% VAX-11 Librarian V04-00HPQ###5 ADDALPHAnASCII $BINARYCbuffers ZCHANGEfCUThDATE DIFFERENCESdEBCDICEOFEXITFFILEGETHEXbIBYTE!ILONGIWORD&VLAST%vLGLOBAL#LOCATE)MOVE'MULTI*NEXT,2PASTEF positioningHpromptK@range.RECORD1REWIND1xSET?"SHOWOsignonA~TOPBWRITE@<1 ALPHALThe ALPHA command is used to display in either ASCII or EBCDIC depending onLthe current SET CHARSET mode. Operation is identical to the ASCII andBEBCDIC commands in all other respects. The default mode is ASCII.Format: A(LPHA)[/P(ASTE)] [range]6 See ASCII or EBCDIC for parameter specification.wwV1 ASCIILThe ASCII command is used to display the contents of the current bufferL(plus following blocks, if specified)  in ASCII. Non-printing characters areLshown as periods. There are 64 or 96 characters/line. Output is aligned onquadword boundaries.Format: AS(CII)[/P(ASTE)] [range]L [range] must begin within the limits of the current buffer. If itL overflows beyond the current buffer, subsequent blocks are dumped, and4 the user is positioned at the last block read.J If [range] is omitted, the current buffer is dumped in its entirety.L If the /PASTE qualifier is used, the paste buffer is displayed. InL this case, [range] must not overflow the size of the paste buffer. If4 omitted, the entire paste buffer is displayed.ww 1 ADDLThe ADD command is used to add one or more signed numbers (longwords) andLdisplay the result in decimal and hex. The numbers can be given in hex,Ldecimal, or octal. Decimal output is normally signed unless the SET NOSIGNcommand has been given.Format:& AD(D) number1[,numb er2,...,numbern]L [number] can optionally have a leading + or - sign and can have one of% the following formats: nnnnnnnnn - Decimal 0nnnnnnnnnn - OctalK Hnnnnnnnn - Hex ("H" must be used regardless of the current radix)ww,1 BINARYLThis command is used to display the contents of the current buffer (plusLfollowing blocks, if specified) in binary format. There are 8 or 12Fbytes/line. Output is nonaligned  (starts at the first address given).Format: B(INARY)[/P(ASTE)] [range]L [range] must begin within the limits of the current buffer. If itL overflows beyond the current buffer, subsequent blocks are dumped, and4 the user is positioned at the last block read.J If [range] is omitted, the current buffer is dumped in its entirety.L If the /PASTE qualifier is used, the paste buffer is displayed. InL this case, [range] must not overflow the size of the paste buffer. If4 omitted, the entire paste buffer is displayed.ww o1 CHANGELThe CHANGE command is used to modify the current buffer. (This does notLalter the file unless the WRITE command is used with the changed buffer).CIf the change-string would overflow the buffer, nothing is changed.# C(HANGE) [begin[,change-string]]L [begin] if numeric, is the first byte to change. An asterisk (*) canL be used if the current buffe r contains a found target of aH previous LOCATE, in which case the target address is used.< [change-string] can have one of the following formats:L nnnnn - Unsigned hex string of numbers. These are placed in theL buffer in the order given, right-justified to the nearestL byte. Any number of leading zeroes and up to 8 significant$ digits may be used. +nnnnL -nnnn - Signed decimal. Can be byte,  word, or longword. ContextL is determined by the size of the number, including leading= zeroes. Stored in normal (reversed) format.L "xxx" - Character string. Single or double quotes are permitted.L The character set used is specified by SET CHARSET. ASCII1 is assumed if none is specified.L If [change-string] is omitted, the previous change string is used. IfL both parameters are omitted, the previous string is used at the last5 found target address within the current buffer.ww1 CUTLThe CUT command copies all or part of the current buffer into the pasteLbuffer. This is secondary buffer which can be recopied into the currentLbuffer at any time via the PASTE command or compared with it via the<DIFFERENCES command. See HELP BUFFERS for more information.Format: CU(T) [range]L [range] must be entirely within the current  buffer. If only theL beginning byte is specified, that address thru the end of the currentL buffer is copied. If [range] is omitted, the entire contents of the current buffer are copied.L Data within the paste buffer always begins at byte 0. The range usedL with the last CUT command is saved, however, and used as a default for: subsequent uses of the data (DIFFERENCES and PASTE).ww@z 1 DIFFERENCESLThis command compares all or par t of the paste buffer, beginning at theLfirst byte, with the specified range within the current buffer. IfLdifferences are found, the contents of the current buffer are printed (inLhex) with the corresponding contents of the paste buffer directly below. 32Lor 48 sequential bytes are displayed per line. Matching paste buffer bytesIon the second line are displayed as periods. Output is longword-aligned.Format: D(IFFERENCES) [range]L [range] must be entirely  within the current buffer. If only theL beginnning byte is specified, the comparison count defaults to theL smaller of the paste buffer size or the remaining bytes of the current buffer.L If [range] is omitted, the range given with the last CUT command which/ moved data into the paste buffer is used.ww(1 DATELThe DATE command displays one or more sequential quadwords from the currentLbuffer in system date format. Only date values which exist entirely withinthe buffer can be displayed.Format: DA(TE)[/P(ASTE)] rangeL The beginning byte of [range] must be specified. If no count or= ending byte is given, a single date value is displayed.L If the /PASTE qualifier is given, data from the paste buffer is displayed.ww@1 EBCDICLThe EBCDIC command is used to display the contents of the current bufferL(plus following blocks, if specified) in EBCDIC. Non-printing charactersLare shown as periods. There are 64 or 96 characters/line. Output isaligned on quadword boundaries.Format: EB(CDIC)[/P(ASTE)] [range]L [range] must begin within the limits of the current buffer. If itL overflows beyond the current buffer, subsequent blocks are dumped, and4 the user is positioned at the last block read.J If [range] is omitted, the current buffer is dumped in its entirety.L If the /PASTE qualifier is used, the paste buffer is displayed. InL this case, [range] must not overflow the size of the paste buffer. If4 omitted, the entire paste buffer is displayed.ww x1 EOFLThis command is useful when editing most VMS files. The software EOF blockLand EOF byte are displayed and the user is positioned at the EOF block.KWhen editing devices, this command does the same thing as the LAST command.Format: EO(F)ww1 EXIT The EXIT command terminates VFE.Format: E(XIT)ww&1 FILECThis command specifies the name of the next file or device to edit.Format: F(ILE) [name][/qualifier(s)]LIf the file name is not given on the command line, it is solicited. At thisLpoint the previous file is closed and the new file is opened for edit. If aLVMS disk file name is given, the user is positioned at virtual block 1 of?the new file and its contents are read into the current buff er.LIf a disk device is specified, the user is positioned at logical block 0.3LOG_IO privilege is required to edit a disk device.LIf a tape device is specified, the tape is rewound and the user is posi-Itioned at the first block of the tape. The tape must be mounted FOREIGN. 2 /NOREWINDJThis qualifier can be used to specify that the tape being edited shouldJnot be rewound. A single read operation is performed at the current tape-position and the block number is set to zero. 2 /OVERRIDEJThis qualifier is used to override a file interlock when editing a VMS9disk file. It cannot be used in conjunction with /WRITE. 2 /POSITIONJThis qualifier is used to pre-specify a tape position. The /NOREWINDAqualifier is assumed when /POSITION is given when editing a tape. /POSITION=([file:]block)< [file] is optional. If not given, it defaults to one.J [block] must be specified. The tape is backspaced one block and aJ single read is done. In this way, the tape remains positioned atJ the same location as it was before. When editing a tape that wasJ previously examined with VFE and the position is unchanged, use theD same file and block numbers that were last shown for the tape.= Parenthesis are used only if both parameters are given.2 /WRITEJThis qualifier allows subsequent use of the WRITE command. If not givenJwhen the file is opened, the file will be in read-only mode and no changesJ will be allowed. Only VMS disk files and disk devices which are mountedJFOREIGN can be modified with VFE. Tapes and XQP-managed disk devices canJonly be edited in read-only mode. Use of the /OVERRIDE qualifier is not!allowed when /WRITE is specified.ww/61 GETLFor disk files or devices, this command reads one or more blocks (dependingLon the setting of SET BUFF) into the current buffer, beginning at the blockLspecified, and positions the user at that block. If the block selected isLoutside the limits of the current file, the user will be left positioned atLthe same block and the current buffer will remain unaffected. For tapeLfiles, the read will always be attempted. Tape movement stops when anKend-of-file mark is encountered in either the forward or reverse direction.Format: G(ET) block. [block] is specified in decimal numeric.4See HELP POSITIONING for an abbreviated form of GET.ww`:1 HEXLTh e HEX command is used to display the contents of the current buffer (plusLfollowing blocks, if specified) in hexadecimal. There are 32 or 48Lbytes/line. Display output is aligned on longword boundaries. Bytes areHdumped in the order in which they occur in the file, from left to right.Format: H(EX)[/P(ASTE)] [range]L [range] must begin within the limits of the current buffer. If itL overflows beyond the current buffer, subsequent blocks are dumped, and4  the user is positioned at the last block read.J If [range] is omitted, the current buffer is dumped in its entirety.L If the /PASTE qualifier is used, the paste buffer is displayed. InL this case, [range] must not overflow the size of the paste buffer. If4 omitted, the entire paste buffer is displayed.ww@W?1 IBYTELThis command is used to display the contents of the current buffer (plusLfollowing blocks, if specified) in integer byte format. Values are signedLunless the SET NOSIGN command has been given. There are 16 or 24Fbytes/line. Output is nonaligned (starts at the first address given).Format: I(BYTE)[/P(ASTE)] [range]L [range] must begin within the limits of the current buffer. If itL overflows beyond the current buffer, subsequent blocks are dumped, and4 the user is positioned at the last block read.J If [range] is omitted, the current buffer is dumped in its entir ety.L If the /PASTE qualifier is used, the paste buffer is displayed. InL this case, [range] must not overflow the size of the paste buffer. If4 omitted, the entire paste buffer is displayed.wwqE1 IWORDLThis command is used to display the contents of the current buffer (plusLfollowing blocks, if specified) in integer word format. Values are signedLunless the SET NOSIGN command has been given. There are 8 or 16 words/line.LWords are displaye!d in normal (reverse) order - the first byte of each42-byte word pair is assumed to be least significant.Format: IW(ORD)[/P(ASTE)] [range]L [range] must begin within the limits of the current buffer. If itL overflows beyond the current buffer, subsequent blocks are dumped, andL the user is positioned at the last block read. Words which span" blocks are printed normally.J If [range] is omitted, the current buffer is dumped in its entirety. "L If the /PASTE qualifier is used, the paste buffer is displayed. InL this case, [range] must not overflow the size of the paste buffer. If4 omitted, the entire paste buffer is displayed.wwj1 ILONGLThis command is used to display the contents of the current buffer (plusLfollowing blocks, if specified) in integer longword format. Values areLsigned unless the SET NOSIGN command has been given. There are 4 or 8Llongwords/line. Longword #s are displayed in normal (reverse) order - theFfirst byte of each 4-byte longword is assumed to be least significant.Format: IL(ONG)[/P(ASTE)] [range]L [range] must begin within the limits of the current buffer. If itL overflows beyond the current buffer, subsequent blocks are dumped, andL the user is positioned at the last block read. Longwords which span" blocks are printed normally.J If [range] is omitted, the current buffer is dumped in its$ entirety.L If the /PASTE qualifier is used, the paste buffer is displayed. InL this case, [range] must not overflow the size of the paste buffer. If4 omitted, the entire paste buffer is displayed.ww@+p1 LOCATELThis command is used to find the next occurrence of a target string or$number within the file being edited. L(OCATE) [target]L [target] is the target string or number. If not specified, theK previous targ %et is used. The following formats are allowed:L nnnnn - Unsigned hex string of numbers. These are searched for inL the order given, right-justified to the nearest byte. AnyL number of leading zeroes and up to 8 significant digits may be used. +nnnnL -nnnn - Signed decimal. Can be byte, word, or longword. ContextL is determined by the size of the number, including leadingG zer &oes. Searched for in normal (l.s. to m.s.) format.L "xxx" - Character string. Single or double quotes are permitted.L The character set used is specified by SET CHARSET. ASCIIL is the default. String locate operations are caseH sensitive unless the SET NOCASE command has been given.wwSy 1 LGLOBALLThis command finds all of the remaining occurrences of the target number or$string within the file being' edited.Format: LG(LOBAL) [target]3 [target] is specified exactly as with LOCATE.L When an entire disk file or device has been searched, the user isL repositioned at the block where the search began. When using tape,C the position is left at the last block within a logical file.ww@1 LASTLThis command positions the user at the highest allocated block of the file.LDue to minimum extent granularity, this may be higher than th(e last blockLcurrently storing user data. As a result, its contents may be meaningless -6this should not be taken as a sign of file corruption.LWhen using tape, the user is positioned at the last block within the current logical file.Format: LA(ST)wwຮ1 MULTILThis command is used to display the contents of the current buffer (plusLfollowing blocks, if specified) in hex and character format. The characterLset used is determined by SET CHARSET (ASCII i)s the default). Non-printingLcharacters are shown as periods. There are 32 or 48 bytes displayed perLline, with the hex values displayed beneath and aligned with the characters.)Output is aligned on longword boundaries.Format: M(ULTI)[/P(ASTE)] [range]L [range] must begin within the limits of the current buffer. If itL overflows beyond the current buffer, subsequent blocks are dumped, and4 the user is positioned at the last block read.J If [range]* is omitted, the current buffer is dumped in its entirety.L If the /PASTE qualifier is used, the paste buffer is displayed. InL this case, [range] must not overflow the size of the paste buffer. If4 omitted, the entire paste buffer is displayed.ww$1 MOVELThis command moves a tape in the forward or reverse direction past a&specified number of end-of-file marks.Format: MO(VE) [offset]L [offset] is a decimal numeric with optiona +l + or - sign. If omitted,L the number one (1) is assumed, which will position forward toL the next end-of-file mark on the tape. Reverse direction is. indicated by a negative offset.ww@1 NEXTLThis command positions the user to a block with a relative offset to theLcurrent block. Contents of the requested block or blocks, depending on theLsetting of SET BUFF, are read into the current buffer. When using tape,Ltape ,movement stops when an end-of-file marker is encountered prior tolocating the requested block.Format: N(EXT) [offset]L [offset] is a decimal numeric with optional + or - sign. If omitted,L the number one (1) is assumed, which will position to the= block immediately following the current block.LWhen editing a disk file or device, the value of [offset] is usually/multiplied by the value determined by SET BUFF.3See HELP POSIT -IONING for abbreviated forms of NEXT.ww1 PASTELThe PASTE command writes all or part of the paste buffer to the currentLbuffer. File positioning is not affected, and if a WRITE command is issuedLbefore another command causes a read, the positioned block(s) within theLfile will be overwritten. Judicious use of the CUT and PASTE commands canLbe used to transfer "chunks" of data within a single file or group of files.5EXTREME CAUTION is advised for users of th.is command!Format: P(ASTE) [range]L Data is transferred sequentially from the first byte of the pasteL buffer into the specified area of the current buffer. [range] must beL entirely within the current buffer. If a range exceeds the size ofL the paste buffer, the remainder is zero-filled. If it is smaller,+ only that many bytes are transferred.L If only the beginning byte of [range] is given, the transfer count isL taken to b /e the size of the paste buffer. If [range] is omittedB entirely, the range given with the last CUT command is used.K The size of the current buffer is never changed by the PASTE command.wwJ1 RECORDLThe RECORD command is used to display one or more records of a sequentialLfile in character format, as determined by SET CHARSET. ASCII is theLdefault. Nonprinting characters are printed as periods. The file can beLeither fixed, variable, or V 0FC formatted. There are two display modes, asdetermined by SET HEADER. R(ECORD) [begin][,count]L [begin] for fixed length records is the byte offset within the currentL buffer of the first record to print. For variable/VFC records, it isL the address of the record length word for that record. Since all rec-I ords begin on a word boundary, if [begin] is odd, it will round up.L If [begin] is omitted and the user is positioned at the same blockL 1where a previous RECORD command was given, the address of theL following record is used. Otherwise, if [begin] is omitted, theL current buffer is searched for the first likely record start addressL and that is used. (This process is not 100% accurate, but works well with short records.)L [count] is the count of records to be printed. If [count] and/or theL record lengths are sufficiently large, processing may continue intoL blocks f2ollowing the current buffer. When processing is completed,L the user is positioned at the last block read. If not specified,2 [count] defaults to the previous value used.ww1 REWINDLThis command rewinds the tape being edited and positions the user at thefirst block of the first file.Format: RE(WIND)ww`1 SET?This command is used to set/clear various modes and indicators.2 BUFFJThis option determines the size of 3 the current buffer for disk operations.Format: S(ET) B(UFF)=countJ The [count] parameter is a decimal numeric in the range of 1-50 andJ must be specified. This determines the block count for each readJ operation. Large buffer sizes can be used to transfer data thatJ crosses block boundaries with CUT and PASTE, and to compare largeJ areas with the DIFFERENCES command. The default value of [count] isJ one (1), and it is recommended that t 4his value be used for most VFEJ operations. When a large buffer size is used, addressing isJ relative to the first block read, and this can be confusing whenJ data is displayed from subsequent blocks which reside in the same buffer.J Note that if [count] exceeds the block size of the current buffer,E the size will not be expanded until the next read is performed.J The setting of this parameter has no effect on the efficiency ofJ 5 LOCATE or LGLOBAL, which always use a 50-block buffer for disk searches.2 CASEJThis option determines whether character string search operations (LOCATE,JLGLOBAL) are case-sensitive. Case-sensitive searches require less thanJ50% of the CPU time required by case-insensitive searches. The defaultJmode is case-sensitive. Operation is valid for either supported characterset (ASCII or EBCDIC).Format: S(ET) [NO]C(ASE)> CASE mode is case-sensitive, NOCAS6E is case-insensitive. 2 CHARSETJThis option is used to determine the character set used for display,Cchange, and search operations. The default character set is ASCII.Format: S(ET) CH(ARSET)=A(SCII) =E(BCDIC) 2 DISPLAYJThis option is used to enable or disable local printing at the terminal.JThe standard mode is DISPLAY. If logging is enabled (see SET LOG) and theJSET NODISPLAY command has been given, only command solicitation andJsingle-line 7 output (such as error messages) is displayed at the terminal.-Other output is written only to the log file.Format: S(ET) [NO]DISPLAY2 HEADER=This option controls the output format of the RECORD command.Format: S(ET) [NO]H(EADER)J HEADER mode is the default. Each record is preceded by its startingJ address, and by up to 8 bytes of its VFC field (in hex) for VFCJ files. When a new block is read, the block number is shown, as forJ other dis 8play formats. Nonprinting characters are replaced with periods.J NOHEADER mode produces output similar to the VMS TYPE command.J Addresses, VFCs, and block numbers are suppressed. NonprintingJ characters are replaced with periods, except for tabs, which are1 replaced with the correct number of spaces.2 LOGJThis option is used to enable or disable logging of VFE output to a userJfile. All output and input is written to the file. The l9og file isDclosed when another SET LOG command is given or when VFE terminates.Formats: S(ET) L(OG)[=filename] S(ET) NOL(OG)J [filename] is any legitimate VAX file descriptor. Device andJ directory are optional. If this parameter is omittedJ entirely, the file VFE.LOG is created in the currentJ default directory. A new version is created each time- the SET LOG command is used. 2 POSITION:JThis option is used to change the indicated position of a tape file. ItJdoes not change the physical position of the tape or do any I/O to the tape device.Format:" S(ET) P(OSITION)=([file:]block)J [file] if specified, is a decimal numeric which replaces the current file number.J [block] is required. It is a decimal numeric, and replaces the# current block number.@ Parenthesis are used only if if both parameters are given.;2 RADIXJThis option determines the base of all byte addresses given on commandJlines and shown in display output. The [begin] and [end] fields of allJrange specifications and the [begin] field of the CHANGE command areJaffected. Block addresses and the [count] field of ranges are notJaffected - these are always input and displayed in decimal. The initialradix is DECIMAL.Format: S(ET) R(ADIX)=D(ECIMAL) =H(EX)2 SIGNJThis option is used <to enable or disable signed decimal output with theEADD, IBYTE, IWORD, and ILONG commands. The default mode is SET SIGN.Format: S(ET) [NO]S(IGN)2 SKIPJThis option can be used to compensate for a bug in VMS which causesJincorrect block indication when using tape files. It is known to occurJunder VMS 4.1 and 4.2 when using the TA78 tape drive. Simply put, when anJIO$_SKIPRECORD encounters an EOF mark, the number of blocks skipped beforeJthe EOF was found is not retur =ned in the IOSB. This means that if theJtape encounters an EOF while skipping in the forward direction and theJuser backs up over the EOF, the absolute block number is unknown. NoteJthat IO$_SKIPRECORD is only used with block positioning within a singleJfile (GET, NEXT, TOP, LAST, EOF). When using the MOVE command, thesetting of SKIP has no effect.Format: S(ET) SK(IP)=optionJ If [option] is NORMAL, VFE uses its standard skip-ahead count of upJ to > 50 blocks when skipping over blocks. When moving back over anJ EOF, block numbering can be unpredictable if operating on a system* and device on which this bug exists.J If [option] is FAST, the skip-ahead count is still up to 50 blocks,J but movement backwards over an EOF will set the block number to -1J and decrement from there if the bug could have caused erroneous position indication.J If [option] is SLOW, all skip-aheads are done one bl ?ock at a time.J This preserves position indication but operates considerably slower than either of the above.J In the hope that VFE will be around long after this bug is fixed,( the default SKIP option is NORMAL.2 WIDTHJThis option can be used to change the output width of the terminal onJwhich VFE is operating. Display output has a wide and a narrow setting,Jand the size is dependent on the terminal output width. Output to a logJfile when NODISPLA@Y is set, and all batch output, is always in wideJformat. If the width is changed during a VFE session, it is reset to the*original size when the session terminates.Format: S(ET) W(IDTH)=size> [size] is a decimal numeric and can be either 80 or 132.ww \1 SHOWLThe SHOW command is used to display various aspects of the current VFE environment.2 ALL7This displays all of the SHOW options with one command.Format: SH(OW) A(LL)2 CHAANGEJDisplays the current change-string, and most recently changed file, blockand byte address.Format: SH(OW) C(HANGE)2 DEVICEJDisplays the name of the file or device being edited, and current blocknumber. Same as SHOW FILE.Format: SH(OW) D(EVICE)2 FILEJDisplays the name of the file or device being edited, and current blocknumber.Format: SH(OW) F(ILE)2 LOCATEJDisplays the current locate target and most recently located file, block, and byteB address for the target.Format: SH(OW) L(OCATE)2 MODESJDisplays status of the SET modes (BUFF, CASE, CHARSET, DISPLAY, HEADER,LOG, RADIX, SIGN, SKIP, WIDTH).Format: SH(OW) M(ODES)2 PASTEJDisplays the size of the paste buffer, and the file, block, and offset$from which the data was transferred.Format: SH(OW) P(ASTE)wwwm1 TOPLThis command positions the user at the top of the file (virtual block 1).LThe contents of virtuCal block 1 are read into the current buffer (logicalLblock zero for disk devices). For tape, the tape is moved in reverse untilLan end-of-file mark is found and positioned directly following the EOF mark.Format: T(OP)ww r1 WRITELThis command writes the current buffer to the file block(s) at which theLuser is positioned. The current buffer will always contain the contents ofLthe positioned block(s) except when the CHANGE or PASTE commands have beenLusedD and no repositioning has occurred. The amount of data written dependsLon the size of the current buffer, which is usually 512 times the value?determined by SET BUFF. See HELP BUFFERS for more information.LThe WRITE command can only be used when editing disk files or FOREIGNLmounted disk devices, and only if the /WRITE qualifier was given when thefile or device was accessed.Format: W(RITE)wwv 1 buffers.VFE operates with two variable-length Ebuffers.L The CURRENT buffer is filled with the contents of the positioned block,L plus one or more following blocks if editing a disk file or device and ifL the SET BUFF value exceeds 1. The buffer is filled whenever a file isL initially opened for edit and whenever a read operation is performed onL the current file or device. Commands which always cause a read operationL are EOF, FILE, GET, LAST, MOVE, NEXT, REWIND, and TOP. (This happensL even if the same block Fis selected, as in NEXT 0). Commands which canL cause file reads if multiple blocks are processed are ALPHA, ASCII,L BINARY, EBCDIC, HEX, IBYTE, IWORD, ILONG, LOCATE, LGLOBAL, MULTI, andL RECORD. Contents of the current buffer can be modified with the CHANGEL and PASTE commands, and these modifications remain until the next readL operation. If a WRITE is done before the next read, the modifications0 are written to the file and become permanent.L The PASTE G buffer is user-controlled. It is filled by using the CUTL command. Unlike the current buffer, the paste buffer remains unalteredL when a read operation occurs or when a new file is edited. The pasteL buffer has two primary uses: First, to allow data to be compared withL the DIFFERENCES command, and second, to permit data to be transferred" within a file or between files.wwr 1 positioningLThe following sequences are abbreviated formats H of the GET and NEXTLcommands. They are useful for fast block positioning. Note that aLpositioning command will always cause the contents of the positioned,block(s) to be read into the current buffer.2 advances one block. Same as NEXT 1.2 + advances one block. Same as NEXT 1.3 - backs up one block. Same as NEXT -1.F [number] positions to the block specified. Same as GET [number].? +[number] advances [number] blocks. Same Ias NEXT [number].@ -[number] backs up [number] blocks. Same as NEXT -[number].@ In all cases above, [number] represents a decimal numeric.7See HELP PROMPT for information on position indication.ww1 promptLThe user prompt has several different formats, depending on the type of fileIor device being edited and on the SET BUFF value. The general format is: [file:]block[(size)]>L [file] represents the current logical file number and is alwa JysL present for tapes, never for disk. When the tape is rewound and theL file position is known, the first logical file is numbered 1 and theL number is increased each time an EOF mark is crossed. When the tapeC position is unknown, the file number can be zero or negative.L [block] is always present. For disk files, it represents the currentL VBN (virtual block number), for disk devices, the current LBN. ForL tape, it represents the logical Kblock number that has been mostL recently read within the current logical file. When the tape positionL is known, blocks begin at 1 with zero indicating that an EOF mark hasL just been crossed but no data has been read. When the tape position3 is unknown, the block number can go negative.L [size] is used to show the size of the current buffer. For disk, thisL indicator is omitted if the value of SET BUFF is one. In this case,L the current buffLer contains 512 bytes. For tape, this shows the sizeL of the block just read, and is always present except when the lastL tape positioning produced no data, as is the case when an EOF mark hasL been crossed or if the system returns an error status with zero bytes transferred.ww1 rangeLMany of the commands use a [range] specification. The format of the rangeis as follows: [begin][,count] or: [begin][:end]L [begin] specifieMs the address within the buffer of the first byte toL process. It is supplied in unsigned decimal or hex, depend-L ing on the setting of SET RADIX. The default is decimal.L [begin] must always be within the address range of the cur-L rent or paste buffer, whichever is being used in the command.G If not specified, [begin] defaults to the first byte (0).L [count] specifies the count of items to process. This N is the byteL count for all commands except for DATE, IWORD, and ILONG,L where it it the count of date quadwords, words, and longwords,L respectively. [count] is always specified in unsigned decimalL numeric. Some commands allow [begin+count] to exceed the* range of the current buffer.L [end] specifies the address of the last byte to process. It can beL supplied in unsigned decimal or hex, d Oepending on SET RADIX.L Decimal is the default. [count] and [end] cannot be usedL together on the same command. Some commands allow [end] to5 exceed the range of the current buffer.L If both [count] and [end] are omitted, a single item is processed,L except where indicated differently for specific commands. Most com-L mands allow [range] to be omitted entirely. See specific command) documentation for more inforPmation.wwH1 signonLIf you have the symbol VFE defined correctly as specified in the releaseCdocumentation, following is the full format of the signon sequence:3 $ VFE[/set-options] [filename][/file-qualifiers]L [set-options] are optional, and can be one or more of the valid SET+ options, less the SET command itself.L [filename] is the name of the file or device to edit. If not given on- the command line, it will be solicited.L  [file-qualifiers] are optional, and can be one or more of the options& described with the FILE command. For example:7 $ VFE/NOCASE/RADIX=HEX/LOG=FILEX.LOG FILEX.DAT/WRITEww