1
.INDENT +5
<gold>PF3
.BLANK 1
At any prompt in the function (normal, control or pattern),
the operation may be aborted by pressing
.BLANK 1
.INDENT +5
<ctrl>Z
.BLANK 1
or
.BLANK 1
.INDENT +5
<return>
.BLANK 1
In addition, online help for a prompt is available by pressing
.BLANK 1
.INDENT +5
PF2
.BLANK 1
The message window gives the options for keystrokes.
Use the arrow keys to scroll through the help text.
Pressing
.BLANK 1
.INDENT +5
<return>
.BLANK 1
will leave the help text on the screen for reference, while pressing
.BLANK 1
.INDENT +5
<ctrl>Z
.BLANK 1
will remove the help text from the screen.
.HEADER LEVEL +1 Normal Search
If you wish to search for a normal string, enter the appropriate characters,
and then
.LIST
.LIST ELEMENT; Press either
.BLANK 1
.INDENT +5
<return>
.BLANK 1
or
.BLANK 1
.INDENT +5
ENTER
.BLANK 1
to initiate the search
in the CURRENT direction, or
.LIST ELEMENT; Press
.BLANK 1
.INDENT +5
KP4
.BLANK 1
to force the search in the FORWARD direction, or
.LIST ELEMENT; Press
.BLANK 1
.INDENT +5
KP5
.BLANK 1
to force the search in the REVERSE direction
.END LIST
.HEADER LEVEL Control Character Search
If you wish to search for a field containing a combination of normal
and control characters (the only exception is that you can't locate
the "_^" in this mode), press
.BLANK 1
.INDENT +5
PF1
.BLANK 1
and enter the search string, Then
.LIST
.LIST ELEMENT; Press either
.BLANK 1
.INDENT +5
<return>
.BLANK 1
or
.BLANK 1
.INDENT +5
ENTER
.BLANK 1
to initiate the search
in the CURRENT direction, or
.LIST ELEMENT; Press
.BLANK 1
.INDENT +5
KP4
.BLANK 1
to force the search in the FORWARD direction, or
.LIST ELEMENT; Press
.BLANK 1
.INDENT +5
KP5
.BLANK 1
to force the search in the REVERSE direction
.END LIST
.HEADER LEVEL Pattern Search
If you wish to initiate a pattern search, press
.BLANK 1
.INDENT +5
KP7
.BLANK 1
and enter the search string, Then
.LIST
.LIST ELEMENT; Press either
.BLANK 1
.INDENT +5
<return>
.BLANK 1
or
.BLANK 1
.INDENT +5
ENTER
.BLANK 1
to initiate the search
in the CURRENT direction, or
.LIST ELEMENT; Press
.BLANK 1
.INDENT +5
KP4
.BLANK 1
to force the search in the FORWARD direction, or
.LIST ELEMENT; Press
.BLANK 1
.INDENT +5
KP5
.BLANK 1
to force the search in the REVERSE direction
.END LIST
.HEADER LEVEL The Matched Field
The match (if any) will be shown in reverse video, and the cursor placed
at the beginning of the matched field.
.BLANK 1
The message window will indicate the text of the current match, too.
.BLANK 1
The reverse video over the match may be cancelled by entering
any of the following:
.LIST
.LIST ELEMENT; <gold>PERIOD
.LIST ELEMENT; <gold><space>
.LIST ELEMENT; any keystroke which results in the deletion of any character
in the buffer
.END LIST
In addition, since the hi-lighted field is marked in the same fashion as
if one had used <select> (keypad PERIOD), it is possible to perform
such operations as Invert Case (<gold>KP1) on it.
.HEADER LEVEL Examples
.LIST
.LIST ELEMENT; Search for "ABC" in the current
direction
.LEFT MARGIN +5
.BLANK 1
<gold>PF3
.BREAK
ABC
.BREAK
<return>
.LEFT MARGIN -5
.LIST ELEMENT; Search for "<escape>[T" in the reverse direction
.LEFT MARGIN +5
.BLANK 1
<gold>PF3
.BREAK
PF1
.BREAK
_^[[T
.BREAK
KP5
.LEFT MARGIN -5
.LIST ELEMENT; Search for "DUA0" or "DUA1" in the forward direction
.LEFT MARGIN +5
.BLANK 1
<gold>PF3
.BREAK
KP7
.BREAK
DUA%
.BREAK
KP4
.LEFT MARGIN -5
.END LIST
.HEADER LEVEL -1 Selective Find And Replace
This function consists of three phases:
.LIST
.LIST ELEMENT; Specification of the target string
.LIST ELEMENT; Specification of the replacement string
.LIST ELEMENT; Specification of the action to be performed on each match
.END LIST
To invoke the function, enter
.BLANK 1
.INDENT +5
<gold>R
.BLANK 1
Online help is available at any time. To obtain additional aid
regarding a prompt, press
.BLANK 1
.INDENT +5
PF2
.BLANK 1
The first step is to specify a search string.
All three modes of searching (normal, control character, pattern)
may be employed. The possible actions at this point are identical
to that of the basic Find function, and won't be detailed, here.
.BLANK 1
Once you have entered a search string (assuming you did not abort
the operation), you will be prompted for a primary replacement string
.BLANK 1
The replacement string is specified in much the same fashion as the target
(search) string, except that pattern mode cannot be employed (that is,
only normal or control character strings may be used).
.BLANK 1
To enter a normal replacement string, enter the string. Then
.LIST
.LIST ELEMENT; Press either
.BLANK 1
.INDENT +5
<return>
.BLANK 1
or
.BLANK 1
.INDENT +5
ENTER
.BLANK 1
to initiate the search
in the CURRENT direction, or
.LIST ELEMENT; Press
.BLANK 1
.INDENT +5
KP4
.BLANK 1
to force the search in the FORWARD direction, or
.LIST ELEMENT; Press
.BLANK 1
.INDENT +5
KP5
.BLANK 1
to force the search in the REVERSE direction
.END LIST
The first match found (if any) will be shown in reverse video.
.BLANK 1
The message window will show the following (from left to right):
.LIST
.LIST ELEMENT; The search string
.LIST ELEMENT; The primary replacement string
.LIST ELEMENT; The alternate replacement string (initially the same as
the primary replacement string)
.END LIST
At this point, there are a sizable number of options at your disposal:
.LIST
.LIST ELEMENT; Replace the match with the primary replacement string by
pressing
.BLANK 1
.INDENT +5
<return>
.LIST ELEMENT; Or, replace the match with a one-time
normal string entered from the keyboard (terminated with <return>)
.LIST ELEMENT; Or, replace the match with an
already-loaded alternate replacement string by pressing
.BLANK 1
.INDENT +5
PF3
.LIST ELEMENT; Or, define the alternate replacement string and replace
the match with it (in one operation). This is done by
entering the new alternate replacement string (from the keyboard) and
terminating the input by pressing
.BLANK 1
.INDENT +5
PF3
.BLANK 1
(instead of pressing <return>)
.BLANK 1
The string just entered becomes the alternate replacement string,
until overriden by another one.
.BLANK 1
Only normal strings may be specified using this method.
.LIST ELEMENT; Or, define the alternate replacement string in a manner
which allows specification of control characters as part of the string.
To do it this way, first press
.BLANK 1
.INDENT +5
ENTER
.BLANK 1
At this point, the procedure becomes the same as when you were defining
the primary replacement string. You can
.LIST
.LIST ELEMENT; Enter a normal string, or
.LIST ELEMENT; Enter a control character string (using PF1), or
.LIST ELEMENT; Abort the redefinition step (using <ctrl>Z). If this
action is used, the current match will be left intact, and the search for
another match will resume.
.END LIST
.LIST ELEMENT; Or, delete the matched string by pressing
.BLANK
.INDENT +5
MINUS (on the keypad)
.LIST ELEMENT; Or, invert the matched field's case by pressing
.BLANK 1
.INDENT +5
KP1
.LIST ELEMENT; Or, force the matched field's case to lower case by pressing
.BLANK 1
.INDENT +5
KP2
.LIST ELEMENT; Or, force the matched field's case to upper case by pressing
.BLANK 1
.INDENT +5
KP3
.LIST ELEMENT; Or, cause all remaining matches to be acted upon by the same
command as was last issued. This done is by pressing
.BLANK 1
.INDENT +5
PF4
.BLANK 1
For example, if the last keystroke in the current find-and-replace
session was to press KP2 to set a matched field to lower case, then
all remaining matches in the buffer (in the current direction) will
have their fields set to lower case.
.LIST ELEMENT; Or, force the search direction to be FORWARD by pressing
.BLANK 1
.INDENT +5
KP4
.BLANK 1
The first matched field in the new direction will be located and hi-lighted.
.LIST ELEMENT; Or, force the search direction to be REVERSE by pressing
.BLANK 1
.INDENT +5
KP5
.BLANK 1
The first matched field in the new direction will be located and hi-lighted.
.LIST ELEMENT; Or, don't perform any alteration on the current match,
and locate the next match by pressing any other application keypad key
(such as KP8)
.LIST ELEMENT; Or, abort the find-and-replace session by pressing
.BLANK 1
.INDENT +5
<ctrl>Z
.BLANK 1
The cursor will be left at the previously visited match (or at the original
position, if you abort on the first match).
.END LIST
KP9 performs the same action as <return>, thus allowing the right hand
to remain on the keypad.
.BLANK 1
Upon termination of the function, a summary of replaced matches is shown
in the message window. If the function was terminated due to no more
matches being found, the cursor is positioned to its location at the
start of the operation.
.HEADER LEVEL Resuming A Selective Find And Replace Operation
Sometimes, while in a find-and-replace operation, you may wish to
temporarily drop out of the sequence to perform some other action
(such as correcting a mispelled word you happen to spot), and then
resume the function at the point of suspension.
.BLANK 1
Assuming you have just aborted a find-and-replace action, and now wish
to resume, enter
.BLANK 1
.INDENT +5
<gold><ctrl>R
.BLANK 1
You will be positioned at the match last visited, where EDTEM will
await your next replacement command.
.HEADER LEVEL Producing A Summary of Search String Matches
There are times when it is convenient to construct a summary of all
the occurences of a particular search string (normal, control character,
or pattern), and the respective location of each match. This is done
by entering
.BLANK 1
.INDENT +5
<gold><gold><gold>PF3
.BLANK 1
At this point, you then enter a string in the same manner as you do with
with the simple Find operation (<gold>PF3). EDTEM will produce
and transport you to a buffer
containing a summary of all located matches to the specified string.
.HEADER LEVEL Limiting The Search Scope
It is possible to restrict the searching operations
described in this chapter to a specified range of columns. This is sometimes
useful in tabular output, for example.
.BLANK 1
The following steps are prescribed to effect such a mode:
.LIST
.LIST ELEMENT; Position the cursor (on any line) to the first
column to be included in the search range and enter
.BLANK 1
.INDENT +5
<gold>V
.LIST ELEMENT; Position the cursor to the last column to be
included in the search range and enter
.BLANK 1
.INDENT +5
<gold>V
.LIST ELEMENT; To enable the specified column search range, enter
.BLANK 1
.INDENT +5
<gold><gold>V
.END LIST
A column range marker is shown with an underscore.
The latest assigned marker can be cancelled by issuing
.BLANK 1
.INDENT +5
<gold><ctrl>V
.BLANK 1
The other marker (if it exists) can be cancelled by
repeating the above keystroke. Both markers can be
simulataneously cancelled by entering
.BLANK 1
.INDENT +5
<gold>PERIOD
.BLANK 1
This method of marking
is employed by several functions in EDTEM, by the way.
.BLANK 1
The search range covers all lines which have subsets within
the specified column area.
.BLANK 1
When limited search range mode is active, the status line of each
visible window will show "ls".
.BLANK 1
The mode can be revoked by entering
.BLANK 1
.INDENT +5
<gold>PERIOD
.HEADER LEVEL Search Function Interaction
The Find, and Selective Find and Replace functions both employ the
same algorithm for specifying search strings. In fact, they remember
each other's current search target. This means, for example,
 that if you use the
Selective Find and Replace function and specify a search string of
"ABC", after you terminate the function, you may press PF3 (Find Next)
and be transported to the next match of the string "ABC". The reverse
is not supported, though, as Selective Find and Replace always prompts
for a new search string.

.! --------------
.! DCL Operations
.! --------------

.CHAPTER DCL Operations
.HEADER LEVEL Issuing A DCL Command
Any DCL command which produces non-interactive output to device
SYS$OUTPUT may be issued from the editor (assuming the user has the
privileges to perform such an action). Enter
.BLANK 1
.INDENT +5
<gold>D
.BLANK 1
and respond to the prompt with your DCL command. A buffer (called
DCL__COMMAND) will be displayed showing the results of your action,
and the cursor will be positioned to that buffer. The contents of
the buffer are available for your further use.
.BLANK 1
As a reminder, several specialized uses of this feature have already
been discussed:
.LIST
.LIST ELEMENT; Fetching a file from a directory listing
.LIST ELEMENT; Fetching a library module from the output of a LIBRARY/LIST
command
.END LIST
.HEADER LEVEL Spawning A Subprocess
It is possible to temporarily leave an editing session and perform
some other action at DCL level. The method employed is to spawn a
subprocess from EDTEM. To do this (assuming you have the necessary privileges),
enter
.BLANK 1
.INDENT +5
<gold>+
.BLANK 1
At this point you can either
.LIST
.LIST ELEMENT; Press
.BLANK 1
.INDENT +5
<return>
.BLANK 1
causing you to be placed at the DCL level of the spawned subprocess. This
method permits one to perform several activities before returning to the
editing session (which is currently in hibernation). To return back
to EDTEM, type
.BLANK 1
.INDENT +5
LOGOUT
.LIST ELEMENT; Or, you can issue the DCL command directly, which will
place you under the control of the specified action. When that command's
activity has completed, you will automatically be returned to EDTEM.
.END LIST
.HEADER LEVEL Which Should I Use?
A spawned subprocess can handle interactive (two-way input/output),
whereas issuing a simple DCL command using <gold>D can accept only
non-interactive operations.
.BLANK 1
Translated into an example, <gold>+ can be used to run the MONITOR
utility, but <gold>D cannot.
.BLANK 1
<gold>D has an advantage of being able to capture output and place it
into a buffer; you cannot do that by spawning a subprocess.

.! -------------------------
.! Special Display Functions
.! -------------------------

.CHAPTER Special Display Functions
.HEADER LEVEL Auto Scrolling
Auto scrolling is a mode by which the text in the current buffer
is made to continuously scroll (on its own), until either the user
issues a command to stop the action, or the buffer boundary (in the
current direction) is reached.
.BLANK 1
To invoke, press
.BLANK 1
.INDENT +5
ENTER
.BLANK 1
The text will continue to scroll until one of the above-mentioned
conditions is encountered.
.BLANK 1
To pause the scrolling action, press
.BLANK 1
.INDENT +5
ENTER
.BLANK 1
Subsequent depressions of that key will toggle the pause/scroll condition.
.BLANK 1
To force the scroll go to in the FORWARD direction, press
.BLANK 1
.INDENT +5
KP4
.BLANK 1
To force the scroll go to in the REVERSE direction, press
.BLANK 1
.INDENT +5
KP5
.BLANK 1
Pressing any other key will abort the mode.
.HEADER LEVEL  Scrolling Modes
.LIST
.LIST ELEMENT; Jump / Smooth Scrolling
.BLANK 1
To toggle the CRT between these modes, enter
.BLANK 1
.INDENT +5
<gold><gold>KP1
.LIST ELEMENT; Normal / VAXstation Scrolling
.BLANK 1
By default, scrolling is performed by "pulling" or "pushing" lines
of text up or down the screen. On normal CRTs, this method of hardware
scrolling is faster, and is easier for the eye to follow.
.BLANK 1
High-speed CRT interfaces, such as those used on the VAXstation, often
can benefit from simply repainting the window, rather than scrolling
it (especially if the scrolling is done in software).
.BLANK 1
To toggle this mode, enter
.BLANK 1
.INDENT +5
<gold><gold><gold>S
.BLANK 1
When VAXstation scrolling mode is in effect, each scroll command (KP8)
causes the entire current block of viewable text to be scrolled just
out of sight (as opposed to moving MOST of the text out of sight, which
is the action in normal mode).
.BLANK 1
The default is normal scrolling. However, if the name of the
section file is changed from EDTEM.TPU$SECTION to VWS__EDTEM.TPU$SECTION,
then the default at session start will be VAXstation scroll mode.
.END LIST
.HEADER LEVEL Displaying Non-Printable Characters
One of the weaknesses of TPU is that it does a rather poor job of
displaying non-printable characters. As an effort to provide a
partial solution, EDTEM has a feature which parses the current buffer
and produces a buffer displaying non-printable characters in
"control-letter" terminology (the same idea as employed in control
strings).
.BLANK 1
However, instead of showing a tab as "_^I", EDTEM displays a tab
as reverse-video I in the translation buffer. The same method is applied
to all control characters. This way, the one-to-one correspondance
of character-on-screen to character-in-buffer is maintained.
.BLANK 1
To translate the current buffer, enter
.BLANK 1
.INDENT +5
<gold><gold><gold>ENTER
.BLANK 1
At the end of the translation, you will be positioned into buffer
TRANSLATION, where you may roam at will. The original (source)
buffer is left unchanged.
.BLANK 1
A word of warning - do not use this function on non-text files.
The translation algorithm is quite slow when it works on a buffer
containing hundreds of control characters (we're talking loads
of minutes, here).
.HEADER LEVEL Brief Mode
A brief (expert users) mode can be enabled by entering
.BLANK 1
.INDENT +5
<ctrl>B
.BLANK 1
When in brief mode, much non-esential (cosmetic) output produced by
EDTEM is suppressed (such as echoing <gold> on the status line each time
that key is pressed). This can be useful when slower communications
lines are employed, for example.
.BLANK 1
This is a toggle keystroke: entering it again will restore the
normal mode of operation. By default, brief mode is disabled.

.! -------------------------
.! Special Buffer Operations
.! -------------------------

.CHAPTER Special Buffer Operations
.HEADER LEVEL Going To A Line Within A Buffer
Sometimes, it is convenient to reference buffer positions
by line number. For example,
many compilers produce summaries which call out line numbers.
EDTEM provides a function which allows the user to position
to a given line number within a buffer. To use, enter
.BLANK 1
.INDENT +5
<gold><gold>L
.BLANK 1
and then enter the target line number.
.BLANK 1
An additional tool under this topic is the ability to display
the current cursor position in terms of a line number. To use, enter
.BLANK 1
.INDENT +5
<gold><gold>S
.BLANK 1
This summary display shows
.LIST
.LIST ELEMENT; Row within the window
.LIST ELEMENT; Column within the window
.LIST ELEMENT; Current buffer line
.LIST ELEMENT; Total number of lines in the buffer
.LIST ELEMENT; Current offset from beginning of current line in buffer
.END LIST
.HEADER LEVEL Removing Non-Printable Characters From A Buffer
There are times when it is nice to strip commonly occuring control characters
from a file (a good example is a runoff output file).
.BLANK 1
EDTEM has a feature which will remove the following control characters
from the current buffer:
.LIST
.LIST ELEMENT; Null
.LIST ELEMENT; Line feed
.LIST ELEMENT; Carriage return
.END LIST
To initiate the action, enter
.BLANK 1
.INDENT +5
<gold><gold>K
.HEADER LEVEL Triming Trailing White Spaces
EDTEM provides two methods for doing this one.
.BLANK 1
To remove trailing blanks and tabs from the current line, enter
.BLANK 1
.INDENT +5
<gold>}
.BLANK 1
To remove trailing blanks and tabs from the entire buffer, enter
.BLANK 1
.INDENT +5
<gold>{
.HEADER LEVEL Column Rulers
Back in the old days, one used special coding paper with marked
columns to develop program displays or output. Thanks to the modern
miracle of CRTs, one can do it faster on the screen with a text editor.
But, we still need the steadying influence of marked columns to help
out on the display coding (or for just plain spreadsheet-like tabular
reports, for that matter).
.BLANK 1
To insert a ruler into the current buffer (at the current position), enter
.BLANK 1
.INDENT +5
<gold>/
.BLANK 1
To instead display the ruler on the status line of the current buffer
(thereby not upsetting the contents of the buffer), enter
.BLANK 1
.INDENT +5
<gold>_\
.BLANK 1
This second method will have its ruler erased whenever any action forces
an update to the buffer's status line.
.HEADER LEVEL Rectangular Cut And Paste
EDTEM provides a method of removing and/or copying a defined rectangular
piece of text from the current buffer.
.BLANK 1
The function is not perfect:
any tabs on a line which contributes a portion of the rectangle
will often upset the desired effect. Specifying a rectangle which
includes a portion beyond the end of a line may also not work quite
as you expected.
.BLANK 1
However, if you observe the following rules, you should have no problems:
.LIST
.LIST ELEMENT; Do not use tabs in the buffer. EDTEM supports a simulated
tab mode (which employs spaces). It is recommended that you use that mode
for all editing, if possible (see the chapter on word processing features).
.LIST ELEMENT; Cut only rectangles which have no ragged right edges. That is,
the right boundary of the rectangle should not extend beyond
the end of any line. Otherwise, EDTEM will be forced to pad the lines with
enough blanks to fill out the rectangle.
.END LIST
To mark a rectangle coordinate, position the cursor to any corner
of the rectangle and enter
.BLANK 1
.INDENT +5
<gold>V
.BLANK 1
An underscore will mark the coordinate just posted.
A rectangle is fully marked when two diagonally opposite corners have been
marked.
.BLANK 1
Only two markers are permitted at any one time. Issuing a third marking
command will cause the first mark to be lost.
.BLANK 1
To cancel the latest existing marker, enter
.BLANK 1
.INDENT +5
<gold><ctrl>V
.BLANK 1
The other marker (if it exists) can be cancelled by using the same command.
.BLANK 1
Both markers may be cancelled simultaneously be entering
.BLANK 1
.INDENT +5
<gold>PERIOD
.BLANK 1
Once the rectangle has been defined, cut out the area by entering
.BLANK 1
.INDENT +5
<gold>K
.BLANK 1
Any text to the right of the cut region will be pulled to the left to fill
in the gap.
.BLANK 1
To paste the cut region into a buffer (it doesn't have to be the same buffer),
position the cursor to the target rectangle's upper left coordinate and enter
.BLANK 1
.INDENT +5
<gold><ctrl>K
.BLANK 1
If the editing mode of the buffer is INSERT, the rectangle of text
will be inserted at the cursor. Otherwise, any text in the target
rectangle is overlayed.
.HEADER LEVEL Lateral Text Shifting
EDTEM has the capability to shift a block of text laterally either
to the left or to the right. The unit of shifting is a tab (real or
simulated, depending on the current tab mode).
.BLANK 1
To invoke:
.LIST
.LIST ELEMENT; Position the cursor onto the first line to be shifted,
and move it to tab stop representing the
base of the shift. This is the left-most point from which "tabs" will
either be added or deleted. Then enter
.BLANK 1
.INDENT +5
<gold>V
.BLANK 1
The position will be marked with an underscore.
.LIST ELEMENT; Position the cursor onto the last line to be shifted
(the column position is ignored) and enter
.BLANK 1
.INDENT +5
<gold>V
.BLANK 1
This position is also marked with an underscore.
.LIST ELEMENT; Once the starting column/line and ending line have
been successfully marked, the function can be invoked by entering
.BLANK 1
.INDENT +5
<gold><gold><gold>KP5
.BLANK 1
You will be prompted for the number of tabs to remove (negative
number) or add (postive number). Press <return> to abort the operation.
.END LIST
The latest existing marker can be cancelled by entering
.BLANK 1
.INDENT +5
<gold><ctrl>V
.BLANK 1
Both markers can be simultaneously erased by entering
.BLANK 1
.INDENT +5
<gold>PERIOD
.BLANK 1
When
a negative shift of text is requested,
the resulting action of this function may at first be confusing until it is
realized that characters are being pulled in from the right (via a
erase current character keystroke) until a non-blank character is encountered.
This is why placing the cursor at the left edge of a non-blank
block of text results in nothing happening - EDTEM ran into the non-blank
character, right away, and stopped pulling.
.BLANK 1
This effect is intentional, as the main purpose of this function is to
allow shifting of high-level language source a number of indents to the
left or right, without endangering the source statements (in case the
user goofs on the indentation shift). Thus, the best use for this feature
is to place the cursor in column one of the first line to be shifted, mark
it, place the cursor in column one of the last line to be shifted, mark it,
and then invoke the function.
.BLANK 1
Blank lines can be included in the marked range: they are left unaffected
(that is, tabs are not added to such lines).

.! ----------------
.! Language Support
.! ----------------

.CHAPTER Language Support
.HEADER LEVEL Language Recognition
EDTEM uses the filetype of the buffer's output file specification
as the determining factor as to type of language represented by
the buffer's source.
.BLANK 1
The official list of filetypes versus languages is:
.LITERAL

      FORTRAN     .FOR
      PL/I        .PLI
      DCL         .COM
      TPU         .TPU
      MACRO       .MAR
      C           .C
      RUNOFF      .RN%    (.RNO, .RND, etc)

.END LITERAL
.HEADER LEVEL Automatic DCL Command Procedure Dollar Sign Insertion
By default, whenever you are editing a buffer containing a filetype
of .COM, EDTEM will automatically insert a dollar sign at the beginning of a new
line.
.BLANK 1
This mode of operation can be toggled through keystroke
.BLANK 1
.INDENT +5
<gold>$
.BLANK 1
When the auto-insertion mode is in effect, the buffers containing a command
procedure will have their status lines display a dollar sign.
.HEADER LEVEL Indentation
Often, source language coding employs indentation to signal logical
blocks (such as nesting levels) within a module. EDTEM has the capability
to position the cursor to the same level of indentation as that of the
current line (that is, the line containing the cursor). In fact, the editor
will employ the same combination of tabs and spaces as the current line
to construct the indentation.
.BLANK 1
To create a new line below the current line, and indent to the same level,
enter
.BLANK 1
.INDENT +5
<ctrl>N
.BLANK 1
To create a new line ABOVE the current line, and indent to the same level,
enter
.BLANK 1
.INDENT +5
<ctrl>P
.BLANK 1
The cursor may be anywhere on the current line (it does not have to be
at the end of the line).
.BLANK 1
If the current line is empty (that is, it has zero length), then the
indentation of the
first non-blank, non-commented (within the definition of the language
implied by the buffer's filetype)
above the current line is substituted. Supported languages (for comment
detection) are
.LIST
.LIST ELEMENT; FORTRAN
.LIST ELEMENT; TPU
.LIST ELEMENT; MACRO
.LIST ELEMENT; PL/I
.LIST ELEMENT; C
.END LIST
The <tab> key's action can be modified to indent to the current level.
To do this, enter
.BLANK 1
.INDENT +5
<gold><gold><gold>KP3
.BLANK 1
Once armed (shown as "indent" on the status line), pressing <return>
and <tab> (as a pair) will have basically the same effect as
entering <ctrl>N.
The only difference is that you should be at the end of the line
before pressing <return>, while it does not matter with <ctrl>N.
.BLANK 1
Of course, you may enter several <return> keystrokes
to open up empty lines (for aesthetics) before issuing
the tab keystroke.
.BLANK 1
As this is a toggled action, entering
.BLANK 1
.INDENT +5
<gold><gold><gold>KP3
.BLANK 1
will subsequently restore the <tab> key to its normal mode of operation.
.HEADER LEVEL Comment Framing
EDTEM allows the user to enter one or more lines of comment statements
(within the constructs of the language implied by the buffer's filetype),
and then, through one keystroke, neatly frame the comment block. The one
major restriction is that there be no mixture of comments and source
statements on the same line(s). And, of course, a block of comment
lines (by definition) contains no empty lines (a comment delimiter
without anything else is permitted).
.BLANK 1
Supported languages are:
.LIST
.LIST ELEMENT; FORTRAN
.LIST ELEMENT; PL/I
.LIST ELEMENT; C
.LIST ELEMENT; MACRO
.LIST ELEMENT; TPU
.LIST ELEMENT; DCL
.LIST ELEMENT; RUNOFF
.END LIST
To use this function:
.LIST
.LIST ELEMENT; Prepare the comment block (one or more lines of comment),
while observing the afore-mentioned rules. Users
editing a language which uses a leading and
trailing delimiter to denote comments (such as C or PL/I) should not
append the trailing delimiters (it will be done for you).
.LIST ELEMENT; With the cursor positioned over any character within the
comment block, press
.BLANK 1
.INDENT +5
<ctrl>F
.END LIST
Note that any framing you add manually will be framed in turn by that
keystroke.
.HEADER LEVEL Re-Framing A Comment Block
Coding changes, and so do the comments that go with it. The resultant
comments often require a noticeable amount of work to get them justified
and re-framed by hand. EDTEM offers an automated method of reconstructing
a previously framed (and probably modified) comment block.
.BLANK 1
All languages supported by <ctrl>F are also supported by this feature.
.BLANK 1
To re-frame
a comment block constructed according to the previous section's rules,
position the cursor over any character of the comment block
(including the top or bottom frame) and enter
.BLANK 1
.INDENT +5
<gold><ctrl>F
.BLANK 1
The comment block will be reformatted, justified and re-framed.
.HEADER LEVEL Inline Source Compilation And Repair
It is possible to compile inline (with no object file produced) the
source contained within the current buffer, without leaving the editor.
The supported languages are
.LIST
.LIST ELEMENT; FORTRAN
.LIST ELEMENT; PL/I
.LIST ELEMENT; MACRO
.LIST ELEMENT; C
.LIST ELEMENT; RUNOFF
.END LIST
In addition, several languages are supported for interactive diagnosis
of error location and repair. They are
.LIST
.LIST ELEMENT; FORTRAN
.LIST ELEMENT; PL/I
.END LIST
(Author's Note: it would be simple to implement C support as well, but
DEC's C compiler produces inconsistent source listings, dependent on
error severity. If that problem is ever remedied, then C support will
be forthcoming.)
.BLANK 1
To initiate an inline compilation of the current buffer's source, enter either
.BLANK 1
.INDENT +5
<gold>?
.BLANK 1
or
.BLANK 1
.INDENT +5
<gold><gold>KP3
.BLANK 1
You will be transported to buffer DCL__COMMAND, which will contain
the compilation listing.
.BLANK 1
If an error was detected by the compiler, AND, the source buffer contains
text of a supported language, you will be queried as to whether or not
you wish to enter interactive repair mode. If you answer
.BLANK 1
.INDENT +5
Y
.BLANK 1
to signify "yes", you will be transported back to the original source
buffer, where you will have an opportunity to fix each error as EDTEM
points them out to you.
.BLANK 1
After you have repaired the error currently pointed out by the editor, enter
.BLANK 1
.INDENT +5
<gold>?
.BLANK 1
or
.BLANK 1
.INDENT +5
<gold><gold>KP3
.BLANK 1
and EDTEM will position you to the approximate location of the next error.
.BLANK 1
Repair mode is terminated in one of the following ways:
.LIST
.LIST ELEMENT; Enter
.BLANK 1
.INDENT +5
<ctrl>Z
.LIST ELEMENT; All errors have been repaired by the user
.END LIST
Note that if you attempt to exit the editing session, and repair mode
is still active, the only action performed by EDTEM will be to terminate
repair mode (you may then enter another exit command).
.BLANK 1
If you decline to enter repair mode (by pressing <return> in response to the
initial repair mode query), or the language type is not supported for repairing,
then you will be left in the DCL__COMMAND buffer, free to move around at will.
.HEADER LEVEL Language Variable Declarations
Coding is often done "on screen" these days, where the programmer is
mentally building the algorithms on the fly as he/she enters the code.
This leads to the state where the coder is somewhere down at the bottom of
the buffer adding new statements using new variables, while the declarations
for the variables are at the top of the buffer. This results in
frequent "elevator" trips up and down the buffer, adding new declarations,
adding new statements, adding new declarations, and so it goes...
.BLANK 1
The coding of declaration blocks are often sacred territory to programmers
(placement, format, etc.), but if you are willing to adhere to EDTEM's
method, and are using either FORTRAN or PL/I,
the editor does give you an alternative to motion
sickness. And, the declarations are done without visibly moving around in the
buffer.
.BLANK 1
If you are using PL/I, you must add the comment line
.BLANK
.INDENT +5
/* <*> */
.BLANK 1
to your source. EDTEM uses this as a reference point, placing all
declarations below that line.
.BLANK 1
If you are using FORTRAN, then EDTEM requires that you have the following
line in your source:
.BLANK 1
.INDENT +5
IMPLICIT NONE
.BLANK 1
(The author's coding preference is showing through, here - he views
the above statement as good coding practice, as it saves lots of
headaches down the road, due to typos, etc.)
.BLANK 1
EDTEM will use the IMPLICIT NONE statement as the reference point, placing
all declarations below that line.
.BLANK 1
The FORTRAN user also has the option of telling the editor where to start
the main declarations area. This is done by adding the line
.BLANK 1
.INDENT +5
! <*>
.BLANK 1
to the source. EDTEM will then use that line as the reference point.
.BLANK 1
The editor will block variables by type (that is, all INTEGER*4 variables
will be placed together, etc.). However, EDTEM makes no attempt
to alphabetize entries within a block.
.BLANK 1
Supported FORTRAN variable types are
.LIST
.LIST ELEMENT; BYTE (specify B)
.LIST ELEMENT; INTEGER*2 (specify W)
.LIST ELEMENT; INTEGER*4 (specify L)
.LIST ELEMENT; CHARACTER*n (specify Cn, where n is the size)
.LIST ELEMENT; LOGICAL*1 (specify T)
.LIST ELEMENT; REAL*4 (specify S)
.LIST ELEMENT; REAL*8 (specify D)
.LIST ELEMENT; EXTERNAL (specify X)
.END LIST
Supported PL/I declarations are
.LIST
.LIST ELEMENT; FIXED BINARY(7) (specify B)
.LIST ELEMENT; FIXED BINARY(15) (specify W)
.LIST ELEMENT; FIXED BINARY(31) (specify L)
.LIST ELEMENT; CHARACTER(n) (specify Cn, where n is the size)
.LIST ELEMENT; BIT(1) (specify T)
.LIST ELEMENT; FLOAT BINARY(24) (specify S)
.LIST ELEMENT; FLOAT BINARY(53) (specify D)
.LIST ELEMENT; GLOBALREF FIXED BINARY(31) VALUE (specify X)
.END LIST
To declare a variable using this function, enter
.BLANK 1
.INDENT +5
<gold><ctrl>D
.BLANK 1
The prompts are fairly self-explanatory, but some additional information
will be useful.
.BLANK 1
You will be prompted for the name of a variable. If you enter
.BLANK 1
.INDENT +5
a period (decimal point),
.BLANK 1
the last word typed will be assumed to be the name of the variable.
Otherwise,
you may enter the name of the variable (the entry is not case sensitive).
(You may abort the process by pressing <return>.)
.BLANK 1
EDTEM will then check the name against the already declared variables
OF THE SUPPORTED TYPES. If it finds the variable to be presently declared,
it will display the current declaration and ask if you wish to
modify the declaration (this is a good way to see if a variable
has been declared). If you answer in the affirmative, the editor
will
give you a choice of modifying or deleting the declaration.
If you indicate
that you would like to modify the declaration, then you will be presented
a menu of variable types.
Specify one of the types by letter (such as T). Character declarations
require C, plus the variable size (such as C12).
If you abort the function
at this point, the declaration WILL BE DELETED. After you have entered
a variable type, you will be asked if you wish to append a comment
to the line on which the variable is declared. If so, type in the comment,
but don't
make it long - you have some 40 characters, or so, to work with, here.
.BLANK 1
On the other hand, if the variable has not been declared,
the menu of declaration types will be presented, and you can proceed
in a similar fashion in declaring the item.

.! ------------------------
.! Word Processing Features
.! ------------------------

.CHAPTER Word Processing Features
.HEADER LEVEL Tabs
Tabs are an editor writer's nightmare. They cause all kinds of headaches
because they don't maintain the rule of one character, one position on
the screen. This results in the dizzy zig-zagging seen as you move
the cursor down through text which holds imbedded tabs.
.BLANK 1
They cause other people migraines,
too, especially when it comes to printing
a carefully indented subject on a printer which has different tab stops...
.BLANK 1
As an alternative to tabs (which are known in this manual as real tabs),
EDTEM offers you a no tab mode, one which simulates tab stops and tabs,
but uses spaces as the place holders.
.BLANK 1
There are two immediate advantages to this method:
.LIST
.LIST ELEMENT; The abrupt lateral moves of the cursor are greatly
reduced as you scroll it around a buffer
.LIST ELEMENT; The finished product is more transportable. Printers
(or other CRTs with different tab stops) will all have the same view
of the text.
.END LIST
There are a few disadvantages, too:
.LIST
.LIST ELEMENT; A file using spaces as opposed to one employing real
tabs takes more disk space
.LIST ELEMENT; It takes longer to copy such a file (to either disk,
printer or terminal)
.LIST ELEMENT; Coders of modules using a language such as FORTRAN, which
allows only a certain number of columns for source statements (per line)
will run out of room more quickly (because a real tab consumes only
one column, while a simulated tab may take six or more columns).
.END LIST
Still, the advantages generally outweigh the disadvantages in many cases.
.HEADER LEVEL +1 Enabling Simulated Tab Mode
Enter the toggle
.BLANK 1
.INDENT +5
<gold><gold><gold>KP2
.BLANK 1
The pseudo word "notab" on the status line confirms that you are in
simulated (notab or space tab) mode. Repeat the sequence to return to
normal (real tab) mode.
.HEADER LEVEL  Modifying Simulated Tab Stops
Enter
.BLANK 1
.INDENT +5
<gold><gold><gold>KP1
.BLANK 1
You will see the current settings
(the stops are marked with a T). Use the left and right arrow keys
to position to desired locations. Pressing
.BLANK 1
.INDENT +5
<up arrow>
.BLANK 1
sets a tab stop, while pressing
.BLANK 1
.INDENT +5
<down arrow>
.BLANK 1
clears a tab stop.
.BLANK 1
Pressing any other key terminates the modification mode.
.HEADER LEVEL Establishing Default Custom Tab Stops
EDTEM will supply you with a standard set of simulated tab stop settings.
However, it is possible to instruct the editor to use your own, pre-defined
settings.
.BLANK 1
To do this, create a
single-line file called SYS$LOGIN:EDTEM__TAB__SETTINGS.TXT, and
place the capital letter "T" at each location where you desire to have
a tab stop.
.BLANK 1
Once this file is in place, EDTEM will use those settings as the default
when you are using "notab" (simulated tab) mode.
.BLANK 1
It is still possible to use the "factory" EDTEM simulated tab stop settings.
Just enter the toggle
.BLANK 1
.INDENT +5
<gold><gold><gold>COMMA
.BLANK 1
and the deed is done. Of course, you can get back to your settings
by entering that sequence, again.
.BLANK 1
Both sets of tab stops (yours and the factory default) can be modified
during the session (any changes won't be saved for the next session, though).
In case your memory is short, use
.BLANK 1
.INDENT +5
<gold><gold><gold>KP1
.BLANK 1
to modify either set.
.HEADER LEVEL Advancing By Simulated Tab Stop
EDTEM provides an analagous way of moving the cursor by tab stop (as opposed
to moving by word, for example). The movement is in the current direction.
To use, press
.BLANK 1
.INDENT +5
<ctrl>T
.BLANK 1
One use of this function would be to quickly check the relationship
of text in a buffer to tab stops.
.HEADER LEVEL -1 Setting Margins
The margins (left and right) are the driving force for several word
processing functions, including auto-wrapping, filling and justifying
text. EDTEM initiates a session by setting the margins to the boundaries
of the screen.
.BLANK 1
To change the value of the left margin, enter
.BLANK 1
.INDENT +5
<gold>>
.BLANK 1
The new amount must be greater than zero, and less than (or equal to)
the right margin's setting. The operation may be aborted by pressing
.BLANK 1
.INDENT +5
<return>
.BLANK 1
To change the value of the right margin, enter
.BLANK 1
.INDENT +5
<gold><
.BLANK 1
The new amount must be greater than (or equal to) the amount of the left margin,
and less than (or equal to) the width of the window.
The operation may be aborted by pressing
.BLANK 1
.INDENT +5
<return>
.HEADER LEVEL Auto Wrap
Normally, when you continue to type characters on a line beyond the edge
of the window,
the extended text does not automatically wrap around when it reaches
the edge of the window. (One usually sees the special "diamond", instead.)
.BLANK 1
The above default action can be changed by enabling auto-wrap.
In this mode, text is automatically wrapped from the right margin boundary
around to the left margin boundary (as soon as a new word is begun, or
the user presses <return>).
.BLANK 1
To enable auto-wrap mode, enter
.BLANK 1
.INDENT +5
<gold><gold><gold>KP6
.BLANK 1
The status line reflects the presence of this mode with the word "wrap".
All buffers are affected by the mode when it is activated.
.BLANK 1
Enter the same keystroke, again, to disable the mode.
.HEADER LEVEL Filling And Justifying Text
DEC's EDT provided a means to fill blocks of text. That capability
is also provided by EDTEM, using the same series of keystrokes. For those
unfamilar with EDT's Fill operation, the steps are repeated, here:
.LIST
.LIST ELEMENT; Select the block of text by positioning the cursor to the
starting location and pressing
.BLANK 1
.INDENT +5
PERIOD
.LIST ELEMENT; Next, move the cursor so as to completely define the fill
range (it is the area in reverse video)
.LIST ELEMENT; Then, press
.BLANK 1
.INDENT +5
<gold>KP8
.BLANK 1
to invoke the fill operation
.END LIST
Notice that the text was filled to the boundaries specified by the
left and right margin settings.
.BLANK 1
The same basic steps apply to the next two functions.
.BLANK 1
To justify a block of text, first select the block (as was done in the
Fill operation), and then enter
.BLANK 1
.INDENT +5
<gold><gold><gold>KP8
.BLANK 1
to complete the operation.
Again, notice that the text was filled to the boundaries specified by the
left and right margin settings.
.BLANK 1
To combine the operations of filling and justifying text, first specify
the range, and then enter
.BLANK 1
.INDENT +5
<gold><gold><gold>KP7
.BLANK 1
It is best to use simulated tabs in conjunction
with filling and justifying text.
If actual tabs are in the specified range, the results may be unpredictable.
.HEADER LEVEL Spelling Checker
A basic spelling checker (if installed by the site manager) is available.
It allows the checking of user-specified
individual words, as well as text contained within a buffer.
Most of the logic for this feature came
(and was copied) from a DECUS submission by
Thomas Wolfe of Jet Propulsion Laboratory, with modification to allow
the checking of words from the prompt line (I also made it necessary to
prefix menu commands with a percent sign, so that individual words
could be specified).
.BLANK 1
To use, enter
.BLANK 1
.INDENT +5
<gold><gold>C
.BLANK 1
You may then either
.LIST
.LIST ELEMENT; Enter a word from the keyboard, or
.LIST ELEMENT; Specify a particular
action on the buffer by entering a percent sign, followed by the first
letter of a topic from the menu in the message window, or
.LIST ELEMENT; Press <return> to abort the operation
.END LIST
Refer to the submission by Mr. Wolfe to obtain more information on the
various capabilities presented by the checker (keeping in mind that
I added the word-check capability - all other features are from
Mr. Wolfe's submission).

.! ----------------------
.! Miscellaneous Features
.! ----------------------

.CHAPTER Miscellaneous Features
.HEADER LEVEL Inserting The Date
Enter
.BLANK 1
.INDENT +5
<gold><gold>D
.BLANK 1
and the current VMS date will be inserted (or overwritten, depending
on edit mode) at the current cursor position.
.HEADER LEVEL Inserting The Time
Enter
.BLANK 1
.INDENT +5
<gold><gold>T
.BLANK 1
and the current VMS time (HH:MM:SS) will be inserted (or overwritten, depending
on edit mode) at the current cursor position.
.HEADER LEVEL Quick Word Case Invert
Pressing
.BLANK 1
.INDENT +5
<ctrl>K
.BLANK 1
will cause the current (or previous) word's case to be inverted. This is
quite useful for those of us who forget that caps lock is still
on...
.HEADER LEVEL Transpose Characters
Pressing
.BLANK 1
.INDENT +5
<ctrl>G
.BLANK 1
will cause the positions of the last two typed characters to be swapped.
.HEADER LEVEL Learn Mode
It is possible for the user to instruct EDTEM to remember a series of
keystrokes, and to then have the editor replay those keystrokes at
the user's command.
.BLANK 1
To begin memorizing a sequence of keystrokes, you must enter what
is known as learn mode. To do so, press
.BLANK 1
.INDENT +5
<ctrl>R
.BLANK 1
EXACT mode uses the responses you answer to prompts to functions
within the learned sequence. For example, if your sequence includes
an invocation of the Find function (<gold>PF3), EDTEM will store
the answer you give. When you replay your keystrokes, the editor
will substitute your responses (instead of allowing you to
answer the prompts).
.BLANK 1
If you don't use EXACT mode, then as you replay the sequence, at
every prompt, EDTEM will let you provide the input.
.BLANK 1
So, enter
.BLANK 1
.INDENT +5
Y
.BLANK 1
to use the EXACT mode of replay, or enter
.BLANK 1
.INDENT +5
N
.BLANK 1
to allow yourself to answer the prompts as they come, or simply press
.BLANK 1
.INDENT +5
<return>
.BLANK 1
to abort the operation.
.BLANK 1
Assuming you didn't abort learn mode, EDTEM will now allow you to
enter any sequence of keystrokes (except the terminating keystroke).
To end the learning process, press the terminating keystroke
.BLANK 1
.INDENT +5
<ctrl>R
.BLANK 1
You will next be asked to specify a key, which if pressed, will execute
your learned sequence. This can be tough, as there just aren't many
non-gold keystrokes around that are not already bound by EDTEM. A few
that may be used are:
.BLANK 1
.LEFT MARGIN +5
<ctrl>_\
.BREAK
<ctrl>2
.BREAK
<ctrl>4
.BREAK
<ctrl>5
.BREAK
<ctrl>6
.BREAK
<ctrl>7
.LEFT MARGIN -5
.BLANK
If you attempt to use a key that is already defined, the editor will
allow you to change your mind. Normal typing keys and <gold> shifted
keys may not be bound.
.BLANK 1
The learned sequence can be cancelled before it is bound by pressing
.BLANK 1
.INDENT +5
<ctrl>Z
.BLANK 1
If you successfully bind a key to the sequence, EDTEM will give you
the opportunity to attach an optional function one-line description.
This description can later be displayed by invoking the key definition
help feature:
.BLANK 1
.INDENT +5
<gold>` (that is a backward tick mark)
.BLANK 1
Bound keys may be reprogrammed by simply invoking the learn function
and binding to the same key.
.BLANK 1
A learned sequence can be saved for use in a later session. To do this,
enter
.BLANK 1
.INDENT +5
<gold>| (vertical bar)
.BLANK 1
Execution of the above keystroke causes a private copy of EDTEM's
section file to be placed into your SYS$LOGIN directory. When you
invoke EDTEM in a subsequent session, a check is made for the
existence of SYS$LOGIN:EDTEM.TPU$SECTION. If that file is found,
it is used in place of the public copy.
.BLANK 1
From a system manager's viewpoint, I would recommend against using
this feature (it makes it harder to upgrade an editor when there are
private copies all over the place), but it is available, never the less.
.HEADER LEVEL Odds And Ends
Pressing
.BLANK 1
.INDENT +5
<ctrl>E
.BLANK 1
moves the cursor to the end of the current line. Repeated invocations
will not move the cursor to other lines (unlike KP2), thus more closely
mimicking the DCL keystroke. This function also works on input for
prompts.
.BLANK 1
.BLANK 1
Pressing
.BLANK 1
.INDENT +5
<ctrl>H (backspace)
.BLANK 1
moves the cursor to the beginning of the current line (works on prompts,
too). If the cursor was already at the beginning of the line, it is
placed at the beginning of the previous line.
.BLANK 1
.BLANK 1
Pressing
.BLANK 1
.INDENT +5
<ctrl>J (line feed)
.BLANK 1
deletes the previous word (works on prompts, too).
.BLANK 1
.BLANK 1
Pressing
.BLANK 1
.INDENT +5
<ctrl>L
.BLANK 1
inserts a form feed character into the current buffer at
the current cursor position.
.BLANK 1
.BLANK 1
Pressing
.BLANK 1
.INDENT +5
<ctrl>U
.BLANK 1
deletes all charactes from the beginning of the line to the cursor
position (works on prompts, too).
.BLANK 1
.BLANK 1
Pressing
.BLANK 1
.INDENT +5
<gold>
.BLANK 1
followed by a number (such as 12), and then finishing with a defined
keystroke (such as <up arrow>), will result in the finishing keystroke
being repeated the entered number's times (in the example, the <up arrow>
keystroke would be executed 12 times).
.BLANK 1
It is also possible to repeat a character in a similar fashion. In this
case, press
.BLANK 1
.INDENT +5
<gold>
.BLANK 1
and the repeat factor, followed by
.BLANK 1
.INDENT +5
ENTER
.BLANK 1
and then the character to be repeated. Terminate the sequence with
.BLANK 1
.INDENT +5
<return>
.BLANK 1
.BLANK 1
The editing keypad of a VT200 series keyboard is mapped to commonly
used functions:
.BLANK 1
.LEFT MARGIN +5
Find is mapped to <gold>PF3
.BLANK 1
Insert Here is mapped to the paste function (<gold>KP6)
.BLANK 1
Remove is mapped to the cut function (KP6)
.BLANK 1
Select is mapped to PERIOD.
.BLANK 1
Prev Screen is mapped to KP8 with a direction of REVERSE temporarily
in effect
.BLANK 1
Next Screen is mapped to KP8 with a direction of FORWARD temporarily
in effect
.LEFT MARGIN -5
.BLANK 1
.BLANK 1
Pressing
.BLANK 1
.INDENT +5
<gold><left arrow>
.BLANK 1
will cause the screen to scroll 32 columns to the left.
.BLANK 1
.BLANK 1
Pressing
.BLANK 1
.INDENT +5
<gold><right arrow>
.BLANK 1
will cause the screen to scroll 32 columns to the right.
.BLANK 1
.BLANK 1
Pressing
.BLANK 1
.INDENT +5
<gold><space>
.BLANK 1
will clear the message window.
.BLANK 1
.BLANK 1
Pressing
.BLANK 1
.INDENT +5
<ctrl>W
.BLANK 1
will cause the entire screen to be refreshed.
.APPENDIX Shift Level 0 Keypad Key Definitions
.LITERAL
    +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+
    | Gold            | Help            | Find Next       | Delete Line     |
    |                 |                 |                 |                 |
    |              PF1|              PF2|              PF3|              PF4|
    +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+
    +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+
    | Next / Previous | Next / Previous | Cut and Append  | Delete Word     |
    |      Page       |     Section     |                 |                 |
    |                7|                8|                9|                -|
    +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+
    | Set Direction   | Set Direction   | Cut             | Delete Character|
    |    Forward      |    Reverse      |                 |                 |
    |                4|                5|                6|                ,|
    +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+
    | Advance by Word | End of Line     | Advance by      | Auto Scroll     |
    |                 |                 |  Character      |                 |
    |                1|                2|                3|                 |
    +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+                 |
    |                                   |                 |                 |
    | Advance by Line                   | Select Range    |                 |
    |                                  0|                .|            ENTER|
    +-----------------------------------+-----------------+-----------------+
.END LITERAL
.APPENDIX Shift Level 1 Keypad Key Definitions
.LITERAL
    +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+
    | Gold            | Help            | Find            | Undelete Line   |
    |                 |                 |                 |                 |
    |              PF1|              PF2|              PF3|              PF4|
    +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+
    +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+
    | TPU Command     | Fill            | Replace         | Undelete Word   |
    |                 |                 |                 |                 |
    |                7|                8|                9|                -|
    +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+
    |     Go To       |      Go To      | Paste           | Undelete        |
    | Top of Buffer   | Bottom of Buffer|                 | Character       |
    |                4|                5|                6|                ,|
    +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+
    | Invert Case     | Delete to       | Insert Character| Replace and     |
    |                 | End of Line     | by ASCII Code   | Find Next       |
    |                1|                2|                3|                 |
    +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+                 |
    | Open New Line                     | Reset           |                 |
    |                                   |                 |                 |
    |                                  0|                .|            ENTER|
    +-----------------------------------+-----------------+-----------------+
.END LITERAL
.APPENDIX Shift Level 2 Keypad Key Definitions
.LITERAL
    +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+
    | Gold            | Help            | Visit Windows   | Remove Window   |
    |                 |                 |                 |                 |
    |              PF1|              PF2|              PF3|              PF4|
    +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+
    +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+
    | Go To Buffer    |     Go To       | Remember        | Go To           |
    |                 | Previous Buffer | Current         | Previous        |
    |                7|                8| Position       9| Position       -|
    +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+
    | Create Window   |    Go To        | Show Buffers    | Go To           |
    |                 | Main Buffer     |                 | Beginning       |
    |                4|                5|                6| Of Line        ,|
    +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+
    | Toggle Between  | Display Window  | Compile Buffer  | Go To           |
    | Smooth / Jump   | Using Full      |                 | Flagged         |
    | Scroll Modes   1| Screen         2|                3| Buffer          |
    +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+                 |
    | Re-Compute Window Sizes           | Reset           |                 |
    |                                   |                 |                 |
    |                                  0|                .|            ENTER|
    +-----------------------------------+-----------------+-----------------+
.END LITERAL
.APPENDIX Shift Level 3 Keypad Key Definitions
.LITERAL
    +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+
    | Gold            | Help            | String / Pattern|                 |
    |                 |                 | Buffer Search   |                 |
    |              PF1|              PF2| Summary      PF3|              PF4|
    +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+
    +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+
    | Fill            | Justify         | Mark Current    | Go To           |
    | and             | Selected        | Position with   | User Label      |
    | Justify Text   7| Text           8| User Label     9| Position       -|
    +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+
    | Toggle Between  | Source Shift    | Toggle          | Toggle Between  |
    | Normal and      |                 | Auto-Wrap Mode  | Tab Stop Sets   |
    | Free Cursor    4|                5|                6|                ,|
    +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+
    | Set / Clear     | Toggle Real or  | Toggle Regular  | Translate       |
    |  Tab Stops      | Space Tab Mode  | or Auto-Indent  | Non-Printable   |
    |                1|                2| Tab Mode       3| Characters Into |
    +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ Visible         |
    | Convert Real Tabs to Spaces       | Reset           | Characters      |
    |                                   |                 |                 |
    |                                  0|                .|            ENTER|
    +-----------------------------------+-----------------+-----------------+
.END LITERAL
.APPENDIX Command Summary
.LITERAL
                         Keyboard
                         --------

Quit the editing session without saving changes.........<gold> Q
Exit the editing session, saving all changes............<gold> E
Exit the editing session, saving all changes............<ctrl> Z
Return to parent process (subprocess mode, only)........<gold> X
Issue an inline DCL command.............................<gold> D
Toggle between normal (80) and wide (132) column modes..<gold> <ctrl> W
Toggle between insert and overstrike modes..............<ctrl> A
Display active buffers with count of mapped windows.....<gold> S
Show current cursor statistics..........................<gold> <gold> S
Go to specified line within current buffer..............<gold> <gold> L
Go to specified buffer..................................<gold> B
Go to flagged buffer or include flagged file............<gold> F
Go to the main editing buffer...........................<gold> M
Go to the previously active buffer......................<gold> L
Create a scratch buffer.................................<gold> <ctrl> B
Duplicate contents of current buffer into new buffer....<gold> <gold> M
Remember current position within buffer.................<gold> [
Return to remembered position within buffer.............<gold> ]
Read a file into a new buffer...........................<gold> I
Read a file into the current buffer at current line.....<gold> <ctrl> I
Redefine the output file/device of the current buffer...<gold> T
Toggle buffer output status modes (readonly, write).....<gold> O
Replace the current buffer's text module into library...<gold><gold> O
Write the selected range to a device or file............<gold> P
Create and map a window to the current buffer...........<gold> C
Display current buffer using full screen................<gold> G
Adjust the top and bottom limits of the current window..<gold> A
Set left margin of current window.......................<gold> >
Set right margin of current window......................<gold> <
Step through the visible windows........................<gold> W
Delete the current window...............................<gold> U
Construct a special-purpose marker......................<gold> V
Remove a special-purpose marker.........................<gold> <ctrl> V
Enable limited column search mode.......................<gold> <gold> V
Cut a marked rectangle..................................<gold> K
Paste a rectangle into the current buffer...............<gold> <ctrl> K
Clear the message window................................<gold> <space>
Sequential queried search and replace...................<gold> R
Resume sequential queried search and replace............<gold> <ctrl> R
Toggle between application and numeric keypad modes.....<gold> N
Spawn subprocess with optional one-shot command.........<gold> +
Define user functions (learn mode)......................<ctrl> R
Describe function of mapped key (in one line)...........<gold> `
Save current function key definitions (user private)....<gold> |
Trim trailing blanks and tabs from current line.........<gold> }
Trim trailing blanks and tabs from current buffer.......<gold> {
Clean the current buffer of common non-printables chars.<gold><gold>K
Auto scroll.............................................ENTER
Display ruler...........................................<gold> \
Insert ruler............................................<gold> /
Toggle auto dollar insertion mode (.COM files, only)....<gold> $
In-line compile (/NOOBJ) current buffer's source........<gold> ?
Declare a variable within context of source language....<gold> <ctrl> D
Transpose last two characters...........................<ctrl> G
Toggle between normal and brief status line modes.......<ctrl> B
Frame a comment (according to language).................<ctrl> F
Align/re-frame a comment block (according to language)..<gold> <ctrl> F
Invert case sense of previous or current word...........<ctrl> K
Indent according to previous line (insert below line)...<ctrl> N
Indent according to previous line (insert above line)...<ctrl> P
Position to next tab stop (space tab mode, only)........<ctrl> T
Insert the date at the current location.................<gold><gold> D
Insert the time (standard) at the current location......<gold><gold> T
Toggle between normal and workstation scroll modes......<gold><gold><gold> S
Position to end of current line (direction independent).<ctrl> E
Position to beginning of current line...................<ctrl> H
Delete current/previous word............................<ctrl> J
Insert a form feed at the current cursor position.......<ctrl> L
Delete from cursor to beginning of current line.........<ctrl> U
Refresh screen..........................................<ctrl> W

                         Keypad
                         ------

<gold>..................................................PF1
Keypad level 0 help.....................................PF2
Find next occurence of loaded search string.............PF3
Delete current line (and its terminator)................PF4

Position to next page (looks for a form feed or eob)....KP7
Scroll a section of text................................KP8
Cut and append selected range to PASTE buffer...........KP9
Delete word.............................................MINUS

Set current direction to FORWARD........................KP4
Set current direction to REVERSE........................KP5
Cut and move selected range to cleared PASTE buffer.....KP6
Delete character........................................COMMA

Move to next word.......................................KP1
Move to end of line.....................................KP2
Move to next character..................................KP3

Move to next line.......................................KP0
Initiate selection of range.............................PERIOD
Auto scroll text........................................ENTER

Keypad level 1 help.....................................<gold> PF2
Find string.............................................<gold> PF3
Restore line previously deleted with PF4................<gold> PF4

Execute a TPU command...................................<gold> KP7
Fill the selected range of text.........................<gold> KP8
Replace located search string with PASTE buffer text....<gold> KP9
Restore word previously deleted with MINUS..............<gold> MINUS

Go to bottom of current buffer..........................<gold> KP4
Go to top of current buffer.............................<gold> KP5
Paste text in PASTE buffer..............................<gold> KP6
Restore character previously deleted with COMMA.........<gold> COMMA

Inverted the case of the selected range of text.........<gold> KP1
Delete from cursor to end of current line...............<gold> KP2
Insert character specified by <gold>ASCII number........<gold> KP3

Open a new (empty) line.................................<gold> KP0
Cancel the select range action / reset..................<gold> PERIOD
Replace matched string with PASTE buffer & locate next..<gold> ENTER

Keypad level 2 help.....................................<gold><gold> PF2
Step through the mapped windows.........................<gold><gold> PF3
Delete the current window...............................<gold><gold> PF4

Go to specified buffer..................................<gold><gold> KP7
Go to the previously active buffer......................<gold><gold> KP8
Remember current position within current buffer.........<gold><gold> KP9
Return to remembered position within current buffer.....<gold><gold> MINUS

Create and map a window to the current buffer...........<gold><gold> KP4
Go to the main editing buffer...........................<gold><gold> KP5
Display active buffers with count of mapped windows.....<gold><gold> KP6
Go to beginning of line.................................<gold><gold> COMMA

Toggle between smooth and jump scroll modes.............<gold><gold> KP1
Display current buffer using full screen................<gold><gold> KP2
In-line compile (/NOOBJ) current buffer's source........<gold><gold> KP3

Re-allocate window sizes................................<gold><gold> KP0
Cancel the select range action / reset..................<gold><gold> PERIOD
Go to flagged buffer or include flagged file............<gold><gold> ENTER

Keypad level 3 help.....................................<gold><gold><gold> PF2
String / pattern buffer search summary..................<gold><gold><gold> PF3

Fill and justify (between current margin settings)......<gold><gold><gold> KP7
Justify selected range (between current margin settings)<gold><gold><gold> KP8
Mark user-labeled position (marker).....................<gold><gold><gold> KP9
Position to user-labeled marker.........................<gold><gold><gold> MINUS

Toggle between normal and free cursor movement modes....<gold><gold><gold> KP4
Execute a source shift between tab stops................<gold><gold><gold> KP5
Toggle between normal and auto-wrap modes...............<gold><gold><gold> KP6
Toggle between default and user-specified tab stop sets.<gold><gold><gold> COMMA

Set / clear tab stops...................................<gold><gold><gold> KP1
Toggle between real and space tabs modes................<gold><gold><gold> KP2
Toggle between normal and auto-indent tab mode..........<gold><gold><gold> KP3

Convert current buffer source from real to space tabs...<gold><gold><gold> KP0
Translate non-printables in current buffer..............<gold><gold><gold> ENTER
.END LITERAL