bash-1.14.3/ 775 436 0 0 5701352273 10577 5ustar chetwheelbash-1.14.3/COPYING 644 436 0 31206 5030235570 11725 0ustar chetwheel GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE Version 1, February 1989 Copyright (C) 1989 Free Software Foundation, Inc. 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies of this license document, but changing it is not allowed. The Free Software Foundation has exempted Bash from the requirement of Paragraph 2c of the General Public License. This is to say, there is no requirement for Bash to print a notice when it is started interactively in the usual way. We made this exception because users and standards expect shells not to print such messages. This exception applies to any program that serves as a shell and that is based primarily on Bash as opposed to other GNU software. Preamble The license agreements of most software companies try to keep users at the mercy of those companies. By contrast, our General Public License is intended to guarantee your freedom to share and change free software--to make sure the software is free for all its users. The General Public License applies to the Free Software Foundation's software and to any other program whose authors commit to using it. You can use it for your programs, too. When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom, not price. Specifically, the General Public License is designed to make sure that you have the freedom to give away or sell copies of free software, that you receive source code or can get it if you want it, that you can change the software or use pieces of it in new free programs; and that you know you can do these things. To protect your rights, we need to make restrictions that forbid anyone to deny you these rights or to ask you to surrender the rights. These restrictions translate to certain responsibilities for you if you distribute copies of the software, or if you modify it. For example, if you distribute copies of a such a program, whether gratis or for a fee, you must give the recipients all the rights that you have. You must make sure that they, too, receive or can get the source code. And you must tell them their rights. We protect your rights with two steps: (1) copyright the software, and (2) offer you this license which gives you legal permission to copy, distribute and/or modify the software. Also, for each author's protection and ours, we want to make certain that everyone understands that there is no warranty for this free software. If the software is modified by someone else and passed on, we want its recipients to know that what they have is not the original, so that any problems introduced by others will not reflect on the original authors' reputations. The precise terms and conditions for copying, distribution and modification follow. GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR COPYING, DISTRIBUTION AND MODIFICATION 0. This License Agreement applies to any program or other work which contains a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it may be distributed under the terms of this General Public License. The "Program", below, refers to any such program or work, and a "work based on the Program" means either the Program or any work containing the Program or a portion of it, either verbatim or with modifications. Each licensee is addressed as "you". 1. You may copy and distribute verbatim copies of the Program's source code as you receive it, in any medium, provided that you conspicuously and appropriately publish on each copy an appropriate copyright notice and disclaimer of warranty; keep intact all the notices that refer to this General Public License and to the absence of any warranty; and give any other recipients of the Program a copy of this General Public License along with the Program. You may charge a fee for the physical act of transferring a copy. 2. You may modify your copy or copies of the Program or any portion of it, and copy and distribute such modifications under the terms of Paragraph 1 above, provided that you also do the following: a) cause the modified files to carry prominent notices stating that you changed the files and the date of any change; and b) cause the whole of any work that you distribute or publish, that in whole or in part contains the Program or any part thereof, either with or without modifications, to be licensed at no charge to all third parties under the terms of this General Public License (except that you may choose to grant warranty protection to some or all third parties, at your option). c) If the modified program normally reads commands interactively when run, you must cause it, when started running for such interactive use in the simplest and most usual way, to print or display an announcement including an appropriate copyright notice and a notice that there is no warranty (or else, saying that you provide a warranty) and that users may redistribute the program under these conditions, and telling the user how to view a copy of this General Public License. d) You may charge a fee for the physical act of transferring a copy, and you may at your option offer warranty protection in exchange for a fee. Mere aggregation of another independent work with the Program (or its derivative) on a volume of a storage or distribution medium does not bring the other work under the scope of these terms. 3. You may copy and distribute the Program (or a portion or derivative of it, under Paragraph 2) in object code or executable form under the terms of Paragraphs 1 and 2 above provided that you also do one of the following: a) accompany it with the complete corresponding machine-readable source code, which must be distributed under the terms of Paragraphs 1 and 2 above; or, b) accompany it with a written offer, valid for at least three years, to give any third party free (except for a nominal charge for the cost of distribution) a complete machine-readable copy of the corresponding source code, to be distributed under the terms of Paragraphs 1 and 2 above; or, c) accompany it with the information you received as to where the corresponding source code may be obtained. (This alternative is allowed only for noncommercial distribution and only if you received the program in object code or executable form alone.) Source code for a work means the preferred form of the work for making modifications to it. For an executable file, complete source code means all the source code for all modules it contains; but, as a special exception, it need not include source code for modules which are standard libraries that accompany the operating system on which the executable file runs, or for standard header files or definitions files that accompany that operating system. 4. You may not copy, modify, sublicense, distribute or transfer the Program except as expressly provided under this General Public License. Any attempt otherwise to copy, modify, sublicense, distribute or transfer the Program is void, and will automatically terminate your rights to use the Program under this License. However, parties who have received copies, or rights to use copies, from you under this General Public License will not have their licenses terminated so long as such parties remain in full compliance. 5. By copying, distributing or modifying the Program (or any work based on the Program) you indicate your acceptance of this license to do so, and all its terms and conditions. 6. Each time you redistribute the Program (or any work based on the Program), the recipient automatically receives a license from the original licensor to copy, distribute or modify the Program subject to these terms and conditions. You may not impose any further restrictions on the recipients' exercise of the rights granted herein. 7. The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new versions of the General Public License from time to time. Such new versions will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in detail to address new problems or concerns. Each version is given a distinguishing version number. If the Program specifies a version number of the license which applies to it and "any later version", you have the option of following the terms and conditions either of that version or of any later version published by the Free Software Foundation. If the Program does not specify a version number of the license, you may choose any version ever published by the Free Software Foundation. 8. If you wish to incorporate parts of the Program into other free programs whose distribution conditions are different, write to the author to ask for permission. For software which is copyrighted by the Free Software Foundation, write to the Free Software Foundation; we sometimes make exceptions for this. Our decision will be guided by the two goals of preserving the free status of all derivatives of our free software and of promoting the sharing and reuse of software generally. NO WARRANTY 9. BECAUSE THE PROGRAM IS LICENSED FREE OF CHARGE, THERE IS NO WARRANTY FOR THE PROGRAM, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW. EXCEPT WHEN OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND/OR OTHER PARTIES PROVIDE THE PROGRAM "AS IS" WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE PROGRAM IS WITH YOU. SHOULD THE PROGRAM PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME THE COST OF ALL NECESSARY SERVICING, REPAIR OR CORRECTION. 10. IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN WRITING WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MAY MODIFY AND/OR REDISTRIBUTE THE PROGRAM AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAMAGES, INCLUDING ANY GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE PROGRAM (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO LOSS OF DATA OR DATA BEING RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY YOU OR THIRD PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE PROGRAM TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER PROGRAMS), EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES. END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS Appendix: How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the greatest possible use to humanity, the best way to achieve this is to make it free software which everyone can redistribute and change under these terms. To do so, attach the following notices to the program. It is safest to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively convey the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least the "copyright" line and a pointer to where the full notice is found. Copyright (C) 19yy This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 1, or (at your option) any later version. This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details. You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail. If the program is interactive, make it output a short notice like this when it starts in an interactive mode: Gnomovision version 69, Copyright (C) 19xx name of author Gnomovision comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details type `show w'. This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it under certain conditions; type `show c' for details. The hypothetical commands `show w' and `show c' should show the appropriate parts of the General Public License. Of course, the commands you use may be called something other than `show w' and `show c'; they could even be mouse-clicks or menu items--whatever suits your program. You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or your school, if any, to sign a "copyright disclaimer" for the program, if necessary. Here a sample; alter the names: Yoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all copyright interest in the program `Gnomovision' (a program to direct compilers to make passes at assemblers) written by James Hacker. , 1 April 1989 Ty Coon, President of Vice That's all there is to it! bash-1.14.3/CWRU/ 775 436 0 0 5620515754 11364 5ustar chetwheelbash-1.14.3/CWRU/misc/ 775 436 0 0 5701347535 12317 5ustar chetwheelbash-1.14.3/CWRU/misc/open-files.c 644 436 0 362 4716100162 14547 0ustar chetwheel#include #include #include #include main() { register int i; for (i = 0; i < getdtablesize(); i++) { if (fcntl(i, F_GETFD, 0) != -1) fprintf(stderr, "fd %d: open\n", i); } exit(0); } bash-1.14.3/CWRU/misc/sigs.c 644 436 0 652 5015341474 13463 0ustar chetwheel#include #include extern char *sys_siglist[]; typedef void sighandler(); main(argc, argv) int argc; char **argv; { register int i; sighandler *h; for (i = 1; i < NSIG; i++) { h = signal(i, SIG_DFL); if (h != SIG_DFL) { if (h == SIG_IGN) fprintf(stderr, "%d: ignored (%s)\n", i, sys_siglist[i]); else fprintf(stderr, "%d: caught (%s)\n", i, sys_siglist[i]); } } exit(0); } bash-1.14.3/CWRU/misc/pid.c 664 436 0 115 5222352344 13264 0ustar chetwheel#include main() { fprintf(stderr, "%d\n", getpid()); exit(0); } bash-1.14.3/CWRU/misc/sigstat.c 664 436 0 12567 5152517150 14244 0ustar chetwheel/* * sigstat - print out useful information about signal arguments * */ #include #include #include extern char *strrchr(); static char *signames[NSIG]; char *progname; void sigstat(); main(argc, argv) int argc; char **argv; { register int i; char *t; if (t = strrchr(argv[0], '/')) progname = ++t; else progname = argv[0]; init_signames(); if (argc == 1) { for (i = 1; i < NSIG; i++) sigstat(i); exit(0); } for (i = 1; i < argc; i++) sigstat(atoi(argv[i])); exit(0); } void sigstat(sig) int sig; { struct sigaction oact; char *signame; sigset_t set, oset; int blocked; if (sig < 0 || sig >= NSIG) { fprintf(stderr, "%s: %d: signal out of range\n", progname, sig); return; } signame = signames[sig]; sigemptyset(&oset); sigprocmask(SIG_BLOCK, (sigset_t *)NULL, &oset); if (sigismember(&oset, sig)) printf("%s: signal is blocked\n", signame); sigaction(sig, (struct sigaction *)NULL, &oact); if (oact.sa_handler == SIG_IGN) printf("%s: signal is ignored\n", signame); else if (oact.sa_handler == SIG_DFL) printf("%s: signal is defaulted\n", signame); else printf("%s: signal is trapped (?)\n", signame); } init_signames() { register int i; bzero(signames, sizeof(signames)); #if defined (SIGHUP) /* hangup */ signames[SIGHUP] = "SIGHUP"; #endif #if defined (SIGINT) /* interrupt */ signames[SIGINT] = "SIGINT"; #endif #if defined (SIGQUIT) /* quit */ signames[SIGQUIT] = "SIGQUIT"; #endif #if defined (SIGILL) /* illegal instruction (not reset when caught) */ signames[SIGILL] = "SIGILL"; #endif #if defined (SIGTRAP) /* trace trap (not reset when caught) */ signames[SIGTRAP] = "SIGTRAP"; #endif #if defined (SIGABRT) /* */ signames[SIGABRT] = "SIGABRT"; #endif #if defined (SIGIOT) /* IOT instruction */ signames[SIGIOT] = "SIGIOT"; #endif #if defined (SIGEMT) /* EMT instruction */ signames[SIGEMT] = "SIGEMT"; #endif #if defined (SIGFPE) /* floating point exception */ signames[SIGFPE] = "SIGFPE"; #endif #if defined (SIGKILL) /* kill (cannot be caught or ignored) */ signames[SIGKILL] = "SIGKILL"; #endif #if defined (SIGBUS) /* bus error */ signames[SIGBUS] = "SIGBUS"; #endif #if defined (SIGSEGV) /* segmentation violation */ signames[SIGSEGV] = "SIGSEGV"; #endif #if defined (SIGSYS) /* bad argument to system call */ signames[SIGSYS] = "SIGSYS"; #endif #if defined (SIGPIPE) /* write on a pipe with no one to read it */ signames[SIGPIPE] = "SIGPIPE"; #endif #if defined (SIGALRM) /* alarm clock */ signames[SIGALRM] = "SIGALRM"; #endif #if defined (SIGTERM) /* software termination signal from kill */ signames[SIGTERM] = "SIGTERM"; #endif #if defined (SIGCLD) /* Like SIGCHLD. */ signames[SIGCLD] = "SIGCLD"; #endif #if defined (SIGPWR) /* Magic thing for some machines. */ signames[SIGPWR] = "SIGPWR"; #endif #if defined (SIGPOLL) /* For keyboard input? */ signames[SIGPOLL] = "SIGPOLL"; #endif #if defined (SIGURG) /* urgent condition on IO channel */ signames[SIGURG] = "SIGURG"; #endif #if defined (SIGSTOP) /* sendable stop signal not from tty */ signames[SIGSTOP] = "SIGSTOP"; #endif #if defined (SIGTSTP) /* stop signal from tty */ signames[SIGTSTP] = "SIGTSTP"; #endif #if defined (SIGCONT) /* continue a stopped process */ signames[SIGCONT] = "SIGCONT"; #endif #if defined (SIGCHLD) /* to parent on child stop or exit */ signames[SIGCHLD] = "SIGCHLD"; #endif #if defined (SIGTTIN) /* to readers pgrp upon background tty read */ signames[SIGTTIN] = "SIGTTIN"; #endif #if defined (SIGTTOU) /* like TTIN for output if (tp->t_local<OSTOP) */ signames[SIGTTOU] = "SIGTTOU"; #endif #if defined (SIGIO) /* input/output possible signal */ signames[SIGIO] = "SIGIO"; #endif #if defined (SIGXCPU) /* exceeded CPU time limit */ signames[SIGXCPU] = "SIGXCPU"; #endif #if defined (SIGXFSZ) /* exceeded file size limit */ signames[SIGXFSZ] = "SIGXFSZ"; #endif #if defined (SIGVTALRM) /* virtual time alarm */ signames[SIGVTALRM] = "SIGVTALRM"; #endif #if defined (SIGPROF) /* profiling time alarm */ signames[SIGPROF] = "SIGPROF"; #endif #if defined (SIGWINCH) /* window changed */ signames[SIGWINCH] = "SIGWINCH"; #endif #if defined (SIGLOST) /* resource lost (eg, record-lock lost) */ signames[SIGLOST] = "SIGLOST"; #endif #if defined (SIGUSR1) /* user defined signal 1 */ signames[SIGUSR1] = "SIGUSR1"; #endif #if defined (SIGUSR2) /* user defined signal 2 */ signames[SIGUSR2] = "SIGUSR2"; #endif #if defined (SIGMSG) /* HFT input data pending */ signames[SIGMSG] = "SIGMSG"; #endif #if defined (SIGPWR) /* power failure imminent (save your data) */ signames[SIGPWR] = "SIGPWR"; #endif #if defined (SIGDANGER) /* system crash imminent */ signames[SIGDANGER] = "SIGDANGER"; #endif #if defined (SIGMIGRATE) /* migrate process to another CPU */ signames[SIGMIGRATE] = "SIGMIGRATE"; #endif #if defined (SIGPRE) /* programming error */ signames[SIGPRE] = "SIGPRE"; #endif #if defined (SIGGRANT) /* HFT monitor mode granted */ signames[SIGGRANT] = "SIGGRANT"; #endif #if defined (SIGRETRACT) /* HFT monitor mode retracted */ signames[SIGRETRACT] = "SIGRETRACT"; #endif #if defined (SIGSOUND) /* HFT sound sequence has completed */ signames[SIGSOUND] = "SIGSOUND"; #endif for (i = 0; i < NSIG; i++) if (signames[i] == (char *)NULL) { signames[i] = (char *)malloc (16);; sprintf (signames[i], "signal %d", i); } } bash-1.14.3/CWRU/misc/bison 755 436 0 115 5352472051 13404 0ustar chetwheel#! /bin/sh if [ "$1" = '-y' ]; then shift fi exec /usr/bin/yacc ${1+"$@"} bash-1.14.3/CWRU/misc/aux-mach-desc 664 436 0 1124 5467552360 14742 0ustar chetwheel/* ************************ */ /* */ /* A/UX 3.0 System */ /* */ /* ************************ */ #if defined (mc68k32) && !defined (M_MACHINE) # define M_MACHINE "Macintosh" # define M_OS "AUX" # define SYSDEP_CFLAGS -ZP -DUSG -DHAVE_BCOPY -DHAVE_UID_T -DNSIG=32 \ -DHAVE_GETDTABLESIZE # define SYSDEP_LDFLAGS -ZP # define HAVE_DIRENT # define HAVE_POSIX_SIGNALS # define HAVE_VFPRINTF # define VOID_SIGHANDLER # define HAVE_GETGROUPS # undef HAVE_RESOURCE # undef HAVE_ALLOCA # define REQUIRED_LIBRARIES -lc_s #endif /* A/UX */ bash-1.14.3/CWRU/PLATFORMS 664 436 0 700 5570731540 12710 0ustar chetwheelThe version of bash in this directory has been compiled on the following systems: Sun 690 SunOS 4.1.2 Sparcstation SunOS 5.3 Sparcstation NetBSD 0.9a 386 BSDI BSD/386 1.0, 1.1 NeXTstation NeXT OS 2.1 IBM RT IBM/4.3 (AOS) Motorola Delta 88K SVR3.2 Decstation 3100 Ultrix 4.3 Dec 4000 Alpha AXP DEC OSF/1 V1.3 386 ISC UNIX 3.0.1 386 FreeBSD 1.1 IBM RS/6000 AIX 3.2 Amiga Amiga UNIX 2.1 Sony NEWS 841 NEWS OS HP 9000/834 HP/UX 7.0 bash-1.14.3/CWRU/README 664 436 0 1341 5544371677 12334 0ustar chetwheelNotes: ISC 386 machines must compile test.c without -O. The resultant shell dumps core when test is invoked. There have been reports that SCO 3.2v4.2 requires -DPRGP_PIPE in SCO_CFLAGS, and that it has too many -D defines for SCO's cc (rcc works). Contents of this directory: CWRU.chlog - my change log since the last release KSH.README - list of similarities with ksh. Slightly out of date PLATFORMS.113 - list of platforms I have built this release on POSIX.NOTES - list of what changes for `posix mode' README - this file RSH.README - explanation of the bash `restricted shell' mode misc - directory with some useful tools OS-BUGS - directory with messages detailing some OS bugs and the bash workarounds bash-1.14.3/CWRU/POSIX.NOTES 664 436 0 4666 5537650361 13175 0ustar chetwheelStarting bash with the `-posix' command-line option or setting the variable POSIXLY_CORRECT while bash is running will cause bash to conform more closely to the Posix.2 standard by changing the behavior to match that specified by Posix.2 in areas where the bash default differs. The following list is what's changed when `posixly_correct' is enabled: 1. When a command in the hash table no longer exists, bash will re-search $PATH to find the new location. 2. The >& redirection does not redirect stdout and stderr. 3. The message printed by the job control code and builtins when a job exits with a non-zero status is `Done(status)'. 4. The <> redirection does not open a file for both stdin and stdout, but rather opens it for read-write on fd 0. 5. Reserved words may not be aliased. 6. The Posix.2 PS1 and PS2 expansions of `!' -> history number and `!!' -> `!' are enabled. 7. Interactive comments are enabled by default. (Note that this version has them on by default anyway.) 8. The Posix.2 startup files are executed ($ENV) rather than the normal bash files. 9. Tilde expansion is only performed on assignments preceding a command name, rather than on all assignment statements on the line. 10. The default history file is ~/.sh_history (default value of $HISTFILE). 11. The output of `kill -l' prints all the signal names on a single line, separated by spaces. 12. Non-interactive shells exit if `file' in `. file' is not found. 13. Redirection operators do not perform pathname expansion on the word in the redirection unless the shell is interactive 14. Function names must be valid shell identifiers. That is, they may not contain characters other than letters, digits, and underscores, and may not start with a digit There is other Posix.2 behavior that bash does not implement. Specifically: 1. There are no `special builtins' and `regular builtins'. All builtins are equivalent. This means that: o assignment statements affect the execution environment of all builtins, not just special ones o temporary assignments do not persist after Posix.2 special builtins complete o Functions are found before Posix.2 special builtins o The shell does not exit upon errors while executing Posix.2 special builtins 2. $LINENO does not represent the line number of a command within a function 3. The arithmetic evaluator does not implement the `e ? e1 : e2' conditional expression bash-1.14.3/CWRU/changelog 664 436 0 57015 5620506162 13337 0ustar chetwheel 6/2 --- lib/readline/readline.c - fixed an off-by-one error in the kill ring reallocation code in rl_kill_text Makefile - replaced instances of /bin/sh with $(SHELL) Makefile, cpp-Makefile, documentation/Makefile - added a working `uninstall' target [1.14.0 FCS release made available for FTP] 6/3 --- README - added note about building with gcc, same as in Makefile documentation/Makefile - some versions of make don't understand `$*' in a regular recipe; replace with features.dvi in the recipe for features.ps 6/4 --- subst.c - fix up the calls to string_extract_double_quoted and string_extract_single_quoted in char_is_quoted so the initial value of the index is *after* the opening quote character - make sure we only return 1 from char_is_quoted if the index into the string after a call to string_extract_double_quoted or string_extract_single_quoted is *greater than* `eindex' lib/readline/complete.c - change the order and sense of the quoting tests in rl_complete_internal so that the expensive char_is_quoted is only called if `scan' actually is a word break character shell.c - fixed a typo in the test for a restricted shell builtins/exec.def - need to include flags.h 6/6 --- make_cmd.c - make sure that we don't try to walk down a null command tree in connect_async_list (tickled by `(command &) &') - if a command has the CMD_WANT_SUBSHELL bit set in its flags, don't even try to walk the command tree and move the `&'; just connect the command with a null command using `&' execute_cmd.c - make sure we don't try to reference a command struct without first checking it (case '&') 6/7 --- machines.h - fix a typo in the NeXT/i386 description; change the NeXT description to #define HAVE_RESOURCE if not already defined rather than putting -DHAVE_RESOURCE into the SYSDEP_CFLAGS 6/9 --- Makefile - make sure all of the rules that reinvoke `make' have the `-f bash-Makefile' before the assignment statements; some versions of make like it that way variables.c - make sure that `interactive' is set to 0 before evaluating the string containing an exported function obtained from the environment, so that it does not try to execute PROMPT_COMMAND (this may not be the best fix) 6/13 ---- documentation/Makefile - make sure all of the directories exist before trying to install doc files into them lib/readline/history.c - add a missing O_TRUNC to the open call for writing in history_truncate_file trap.c - run_interrupt_trap should only try to run the trap command if the value is not IMPOSSIBLE_TRAP_HANDLER Makefile - add `realclean' lib/readline/complete.c - do the same kind of double-quoting a replacement string if the user supplies the opening double quote as we would if we were adding both quotes ourselves variables.c - fixed the variable initialization so that history_control/HISTCONTROL can be inherited from a parent shell INSTALL, README, cpp-Makefile, documentation/bash.1, documentation/readline.3 - ai.mit.edu -> prep.ai.mit.edu shell.c - fixed a problem with setting no_line_editing to the result of the check for running inside emacs, thereby losing any value initialized by the `-nolineediting' flag cpp-Makefile - `make distclean' will now remove the `installed-bash' link print_cmd.c - fixed a problem with undefined variables when HAVE_VARARGS_H is not defined 6/14 ---- lib/readline/history.c - fixed an error in the csh history expansion code so that the `-y' word designator now expands to `0-y' rather than `1-y' lib/readline/isearch.c - changed an absolute check for a character falling within the ASCII 32-126 range (printable chars) with checks for CTRL_P and META_CHAR and a check against the value RUBOUT - changed a `break' to a `continue' so that the first non-matching character in the search string does not cause the search to end abruptly - initialize prev_line_found to 0 at the top of rl_search_history to avoid duplicate history lines being saved across searches lib/readline/rltty.c - consolidated repeated code for setting special characters into `SET_SPECIAL' defines lib/readline/readline.c - include if VSTATUS is defined - add bindable command rl_tty_status (unbound by default) lib/readline/funmap.c - assign bindable command name `tty-status' to rl_tty_status INSTALL - add note about compiling with gcc, same text as README lib/readline/display.c - many changes and tweaks to make redisplay work better when the prompt has invisible characters. These changes are non-optimal in that the prompt is redrawn more than it needs to be, but things are a hell of a lot better than they were 6/15 ---- documentation/Makefile - make a variable NROFF that people can set to `groff -Tascii' if they don't have real nroff - changed the suffix rules to use $< support/bashbug.sh - if rmail doesn't exist or fails, save the bug report in ~/dead.bashbug execute_cmd.c - in setup_async_signals, only ignore SIGINT and SIGQUIT if job control is not active. If it is active and the job is restarted, SIGINT remains ignored, and the now-foregrounded job is not interruptible subst.c - fixed up a problem with char_is_quoted that caused backslash- escaped characters to cause incorrect results tests/run-dollars, tests/dollar-at.sh, tests/dollar-star.sh - since the error messages produced by `cat' vary, changed `cat' to `recho' and updated the correct answers file machines.h - fixes to CRAY_STACKSEG_END definitions for different versions of Unicos on the YMP (from Bill Jones) - Motorola SVR4 machines have getcwd() and should not undef HAVE_GETCWD - on hpux 9.x, don't try to link with -lPW if compiling with gcc (for alloca) parse.y - an ugly fix for a compiler problem with structure assignment on the cray 6/16 ---- builtins/wait.def - replaced a call to sscanf with a validity check using all_digits() and a call to atoi, since a pid_t is not necessarily an int, and the sscanf clobbered the stack frame on systems where it is shorter than an int (e.g., SCO) lib/readline/display.c - since META_CHAR and the other macros only work with unsigned chars, make rl_character_len convert its argument to an unsigned char before testing it documentation/Makefile - use $(INSTALL_DATA) instead of $(CP) to install the man pages and info files cpp-Makefile - use INSTALL_PROGRAM and INSTALL_DATA to install binaries and documentation; pass both values to installs in subdirectories 6/18 ---- builtins/ulimit.def - compensate for systems which define RLIMIT_OFILE instead of RLIMIT_NOFILE, or don't provide such a compatibility define themselves shell.c - make maybe_execute_file check for directories and print an appropriate error message, since it's doing an fstat anyway support/mksysdefs - added support for a `-s srcdir' option so it can find cpp-Makefile if ansi-Makefile is to be created Makefile - call mksysdefs with -s $(srcdir) jobs.c - add the magic #undef lines to avoid redefinition warnings on SunOS 4 only 6/20 ---- cpp-Makefile - install `bashbug' with `make install' trap.c - make sure that `interactive' is set to 0 when running trap commands builtins/umask.c - fixed typo in usage error message subst.c - fix process_substitute to set subshell_environment jobs.c, nojobs.c - only mess with the terminal settings for an interactive shell that is not in a subshell environment 6/21 ---- lib/readline/history.h - add extern declaration of history_get builtins/fc.def - make history replacement when using `r' or `fc -s' obey the setting of HISTCONTROL general.c - in canonicalize_pathname, preserve a double // at the start of an absolute pathname, since that means something special for the network directory system README, INSTALL - updated information about submitting bug reports lib/readline/vi_mode.c, lib/readline/isearch.c - make sure unistd.h is included before rldefs.h, if HAVE_UNISTD_H is defined 6/24 ---- lib/readline/complete.c - add `#' to the list of characters which cause a completed filename to be quoted execute_cmd.c - be more careful about closing pipe file descriptors in do_piping; don't want to have `dup2(i, i); close(i);' problem lib/readline/{keymaps,readline}.h - include local copies of include files if READLINE_LIBRARY is defined, otherwise include the `official, installed' versions using #include lib/readline/*.c - define READLINE_LIBRARY before including any files - include only `local' copies of include files using #include "xxx.h" rather than #include 6/26 ---- execute_cmd.c - check for clobbering the bash input stream before closing a file descriptor due to an r_close_this redirection lib/readline/history.c - made history_expand inhibit history expansion if the history expansion char is set to 0 lib/readline/chardefs.h - moved savestring() definition to rldefs.h - changed lowercase_p, uppercase_p, to_lower, to_upper defines to use macros rather than assume ASCII lib/readline/bind.c, general.c, general.h - use strcasecmp, strncasecmp instead of str[n]icmp if HAVE_STRCASECMP is defined cpp-Makefile - pass -DHAVE_STRCASECMP to builds in the libraries, primarily readline machines.h - add HAVE_STRCASECMP to the entries for BSD/386, NetBSD, FreeBSD, and 4.4 BSD builtins/hash.def - add a fourth parameter to remember_filename, the initial value of times_found (0 if we're just looking it up for `hash', 1 for the command execution code) execute_cmd.c - call remember_filename with an initial value of 1 for times_found builtins/wait.def - handle a null argument with an error message builtins/common.c - parse_and_execute now takes a third parameter: the value for `interactive' while it is executing commands bashline.c, jobs.c, parse.y, shell.c, subst.c, trap.c, variables.c - set the new third argument to parse_and_execute appropriately builtins/eval.def, builtins/fc.def, builtins/source.def - set the new third argument to parse_and_execute appropriately builtins/help.def - changed a call to strnicmp to strncmp when trying to find what to give help on; it seems more correct 6/27 ---- machines.h - cleaned up the SunOS section so it no longer relies on HAVE_SHARED_LIBS being defined; it uses SunOS4 and SunOS5 instead support/mksysdefs - define SYSDEF to be SunOS4 or SunOS5 depending on the output of uname rather than looking for ld.so 6/29 ---- machines.h - minor change to the ardent titan machine description - move the ardent and stardent descriptions before the mips riscos description print_cmd.c - ardent machines also need the extern declaration for printf make_cmd.c - connect_async_list should do its work only if the lists to be backgrounded are connected with `;'. This makes `;' bind tighter than `&', so only the last job in the list is backgrounded. All other lists should have the entire thing put in the background parse.y - added a function `print_prompt' to take care of displaying the prompt string if readline is not being used. This fixes problems with the prompt being displayed before the status of completed jobs is printed 6/30 ---- builtins/fg_bg.def - `fg' and `bg' now print error messages if invoked when job control is disabled lib/readline/rltty.c - if not compiled into the shell, make get_tty_settings get and set the window size. This noop stops the process if it is started in the background lib/readline/readline.c - provide a function version of savestring, if not being compiled into the shell, since the macro has been removed from the `public' header files lib/readline/readline.h - provide all extern function declarations without checking whether VI_MODE or PAREN_MATCHING are defined. It does not hurt to define them if they are not used and not in the library, and other applications using readline can't tell whether or not VI_MODE was defined when the library was compiled anyway 7/1 --- machines.h - add #undef HAVE_DIRENT_H to the ardent titan description 7/2 --- lib/readline/chardefs.h - removed META_P define, renamed CTRL_P to CTRL_CHAR lib/readline/bind.c, lib/readline/isearch.c - changed instances of CTRL_P to CTRL_CHAR lib/readline/search.c - include before rldefs.h, if HAVE_UNISTD_H is defined lib/readline/readline.c - declare PC, UP, and BC as extern rather than `local' to the readline library 7/5 --- bashline.c - implement command word completion inside of command substitution with a new function: `command_subst_completion_function' subst.c - new function to help with command subst completion: unclosed_pair lib/readline/complete.c - new variable rl_filename_quoting_desired, which can be set to 0 to inhibit the quoting of filenames after completion lib/readline/readline.h - declare rl_filename_completion_desired and rl_filename_quoting_desired builtins/bind.def - don't save the old value of rl_outstream before initializing readline -- it saves garbage values and screws up readline parse.y - don't have private state telling whether or not readline has been initialized -- use bash_readline_initialized like other functions in bashline.c lib/readline/readline.c - make the default 8-bit behavior be based on whether LC_CTYPE is defined and its value (accept iso-8859-1 or iso_8859_1) 7/6 --- variables.c - fix up the declaration of getenv() for convex machines 7/7 --- lib/readline/readline.c - fixed up typos in the declaration of `savestring' lib/readline/history.c - fixed an off-by-one error in the ADD_CHAR macro which caused one extra character to be overwritten, causing the gnu malloc to abort when that one character was at the end of an allocated block - changed the ADD_STRING macro to avoid some unnecessary xreallocs lib/readline/display.c - fixed a problem with move_cursor_relative -- function now returns immediately if it has nothing to do - fixed another problem with displaying prompts with invisible chars lib/readline/chardefs.h - fixed the CTRL macro to be right (agree with the BSD kernel, for example) cpp-Makefile - fixed typo in the `install' recipe 7/8 --- support/srcdir - fixed to handle srcdir when it begins with ./ or ../ to handle $(srcdir) being a relative path better cpp-Makefile - changed some include paths to $(BUILTIN_ABSSRC) when building in `builtins' to handle $(srcdir) being a relative path - change the `chmod' on bashbug to turn on read and execute for all - added a couple of definitions to make it easier for a later `configure' program support/mksysdefs - added a -i option to specify an alternate set of directories to search for include files lib/readline/bind.c - in rl_read_init_file, when skipping whitespace at the start of the line, decrement `i' so that we don't jump past the start of the next line machines.h - SCOv4 has a `robust' opendir that checks that you're actually opening a directory 7/11 ---- lib/readline/complete.c - make sure a word break character is unquoted before using it to separate out the current word for completing machines.h - new machine description: NetBSD on motorola m68k machines like the hp300 - undef HAVE_GETWD in the generic svr4 machine description, like other svr4 descriptions lib/readline/rltty.c - make sure to fflush (rl_outstream) after toggling the setting of the keypad and meta key portbash/libc.sh - add a test for OPENDIR_NOT_ROBUST support/getcppsyms.c - output __svr4__ if we find __uxps__ (this makes the Fujitsu port of SVR4 to the sparc build OK) 7/12 ---- lib/readline/display.c - more display-related fixes when the prompt has invisible chars; this time for screen updates when moving between screen lines lib/readline/readline.c, lib/readline/display.c - changes to make readline work with terminals that have auto-wrap from Per Bothner (new function _rl_update_final, term_xn changes, some efficiency speedups, new function space_to_eol) 7/13 ---- lib/readline/display.c - after moving up screen lines using term_up in _rl_move_vert, if the new screen line is 0, _rl_last_c_pos needs to be adjusted to take invisible characters into account. This was the source of many bugs 7/14 ---- documentation/Makefile - change instances of `groff' to `${GROFF}', GROFF is set to `groff' by default general.c, variables.c - moved `qsort_string_compare' from variables.c to general.c general.h, variables.h - moved declaration of `qsort_string_compare' from variables.h to general.h alias.c, lib/readline/funmap.c - moved qsort auxiliary functions after their use and added forward declarations to avoid warnings from ANSI C compilers memalloc.h - hpux_9 needs alloca declared as `extern void *' if __STDC__ is defined support/mksysdefs - removed HAVE_SHARED_LIBS entirely - make a call to /bin/uname -X for SCO machines to avoid running a different uname from the $PATH machines.h - new descriptions: Intel i860 running SVR4, Tahoe running 4.3 BSD - changed descriptions: Mips/RiscOS, DG AViiON, unknown machine jobs.c - changes to how the shell handles foreground jobs dying of SIGINT: an interactive shell using job control will no longer act as if it received a SIGINT if the foreground job dies from a SIGINT a non-interactive shell or shell without job control tries to differentiate between SIGINTs it has seen (in wait_sigint_handler) and a foreground job dying of a SIGINT not sent from the keyboard, and runs the normal SIGINT code only in the former case 7/15 ---- support/mksysdefs - check for ${UNAME}${RELEASE} expanding to `SunOS4*' or `SunOS5*' to set SYSDEF to SunOS4 or SunOS5, respectively. Apparently this does not work for Solbourne 7/18 ---- lib/readline/rltty.c - if output is being flushed on termios systems, loop until the FLUSHO bit is no longer set in the termios struct support/mksysdefs - added a -A flag to force creation of ansi-Makefile machines.h - new entry for Tandem machines running SVR3 7/19 ---- lib/readline/rldefs.h - include if HAVE_TERMCAP_H is defined - use stuff if HAVE_TERMIO_H is defined and _POSIX_VERSION is not defined lib/readline/rldefs.h, lib/readline/history.c - include "config.h" if HAVE_CONFIG_H is defined lib/readline/{rldefs.h,signals.c,readline.c} - WINSIZE_IN_IOCTL_H -> GWINSZ_IN_SYS_IOCTL for compatibility with other GNU programs lib/readline/doc/Makefile - fixed up to create the readline and history manuals in dvi and ps format lib/readline/Makefile - changes inspired by the standalone readline-2.0 distribution 7/20 ---- lib/readline/history.c - new function, history_is_stifled (), returns history_stifled - set history_state flags member in the history state functions lib/readline/history.h - reorganized the function declarations, added missing declarations - history_stifled is no longer exported by the library - added a `flags' member to the HISTORY_STATE structure bashline.c - use history_is_stifled () instead of history_stifled lib/readline/readline.c, lib/readline/vi_mode.c - filled in correct argument declarations for functions called via keymaps (count, key) lib/readline/complete.c - efficiency improvement for compare_strings 7/21 ---- examples/dirfuncs - new directory functions from ksh book, contributed by Ken Konecki (kenk@wfg.com) machines.h - hpux_8 and hpux_9 should both #undef HAVE_ALLOCA unless gcc is being used 7/22 ---- bashline.c - fixed up command_word_completion_function so that filenames with leading tildes are completed correctly 7/26 ---- builtins/read.def - if -r not given, make sure CTLESC is removed from input string when reading \ lib/readline/readline.c - new function bind_arrow_keys, which binds vt100/ansi arrow key escape sequences after reading the termcap definition and the inputrc file - new function rl_yank_last_arg, which does what insert-last-arg does in bash lib/readline/emacs_keymap.c - remove default bindings to rl_arrow_keys for M-[ and M-O - rl_yank_last_arg is now bound to `M-.' and `M-_' in emacs_meta_keymap subst.c - when performing process substitution on systems with /dev/fd, make sure the child clears the slot in dev_fd_list it gets from its parent so the file descriptor does not get closed inappropriately if reallocated by, e.g., pipe(2) bashline.c - removed insert_last_arg and the calls to bind in to `M-.' and `M-_'. `insert-last-argument' is now bound to rl_yank_last_arg for backwards compatibility lib/readline/funmap.c - `yank-last-arg' is now a named command for rl_yank_last_arg documentation/bash.1, documentation/readline.3 - add description of yank-last-arg as one of the readline user commands lib/readline/doc/rluser.texinfo - added description of yank-last-arg builtins/getopts.def - fixed a typo in the int-to-string code computing the value to set OPTIND to: had '\0' instead of '0' - made getopts handle the case where there are more than 9 dollar variables (where rest_of_args is non-null) correctly 7/28 ---- lib/readline/display.c - fixes to the display code for single-line-display in the presence of prompts containing invisible characters lib/readline/readline.c - if we are using horizontal scrolling and we have term_xn, decrement the screenwidth by 1, since we won't be doing any line wrapping 7/31 ---- jobs.c - new variable `freeze_jobs_list' to set when changes to the jobs list or status of jobs in the list (other than calling something like `jobs -n') are undesirable. This is set when execuing traps on SIGCHLD 8/1 --- subst.c - check that `~' is unquoted before performing tilde expansion in an assignment statement 8/3 --- bracecomp.c - keep brace completion from dumping core if there is only one match lib/readline/chardefs.h - add a define for digit_p, which returns the value of isdigit() lib/readline/readline.c - added function equivalents for uppercase_p, lowercase_p, to_upper, to_lower, pure_alphabetic, digit_p, and digit_value - replaced calls to numeric () with calls to digit_p, removed definition of numeric () lib/readline/history.c - digit -> digit_p lib/readline/vi_mode.c - replaced uses of the `isletter' define to use pure_alphabetic from chartypes.h - replaced uses of `numeric' with calls to digit_p - added do...while(0) to `exchange' define 8/4 --- execute_cmd.c - make sure execute_function saves and restores the current loop count with unwind_protect_int documentation/features.texi - change the `Shell Command Line Options' section to `Invoking Bash' to be closer to the GNU coding standards 8/5 --- builtins/read.def - fixed up a memory leak and made behavior correct when no variables given and backslash escaped at least one input char - if we added CTLESC anywhere while reading the input string, make sure we call dequote_string on each word of the input before calling bind_variable with that string subst.c - made an efficiency improvement to dequote_string -- don't do anything when we see CTLESC, just `continue' the loop bash-1.14.3/CWRU/sh-redirection-hack 664 436 0 546 5564440246 15177 0ustar chetwheelAdd to `subshell' production in parse.y and recompile -DREDIRECTION_HACK to get `< xx (command)' sh compatibility. | redirections '(' list ')' { #if defined (REDIRECTION_HACK) /* XXX - C News sh compatibility hack - XXX */ $3->redirects = $1; $3->flags |= CMD_WANT_SUBSHELL; $$ = $3; #else yyerror (); YYABORT; #endif } bash-1.14.3/INSTALL 644 436 0 16542 5607251322 11734 0ustar chetwheelFile: bash.info, Node: Install, Next: Invoke, Prev: Built-in, Up: Top Installing BASH *************** To install BASH you simply type `make'. The BASH `Makefile' tries to dynamically figure out what kind of machine and operating system you are using. It makes an educated guess based on the information it finds. During the `make' process, a message is displayed describing what machine and operating system has been chosen for you. This information is also saved in the file `.machine' so you can look at it later. Therefore, for most machines, simply follow this simple checklist to install BASH: 1. Type `make'. If you want to use GCC to compile bash, type `make CC=gcc CPPNAME='$(CC) -E''. 2. Wait for the compilation to finish. 3. Type `./bash' to see if the compile worked. 4. Type `make install bindir=/usr/gnu/bin' (or wherever you keep GNU binaries) to copy bash to your binaries directory. * Menu: * Problems:: What to do if BASH doesn't install quite so easily. * Files:: Files used in the `make' process. * Porting:: Porting BASH to a new machine. * Bugs:: What to do if you Discover Bugs in BASH. File: bash.info, Node: Problems, Next: Files, Prev: Install, Up: Install What if it Doesn't Install so Easily? ===================================== Sometimes BASH gets confused and will make the wrong assumptions about your machine or operating system. If the displayed information (also found in `.machine') is incorrect, you will have to edit the file `machines.h' and provide the appropriate information so that BASH can be installed correctly. The complete instructions for doing this are located in the `machines.h' file. However, if BASH says that your machine type is an "UNKNOWN_MACHINE", or BASH thought it knew something about your machine but was wrong, then reading the next few sections could be of use to you (*note Files::., and *note Porting::., for more information). On the MIPSEB with the BSD universe, you must: 1) Place /bsd43/bin in your PATH before /bin 2) Use $(CC) -E instead of /lib/cpp to build cpp-Makefile. On SCO Xenix 386, you must: 1) Use $(CC) -E instead of /lib/cpp to build cpp-Makefile. On Interactive Unix version 3 or 4, you must: 1) Edit cpp-Makefile to remove either -O or -g from DEBUG_FLAGS File: bash.info, Node: Files, Next: Porting, Prev: Problems, Up: Install Files Used in the `make' Process. ================================= The following files are used during the installation of BASH, in the `make' process: `Makefile' This is responsible for making the actual `Makefile' that is used to create Bash. It runs the C preprocessor (usually located in `/lib/cpp') on the file `cpp-Makefile', producing the output file `bash-Makefile'. `cpp-Makefile' This is a file of C comments and text. It contains a reasonable number of `ifdefs' which control what files get compiled and which flags are passed to the various C files comprising BASH. It includes files named `machines.h', `sysdefs.h', and `config.h'. `machines.h' This file contains the basic compilation parameters for all of the machines to which BASH has been ported. This file consists of a series of conditional blocks, one per machine type. These conditional blocks are depend upon the unique identifier that `cpp' has predefined for this machine. In some cases, additional information can be passed from `Makefile'. It is possible to pass information such as whether or not a particular file is available on this system, and so on. `sysdefs.h' This file is dynamically made at build time by running the shell script `support/mksydefs'. If there appears to be something wrong in this file, then edit the `mksysdefs' script, and mail the changes that you make to bash-maintainers@prep.ai.mit.edu. `bash-Makefile' This is the output from the initial stage of `make'. It is a stripped down version of `cpp-Makefile' which is tailor-made for your machine and operating system. All subsequent `makes' use this file. File: bash.info, Node: Porting, Next: Bugs, Prev: Files, Up: Install What if You Have to Port to a New Machine? ========================================== Sometimes you may want to port BASH to a new, previously unsupported machine. To do so you need to create a block in `machines.h' which is conditional based on a unique identifier present in your version of the C preprocessor. If you don't know what that symbol is, you might try the following simple test: echo "main () { }" > foo.c cc -v foo.c You are looking for `-DMACHINE', where `MACHINE' is an identifier for your machine. If you are very unlucky and your machine's C preprocessor doesn't have a unique identifier, you will have to define the identifier in Makefile manually. Let's say you have a machine from Yoyodyne Industries, called the YoYo. It runs a version of BSD, so it is reasonably compatible. However, the `cpp' on this YoYo machine doesn't define any unique identifiers. You should change the `Makefile' line for `CPPFLAGS' to: CPPFLAGS = -P -DYoYo Then, in `machines.h', you copy the block for `UNKNOWN_MACHINE', and change the conditional to; #if defined (YoYo) Inside of the YoYo block you define `M_MACHINE="YoYo"', and `M_OS=Bsd'. You also modify the existing defines to match your machine's software. If BASH still won't compile, perhaps because of missing code that is required for your YoYo machine, you will have to write that code and place it within a conditional block based on YoYo. Most machines aren't that difficult; simply redefining a few of the default values is sufficient. If you do run across a difficult machine, please send all fixes and changes to bash-maintainers@prep.ai.mit.edu in the form of context diffs: diff -c orig-machines.h machines.h >machines.diffs Please include information about which version of the shell you have. For those machines which prove more difficult, or if you are not sure about where to start, the scripts in the `portbash' directory may prove helpful. File: bash.info, Node: Bugs, Prev: Porting, Up: Install Reporting Bugs ============== If you find a bug in bash, you should report it. But first you should make sure that it really is a bug and that it appears in the latest version of BASH that is available. Once you have ascertained that a bug really exists, you are welcome to mail in a bug report. If you have a fix, please mail that too! The program `bashbug' is used to submit bug reports. Suggestions and "philosophical" bug reports should be mailed to bug-bash@ai.mit.edu. Genuine bug reports should be mailed to the same place, or to bash-maintainers@prep.ai.mit.edu. The `bashbug' script sends its messages to bug-bash@prep.ai.mit.edu. *All* bug reports should include: * The version number of BASH. * The hardware and operating system used. * The compiler used to compile BASH. * A description of the bug's behavior. * A short script or "recipe" which demonstrates the bug. The `bashbug' program includes much of this information automatically. Without this information, it is generally not possible to successfully debug BASH. Usually, without this information, the bug won't manifest itself! Discussion and questions about BASH in general (including questions about this documentation) can be sent to bash-maintainers@prep.ai.mit.edu. bash-1.14.3/MANIFEST 664 436 0 21443 5701347527 12042 0ustar chetwheel# # Master distribution manifest for bash # # # Filename type # CWRU d CWRU/misc d builtins d documentation d examples d examples/functions d examples/scripts d examples/startup-files d lib d lib/doc-support d lib/glob d lib/glob/doc d lib/malloc d lib/malloclib d lib/posixheaders d lib/readline d lib/readline/doc d lib/readline/examples d lib/termcap d lib/termcap/grot d lib/tilde d lib/tilde/doc d portbash d support d tests d tests/misc d README f RELEASE f INSTALL f COPYING f MANIFEST f configure f Makefile f cpp-Makefile f print_cmd.c f general.c f variables.c f make_cmd.c f copy_cmd.c f unwind_prot.c f dispose_cmd.c f getcwd.c f bashhist.c f hash.c f parse.y f subst.c f shell.c f trap.c f siglist.c f version.c f flags.c f jobs.c f newversion.c f input.c f mailcheck.c f test.c f expr.c f alias.c f execute_cmd.c f bashline.c f braces.c f bracecomp.c f nojobs.c f vprint.c f error.c f signames.c f endian.c f alias.h f config.h f config.h.mini f builtins.h f parser.h f variables.h f machines.h f jobs.h f maxpath.h f filecntl.h f hash.h f quit.h f flags.h f shell.h f trap.h f general.h f unwind_prot.h f input.h f error.h f command.h f externs.h f siglist.h f subst.h f dispose_cmd.h f bashansi.h f make_cmd.h f bashhist.h f execute_cmd.h f bashtypes.h f y.tab.c f y.tab.h f posixstat.h f stdc.h f ansi_stdlib.h f memalloc.h f parser-built f builtins/ChangeLog f builtins/Makefile f builtins/alias.def f builtins/bind.def f builtins/break.def f builtins/builtin.def f builtins/cd.def f builtins/colon.def f builtins/command.def f builtins/common.c f builtins/declare.def f builtins/echo.def f builtins/enable.def f builtins/eval.def f builtins/exec.def f builtins/exit.def f builtins/fc.def f builtins/fg_bg.def f builtins/getopt.c f builtins/getopt.h f builtins/getopts.def f builtins/hash.def f builtins/hashcom.h f builtins/help.def f builtins/let.def f builtins/history.def f builtins/jobs.def f builtins/kill.def f builtins/mkbuiltins.c f builtins/read.def f builtins/reserved.def f builtins/return.def f builtins/set.def f builtins/setattr.def f builtins/shift.def f builtins/source.def f builtins/suspend.def f builtins/test.def f builtins/times.def f builtins/trap.def f builtins/type.def f builtins/ulimit.def f builtins/umask.def f builtins/wait.def f builtins/psize.c f builtins/psize.sh f builtins/inlib.def f builtins/bashgetopt.c f builtins/common.h f builtins/bashgetopt.h f lib/doc-support/texindex.c f lib/doc-support/getopt.h f lib/doc-support/Makefile f lib/glob/ChangeLog f lib/glob/Makefile f lib/glob/fnmatch.c f lib/glob/fnmatch.h f lib/glob/glob.c f lib/glob/doc/Makefile f lib/glob/doc/glob.texi f lib/glob/ndir.h f lib/malloc/Makefile f lib/malloc/alloca.c f lib/malloc/getpagesize.h f lib/malloc/i386-alloca.s f lib/malloc/malloc.c f lib/malloc/x386-alloca.s f lib/malloc/xmalloc.c f lib/malloclib/Makefile f lib/malloclib/alloca.c f lib/malloclib/i386-alloca.s f lib/malloclib/calloc.c f lib/malloclib/cfree.c f lib/malloclib/x386-alloca.s f lib/malloclib/morecore.c f lib/malloclib/free.c f lib/malloclib/getpagesize.h f lib/malloclib/malloc.c f lib/malloclib/malloc.h f lib/malloclib/xmalloc.c f lib/malloclib/mcheck.c f lib/malloclib/memalign.c f lib/malloclib/mstats.c f lib/malloclib/mtrace.awk f lib/malloclib/mtrace.c f lib/malloclib/realloc.c f lib/malloclib/valloc.c f lib/posixheaders/posixstat.h f lib/posixheaders/ansi_stdlib.h f lib/posixheaders/stdc.h f lib/posixheaders/memalloc.h f lib/posixheaders/filecntl.h f lib/readline/COPYING f lib/readline/readline.c f lib/readline/readline.h f lib/readline/ChangeLog f lib/readline/vi_mode.c f lib/readline/history.h f lib/readline/Makefile f lib/readline/chardefs.h f lib/readline/emacs_keymap.c f lib/readline/keymaps.h f lib/readline/vi_keymap.c f lib/readline/history.c f lib/readline/funmap.c f lib/readline/keymaps.c f lib/readline/xmalloc.c f lib/readline/doc/Makefile f lib/readline/doc/rlman.texinfo f lib/readline/doc/rltech.texinfo f lib/readline/doc/rluser.texinfo f lib/readline/doc/hist.texinfo f lib/readline/doc/hstech.texinfo f lib/readline/doc/hsuser.texinfo f lib/readline/examples/Makefile f lib/readline/examples/fileman.c f lib/readline/examples/manexamp.c f lib/readline/examples/histexamp.c f lib/readline/examples/Inputrc f lib/readline/README f lib/readline/STANDALONE f lib/readline/search.c f lib/readline/isearch.c f lib/readline/rldefs.h f lib/readline/rlconf.h f lib/readline/parens.c f lib/readline/rltty.c f lib/readline/complete.c f lib/readline/bind.c f lib/readline/display.c f lib/readline/signals.c f lib/readline/doc/texindex.c f lib/readline/tilde.c f lib/readline/tilde.h f lib/readline/posixstat.h f lib/readline/ansi_stdlib.h f lib/readline/memalloc.h f lib/termcap/Makefile f lib/termcap/termcap.c f lib/termcap/termcap.h f lib/termcap/tparam.c f lib/termcap/version.c f lib/termcap/grot/termcap.info f lib/termcap/grot/termcap.info-1 f lib/termcap/grot/termcap.info-2 f lib/termcap/grot/termcap.info-3 f lib/termcap/grot/termcap.info-4 f lib/termcap/grot/NEWS f lib/termcap/grot/INSTALL f lib/termcap/grot/ChangeLog f lib/termcap/grot/texinfo.tex f lib/termcap/grot/termcap.texi f lib/termcap/grot/Makefile.in f lib/termcap/grot/configure f lib/termcap/grot/configure.in f lib/termcap/grot/COPYING f lib/termcap/grot/README f lib/tilde/ChangeLog f lib/tilde/Makefile f lib/tilde/doc/tilde.texi f lib/tilde/doc/Makefile f lib/tilde/tilde.c f lib/tilde/tilde.h f lib/tilde/memalloc.h f CWRU/misc/open-files.c f CWRU/misc/sigs.c f CWRU/misc/pid.c f CWRU/misc/sigstat.c f CWRU/misc/bison f CWRU/misc/aux-mach-desc f CWRU/PLATFORMS f CWRU/README f CWRU/POSIX.NOTES f CWRU/changelog f CWRU/sh-redirection-hack f documentation/Makefile f documentation/bash.1 f documentation/bash.ps f documentation/bash.txt f documentation/README f documentation/readline.3 f documentation/readline.ps f documentation/readline.txt f documentation/texinfo.tex f documentation/features.texi f documentation/features.info f documentation/features.dvi f documentation/features.ps f documentation/builtins.1 f documentation/builtins.ps f documentation/builtins.txt f documentation/article.ms f documentation/article.ps f documentation/article.txt f support/cat-s f support/mksysdefs f support/printenv f support/getcppsyms.c f support/cppmagic f support/bash.xbm f support/FAQ f support/PORTING f support/mklinks f support/mkdirs f support/clone-bash f support/bashbug.sh f support/mkmachtype f support/recho.c f support/srcdir f support/SYMLINKS f support/fixlinks f examples/functions/substr f examples/functions/kshenv f examples/functions/autoload f examples/functions/csh-compat f examples/functions/shcat f examples/functions/substr2 f examples/functions/term f examples/functions/whatis f examples/functions/whence f examples/functions/func f examples/functions/dirname f examples/functions/dirfuncs f examples/functions/basename f examples/functions/exitstat f examples/functions/external f examples/functions/fact f examples/functions/manpage f examples/functions/fstty f examples/functions/jj.bash f examples/functions/notify.bash f examples/scripts/shprompt f examples/scripts/adventure.sh f examples/scripts/precedence f examples/scripts/bcsh.sh f examples/startup-files/Bashrc f examples/startup-files/Bash_aliases f examples/startup-files/Bash_profile f examples/startup-files/bash-profile f examples/startup-files/bashrc f examples/suncmd.termcap f examples/alias-conv.sh f tests/README f tests/dollar-at.sh f tests/dollar-star.sh f tests/dollar.right f tests/exp-tests f tests/exp.right f tests/glob-test f tests/glob.right f tests/ifs-test-1.sh f tests/ifs-test-2.sh f tests/ifs-test-3.sh f tests/ifs.1.right f tests/ifs.2.right f tests/ifs.3.right f tests/input-line.sh f tests/input-line.sub f tests/input.right f tests/minus-e f tests/minus-e.right f tests/new-exp.tests f tests/new-exp.right f tests/prec.right f tests/precedence f tests/run-all f tests/run-dollars f tests/run-exp-tests f tests/run-glob-test f tests/run-ifs-tests f tests/run-input-test f tests/run-minus-e f tests/run-new-exp f tests/run-precedence f tests/run-set-e-test f tests/run-strip f tests/run-varenv f tests/set-e-test f tests/set-e.right f tests/strip.tests f tests/strip.right f tests/tilde-tests f tests/tilde.right f tests/varenv.right f tests/varenv.sh f tests/misc/chld-trap.sh f tests/misc/dot-test-1.sh f tests/misc/dot-test-1.sub f tests/misc/gotest f tests/misc/perf-script f tests/misc/redir.t1.sh f tests/misc/redir.t2.sh f tests/misc/redir.t3.sh f tests/misc/redir.t3.sub f tests/misc/redir.t4.sh f tests/misc/run.r1.sh f tests/misc/run.r2.sh f tests/misc/run.r3.sh f tests/misc/sigint.t1.sh f tests/misc/sigint.t2.sh f tests/misc/sigint.t3.sh f tests/misc/sigint.t4.sh f tests/misc/test-minus-e.1 f tests/misc/test-minus-e.2 f portbash/signals.sh f portbash/stdio.sh f portbash/libc.sh f portbash/mkdesc.sh f portbash/README f portbash/strings.sh f portbash/syscalls.sh f portbash/pgrp.c f bash-1.14.3/Makefile 644 436 0 7654 5607251715 12335 0ustar chetwheel# Hey Emacs, this Makefile is in -*- makefile -*- mode! # # Makefile for Bash. # If your cpp doesn't like -P, just get rid of it (the -P, not cpp). # If you wish to use Gcc, then type `make CC=gcc CPPNAME='$(CC) -E''. # If you wish to use GNU's Make, then change `MAKE'. # If you don't like the destination, then change `bindir'. # The file that you most likely want to look at is cpp-Makefile. # # If you haven't read README, now might be a good time. # Include some boilerplate Gnu makefile definitions. prefix = /usr/local exec_prefix = $(prefix) bindir = $(exec_prefix)/bin srcdir = . VPATH = $(srcdir) # MAKE = make RM = rm -f SHELL = /bin/sh GAWK = awk # GAWK = gawk # Force CPPNAME to be the name of your C preprocesor if Bash can't # find it. For instance, `CPPNAME=/usr/libexec/cpp' on 4.4 BSD. # If all else fails, set CPPNAME=$(CC) -E CPPNAME = CPP = `/bin/sh $(CPPMAGIC) $(GETCPPSYMS) "$(CPPNAME)"` -P CPP_MAKEFILE = $(srcdir)/cpp-Makefile ANSI_MAKEFILE = ansi-Makefile # CPPFLAGS = $(SYSTEM) $(CPP_DEFINES) CPPFLAGS = $(CPP_DEFINES) -I. -I$(srcdir) CPP_ARGS = -DCPP_CC="$(CC)" SUPPORTDIR = ./support/ SUPPORTSRC = $(srcdir)/support/ MKSYSDEFS = $(SUPPORTSRC)mksysdefs CPPMAGIC = $(SUPPORTSRC)cppmagic CAT_S = $(SUPPORTSRC)cat-s GETCPPSYMS = $(SUPPORTDIR)getcppsyms GETCPPSYMS_SRC = $(SUPPORTSRC)getcppsyms.c # Here is a command which compresses runs of multiple blank lines to a # single blank line. "cat -s" works for BSD systems, but not for USG # systems. You can use an awk script if you like. If you have too # much trouble with this, just forget it. It is for making # bash-Makefile pretty and readable; something that isn't strictly # necessary. # SQUASH_BLANKS = cat -s # SQUASH_BLANKS = $(GAWK) -f $(CAT_S) all: .notified bash-Makefile $(MAKE) -f bash-Makefile $(MFLAGS) $(MAKEARGS) srcdir=$(srcdir) bash-Makefile: $(CPP_MAKEFILE) Makefile machines.h sysdefs.h config.h @-if [ -f ansi-Makefile ]; then \ echo "cp ansi-Makefile tmp-Makefile.c"; \ cp ansi-Makefile tmp-Makefile.c; else \ echo "cp $(CPP_MAKEFILE) tmp-Makefile.c"; \ cp $(CPP_MAKEFILE) tmp-Makefile.c; \ fi $(RM) $(GETCPPSYMS) $(SHELL) $(SUPPORTSRC)mkdirs support $(CC) -o $(GETCPPSYMS) $(GETCPPSYMS_SRC) rm -f bash-Makefile @$(SHELL) -c 'echo $(CPP) $(CPPFLAGS) $(CPP_ARGS) tmp-Makefile.c \| $(SQUASH_BLANKS) \> bash-Makefile' @$(SHELL) -c '$(CPP) $(CPPFLAGS) $(CPP_ARGS) tmp-Makefile.c | $(SQUASH_BLANKS) >bash-Makefile' rm -f tmp-Makefile.c @test -s bash-Makefile || { rm -f bash-Makefile ; exit 1; } sysdefs.h: $(MKSYSDEFS) $(SHELL) $(MKSYSDEFS) -s $(srcdir) # This is also performed by support/mksysdefs, but there's no way to change # it if cpp-Makefile is changed without changing anything else, since there # are no dependencies. This lets you run `make ansi-Makefile'. ansi-Makefile: $(CPP_MAKEFILE) grep -v '/\*\*/' $(CPP_MAKEFILE) > $@ # Subsequent lines contain targets that are correctly handled by an # existing bash-Makefile. install uninstall newversion architecture: bash-Makefile $(MAKE) -f bash-Makefile $(MFLAGS) $(MAKEARGS) bindir=$(bindir) \ prefix=$(prefix) $@ tests DEFINES tags documentation: bash-Makefile directory-frob $(MAKE) -f bash-Makefile $(MFLAGS) $(MAKEARGS) bindir=$(bindir) $@ clean distclean realclean: bash-Makefile directory-frob rm -f .notified $(MAKE) -f bash-Makefile $(MFLAGS) $(MAKEARGS) bindir=$(bindir) $@ directory-frob: .NOEXPORT: .notified: @echo "" @echo " You are about to make this version of GNU Bash for" @echo " this architecture for the first time. If you haven't" @echo " yet read the README file, you may want to do so. If" @echo " you wish to report a bug in Bash, or in the installation" @echo " procedure, please run the bashbug script and include:" @echo "" @echo " * a description of the bug," @echo " * a recipe for recreating the bug reliably," @echo " * a fix for the bug if you have one!" @echo "" @touch .notified bash-1.14.3/NEWS 664 436 0 16251 5700616520 11400 0ustar chetwheelThis file documents the bugs fixed between this release, bash-1.14.3, and the last bash release, 1.14.2. 1. Bugs fixed in Bash a. There is no longer a too-easy-to-type C-e vi-mode key binding that switches into emacs mode. b. A bug in bashline.c was corrected so that the vi-mode specific features are installed at initialization time. c. Hostname completion now looks for HOSTFILE before hostname_completion_file d. A bug was fixed that caused command substitution command completion to return a corrupted list of matches. e. A bug was fixed that prevented a backslash from escaping a brace to inhibit brace expansion. f. A bug that caused the wrong readline keymap to be used if bind -m failed was fixed. g. A stray `\r' was removed from an error message printed when bash cannot find the current directory at startup. h. `exec' no longer tries to manipulate the job control state if in a subshell. i. `exec' in a subshell exits unconditionally on failure. j. If `exec' does not exit after execve() failure, bash reinitializes the signal handlers. k. Fixed a bug that caused ~/.bash_logout to be executed multiple times if it contained a call to `exit'. l. `read' now strips IFS white space from the beginning of the line read. m. `read' uses " \t\n" to split words if IFS is unset. n. A bug was fixed so that `read' will return partial lines on EOF. o. `read' now checks that the variable names supplied as arguments are legal shell identifiers. p. `help select' and `help variables' now work. q. A bug was fixed that made `readonly -n' turn off a variable's readonly status. r. `shift' now does nothing but print an error message if the supplied count exceeds the number of positional parameters. s. A bug that caused `.' to set the wrong exit value for the shell if the filename argument was not found was fixed. t. `.' now prints an error message if no filename is supplied, rather than failing silently. u. Fixes to `ulimit' were made to accommodate versions of unix where the resource limit type is not a `long'. v. References to $< were removed from cpp-Makefile except in suffix pattern rules. w. A bug was fixed that prevented an `exit' command called in an exit trap from setting the shell's exit status. x. `for' and `select' no longer make the mistake of processing any of the words as variable assignments. y. A bug that caused `select' to dump core with empty lists was fixed. z. A bug was fixed that caused command lookup to not find any executables if PATH was unset or null. aa. Arithmetic evaluation error reporting is now much neater. bb. Job control now uses file descriptor 2 to reach the terminal rather than trying to open /dev/tty. cc. A bug that caused memory leaks in the filename globbing library was fixed. dd. Fixes to several machine descriptions: NetBSD, Ultrix, HPUX 8, HPUX 9, Cray, FreeBSD. ee. A bug was fixed that prevented `set -o emacs' and `set -o vi' from working correctly in files read by `.' or in `eval' commands. ff. Fixed a bug that caused syntax errors if a character with value octal 255 appeared in a script. gg. Prompt expansion no longer performs word splitting after variable and parameter expansion on the prompt string. hh. A bug that caused /etc/profile to be sourced by a login shell even if -noprofile was gived has been fixed. ii. If invoked non-interactively as `sh', bash no longer tries to expand and source $ENV jj. A bug was fixed that caused syntax and substitution errors in a shell started as `bash -c command' to return incorrect exit values. kk. A bug was fixed that caused $PROMPT_COMMAND to be executed when using `eval' in an interactive shell. ll. Interactive shells now send SIGHUP to their children if a SIGHUP is received. Previously, only login shells propagated SIGHUP. mm. Fixed a bug that caused command substitution to set the SIGINT handler incorrectly in the calling shell. nn. Fixed a bug with command substitution that occasionally caused processes to be placed into the wrong process group. oo. Fixed a bug that prevented SIGINT from being ignored after `trap '' SIGINT' in an interactive shell. pp. Command substitution no longer inherits the -e flag from the calling shell. qq. Assignment statements not preceding a command name are not split or globbed. rr. Fixed a bug that caused escaped double quotes in a double-quoted string to be incorrectly removed. ss. Fixes were made to bashbug to work around ultrix and rmail problems. tt. A bug was fixed that caused trap handlers which attempted to reset traps in functions that were called by the handler to set them to bogus values. uu. A bug was fixed that caused $BASH to be set to a bogus value if there was no `bash' executable in the path. vv. A bug that caused loops to be broken inappropriately if any child was stopped was fixed. ww. bashbug.sh now tries to use /usr/lib/sendmail -t or /usr/sbin/sendmail -t if present. xx. A bug that caused rl_completion_entry_function to be set incorrectly if readline completion was interrupted has been fixed. yy. A bug has been fixed that caused core dumps if a `)' was missing in a parenthesized `test' expression. zz. A bug causing incorrect results when using the ${param:-word} form of parameter expansion was fixed. 2. Bugs fixed in Readline a. A completion bug was fixed that caused matches containing 8-bit characters to be scrambled. b. Username completion now produces all usernames as possible completions after ~M-?. c. A bug that caused spurious clear-to-eol terminal sequences to be sent by the display code was fixed. d. A bug was fixed that caused the display code to sometimes calculate the line on which to place the cursor incorrectly. e. A bug was fixed that caused the history library to corrupt the readline buffer if !$ was used after a command with no arguments. f. Fixed a bug in keymap initialization that manifested itself if RUBOUT was not decimal 127. g. Readline no longer tries to expand null or empty prompts. h. Fixed a bug with macro definitions that caused meta characters to be added incorrectly. i. Fixed a bug that caused LC_CTYPE interpretation to be performed every time readline was called and did not allow those values to be overridden by ~/.inputrc. j. Fixed a bug in rl_delete_text that caused buffer overruns. k. Fixed a bug that prevented unix-word-rubout from accepting repeat counts. l. Readline no longer calls abort(). m. Readline no longer tries to manipulate the application keypad. n. Fixed a bug that caused readline to spin in a loop if tcgetattr failed after ^O was used to flush output. o. A bug was fixed that caused vi-mode history searches to leave the history pointer at the wrong position. p. A bug was fixed that caused the vi-mode `d%' and `c%' to delete one too few characters. q. A bug was fixed that caused the vi-mode `s' command to delete one too few characters at the end of a line. r. Readline now initializes keymaps up to a full 8 bits. s. A 257-character static limit on the length of the username to be tilde expanded was removed. bash-1.14.3/README 644 436 0 3564 5607251334 11546 0ustar chetwheelThis README file is in -*- text -*- mode, because Emacs likes it that way. This is GNU Bash, version 1.14. Bash is the GNU Project's Bourne Again SHell, an interactive shell with Bourne shell syntax (/bin/sh); but also with interactive command line editing, job control on architectures that support it, Csh-like history features and brace expansion, and a slew of other stuff. For more information on the features of Bash that are new to this type of shell, see the file `documentation/features.texi'. There is also a DVI file there, as well as a large man page. To compile it, try typing `make'. Bash auto-configures the build process, so no intervention should be necessary. If you want to use gcc, type `make CC=gcc CPPNAME='$(CC) -E''. You may want to read the file INSTALL in this directory for more information if the make fails. If you are a csh user and wish to convert your csh aliases to Bash aliases, you may wish to use the script in examples/alias-conv.sh as a starting point. Bug reports for 1.14 should be sent to: bug-bash@prep.ai.mit.edu using the `bashbug' program that is built and installed at the same time as bash. The discussion list "bug-bash@prep.ai.mit.edu" often contains information about new ports of Bash, or discussions of new features or behavior changes that people would like. This mailing list is also available as a usenet newsgroup: gnu.bash.bug. When you send a bug report to bash-maintainers@prep.ai.mit.edu, please include: * the version number of Bash * the machine and OS that it is running on (see .machine or .made) * a description of the bug * a recipe for recreating the bug reliably * a fix for the bug if you have one! The `bashbug' program includes much of this automatically. While the Bash maintainers do not promise to fix all bugs, we would like this shell to be the best that we can make it. Enjoy! Chet Ramey chet@po.cwru.edu bash-1.14.3/RELEASE 664 436 0 23145 5624703654 11716 0ustar chetwheelThis file details the changes between the previous release of bash (1.13.5) and this release (1.14.0). 1. New Features in Bash a. The source has been reorganized: nearly all extern function declarations have been moved to header files, function prototypes have been added to most header files, function declarations have been moved to file scope, dead code has been removed, the bash history code has been isolated in bashhist.[ch], and several new header files have been created b. `set -o posix' puts bash into Posix.2 mode c. If $POSIX_PEDANTIC exists in the initial environment or is assigned a value, bash enters Posix.2 mode d. Bash sets $OSTYPE to a string describing the UNIX version e. The features.info file was completely rewritten and now reflects the current state of things f. A manual page for readline is in documentation/readline.{3,ps} g. The test builtin emulates /dev/fd/x for systems without /dev/fd h. `dirs' has -n and +n options to access members of the directory stack i. Prompt string expansion handles invisible characters in the prompt; \[ and \] are used (and required) to start and end sequences of invisible chars j. NO_PROMPT_VARS has been removed k. New machine descriptions have been added: IBM AIX/ESA, NEC EWS, NetBSD, FreeBSD, QNX 4.2, concurrent, MIPS SVR4.2, Lynx 2.1 l. RESTRICTED_SHELL is no longer defined by default in config.h m. The version string in $BASH_VERSION has changed to dist.patch(build) n. $history_control has been renamed to $HISTCONTROL and now takes the value `ignoreboth' ($history_control is still accepted for backwards compatibility) o. There is a new program `bashbug' for reporting bugs. Eventually I will probably switch to gnats. p. auto_resume can take the values `exact' and `substring' q. `set -P' (`set -o physical') enables the same physical view of the file system that `nolinks' enables (`nolinks' will remain for one more release) r. There is a `mkmachtype' program to generate a GNU-style machine type string (e.g., `sparc-sun-sunos4.1.2') suitable for assigning to $MACHTYPE s. The variable $HISTCMD returns the current history number t. Variables in directory names are now expanded while doing completion u. The test suite has been expanded and is runnable as a regression test with `make tests' v. `bye' is no longer a builtin synonym for `exit' w. The ksh `select' control construct has been implemented x. The `ignoreeof' attribute can be inherited if $IGNOREEOF is exported y. The `USG-style' echo is now a configuration option. Define DEFAULT_ECHO_TO_USG for default \-interpretation without the -e flag z. There is a copy of an article I wrote about bash for the Linux Journal in documentation/article.{ms,ps} aa. The `pwd' builtin now obeys the setting of `set -o physical' (`nolinks') bb. Process substitution is no longer performed when the shell is in `posix mode' cc. Users may change the debugging and optimization flags to cc by specifying CFLAGS to make 2. New Features in Readline a. Readline now understands sequences of invisible characters in the prompt string, as long as they are escaped (e.g., by the bash \[ and \] escapes) b. A `set keymap' variable assignment c. A `bell-style' variable that can be set to `visible', `audio', or `none' d. A `show-all-if-ambiguous' variable, which causes non-unique completion to immediately list the possible completions e. An `output-meta' variable to make readline directly output chars with the eighth bit set f. New bindable readline commands: kill-whole-line, tilde-expand, vi-redo, vi-tilde-expand, emacs-editing-mode, non-incremental-forward-search-history-again, non-incremental-reverse-search-history-again g. New history-search-forward and history-search-backward to search for the characters between the start of the current line and point h. Readline takes the name of the startup file from the INPUTRC variable before defaulting to ~/.inputrc i. isearch no longer finds identical lines multiple times in succession j. M-C-H bound to backward-kill-word in emacs mode k. M-~ bound to tilde-expand in emacs mode l. History expansion is now fully csh-compatible: missing modifiers and substitutions have been added, and bugs fixed m. When asking whether or not to display the possible completions, readline now accepts space as equivalent to `y' and rubout for `n' n. Readline now attempts to find and bind the arrow keys into the vi mode movement keymap 3. Bugs fixed in Bash a. Portability fixes: `index' and `rindex' are gone completely, many OS-specific defines have been replaced with feature-test macros, the use of alloca has been reduced, and other platform-specific fixes (e.g. cray) have been made b. The man page has been fixed up and brought up to date c. Speed improvements: here documents, variable expansion, history expansion, command substitution d. If history is stifled, the history list replaces the history file at exit e. Asynchronous jobs re-run with fc -s now print the job number f. Output redirections do not perform filename expansion in Posix.2 mode when the shell is not interactive g. operate_and_get_next now works on the most recent line even if the history is unstifled h. $PROMPT_COMMAND execution no longer causes recursive invocations of yyparse() i. An error message is printed if job control initialization fails j. A command found in $PATH from the temporary environment is not hashed k. Errors display the name of the script if the shell is not interactive l. Fixed expression evaluation so blank expressions return 0 m. Fixed a bug that caused SIGINT and SIGQUIT not to be ignored in some asynchronous children n. Pipes used for /dev/fd process substitution are now closed on errors o. Fixed /dev/null redirection so that ( list ) subshells inherit the `stdin-has-been-redirected' flag as in sh p. Process substitution now works only when unquoted q. Fixed a bug where the async flag was added inappropriately in a command like `a;b;c;d &' r. Fixed off-by-one bug which caused negative history offsets in `fc' to be wrong s. Shell now remembers mail dates at startup on all systems t. Posix systems without job control no longer create so many zombies u. $ENV is now sourced by shells forked to execute scripts without a leading `#!' line v. Non-root users can now use the `unlimited' argument to ulimit and have the resource value set to the hard limit w. Made bash more sh-compatible by assigning the first argument after `-c command' to $0 x. Fixed mail checking bug to note that *new* mail has arrived y. Fixed off-by-one error in mailcheck.c:free_mail_files() z. Fixed a bug where command strings passed to `bash -c' would be truncated after executing the first disk command in the string aa. Fixed a bug which caused redirections passed to executable commands with input or output pipes to be closed before the command was executed bb. Fixed a bug which caused bash to search for files supplied on the command line in the $PATH if the initial open failed, even if the names contained a slash cc. The initial argument parsing was fixed up so that other options can be supplied with -c (that is, `sh -ec command' now works as make intends), and so `bash -o' lists all the shell options at startup. dd. Error messages are consistently prefixed with the name of the shell or shell script when non-interactive. ee. Fixed up a problem with the `read' builtin that occurred when more variables than arguments were supplied. ff. Unset the variables passed to `read' as arguments when EOF is read from stdin (sh, Posix.2 compatibility). gg. Fixes to the command printing code to make the output of `type' available as legal shell input. ii. Fixes so that command completion is attempted after all of the shell command separator characters. jj. Fixes to the shell completion code so that it handles quoted characters and substrings better. kk. Bash no longer looks through $PATH for a shell script passed as an argument if the name contains slashes. ll. Bash now checks that the `name' in a `name[=value]' argument to `declare' (and thus `typeset', `export', and `readonly') is a legal shell variable name. 4. Bugs fixed in Readline a. The ^W and ^U bindings in non-incremental search mode have been changed to be closer to what Posix specifies b. Tries to initialize the keypad to enable the arrow keys c. Multiple words are now killed and yanked in the right order d. rl_read_init_file now reads filenames in a more regular order: the last one read, $INPUTRC, then ~/.inputrc e. yank_nth_arg inserts a space in the right place in vi mode f. Fixed a bug in the history library that tried to write to a file opened O_RDONLY g. Binding of `0' in vi command mode is now right h. The VISIBLE_STATS completion listing code now follows symlinks i. Memory allocated with alloca() is no longer passed to other functions j. Error messages are now printed for unrecognized history modifiers k. Fixed a problem with history library and `!#'; now it is more csh-like. l. Fixed a csh incompatibility in the history library: now only an end of line or `?' terminates a ?string history search string. m. Fixed a problem with readline completion that sometimes caused possible matches to be listed one per line when `show-all-if-ambiguous' was set. n. Fixed a problem in the readline display code that caused divide-by-zero errors. o. Fixed an off-by-one error in the kill ring reallocation code. bash-1.14.3/alias.c 644 436 0 32507 5611262357 12144 0ustar chetwheel/* alias.c -- Not a full alias, but just the kind that we use in the shell. Csh style alias is somewhere else (`over there, in a box'). */ /* Copyright (C) 1987,1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc. This file is part of GNU Bash, the Bourne Again SHell. Bash is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 1, or (at your option) any later version. Bash is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details. You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with Bash; see the file COPYING. If not, write to the Free Software Foundation, 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. */ #include #include "bashansi.h" #include "config.h" #include "command.h" #include "general.h" #include "hash.h" #include "alias.h" static int qsort_alias_compare (); /* Non-zero means expand all words on the line. Otherwise, expand after first expansion if the expansion ends in a space. */ int alias_expand_all = 0; /* The list of aliases that we have. */ HASH_TABLE *aliases = (HASH_TABLE *)NULL; void initialize_aliases () { if (!aliases) aliases = make_hash_table (0); } /* Scan the list of aliases looking for one with NAME. Return NULL if the alias doesn't exist, else a pointer to the assoc. */ ASSOC * find_alias (name) char *name; { BUCKET_CONTENTS *al; if (!aliases) return ((ASSOC *)NULL); else al = find_hash_item (name, aliases); if (al) return ((ASSOC *)al->data); else return ((ASSOC *)NULL); } /* Return the value of the alias for NAME, or NULL if there is none. */ char * get_alias_value (name) char *name; { ASSOC *alias = find_alias (name); if (alias) return (alias->value); else return ((char *)NULL); } /* Make a new alias from NAME and VALUE. If NAME can be found, then replace its value. */ void add_alias (name, value) char *name, *value; { ASSOC *temp = (ASSOC *)NULL; if (!aliases) initialize_aliases (); else temp = find_alias (name); if (temp) { free (temp->value); temp->value = savestring (value); } else { BUCKET_CONTENTS *elt; temp = (ASSOC *)xmalloc (sizeof (ASSOC)); temp->name = savestring (name); temp->value = savestring (value); elt = add_hash_item (savestring (name), aliases); elt->data = (char *)temp; } } /* Remove the alias with name NAME from the alias table. Returns the number of aliases left in the table, or -1 if the alias didn't exist. */ int remove_alias (name) char *name; { BUCKET_CONTENTS *elt; if (!aliases) return (-1); elt = remove_hash_item (name, aliases); if (elt) { ASSOC *t; t = (ASSOC *)elt->data; free (t->name); free (t->value); free (elt->key); /* alias name */ free (t); return (aliases->nentries); } return (-1); } /* Delete a hash bucket chain of aliases. */ static void delete_alias_list (alias_list) BUCKET_CONTENTS *alias_list; { register BUCKET_CONTENTS *bp, *temp; register ASSOC *a; for (bp = alias_list; bp; ) { temp = bp->next; a = (ASSOC *)bp->data; free (a->value); free (a->name); free (bp->data); free (bp->key); free (bp); bp = temp; } } /* Delete all aliases. */ void delete_all_aliases () { register int i; if (!aliases) return; for (i = 0; i < aliases->nbuckets; i++) { register BUCKET_CONTENTS *bp; bp = get_hash_bucket (i, aliases); delete_alias_list (bp); } free (aliases); aliases = (HASH_TABLE *)NULL; } /* Return an array of aliases that satisfy the conditions tested by FUNCTION. If FUNCTION is NULL, return all aliases. */ static ASSOC ** map_over_aliases (function) Function *function; { register int i; register BUCKET_CONTENTS *tlist; ASSOC *alias, **list = (ASSOC **)NULL; int list_index = 0, list_size = 0; for (i = 0; i < aliases->nbuckets; i++) { tlist = get_hash_bucket (i, aliases); while (tlist) { alias = (ASSOC *)tlist->data; if (!function || (*function) (alias)) { if (list_index + 1 >= list_size) list = (ASSOC **) xrealloc ((char *)list, (list_size += 20) * sizeof (ASSOC *)); list[list_index++] = alias; list[list_index] = (ASSOC *)NULL; } tlist = tlist->next; } } return (list); } static void sort_aliases (array) ASSOC **array; { qsort (array, array_len ((char **)array), sizeof (ASSOC *), qsort_alias_compare); } static int qsort_alias_compare (as1, as2) ASSOC **as1, **as2; { int result; if ((result = (*as1)->name[0] - (*as2)->name[0]) == 0) result = strcmp ((*as1)->name, (*as2)->name); return (result); } /* Return a sorted list of all defined aliases */ ASSOC ** all_aliases () { ASSOC **list; if (!aliases) return ((ASSOC **)NULL); list = map_over_aliases ((Function *)NULL); if (list) sort_aliases (list); return (list); } char * alias_expand_word (s) char *s; { ASSOC *r = find_alias (s); if (r) return (savestring (r->value)); else return ((char *)NULL); } /* Return non-zero if CHARACTER is a member of the class of characters that are self-delimiting in the shell (this really means that these characters delimit tokens). */ #define self_delimiting(character) (member ((character), " \t\n\r;|&()")) /* Return non-zero if CHARACTER is a member of the class of characters that delimit commands in the shell. */ #define command_separator(character) (member ((character), "\r\n;|&(")) /* If this is 1, we are checking the next token read for alias expansion because it is the first word in a command. */ static int command_word; /* This is for skipping quoted strings in alias expansions. */ #define quote_char(c) (((c) == '\'') || ((c) == '"')) /* Consume a quoted string from STRING, starting at string[START] (so string[START] is the opening quote character), and return the index of the closing quote character matching the opening quote character. This handles single matching pairs of unquoted quotes; it could afford to be a little smarter... This skips words between balanced pairs of quotes, words where the first character is quoted with a `\', and other backslash-escaped characters. */ static int skipquotes (string, start) char *string; int start; { register int i; int delimiter = string[start]; /* i starts at START + 1 because string[START] is the opening quote character. */ for (i = start + 1 ; string[i] ; i++) { if (string[i] == '\\') { i++; /* skip backslash-quoted quote characters, too */ continue; } if (string[i] == delimiter) return i; } return (i); } /* Skip the white space and any quoted characters in STRING, starting at START. Return the new index into STRING, after zero or more characters have been skipped. */ static int skipws (string, start) char *string; int start; { register int i = 0; int pass_next, backslash_quoted_word, peekc; /* skip quoted strings, in ' or ", and words in which a character is quoted with a `\'. */ backslash_quoted_word = pass_next = 0; /* Skip leading whitespace (or separator characters), and quoted words. But save it in the output. */ for (i = start; string[i]; i++) { if (pass_next) { pass_next = 0; continue; } if (whitespace (string[i])) { backslash_quoted_word = 0; /* we are no longer in a backslash-quoted word */ continue; } if (string[i] == '\\') { peekc = string[i+1]; if (isletter (peekc)) backslash_quoted_word++; /* this is a backslash-quoted word */ else pass_next++; continue; } /* This only handles single pairs of non-escaped quotes. This overloads backslash_quoted_word to also mean that a word like ""f is being scanned, so that the quotes will inhibit any expansion of the word. */ if (quote_char(string[i])) { i = skipquotes (string, i); /* This could be a line that contains a single quote character, in which case skipquotes () terminates with string[i] == '\0' (the end of the string). Check for that here. */ if (string[i] == '\0') break; peekc = string[i + 1]; if (isletter (peekc)) backslash_quoted_word++; continue; } /* If we're in the middle of some kind of quoted word, let it pass through. */ if (backslash_quoted_word) continue; /* If this character is a shell command separator, then set a hint for alias_expand that the next token is the first word in a command. */ if (command_separator (string[i])) { command_word++; continue; } break; } return (i); } /* Characters that may appear in a token. Basically, anything except white space and a token separator. */ #define token_char(c) (!((whitespace (string[i]) || self_delimiting (string[i])))) /* Read from START in STRING until the next separator character, and return the index of that separator. Skip backslash-quoted characters. Call skipquotes () for quoted strings in the middle or at the end of tokens, so all characters show up (e.g. foo'' and foo""bar) */ static int rd_token (string, start) char *string; int start; { register int i; /* From here to next separator character is a token. */ for (i = start; string[i] && token_char (string[i]); i++) { if (string[i] == '\\') { i++; /* skip backslash-escaped character */ continue; } /* If this character is a quote character, we want to call skipquotes to get the whole quoted portion as part of this word. That word will not generally match an alias, even if te unquoted word would have. The presence of the quotes in the token serves then to inhibit expansion. */ if (quote_char (string[i])) { i = skipquotes (string, i); /* Now string[i] is the matching quote character, and the quoted portion of the token has been scanned. */ continue; } } return (i); } /* Return a new line, with any aliases substituted. */ char * alias_expand (string) char *string; { int line_len = 1 + strlen (string); char *line = (char *)xmalloc (line_len); register int i, j, start; char *token = xmalloc (line_len); int tl, real_start, expand_next, expand_this_token; ASSOC *alias; line[0] = i = 0; expand_next = 0; command_word = 1; /* initialized to expand the first word on the line */ /* Each time through the loop we find the next word in line. If it has an alias, substitute the alias value. If the value ends in ` ', then try again with the next word. Else, if there is no value, or if the value does not end in space, we are done. */ for (;;) { token[0] = 0; start = i; /* Skip white space and quoted characters */ i = skipws (string, start); if (start == i && string[i] == '\0') { free (token); return (line); } /* copy the just-skipped characters into the output string, expanding it if there is not enough room. */ j = strlen (line); tl = i - start; /* number of characters just skipped */ if (1 + j + tl >= line_len) line = (char *)xrealloc (line, line_len += (50 + tl)); strncpy (line + j, string + start, tl); line[j + tl] = '\0'; real_start = i; command_word = command_word || (command_separator (string[i])); expand_this_token = (command_word || expand_next); expand_next = 0; /* Read the next token, and copy it into TOKEN. */ start = i; i = rd_token (string, start); tl = i - start; /* token length */ /* If tl == 0, but we're not at the end of the string, then we have a single-character token, probably a delimiter */ if (tl == 0 && string[i] != '\0') { tl = 1; i++; /* move past it */ } strncpy (token, string + start, tl); token [tl] = '\0'; /* If there is a backslash-escaped character quoted in TOKEN, then we don't do alias expansion. This should check for all other quoting characters, too. */ if (strchr (token, '\\')) expand_this_token = 0; /* If we should be expanding here, if we are expanding all words, or if we are in a location in the string where an expansion is supposed to take place, see if this word has a substitution. If it does, then do the expansion. Note that we defer the alias value lookup until we are sure we are expanding this token. */ if ((token[0]) && (expand_this_token || alias_expand_all) && (alias = find_alias (token))) { char *v = alias->value; int l = strlen (v); /* +3 because we possibly add one more character below. */ if ((l + 3) > line_len - (int)strlen (line)) line = (char *)xrealloc (line, line_len += (50 + l)); strcat (line, v); if ((expand_this_token && l && whitespace (v[l - 1])) || alias_expand_all) expand_next = 1; } else { int ll = strlen (line); int tlen = i - real_start; /* tlen == strlen(token) */ if (ll + tlen + 2 > line_len) line = (char *)xrealloc (line, line_len += 50 + ll + tlen); strncpy (line + ll, string + real_start, tlen); line[ll + tlen] = '\0'; } command_word = 0; } } bash-1.14.3/alias.h 644 436 0 4214 5550356056 12125 0ustar chetwheel/* alias.h -- structure definitions. */ /* Copyright (C) 1987,1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc. This file is part of GNU Bash, the Bourne Again SHell. Bash is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 1, or (at your option) any later version. Bash is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details. You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with Bash; see the file COPYING. If not, write to the Free Software Foundation, 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. */ #if !defined (_ALIAS_) #define _ALIAS_ #include "hash.h" extern char *xmalloc (); #if !defined (whitespace) # define whitespace(c) (((c) == ' ') || ((c) == '\t')) #endif /* !whitespace */ #if !defined (savestring) # define savestring(x) (char *)strcpy (xmalloc (1 + strlen (x)), (x)) #endif /* !savestring */ #if !defined (NULL) # if defined (__STDC__) # define NULL ((void *) 0) # else # define NULL 0x0 # endif /* !__STDC__ */ #endif /* !NULL */ typedef struct { char *name; char *value; } ASSOC; /* The list of known aliases. */ extern HASH_TABLE *aliases; extern void initialize_aliases (); /* Scan the list of aliases looking for one with NAME. Return NULL if the alias doesn't exist, else a pointer to the assoc. */ extern ASSOC *find_alias (); /* Return the value of the alias for NAME, or NULL if there is none. */ extern char *get_alias_value (); /* Make a new alias from NAME and VALUE. If NAME can be found, then replace its value. */ extern void add_alias (); /* Remove the alias with name NAME from the alias list. Returns the index of the removed alias, or -1 if the alias didn't exist. */ extern int remove_alias (); /* Return a new line, with any aliases expanded. */ extern char *alias_expand (); /* Return an array of all defined aliases. */ extern ASSOC **all_aliases (); #endif /* _ALIAS_ */ bash-1.14.3/ansi_stdlib.h 664 436 0 2450 5505132121 13312 0ustar chetwheel/* ansi_stdlib.h -- An ANSI Standard stdlib.h. */ /* A minimal stdlib.h containing extern declarations for those functions that bash uses. */ /* Copyright (C) 1993 Free Software Foundation, Inc. This file is part of GNU Bash, the Bourne Again SHell. Bash is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option) any later version. Bash is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details. You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with Bash; see the file COPYING. If not, write to the Free Software Foundation, 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. */ #if !defined (_STDLIB_H_) #define _STDLIB_H_ 1 /* String conversion functions. */ extern int atoi (); extern long int atol (); /* Memory allocation functions. */ extern char *malloc (); extern char *realloc (); extern void free (); /* Other miscellaneous functions. */ extern void abort (); extern void exit (); extern char *getenv (); extern void qsort (); #endif /* _STDLIB_H */ bash-1.14.3/bashansi.h 664 436 0 2216 5505132140 12610 0ustar chetwheel/* bashansi.h -- Typically included information required by picky compilers. */ /* Copyright (C) 1993 Free Software Foundation, Inc. This file is part of GNU Bash, the Bourne Again SHell. Bash is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option) any later version. Bash is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details. You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with Bash; see the file COPYING. If not, write to the Free Software Foundation, 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. */ #if !defined (_BASHANSI_H_) #define _BASHANSI_H_ #if defined (HAVE_STRING_H) # include #else # include #endif /* !HAVE_STRING_H */ #if defined (HAVE_STDLIB_H) # include #else # include "ansi_stdlib.h" #endif /* !HAVE_STDLIB_H */ #endif /* !_BASHANSI_H_ */ bash-1.14.3/bashhist.c 644 436 0 24024 5532666003 12651 0ustar chetwheel/* bashhist.c -- bash interface to the GNU history library. */ /* Copyright (C) 1993 Free Software Foundation, Inc. This file is part of GNU Bash, the Bourne Again SHell. Bash is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option) any later version. Bash is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details. You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with Bash; see the file COPYING. If not, write to the Free Software Foundation, 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. */ #include #include #include #include "bashansi.h" #include "posixstat.h" #include "filecntl.h" #include "shell.h" #include "flags.h" #include /* Declarations of bash history variables. */ /* Non-zero means to remember lines typed to the shell on the history list. This is different than the user-controlled behaviour; this becomes zero when we read lines from a file, for example. */ int remember_on_history = 1; /* The number of lines that Bash has added to this history session. */ int history_lines_this_session = 0; /* The number of lines that Bash has read from the history file. */ int history_lines_in_file = 0; /* Non-zero means do no history expansion on this line, regardless of what history_expansion says. */ int history_expansion_inhibited = 0; /* By default, every line is saved in the history individually. I.e., if the user enters: bash$ for i in a b c > do > echo $i > done Each line will be individually saved in the history. bash$ history 10 for i in a b c 11 do 12 echo $i 13 done 14 history If the variable command_oriented_history is set, multiple lines which form one command will be saved as one history entry. bash$ for i in a b c > do > echo $i > done bash$ history 10 for i in a b c do echo $i done 11 history The user can then recall the whole command all at once instead of just being able to recall one line at a time. */ int command_oriented_history = 0; /* A nit for picking at history saving. Value of 0 means save all lines parsed by the shell on the history. Value of 1 means save all lines that do not start with a space. Value of 2 means save all lines that do not match the last line saved. */ int history_control = 0; /* Variables declared in other files used here. */ extern int interactive; extern int current_command_line_count; extern int delimiter_depth; extern char *history_delimiting_chars (); extern void maybe_add_history (); /* forward declaration */ static void bash_add_history (); /* Load the history list from the history file. */ void load_history () { char *hf; /* Truncate history file for interactive shells which desire it. Note that the history file is automatically truncated to the size of HISTSIZE if the user does not explicitly set the size differently. */ set_if_not ("HISTFILESIZE", get_string_value ("HISTSIZE")); stupidly_hack_special_variables ("HISTFILESIZE"); /* Read the history in HISTFILE into the history list. */ hf = get_string_value ("HISTFILE"); if (hf && *hf) { struct stat buf; if (stat (hf, &buf) == 0) { read_history (hf); using_history (); history_lines_in_file = where_history (); } } } /* Write the existing history out to the history file. */ void save_history () { char *hf = get_string_value ("HISTFILE"); if (hf && *hf) { struct stat buf; if (stat (hf, &buf) == 0) { /* Append only the lines that occurred this session to the history file. */ using_history (); if (history_lines_this_session < where_history ()) append_history (history_lines_this_session, hf); else write_history (hf); } } } /* If this is an interactive shell, then append the lines executed this session to the history file. */ int maybe_save_shell_history () { int result = 0; if (interactive && history_lines_this_session) { char *hf = get_string_value ("HISTFILE"); if (hf && *hf) { struct stat buf; /* If the file doesn't exist, then create it. */ if (stat (hf, &buf) == -1) { int file = open (hf, O_CREAT | O_TRUNC | O_WRONLY, 0666); if (file != -1) close (file); } /* Now actually append the lines if the history hasn't been stifled. If the history has been stifled, rewrite the history file. */ using_history (); if (history_lines_this_session <= where_history ()) { result = append_history (history_lines_this_session, hf); history_lines_in_file += history_lines_this_session; } else { result = write_history (hf); history_lines_in_file = history_lines_this_session; } history_lines_this_session = 0; } } return (result); } #if defined (HISTORY_REEDITING) /* Tell readline () that we have some text for it to edit. */ static void re_edit (text) char *text; { #if defined (READLINE) if (strcmp (bash_input.name, "readline stdin") == 0) bash_re_edit (text); #endif /* READLINE */ } #endif /* HISTORY_REEDITING */ /* Do pre-processing on LINE. If PRINT_CHANGES is non-zero, then print the results of expanding the line if there were any changes. If there is an error, return NULL, otherwise the expanded line is returned. If ADDIT is non-zero the line is added to the history list after history expansion. ADDIT is just a suggestion; REMEMBER_ON_HISTORY can veto, and does. Right now this does history expansion. */ char * pre_process_line (line, print_changes, addit) char *line; int print_changes, addit; { char *history_value; char *return_value; int expanded = 0; return_value = line; # if defined (BANG_HISTORY) /* History expand the line. If this results in no errors, then add that line to the history if ADDIT is non-zero. */ if (!history_expansion_inhibited && history_expansion) { expanded = history_expand (line, &history_value); if (expanded) { if (print_changes) { if (expanded < 0) internal_error (history_value); else fprintf (stderr, "%s\n", history_value); } /* If there was an error, return NULL. */ if (expanded < 0 || expanded == 2) /* 2 == print only */ { free (history_value); # if defined (HISTORY_REEDITING) /* New hack. We can allow the user to edit the failed history expansion. */ re_edit (line); # endif /* HISTORY_REEDITING */ return ((char *)NULL); } } /* Let other expansions know that return_value can be free'ed, and that a line has been added to the history list. Note that we only add lines that have something in them. */ expanded = 1; return_value = history_value; } # endif /* BANG_HISTORY */ if (addit && remember_on_history && *return_value) maybe_add_history (return_value); if (!expanded) return_value = savestring (line); return (return_value); } /* Add LINE to the history list depending on the value of HISTORY_CONTROL. */ void maybe_add_history (line) char *line; { int h; /* Don't use the value of history_control to affect the second and subsequent lines of a multi-line command when command_oriented_history is enabled. */ if (command_oriented_history && current_command_line_count > 1) h = 0; else h = history_control; switch (h) { case 0: bash_add_history (line); break; case 1: if (*line != ' ') bash_add_history (line); break; case 3: if (*line == ' ') break; /* FALLTHROUGH if case == 3 (`ignoreboth') */ case 2: { HIST_ENTRY *temp; using_history (); temp = previous_history (); if (!temp || (STREQ (temp->line, line) == 0)) bash_add_history (line); using_history (); } break; } } /* Add a line to the history list. The variable COMMAND_ORIENTED_HISTORY controls the style of history remembering; when non-zero, and LINE is not the first line of a complete parser construct, append LINE to the last history line instead of adding it as a new line. */ static void bash_add_history (line) char *line; { int add_it = 1; if (command_oriented_history && current_command_line_count > 1) { register int offset; register HIST_ENTRY *current, *old; char *chars_to_add, *new_line; chars_to_add = history_delimiting_chars (); using_history (); current = previous_history (); if (current) { /* If the previous line ended with an escaped newline (escaped with backslash, but otherwise unquoted), then remove the quoted newline, since that is what happens when the line is parsed. */ int curlen; curlen = strlen (current->line); if (!delimiter_depth && current->line[curlen - 1] == '\\' && current->line[curlen - 2] != '\\') { current->line[curlen - 1] = '\0'; curlen--; chars_to_add = ""; } offset = where_history (); new_line = (char *) xmalloc (1 + curlen + strlen (line) + strlen (chars_to_add)); sprintf (new_line, "%s%s%s", current->line, chars_to_add, line); old = replace_history_entry (offset, new_line, current->data); free (new_line); if (old) { /* Note that the old data is not freed, since it was simply copied to the new history entry. */ if (old->line) free (old->line); free (old); } add_it = 0; } } if (add_it) { add_history (line); history_lines_this_session++; } using_history (); } int history_number () { using_history (); if (get_string_value ("HISTSIZE")) return (history_base + where_history ()); else return (1); /* default to command number 1 */ } bash-1.14.3/bashhist.h 664 436 0 2642 5532475653 12653 0ustar chetwheel/* bashhist.h -- interface to the bash history functions in bashhist.c. */ /* Copyright (C) 1993 Free Software Foundation, Inc. This file is part of GNU Bash, the Bourne Again SHell. Bash is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option) any later version. Bash is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details. You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with Bash; see the file COPYING. If not, write to the Free Software Foundation, 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. */ #if !defined (__BASHHIST_H__) #define __BASHHIST_H__ extern int remember_on_history; extern int history_lines_this_session; extern int history_lines_in_file; extern int history_expansion; extern int history_control; extern int command_oriented_history; # if defined (BANG_HISTORY) extern int history_expansion_inhibited; # endif /* BANG_HISTORY */ extern void load_history (); extern void save_history (); extern int maybe_save_shell_history (); extern char *pre_process_line (); extern int history_number (); extern void maybe_add_history (); #endif /* __BASHHIST_H__ */ bash-1.14.3/bashline.c 644 436 0 132161 5676374465 12674 0ustar chetwheel/* bashline.c -- Bash's interface to the readline library. */ /* Copyright (C) 1987,1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc. This file is part of GNU Bash, the Bourne Again SHell. Bash is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 1, or (at your option) any later version. Bash is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details. You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with Bash; see the file COPYING. If not, write to the Free Software Foundation, 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. */ #include "bashtypes.h" #include "posixstat.h" #include #include "bashansi.h" #include #include #include #include "shell.h" #include "builtins.h" #include "builtins/common.h" #include "bashhist.h" #include "execute_cmd.h" #if defined (ALIAS) # include "alias.h" #endif #if defined (BRACE_EXPANSION) # define BRACE_COMPLETION #endif /* BRACE_EXPANSION */ #if defined (BRACE_COMPLETION) extern void bash_brace_completion (); #endif /* BRACE_COMPLETION */ /* Functions bound to keys in Readline for Bash users. */ static void shell_expand_line (); static void display_shell_version (), operate_and_get_next (); static void history_expand_line (), bash_ignore_filenames (); /* Helper functions for Readline. */ static int bash_directory_completion_hook (); static void filename_completion_ignore (); static void bash_push_line (); static char **attempt_shell_completion (); static char *variable_completion_function (); static char *hostname_completion_function (); static char *command_word_completion_function (); static char *command_subst_completion_function (); static void snarf_hosts_from_file (), add_host_name (); static void sort_hostname_list (); #define DYNAMIC_HISTORY_COMPLETION #if defined (DYNAMIC_HISTORY_COMPLETION) static void dynamic_complete_history (); #endif /* DYNAMIC_HISTORY_COMPLETION */ /* Variables used here but defined in other files. */ extern int posixly_correct, no_symbolic_links; extern int rl_explicit_arg; extern char *current_prompt_string, *ps1_prompt; extern STRING_INT_ALIST word_token_alist[]; extern Function *rl_last_func; extern int rl_filename_completion_desired; /* SPECIFIC_COMPLETION_FUNCTIONS specifies that we have individual completion functions which indicate what type of completion should be done (at or before point) that can be bound to key sequences with the readline library. */ #define SPECIFIC_COMPLETION_FUNCTIONS #if defined (SPECIFIC_COMPLETION_FUNCTIONS) static void bash_specific_completion (), bash_complete_filename (), bash_possible_filename_completions (), bash_complete_filename_internal (), bash_complete_username (), bash_possible_username_completions (), bash_complete_username_internal (), bash_complete_hostname (), bash_possible_hostname_completions (), bash_complete_hostname_internal (), bash_complete_variable (), bash_possible_variable_completions (), bash_complete_variable_internal (), bash_complete_command (), bash_possible_command_completions (), bash_complete_command_internal (); #endif /* SPECIFIC_COMPLETION_FUNCTIONS */ /* Non-zero once initalize_readline () has been called. */ int bash_readline_initialized = 0; #if defined (VI_MODE) static void vi_edit_and_execute_command (); extern char *rl_vi_comment_begin; #endif static Function *old_rl_startup_hook = (Function *) NULL; /* Change the readline VI-mode keymaps into or out of Posix.2 compliance. Called when the shell is put into or out of `posix' mode. */ void posix_readline_initialize (on_or_off) int on_or_off; { #if defined (VI_MODE) if (on_or_off) { rl_bind_key_in_map (CTRL('I'), rl_insert, vi_insertion_keymap); if (rl_vi_comment_begin) free (rl_vi_comment_begin); rl_vi_comment_begin = savestring ("#"); } else rl_bind_key_in_map (CTRL('I'), rl_complete, vi_insertion_keymap); #endif } /* Called once from parse.y if we are going to use readline. */ void initialize_readline () { if (bash_readline_initialized) return; rl_terminal_name = get_string_value ("TERM"); rl_instream = stdin; rl_outstream = stderr; rl_special_prefixes = "$@"; /* Allow conditional parsing of the ~/.inputrc file. */ rl_readline_name = "Bash"; /* Bind up our special shell functions. */ rl_add_defun ("shell-expand-line", (Function *)shell_expand_line, -1); rl_bind_key_in_map (CTRL('E'), (Function *)shell_expand_line, emacs_meta_keymap); /* Bind up our special shell functions. */ rl_add_defun ("history-expand-line", (Function *)history_expand_line, -1); rl_bind_key_in_map ('^', (Function *)history_expand_line, emacs_meta_keymap); /* Backwards compatibility. */ rl_add_defun ("insert-last-argument", rl_yank_last_arg, -1); rl_add_defun ("operate-and-get-next", (Function *)operate_and_get_next, CTRL('O')); rl_add_defun ("display-shell-version", (Function *)display_shell_version, -1); rl_bind_key_in_map (CTRL ('V'), (Function *)display_shell_version, emacs_ctlx_keymap); /* In Bash, the user can switch editing modes with "set -o [vi emacs]", so it is not necessary to allow C-M-j for context switching. Turn off this occasionally confusing behaviour. */ rl_unbind_key_in_map (CTRL('J'), emacs_meta_keymap); rl_unbind_key_in_map (CTRL('M'), emacs_meta_keymap); #if defined (VI_MODE) rl_unbind_key_in_map (CTRL('E'), vi_movement_keymap); #endif #if defined (BRACE_COMPLETION) rl_add_defun ("complete-into-braces", bash_brace_completion, -1); rl_bind_key_in_map ('{', bash_brace_completion, emacs_meta_keymap); #endif /* BRACE_COMPLETION */ #if defined (SPECIFIC_COMPLETION_FUNCTIONS) rl_add_defun ("complete-filename", bash_complete_filename, -1); rl_bind_key_in_map ('/', bash_complete_filename, emacs_meta_keymap); rl_add_defun ("possible-filename-completions", bash_possible_filename_completions, -1); rl_bind_key_in_map ('/', bash_possible_filename_completions, emacs_ctlx_keymap); rl_add_defun ("complete-username", bash_complete_username, -1); rl_bind_key_in_map ('~', bash_complete_username, emacs_meta_keymap); rl_add_defun ("possible-username-completions", bash_possible_username_completions, -1); rl_bind_key_in_map ('~', bash_possible_username_completions, emacs_ctlx_keymap); rl_add_defun ("complete-hostname", bash_complete_hostname, -1); rl_bind_key_in_map ('@', bash_complete_hostname, emacs_meta_keymap); rl_add_defun ("possible-hostname-completions", bash_possible_hostname_completions, -1); rl_bind_key_in_map ('@', bash_possible_hostname_completions, emacs_ctlx_keymap); rl_add_defun ("complete-variable", bash_complete_variable, -1); rl_bind_key_in_map ('$', bash_complete_variable, emacs_meta_keymap); rl_add_defun ("possible-variable-completions", bash_possible_variable_completions, -1); rl_bind_key_in_map ('$', bash_possible_variable_completions, emacs_ctlx_keymap); rl_add_defun ("complete-command", bash_complete_command, -1); rl_bind_key_in_map ('!', bash_complete_command, emacs_meta_keymap); rl_add_defun ("possible-command-completions", bash_possible_command_completions, -1); rl_bind_key_in_map ('!', bash_possible_command_completions, emacs_ctlx_keymap); #endif /* SPECIFIC_COMPLETION_FUNCTIONS */ #if defined (DYNAMIC_HISTORY_COMPLETION) rl_add_defun ("dynamic-complete-history", dynamic_complete_history, -1); rl_bind_key_in_map (TAB, dynamic_complete_history, emacs_meta_keymap); #endif /* DYNAMIC_HISTORY_COMPLETION */ /* Tell the completer that we want a crack first. */ rl_attempted_completion_function = (CPPFunction *)attempt_shell_completion; /* Tell the completer that we might want to follow symbolic links or do other expansion on directory names. */ rl_directory_completion_hook = bash_directory_completion_hook; /* Tell the filename completer we want a chance to ignore some names. */ rl_ignore_some_completions_function = (Function *)filename_completion_ignore; #if defined (VI_MODE) rl_bind_key_in_map ('v', vi_edit_and_execute_command, vi_movement_keymap); #endif rl_completer_quote_characters = "'\""; /* Need to modify this from the default; `$', `{', `\', and ``' are not word break characters. */ rl_completer_word_break_characters = " \t\n\"'@><=;|&("; /**/ if (posixly_correct) posix_readline_initialize (1); bash_readline_initialized = 1; } /* On Sun systems at least, rl_attempted_completion_function can end up getting set to NULL, and rl_completion_entry_function set to do command word completion if Bash is interrupted while trying to complete a command word. This just resets all the completion functions to the right thing. It's called from throw_to_top_level(). */ void bashline_reinitialize () { tilde_initialize (); rl_attempted_completion_function = attempt_shell_completion; rl_completion_entry_function = (Function *)NULL; rl_directory_completion_hook = bash_directory_completion_hook; rl_ignore_some_completions_function = (Function *)filename_completion_ignore; } /* Contains the line to push into readline. */ static char *push_to_readline = (char *)NULL; /* Push the contents of push_to_readline into the readline buffer. */ static void bash_push_line () { if (push_to_readline) { rl_insert_text (push_to_readline); free (push_to_readline); push_to_readline = (char *)NULL; rl_startup_hook = old_rl_startup_hook; } } /* Call this to set the initial text for the next line to read from readline. */ int bash_re_edit (line) char *line; { if (push_to_readline) free (push_to_readline); push_to_readline = savestring (line); old_rl_startup_hook = rl_startup_hook; rl_startup_hook = (Function *)bash_push_line; return (0); } static void display_shell_version (count, c) int count, c; { crlf (); show_shell_version (); putc ('\r', rl_outstream); fflush (rl_outstream); rl_on_new_line (); rl_redisplay (); } /* **************************************************************** */ /* */ /* Readline Stuff */ /* */ /* **************************************************************** */ /* If the user requests hostname completion, then simply build a list of hosts, and complete from that forever more. */ #if !defined (ETCHOSTS) #define ETCHOSTS "/etc/hosts" #endif /* The kept list of hostnames. */ static char **hostname_list = (char **)NULL; /* The physical size of the above list. */ static int hostname_list_size = 0; /* The length of the above list. */ static int hostname_list_length = 0; /* Whether or not HOSTNAME_LIST has been initialized. */ int hostname_list_initialized = 0; /* Non-zero means that HOSTNAME_LIST needs to be sorted. */ static int hostname_list_needs_sorting = 0; /* Initialize the hostname completion table. */ static void initialize_hostname_list () { char *temp; temp = get_string_value ("HOSTFILE"); if (!temp) temp = get_string_value ("hostname_completion_file"); if (!temp) temp = ETCHOSTS; snarf_hosts_from_file (temp); sort_hostname_list (); if (hostname_list) hostname_list_initialized++; } /* Add NAME to the list of hosts. */ static void add_host_name (name) char *name; { if (hostname_list_length + 2 > hostname_list_size) { hostname_list = (char **) xrealloc (hostname_list, (1 + (hostname_list_size += 100)) * sizeof (char *)); } hostname_list[hostname_list_length] = savestring (name); hostname_list[++hostname_list_length] = (char *)NULL; hostname_list_needs_sorting++; } /* After you have added some names, you should sort the list of names. */ static void sort_hostname_list () { if (hostname_list_needs_sorting && hostname_list) sort_char_array (hostname_list); hostname_list_needs_sorting = 0; } #define cr_whitespace(c) ((c) == '\r' || (c) == '\n' || whitespace(c)) static void snarf_hosts_from_file (filename) char *filename; { FILE *file = fopen (filename, "r"); char *temp, buffer[256], name[256]; register int i, start; if (!file) return; while (temp = fgets (buffer, 255, file)) { /* Skip to first character. */ for (i = 0; buffer[i] && cr_whitespace (buffer[i]); i++); /* If comment, ignore. */ if (buffer[i] == '#') continue; /* If `preprocessor' directive, do the include. */ if (strncmp (&buffer[i], "$include ", 9) == 0) { char *includefile = &buffer[i + 9]; char *t; /* Find start of filename. */ while (*includefile && whitespace (*includefile)) includefile++; t = includefile; /* Find end of filename. */ while (*t && !cr_whitespace (*t)) t++; *t = '\0'; snarf_hosts_from_file (includefile); continue; } /* Skip internet address. */ for (; buffer[i] && !cr_whitespace (buffer[i]); i++); /* Gobble up names. Each name is separated with whitespace. */ while (buffer[i] && buffer[i] != '#') { for (; i && cr_whitespace (buffer[i]); i++); if (buffer[i] == '#') continue; for (start = i; buffer[i] && !cr_whitespace (buffer[i]); i++); if ((i - start) == 0) continue; strncpy (name, buffer + start, i - start); name[i - start] = '\0'; add_host_name (name); } } fclose (file); } /* Return a NULL terminated list of hostnames which begin with TEXT. Initialize the hostname list the first time if neccessary. The array is malloc ()'ed, but not the individual strings. */ static char ** hostnames_matching (text) char *text; { register int i, len = strlen (text); register int begin, end; int last_search = -1; char **result = (char **)NULL; if (!hostname_list_initialized) { initialize_hostname_list (); if (!hostname_list_initialized) return ((char **)NULL); } sort_hostname_list (); /* The list is sorted. Do a binary search on it for the first character in TEXT, and then grovel the names of interest. */ begin = 0; end = hostname_list_length; /* Special case. If TEXT consists of nothing, then the whole list is what is desired. */ if (!*text) { result = (char **)xmalloc ((1 + hostname_list_length) * sizeof (char *)); for (i = 0; i < hostname_list_length; i++) result[i] = hostname_list[i]; result[i] = (char *)NULL; return (result); } /* Scan until found, or failure. */ while (end != begin) { int r = 0; i = ((end - begin) / 2) + begin; if (i == last_search) break; if (hostname_list[i] && (r = strncmp (hostname_list[i], text, len)) == 0) { while (strncmp (hostname_list[i], text, len) == 0 && i) i--; if (strncmp (hostname_list[i], text, len) != 0) i++; begin = i; while (hostname_list[i] && strncmp (hostname_list[i], text, len) == 0) i++; end = i; result = (char **)xmalloc ((1 + (end - begin)) * sizeof (char *)); for (i = 0; i + begin < end; i++) result[i] = hostname_list[begin + i]; result[i] = (char *)NULL; return (result); } last_search = i; if (r < 0) begin = i; else end = i; } return ((char **)NULL); } /* The equivalent of the K*rn shell C-o operate-and-get-next-history-line editing command. */ static int saved_history_line_to_use = 0; static void set_saved_history () { if (saved_history_line_to_use) rl_get_previous_history (history_length - saved_history_line_to_use); saved_history_line_to_use = 0; rl_startup_hook = old_rl_startup_hook; } static void operate_and_get_next (count, c) int count, c; { int where; /* Accept the current line. */ rl_newline (); /* Find the current line, and find the next line to use. */ where = where_history (); if ((history_is_stifled () && (history_length >= max_input_history)) || (where >= history_length - 1)) saved_history_line_to_use = where; else saved_history_line_to_use = where + 1; old_rl_startup_hook = rl_startup_hook; rl_startup_hook = (Function *)set_saved_history; } #if defined (VI_MODE) /* This vi mode command causes VI_EDIT_COMMAND to be run on the current command being entered (if no explicit argument is given), otherwise on a command from the history file. */ #define VI_EDIT_COMMAND "fc -e ${VISUAL:-${EDITOR:-vi}}" static void vi_edit_and_execute_command (count, c) { char *command; /* Accept the current line. */ rl_newline (); if (rl_explicit_arg) { command = xmalloc (strlen (VI_EDIT_COMMAND) + 8); sprintf (command, "%s %d", VI_EDIT_COMMAND, count); } else { /* Take the command we were just editing, add it to the history file, then call fc to operate on it. We have to add a dummy command to the end of the history because fc ignores the last command (assumes it's supposed to deal with the command before the `fc'). */ using_history (); add_history (rl_line_buffer); add_history (""); history_lines_this_session++; using_history (); command = savestring (VI_EDIT_COMMAND); } parse_and_execute (command, "v", -1); } #endif /* VI_MODE */ /* **************************************************************** */ /* */ /* How To Do Shell Completion */ /* */ /* **************************************************************** */ /* Do some completion on TEXT. The indices of TEXT in RL_LINE_BUFFER are at START and END. Return an array of matches, or NULL if none. */ static char ** attempt_shell_completion (text, start, end) char *text; int start, end; { int in_command_position, ti; char **matches = (char **)NULL; char *command_separator_chars = ";|&{(`"; rl_ignore_some_completions_function = (Function *)filename_completion_ignore; /* Determine if this could be a command word. It is if it appears at the start of the line (ignoring preceding whitespace), or if it appears after a character that separates commands. It cannot be a command word if we aren't at the top-level prompt. */ ti = start - 1; while ((ti > -1) && (whitespace (rl_line_buffer[ti]))) ti--; in_command_position = 0; if (ti < 0) { /* Only do command completion at the start of a line when we are prompting at the top level. */ if (current_prompt_string == ps1_prompt) in_command_position++; } else if (member (rl_line_buffer[ti], command_separator_chars)) { register int this_char, prev_char; in_command_position++; /* Handle the two character tokens `>&', `<&', and `>|'. We are not in a command position after one of these. */ this_char = rl_line_buffer[ti]; prev_char = rl_line_buffer[ti - 1]; if ((this_char == '&' && (prev_char == '<' || prev_char == '>')) || (this_char == '|' && prev_char == '>')) in_command_position = 0; else if (char_is_quoted (rl_line_buffer, ti)) in_command_position = 0; } else { /* This still could be in command position. It is possible that all of the previous words on the line are variable assignments. */ } /* Special handling for command substitution. XXX - this should handle `$(' as well. */ if (*text == '`' && unclosed_pair (rl_line_buffer, start, "`")) matches = completion_matches (text, command_subst_completion_function); /* Variable name? */ if (!matches && *text == '$') matches = completion_matches (text, variable_completion_function); /* If the word starts in `~', and there is no slash in the word, then try completing this word as a username. */ if (!matches && *text == '~' && !strchr (text, '/')) matches = completion_matches (text, username_completion_function); /* Another one. Why not? If the word starts in '@', then look through the world of known hostnames for completion first. */ if (!matches && *text == '@') matches = completion_matches (text, hostname_completion_function); /* And last, (but not least) if this word is in a command position, then complete over possible command names, including aliases, functions, and command names. */ if (!matches && in_command_position) { matches = completion_matches (text, command_word_completion_function); /* If we are attempting command completion and nothing matches, we do not want readline to perform filename completion for us. We still want to be able to complete partial pathnames, so set the completion ignore function to something which will remove filenames and leave directories in the match list. */ if (!matches) rl_ignore_some_completions_function = (Function *)bash_ignore_filenames; } return (matches); } /* This is the function to call when the word to complete is in a position where a command word can be found. It grovels $PATH, looking for commands that match. It also scans aliases, function names, and the shell_builtin table. */ static char * command_word_completion_function (hint_text, state) char *hint_text; int state; { static char *hint = (char *)NULL; static char *path = (char *)NULL; static char *val = (char *)NULL; static char *filename_hint = (char *)NULL; static int path_index, hint_len, istate; static int mapping_over, local_index; static SHELL_VAR **varlist = (SHELL_VAR **)NULL; #if defined (ALIAS) static ASSOC **alias_list = (ASSOC **)NULL; #endif /* ALIAS */ /* We have to map over the possibilities for command words. If we have no state, then make one just for that purpose. */ if (!state) { if (hint) free (hint); mapping_over = 0; val = (char *)NULL; /* If this is an absolute program name, do not check it against aliases, reserved words, functions or builtins. We must check whether or not it is unique, and, if so, whether that filename is executable. */ if (absolute_program (hint_text)) { /* Perform tilde expansion on what's passed, so we don't end up passing filenames with tildes directly to stat(). */ if (*hint_text == '~') hint = tilde_expand (hint_text); else hint = savestring (hint_text); hint_len = strlen (hint); if (filename_hint) free (filename_hint); filename_hint = savestring (hint); mapping_over = 4; istate = 0; goto inner; } hint = savestring (hint_text); hint_len = strlen (hint); path = get_string_value ("PATH"); path_index = 0; /* Initialize the variables for each type of command word. */ local_index = 0; if (varlist) free (varlist); varlist = all_visible_functions (); #if defined (ALIAS) if (alias_list) free (alias_list); alias_list = all_aliases (); #endif /* ALIAS */ } /* mapping_over says what we are currently hacking. Note that every case in this list must fall through when there are no more possibilities. */ switch (mapping_over) { case 0: /* Aliases come first. */ #if defined (ALIAS) while (alias_list && alias_list[local_index]) { register char *alias; alias = alias_list[local_index++]->name; if (STREQN (alias, hint, hint_len)) return (savestring (alias)); } #endif /* ALIAS */ local_index = 0; mapping_over++; case 1: /* Then shell reserved words. */ { while (word_token_alist[local_index].word) { register char *reserved_word; reserved_word = word_token_alist[local_index++].word; if (STREQN (reserved_word, hint, hint_len)) return (savestring (reserved_word)); } local_index = 0; mapping_over++; } case 2: /* Then function names. */ while (varlist && varlist[local_index]) { register char *varname; varname = varlist[local_index++]->name; if (STREQN (varname, hint, hint_len)) return (savestring (varname)); } local_index = 0; mapping_over++; case 3: /* Then shell builtins. */ for (; local_index < num_shell_builtins; local_index++) { /* Ignore it if it doesn't have a function pointer or if it is not currently enabled. */ if (!shell_builtins[local_index].function || (shell_builtins[local_index].flags & BUILTIN_ENABLED) == 0) continue; if (STREQN (shell_builtins[local_index].name, hint, hint_len)) { int i = local_index++; return (savestring (shell_builtins[i].name)); } } local_index = 0; mapping_over++; } /* Repeatedly call filename_completion_funcname, namelen) == 0)) break; varlist_index++; } if (!varlist || !varlist[varlist_index]) { return ((char *)NULL); } else { char *value = xmalloc (2 + strlen (var->name)); if (first_char_loc) *value = first_char; strcpy (&value[first_char_loc], var->name); varlist_index++; return (value); } } /* How about a completion function for hostnames? */ static char * hostname_completion_function (text, state) int state; char *text; { static char **list = (char **)NULL; static int list_index = 0; static int first_char, first_char_loc; /* If we don't have any state, make some. */ if (!state) { if (list) free (list); list = (char **)NULL; first_char_loc = 0; first_char = *text; if (first_char == '@') first_char_loc++; list = hostnames_matching (&text[first_char_loc]); list_index = 0; } if (list && list[list_index]) { char *t = xmalloc (2 + strlen (list[list_index])); *t = first_char; strcpy (t + first_char_loc, list[list_index]); list_index++; return (t); } else return ((char *)NULL); } /* History and alias expand the line. */ static char * history_expand_line_internal (line) char *line; { char *new_line; new_line = pre_process_line (line, 0, 0); return new_line; } #if defined (ALIAS) /* Perform alias expansion on LINE and return the new line. */ static char * alias_expand_line_internal (line) char *line; { char *alias_line; alias_line = alias_expand (line); return alias_line; } #endif /* There was an error in expansion. Let the preprocessor print the error here. */ static void cleanup_expansion_error () { char *to_free; fprintf (rl_outstream, "\r\n"); to_free = pre_process_line (rl_line_buffer, 1, 0); free (to_free); putc ('\r', rl_outstream); rl_forced_update_display (); } /* If NEW_LINE differs from what is in the readline line buffer, add an undo record to get from the readline line buffer contents to the new line and make NEW_LINE the current readline line. */ static void maybe_make_readline_line (new_line) char *new_line; { if (strcmp (new_line, rl_line_buffer) != 0) { rl_point = rl_end; rl_add_undo (UNDO_BEGIN, 0, 0, 0); rl_delete_text (0, rl_point); rl_point = rl_end = 0; rl_insert_text (new_line); rl_add_undo (UNDO_END, 0, 0, 0); } } /* Make NEW_LINE be the current readline line. This frees NEW_LINE. */ static void set_up_new_line (new_line) char *new_line; { int old_point = rl_point; int at_end = rl_point == rl_end; /* If the line was history and alias expanded, then make that be one thing to undo. */ maybe_make_readline_line (new_line); free (new_line); /* Place rl_point where we think it should go. */ if (at_end) rl_point = rl_end; else if (old_point < rl_end) { rl_point = old_point; if (!whitespace (rl_line_buffer[rl_point])) rl_forward_word (1); } } /* History expand the line. */ static void history_expand_line (ignore) int ignore; { char *new_line; new_line = history_expand_line_internal (rl_line_buffer); if (new_line) set_up_new_line (new_line); else cleanup_expansion_error (); } /* History and alias expand the line. */ static void history_and_alias_expand_line (ignore) int ignore; { char *new_line; new_line = pre_process_line (rl_line_buffer, 0, 0); #if defined (ALIAS) if (new_line) { char *alias_line; alias_line = alias_expand (new_line); free (new_line); new_line = alias_line; } #endif /* ALIAS */ if (new_line) set_up_new_line (new_line); else cleanup_expansion_error (); } /* History and alias expand the line, then perform the shell word expansions by calling expand_string. */ static void shell_expand_line (ignore) int ignore; { char *new_line; new_line = pre_process_line (rl_line_buffer, 0, 0); #if defined (ALIAS) if (new_line) { char *alias_line; alias_line = alias_expand (new_line); free (new_line); new_line = alias_line; } #endif /* ALIAS */ if (new_line) { int old_point = rl_point; int at_end = rl_point == rl_end; /* If the line was history and alias expanded, then make that be one thing to undo. */ maybe_make_readline_line (new_line); free (new_line); /* If there is variable expansion to perform, do that as a separate operation to be undone. */ { WORD_LIST *expanded_string; expanded_string = expand_string (rl_line_buffer, 0); if (!expanded_string) new_line = savestring (""); else { new_line = string_list (expanded_string); dispose_words (expanded_string); } maybe_make_readline_line (new_line); free (new_line); /* Place rl_point where we think it should go. */ if (at_end) rl_point = rl_end; else if (old_point < rl_end) { rl_point = old_point; if (!whitespace (rl_line_buffer[rl_point])) rl_forward_word (1); } } } else cleanup_expansion_error (); } /* Filename completion ignore. Emulates the "fignore" facility of tcsh. If FIGNORE is set, then don't match files with the given suffixes. If only one of the possibilities has an acceptable suffix, delete the others, else just return and let the completer signal an error. It is called by the completer when real completions are done on filenames by the completer's internal function, not for completion lists (M-?) and not on "other" completion types, such as hostnames or commands. It is passed a NULL-terminated array of (char *)'s that must be free()'d if they are deleted. The first element (names[0]) is the least-common-denominator string of the matching patterns (i.e. u produces names[0] = "und", names[1] = "under.c", names[2] = "undun.c", name[3] = NULL). */ struct ign { char *val; int len; }; static struct ign *ignores; /* Store the ignore strings here */ static int num_ignores; /* How many are there? */ static char *last_fignore; /* Last value of fignore - cached for speed */ static void setup_ignore_patterns () { int numitems, maxitems, ptr; char *colon_bit; struct ign *p; char *this_fignore = get_string_value ("FIGNORE"); /* If nothing has changed then just exit now. */ if ((this_fignore && last_fignore && strcmp (this_fignore, last_fignore) == 0) || (!this_fignore && !last_fignore)) { return; } /* Oops. FIGNORE has changed. Re-parse it. */ num_ignores = 0; if (ignores) { for (p = ignores; p->val; p++) free(p->val); free (ignores); ignores = (struct ign*)NULL; } if (last_fignore) { free (last_fignore); last_fignore = (char *)NULL; } if (!this_fignore || !*this_fignore) return; last_fignore = savestring (this_fignore); numitems = maxitems = ptr = 0; while (colon_bit = extract_colon_unit (this_fignore, &ptr)) { if (numitems + 1 > maxitems) ignores = (struct ign *) xrealloc (ignores, (maxitems += 10) * sizeof (struct ign)); ignores[numitems].val = colon_bit; ignores[numitems].len = strlen (colon_bit); numitems++; } ignores[numitems].val = NULL; num_ignores = numitems; } static int name_is_acceptable (name) char *name; { struct ign *p; int nlen = strlen (name); for (p = ignores; p->val; p++) { if (nlen > p->len && p->len > 0 && strcmp (p->val, &name[nlen - p->len]) == 0) return (0); } return (1); } /* Internal function to test whether filenames in NAMES should be ignored. NAME_FUNC is a pointer to a function to call with each name. It returns non-zero if the name is acceptable to the particular ignore function which called _ignore_names; zero if the name should be removed from NAMES. */ static void _ignore_names (names, name_func) char **names; Function *name_func; { char **p; int idx; for (p = names + 1, idx = -1; *p; p++) { if ((*name_func) (*p)) { if (idx == -1) /* First match found. */ idx = p - names; else return; /* Too many matches. */ } } /* If none are acceptable then let the completer handle it. */ if (idx == -1) return; /* Delete all non-matching elements. */ free (names[0]); for (p = names + 1; *p; p++) { if (idx == (p - names)) names[0] = *p; else free (*p); *p = NULL; } } static void filename_completion_ignore (names) char **names; { setup_ignore_patterns (); if (num_ignores == 0) return; _ignore_names (names, name_is_acceptable); } /* Return 1 if NAME is a directory. */ static int test_for_directory (name) char *name; { struct stat finfo; char *fn; fn = tilde_expand (name); if (stat (fn, &finfo) != 0) { free (fn); return 0; } free (fn); return (S_ISDIR (finfo.st_mode)); } /* Remove files from NAMES, leaving directories. */ static void bash_ignore_filenames (names) char **names; { _ignore_names (names, test_for_directory); } /* Handle symbolic link references and other directory name expansions while hacking completion. */ static int bash_directory_completion_hook (dirname) char **dirname; { char *local_dirname, *t; int return_value = 0; WORD_LIST *wl; local_dirname = *dirname; if (strchr (local_dirname, '$') || strchr (local_dirname, '`')) { wl = expand_string (local_dirname, 0); if (wl) { *dirname = string_list (wl); /* Tell the completer to replace the directory name only if we actually expanded something. */ return_value = STREQ (local_dirname, *dirname) == 0; free (local_dirname); dispose_words (wl); local_dirname = *dirname; } else { free (local_dirname); *dirname = savestring (""); return 1; } } if (!no_symbolic_links && (local_dirname[0] != '.' || local_dirname[1])) { char *temp1, *temp2; int len1, len2; t = get_working_directory ("symlink-hook"); temp1 = make_absolute (local_dirname, t); free (t); temp2 = canonicalize_pathname (temp1); len1 = strlen (temp1); if (temp1[len1 - 1] == '/') { len2 = strlen (temp2); temp2 = xrealloc (temp2, len2 + 2); temp2[len2] = '/'; temp2[len2 + 1] = '\0'; } free (local_dirname); *dirname = temp2; free (temp1); } return (return_value); } #if defined (DYNAMIC_HISTORY_COMPLETION) static char **history_completion_array = (char **)NULL; static int harry_size = 0; static int harry_len = 0; static void build_history_completion_array () { register int i; /* First, clear out the current dynamic history completion list. */ if (harry_size) { for (i = 0; history_completion_array[i]; i++) free (history_completion_array[i]); free (history_completion_array); history_completion_array = (char **)NULL; harry_size = 0; harry_len = 0; } /* Next, grovel each line of history, making each shell-sized token a separate entry in the history_completion_array. */ { HIST_ENTRY **hlist; hlist = history_list (); if (hlist) { register int j; for (i = 0; hlist[i]; i++) { char **tokens; /* Separate each token, and place into an array. */ tokens = history_tokenize (hlist[i]->line); for (j = 0; tokens && tokens[j]; j++) { if (harry_len + 2 > harry_size) history_completion_array = (char **) xrealloc (history_completion_array, (harry_size += 10) * sizeof (char *)); history_completion_array[harry_len++] = tokens[j]; history_completion_array[harry_len] = (char *)NULL; } free (tokens); } /* Sort the complete list of tokens. */ qsort (history_completion_array, harry_len, sizeof (char *), (Function *)qsort_string_compare); /* Instead of removing the duplicate entries here, we let the code in the completer handle it. */ } } } static char * history_completion_generator (hint_text, state) char *hint_text; int state; { static int local_index = 0; static char *text = (char *)NULL; static int len = 0; /* If this is the first call to the generator, then initialize the list of strings to complete over. */ if (!state) { local_index = 0; build_history_completion_array (); text = hint_text; len = strlen (text); } while (history_completion_array && history_completion_array[local_index]) { if (strncmp (text, history_completion_array[local_index++], len) == 0) return (savestring (history_completion_array[local_index - 1])); } return ((char *)NULL); } static void dynamic_complete_history (count, key) int count, key; { Function *orig_func; CPPFunction *orig_attempt_func; orig_func = rl_completion_entry_function; orig_attempt_func = rl_attempted_completion_function; rl_completion_entry_function = (Function *)history_completion_generator; rl_attempted_completion_function = (CPPFunction *)NULL; if (rl_last_func == (Function *)dynamic_complete_history) rl_complete_internal ('?'); else rl_complete_internal (TAB); rl_completion_entry_function = orig_func; rl_attempted_completion_function = orig_attempt_func; } #endif /* DYNAMIC_HISTORY_COMPLETION */ #if defined (SPECIFIC_COMPLETION_FUNCTIONS) static void bash_complete_username (ignore, ignore2) int ignore, ignore2; { bash_complete_username_internal (TAB); } static void bash_possible_username_completions (ignore, ignore2) int ignore, ignore2; { bash_complete_username_internal ('?'); } static void bash_complete_username_internal (what_to_do) int what_to_do; { bash_specific_completion (what_to_do, (Function *)username_completion_function); } static void bash_complete_filename (ignore, ignore2) int ignore, ignore2; { bash_complete_filename_internal (TAB); } static void bash_possible_filename_completions (ignore, ignore2) int ignore, ignore2; { bash_complete_filename_internal ('?'); } static void bash_complete_filename_internal (what_to_do) int what_to_do; { Function *orig_func, *orig_dir_func; CPPFunction *orig_attempt_func; char *orig_rl_completer_word_break_characters; orig_func = rl_completion_entry_function; orig_attempt_func = rl_attempted_completion_function; orig_dir_func = rl_directory_completion_hook; orig_rl_completer_word_break_characters = rl_completer_word_break_characters; rl_completion_entry_function = (Function *)filename_completion_function; rl_attempted_completion_function = (CPPFunction *)NULL; rl_directory_completion_hook = (Function *)NULL; rl_completer_word_break_characters = " \t\n\"\'"; rl_complete_internal (what_to_do); rl_completion_entry_function = orig_func; rl_attempted_completion_function = orig_attempt_func; rl_directory_completion_hook = orig_dir_func; rl_completer_word_break_characters = orig_rl_completer_word_break_characters; } static void bash_complete_hostname (ignore, ignore2) int ignore, ignore2; { bash_complete_hostname_internal (TAB); } static void bash_possible_hostname_completions (ignore, ignore2) int ignore, ignore2; { bash_complete_hostname_internal ('?'); } static void bash_complete_variable (ignore, ignore2) int ignore, ignore2; { bash_complete_variable_internal (TAB); } static void bash_possible_variable_completions (ignore, ignore2) int ignore, ignore2; { bash_complete_variable_internal ('?'); } static void bash_complete_command (ignore, ignore2) int ignore, ignore2; { bash_complete_command_internal (TAB); } static void bash_possible_command_completions (ignore, ignore2) int ignore, ignore2; { bash_complete_command_internal ('?'); } static void bash_complete_hostname_internal (what_to_do) int what_to_do; { bash_specific_completion (what_to_do, (Function *)hostname_completion_function); } static void bash_complete_variable_internal (what_to_do) int what_to_do; { bash_specific_completion (what_to_do, (Function *)variable_completion_function); } static void bash_complete_command_internal (what_to_do) int what_to_do; { bash_specific_completion (what_to_do, (Function *)command_word_completion_function); } static void bash_specific_completion (what_to_do, generator) int what_to_do; Function *generator; { Function *orig_func; CPPFunction *orig_attempt_func; orig_func = rl_completion_entry_function; orig_attempt_func = rl_attempted_completion_function; rl_completion_entry_function = generator; rl_attempted_completion_function = (CPPFunction *)NULL; rl_complete_internal (what_to_do); rl_completion_entry_function = orig_func; rl_attempted_completion_function = orig_attempt_func; } #endif /* SPECIFIC_COMPLETION_FUNCTIONS */ bash-1.14.3/bashtypes.h 664 436 0 2034 5505132175 13030 0ustar chetwheel/* bashtypes.h -- with special handling for crays. */ /* Copyright (C) 1993 Free Software Foundation, Inc. This file is part of GNU Bash, the Bourne Again SHell. Bash is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option) any later version. Bash is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details. You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with Bash; see the file COPYING. If not, write to the Free Software Foundation, 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. */ #if !defined (__BASHTYPES_H) # define __BASHTYPES_H #if defined (CRAY) # define word __word #endif #include #if defined (CRAY) # undef word #endif #endif /* __BASHTYPES_H */ bash-1.14.3/bracecomp.c 664 436 0 10277 5617720405 13007 0ustar chetwheel/* bracecomp.c -- Complete a filename with the possible completions enclosed in csh-style braces such that the list of completions is available to the shell. */ /* Original version by tromey@cns.caltech.edu, Fri Feb 7 1992. */ /* Copyright (C) 1993 Free Software Foundation, Inc. This file is part of GNU Bash, the Bourne Again SHell. Bash is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option) any later version. Bash is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details. You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with Bash; see the file COPYING. If not, write to the Free Software Foundation, 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. */ #include #if defined (HAVE_STRING_H) # include #else /* !HAVE_STRING_H */ # include #endif /* !HAVE_STRING_H */ #include "shell.h" #include /* Find greatest common prefix of two strings. */ static int string_gcd (s1, s2) char *s1, *s2; { register int i; if (s1 == NULL || s2 == NULL) return (0); for (i = 0; *s1 && *s2; ++s1, ++s2, ++i) { if (*s1 != *s2) break; } return (i); } static char * really_munge_braces (array, real_start, real_end, gcd_zero) char **array; int real_start, real_end, gcd_zero; { int start, end, gcd; char *result, *subterm; int result_size, flag; flag = 0; if (real_start == real_end) { if (array[real_start]) return (savestring (array[real_start] + gcd_zero)); else return (savestring (array[0])); } result = (char *) xmalloc (result_size = 1); *result = '\0'; for (start = real_start; start < real_end; start = end + 1) { gcd = strlen (array[start]); for (end = start + 1; end < real_end; end++) { int temp; temp = string_gcd (array[start], array[end]); if (temp <= gcd_zero) break; gcd = temp; } end--; if (gcd_zero == 0 && start == real_start && end != (real_end - 1)) { /* In this case, add in a leading '{', because we are at top level, and there isn't a consistent prefix. */ result_size += 1; result = (char *) xrealloc (result, result_size); strcpy (result, "{"); flag++; } if (start == end) subterm = savestring (array[start] + gcd_zero); else { /* If there is more than one element in the subarray, insert the prefix and an opening brace. */ result_size += gcd - gcd_zero + 1; result = (char *) xrealloc (result, result_size); strncat (result, array[start] + gcd_zero, gcd - gcd_zero); strcat (result, "{"); subterm = really_munge_braces (array, start, end + 1, gcd); subterm[strlen (subterm) - 1] = '}'; } result_size += strlen (subterm) + 1; result = (char *) xrealloc (result, result_size); strcat (result, subterm); strcat (result, ","); free (subterm); } if (gcd_zero == 0) result[strlen (result) - 1] = flag ? '}' : '\0'; return (result); } static void hack_braces_completion (names) char **names; { register int i; char *temp; temp = really_munge_braces (names, 1, array_len (names), 0); for (i = 0; names[i]; ++i) { free (names[i]); names[i] = NULL; } names[0] = temp; } void bash_brace_completion () { Function *orig_ignore_func; Function *orig_entry_func; CPPFunction *orig_attempt_func; orig_ignore_func = rl_ignore_some_completions_function; orig_attempt_func = rl_attempted_completion_function; orig_entry_func = rl_completion_entry_function; rl_completion_entry_function = (Function *) filename_completion_function; rl_attempted_completion_function = NULL; rl_ignore_some_completions_function = (Function *) hack_braces_completion; rl_complete_internal (TAB); rl_ignore_some_completions_function = orig_ignore_func; rl_attempted_completion_function = orig_attempt_func; rl_completion_entry_function = orig_entry_func; } bash-1.14.3/braces.c 644 436 0 21161 5676366173 12320 0ustar chetwheel/* braces.c -- code for doing word expansion in curly braces. */ /* Copyright (C) 1987,1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc. This file is part of GNU Bash, the Bourne Again SHell. Bash is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 1, or (at your option) any later version. Bash is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details. You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with Bash; see the file COPYING. If not, write to the Free Software Foundation, 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. */ /* Stuff in curly braces gets expanded after variable and command substitution, but before filename globbing. (Actually, this should be true for the sake of efficiency, but it isn't because of quoting hacks. Once I rebuild quoting it will be true. */ #if defined (HAVE_STRING_H) # include #else /* !HAVE_STRING_H */ # include #endif /* !HAVE_STRING_H */ #if defined (SHELL) #include "shell.h" #endif /* SHELL */ #include "general.h" #define brace_whitespace(c) (!(c) || (c) == ' ' || (c) == '\t' || (c) == '\n') /* Basic idea: Segregate the text into 3 sections: preamble (stuff before an open brace), postamble (stuff after the matching close brace) and amble (stuff after preamble, and before postamble). Expand amble, and then tack on the expansions to preamble. Expand postamble, and tack on the expansions to the result so far. */ /* The character which is used to separate arguments. */ int brace_arg_separator = ','; static int brace_gobbler (); static char **expand_amble (), **array_concat (); /* Return an array of strings; the brace expansion of TEXT. */ char ** brace_expand (text) char *text; { register int start; char *preamble, *postamble, *amble; char **tack, **result; int i, c; /* Find the text of the preamble. */ i = 0; c = brace_gobbler (text, &i, '{'); preamble = (char *)xmalloc (i + 1); strncpy (preamble, text, i); preamble[i] = '\0'; result = (char **)xmalloc (2 * sizeof (char *)); result[0] = preamble; result[1] = (char *)NULL; /* Special case. If we never found an exciting character, then the preamble is all of the text, so just return that. */ if (c != '{') return (result); /* Find the amble. This is the stuff inside this set of braces. */ start = ++i; c = brace_gobbler (text, &i, '}'); /* What if there isn't a matching close brace? */ if (!c) { #if defined (NOTDEF) register int j; /* Well, if we found an unquoted BRACE_ARG_SEPARATOR between START and I, then this should be an error. Otherwise, it isn't. */ for (j = start; j < i; j++) { if (text[j] == '\\') { j++; continue; } if (text[j] == brace_arg_separator) { free_array (result); report_error ("Missing `}'"); throw_to_top_level (); } } #endif free (preamble); /* Same as result[0]; see initialization. */ result[0] = savestring (text); return (result); } amble = (char *)xmalloc (1 + (i - start)); strncpy (amble, &text[start], (i - start)); amble[i - start] = '\0'; #if defined (SHELL) /* If the amble does not contain an unquoted BRACE_ARG_SEPARATOR, then just return without doing any expansion. */ { register int j; for (j = 0; amble[j]; j++) { if (amble[j] == '\\') { j++; continue; } if (amble[j] == brace_arg_separator) break; } if (!amble[j]) { free (amble); free (preamble); result[0] = savestring (text); return (result); } } #endif /* SHELL */ postamble = &text[i + 1]; tack = expand_amble (amble); result = array_concat (result, tack); free (amble); free_array (tack); tack = brace_expand (postamble); result = array_concat (result, tack); free_array (tack); return (result); } /* Expand the text found inside of braces. We simply try to split the text at BRACE_ARG_SEPARATORs into separate strings. We then brace expand each slot which needs it, until there are no more slots which need it. */ static char ** expand_amble (text) char *text; { char **result, **partial; char *tem; int start, i, c; result = (char **)NULL; for (start = 0, i = 0, c = 1; c; start = ++i) { c = brace_gobbler (text, &i, brace_arg_separator); tem = (char *)xmalloc (1 + (i - start)); strncpy (tem, &text[start], (i - start)); tem[i- start] = '\0'; partial = brace_expand (tem); if (!result) result = partial; else { register int lr = array_len (result); register int lp = array_len (partial); register int j; result = (char **)xrealloc (result, (1 + lp + lr) * sizeof (char *)); for (j = 0; j < lp; j++) result[lr + j] = partial[j]; result[lr + j] = (char *)NULL; free (partial); } free (tem); } return (result); } /* Start at INDEX, and skip characters in TEXT. Set INDEX to the index of the character matching SATISFY. This understands about quoting. Return the character that caused us to stop searching; this is either the same as SATISFY, or 0. */ static int brace_gobbler (text, indx, satisfy) char *text; int *indx; int satisfy; { register int i, c, quoted, level, pass_next; level = quoted = pass_next = 0; for (i = *indx; c = text[i]; i++) { if (pass_next) { pass_next = 0; continue; } /* A backslash escapes the next character. This allows backslash to escape the quote character in a double-quoted string. */ if (c == '\\' && (quoted == 0 || quoted == '"' || quoted == '`')) { pass_next = 1; continue; } if (quoted) { if (c == quoted) quoted = 0; continue; } if (c == '"' || c == '\'' || c == '`') { quoted = c; continue; } if (c == satisfy && !level && !quoted) { /* We ignore an open brace surrounded by whitespace, and also an open brace followed immediately by a close brace, that was preceded with whitespace. */ if (c == '{' && ((!i || brace_whitespace (text[i - 1])) && (brace_whitespace (text[i + 1]) || text[i + 1] == '}'))) continue; #if defined (SHELL) /* If this is being compiled as part of bash, ignore the `{' in a `${}' construct */ if ((c != '{') || !i || (text[i - 1] != '$')) #else /* !SHELL */ if ((c != '{') || !i) #endif /* !SHELL */ break; } if (c == '{') level++; else if (c == '}' && level) level--; } *indx = i; return (c); } /* Return a new array of strings which is the result of appending each string in ARR2 to each string in ARR1. The resultant array is len (arr1) * len (arr2) long. For convenience, ARR1 (and its contents) are free ()'ed. ARR1 can be NULL, in that case, a new version of ARR2 is returned. */ static char ** array_concat (arr1, arr2) char **arr1, **arr2; { register int i, j, len, len1, len2; register char **result; if (!arr1) return (copy_array (arr2)); if (!arr2) return (copy_array (arr1)); len1 = array_len (arr1); len2 = array_len (arr2); result = (char **)xmalloc ((1 + (len1 * len2)) * sizeof (char *)); len = 0; for (i = 0; i < len1; i++) { int strlen_1 = strlen (arr1[i]); for (j = 0; j < len2; j++) { result[len] = (char *)xmalloc (1 + strlen_1 + strlen (arr2[j])); strcpy (result[len], arr1[i]); strcpy (result[len] + strlen_1, arr2[j]); len++; } free (arr1[i]); } free (arr1); result[len] = (char *)NULL; return (result); } #if defined (TEST) #include fatal_error (format, arg1, arg2) char *format, *arg1, *arg2; { report_error (format, arg1, arg2); exit (1); } report_error (format, arg1, arg2) char *format, *arg1, *arg2; { fprintf (stderr, format, arg1, arg2); fprintf (stderr, "\n"); } main () { char example[256]; for (;;) { char **result; int i; fprintf (stderr, "brace_expand> "); if ((!fgets (example, 256, stdin)) || (strncmp (example, "quit", 4) == 0)) break; if (strlen (example)) example[strlen (example) - 1] = '\0'; result = brace_expand (example); for (i = 0; result[i]; i++) printf ("%s\n", result[i]); free_array (result); } } /* * Local variables: * compile-command: "gcc -g -Bstatic -DTEST -o brace_expand braces.c general.o" * end: */ #endif /* TEST */ bash-1.14.3/builtins/ 775 436 0 0 5672152703 12433 5ustar chetwheelbash-1.14.3/builtins/ChangeLog 664 436 0 0 5037330264 14166 0ustar chetwheelbash-1.14.3/builtins/Makefile 644 436 0 27237 5601650106 14174 0ustar chetwheel# This Makefile for building libbuiltins.a is in -*- text -*- for Emacs. # MKBUILTINS = mkbuiltins RANLIB = /usr/bin/ranlib CFLAGS = -g -I.. -I. SHELL = /bin/sh # CC = cc AR = ar RM = rm -f CP = cp srcdir = . VPATH = .:$(srcdir) .SUFFIXES: .SUFFIXES: .def .c .o # How to make a .o file from a .def file. .def.o: $(RM) $@ ./$(MKBUILTINS) $(DIRECTDEFINE) $< $(CC) -c $(CFLAGS) $(CPPFLAGS) $*.c $(RM) $*.c # How to make a .c file from a .def file. .def.c: $(RM) $@ ./$(MKBUILTINS) $(DIRECTDEFINE) $< # Here is a rule for making .o files from .c files that does not # force the type of the machine (like -M_MACHINE) into the flags. .c.o: $(RM) $@ $(CC) -c $(CFLAGS) $(CPPFLAGS) $< DEFS = $(srcdir)/alias.def $(srcdir)/bind.def $(srcdir)/break.def \ $(srcdir)/builtin.def $(srcdir)/cd.def $(srcdir)/colon.def \ $(srcdir)/command.def $(srcdir)/declare.def $(srcdir)/echo.def \ $(srcdir)/enable.def $(srcdir)/eval.def $(srcdir)/getopts.def \ $(srcdir)/exec.def $(srcdir)/exit.def $(srcdir)/fc.def \ $(srcdir)/fg_bg.def $(srcdir)/hash.def $(srcdir)/help.def \ $(srcdir)/history.def $(srcdir)/jobs.def $(srcdir)/kill.def \ $(srcdir)/let.def $(srcdir)/read.def $(srcdir)/return.def \ $(srcdir)/set.def $(srcdir)/setattr.def $(srcdir)/shift.def \ $(srcdir)/source.def $(srcdir)/suspend.def $(srcdir)/test.def \ $(srcdir)/times.def $(srcdir)/trap.def $(srcdir)/type.def \ $(srcdir)/ulimit.def $(srcdir)/umask.def $(srcdir)/wait.def \ $(srcdir)/reserved.def STATIC_SOURCE = common.c getopt.c bashgetopt.c getopt.h OFILES = builtins.o \ alias.o bind.o break.o builtin.o cd.o colon.o command.o \ common.o declare.o echo.o enable.o eval.o exec.o exit.o \ fc.o fg_bg.o hash.o help.o history.o jobs.o kill.o \ let.o read.o return.o set.o setattr.o shift.o source.o \ suspend.o test.o times.o trap.o type.o ulimit.o umask.o \ wait.o getopts.o getopt.o bashgetopt.o THINGS_TO_TAR = $(DEFS) $(STATIC_SOURCE) Makefile ChangeLog CREATED_FILES = builtext.h builtins.c psize.aux pipesize.h all: $(MKBUILTINS) libbuiltins.a libbuiltins.a: $(MKBUILTINS) $(OFILES) $(RM) $@ $(AR) cq $@ $(OFILES) -if [ -f "$(RANLIB)" ]; then $(RANLIB) $@; fi builtext.h builtins.c: $(MKBUILTINS) $(DEFS) $(RM) builtext.h builtins.c ./$(MKBUILTINS) -externfile builtext.h -structfile builtins.c \ -noproduction $(DIRECTDEFINE) $(DEFS) mkbuiltins: $(srcdir)/mkbuiltins.c ../config.h $(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o $(MKBUILTINS) $(srcdir)/mkbuiltins.c ulimit.o: ulimit.def pipesize.h pipesize.h: psize.aux $(SHELL) $(srcdir)/psize.sh > pipesize.h psize.aux: psize.c $(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o $@ $(srcdir)/psize.c documentation: builtins.texi $(OFILES): $(MKBUILTINS) ../config.h builtins.texi: $(MKBUILTINS) ./$(MKBUILTINS) -documentonly $(DEFS) clean: $(RM) $(OFILES) $(CREATED_FILES) $(MKBUILTINS) libbuiltins.a alias.o: alias.def bind.o: bind.def break.o: break.def builtin.o: builtin.def cd.o: cd.def colon.o: colon.def command.o: command.def declare.o: declare.def echo.o: echo.def enable.o: enable.def eval.o: eval.def exec.o: exec.def exit.o: exit.def fc.o: fc.def fg_bg.o: fg_bg.def hash.o: hash.def help.o: help.def history.o: history.def jobs.o: jobs.def kill.o: kill.def let.o: let.def read.o: read.def return.o: return.def set.o: set.def setattr.o: setattr.def shift.o: shift.def source.o: source.def suspend.o: suspend.def test.o: test.def times.o: times.def trap.o: trap.def type.o: type.def umask.o: umask.def wait.o: wait.def getopts.o: getopts.def reserved.o: reserved.def common.o: ../shell.h ../command.h ../config.h ../memalloc.h ../general.h common.o: ../variables.h ../input.h hashcom.h ../bashhist.h common.o: ../quit.h ../unwind_prot.h ../maxpath.h ../jobs.h ../builtins.h common.o: ../dispose_cmd.h ../make_cmd.h ../subst.h ../externs.h common.o: ../execute_cmd.h ../error.h alias.o: ../command.h ../config.h ../memalloc.h ../error.h ../general.h alias.o: ../quit.h ../dispose_cmd.h ../make_cmd.h ../subst.h ../externs.h alias.o: ../shell.h ../unwind_prot.h ../variables.h common.h ../maxpath.h bind.o: ../command.h ../config.h ../memalloc.h ../error.h ../general.h bind.o: ../quit.h ../dispose_cmd.h ../make_cmd.h ../subst.h ../externs.h bind.o: ../maxpath.h bind.o: ../shell.h ../unwind_prot.h ../variables.h bashgetopt.h break.o: ../command.h ../config.h ../memalloc.h ../error.h ../general.h break.o: ../quit.h ../dispose_cmd.h ../make_cmd.h ../subst.h ../externs.h break.o: ../shell.h ../unwind_prot.h ../variables.h ../maxpath.h builtin.o: ../command.h ../config.h ../memalloc.h ../error.h ../general.h builtin.o: ../quit.h common.h ../maxpath.h builtin.o: ../dispose_cmd.h ../make_cmd.h ../subst.h ../externs.h builtin.o: ../shell.h ../unwind_prot.h ../variables.h cd.o: ../command.h ../config.h ../memalloc.h ../error.h ../general.h cd.o: ../quit.h ../dispose_cmd.h ../make_cmd.h ../subst.h ../externs.h cd.o: ../shell.h ../unwind_prot.h ../variables.h common.h ../maxpath.h command.o: ../command.h ../config.h ../memalloc.h ../error.h ../general.h command.o: ../quit.h bashgetopt.h ../maxpath.h command.o: ../dispose_cmd.h ../make_cmd.h ../subst.h ../externs.h command.o: ../shell.h ../unwind_prot.h ../variables.h declare.o: ../command.h ../config.h ../memalloc.h ../error.h ../general.h declare.o: ../quit.h ../dispose_cmd.h ../make_cmd.h ../subst.h ../externs.h declare.o: ../shell.h ../unwind_prot.h ../variables.h ../maxpath.h echo.o: ../command.h ../config.h ../memalloc.h ../error.h ../general.h echo.o: ../quit.h ../dispose_cmd.h ../make_cmd.h ../subst.h ../externs.h echo.o: ../shell.h ../unwind_prot.h ../variables.h ../maxpath.h enable.o: ../command.h ../config.h ../memalloc.h ../error.h ../general.h enable.o: ../quit.h ../dispose_cmd.h ../make_cmd.h ../subst.h ../externs.h enable.o: ../shell.h ../unwind_prot.h ../variables.h ../maxpath.h eval.o: ../command.h ../config.h ../memalloc.h ../error.h ../general.h eval.o: ../quit.h ../dispose_cmd.h ../make_cmd.h ../subst.h ../externs.h eval.o: ../shell.h ../unwind_prot.h ../variables.h ../maxpath.h exec.o: ../command.h ../config.h ../memalloc.h ../error.h ../general.h exec.o: ../quit.h ../dispose_cmd.h ../make_cmd.h ../subst.h ../externs.h exec.o: ../shell.h ../unwind_prot.h ../variables.h common.h ../execute_cmd.h exec.o: ../maxpath.h ../flags.h exit.o: ../command.h ../config.h ../memalloc.h ../error.h ../general.h exit.o: ../quit.h ../dispose_cmd.h ../make_cmd.h ../subst.h ../externs.h exit.o: ../shell.h ../unwind_prot.h ../variables.h ../maxpath.h fc.o: ../builtins.h ../command.h bashgetopt.h ../bashhist.h fc.o: ../command.h ../config.h ../memalloc.h ../error.h ../general.h fc.o: ../quit.h ../dispose_cmd.h ../make_cmd.h ../subst.h ../externs.h fc.o: ../flags.h ../unwind_prot.h ../variables.h ../shell.h ../maxpath.h fg_bg.o: ../command.h ../config.h ../memalloc.h ../error.h ../general.h fg_bg.o: ../quit.h ../dispose_cmd.h ../make_cmd.h ../subst.h ../externs.h fg_bg.o: ../shell.h ../unwind_prot.h ../variables.h ../maxpath.h getopts.o: ../command.h ../config.h ../memalloc.h ../error.h ../general.h getopts.o: ../quit.h ../dispose_cmd.h ../make_cmd.h ../subst.h ../externs.h getopts.o: ../shell.h ../unwind_prot.h ../variables.h ../maxpath.h hash.o: ../builtins.h ../command.h ../quit.h ../execute_cmd.h hash.o: ../command.h ../config.h ../memalloc.h ../error.h ../general.h hash.o: ../shell.h ../unwind_prot.h ../variables.h common.h ../maxpath.h help.o: ../command.h ../config.h ../memalloc.h ../error.h ../general.h help.o: ../quit.h ../dispose_cmd.h ../make_cmd.h ../subst.h ../externs.h help.o: ../shell.h ../unwind_prot.h ../variables.h ../maxpath.h history.o: ../command.h ../config.h ../memalloc.h ../error.h ../general.h history.o: ../quit.h ../dispose_cmd.h ../make_cmd.h ../subst.h ../externs.h history.o: ../filecntl.h ../shell.h ../unwind_prot.h ../variables.h history.o: ../bashhist.h ../maxpath.h inlib.o: ../command.h ../config.h ../memalloc.h ../error.h ../general.h inlib.o: ../shell.h ../unwind_prot.h ../variables.h ../maxpath.h inlib.o: ../quit.h ../dispose_cmd.h ../make_cmd.h ../subst.h ../externs.h jobs.o: ../command.h ../config.h ../memalloc.h ../error.h ../general.h jobs.o: ../quit.h bashgetopt.h ../maxpath.h jobs.o: ../dispose_cmd.h ../make_cmd.h ../subst.h ../externs.h jobs.o: ../shell.h ../unwind_prot.h ../variables.h kill.o: ../command.h ../config.h ../memalloc.h ../error.h ../general.h kill.o: ../quit.h ../dispose_cmd.h ../make_cmd.h ../subst.h ../externs.h kill.o: ../shell.h ../trap.h ../unwind_prot.h ../variables.h ../maxpath.h let.o: ../command.h ../config.h ../memalloc.h ../error.h ../general.h let.o: ../quit.h ../dispose_cmd.h ../make_cmd.h ../subst.h ../externs.h let.o: ../shell.h ../unwind_prot.h ../variables.h ../maxpath.h read.o: ../command.h ../config.h ../memalloc.h ../error.h ../general.h read.o: ../quit.h ../dispose_cmd.h ../make_cmd.h ../subst.h ../externs.h read.o: ../shell.h ../unwind_prot.h ../variables.h ../maxpath.h return.o: ../command.h ../config.h ../memalloc.h ../error.h ../general.h return.o: ../quit.h ../dispose_cmd.h ../make_cmd.h ../subst.h ../externs.h return.o: ../shell.h ../unwind_prot.h ../variables.h ../maxpath.h set.o: ../command.h ../config.h ../memalloc.h ../error.h ../general.h set.o: ../quit.h ../dispose_cmd.h ../make_cmd.h ../subst.h ../externs.h set.o: ../shell.h ../unwind_prot.h ../variables.h ../maxpath.h setattr.o: ../command.h ../config.h ../memalloc.h ../error.h ../general.h setattr.o: ../quit.h common.h bashgetopt.h ../maxpath.h setattr.o: ../dispose_cmd.h ../make_cmd.h ../subst.h ../externs.h setattr.o: ../shell.h ../unwind_prot.h ../variables.h shift.o: ../command.h ../config.h ../memalloc.h ../error.h ../general.h shift.o: ../quit.h ../dispose_cmd.h ../make_cmd.h ../subst.h ../externs.h shift.o: ../shell.h ../unwind_prot.h ../variables.h ../maxpath.h source.o: ../command.h ../config.h ../memalloc.h ../error.h ../general.h source.o: ../quit.h ../dispose_cmd.h ../make_cmd.h ../subst.h ../externs.h source.o: ../shell.h ../unwind_prot.h ../variables.h ../maxpath.h suspend.o: ../command.h ../config.h ../memalloc.h ../error.h ../general.h suspend.o: ../quit.h ../dispose_cmd.h ../make_cmd.h ../subst.h ../externs.h suspend.o: ../shell.h ../unwind_prot.h ../variables.h ../maxpath.h test.o: ../command.h ../config.h ../memalloc.h ../error.h ../general.h test.o: ../quit.h ../dispose_cmd.h ../make_cmd.h ../subst.h ../externs.h test.o: ../shell.h ../unwind_prot.h ../variables.h ../maxpath.h times.o: ../command.h ../config.h ../memalloc.h ../error.h ../general.h times.o: ../quit.h ../dispose_cmd.h ../make_cmd.h ../subst.h ../externs.h times.o: ../shell.h ../unwind_prot.h ../variables.h ../maxpath.h trap.o: ../command.h ../config.h ../memalloc.h ../error.h ../general.h trap.o: ../quit.h common.h ../maxpath.h trap.o: ../dispose_cmd.h ../make_cmd.h ../subst.h ../externs.h trap.o: ../shell.h ../unwind_prot.h ../variables.h ../execute_cmd.h type.o: ../command.h ../config.h ../memalloc.h ../error.h ../general.h type.o: ../quit.h common.h ../maxpath.h type.o: ../dispose_cmd.h ../make_cmd.h ../subst.h ../externs.h type.o: ../shell.h ../unwind_prot.h ../variables.h ulimit.o: ../command.h ../config.h ../memalloc.h ../error.h ../general.h ulimit.o: ../quit.h ../dispose_cmd.h ../make_cmd.h ../subst.h ../externs.h ulimit.o: ../shell.h ../unwind_prot.h ../variables.h ../maxpath.h umask.o: ../command.h ../config.h ../memalloc.h ../error.h ../general.h umask.o: ../quit.h ../dispose_cmd.h ../make_cmd.h ../subst.h ../externs.h umask.o: ../shell.h ../unwind_prot.h ../variables.h ../maxpath.h wait.o: ../command.h ../config.h ../memalloc.h ../error.h ../general.h wait.o: ../quit.h ../dispose_cmd.h ../make_cmd.h ../subst.h ../externs.h wait.o: ../shell.h ../unwind_prot.h ../variables.h ../maxpath.h bashgetopt.o: ../bashansi.h ../ansi_stdlib.h mkbuiltins.o: ../bashansi.h ../ansi_stdlib.h fc.o: ../bashansi.h ../ansi_stdlib.h #bind.o: $(RL_LIBSRC)chardefs.h $(RL_LIBSRC)readline.h $(RL_LIBSRC)keymaps.h bash-1.14.3/builtins/alias.def 664 436 0 7625 5544410563 14275 0ustar chetwheelThis file is alias.def, from which is created alias.c It implements the builtins "alias" and "unalias" in Bash. Copyright (C) 1987, 1989, 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc. This file is part of GNU Bash, the Bourne Again SHell. Bash is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 1, or (at your option) any later version. Bash is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details. You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with Bash; see the file COPYING. If not, write to the Free Software Foundation, 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. $BUILTIN alias $FUNCTION alias_builtin $DEPENDS_ON ALIAS $PRODUCES alias.c $SHORT_DOC alias [ name[=value] ... ] `alias' with no arguments prints the list of aliases in the form NAME=VALUE on standard output. An alias is defined for each NAME whose VALUE is given. A trailing space in VALUE causes the next word to be checked for alias substitution. Alias returns true unless a NAME is given for which no alias has been defined. $END #include "../config.h" #if defined (ALIAS) # include # include "../shell.h" # include "../alias.h" # include "common.h" extern int interactive; static void print_alias (); /* Hack the alias command in a Korn shell way. */ alias_builtin (list) WORD_LIST *list; { int any_failed = 0; if (!list) { register int i; ASSOC **alias_list; if (!aliases) return (EXECUTION_FAILURE); alias_list = all_aliases (); if (!alias_list) return (EXECUTION_FAILURE); for (i = 0; alias_list[i]; i++) print_alias (alias_list[i]); free (alias_list); /* XXX - Do not free the strings. */ } else { while (list) { register char *value, *name = list->word->word; register int offset; for (offset = 0; name[offset] && name[offset] != '='; offset++) ; if (offset && name[offset] == '=') { name[offset] = '\0'; value = name + offset + 1; add_alias (name, value); } else { ASSOC *t = find_alias (name); if (t) print_alias (t); else { if (interactive) builtin_error ("`%s' not found", name); any_failed++; } } list = list->next; } } if (any_failed) return (EXECUTION_FAILURE); else return (EXECUTION_SUCCESS); } #endif /* ALIAS */ $BUILTIN unalias $FUNCTION unalias_builtin $DEPENDS_ON ALIAS $SHORT_DOC unalias [-a] [name ...] Remove NAMEs from the list of defined aliases. If the -a option is given, then remove all alias definitions. $END #if defined (ALIAS) /* Remove aliases named in LIST from the aliases database. */ unalias_builtin (list) register WORD_LIST *list; { register ASSOC *alias; int any_failed = 0; while (list && *list->word->word == '-') { register char *word = list->word->word; if (ISOPTION (word, 'a')) { delete_all_aliases (); list = list->next; } else if (ISOPTION (word, '-')) { list = list->next; break; } else { bad_option (word); return (EXECUTION_FAILURE); } } while (list) { alias = find_alias (list->word->word); if (alias) remove_alias (alias->name); else { if (interactive) builtin_error ("`%s' not an alias", list->word->word); any_failed++; } list = list->next; } if (any_failed) return (EXECUTION_FAILURE); else return (EXECUTION_SUCCESS); } /* Output ALIAS in such a way as to allow it to be read back in. */ static void print_alias (alias) ASSOC *alias; { char *value = single_quote (alias->value); printf ("alias %s=%s\n", alias->name, value); free (value); fflush (stdout); } #endif /* ALIAS */ bash-1.14.3/builtins/bind.def 644 436 0 12576 5670673737 14155 0ustar chetwheelThis file is bind.def, from which is created bind.c. It implements the builtin "bind" in Bash. Copyright (C) 1987, 1989, 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc. This file is part of GNU Bash, the Bourne Again SHell. Bash is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 1, or (at your option) any later version. Bash is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details. You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with Bash; see the file COPYING. If not, write to the Free Software Foundation, 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. $PRODUCES bind.c $BUILTIN bind $DEPENDS_ON READLINE $FUNCTION bind_builtin $SHORT_DOC bind [-lvd] [-m keymap] [-f filename] [-q name] [keyseq:readline-function] Bind a key sequence to a Readline function, or to a macro. The syntax is equivalent to that found in ~/.inputrc, but must be passed as a single argument: bind '"\C-x\C-r": re-read-init-file'. Arguments we accept: -m keymap Use `keymap' as the keymap for the duration of this command. Acceptable keymap names are emacs, emacs-standard, emacs-meta, emacs-ctlx, vi, vi-move, vi-command, and vi-insert. -l List names of functions. -v List function names and bindings. -d Dump functions and bindings such that they can be read back in. -f filename Read key bindings from FILENAME. -q function-name Query about which keys invoke the named function. $END #include #include "../shell.h" #if defined (READLINE) #include #if !defined (errno) extern int errno; #endif /* !errno */ #include #include #include "bashgetopt.h" static int query_bindings (); extern int bash_readline_initialized; extern int no_line_editing; #define BIND_RETURN(x) do { return_code = x; goto bind_exit; } while (0) #define USAGE "usage: bind [-lvd] [-m keymap] [-f filename] [-q name] [keyseq:readline_func]" int bind_builtin (list) WORD_LIST *list; { int return_code = EXECUTION_SUCCESS; FILE *old_rl_outstream; Keymap kmap, saved_keymap; int lflag, dflag, fflag, vflag, qflag, mflag, opt; char *initfile, *map_name, *fun_name; if (no_line_editing) return (EXECUTION_FAILURE); kmap = saved_keymap = (Keymap) NULL; lflag = dflag = vflag = fflag = qflag = mflag = 0; initfile = map_name = fun_name = (char *)NULL; if (!bash_readline_initialized) initialize_readline (); /* Cannot use unwind_protect_pointer () on "FILE *", it is only guaranteed to work for strings. */ /* XXX -- see if we can use unwind_protect here */ old_rl_outstream = rl_outstream; rl_outstream = stdout; reset_internal_getopt (); while ((opt = internal_getopt (list, "lvdf:q:m:")) != EOF) { switch (opt) { case 'l': lflag++; break; case 'v': vflag++; break; case 'd': dflag++; break; case 'f': fflag++; initfile = list_optarg; break; case 'm': mflag++; map_name = list_optarg; break; case 'q': qflag++; fun_name = list_optarg; break; default: builtin_error (USAGE); BIND_RETURN (EX_USAGE); } } list = loptend; /* First, see if we need to install a special keymap for this command. Then start on the arguments. */ if (mflag && map_name) { kmap = rl_get_keymap_by_name (map_name); if (!kmap) { builtin_error ("`%s': illegal keymap name", map_name); BIND_RETURN (EXECUTION_FAILURE); } } if (kmap) { saved_keymap = rl_get_keymap (); rl_set_keymap (kmap); } /* XXX - we need to add exclusive use tests here. It doesn't make sense to use some of these options together. */ /* Now hack the option arguments */ if (lflag) rl_list_funmap_names (0); if (vflag) rl_function_dumper (0); if (dflag) rl_function_dumper (1); if (fflag && initfile) { if (rl_read_init_file (initfile) != 0) { builtin_error ("cannot read %s: %s", initfile, strerror (errno)); BIND_RETURN (EXECUTION_FAILURE); } } if (qflag && fun_name) return_code = query_bindings (fun_name); /* Process the rest of the arguments as binding specifications. */ while (list) { rl_parse_and_bind (list->word->word); list = list->next; } bind_exit: if (saved_keymap) rl_set_keymap (saved_keymap); rl_outstream = old_rl_outstream; return (return_code); } static int query_bindings (name) char *name; { Function *function; char **keyseqs; int j; function = rl_named_function (name); if (!function) { builtin_error ("unknown function name `%s'", name); return EXECUTION_FAILURE; } keyseqs = rl_invoking_keyseqs (function); if (!keyseqs) { printf ("%s is not bound to any keys.\n", name); return EXECUTION_FAILURE; } printf ("%s can be invoked via ", name); for (j = 0; j < 5 && keyseqs[j]; j++) printf ("\"%s\"%s", keyseqs[j], keyseqs[j + 1] ? ", " : ".\n"); if (keyseqs[j]) printf ("...\n"); free_array (keyseqs); return EXECUTION_SUCCESS; } #endif /* READLINE */ bash-1.14.3/builtins/break.def 644 436 0 5312 5445445307 14261 0ustar chetwheelThis file is break.def, from which is created break.c. It implements the builtins "break" and "continue" in Bash. Copyright (C) 1987, 1989, 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc. This file is part of GNU Bash, the Bourne Again SHell. Bash is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 1, or (at your option) any later version. Bash is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details. You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with Bash; see the file COPYING. If not, write to the Free Software Foundation, 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. $PRODUCES break.c $BUILTIN break $FUNCTION break_builtin $SHORT_DOC break [n] Exit from within a FOR, WHILE or UNTIL loop. If N is specified, break N levels. $END #include "../shell.h" extern char *this_command_name; static int check_loop_level (); /* The depth of while's and until's. */ int loop_level = 0; /* Non-zero when a "break" instruction is encountered. */ int breaking = 0; /* Non-zero when we have encountered a continue instruction. */ int continuing = 0; /* Set up to break x levels, where x defaults to 1, but can be specified as the first argument. */ break_builtin (list) WORD_LIST *list; { int newbreak; if (!check_loop_level ()) return (EXECUTION_FAILURE); newbreak = get_numeric_arg (list); if (newbreak <= 0) return (EXECUTION_FAILURE); if (newbreak > loop_level) newbreak = loop_level; breaking = newbreak; return (EXECUTION_SUCCESS); } $BUILTIN continue $FUNCTION continue_builtin $SHORT_DOC continue [n] Resume the next iteration of the enclosing FOR, WHILE or UNTIL loop. If N is specified, resume at the N-th enclosing loop. $END /* Set up to continue x levels, where x defaults to 1, but can be specified as the first argument. */ continue_builtin (list) WORD_LIST *list; { int newcont; if (!check_loop_level ()) return (EXECUTION_FAILURE); newcont = get_numeric_arg (list); if (newcont <= 0) return (EXECUTION_FAILURE); if (newcont > loop_level) newcont = loop_level; continuing = newcont; return (EXECUTION_SUCCESS); } /* Return non-zero if a break or continue command would be okay. Print an error message if break or continue is meaningless here. */ static int check_loop_level () { #if defined (BREAK_COMPLAINS) if (!loop_level) builtin_error ("Only meaningful in a `for', `while', or `until' loop"); #endif /* BREAK_COMPLAINS */ return (loop_level); } bash-1.14.3/builtins/builtin.def 664 436 0 3630 5510316646 14642 0ustar chetwheelThis file is builtin.def, from which is created builtin.c. It implements the builtin "builtin" in Bash. Copyright (C) 1987, 1989, 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc. This file is part of GNU Bash, the Bourne Again SHell. Bash is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 1, or (at your option) any later version. Bash is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details. You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with Bash; see the file COPYING. If not, write to the Free Software Foundation, 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. $PRODUCES builtin.c $BUILTIN builtin $FUNCTION builtin_builtin $SHORT_DOC builtin [shell-builtin [arg ...]] Run a shell builtin. This is useful when you wish to rename a shell builtin to be a function, but need the functionality of the builtin within the function itself. $END #include "../shell.h" #include "common.h" extern char *this_command_name; /* Run the command mentioned in list directly, without going through the normal alias/function/builtin/filename lookup process. */ builtin_builtin (list) WORD_LIST *list; { Function *function; register char *command; if (!list) return (EXECUTION_SUCCESS); command = (list->word->word); #if defined (DISABLED_BUILTINS) function = builtin_address (command); #else /* !DISABLED_BUILTINS */ function = find_shell_builtin (command); #endif /* !DISABLED_BUILTINS */ if (!function) { builtin_error ("%s: not a shell builtin", command); return (EXECUTION_FAILURE); } else { this_command_name = command; list = list->next; return ((*function) (list)); } } bash-1.14.3/builtins/cd.def 644 436 0 40766 5550267110 13606 0ustar chetwheelThis file is cd.def, from which is created cd.c. It implements the builtins "cd", "pwd", "pushd", "popd", and "dirs" in Bash. Copyright (C) 1987, 1989, 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc. This file is part of GNU Bash, the Bourne Again SHell. Bash is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 1, or (at your option) any later version. Bash is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details. You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with Bash; see the file COPYING. If not, write to the Free Software Foundation, 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. $PRODUCES cd.c #include #include #if defined (HAVE_STRING_H) # include #else /* !HAVE_STRING_H */ # include #endif /* !HAVE_STRING_H */ #include #include #include "../shell.h" #include "../flags.h" #include "../maxpath.h" #include "common.h" #if !defined (errno) extern int errno; #endif /* !errno */ static int change_to_directory (), cd_to_string (); $BUILTIN cd $FUNCTION cd_builtin $SHORT_DOC cd [dir] Change the current directory to DIR. The variable $HOME is the default DIR. The variable $CDPATH defines the search path for the directory containing DIR. Alternative directory names are separated by a colon (:). A null directory name is the same as the current directory, i.e. `.'. If DIR begins with a slash (/), then $CDPATH is not used. If the directory is not found, and the shell variable `cdable_vars' exists, then try the word as a variable name. If that variable has a value, then cd to the value of that variable. $END /* This builtin is ultimately the way that all user-visible commands should change the current working directory. It is called by cd_to_string (), so the programming interface is simple, and it handles errors and restrictions properly. */ int cd_builtin (list) WORD_LIST *list; { char *dirname; #if defined (RESTRICTED_SHELL) if (restricted) { builtin_error ("restricted"); return (EXECUTION_FAILURE); } #endif /* RESTRICTED_SHELL */ if (list) { char *extract_colon_unit (); char *path_string = get_string_value ("CDPATH"); char *path; int path_index = 0, dirlen, pathlen; dirname = list->word->word; if (path_string && !absolute_pathname (dirname)) { while ((path = extract_colon_unit (path_string, &path_index))) { char *dir; if (*path == '~') { char *te_string = tilde_expand (path); free (path); path = te_string; } if (!*path) { free (path); path = xmalloc (2); path[0] = '.'; /* by definition. */ path[1] = '\0'; } dirlen = strlen (dirname); pathlen = strlen (path); dir = xmalloc (2 + dirlen + pathlen); strcpy (dir, path); if (path[pathlen - 1] != '/') { dir[pathlen++] = '/'; dir[pathlen] = '\0'; } strcpy (dir + pathlen, dirname); free (path); if (change_to_directory (dir)) { /* replaces (strncmp (dir, "./", 2) != 0) */ if (dir[0] != '.' || dir[1] != '/') printf ("%s\n", dir); free (dir); goto bind_and_exit; } else free (dir); } } if (!change_to_directory (dirname)) { /* Maybe this is `cd -', equivalent to `cd $OLDPWD' */ if (dirname[0] == '-' && dirname[1] == '\0') { char *t = get_string_value ("OLDPWD"); if (t && change_to_directory (t)) goto bind_and_exit; } /* If the user requests it, then perhaps this is the name of a shell variable, whose value contains the directory to change to. If that is the case, then change to that directory. */ if (find_variable ("cdable_vars")) { char *t = get_string_value (dirname); if (t && change_to_directory (t)) { printf ("%s\n", t); goto bind_and_exit; } } file_error (dirname); return (EXECUTION_FAILURE); } goto bind_and_exit; } else { dirname = get_string_value ("HOME"); if (!dirname) return (EXECUTION_FAILURE); if (!change_to_directory (dirname)) { file_error (dirname); return (EXECUTION_FAILURE); } bind_and_exit: { char *directory; directory = get_working_directory ("cd"); bind_variable ("OLDPWD", get_string_value ("PWD")); bind_variable ("PWD", directory); FREE (directory); } return (EXECUTION_SUCCESS); } } $BUILTIN pwd $FUNCTION pwd_builtin $SHORT_DOC pwd Print the current working directory. $END /* Non-zero means that pwd always give verbatim directory, regardless of symbolic link following. */ static int verbatim_pwd; /* Print the name of the current working directory. */ pwd_builtin (list) WORD_LIST *list; { char *directory, *s; #if 0 no_args (list); #else verbatim_pwd = no_symbolic_links; if (list && (s = list->word->word) && s[0] == '-' && s[1] == 'P' && !s[2]) verbatim_pwd = 1; #endif if (verbatim_pwd) { char *buffer = xmalloc (MAXPATHLEN); directory = getwd (buffer); if (!directory) { builtin_error ("%s", buffer); free (buffer); } } else directory = get_working_directory ("pwd"); if (directory) { printf ("%s\n", directory); fflush (stdout); free (directory); return (EXECUTION_SUCCESS); } else return (EXECUTION_FAILURE); } $BUILTIN pushd $FUNCTION pushd_builtin $DEPENDS_ON PUSHD_AND_POPD $SHORT_DOC pushd [dir | +n | -n] Adds a directory to the top of the directory stack, or rotates the stack, making the new top of the stack the current working directory. With no arguments, exchanges the top two directories. +n Rotates the stack so that the Nth directory (counting from the left of the list shown by `dirs') is at the top. -n Rotates the stack so that the Nth directory (counting from the right) is at the top. dir adds DIR to the directory stack at the top, making it the new current working directory. You can see the directory stack with the `dirs' command. $END #if defined (PUSHD_AND_POPD) /* Some useful commands whose behaviour has been observed in Csh. */ /* The list of remembered directories. */ static char **pushd_directory_list = (char **)NULL; /* Number of existing slots in this list. */ static int directory_list_size = 0; /* Offset to the end of the list. */ static int directory_list_offset = 0; pushd_builtin (list) WORD_LIST *list; { char *temp, *current_directory; int j = directory_list_offset - 1; char direction = '+'; /* If there is no argument list then switch current and top of list. */ if (!list) { if (!directory_list_offset) { builtin_error ("No other directory"); return (EXECUTION_FAILURE); } current_directory = get_working_directory ("pushd"); if (!current_directory) return (EXECUTION_FAILURE); temp = pushd_directory_list[j]; pushd_directory_list[j] = current_directory; goto change_to_temp; } else { direction = *(list->word->word); if (direction == '+' || direction == '-') { int num; if (1 == sscanf (&(list->word->word)[1], "%d", &num)) { if (direction == '-') num = directory_list_offset - num; if (num > directory_list_offset || num < 0) { if (!directory_list_offset) builtin_error ("Directory stack empty"); else builtin_error ("Stack contains only %d directories", directory_list_offset + 1); return (EXECUTION_FAILURE); } else { /* Rotate the stack num times. Remember, the current directory acts like it is part of the stack. */ temp = get_working_directory ("pushd"); if (!num) goto change_to_temp; do { char *top = pushd_directory_list[directory_list_offset - 1]; for (j = directory_list_offset - 2; j > -1; j--) pushd_directory_list[j + 1] = pushd_directory_list[j]; pushd_directory_list[j + 1] = temp; temp = top; num--; } while (num); temp = savestring (temp); change_to_temp: { int tt = EXECUTION_FAILURE; if (temp) { tt = cd_to_string (temp); free (temp); } if ((tt == EXECUTION_SUCCESS)) dirs_builtin ((WORD_LIST *)NULL); return (tt); } } } } /* Change to the directory in list->word->word. Save the current directory on the top of the stack. */ current_directory = get_working_directory ("pushd"); if (!current_directory) return (EXECUTION_FAILURE); if (cd_builtin (list) == EXECUTION_SUCCESS) { if (directory_list_offset == directory_list_size) { pushd_directory_list = (char **) xrealloc (pushd_directory_list, (directory_list_size += 10) * sizeof (char *)); } pushd_directory_list[directory_list_offset++] = current_directory; dirs_builtin ((WORD_LIST *)NULL); return (EXECUTION_SUCCESS); } else { free (current_directory); return (EXECUTION_FAILURE); } } } #endif /* PUSHD_AND_POPD */ $BUILTIN dirs $FUNCTION dirs_builtin $DEPENDS_ON PUSHD_AND_POPD $SHORT_DOC dirs [-l] Display the list of currently remembered directories. Directories find their way onto the list with the `pushd' command; you can get back up through the list with the `popd' command. The -l flag specifies that `dirs' should not print shorthand versions of directories which are relative to your home directory. This means that `~/bin' might be displayed as `/homes/bfox/bin'. $END #if defined (PUSHD_AND_POPD) /* Print the current list of directories on the directory stack. */ dirs_builtin (list) WORD_LIST *list; { int i, format, desired_index, index_flag; char *temp, *w; format = index_flag = 0; desired_index = -1; /* Maybe do long form or print specific dir stack entry? */ while (list) { if (strcmp (list->word->word, "-l") == 0) { format++; list = list->next; } else if (*list->word->word == '+' && all_digits (list->word->word + 1)) { w = list->word->word + 1; index_flag = 1; i = atoi (w); /* dirs +0 prints the current working directory. */ if (i == 0) desired_index = i; else if (i == directory_list_offset) { desired_index = 0; index_flag = 2; } else desired_index = directory_list_offset - i; list = list->next; } else if (*list->word->word == '-' && all_digits (list->word->word + 1)) { w = list->word->word + 1; i = atoi (w); index_flag = 2; /* dirs -X where X is directory_list_offset prints the current working directory. */ if (i == directory_list_offset) { index_flag = 1; desired_index = 0; } else desired_index = i; list = list->next; } else { bad_option (list->word->word); return (EXECUTION_FAILURE); } } if (index_flag && (desired_index < 0 || desired_index > directory_list_offset)) { if (directory_list_offset == 0) builtin_error ("directory stack empty"); else builtin_error ("%s: bad directory stack index", w); return (EXECUTION_FAILURE); } /* The first directory printed is always the current working directory. */ if (!index_flag || (index_flag == 1 && desired_index == 0)) { temp = get_working_directory ("dirs"); if (!temp) temp = savestring (""); printf ("%s", format ? temp : polite_directory_format (temp)); free (temp); if (index_flag) { putchar ('\n'); return EXECUTION_SUCCESS; } } #define DIRSTACK_ENTRY(i) \ format ? pushd_directory_list[i] \ : polite_directory_format (pushd_directory_list[i]) /* Now print the requested directory stack entries. */ if (index_flag) printf ("%s", DIRSTACK_ENTRY (desired_index)); else for (i = (directory_list_offset - 1); i > -1; i--) printf (" %s", DIRSTACK_ENTRY (i)); putchar ('\n'); fflush (stdout); return (EXECUTION_SUCCESS); } #endif /* PUSHD_AND_POPD */ $BUILTIN popd $FUNCTION popd_builtin $DEPENDS_ON PUSHD_AND_POPD $SHORT_DOC popd [+n | -n] Removes entries from the directory stack. With no arguments, removes the top directory from the stack, and cd's to the new top directory. +n removes the Nth entry counting from the left of the list shown by `dirs', starting with zero. For example: `popd +0' removes the first directory, `popd +1' the second. -n removes the Nth entry counting from the right of the list shown by `dirs', starting with zero. For example: `popd -0' removes the last directory, `popd -1' the next to last. You can see the directory stack with the `dirs' command. $END #if defined (PUSHD_AND_POPD) /* Pop the directory stack, and then change to the new top of the stack. If LIST is non-null it should consist of a word +N or -N, which says what element to delete from the stack. The default is the top one. */ popd_builtin (list) WORD_LIST *list; { register int i; int which = 0; char direction = '+'; if (list) { direction = *(list->word->word); if ((direction != '+' && direction != '-') || (1 != sscanf (&((list->word->word)[1]), "%d", &which))) { builtin_error ("bad arg `%s'", list->word->word); return (EXECUTION_FAILURE); } } if (which > directory_list_offset || (!directory_list_offset && !which)) { if (!directory_list_offset) builtin_error ("Directory stack empty"); else builtin_error ("Stack contains only %d directories", directory_list_offset + 1); return (EXECUTION_FAILURE); } /* Handle case of no specification, or top of stack specification. */ if ((direction == '+' && which == 0) || (direction == '-' && which == directory_list_offset)) { i = cd_to_string (pushd_directory_list[directory_list_offset - 1]); if (i != EXECUTION_SUCCESS) return (i); free (pushd_directory_list[--directory_list_offset]); } else { /* Since an offset other than the top directory was specified, remove that directory from the list and shift the remainder of the list into place. */ if (direction == '+') i = directory_list_offset - which; else i = which; free (pushd_directory_list[i]); directory_list_offset--; /* Shift the remainder of the list into place. */ for (; i < directory_list_offset; i++) pushd_directory_list[i] = pushd_directory_list[i + 1]; } dirs_builtin ((WORD_LIST *)NULL); return (EXECUTION_SUCCESS); } #endif /* PUSHD_AND_POPD */ /* Do the work of changing to the directory NEWDIR. Handle symbolic link following, etc. */ static int change_to_directory (newdir) char *newdir; { char *t; if (!no_symbolic_links) { int chdir_return = 0; char *tdir = (char *)NULL; if (!the_current_working_directory) { t = get_working_directory ("cd_links"); FREE (t); } if (the_current_working_directory) t = make_absolute (newdir, the_current_working_directory); else t = savestring (newdir); /* TDIR is the canonicalized absolute pathname of the NEWDIR. */ tdir = canonicalize_pathname (t); /* Use the canonicalized version of NEWDIR, or, if canonicalization failed, use the non-canonical form. */ if (tdir && *tdir) free (t); else { FREE (tdir); tdir = t; } if (chdir (tdir) < 0) { int err; chdir_return = 0; free (tdir); err = errno; /* We failed changing to the canonicalized directory name. Try what the user passed verbatim. If we succeed, reinitialize the_current_working_directory. */ if (chdir (newdir) == 0) { chdir_return = 1; if (the_current_working_directory) { free (the_current_working_directory); the_current_working_directory = (char *)NULL; } tdir = get_working_directory ("cd"); FREE (tdir); } else errno = err; } else { chdir_return = 1; FREE (the_current_working_directory); the_current_working_directory = tdir; } return (chdir_return); } else { if (chdir (newdir) < 0) return (0); else return (1); } } /* Switch to the directory in NAME. This uses the cd_builtin to do the work, so if the result is EXECUTION_FAILURE then an error message has already been printed. */ static int cd_to_string (name) char *name; { WORD_LIST *tlist = make_word_list (make_word (name), NULL); int result = (cd_builtin (tlist)); dispose_words (tlist); return (result); } bash-1.14.3/builtins/colon.def 664 436 0 2145 5104021241 14265 0ustar chetwheelThis file is colon.def, from which is created colon.c. It implements the builtin ":" in Bash. Copyright (C) 1987, 1989, 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc. This file is part of GNU Bash, the Bourne Again SHell. Bash is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 1, or (at your option) any later version. Bash is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details. You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with Bash; see the file COPYING. If not, write to the Free Software Foundation, 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. $PRODUCES colon.c $BUILTIN : $DOCNAME colon_builtin $FUNCTION colon_builtin $SHORT_DOC : No effect; the command does nothing. A zero exit code is returned. $END /* Do nothing. This command is a no-op. */ int colon_builtin (ignore) char *ignore; { return (0); } bash-1.14.3/builtins/command.def 664 436 0 11343 5601635270 14630 0ustar chetwheelThis file is command.def, from which is created command.c. It implements the builtin "command" in Bash. Copyright (C) 1987, 1989, 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc. This file is part of GNU Bash, the Bourne Again SHell. Bash is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 1, or (at your option) any later version. Bash is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details. You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with Bash; see the file COPYING. If not, write to the Free Software Foundation, 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. $PRODUCES command.c $BUILTIN command $FUNCTION command_builtin $SHORT_DOC command [-pVv] [command [arg ...]] Runs COMMAND with ARGS ignoring shell functions. If you have a shell function called `ls', and you wish to call the command `ls', you can say "command ls". If the -p option is given, a default value is used for PATH that is guaranteed to find all of the standard utilities. If the -V or -v option is given, a string is printed describing COMMAND. The -V option produces a more verbose description. $END #if defined (HAVE_STRING_H) # include #else /* !HAVE_STRING_H */ # include #endif /* !HAVE_STRING_H */ #include "../shell.h" #include "bashgetopt.h" extern int subshell_environment; static void restore_path (); static char *get_standard_path (); /* Run the commands mentioned in LIST without paying attention to shell functions. */ int command_builtin (list) WORD_LIST *list; { int result, verbose = 0, use_standard_path = 0, opt; char *old_path; reset_internal_getopt (); while ((opt = internal_getopt (list, "pvV")) != -1) { switch (opt) { case 'p': use_standard_path = 1; break; case 'V': verbose = 2; break; case 'v': verbose = 4; break; default: report_bad_option (); builtin_error ("usage: command [-pvV] [command [arg...]]"); return (EX_USAGE); } } list = loptend; if (!list) return (EXECUTION_SUCCESS); if (verbose) { int found, any_found = 0; while (list) { found = describe_command (list->word->word, verbose, 0); if (!found) builtin_error ("%s: not found", list->word->word); any_found += found; list = list->next; } return (any_found ? EXECUTION_SUCCESS : EXECUTION_FAILURE); } begin_unwind_frame ("command_builtin"); /* We don't want this to be reparsed (consider command echo 'foo &'), so just make a simple_command structure and call execute_command with it. */ { COMMAND *command; if (use_standard_path) { char *standard_path; old_path = get_string_value ("PATH"); if (old_path) old_path = savestring (old_path); else old_path = savestring (""); add_unwind_protect ((Function *)restore_path, old_path); standard_path = get_standard_path (); bind_variable ("PATH", standard_path); free (standard_path); } command = make_bare_simple_command (); command->value.Simple->words = (WORD_LIST *)copy_word_list (list); command->value.Simple->redirects = (REDIRECT *)NULL; command->flags |= (CMD_NO_FUNCTIONS | CMD_INHIBIT_EXPANSION); command->value.Simple->flags |= (CMD_NO_FUNCTIONS | CMD_INHIBIT_EXPANSION); /* If we're in a subshell, see if we can get away without forking again, since we've already forked to run this builtin. */ if (subshell_environment) { command->flags |= CMD_NO_FORK; command->value.Simple->flags |= CMD_NO_FORK; } add_unwind_protect ((char *)dispose_command, command); result = execute_command (command); } run_unwind_frame ("command_builtin"); return (result); } /* Restore the value of the $PATH variable after replacing it when executing `command -p'. */ static void restore_path (var) char *var; { bind_variable ("PATH", var); free (var); } /* Return a value for PATH that is guaranteed to find all of the standard utilities. This uses Posix.2 configuration variables, if present. It uses a value defined in config.h as a last resort. */ static char * get_standard_path () { #if defined (_CS_PATH) && !defined (hpux_7) && !defined (NetBSD) char *p; size_t len; len = (size_t)confstr (_CS_PATH, (char *)NULL, (size_t)0); p = xmalloc ((int)len + 2); *p = '\0'; confstr (_CS_PATH, p, len); return (p); #else /* !_CSPATH || hpux_7 || NetBSD */ # if defined (CS_PATH) return (savestring (CS_PATH)); # else return (savestring (STANDARD_UTILS_PATH)); # endif /* !CS_PATH */ #endif /* !_CS_PATH || hpux_7 */ } bash-1.14.3/builtins/common.c 644 436 0 45000 5672152677 14176 0ustar chetwheel/* Copyright (C) 1987, 1989, 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc. This file is part of GNU Bash, the Bourne Again SHell. Bash is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 1, or (at your option) any later version. Bash is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details. You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with Bash; see the file COPYING. If not, write to the Free Software Foundation, 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. */ #include #include #include "../posixstat.h" #if defined (HAVE_VFPRINTF) #include #endif /* VFPRINTF */ #if defined (HAVE_STRING_H) # include #else /* !HAVE_STRING_H */ # include #endif /* !HAVE_STRING_H */ #include "../shell.h" #include "../unwind_prot.h" #include "../maxpath.h" #include "../jobs.h" #include "../builtins.h" #include "../input.h" #include "../execute_cmd.h" #include "hashcom.h" #include "common.h" #include #if defined (HISTORY) # include "../bashhist.h" #endif extern int no_symbolic_links, interactive, interactive_shell; extern int indirection_level, startup_state; extern int last_command_exit_value; extern int hashing_disabled; extern int variable_context; extern char *this_command_name, *shell_name; extern COMMAND *global_command; extern HASH_TABLE *hashed_filenames; /* Read a numeric arg for this_command_name, the name of the shell builtin that wants it. LIST is the word list that the arg is to come from. */ int get_numeric_arg (list) WORD_LIST *list; { int count = 1; if (list) { register char *arg; int sign = 1; arg = list->word->word; if (!arg) goto bad_number; /* Skip optional leading white space. */ while (whitespace (*arg)) arg++; if (!*arg) goto bad_number; /* We allow leading `-' or `+'. */ if (*arg == '-' || *arg == '+') { if (!digit (arg[1])) goto bad_number; if (*arg == '-') sign = -1; arg++; } for (count = 0; digit (*arg); arg++) count = (count * 10) + digit_value (*arg); /* Skip trailing whitespace, if any. */ while (whitespace (*arg)) arg++; if (!*arg) count = count * sign; else { bad_number: builtin_error ("bad non-numeric arg `%s'", list->word->word); throw_to_top_level (); } no_args (list->next); } return (count); } /* This is a lot like report_error (), but it is for shell builtins instead of shell control structures, and it won't ever exit the shell. */ #if defined (HAVE_VFPRINTF) void builtin_error (va_alist) va_dcl { char *format; va_list args; if (this_command_name && *this_command_name) fprintf (stderr, "%s: ", this_command_name); va_start (args); format = va_arg (args, char *); vfprintf (stderr, format, args); va_end (args); fprintf (stderr, "\n"); } #else /* !HAVE_VFPRINTF */ void builtin_error (format, arg1, arg2, arg3, arg4, arg5) char *format, *arg1, *arg2, *arg3, *arg4, *arg5; { if (this_command_name && *this_command_name) fprintf (stderr, "%s: ", this_command_name); fprintf (stderr, format, arg1, arg2, arg3, arg4, arg5); fprintf (stderr, "\n"); fflush (stderr); } #endif /* !HAVE_VFPRINTF */ /* Remember LIST in $0 ... $9, and REST_OF_ARGS. If DESTRUCTIVE is non-zero, then discard whatever the existing arguments are, else only discard the ones that are to be replaced. */ void remember_args (list, destructive) WORD_LIST *list; int destructive; { register int i; for (i = 1; i < 10; i++) { if (destructive && dollar_vars[i]) { free (dollar_vars[i]); dollar_vars[i] = (char *)NULL; } if (list) { if (!destructive && dollar_vars[i]) free (dollar_vars[i]); dollar_vars[i] = savestring (list->word->word); list = list->next; } } /* If arguments remain, assign them to REST_OF_ARGS. Note that copy_word_list (NULL) returns NULL, and that dispose_words (NULL) does nothing. */ if (destructive || list) { dispose_words (rest_of_args); rest_of_args = copy_word_list (list); } if (destructive) set_dollar_vars_changed (); } /* Return if LIST is NULL else barf and jump to top_level. */ void no_args (list) WORD_LIST *list; { if (list) { builtin_error ("extra arguments"); longjmp (top_level, DISCARD); } } /* Return the octal number parsed from STRING, or -1 to indicate that the string contained a bad number. */ int read_octal (string) char *string; { int result = 0; int digits = 0; while (*string && *string >= '0' && *string < '8') { digits++; result = (result * 8) + *string++ - '0'; } if (!digits || result > 0777 || *string) result = -1; return (result); } /* Temporary static. */ static char *dotted_filename = (char *)NULL; /* Return the full pathname that FILENAME hashes to. If FILENAME is hashed, but data->check_dot is non-zero, check ./FILENAME and return that if it is executable. */ char * find_hashed_filename (filename) char *filename; { register BUCKET_CONTENTS *item; if (hashing_disabled) return ((char *)NULL); item = find_hash_item (filename, hashed_filenames); if (item) { /* If this filename is hashed, but `.' comes before it in the path, then see if `./filename' is an executable. */ if (pathdata(item)->check_dot) { if (dotted_filename) free (dotted_filename); dotted_filename = (char *)xmalloc (3 + strlen (filename)); strcpy (dotted_filename, "./"); strcat (dotted_filename, filename); if (executable_file (dotted_filename)) return (dotted_filename); /* Watch out. If this file was hashed to "./filename", and "./filename" is not executable, then return NULL. */ /* Since we already know "./filename" is not executable, what we're really interested in is whether or not the `path' portion of the hashed filename is equivalent to the current directory, but only if it starts with a `.'. (This catches ./. and so on.) same_file () is in execute_cmd.c; it tests general Unix file equivalence -- same device and inode. */ { char *path = pathdata (item)->path; if (*path == '.') { int same = 0; char *tail; tail = (char *) strrchr (path, '/'); if (tail) { *tail = '\0'; same = same_file (".", path, (struct stat *)NULL, (struct stat *)NULL); *tail = '/'; } if (same) return ((char *)NULL); } } } return (pathdata (item)->path); } else return ((char *)NULL); } /* Remove FILENAME from the table of hashed commands. */ void remove_hashed_filename (filename) char *filename; { register BUCKET_CONTENTS *item; if (hashing_disabled) return; item = remove_hash_item (filename, hashed_filenames); if (item) { if (item->data) { free (pathdata(item)->path); free (item->data); } if (item->key) free (item->key); free (item); } } /* **************************************************************** */ /* */ /* Pushing and Popping a Context */ /* */ /* **************************************************************** */ static WORD_LIST **dollar_arg_stack = (WORD_LIST **)NULL; static int dollar_arg_stack_slots = 0; static int dollar_arg_stack_index = 0; void push_context () { push_dollar_vars (); variable_context++; } void pop_context () { pop_dollar_vars (); kill_all_local_variables (); variable_context--; } /* Save the existing positional parameters on a stack. */ void push_dollar_vars () { if (dollar_arg_stack_index + 2 > dollar_arg_stack_slots) { dollar_arg_stack = (WORD_LIST **) xrealloc (dollar_arg_stack, (dollar_arg_stack_slots += 10) * sizeof (WORD_LIST **)); } dollar_arg_stack[dollar_arg_stack_index] = list_rest_of_args (); dollar_arg_stack[++dollar_arg_stack_index] = (WORD_LIST *)NULL; } /* Restore the positional parameters from our stack. */ void pop_dollar_vars () { if (!dollar_arg_stack || !dollar_arg_stack_index) return; remember_args (dollar_arg_stack[--dollar_arg_stack_index], 1); dispose_words (dollar_arg_stack[dollar_arg_stack_index]); dollar_arg_stack[dollar_arg_stack_index] = (WORD_LIST *)NULL; } void dispose_saved_dollar_vars () { if (!dollar_arg_stack || !dollar_arg_stack_index) return; dispose_words (dollar_arg_stack[dollar_arg_stack_index]); dollar_arg_stack[dollar_arg_stack_index] = (WORD_LIST *)NULL; } static int changed_dollar_vars = 0; /* Have the dollar variables been reset to new values since we last checked? */ dollar_vars_changed () { return (changed_dollar_vars); } void set_dollar_vars_unchanged () { changed_dollar_vars = 0; } void set_dollar_vars_changed () { changed_dollar_vars = 1; } /* Function called when one of the builtin commands detects a bad option. */ void bad_option (s) char *s; { builtin_error ("unknown option: %s", s); } /* Return a consed string which is the current working directory. FOR_WHOM is the name of the caller for error printing. */ char *the_current_working_directory = (char *)NULL; char * get_working_directory (for_whom) char *for_whom; { if (no_symbolic_links) { if (the_current_working_directory) free (the_current_working_directory); the_current_working_directory = (char *)NULL; } if (!the_current_working_directory) { char *directory; the_current_working_directory = xmalloc (MAXPATHLEN); directory = getwd (the_current_working_directory); if (!directory) { if (for_whom && *for_whom) fprintf (stderr, "%s: ", for_whom); else fprintf (stderr, "%s: ", get_name_for_error ()); fprintf (stderr, "could not get current directory: %s\n", the_current_working_directory); free (the_current_working_directory); the_current_working_directory = (char *)NULL; return (char *)NULL; } } return (savestring (the_current_working_directory)); } /* Make NAME our internal idea of the current working directory. */ void set_working_directory (name) char *name; { if (the_current_working_directory) free (the_current_working_directory); the_current_working_directory = savestring (name); } #if defined (JOB_CONTROL) /* Return the job spec found in LIST. */ get_job_spec (list) WORD_LIST *list; { register char *word; int job = NO_JOB; int substring = 0; if (!list) return (current_job); word = list->word->word; if (!*word) return (current_job); if (*word == '%') word++; if (digit (*word) && (sscanf (word, "%d", &job) == 1)) return (job - 1); switch (*word) { case 0: case '%': case '+': return (current_job); case '-': return (previous_job); case '?': /* Substring search requested. */ substring++; word++; goto find_string; default: find_string: { register int i, wl = strlen (word); for (i = 0; i < job_slots; i++) { if (jobs[i]) { register PROCESS *p = jobs[i]->pipe; do { if ((substring && strindex (p->command, word)) || (strncmp (p->command, word, wl) == 0)) if (job != NO_JOB) { builtin_error ("ambigious job spec: %s", word); return (DUP_JOB); } else job = i; p = p->next; } while (p != jobs[i]->pipe); } } return (job); } } } #endif /* JOB_CONTROL */ int parse_and_execute_level = 0; /* How to force parse_and_execute () to clean up after itself. */ void parse_and_execute_cleanup () { run_unwind_frame ("parse_and_execute_top"); } /* Parse and execute the commands in STRING. Returns whatever execute_command () returns. This frees STRING. INTERACT is the new value for `interactive' while the commands are being executed. A value of -1 means don't change it. */ int parse_and_execute (string, from_file, interact) char *string; char *from_file; int interact; { int last_result = EXECUTION_SUCCESS; int code = 0, jump_to_top_level = 0; char *orig_string = string; /* Unwind protect this invocation of parse_and_execute (). */ begin_unwind_frame ("parse_and_execute_top"); unwind_protect_int (parse_and_execute_level); unwind_protect_jmp_buf (top_level); unwind_protect_int (indirection_level); if (interact != -1 && interactive != interact) unwind_protect_int (interactive); #if defined (HISTORY) if (interactive_shell) { unwind_protect_int (remember_on_history); # if defined (BANG_HISTORY) unwind_protect_int (history_expansion_inhibited); # endif /* BANG_HISTORY */ } #endif /* HISTORY */ add_unwind_protect (pop_stream, (char *)NULL); if (orig_string) add_unwind_protect (xfree, orig_string); end_unwind_frame (); parse_and_execute_level++; push_stream (); indirection_level++; if (interact != -1) interactive = interact; #if defined (HISTORY) /* We don't remember text read by the shell this way on the history list, and we don't use !$ in shell scripts. */ remember_on_history = 0; # if defined (BANG_HISTORY) history_expansion_inhibited = 1; # endif /* BANG_HISTORY */ #endif /* HISTORY */ with_input_from_string (string, from_file); { COMMAND *command; while (*(bash_input.location.string)) { if (interrupt_state) { last_result = EXECUTION_FAILURE; break; } /* Provide a location for functions which `longjmp (top_level)' to jump to. This prevents errors in substitution from restarting the reader loop directly, for example. */ code = setjmp (top_level); if (code) { jump_to_top_level = 0; switch (code) { case FORCE_EOF: case EXITPROG: run_unwind_frame ("pe_dispose"); /* Remember to call longjmp (top_level) after the old value for it is restored. */ jump_to_top_level = 1; goto out; case DISCARD: dispose_command (command); run_unwind_frame ("pe_dispose"); last_command_exit_value = 1; continue; default: programming_error ("bad jump to top_level: %d", code); break; } } if (parse_command () == 0) { if ((command = global_command) != (COMMAND *)NULL) { struct fd_bitmap *bitmap; bitmap = new_fd_bitmap (FD_BITMAP_SIZE); begin_unwind_frame ("pe_dispose"); add_unwind_protect (dispose_fd_bitmap, bitmap); global_command = (COMMAND *)NULL; #if defined (ONESHOT) if (startup_state == 2 && *bash_input.location.string == '\0' && command->type == cm_simple && !command->redirects && !command->value.Simple->redirects) { command->flags |= CMD_NO_FORK; command->value.Simple->flags |= CMD_NO_FORK; } #endif /* ONESHOT */ last_result = execute_command_internal (command, 0, NO_PIPE, NO_PIPE, bitmap); dispose_command (command); run_unwind_frame ("pe_dispose"); } } else { last_result = EXECUTION_FAILURE; /* Since we are shell compatible, syntax errors in a script abort the execution of the script. Right? */ break; } } } out: run_unwind_frame ("parse_and_execute_top"); if (interrupt_state && parse_and_execute_level == 0) { /* An interrupt during non-interactive execution in an interactive shell (e.g. via $PROMPT_COMMAND) should not cause the shell to exit. */ interactive = interactive_shell; throw_to_top_level (); } if (jump_to_top_level) longjmp (top_level, code); return (last_result); } /* Return the address of the builtin named NAME. DISABLED_OKAY means find it even if the builtin is disabled. */ static Function * builtin_address_internal (name, disabled_okay) char *name; int disabled_okay; { int hi, lo, mid, j; hi = num_shell_builtins - 1; lo = 0; while (lo <= hi) { mid = (lo + hi) / 2; j = shell_builtins[mid].name[0] - name[0]; if (j == 0) j = strcmp (shell_builtins[mid].name, name); if (j == 0) { /* It must have a function pointer. It must be enabled, or we must have explicitly allowed disabled functions to be found. */ if (shell_builtins[mid].function && ((shell_builtins[mid].flags & BUILTIN_ENABLED) || disabled_okay)) return (shell_builtins[mid].function); else return ((Function *)NULL); } if (j > 0) hi = mid - 1; else lo = mid + 1; } return ((Function *)NULL); } /* Perform a binary search and return the address of the builtin function whose name is NAME. If the function couldn't be found, or the builtin is disabled or has no function associated with it, return NULL. */ Function * find_shell_builtin (name) char *name; { return (builtin_address_internal (name, 0)); } /* Return the address of builtin with NAME, irregardless of its state of enableness. */ Function * builtin_address (name) char *name; { return (builtin_address_internal (name, 1)); } static int shell_builtin_compare (sbp1, sbp2) struct builtin *sbp1, *sbp2; { int result; if ((result = sbp1->name[0] - sbp2->name[0]) == 0) result = strcmp (sbp1->name, sbp2->name); return (result); } /* Sort the table of shell builtins so that the binary search will work in find_shell_builtin. */ void initialize_shell_builtins () { qsort (shell_builtins, num_shell_builtins, sizeof (struct builtin), shell_builtin_compare); } /* Return a new string which is the quoted version of STRING. This is used by alias and trap. */ char * single_quote (string) char *string; { register int i, j, c; char *result; result = (char *)xmalloc (3 + (3 * strlen (string))); result[0] = '\''; for (i = 0, j = 1; string && (c = string[i]); i++) { result[j++] = c; if (c == '\'') { result[j++] = '\\'; /* insert escaped single quote */ result[j++] = '\''; result[j++] = '\''; /* start new quoted string */ } } result[j++] = '\''; result[j] = '\0'; return (result); } char * double_quote (string) char *string; { register int i, j, c; char *result; result = (char *)xmalloc (3 + (3 * strlen (string))); result[0] = '"'; for (i = 0, j = 1; string && (c = string[i]); i++) { switch (c) { case '"': case '$': case '`': case '\n': case '\\': result[j++] = '\\'; default: result[j++] = c; break; } } result[j++] = '"'; result[j] = '\0'; return (result); } bash-1.14.3/builtins/declare.def 664 436 0 14633 5572713435 14625 0ustar chetwheelThis file is declare.def, from which is created declare.c. It implements the builtins "declare" and "local" in Bash. Copyright (C) 1987, 1989, 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc. This file is part of GNU Bash, the Bourne Again SHell. Bash is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 1, or (at your option) any later version. Bash is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details. You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with Bash; see the file COPYING. If not, write to the Free Software Foundation, 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. $PRODUCES declare.c $BUILTIN declare $FUNCTION declare_builtin $SHORT_DOC declare [-[frxi]] name[=value] ... Declare variables and/or give them attributes. If no NAMEs are given, then display the values of variables instead. The flags are: -f to select from among function names only, -r to make NAMEs readonly, -x to make NAMEs export, -i to make NAMEs have the `integer' attribute set. Variables with the integer attribute have arithmetic evaluation (see `let') done when the variable is assigned to. Using `+' instead of `-' turns off the given attribute instead. When used in a function, makes NAMEs local, as with the `local' command. $END $BUILTIN typeset $FUNCTION declare_builtin $SHORT_DOC typeset [-[frxi]] name[=value] ... Obsolete. See `declare'. $END #include #if defined (HAVE_STRING_H) # include #else /* !HAVE_STRING_H */ # include #endif /* !HAVE_STRING_H */ #include "../shell.h" extern int variable_context, array_needs_making; static int declare_internal (); /* Declare or change variable attributes. */ int declare_builtin (list) register WORD_LIST *list; { return (declare_internal (list, 0)); } $BUILTIN local $FUNCTION local_builtin $SHORT_DOC local name[=value] ... Create a local variable called NAME, and give it VALUE. LOCAL can only be used within a function; it makes the variable NAME have a visible scope restricted to that function and its children. $END int local_builtin (list) register WORD_LIST *list; { if (variable_context) return (declare_internal (list, 1)); else { builtin_error ("Can only be used in a function"); return (EXECUTION_FAILURE); } } /* The workhorse function. */ static int declare_internal (list, local_var) register WORD_LIST *list; int local_var; { int flags_on = 0, flags_off = 0; int any_failed = 0; while (list) { register char *t = list->word->word; int *flags; if (t[0] == '-' && t[1] == '-' && t[2] == '\0') { list = list->next; break; } if (*t != '+' && *t != '-') break; if (*t == '+') flags = &flags_off; else flags = &flags_on; t++; while (*t) { if (*t == 'f') *flags |= att_function, t++; else if (*t == 'x') *flags |= att_exported, t++, array_needs_making = 1; else if (*t == 'r') *flags |= att_readonly, t++; else if (*t == 'i') *flags |= att_integer, t++; else { builtin_error ("unknown option: `-%c'", *t); return (EX_USAGE); } } list = list->next; } /* If there are no more arguments left, then we just want to show some variables. */ if (!list) { /* Show local variables defined at this context level if this is the `local' builtin. */ if (local_var) { register SHELL_VAR **vlist; register int i; vlist = map_over (variable_in_context, shell_variables); if (vlist) { for (i = 0; vlist[i]; i++) print_assignment (vlist[i]); free (vlist); } } else { if (!flags_on) set_builtin ((WORD_LIST *)NULL); else set_or_show_attributes ((WORD_LIST *)NULL, flags_on); } fflush (stdout); return (EXECUTION_SUCCESS); } #define NEXT_VARIABLE() free (name); list = list->next; continue /* There are arguments left, so we are making variables. */ while (list) { char *value, *name = savestring (list->word->word); int offset = assignment (name); if (offset) { name[offset] = '\0'; value = name + offset + 1; } else value = ""; if (legal_identifier (name) == 0) { builtin_error ("%s: not a legal variable name", name); any_failed++; NEXT_VARIABLE (); } /* If VARIABLE_CONTEXT has a non-zero value, then we are executing inside of a function. This means we should make local variables, not global ones. */ if (variable_context) make_local_variable (name); /* If we are declaring a function, then complain about it in some way. We don't let people make functions by saying `typeset -f foo=bar'. */ /* There should be a way, however, to let people look at a particular function definition by saying `typeset -f foo'. */ if (flags_on & att_function) { if (offset) { builtin_error ("Can't use `-f' to make functions"); return (EXECUTION_FAILURE); } else { SHELL_VAR *find_function (), *funvar; funvar = find_function (name); if (funvar) { char *result = named_function_string (name, (COMMAND *)function_cell (funvar), 1); printf ("%s\n", result); } else any_failed++; NEXT_VARIABLE (); } } else { SHELL_VAR *var; var = find_variable (name); if (!var) var = bind_variable (name, ""); /* We are not allowed to rebind readonly variables that already are readonly unless we are turning off the readonly bit. */ if (flags_off & att_readonly) flags_on &= ~att_readonly; if (value && readonly_p (var) && (!(flags_off & att_readonly))) { builtin_error ("%s: readonly variable", name); any_failed++; NEXT_VARIABLE (); } var->attributes |= flags_on; var->attributes &= ~flags_off; if (offset) { free (var->value); if (integer_p (var)) { long val, evalexp (); char *itos (); val = evalexp (value); var->value = itos ((int)val); } else var->value = savestring (value); } } stupidly_hack_special_variables (name); NEXT_VARIABLE (); } return (any_failed ? EXECUTION_FAILURE : EXECUTION_SUCCESS); } bash-1.14.3/builtins/echo.def 664 436 0 10161 5553052114 14121 0ustar chetwheelThis file is echo.def, from which is created echo.c. It implements the builtin "echo" in Bash. Copyright (C) 1987, 1989, 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc. This file is part of GNU Bash, the Bourne Again SHell. Bash is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 1, or (at your option) any later version. Bash is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details. You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with Bash; see the file COPYING. If not, write to the Free Software Foundation, 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. $PRODUCES echo.c #include #include "../shell.h" $BUILTIN echo $FUNCTION echo_builtin $DEPENDS_ON V9_ECHO $SHORT_DOC echo [-neE] [arg ...] Output the ARGs. If -n is specified, the trailing newline is suppressed. If the -e option is given, interpretation of the following backslash-escaped characters is turned on: \a alert (bell) \b backspace \c suppress trailing newline \f form feed \n new line \r carriage return \t horizontal tab \v vertical tab \\ backslash \num the character whose ASCII code is NUM (octal). You can explicitly turn off the interpretation of the above characters with the -E option. $END $BUILTIN echo $FUNCTION echo_builtin $DEPENDS_ON !V9_ECHO $SHORT_DOC echo [-n] [arg ...] Output the ARGs. If -n is specified, the trailing newline is suppressed. $END #if defined (V9_ECHO) # define VALID_ECHO_OPTIONS "neE" #else /* !V9_ECHO */ # define VALID_ECHO_OPTIONS "n" #endif /* !V9_ECHO */ /* Print the words in LIST to standard output. If the first word is `-n', then don't print a trailing newline. We also support the echo syntax from Version 9 unix systems. */ echo_builtin (list) WORD_LIST *list; { int display_return = 1, do_v9 = 0; #if defined (DEFAULT_ECHO_TO_USG) /* System V machines already have a /bin/sh with a v9 behaviour. We give Bash the identical behaviour for these machines so that the existing system shells won't barf. */ do_v9 = 1; #endif /* DEFAULT_ECHO_TO_USG */ while (list && list->word->word[0] == '-') { register char *temp; register int i; /* If it appears that we are handling options, then make sure that all of the options specified are actually valid. Otherwise, the string should just be echoed. */ temp = &(list->word->word[1]); for (i = 0; temp[i]; i++) { if (strchr (VALID_ECHO_OPTIONS, temp[i]) == 0) goto just_echo; } if (!*temp) goto just_echo; /* All of the options in TEMP are valid options to ECHO. Handle them. */ while (*temp) { if (*temp == 'n') display_return = 0; #if defined (V9_ECHO) else if (*temp == 'e') do_v9 = 1; else if (*temp == 'E') do_v9 = 0; #endif /* V9_ECHO */ else goto just_echo; temp++; } list = list->next; } just_echo: if (list) { #if defined (V9_ECHO) if (do_v9) { while (list) { register char *s = list->word->word; register int c; while (c = *s++) { if (c == '\\' && *s) { switch (c = *s++) { case 'a': c = '\007'; break; case 'b': c = '\b'; break; case 'c': display_return = 0; continue; case 'f': c = '\f'; break; case 'n': c = '\n'; break; case 'r': c = '\r'; break; case 't': c = '\t'; break; case 'v': c = (int) 0x0B; break; case '0': case '1': case '2': case '3': case '4': case '5': case '6': case '7': c -= '0'; if (*s >= '0' && *s <= '7') c = c * 8 + (*s++ - '0'); if (*s >= '0' && *s <= '7') c = c * 8 + (*s++ - '0'); break; case '\\': break; default: putchar ('\\'); break; } } putchar(c); } list = list->next; if (list) putchar(' '); } } else #endif /* V9_ECHO */ print_word_list (list, " "); } if (display_return) printf ("\n"); fflush (stdout); return (EXECUTION_SUCCESS); } bash-1.14.3/builtins/enable.def 644 436 0 7306 5571401330 14414 0ustar chetwheelThis file is enable.def, from which is created enable.c. It implements the builtin "enable" in Bash. Copyright (C) 1987, 1989, 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc. This file is part of GNU Bash, the Bourne Again SHell. Bash is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 1, or (at your option) any later version. Bash is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details. You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with Bash; see the file COPYING. If not, write to the Free Software Foundation, 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. $PRODUCES enable.c $BUILTIN enable $FUNCTION enable_builtin $SHORT_DOC enable [-n] [name ...] Enable and disable builtin shell commands. This allows you to use a disk command which has the same name as a shell builtin. If -n is used, the NAMEs become disabled. Otherwise NAMEs are enabled. For example, to use the `test' found on your path instead of the shell builtin version, you type `enable -n test'. $END #include "../shell.h" #include "../builtins.h" #include "common.h" #define ENABLED 1 #define DISABLED 2 static int enable_shell_command (); static void list_some_builtins (); /* Enable/disable shell commands present in LIST. If list is not specified, then print out a list of shell commands showing which are enabled and which are disabled. */ enable_builtin (list) WORD_LIST *list; { int result = 0, any_failed = 0; int disable_p, all_p; disable_p = all_p = 0; while (list && list->word->word && list->word->word[0] == '-') { char *arg = list->word->word; list = list->next; if (ISOPTION (arg, 'n')) disable_p = 1; else if (arg[1] == 'a' && (arg[2] == 0 || strcmp (arg + 2, "ll") == 0)) all_p = 1; else if (ISOPTION (arg, '-')) break; else { bad_option (arg); return (EXECUTION_FAILURE); } } if (!list) { int filter; if (all_p) filter = ENABLED | DISABLED; else if (disable_p) filter = DISABLED; else filter = ENABLED; list_some_builtins (filter); } else { while (list) { result = enable_shell_command (list->word->word, disable_p); if (!result) { builtin_error ("%s: not a shell builtin", list->word->word); any_failed++; } list = list->next; } } return (any_failed ? EXECUTION_FAILURE : EXECUTION_SUCCESS); } /* List some builtins. FILTER is a mask with two slots: ENABLED and DISABLED. */ static void list_some_builtins (filter) int filter; { register int i; for (i = 0; i < num_shell_builtins; i++) { if (!shell_builtins[i].function) continue; if ((filter & ENABLED) && (shell_builtins[i].flags & BUILTIN_ENABLED)) { printf ("enable %s\n", shell_builtins[i].name); } else if ((filter & DISABLED) && ((shell_builtins[i].flags & BUILTIN_ENABLED) == 0)) { printf ("enable -n %s\n", shell_builtins[i].name); } } } /* Enable the shell command NAME. If DISABLE_P is non-zero, then disable NAME instead. */ static int enable_shell_command (name, disable_p) char *name; int disable_p; { register int i; int found = 0; for (i = 0; i < num_shell_builtins; i++) { if (!shell_builtins[i].function) continue; if (STREQ (name, shell_builtins[i].name)) { found++; if (disable_p) shell_builtins[i].flags &= ~BUILTIN_ENABLED; else shell_builtins[i].flags |= BUILTIN_ENABLED; } } return (found); } bash-1.14.3/builtins/eval.def 664 436 0 2545 5603421660 14123 0ustar chetwheelThis file is eval.def, from which is created eval.c. It implements the builtin "eval" in Bash. Copyright (C) 1987, 1989, 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc. This file is part of GNU Bash, the Bourne Again SHell. Bash is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 1, or (at your option) any later version. Bash is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details. You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with Bash; see the file COPYING. If not, write to the Free Software Foundation, 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. $PRODUCES eval.c $BUILTIN eval $FUNCTION eval_builtin $SHORT_DOC eval [arg ...] Read ARGs as input to the shell and execute the resulting command(s). $END #include "../shell.h" /* Parse the string that these words make, and execute the command found. */ int eval_builtin (list) WORD_LIST *list; { int result; /* Note that parse_and_execute () frees the string it is passed. */ if (list) result = parse_and_execute (string_list (list), "eval", -1); else result = EXECUTION_SUCCESS; return (result); } bash-1.14.3/builtins/exec.def 664 436 0 10463 5671075030 14137 0ustar chetwheelThis file is exec.def, from which is created exec.c. It implements the builtin "exec" in Bash. Copyright (C) 1987, 1989, 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc. This file is part of GNU Bash, the Bourne Again SHell. Bash is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 1, or (at your option) any later version. Bash is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details. You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with Bash; see the file COPYING. If not, write to the Free Software Foundation, 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. $PRODUCES exec.c $BUILTIN exec $FUNCTION exec_builtin $SHORT_DOC exec [ [-] file [redirection ...]] Exec FILE, replacing this shell with the specified program. If FILE is not specified, the redirections take effect in this shell. If the first argument is `-', then place a dash in the zeroth arg passed to FILE. If the file cannot be exec'ed and the shell is not interactive, then the shell exits, unless the shell variable "no_exit_on_failed_exec" exists. $END #include "../shell.h" #include #include "../posixstat.h" #include #include #include "../execute_cmd.h" #include "common.h" #include "../flags.h" /* Not all systems declare ERRNO in errno.h... and some systems #define it! */ #if !defined (errno) extern int errno; #endif /* !errno */ extern int interactive, subshell_environment; extern REDIRECT *redirection_undo_list; int exec_builtin (list) WORD_LIST *list; { int exit_value = EXECUTION_FAILURE; maybe_make_export_env (); /* First, let the redirections remain. */ dispose_redirects (redirection_undo_list); redirection_undo_list = (REDIRECT *)NULL; if (!list) return (EXECUTION_SUCCESS); else { /* Otherwise, execve the new command with args. */ char *command, **args; int dash_name = 0; if (list->word->word[0] == '-' && !list->word->word[1]) { /* The user would like to exec this command as if it was a login command. Do so. */ list = list->next; dash_name++; } if (!list) return (EXECUTION_SUCCESS); #if defined (RESTRICTED_SHELL) if (restricted) { builtin_error ("restricted"); return (EXECUTION_FAILURE); } #endif /* RESTRICTED_SHELL */ args = make_word_array (list); /* A command with a slash anywhere in its name is not looked up in the search path. */ if (absolute_program (args[0])) command = args[0]; else command = find_user_command (args[0]); if (!command) { builtin_error ("%s: not found", args[0]); exit_value = EX_NOTFOUND; /* As per Posix.2, 3.14.6 */ goto failed_exec; } command = full_pathname (command); /* If the user wants this to look like a login shell, then prepend a `-' onto the first argument (argv[0]). */ if (dash_name) { char *new_name = xmalloc (2 + strlen (args[0])); new_name[0] = '-'; strcpy (new_name + 1, args[0]); free (args[0]); args[0] = new_name; } /* Decrement SHLVL by 1 so a new shell started here has the same value, preserving the appearance. After we do that, we need to change the exported environment to include the new value. */ adjust_shell_level (-1); maybe_make_export_env (); #if defined (HISTORY) maybe_save_shell_history (); #endif /* HISTORY */ restore_original_signals (); #if defined (JOB_CONTROL) if (subshell_environment == 0) end_job_control (); #endif /* JOB_CONTROL */ shell_execve (command, args, export_env); adjust_shell_level (1); if (!executable_file (command)) { builtin_error ("%s: cannot execute: %s", command, strerror (errno)); exit_value = EX_NOEXEC; /* As per Posix.2, 3.14.6 */ } else file_error (command); failed_exec: if (command) free (command); if (subshell_environment || (!interactive && !find_variable ("no_exit_on_failed_exec"))) exit (exit_value); initialize_traps (); reinitialize_signals (); #if defined (JOB_CONTROL) restart_job_control (); #endif /* JOB_CONTROL */ return (exit_value); } } bash-1.14.3/builtins/exit.def 664 436 0 6540 5670714115 14150 0ustar chetwheelThis file is exit.def, from which is created exit.c. It implements the builtins "exit" and "logout" in Bash. Copyright (C) 1987, 1989, 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc. This file is part of GNU Bash, the Bourne Again SHell. Bash is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 1, or (at your option) any later version. Bash is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details. You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with Bash; see the file COPYING. If not, write to the Free Software Foundation, 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. $PRODUCES exit.c $BUILTIN exit $FUNCTION exit_builtin $SHORT_DOC exit [n] Exit the shell with a status of N. If N is omitted, the exit status is that of the last command executed. $END #include #include #include "../shell.h" #include "../jobs.h" #include "builtext.h" /* for jobs_builtin */ extern int interactive, login_shell; extern int last_command_exit_value; static int exit_or_logout (); static int sourced_logout = 0; int exit_builtin (list) WORD_LIST *list; { if (interactive) { fprintf (stderr, login_shell ? "logout\n" : "exit\n"); fflush (stderr); } return (exit_or_logout (list)); } $BUILTIN logout $FUNCTION logout_builtin $SHORT_DOC logout Logout of a login shell. $END /* How to logout. */ int logout_builtin (list) WORD_LIST *list; { if (!login_shell && interactive) { builtin_error ("Not login shell: use `exit'"); return (EXECUTION_FAILURE); } else return (exit_or_logout (list)); } /* Clean up work for exiting or logging out. */ Function *last_shell_builtin = (Function *)NULL; Function *this_shell_builtin = (Function *)NULL; static int exit_or_logout (list) WORD_LIST *list; { int exit_value; #if defined (JOB_CONTROL) int exit_immediate_okay; exit_immediate_okay = (!interactive || last_shell_builtin == exit_builtin || last_shell_builtin == logout_builtin || last_shell_builtin == jobs_builtin); /* Check for stopped jobs if the user wants to. */ if (!exit_immediate_okay) { register int i; for (i = 0; i < job_slots; i++) if (jobs[i] && (jobs[i]->state == JSTOPPED)) { fprintf (stderr, "There are stopped jobs.\n"); /* This is NOT superfluous because EOF can get here without going through the command parser. Set both last and this so that either `exit', `logout', or ^D will work to exit immediately if nothing intervenes. */ this_shell_builtin = last_shell_builtin = exit_builtin; return (EXECUTION_FAILURE); } } #endif /* JOB_CONTROL */ /* Get return value if present. This means that you can type `logout 5' to a shell, and it returns 5. */ if (list) exit_value = get_numeric_arg (list); else exit_value = last_command_exit_value; /* Run our `~/.bash_logout' file if it exists, and this is a login shell. */ if (login_shell && sourced_logout++ == 0) maybe_execute_file ("~/.bash_logout", 1); last_command_exit_value = exit_value; /* Exit the program. */ longjmp (top_level, EXITPROG); } bash-1.14.3/builtins/fc.def 664 436 0 37552 5603421721 13610 0ustar chetwheelThis file is fc.def, from which is created fc.c. It implements the builtin "fc" in Bash. Copyright (C) 1987, 1989, 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc. This file is part of GNU Bash, the Bourne Again SHell. Bash is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 1, or (at your option) any later version. Bash is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details. You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with Bash; see the file COPYING. If not, write to the Free Software Foundation, 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. $PRODUCES fc.c $BUILTIN fc $FUNCTION fc_builtin $DEPENDS_ON HISTORY $SHORT_DOC fc [-e ename] [-nlr] [first] [last] or fc -s [pat=rep] [cmd] FIRST and LAST can be numbers specifying the range, or FIRST can be a string, which means the most recent command beginning with that string. -e ENAME selects which editor to use. Default is FCEDIT, then EDITOR, then the editor which corresponds to the current readline editing mode, then vi. -l means list lines instead of editing. -n means no line numbers listed. -r means reverse the order of the lines (making it newest listed first). With the `fc -s [pat=rep ...] [command]' format, the command is re-executed after the substitution OLD=NEW is performed. A useful alias to use with this is r='fc -s', so that typing `r cc' runs the last command beginning with `cc' and typing `r' re-executes the last command. $END #include #include "../bashansi.h" #include "../shell.h" #if defined (HISTORY) #include #include #include #include #include #include "../builtins.h" #include "../flags.h" #include "../maxpath.h" #include "../bashhist.h" #include #include "bashgetopt.h" /* Not all systems declare ERRNO in errno.h... and some systems #define it! */ #if !defined (errno) extern int errno; #endif /* !errno */ extern int echo_input_at_read; extern int unlink (); /* **************************************************************** */ /* */ /* The K*rn shell style fc command (Fix Command) */ /* */ /* **************************************************************** */ /* fc builtin command (fix command) for Bash for those who like K*rn-style history better than csh-style. fc [-e ename] [-nlr] [first] [last] FIRST and LAST can be numbers specifying the range, or FIRST can be a string, which means the most recent command beginning with that string. -e ENAME selects which editor to use. Default is FCEDIT, then EDITOR, then the editor which corresponds to the current readline editing mode, then vi. -l means list lines instead of editing. -n means no line numbers listed. -r means reverse the order of the lines (making it newest listed first). fc -e - [pat=rep ...] [command] fc -s [pat=rep ...] [command] Equivalent to !command:sg/pat/rep execpt there can be multiple PAT=REP's. */ static char *fc_dosubs (), *fc_replace (), *fc_gethist (), *fc_readline (); static int fc_gethnum (); static void fc_replhist (), fc_addhist (); /* Data structure describing a list of global replacements to perform. */ typedef struct repl { struct repl *next; char *pat; char *rep; } REPL; #define USAGE "usage: fc [-e ename] [-nlr] [first] [last] or fc -s [pat=rep] [command]" /* Accessors for HIST_ENTRY lists that are called HLIST. */ #define histline(i) (hlist[(i)]->line) #define histdata(i) (hlist[(i)]->data) #define FREE_RLIST() \ do { \ for (rl = rlist; rl; ) { \ REPL *r; \ r = rl->next; \ if (rl->pat) \ free (rl->pat); \ if (rl->rep) \ free (rl->rep); \ free (rl); \ rl = r; \ } \ } while (0) /* String to execute on a file that we want to edit. */ #define FC_EDIT_COMMAND "${FCEDIT:-${EDITOR:-vi}}" int fc_builtin (list) WORD_LIST *list; { register int i; register char *sep; int numbering, reverse, listing, execute; int histbeg, histend, last_hist, retval, first, opt; FILE *stream; REPL *rlist = (REPL *) NULL, *rl; char *ename = NULL, *command, *newcom, *line; HIST_ENTRY **hlist; char fn[MAXPATHLEN]; numbering = 1; reverse = listing = execute = 0; /* Parse out the options and set which of the two forms we're in. */ while (list && *list->word->word == '-') { register char *s = &((list->word->word)[1]); if (!isletter (*s)) break; while (opt = *s++) { switch (opt) { case 'n': numbering = 0; break; case 'l': listing = 1; break; case 'r': reverse = 1; break; case 's': execute = 1; break; case 'e': list = list->next; if (list == NULL) { builtin_error (USAGE); return (EX_USAGE); } ename = list->word->word; break; default: builtin_error (USAGE); return (EX_USAGE); } } list = list->next; } if (ename && (*ename == '-') && (ename[1] == '\0')) execute = 1; /* The "execute" form of the command (re-run, with possible string substitutions). */ if (execute) { while (list && ((sep = (char *)strchr (list->word->word, '=')) != NULL)) { *sep++ = '\0'; rl = (REPL *)xmalloc (sizeof (REPL)); rl->next = (REPL *)NULL; rl->pat = savestring (list->word->word); rl->rep = savestring (sep); if (rlist == NULL) rlist = rl; else { rl->next = rlist; rlist = rl; } list = list->next; } /* If we have a list of substitutions to do, then reverse it to get the replacements in the proper order. */ if (rlist && rlist->next) rlist = (REPL *) reverse_list ((GENERIC_LIST *) rlist); hlist = history_list (); /* If we still have something in list, it is a command spec. Otherwise, we use the most recent command in time. */ if (list) command = fc_gethist (list->word->word, hlist); else command = fc_gethist ((char *) NULL, hlist); if (command == NULL) { builtin_error ("no command found"); if (rlist) FREE_RLIST (); return (EXECUTION_FAILURE); } if (rlist) { newcom = fc_dosubs (command, rlist); free (command); FREE_RLIST (); command = newcom; } printf ("%s\n", command); fc_replhist (command); /* replace `fc -e -' with command */ return (parse_and_execute (command, "fc", -1)); } /* This is the second form of the command (the list-or-edit-and-rerun form). */ hlist = history_list (); for (i = 0; hlist[i]; i++); /* With the Bash implementation of history, the current command line ("fc blah..." and so on) is already part of the history list by the time we get to this point. This just skips over that command and makes the last command that this deals with be the last command the user entered before the fc. */ last_hist = i - 2; if (list) { histbeg = fc_gethnum (list->word->word, hlist); list = list->next; if (list) histend = fc_gethnum (list->word->word, hlist); else { if (listing) histend = last_hist; else histend = histbeg; } } else { /* The default for listing is the last 16 history items. */ if (listing) { histend = last_hist; histbeg = histend - 16; } else { /* For editing, it is the last history command. */ histbeg = histend = last_hist; } } /* We print error messages for line specifications out of range. */ if ((histbeg < 0) || (histend < 0) || (histbeg > last_hist) || (histend > last_hist)) { builtin_error ("history specification out of range"); return (EXECUTION_FAILURE); } if (histend < histbeg) { int t = histend; histend = histbeg; histbeg = t; reverse = 1; } if (listing) stream = stdout; else { numbering = 0; sprintf (fn, "/tmp/bash%d", (int)time ((long *) 0) + (int)getpid ()); stream = fopen (fn, "w"); if (!stream) { builtin_error ("cannot open temp file %s", fn); return (EXECUTION_FAILURE); } } if (!reverse) { for (i = histbeg; i <= histend; i++) { QUIT; if (numbering) fprintf (stream, "%d", i + history_base); if (listing) fprintf (stream, "\t%c", histdata (i) ? '*' : ' '); fprintf (stream, "%s\n", histline (i)); } } else { for (i = histend; i >= histbeg; i--) { QUIT; if (numbering) fprintf (stream, "%d", i + history_base); if (listing) fprintf (stream, "\t%c", histdata (i) ? '*' : ' '); fprintf (stream, "%s\n", histline (i)); } } if (listing) return (EXECUTION_SUCCESS); fclose (stream); /* Now edit the file of commands. */ if (ename) { command = (char *)xmalloc (strlen (ename) + strlen (fn) + 2); sprintf (command, "%s %s", ename, fn); } else { command = (char *)xmalloc (3 + strlen (FC_EDIT_COMMAND) + strlen (fn)); sprintf (command, "%s %s", FC_EDIT_COMMAND, fn); } parse_and_execute (command, "fc", -1); /* Now reopen the file and execute the edited commands. */ stream = fopen (fn, "r"); if (stream == NULL) { builtin_error ("cannot reopen temp file %s", fn); unlink (fn); return (EXECUTION_FAILURE); } retval = EXECUTION_SUCCESS; first = 1; /* First, write the commands to the history file. This will not happen when we call parse_and_execute, since parse_and_execute disables the command line history while it executes. */ while ((line = fc_readline (stream)) != NULL) { if (line[0] == '\n') { free (line); continue; /* Skip blank lines. */ } if (first) { first = 0; fc_replhist (line); } else fc_addhist (line); free (line); } fclose (stream); /* Turn on the `v' flag while maybe_execute_file runs so the commands will be echoed as they are read by the parser. */ begin_unwind_frame ("fc builtin"); add_unwind_protect (unlink, fn); unwind_protect_int (echo_input_at_read); echo_input_at_read = 1; retval = maybe_execute_file (fn, 0); run_unwind_frame ("fc builtin"); return (retval); } /* Return an absolute index into HLIST which corresponds to COMMAND. If COMMAND is a number, then it was specified in relative terms. If it is a string, then it is the start of a command line present in HLIST. */ static int fc_gethnum (command, hlist) char *command; HIST_ENTRY **hlist; { int sign = 1, n, clen; register int i, j; register char *s; /* Count history elements. */ for (i = 0; hlist[i]; i++); /* With the Bash implementation of history, the current command line ("fc blah..." and so on) is already part of the history list by the time we get to this point. This just skips over that command and makes the last command that this deals with be the last command the user entered before the fc. */ i -= 2; /* No specification defaults to most recent command. */ if (command == NULL) return (i); /* Otherwise, there is a specification. It can be a number relative to the current position, or an absolute history number. */ s = command; /* Handle possible leading minus sign. */ if (s && (*s == '-')) { sign = -1; s++; } if (s && digit(*s)) { n = atoi (s); n *= sign; /* Anything specified greater than the last history element that we deal with is an error. */ if (n > i + history_base) return (-1); /* If the value is negative or zero, then it is an offset from the current history item. */ if (n < 0) return (i + n + 1); else if (n == 0) return (i); else return (n - history_base); } clen = strlen (command); for (j = i; j >= 0; j--) { if (STREQN (command, histline (j), clen)) return (j); } return (-1); } /* Locate the most recent history line which begins with COMMAND in HLIST, and return a malloc()'ed copy of it. */ static char * fc_gethist (command, hlist) char *command; HIST_ENTRY **hlist; { int i; if (!hlist) return ((char *)NULL); i = fc_gethnum (command, hlist); if (i >= 0) return (savestring (histline (i))); else return ((char *)NULL); } /* Read the edited history lines from STREAM and return them one at a time. This can read unlimited length lines. The caller should free the storage. */ static char * fc_readline (stream) FILE *stream; { register int c; int line_len = 0, lindex = 0; char *line = (char *)NULL; while ((c = getc (stream)) != EOF) { if ((lindex + 2) >= line_len) line = (char *) xrealloc (line, (line_len += 128)); if (c == '\n') { line[lindex++] = '\n'; line[lindex++] = '\0'; return (line); } else line[lindex++] = c; } if (!lindex) { if (line) free (line); return ((char *)NULL); } if (lindex + 2 >= line_len) line = (char *)xrealloc (line, lindex + 3); line[lindex++] = '\n'; /* Finish with newline if none in file */ line[lindex++] = '\0'; return (line); } /* Perform the SUBS on COMMAND. SUBS is a list of substitutions, and COMMAND is a simple string. Return a pointer to a malloc'ed string which contains the substituted command. */ static char * fc_dosubs (command, subs) char *command; REPL *subs; { register char *new = savestring (command); register REPL *r; for (r = subs; r; r = r->next) { register char *t; t = fc_replace (r->pat, r->rep, new); free (new); new = t; } return (new); } /* Replace the occurrences of PAT with REP in COMMAND. This returns a new string; the caller should free it. */ static char * fc_replace (pat, rep, command) char *pat, *rep, *command; { register int i; int patlen, replen, templen; char *new, *temp; patlen = strlen (pat); replen = strlen (rep); temp = savestring (command); templen = strlen (temp); i = 0; for (; (i + patlen) <= templen; i++) { if (STREQN (temp + i, pat, patlen)) { new = (char *) xmalloc (1 + (replen - patlen) + templen); strncpy (new, temp, i); strncpy (new + i, rep, replen); strncpy (new + i + replen, temp + i + patlen, templen - (i + patlen)); new[templen + (replen - patlen)] = '\0'; /* just in case */ free (temp); temp = new; i += replen; templen = strlen (temp); } } return (temp); } /* Use `command' to replace the last entry in the history list, which, by this time, is `fc blah...'. The intent is that the new command become the history entry, and that `fc' should never appear in the history list. This way you can do `r' to your heart's content. */ static void fc_replhist (command) char *command; { register int i; HIST_ENTRY **hlist, *histent, *discard; char *data; int n; if (!command || !*command) return; hlist = history_list (); if (hlist == NULL) return; for (i = 0; hlist[i]; i++); i--; /* History_get () takes a parameter that should be offset by history_base. */ histent = history_get (history_base + i); /* Don't free this */ if (histent == NULL) return; n = strlen (command); if (command[n - 1] == '\n') command[n - 1] = '\0'; if (command && *command) { discard = remove_history (i); if (discard) { if (discard->line) free (discard->line); free ((char *) discard); } maybe_add_history (command); /* Obeys HISTCONTROL setting. */ } } /* Add LINE to the history, after removing a single trailing newline. */ static void fc_addhist (line) char *line; { register int n; n = strlen (line); if (line[n - 1] == '\n') line[n - 1] = '\0'; if (line && *line) maybe_add_history (line); } #endif /* HISTORY */ bash-1.14.3/builtins/fg_bg.def 644 436 0 6521 5604651275 14244 0ustar chetwheelThis file is fg_bg.def, from which is created fg_bg.c. It implements the builtins "bg" and "fg" in Bash. Copyright (C) 1987, 1989, 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc. This file is part of GNU Bash, the Bourne Again SHell. Bash is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 1, or (at your option) any later version. Bash is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details. You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with Bash; see the file COPYING. If not, write to the Free Software Foundation, 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. $PRODUCES fg_bg.c $BUILTIN fg $FUNCTION fg_builtin $DEPENDS_ON JOB_CONTROL $SHORT_DOC fg [job_spec] Place JOB_SPEC in the foreground, and make it the current job. If JOB_SPEC is not present, the shell's notion of the current job is used. $END #include #include #include "../shell.h" #include "../jobs.h" #if defined (JOB_CONTROL) extern char *this_command_name; static int fg_bg (); /* How to bring a job into the foreground. */ int fg_builtin (list) WORD_LIST *list; { int fg_bit = 1; register WORD_LIST *t = list; if (!job_control) { builtin_error ("no job control"); return (EXECUTION_FAILURE); } /* If the last arg on the line is '&', then start this job in the background. Else, fg the job. */ while (t && t->next) t = t->next; if (t && t->word->word[0] == '&' && !t->word->word[1]) fg_bit = 0; return (fg_bg (list, fg_bit)); } #endif /* JOB_CONTROL */ $BUILTIN bg $FUNCTION bg_builtin $DEPENDS_ON JOB_CONTROL $SHORT_DOC bg [job_spec] Place JOB_SPEC in the background, as if it had been started with `&'. If JOB_SPEC is not present, the shell's notion of the current job is used. $END #if defined (JOB_CONTROL) /* How to put a job into the background. */ int bg_builtin (list) WORD_LIST *list; { if (!job_control) { builtin_error ("no job control"); return (EXECUTION_FAILURE); } return (fg_bg (list, 0)); } /* How to put a job into the foreground/background. */ static int fg_bg (list, foreground) WORD_LIST *list; int foreground; { sigset_t set, oset; int job, status = EXECUTION_SUCCESS, old_async_pid; BLOCK_CHILD (set, oset); job = get_job_spec (list); if (job < 0 || job >= job_slots || !jobs[job]) { if (job != DUP_JOB) builtin_error ("No such job %s", list ? list->word->word : ""); goto failure; } /* Or if jobs[job]->pgrp == shell_pgrp. */ if (!(jobs[job]->flags & J_JOBCONTROL)) { builtin_error ("job %%%d started without job control", job + 1); goto failure; } if (!foreground) { old_async_pid = last_asynchronous_pid; last_asynchronous_pid = jobs[job]->pgrp; /* As per Posix.2 5.4.2 */ } status = start_job (job, foreground); if (status >= 0) { /* win: */ UNBLOCK_CHILD (oset); return (status); } else { if (!foreground) last_asynchronous_pid = old_async_pid; failure: UNBLOCK_CHILD (oset); return (EXECUTION_FAILURE); } } #endif /* JOB_CONTROL */ bash-1.14.3/builtins/getopt.c 664 436 0 52034 5560220427 14200 0ustar chetwheel/* Getopt for GNU. NOTE: getopt is now part of the C library, so if you don't know what "Keep this file name-space clean" means, talk to roland@gnu.ai.mit.edu before changing it! Copyright (C) 1987, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 1993 Free Software Foundation, Inc. This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option) any later version. This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details. You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. */ /* NOTE!!! AIX requires this to be the first thing in the file. Do not put ANYTHING before it! */ #if !defined (__GNUC__) && defined (_AIX) && !defined (IBMESA) #pragma alloca #endif #ifdef HAVE_CONFIG_H #include "config.h" #endif #ifdef __GNUC__ #define alloca __builtin_alloca #else /* not __GNUC__ */ #if defined (HAVE_ALLOCA_H) || (defined(sparc) && (defined(sun) || (!defined(USG) && !defined(SVR4) && !defined(__svr4__)))) #if defined (IBMESA) #include #else #include #endif /* !IBMESA */ #else #ifndef _AIX char *alloca (); #endif #endif /* alloca.h */ #endif /* not __GNUC__ */ #if !__STDC__ && !defined(const) && IN_GCC #define const #endif /* This tells Alpha OSF/1 not to define a getopt prototype in . */ #ifndef _NO_PROTO #define _NO_PROTO #endif #include /* Comment out all this code if we are using the GNU C Library, and are not actually compiling the library itself. This code is part of the GNU C Library, but also included in many other GNU distributions. Compiling and linking in this code is a waste when using the GNU C library (especially if it is a shared library). Rather than having every GNU program understand `configure --with-gnu-libc' and omit the object files, it is simpler to just do this in the source for each such file. */ #if defined (_LIBC) || !defined (__GNU_LIBRARY__) /* This needs to come after some library #include to get __GNU_LIBRARY__ defined. */ #ifdef __GNU_LIBRARY__ #undef alloca /* Don't include stdlib.h for non-GNU C libraries because some of them contain conflicting prototypes for getopt. */ #include #else /* Not GNU C library. */ #define __alloca alloca #endif /* GNU C library. */ #if !defined (__STDC__) && !defined (const) # define const #endif /* If GETOPT_COMPAT is defined, `+' as well as `--' can introduce a long-named option. Because this is not POSIX.2 compliant, it is being phased out. */ /* #define GETOPT_COMPAT */ /* This version of `getopt' appears to the caller like standard Unix `getopt' but it behaves differently for the user, since it allows the user to intersperse the options with the other arguments. As `getopt' works, it permutes the elements of ARGV so that, when it is done, all the options precede everything else. Thus all application programs are extended to handle flexible argument order. Setting the environment variable POSIXLY_CORRECT disables permutation. Then the behavior is completely standard. GNU application programs can use a third alternative mode in which they can distinguish the relative order of options and other arguments. */ #include "getopt.h" /* For communication from `getopt' to the caller. When `getopt' finds an option that takes an argument, the argument value is returned here. Also, when `ordering' is RETURN_IN_ORDER, each non-option ARGV-element is returned here. */ char *optarg = 0; /* Index in ARGV of the next element to be scanned. This is used for communication to and from the caller and for communication between successive calls to `getopt'. On entry to `getopt', zero means this is the first call; initialize. When `getopt' returns EOF, this is the index of the first of the non-option elements that the caller should itself scan. Otherwise, `optind' communicates from one call to the next how much of ARGV has been scanned so far. */ /* XXX 1003.2 says this must be 1 before any call. */ int optind = 0; /* The next char to be scanned in the option-element in which the last option character we returned was found. This allows us to pick up the scan where we left off. If this is zero, or a null string, it means resume the scan by advancing to the next ARGV-element. */ static char *nextchar; /* Callers store zero here to inhibit the error message for unrecognized options. */ int opterr = 1; /* Set to an option character which was unrecognized. This must be initialized on some systems to avoid linking in the system's own getopt implementation. */ int optopt = '?'; /* Describe how to deal with options that follow non-option ARGV-elements. If the caller did not specify anything, the default is REQUIRE_ORDER if the environment variable POSIXLY_CORRECT is defined, PERMUTE otherwise. REQUIRE_ORDER means don't recognize them as options; stop option processing when the first non-option is seen. This is what Unix does. This mode of operation is selected by either setting the environment variable POSIXLY_CORRECT, or using `+' as the first character of the list of option characters. PERMUTE is the default. We permute the contents of ARGV as we scan, so that eventually all the non-options are at the end. This allows options to be given in any order, even with programs that were not written to expect this. RETURN_IN_ORDER is an option available to programs that were written to expect options and other ARGV-elements in any order and that care about the ordering of the two. We describe each non-option ARGV-element as if it were the argument of an option with character code 1. Using `-' as the first character of the list of option characters selects this mode of operation. The special argument `--' forces an end of option-scanning regardless of the value of `ordering'. In the case of RETURN_IN_ORDER, only `--' can cause `getopt' to return EOF with `optind' != ARGC. */ static enum { REQUIRE_ORDER, PERMUTE, RETURN_IN_ORDER } ordering, default_ordering = PERMUTE; #ifdef __GNU_LIBRARY__ /* We want to avoid inclusion of string.h with non-GNU libraries because there are many ways it can cause trouble. On some systems, it contains special magic macros that don't work in GCC. */ #include #define my_index strchr #define my_bcopy(src, dst, n) memcpy ((dst), (src), (n)) #else /* Avoid depending on library functions or files whose names are inconsistent. */ char *getenv (); static char * my_index (str, chr) const char *str; int chr; { while (*str) { if (*str == chr) return (char *) str; str++; } return 0; } static void my_bcopy (from, to, size) const char *from; char *to; int size; { int i; for (i = 0; i < size; i++) to[i] = from[i]; } #endif /* GNU C library. */ /* Handle permutation of arguments. */ /* Describe the part of ARGV that contains non-options that have been skipped. `first_nonopt' is the index in ARGV of the first of them; `last_nonopt' is the index after the last of them. */ static int first_nonopt; static int last_nonopt; /* Exchange two adjacent subsequences of ARGV. One subsequence is elements [first_nonopt,last_nonopt) which contains all the non-options that have been skipped so far. The other is elements [last_nonopt,optind), which contains all the options processed since those non-options were skipped. `first_nonopt' and `last_nonopt' are relocated so that they describe the new indices of the non-options in ARGV after they are moved. */ static void exchange (argv) char **argv; { int nonopts_size = (last_nonopt - first_nonopt) * sizeof (char *); char **temp = (char **) __alloca (nonopts_size); /* Interchange the two blocks of data in ARGV. */ my_bcopy ((char *) &argv[first_nonopt], (char *) temp, nonopts_size); my_bcopy ((char *) &argv[last_nonopt], (char *) &argv[first_nonopt], (optind - last_nonopt) * sizeof (char *)); my_bcopy ((char *) temp, (char *) &argv[first_nonopt + optind - last_nonopt], nonopts_size); /* Update records for the slots the non-options now occupy. */ first_nonopt += (optind - last_nonopt); last_nonopt = optind; } /* Scan elements of ARGV (whose length is ARGC) for option characters given in OPTSTRING. If an element of ARGV starts with '-', and is not exactly "-" or "--", then it is an option element. The characters of this element (aside from the initial '-') are option characters. If `getopt' is called repeatedly, it returns successively each of the option characters from each of the option elements. If `getopt' finds another option character, it returns that character, updating `optind' and `nextchar' so that the next call to `getopt' can resume the scan with the following option character or ARGV-element. If there are no more option characters, `getopt' returns `EOF'. Then `optind' is the index in ARGV of the first ARGV-element that is not an option. (The ARGV-elements have been permuted so that those that are not options now come last.) OPTSTRING is a string containing the legitimate option characters. If an option character is seen that is not listed in OPTSTRING, return '?' after printing an error message. If you set `opterr' to zero, the error message is suppressed but we still return '?'. If a char in OPTSTRING is followed by a colon, that means it wants an arg, so the following text in the same ARGV-element, or the text of the following ARGV-element, is returned in `optarg'. Two colons mean an option that wants an optional arg; if there is text in the current ARGV-element, it is returned in `optarg', otherwise `optarg' is set to zero. If OPTSTRING starts with `-' or `+', it requests different methods of handling the non-option ARGV-elements. See the comments about RETURN_IN_ORDER and REQUIRE_ORDER, above. Long-named options begin with `--' instead of `-'. Their names may be abbreviated as long as the abbreviation is unique or is an exact match for some defined option. If they have an argument, it follows the option name in the same ARGV-element, separated from the option name by a `=', or else the in next ARGV-element. When `getopt' finds a long-named option, it returns 0 if that option's `flag' field is nonzero, the value of the option's `val' field if the `flag' field is zero. The elements of ARGV aren't really const, because we permute them. But we pretend they're const in the prototype to be compatible with other systems. LONGOPTS is a vector of `struct option' terminated by an element containing a name which is zero. LONGIND returns the index in LONGOPT of the long-named option found. It is only valid when a long-named option has been found by the most recent call. If LONG_ONLY is nonzero, '-' as well as '--' can introduce long-named options. */ /* Call this function with an argument of 1 to set the default option ordering to that required by Posix. The normal default is PERMUTE. */ void getopt_set_posix_option_order (on_or_off) int on_or_off; { if (on_or_off == 1) default_ordering = REQUIRE_ORDER; else default_ordering = PERMUTE; } int _getopt_internal (argc, argv, optstring, longopts, longind, long_only) int argc; char *const *argv; const char *optstring; const struct option *longopts; int *longind; int long_only; { int option_index; optarg = 0; if (optind > argc || optind < 0) { optind = argc; return (EOF); } /* Initialize the internal data when the first call is made. Start processing options with ARGV-element 1 (since ARGV-element 0 is the program name); the sequence of previously skipped non-option ARGV-elements is empty. */ if (optind == 0) { first_nonopt = last_nonopt = optind = 1; nextchar = NULL; /* Determine how to handle the ordering of options and nonoptions. */ if (optstring[0] == '-') { ordering = RETURN_IN_ORDER; ++optstring; } else if (optstring[0] == '+') { ordering = REQUIRE_ORDER; ++optstring; } else if (getenv ("POSIXLY_CORRECT") != NULL) ordering = REQUIRE_ORDER; else ordering = default_ordering; } if (nextchar == NULL || *nextchar == '\0') { if (ordering == PERMUTE) { /* If we have just processed some options following some non-options, exchange them so that the options come first. */ if (first_nonopt != last_nonopt && last_nonopt != optind) exchange ((char **) argv); else if (last_nonopt != optind) first_nonopt = optind; /* Now skip any additional non-options and extend the range of non-options previously skipped. */ while (optind < argc && (argv[optind][0] != '-' || argv[optind][1] == '\0') #ifdef GETOPT_COMPAT && (longopts == NULL || argv[optind][0] != '+' || argv[optind][1] == '\0') #endif /* GETOPT_COMPAT */ ) optind++; last_nonopt = optind; } /* Special ARGV-element `--' means premature end of options. Skip it like a null option, then exchange with previous non-options as if it were an option, then skip everything else like a non-option. */ if (optind != argc && !strcmp (argv[optind], "--")) { optind++; if (first_nonopt != last_nonopt && last_nonopt != optind) exchange ((char **) argv); else if (first_nonopt == last_nonopt) first_nonopt = optind; last_nonopt = argc; optind = argc; } /* If we have done all the ARGV-elements, stop the scan and back over any non-options that we skipped and permuted. */ if (optind == argc) { /* Set the next-arg-index to point at the non-options that we previously skipped, so the caller will digest them. */ if (first_nonopt != last_nonopt) optind = first_nonopt; return EOF; } /* If we have come to a non-option and did not permute it, either stop the scan or describe it to the caller and pass it by. */ if ((argv[optind][0] != '-' || argv[optind][1] == '\0') #ifdef GETOPT_COMPAT && (longopts == NULL || argv[optind][0] != '+' || argv[optind][1] == '\0') #endif /* GETOPT_COMPAT */ ) { if (ordering == REQUIRE_ORDER) return EOF; optarg = argv[optind++]; return 1; } /* We have found another option-ARGV-element. Start decoding its characters. */ nextchar = (argv[optind] + 1 + (longopts != NULL && argv[optind][1] == '-')); } if (longopts != NULL && ((argv[optind][0] == '-' && (argv[optind][1] == '-' || long_only)) #ifdef GETOPT_COMPAT || argv[optind][0] == '+' #endif /* GETOPT_COMPAT */ )) { const struct option *p; char *s = nextchar; int exact = 0; int ambig = 0; const struct option *pfound = NULL; int indfound; while (*s && *s != '=') s++; /* Test all options for either exact match or abbreviated matches. */ for (p = longopts, option_index = 0; p->name; p++, option_index++) if (!strncmp (p->name, nextchar, s - nextchar)) { if (s - nextchar == strlen (p->name)) { /* Exact match found. */ pfound = p; indfound = option_index; exact = 1; break; } else if (pfound == NULL) { /* First nonexact match found. */ pfound = p; indfound = option_index; } else /* Second nonexact match found. */ ambig = 1; } if (ambig && !exact) { if (opterr) fprintf (stderr, "%s: option `%s' is ambiguous\n", argv[0], argv[optind]); nextchar = ""; optind++; return '?'; } if (pfound != NULL) { option_index = indfound; optind++; if (*s) { /* Don't test has_arg with >, because some C compilers don't allow it to be used on enums. */ if (pfound->has_arg) optarg = s + 1; else { if (opterr) { if (argv[optind - 1][1] == '-') /* --option */ fprintf (stderr, "%s: option `--%s' doesn't allow an argument\n", argv[0], pfound->name); else /* +option or -option */ fprintf (stderr, "%s: option `%c%s' doesn't allow an argument\n", argv[0], argv[optind - 1][0], pfound->name); } nextchar = ""; return '?'; } } else if (pfound->has_arg == 1) { if (optind < argc) optarg = argv[optind++]; else { if (opterr) fprintf (stderr, "%s: option `%s' requires an argument\n", argv[0], argv[optind - 1]); nextchar = ""; return optstring[0] == ':' ? ':' : '?'; } } nextchar = ""; if (longind != NULL) *longind = option_index; if (pfound->flag) { *(pfound->flag) = pfound->val; return 0; } return pfound->val; } /* Can't find it as a long option. If this is not getopt_long_only, or the option starts with '--' or is not a valid short option, then it's an error. Otherwise interpret it as a short option. */ if (!long_only || argv[optind][1] == '-' #ifdef GETOPT_COMPAT || argv[optind][0] == '+' #endif /* GETOPT_COMPAT */ || my_index (optstring, *nextchar) == NULL) { if (opterr) { if (argv[optind][1] == '-') /* --option */ fprintf (stderr, "%s: unrecognized option `--%s'\n", argv[0], nextchar); else /* +option or -option */ fprintf (stderr, "%s: unrecognized option `%c%s'\n", argv[0], argv[optind][0], nextchar); } nextchar = (char *) ""; optind++; return '?'; } } /* Look at and handle the next option-character. */ { char c = *nextchar++; char *temp = my_index (optstring, c); /* Increment `optind' when we start to process its last character. */ if (nextchar == NULL || *nextchar == '\0') { ++optind; nextchar = (char *)NULL; } optopt = c; if (temp == NULL || c == ':') { if (opterr) { #if 0 if (c < 040 || c >= 0177) fprintf (stderr, "%s: unrecognized option, character code 0%o\n", argv[0], c); else fprintf (stderr, "%s: unrecognized option `-%c'\n", argv[0], c); #else /* 1003.2 specifies the format of this message. */ fprintf (stderr, "%s: illegal option -- %c\n", argv[0], c); #endif } optopt = c; return '?'; } if (temp[1] == ':') { if (temp[2] == ':') { /* This is an option that accepts an argument optionally. */ if (nextchar && *nextchar != '\0') { optarg = nextchar; optind++; } else optarg = 0; nextchar = (char *)NULL; } else { /* This is an option that requires an argument. */ if (nextchar && *nextchar != '\0') { optarg = nextchar; /* If we end this ARGV-element by taking the rest as an arg, we must advance to the next element now. */ optind++; } else if (optind == argc) { if (opterr) { #if 0 fprintf (stderr, "%s: option `-%c' requires an argument\n", argv[0], c); #else /* 1003.2 specifies the format of this message. */ fprintf (stderr, "%s: option requires an argument -- %c\n", argv[0], c); #endif } optopt = c; if (optstring[0] == ':') c = ':'; else c = '?'; } else /* We already incremented `optind' once; increment it again when taking next ARGV-elt as argument. */ optarg = argv[optind++]; nextchar = NULL; } } return c; } } int getopt (argc, argv, optstring) int argc; char *const *argv; const char *optstring; { return _getopt_internal (argc, argv, optstring, (const struct option *) 0, (int *) 0, 0); } #endif /* _LIBC or not __GNU_LIBRARY__. */ #ifdef TEST /* Compile with -DTEST to make an executable for use in testing the above definition of `getopt'. */ int main (argc, argv) int argc; char **argv; { int c; int digit_optind = 0; while (1) { int this_option_optind = optind ? optind : 1; c = getopt (argc, argv, "abc:d:0123456789"); if (c == EOF) break; switch (c) { case '0': case '1': case '2': case '3': case '4': case '5': case '6': case '7': case '8': case '9': if (digit_optind != 0 && digit_optind != this_option_optind) printf ("digits occur in two different argv-elements.\n"); digit_optind = this_option_optind; printf ("option %c\n", c); break; case 'a': printf ("option a\n"); break; case 'b': printf ("option b\n"); break; case 'c': printf ("option c with value `%s'\n", optarg); break; case '?': break; default: printf ("?? getopt returned character code 0%o ??\n", c); } } if (optind < argc) { printf ("non-option ARGV-elements: "); while (optind < argc) printf ("%s ", argv[optind++]); printf ("\n"); } exit (0); } #endif /* TEST */ bash-1.14.3/builtins/getopt.h 664 436 0 10474 5405635765 14224 0ustar chetwheel/* Declarations for getopt. Copyright (C) 1989, 1990, 1991, 1992, 1993 Free Software Foundation, Inc. This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option) any later version. This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details. You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. */ #ifndef _GETOPT_H #define _GETOPT_H 1 #ifdef __cplusplus extern "C" { #endif /* For communication from `getopt' to the caller. When `getopt' finds an option that takes an argument, the argument value is returned here. Also, when `ordering' is RETURN_IN_ORDER, each non-option ARGV-element is returned here. */ extern char *optarg; /* Index in ARGV of the next element to be scanned. This is used for communication to and from the caller and for communication between successive calls to `getopt'. On entry to `getopt', zero means this is the first call; initialize. When `getopt' returns EOF, this is the index of the first of the non-option elements that the caller should itself scan. Otherwise, `optind' communicates from one call to the next how much of ARGV has been scanned so far. */ extern int optind; /* Callers store zero here to inhibit the error message `getopt' prints for unrecognized options. */ extern int opterr; /* Set to an option character which was unrecognized. */ extern int optopt; /* Describe the long-named options requested by the application. The LONG_OPTIONS argument to getopt_long or getopt_long_only is a vector of `struct option' terminated by an element containing a name which is zero. The field `has_arg' is: no_argument (or 0) if the option does not take an argument, required_argument (or 1) if the option requires an argument, optional_argument (or 2) if the option takes an optional argument. If the field `flag' is not NULL, it points to a variable that is set to the value given in the field `val' when the option is found, but left unchanged if the option is not found. To have a long-named option do something other than set an `int' to a compiled-in constant, such as set a value from `optarg', set the option's `flag' field to zero and its `val' field to a nonzero value (the equivalent single-letter option character, if there is one). For long options that have a zero `flag' field, `getopt' returns the contents of the `val' field. */ struct option { #if __STDC__ const char *name; #else char *name; #endif /* has_arg can't be an enum because some compilers complain about type mismatches in all the code that assumes it is an int. */ int has_arg; int *flag; int val; }; /* Names for the values of the `has_arg' field of `struct option'. */ #define no_argument 0 #define required_argument 1 #define optional_argument 2 #if __STDC__ #if defined(__GNU_LIBRARY__) /* Many other libraries have conflicting prototypes for getopt, with differences in the consts, in stdlib.h. To avoid compilation errors, only prototype getopt for the GNU C library. */ extern int getopt (int argc, char *const *argv, const char *shortopts); #else /* not __GNU_LIBRARY__ */ extern int getopt (); #endif /* not __GNU_LIBRARY__ */ extern int getopt_long (int argc, char *const *argv, const char *shortopts, const struct option *longopts, int *longind); extern int getopt_long_only (int argc, char *const *argv, const char *shortopts, const struct option *longopts, int *longind); /* Internal only. Users should not call this directly. */ extern int _getopt_internal (int argc, char *const *argv, const char *shortopts, const struct option *longopts, int *longind, int long_only); #else /* not __STDC__ */ extern int getopt (); extern int getopt_long (); extern int getopt_long_only (); extern int _getopt_internal (); #endif /* not __STDC__ */ #ifdef __cplusplus } #endif #endif /* _GETOPT_H */ bash-1.14.3/builtins/getopts.def 664 436 0 20154 5615323123 14673 0ustar chetwheelThis file is getopts.def, from which is created getopts.c. It implements the builtin "getopts" in Bash. Copyright (C) 1987, 1989, 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc. This file is part of GNU Bash, the Bourne Again SHell. Bash is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 1, or (at your option) any later version. Bash is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details. You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with Bash; see the file COPYING. If not, write to the Free Software Foundation, 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. $PRODUCES getopts.c $BUILTIN getopts $DEPENDS_ON GETOPTS_BUILTIN $FUNCTION getopts_builtin $SHORT_DOC getopts optstring name [arg] Getopts is used by shell procedures to parse positional parameters. OPTSTRING contains the option letters to be recognized; if a letter is followed by a colon, the option is expected to have an argument, which should be separated from it by white space. Each time it is invoked, getopts will place the next option in the shell variable $name, initializing name if it does not exist, and the index of the next argument to be processed into the shell variable OPTIND. OPTIND is initialized to 1 each time the shell or a shell script is invoked. When an option requires an argument, getopts places that argument into the shell variable OPTARG. getopts reports errors in one of two ways. If the first character of OPTSTRING is a colon, getopts uses silent error reporting. In this mode, no error messages are printed. If an illegal option is seen, getopts places the option character found into OPTARG. If a required argument is not found, getopts places a ':' into NAME and sets OPTARG to the option character found. If getopts is not in silent mode, and an illegal option is seen, getopts places '?' into NAME and unsets OPTARG. If a required option is not found, a '?' is placed in NAME, OPTARG is unset, and a diagnostic message is printed. If the shell variable OPTERR has the value 0, getopts disables the printing of error messages, even if the first character of OPTSTRING is not a colon. OPTERR has the value 1 by default. Getopts normally parses the positional parameters ($0 - $9), but if more arguments are given, they are parsed instead. $END #include #if defined (HAVE_STRING_H) # include #else /* !HAVE_STRING_H */ # include #endif /* !HAVE_STRING_H */ #include "../shell.h" #if defined (GETOPTS_BUILTIN) #include "getopt.h" #define G_EOF (-1) #define G_ILLEGAL_OPT (-2) #define G_ARG_MISSING (-3) /* getopt.c is not compiled if __GNU_LIBRARY__ is defined, so this function will come up as undefined. More's the pity; the default behavior of the GNU getopt() is not Posix.2 compliant. */ #if defined (__GNU_LIBRARY__) # define getopt_set_posix_option_order(x) #endif extern char *this_command_name; extern WORD_LIST *rest_of_args; /* getopts_reset is magic code for when OPTIND is reset. N is the value that has just been assigned to OPTIND. */ void getopts_reset (newind) int newind; { optind = newind; } /* Error handling is now performed as specified by Posix.2, draft 11 (identical to that of ksh-88). The special handling is enabled if the first character of the option string is a colon; this handling disables diagnostic messages concerning missing option arguments and illegal option characters. The handling is as follows. ILLEGAL OPTIONS: name -> "?" if (special_error) then OPTARG = option character found no error output else OPTARG unset diagnostic message fi MISSING OPTION ARGUMENT; if (special_error) then name -> ":" OPTARG = option character found else name -> "?" OPTARG unset diagnostic message fi */ static int dogetopts (argc, argv) int argc; char **argv; { int ret, special_error, old_opterr = 0, i, n; char strval[2], numval[16]; char *optstr; /* list of options */ char *name; /* variable to get flag val */ char *t; if (argc < 3) { builtin_error("usage: getopts optstring name [arg]"); return (EX_USAGE); } /* argv[0] is "getopts". */ optstr = argv[1]; name = argv[2]; argc -= 2; argv += 2; special_error = optstr[0] == ':'; if (special_error) { old_opterr = opterr; optstr++; opterr = 0; /* suppress diagnostic messages */ } if (argc > 1) { t = argv[0]; argv[0] = dollar_vars[0]; ret = getopt (argc, argv, optstr); argv[0] = t; } else if (rest_of_args == (WORD_LIST *)NULL) { register int i; for (i = 0; dollar_vars[i]; i++); ret = getopt (i, dollar_vars, optstr); } else { register int i; register WORD_LIST *words; char **v; for (i = 0; dollar_vars[i]; i++); for (words = rest_of_args; words; words = words->next, i++); v = (char **)xmalloc ((i + 1) * sizeof (char *)); for (i = 0; dollar_vars[i]; i++) v[i] = dollar_vars[i]; for (words = rest_of_args; words; words = words->next, i++) v[i] = words->word->word; v[i] = (char *)NULL; ret = getopt (i, v, optstr); free (v); } if (special_error) opterr = old_opterr; /* Set the OPTIND variable in any case, to handle "--" skipping. */ if (optind < 10) { numval[14] = optind + '0'; numval[15] = '\0'; i = 14; } else { numval[i = 15] = '\0'; n = optind; do { numval[--i] = (n % 10) + '0'; } while (n /= 10); } bind_variable ("OPTIND", numval + i); /* If an error occurred, decide which one it is and set the return code appropriately. In all cases, the option character in error is in OPTOPT. If an illegal option was encountered, OPTARG is NULL. If a required option argument was missing, OPTARG points to a NULL string (that is, optarg[0] == 0). */ if (ret == '?') { if (optarg == NULL) ret = G_ILLEGAL_OPT; else if (optarg[0] == '\0') ret = G_ARG_MISSING; } if (ret == G_EOF) { bind_variable (name, "?"); return (EXECUTION_FAILURE); } if (ret == G_ILLEGAL_OPT) { /* Illegal option encountered. */ strval[0] = '?'; strval[1] = '\0'; bind_variable (name, strval); if (special_error) { strval[0] = (char) optopt; strval[1] = '\0'; bind_variable ("OPTARG", strval); } else makunbound ("OPTARG", shell_variables); return (EXECUTION_SUCCESS); } if (ret == G_ARG_MISSING) { /* Required argument missing. */ if (special_error) { strval[0] = ':'; strval[1] = '\0'; bind_variable (name, strval); strval[0] = (char) optopt; strval[1] = '\0'; bind_variable ("OPTARG", strval); } else { strval[0] = '?'; strval[1] = '\0'; bind_variable (name, strval); makunbound ("OPTARG", shell_variables); } return (EXECUTION_SUCCESS); } bind_variable ("OPTARG", optarg); strval[0] = (char) ret; strval[1] = '\0'; bind_variable (name, strval); return (EXECUTION_SUCCESS); } /* The getopts builtin. Build an argv, and call dogetopts with it. */ int getopts_builtin (list) WORD_LIST *list; { register int i; char **av; int ac, ret; WORD_LIST *t = list; static int order_set = 0; if (!list) return EXECUTION_FAILURE; for (ac = 0; t; t = t->next, ac++); ac++; av = (char **)xmalloc ((1 + ac) * sizeof (char *)); av[ac] = (char *) NULL; av[0] = savestring (this_command_name); for (t = list, i = 1; t; t = t->next, i++) av[i] = savestring (t->word->word); if (order_set == 0) { getopt_set_posix_option_order (1); order_set++; } ret = dogetopts (ac, av); free_array (av); return (ret); } #endif /* GETOPTS_BUILTIN */ bash-1.14.3/builtins/hash.def 664 436 0 12243 5603414263 14134 0ustar chetwheelThis file is hash.def, from which is created hash.c. It implements the builtin "hash" in Bash. Copyright (C) 1987, 1989, 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc. This file is part of GNU Bash, the Bourne Again SHell. Bash is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 1, or (at your option) any later version. Bash is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details. You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with Bash; see the file COPYING. If not, write to the Free Software Foundation, 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. $PRODUCES hash.c $BUILTIN hash $FUNCTION hash_builtin $SHORT_DOC hash [-r] [name ...] For each NAME, the full pathname of the command is determined and remembered. The -r option causes the shell to forget all remembered locations. If no arguments are given, information about remembered commands is presented. $END #include #include "../posixstat.h" #include #if defined (HAVE_STRING_H) # include #else /* !HAVE_STRING_H */ # include #endif /* !HAVE_STRING_H */ #include "../shell.h" #include "../builtins.h" #include "../flags.h" #include "hashcom.h" #include "common.h" #include "../execute_cmd.h" extern int dot_found_in_search; void initialize_filename_hashing () { hashed_filenames = make_hash_table (FILENAME_HASH_BUCKETS); } /* Print statistics on the current state of hashed commands. If LIST is not empty, then rehash (or hash in the first place) the specified commands. */ hash_builtin (list) WORD_LIST *list; { int expunge_hash_table = 0; int any_failed = 0; if (hashing_disabled) { builtin_error ("hashing disabled"); return (EXECUTION_FAILURE); } while (list) { char *arg = list->word->word; if (ISOPTION (arg, 'r')) { expunge_hash_table = 1; list = list->next; } else if (ISOPTION (arg, '-')) { list = list->next; break; } else if (*arg == '-') { bad_option (list->word->word); builtin_error ("usage: hash [-r] [command ...]"); return (EX_USAGE); } else break; } /* We want hash -r to be silent, but hash -- to print hashing info. That is the reason for the !expunge_hash_table. */ if (!list && !expunge_hash_table) { /* Print information about current hashed info. */ int any_printed = 0; int bucket = 0; register BUCKET_CONTENTS *item_list; while (bucket < hashed_filenames->nbuckets) { item_list = get_hash_bucket (bucket, hashed_filenames); if (item_list) { if (!any_printed) { printf ("hits\tcommand\n"); any_printed++; } while (item_list) { printf ("%4d\t%s\n", item_list->times_found, pathdata(item_list)->path); item_list = item_list->next; } } bucket++; } if (!any_printed) printf ("No commands in hash table.\n"); return (EXECUTION_SUCCESS); } if (expunge_hash_table) { int bucket = 0; register BUCKET_CONTENTS *item_list, *prev; while (bucket < hashed_filenames->nbuckets) { item_list = get_hash_bucket (bucket, hashed_filenames); if (item_list) { while (item_list) { prev = item_list; free (item_list->key); free (pathdata(item_list)->path); free (item_list->data); item_list = item_list->next; free (prev); } hashed_filenames->bucket_array[bucket] = (BUCKET_CONTENTS *)NULL; } bucket++; } } while (list) { /* Add or rehash the specified commands. */ char *word; char *full_path; SHELL_VAR *var; word = list->word->word; if (absolute_program (word)) { list = list->next; continue; } full_path = find_user_command (word); var = find_function (word); if (!find_shell_builtin (word) && (!var)) { if (full_path && executable_file (full_path)) remember_filename (word, full_path, dot_found_in_search, 0); else { builtin_error ("%s: not found", word); any_failed++; } } if (full_path) free (full_path); list = list->next; } fflush (stdout); if (any_failed) return (EXECUTION_FAILURE); else return (EXECUTION_SUCCESS); } /* Place FILENAME (key) and FULL_PATHNAME (data->path) into the hash table. CHECK_DOT if non-null is for future calls to find_hashed_filename (). FOUND is the initial value for times_found. */ void remember_filename (filename, full_pathname, check_dot, found) char *filename, *full_pathname; int check_dot, found; { register BUCKET_CONTENTS *item; if (hashing_disabled) return; item = add_hash_item (filename, hashed_filenames); if (item->data) free (pathdata(item)->path); else { item->key = savestring (filename); item->data = (char *)xmalloc (sizeof (PATH_DATA)); } pathdata(item)->path = savestring (full_pathname); pathdata(item)->check_dot = check_dot; item->times_found = found; } bash-1.14.3/builtins/hashcom.h 664 436 0 2162 5505135456 14310 0ustar chetwheel/* hashcom.h - Common defines for hashing filenames. */ /* Copyright (C) 1993 Free Software Foundation, Inc. This file is part of GNU Bash, the Bourne Again SHell. Bash is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option) any later version. Bash is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details. You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with Bash; see the file COPYING. If not, write to the Free Software Foundation, 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. */ #include "../hash.h" #define FILENAME_HASH_BUCKETS 631 extern HASH_TABLE *hashed_filenames; typedef struct { char *path; /* The full pathname of the file. */ int check_dot; /* Whether `.' appeared before this one in $PATH. */ } PATH_DATA; #define pathdata(x) ((PATH_DATA *)(x)->data) bash-1.14.3/builtins/help.def 644 436 0 6447 5603422373 14131 0ustar chetwheelThis file is help.def, from which is created help.c. It implements the builtin "help" in Bash. Copyright (C) 1987, 1989, 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc. This file is part of GNU Bash, the Bourne Again SHell. Bash is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 1, or (at your option) any later version. Bash is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details. You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with Bash; see the file COPYING. If not, write to the Free Software Foundation, 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. $PRODUCES help.c $BUILTIN help $FUNCTION help_builtin $SHORT_DOC help [pattern ...] Display helpful information about builtin commands. If PATTERN is specified, gives detailed help on all commands matching PATTERN, otherwise a list of the builtins is printed. $END #include #include "../shell.h" #include "../builtins.h" #if defined (USE_GLOB_LIBRARY) # include #else # define FNM_NOMATCH 1 #endif /* USE_GLOB_LIBRARY */ /* Print out a list of the known functions in the shell, and what they do. If LIST is supplied, print out the list which matches for each pattern specified. */ help_builtin (list) WORD_LIST *list; { if (!list) { register int i, j; char blurb[256]; show_shell_version (); printf ( "Shell commands that are defined internally. Type `help' to see this list.\n\ Type `help name' to find out more about the function `name'.\n\ Use `info bash' to find out more about the shell in general.\n\ \n\ A star (*) next to a name means that the command is disabled.\n\ \n"); for (i = 0; i < num_shell_builtins; i++) { QUIT; sprintf (blurb, "%c%s", (shell_builtins[i].flags & BUILTIN_ENABLED) ? ' ' : '*', shell_builtins[i].short_doc); blurb[35] = '\0'; printf ("%s", blurb); if (i % 2) printf ("\n"); else for (j = strlen (blurb); j < 35; j++) putc (' ', stdout); } if (i % 2) printf ("\n"); } else { int match_found = 0; char *pattern = ""; if (glob_pattern_p (list->word->word)) { printf ("Shell commands matching keyword%s `", list->next ? "s" : ""); print_word_list (list, ", "); printf ("'\n\n"); } while (list) { register int i = 0, plen; char *name; pattern = list->word->word; plen = strlen (pattern); while (name = shell_builtins[i].name) { int doc_index; QUIT; if ((strncmp (pattern, name, plen) == 0) || (fnmatch (pattern, name, 0) != FNM_NOMATCH)) { printf ("%s: %s\n", name, shell_builtins[i].short_doc); for (doc_index = 0; shell_builtins[i].long_doc[doc_index]; doc_index++) printf (" %s\n", shell_builtins[i].long_doc[doc_index]); match_found++; } i++; } list = list->next; } if (!match_found) { fprintf (stderr, "No help topics match `%s'. Try `help help'.\n", pattern); fflush (stderr); return (EXECUTION_FAILURE); } } fflush (stdout); return (EXECUTION_SUCCESS); } bash-1.14.3/builtins/let.def 664 436 0 4364 5443667641 13776 0ustar chetwheelThis file is let.def, from which is created let.c. It implements the builtin "let" in Bash. Copyright (C) 1987, 1989, 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc. This file is part of GNU Bash, the Bourne Again SHell. Bash is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 1, or (at your option) any later version. Bash is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details. You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with Bash; see the file COPYING. If not, write to the Free Software Foundation, 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. $BUILTIN let $FUNCTION let_builtin $PRODUCES let.c $SHORT_DOC let arg [arg ...] Each ARG is an arithmetic expression to be evaluated. Evaluation is done in long integers with no check for overflow, though division by 0 is trapped and flagged as an error. The following list of operators is grouped into levels of equal-precedence operators. The levels are listed in order of decreasing precedence. - unary minus ! logical NOT * / % multiplication, division, remainder + - addition, subtraction <= >= < > comparison == != equality inequality = assignment Shell variables are allowed as operands. The name of the variable is replaced by its value (coerced to a long integer) within an expression. The variable need not have its integer attribute turned on to be used in an expression. Operators are evaluated in order of precedence. Sub-expressions in parentheses are evaluated first and may override the precedence rules above. If the last ARG evaluates to 0, let returns 1; 0 is returned otherwise. $END #include "../shell.h" /* Arithmetic LET function. */ let_builtin (list) WORD_LIST *list; { long ret = 0L; if (!list) { builtin_error ("argument (expression) expected"); return (EXECUTION_FAILURE); } while (list) { ret = evalexp (list->word->word); list = list->next; } if (ret == 0L) return (EXECUTION_FAILURE); else return (EXECUTION_SUCCESS); } bash-1.14.3/builtins/history.def 644 436 0 10304 5535437571 14717 0ustar chetwheelThis file is history.def, from which is created history.c. It implements the builtin "history" in Bash. Copyright (C) 1987, 1989, 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc. This file is part of GNU Bash, the Bourne Again SHell. Bash is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 1, or (at your option) any later version. Bash is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details. You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with Bash; see the file COPYING. If not, write to the Free Software Foundation, 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. $PRODUCES history.c $BUILTIN history $FUNCTION history_builtin $DEPENDS_ON HISTORY $SHORT_DOC history [n] [ [-awrn] [filename]] Display the history list with line numbers. Lines listed with with a `*' have been modified. Argument of N says to list only the last N lines. Argument `-w' means to write out the current history file; `-r' means to read it instead. Argument `-a' means to append history lines from this session to the history file. Argument `-n' means to read all history lines not already read from the history file. If FILENAME is given, then use that file, else if $HISTFILE has a value, use that, else use ~/.bash_history. $END #include "../shell.h" #if defined (HISTORY) #include #include #include "../filecntl.h" #include "../posixstat.h" #include "../bashhist.h" #include /* History. Arg of -w FILENAME means write file, arg of -r FILENAME means read file. Arg of N means only display that many items. */ history_builtin (list) WORD_LIST *list; { register int i; int limited = 0, limit = 0; HIST_ENTRY **hlist; while (list) { char *arg = list->word->word; if ((arg[0] == '-') && (strlen (arg) == 2) && (member (arg[1], "rwan"))) { char *file; int result = EXECUTION_SUCCESS; if (list->next) file = list->next->word->word; else file = get_string_value ("HISTFILE"); switch (arg[1]) { case 'a': /* Append `new' lines to file. */ { if (history_lines_this_session) { void using_history (); if (history_lines_this_session < where_history ()) { /* If the filename was supplied, then create it if it doesn't already exist. */ if (file) { struct stat buf; if (stat (file, &buf) == -1) { int tem; tem = open (file, O_CREAT, 0666); close (tem); } } result = append_history (history_lines_this_session, file); history_lines_in_file += history_lines_this_session; history_lines_this_session = 0; } } break; } case 'w': /* Write entire history. */ { result = write_history (file); break; } case 'r': /* Read entire file. */ { result = read_history (file); break; } case 'n': /* Read `new' history from file. */ { /* Read all of the lines in the file that we haven't already read. */ using_history (); result = read_history_range (file, history_lines_in_file, -1); using_history (); history_lines_in_file = where_history (); break; } } return (result ? EXECUTION_FAILURE : EXECUTION_SUCCESS); } else if (strcmp (list->word->word, "--") == 0) { list = list->next; break; } else if (*list->word->word == '-') { bad_option (list->word->word); builtin_error ("usage: history [n] [-rwan [filename]]"); return (EX_USAGE); } else break; } if (list) { limited = 1; limit = get_numeric_arg (list); } hlist = history_list (); if (hlist) { for (i = 0; hlist[i]; i++); if (limit < 0) limit = -limit; if (!limited) i = 0; else if ((i -= limit) < 0) i = 0; while (hlist[i]) { QUIT; printf ("%5d%c %s\n", i + history_base, hlist[i]->data ? '*' : ' ', hlist[i]->line); i++; } } return (EXECUTION_SUCCESS); } #endif /* HISTORY */ bash-1.14.3/builtins/jobs.def 644 436 0 10743 5535437725 14163 0ustar chetwheelThis file is jobs.def, from which is created jobs.c. It implements the builtin "jobs" in Bash. Copyright (C) 1987, 1989, 1991, 1992 Free Software Foundation, Inc. This file is part of GNU Bash, the Bourne Again SHell. Bash is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 1, or (at your option) any later version. Bash is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details. You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with Bash; see the file COPYING. If not, write to the Free Software Foundation, 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. $PRODUCES jobs.c $BUILTIN jobs $FUNCTION jobs_builtin $DEPENDS_ON JOB_CONTROL $SHORT_DOC jobs [-lnp] [jobspec ...] | jobs -x command [args] Lists the active jobs. The -l option lists process id's in addition to the normal information; the -p option lists process id's only. If -n is given, only processes that have changed status since the last notification are printed. JOBSPEC restricts output to that job. If -x is given, COMMAND is run after all job specifications that appear in ARGS have been replaced with the process ID of that job's process group leader. $END #include "../shell.h" #if defined (JOB_CONTROL) #include #include #include "../jobs.h" #include "bashgetopt.h" extern int job_control, interactive_shell; static int execute_list_with_replacements (); /* The `jobs' command. Prints outs a list of active jobs. If the argument `-l' is given, then the process id's are printed also. If the argument `-p' is given, print the process group leader's pid only. If `-n' is given, only processes that have changed status since the last notification are printed. If -x is given, replace all job specs with the pid of the appropriate process group leader and execute the command. */ int jobs_builtin (list) WORD_LIST *list; { int form = JLIST_STANDARD, execute = 0; int opt; int any_failed = 0; if (!job_control && !interactive_shell) return (EXECUTION_SUCCESS); reset_internal_getopt (); while ((opt = internal_getopt (list, "lpnx")) != -1) { switch (opt) { case 'l': form = JLIST_LONG; break; case 'p': form = JLIST_PID_ONLY; break; case 'n': form = JLIST_CHANGED_ONLY; break; case 'x': if (form != JLIST_STANDARD) { builtin_error ("Other options not allowed with `-x'"); return (EXECUTION_FAILURE); } execute++; break; default: builtin_error ("usage: jobs [-lpn [jobspec]] [-x command [args]]"); return (EX_USAGE); } } list = loptend; if (execute) return (execute_list_with_replacements (list)); if (!list) { list_jobs (form); return (EXECUTION_SUCCESS); } while (list) { int job; sigset_t set, oset; BLOCK_CHILD (set, oset); job = get_job_spec (list); if ((job == NO_JOB) || !jobs || !jobs[job]) { builtin_error ("No such job %s", list->word->word); any_failed++; } else if (job != DUP_JOB) list_one_job ((JOB *)NULL, form, 0, job); UNBLOCK_CHILD (oset); list = list->next; } return (any_failed ? EXECUTION_FAILURE : EXECUTION_SUCCESS); } static int execute_list_with_replacements (list) WORD_LIST *list; { register WORD_LIST *l; int job, result; /* First do the replacement of job specifications with pids. */ for (l = list; l; l = l->next) { if (l->word->word[0] == '%') /* we have a winner */ { job = get_job_spec (l); /* A bad job spec is not really a job spec! Pass it through. */ if (job < 0 || job >= job_slots || !jobs[job]) continue; free (l->word->word); l->word->word = itos (jobs[job]->pgrp); } } /* Next make a new simple command and execute it. */ begin_unwind_frame ("jobs_builtin"); { COMMAND *command = (COMMAND *)NULL; add_unwind_protect (dispose_command, command); command = make_bare_simple_command (); command->value.Simple->words = copy_word_list (list); command->value.Simple->redirects = (REDIRECT *)NULL; command->flags |= CMD_INHIBIT_EXPANSION; command->value.Simple->flags |= CMD_INHIBIT_EXPANSION; result = execute_command (command); } run_unwind_frame ("jobs_builtin"); return (result); } #endif /* JOB_CONTROL */ bash-1.14.3/builtins/kill.def 644 436 0 15242 5553241714 14147 0ustar chetwheelThis file is kill.def, from which is created kill.c. It implements the builtin "kill" in Bash. Copyright (C) 1987, 1989, 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc. This file is part of GNU Bash, the Bourne Again SHell. Bash is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 1, or (at your option) any later version. Bash is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details. You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with Bash; see the file COPYING. If not, write to the Free Software Foundation, 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. $PRODUCES kill.c $BUILTIN kill $FUNCTION kill_builtin $DEPENDS_ON JOB_CONTROL $SHORT_DOC kill [-s sigspec | -sigspec] [pid | job]... | -l [signum] Send the processes named by PID (or JOB) the signal SIGSPEC. If SIGSPEC is not present, then SIGTERM is assumed. An argument of `-l' lists the signal names; if arguments follow `-l' they are assumed to be signal numbers for which names should be listed. Kill is a shell builtin for two reasons: it allows job IDs to be used instead of process IDs, and, if you have reached the limit on processes that you can create, you don't have to start a process to kill another one. $END /* Not all systems declare ERRNO in errno.h... and some systems #define it! */ #if !defined (errno) extern int errno; #endif /* !errno */ #include "../shell.h" #include "../trap.h" #include "../jobs.h" #include "common.h" #include #if defined (JOB_CONTROL) extern int interactive; extern int posixly_correct; #if !defined (CONTINUE_AFTER_KILL_ERROR) # define CONTINUE_OR_FAIL return (EXECUTION_FAILURE) #else # define CONTINUE_OR_FAIL goto continue_killing #endif /* CONTINUE_AFTER_KILL_ERROR */ /* Here is the kill builtin. We only have it so that people can type kill -KILL %1? No, if you fill up the process table this way you can still kill some. */ int kill_builtin (list) WORD_LIST *list; { int signal = SIGTERM; int any_succeeded = 0, listing = 0, saw_signal = 0; char *sigspec = "TERM", *word; pid_t pid; if (!list) return (EXECUTION_SUCCESS); /* Process options. */ while (list) { word = list->word->word; if (ISOPTION (word, 'l')) { listing++; list = list->next; } else if (ISOPTION (word, 's')) { list = list->next; if (list) { sigspec = list->word->word; if (sigspec[0] == '0' && !sigspec[1]) signal = 0; else signal = decode_signal (sigspec); list = list->next; } else { builtin_error ("-s requires an argument"); return (EXECUTION_FAILURE); } } else if (ISOPTION (word, '-')) { list = list->next; break; } /* If this is a signal specification then process it. We only process the first one seen; other arguments may signify process groups (e.g, -num == process group num). */ else if ((*word == '-') && !saw_signal) { sigspec = word + 1; signal = decode_signal (sigspec); saw_signal++; list = list->next; } else break; } if (listing) { if (!list) { register int i; register int column = 0; char *name; for (i = 1; i < NSIG; i++) { name = signal_name (i); if (STREQN (name, "SIGJUNK", 7) || STREQN (name, "Unknown", 7)) continue; if (posixly_correct) printf ("%s%s", name, (i == NSIG - 1) ? "" : " "); else { printf ("%2d) %s", i, name); if (++column < 4) printf ("\t"); else { printf ("\n"); column = 0; } } } if (posixly_correct || column != 0) printf ("\n"); } else { /* List individual signal names. */ while (list) { int signum; char *name; if ((sscanf (list->word->word, "%d", &signum) != 1) || (signum <= 0)) { list_error: builtin_error ("bad signal number: %s", list->word->word); list = list->next; continue; } /* This is specified by Posix.2 so that exit statuses can be mapped into signal numbers. */ if (signum > 128) signum -= 128; if (signum >= NSIG) goto list_error; name = signal_name (signum); if (STREQN (name, "SIGJUNK", 7) || STREQN (name, "Unknown", 7)) { list = list->next; continue; } printf ("%s\n", name); list = list->next; } } return (EXECUTION_SUCCESS); } /* OK, we are killing processes. */ if (signal == NO_SIG) { builtin_error ("bad signal spec `%s'", sigspec); return (EXECUTION_FAILURE); } while (list) { word = list->word->word; if (*word == '-') word++; if (all_digits (word)) { /* Use the entire argument in case of minus sign presence. */ pid = (pid_t) atoi (list->word->word); if (kill_pid (pid, signal, 0) < 0) goto signal_error; else any_succeeded++; } else if (*list->word->word != '%') { builtin_error ("No such pid %s", list->word->word); CONTINUE_OR_FAIL; } #if 1 else if (interactive) /* Posix.2 says you can kill without job control active (4.32.4) */ #else else if (job_control) /* can't kill jobs if not using job control */ #endif { /* Must be a job spec. Check it out. */ int job; sigset_t set, oset; BLOCK_CHILD (set, oset); job = get_job_spec (list); if (job < 0 || job >= job_slots || !jobs[job]) { if (job != DUP_JOB) builtin_error ("No such job %s", list->word->word); UNBLOCK_CHILD (oset); CONTINUE_OR_FAIL; } /* Job spec used. Kill the process group. If the job was started without job control, then its pgrp == shell_pgrp, so we have to be careful. We take the pid of the first job in the pipeline in that case. */ if (jobs[job]->flags & J_JOBCONTROL) pid = jobs[job]->pgrp; else pid = jobs[job]->pipe->pid; UNBLOCK_CHILD (oset); if (kill_pid (pid, signal, 1) < 0) { signal_error: if (errno == EPERM) builtin_error ("(%d) - Not owner", (int)pid); else if (errno == ESRCH) builtin_error ("(%d) - No such pid", (int)pid); else builtin_error ("Invalid signal %d", signal); CONTINUE_OR_FAIL; } else any_succeeded++; } else { builtin_error ("bad process specification `%s'", list->word->word); CONTINUE_OR_FAIL; } continue_killing: list = list->next; } if (any_succeeded) return (EXECUTION_SUCCESS); else return (EXECUTION_FAILURE); } #endif /* JOB_CONTROL */ bash-1.14.3/builtins/mkbuiltins.c 644 436 0 101126 5566753403 15105 0ustar chetwheel/* mkbuiltins.c - Create builtins.c, builtext.h, and builtdoc.c from a single source file called builtins.def. */ /* Copyright (C) 1987, 1989, 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc. This file is part of GNU Bash, the Bourne Again SHell. Bash is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 1, or (at your option) any later version. Bash is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details. You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with Bash; see the file COPYING. If not, write to the Free Software Foundation, 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. */ #include "../bashansi.h" #include "../config.h" #include #include #include #include #include "../filecntl.h" #if defined (HAVE_UNISTD_H) # include #endif /* HAVE_UNISTD_H */ #if defined (HAVE_STRING_H) # include #else /* !HAVE_STRING_H */ # include #endif /* !HAVE_STRING_H */ #define DOCFILE "builtins.texi" static char *xmalloc (), *xrealloc (); #if !defined (__STDC__) && !defined (strcpy) extern char *strcpy (); #endif /* !__STDC__ && !strcpy */ #define savestring(x) strcpy (xmalloc (1 + strlen (x)), (x)) #define whitespace(c) (((c) == ' ') || ((c) == '\t')) /* Flag values that builtins can have. */ #define BUILTIN_FLAG_SPECIAL 0x01 /* If this stream descriptor is non-zero, then write texinfo documentation to it. */ FILE *documentation_file = (FILE *)NULL; /* Non-zero means to only produce documentation. */ int only_documentation = 0; /* Non-zero means to not do any productions. */ int inhibit_production = 0; #if !defined (OLDCODE) int no_long_document = 0; #endif /* !OLDCODE */ /* The name of a directory to precede the filename when reporting errors. */ char *error_directory = (char *)NULL; /* The name of the structure file. */ char *struct_filename = (char *)NULL; /* The name of the external declaration file. */ char *extern_filename = (char *)NULL; /* Here is a structure for manipulating arrays of data. */ typedef struct { int size; /* Number of slots allocated to array. */ int sindex; /* Current location in array. */ int width; /* Size of each element. */ int growth_rate; /* How fast to grow. */ char **array; /* The array itself. */ } ARRAY; /* Here is a structure defining a single BUILTIN. */ typedef struct { char *name; /* The name of this builtin. */ char *function; /* The name of the function to call. */ char *shortdoc; /* The short documentation for this builtin. */ char *docname; /* Possible name for documentation string. */ ARRAY *longdoc; /* The long documentation for this builtin. */ ARRAY *dependencies; /* Null terminated array of #define names. */ int flags; /* Flags for this builtin. */ } BUILTIN_DESC; /* Here is a structure which defines a DEF file. */ typedef struct { char *filename; /* The name of the input def file. */ ARRAY *lines; /* The contents of the file. */ int line_number; /* The current line number. */ char *production; /* The name of the production file. */ FILE *output; /* Open file stream for PRODUCTION. */ ARRAY *builtins; /* Null terminated array of BUILTIN_DESC *. */ } DEF_FILE; /* The array of all builtins encountered during execution of this code. */ ARRAY *saved_builtins = (ARRAY *)NULL; /* The Posix.2 so-called `special' builtins. */ char *special_builtins[] = { ":", ".", "source", "break", "continue", "eval", "exec", "exit", "export", "readonly", "return", "set", "shift", "trap", "unset", (char *)NULL }; static int is_special_builtin (); /* For each file mentioned on the command line, process it and write the information to STRUCTFILE and EXTERNFILE, while creating the production file if neccessary. */ main (argc, argv) int argc; char **argv; { int arg_index = 1; FILE *structfile, *externfile; char *documentation_filename, *temp_struct_filename; structfile = externfile = (FILE *)NULL; documentation_filename = DOCFILE; temp_struct_filename = (char *)NULL; while (arg_index < argc && argv[arg_index][0] == '-') { char *arg = argv[arg_index++]; if (strcmp (arg, "-externfile") == 0) extern_filename = argv[arg_index++]; else if (strcmp (arg, "-structfile") == 0) struct_filename = argv[arg_index++]; else if (strcmp (arg, "-noproduction") == 0) inhibit_production = 1; else if (strcmp (arg, "-document") == 0) documentation_file = fopen (documentation_filename, "w"); else if (strcmp (arg, "-D") == 0) { int len; if (error_directory) free (error_directory); error_directory = xmalloc (2 + strlen (argv[arg_index])); strcpy (error_directory, argv[arg_index]); len = strlen (error_directory); if (len && error_directory[len - 1] != '/') strcat (error_directory, "/"); arg_index++; } else if (strcmp (arg, "-documentonly") == 0) { only_documentation = 1; documentation_file = fopen (documentation_filename, "w"); } #if !defined (OLDCODE) else if (strcmp (arg, "-nodocument") == 0) no_long_document = 1; #endif /* !OLDCODE */ else { fprintf (stderr, "%s: Unknown flag %s.\n", argv[0], arg); exit (2); } } /* If there are no files to process, just quit now. */ if (arg_index == argc) exit (0); if (!only_documentation) { /* Open the files. */ if (struct_filename) { temp_struct_filename = xmalloc (15); sprintf (temp_struct_filename, "mk-%d", (int) getpid ()); structfile = fopen (temp_struct_filename, "w"); if (!structfile) file_error (temp_struct_filename); } if (extern_filename) { externfile = fopen (extern_filename, "w"); if (!externfile) file_error (extern_filename); } /* Write out the headers. */ write_file_headers (structfile, externfile); } if (documentation_file) { fprintf (documentation_file, "@c Table of builtins created with %s.\n", argv[0]); fprintf (documentation_file, "@ftable @asis\n"); } /* Process the .def files. */ while (arg_index < argc) { register char *arg; arg = argv[arg_index++]; extract_info (arg, structfile, externfile); } /* Close the files. */ if (!only_documentation) { /* Write the footers. */ write_file_footers (structfile, externfile); if (structfile) { write_longdocs (structfile, saved_builtins); fclose (structfile); link (temp_struct_filename, struct_filename); unlink (temp_struct_filename); } if (externfile) fclose (externfile); } if (documentation_file) { fprintf (documentation_file, "@end ftable\n"); fclose (documentation_file); } exit (0); } /* **************************************************************** */ /* */ /* Array Functions and Manipulators */ /* */ /* **************************************************************** */ /* Make a new array, and return a pointer to it. The array will contain elements of size WIDTH, and is initialized to no elements. */ ARRAY * array_create (width) int width; { ARRAY *array; array = (ARRAY *)xmalloc (sizeof (ARRAY)); array->size = 0; array->sindex = 0; array->width = width; /* Default to increasing size in units of 20. */ array->growth_rate = 20; array->array = (char **)NULL; return (array); } /* Copy the array of strings in ARRAY. */ ARRAY * copy_string_array (array) ARRAY *array; { register int i; ARRAY *copy; if (!array) return (ARRAY *)NULL; copy = array_create (sizeof (char *)); copy->size = array->size; copy->sindex = array->sindex; copy->width = array->width; copy->array = (char **)xmalloc ((1 + array->sindex) * sizeof (char *)); for (i = 0; i < array->sindex; i++) copy->array[i] = savestring (array->array[i]); copy->array[i] = (char *)NULL; return (copy); } /* Add ELEMENT to ARRAY, growing the array if neccessary. */ array_add (element, array) char *element; ARRAY *array; { if (array->sindex + 2 > array->size) array->array = (char **)xrealloc (array->array, (array->size += array->growth_rate) * array->width); #if defined (HAVE_BCOPY) bcopy (&element, &(array->array[array->sindex]), array->width); array->sindex++; bzero (&(array->array[array->sindex]), array->width); #else array->array[array->sindex++] = element; array->array[array->sindex] = (char *)NULL; #endif /* !HAVE_BCOPY */ } /* Free an allocated array and data pointer. */ array_free (array) ARRAY *array; { if (array->array) free (array->array); free (array); } /* **************************************************************** */ /* */ /* Processing a DEF File */ /* */ /* **************************************************************** */ /* The definition of a function. */ typedef int Function (); /* Structure handles processor directives. */ typedef struct { char *directive; Function *function; } HANDLER_ENTRY; extern int builtin_handler (), function_handler (), short_doc_handler (), comment_handler (), depends_on_handler (), produces_handler (), end_handler (), docname_handler (); HANDLER_ENTRY handlers[] = { { "BUILTIN", builtin_handler }, { "DOCNAME", docname_handler }, { "FUNCTION", function_handler }, { "SHORT_DOC", short_doc_handler }, { "$", comment_handler }, { "COMMENT", comment_handler }, { "DEPENDS_ON", depends_on_handler }, { "PRODUCES", produces_handler }, { "END", end_handler }, { (char *)NULL, (Function *)NULL } }; /* Return the entry in the table of handlers for NAME. */ HANDLER_ENTRY * find_directive (directive) char *directive; { register int i; for (i = 0; handlers[i].directive; i++) if (strcmp (handlers[i].directive, directive) == 0) return (&handlers[i]); return ((HANDLER_ENTRY *)NULL); } /* Non-zero indicates that a $BUILTIN has been seen, but not the corresponding $END. */ static int building_builtin = 0; /* Non-zero means to output cpp line and file information before printing the current line to the production file. */ int output_cpp_line_info = 0; /* The main function of this program. Read FILENAME and act on what is found. Lines not starting with a dollar sign are copied to the $PRODUCES target, if one is present. Lines starting with a dollar sign are directives to this program, specifying the name of the builtin, the function to call, the short documentation and the long documentation strings. FILENAME can contain multiple $BUILTINs, but only one $PRODUCES target. After the file has been processed, write out the names of builtins found in each $BUILTIN. Plain text found before the $PRODUCES is ignored, as is "$$ comment text". */ extract_info (filename, structfile, externfile) char *filename; FILE *structfile, *externfile; { register int i; DEF_FILE *defs; struct stat finfo; char *buffer, *line; int fd; if (stat (filename, &finfo) == -1) file_error (filename); fd = open (filename, O_RDONLY, 0666); if (fd == -1) file_error (filename); buffer = xmalloc (1 + (int)finfo.st_size); if (read (fd, buffer, finfo.st_size) != finfo.st_size) file_error (filename); close (fd); /* Create and fill in the initial structure describing this file. */ defs = (DEF_FILE *)xmalloc (sizeof (DEF_FILE)); defs->filename = filename; defs->lines = array_create (sizeof (char *)); defs->line_number = 0; defs->production = (char *)NULL; defs->output = (FILE *)NULL; defs->builtins = (ARRAY *)NULL; /* Build the array of lines. */ i = 0; while (i < finfo.st_size) { array_add (&buffer[i], defs->lines); while (buffer[i] != '\n' && i < finfo.st_size) i++; buffer[i++] = '\0'; } /* Begin processing the input file. We don't write any output until we have a file to write output to. */ output_cpp_line_info = 1; /* Process each line in the array. */ for (i = 0; line = defs->lines->array[i]; i++) { defs->line_number = i; if (*line == '$') { register int j; char *directive; HANDLER_ENTRY *handler; /* Isolate the directive. */ for (j = 0; line[j] && !whitespace (line[j]); j++); directive = xmalloc (j); strncpy (directive, line + 1, j - 1); directive[j -1] = '\0'; /* Get the function handler and call it. */ handler = find_directive (directive); if (!handler) { line_error (defs, "Unknown directive `%s'", directive); free (directive); continue; } else { /* Advance to the first non-whitespace character. */ while (whitespace (line[j])) j++; /* Call the directive handler with the FILE, and ARGS. */ (*(handler->function)) (directive, defs, line + j); } free (directive); } else { if (building_builtin) add_documentation (defs, line); else if (defs->output) { if (output_cpp_line_info) { /* If we're handed an absolute pathname, don't prepend the directory name. */ if (defs->filename[0] == '/') fprintf (defs->output, "#line %d \"%s\"\n", defs->line_number + 1, defs->filename); else fprintf (defs->output, "#line %d \"%s%s\"\n", defs->line_number + 1, error_directory ? error_directory : "./", defs->filename); output_cpp_line_info = 0; } fprintf (defs->output, "%s\n", line); } } } /* Close the production file. */ if (defs->output) fclose (defs->output); /* The file has been processed. Write the accumulated builtins to the builtins.c file, and write the extern definitions to the builtext.h file. */ write_builtins (defs, structfile, externfile); free (buffer); free_defs (defs); } #define free_safely(x) if (x) free (x) static void free_builtin (builtin) BUILTIN_DESC *builtin; { register int i; free_safely (builtin->name); free_safely (builtin->function); free_safely (builtin->shortdoc); free_safely (builtin->docname); if (builtin->longdoc) array_free (builtin->longdoc); if (builtin->dependencies) { for (i = 0; builtin->dependencies->array[i]; i++) free (builtin->dependencies->array[i]); array_free (builtin->dependencies); } } /* Free all of the memory allocated to a DEF_FILE. */ free_defs (defs) DEF_FILE *defs; { register int i; register BUILTIN_DESC *builtin; if (defs->production) free (defs->production); if (defs->lines) array_free (defs->lines); if (defs->builtins) { for (i = 0; builtin = (BUILTIN_DESC *)defs->builtins->array[i]; i++) { free_builtin (builtin); free (builtin); } array_free (defs->builtins); } free (defs); } /* **************************************************************** */ /* */ /* The Handler Functions Themselves */ /* */ /* **************************************************************** */ /* Strip surrounding whitespace from STRING, and return a pointer to the start of it. */ char * strip_whitespace (string) char *string; { while (whitespace (*string)) string++; remove_trailing_whitespace (string); return (string); } /* Remove only the trailing whitespace from STRING. */ remove_trailing_whitespace (string) char *string; { register int i; i = strlen (string) - 1; while (i > 0 && whitespace (string[i])) i--; string[++i] = '\0'; } /* Ensure that there is a argument in STRING and return it. FOR_WHOM is the name of the directive which needs the argument. DEFS is the DEF_FILE in which the directive is found. If there is no argument, produce an error. */ char * get_arg (for_whom, defs, string) char *for_whom, *string; DEF_FILE *defs; { char *new; new = strip_whitespace (string); if (!*new) line_error (defs, "%s requires an argument", for_whom); return (savestring (new)); } /* Error if not building a builtin. */ must_be_building (directive, defs) char *directive; DEF_FILE *defs; { if (!building_builtin) line_error (defs, "%s must be inside of a $BUILTIN block", directive); } /* Return the current builtin. */ BUILTIN_DESC * current_builtin (directive, defs) char *directive; DEF_FILE *defs; { must_be_building (directive, defs); return ((BUILTIN_DESC *)defs->builtins->array[defs->builtins->sindex - 1]); } /* Add LINE to the long documentation for the current builtin. Ignore blank lines until the first non-blank line has been seen. */ add_documentation (defs, line) DEF_FILE *defs; char *line; { register BUILTIN_DESC *builtin; builtin = current_builtin ("(implied LONGDOC)", defs); remove_trailing_whitespace (line); if (!*line && !builtin->longdoc) return; if (!builtin->longdoc) builtin->longdoc = array_create (sizeof (char *)); array_add (line, builtin->longdoc); } /* How to handle the $BUILTIN directive. */ int builtin_handler (self, defs, arg) char *self, *arg; DEF_FILE *defs; { /* If we are already building a builtin, we cannot start a new one. */ if (building_builtin) return (line_error (defs, "%s found before $END", self)); output_cpp_line_info++; /* Get the name of this builtin, and stick it in the array. */ { BUILTIN_DESC *new; char *name; name = get_arg (self, defs, arg); /* If this is the first builtin, create the array to hold them. */ if (!defs->builtins) defs->builtins = array_create (sizeof (BUILTIN_DESC *)); new = (BUILTIN_DESC *)xmalloc (sizeof (BUILTIN_DESC)); new->name = name; new->function = (char *)NULL; new->shortdoc = (char *)NULL; new->docname = (char *)NULL; new->longdoc = (ARRAY *)NULL; new->dependencies = (ARRAY *)NULL; new->flags = 0; if (is_special_builtin (name)) new->flags |= BUILTIN_FLAG_SPECIAL; array_add ((char *)new, defs->builtins); building_builtin = 1; } return (0); } /* How to handle the $FUNCTION directive. */ int function_handler (self, defs, arg) char *self, *arg; DEF_FILE *defs; { register BUILTIN_DESC *builtin; builtin = current_builtin (self, defs); if (builtin->function) line_error (defs, "%s already has a function (%s)", builtin->name, builtin->function); else builtin->function = get_arg (self, defs, arg); return (0); } /* How to handle the $DOCNAME directive. */ int docname_handler (self, defs, arg) char *self, *arg; DEF_FILE *defs; { register BUILTIN_DESC *builtin; builtin = current_builtin (self, defs); if (builtin->docname) line_error (defs, "%s already had a docname (%s)", builtin->name, builtin->docname); else builtin->docname = get_arg (self, defs, arg); return (0); } /* How to handle the $SHORT_DOC directive. */ short_doc_handler (self, defs, arg) char *self, *arg; DEF_FILE *defs; { register BUILTIN_DESC *builtin; builtin = current_builtin (self, defs); if (builtin->shortdoc) line_error (defs, "%s already has short documentation (%s)", builtin->name, builtin->shortdoc); else builtin->shortdoc = get_arg (self, defs, arg); return (0); } /* How to handle the $COMMENT directive. */ comment_handler (self, defs) char *self; DEF_FILE *defs; { } /* How to handle the $DEPENDS_ON directive. */ depends_on_handler (self, defs, arg) char *self, *arg; DEF_FILE *defs; { register BUILTIN_DESC *builtin; char *dependent; builtin = current_builtin (self, defs); dependent = get_arg (self, defs, arg); if (!builtin->dependencies) builtin->dependencies = array_create (sizeof (char *)); array_add (dependent, builtin->dependencies); return (0); } /* How to handle the $PRODUCES directive. */ produces_handler (self, defs, arg) char *self, *arg; DEF_FILE *defs; { /* If just hacking documentation, don't change any of the production files. */ if (only_documentation) return (0); output_cpp_line_info++; if (defs->production) line_error (defs, "%s already has a %s definition", defs->filename, self); else { defs->production = get_arg (self, defs, arg); if (inhibit_production) return (0); defs->output = fopen (defs->production, "w"); if (!defs->output) file_error (defs->production); fprintf (defs->output, "/* %s, created from %s. */\n", defs->production, defs->filename); } return (0); } /* How to handle the $END directive. */ end_handler (self, defs, arg) char *self, *arg; DEF_FILE *defs; { must_be_building (self, defs); building_builtin = 0; } /* **************************************************************** */ /* */ /* Error Handling Functions */ /* */ /* **************************************************************** */ /* Produce an error for DEFS with FORMAT and ARGS. */ line_error (defs, format, arg1, arg2) DEF_FILE *defs; char *format, *arg1, *arg2; { if (defs->filename[0] != '/') fprintf (stderr, "%s", error_directory ? error_directory : "./"); fprintf (stderr, "%s:%d:", defs->filename, defs->line_number + 1); fprintf (stderr, format, arg1, arg2); fprintf (stderr, "\n"); fflush (stderr); } /* Print error message for FILENAME. */ file_error (filename) char *filename; { perror (filename); exit (2); } /* **************************************************************** */ /* */ /* xmalloc and xrealloc () */ /* */ /* **************************************************************** */ static void memory_error_and_abort (); static char * xmalloc (bytes) int bytes; { char *temp = (char *)malloc (bytes); if (!temp) memory_error_and_abort (); return (temp); } static char * xrealloc (pointer, bytes) char *pointer; int bytes; { char *temp; if (!pointer) temp = (char *)malloc (bytes); else temp = (char *)realloc (pointer, bytes); if (!temp) memory_error_and_abort (); return (temp); } static void memory_error_and_abort () { fprintf (stderr, "mkbuiltins: Out of virtual memory!\n"); abort (); } /* **************************************************************** */ /* */ /* Creating the Struct and Extern Files */ /* */ /* **************************************************************** */ /* Return a pointer to a newly allocated builtin which is an exact copy of BUILTIN. */ BUILTIN_DESC * copy_builtin (builtin) BUILTIN_DESC *builtin; { BUILTIN_DESC *new; new = (BUILTIN_DESC *)xmalloc (sizeof (BUILTIN_DESC)); new->name = savestring (builtin->name); new->shortdoc = savestring (builtin->shortdoc); new->longdoc = copy_string_array (builtin->longdoc); new->dependencies = copy_string_array (builtin->dependencies); new->function = builtin->function ? savestring (builtin->function) : (char *)NULL; new->docname = builtin->docname ? savestring (builtin->docname) : (char *)NULL; return (new); } /* How to save away a builtin. */ save_builtin (builtin) BUILTIN_DESC *builtin; { BUILTIN_DESC *newbuiltin; newbuiltin = copy_builtin (builtin); /* If this is the first builtin to be saved, create the array to hold it. */ if (!saved_builtins) saved_builtins = array_create (sizeof (BUILTIN_DESC *)); array_add ((char *)newbuiltin, saved_builtins); } /* Flags that mean something to write_documentation (). */ #define STRING_ARRAY 1 #define TEXINFO 2 char *structfile_header[] = { "/* builtins.c -- the built in shell commands. */", "", "/* This file is manufactured by ./mkbuiltins, and should not be", " edited by hand. See the source to mkbuiltins for details. */", "", "/* Copyright (C) 1987, 1991, 1992 Free Software Foundation, Inc.", "", " This file is part of GNU Bash, the Bourne Again SHell.", "", " Bash is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it", " under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by", " the Free Software Foundation; either version 1, or (at your option)", " any later version.", "", " Bash is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT", " ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY", " or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public", " License for more details.", "", " You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License", " along with Bash; see the file COPYING. If not, write to the Free", " Software Foundation, 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. */", "", "/* The list of shell builtins. Each element is name, function, enabled-p,", " long-doc, short-doc. The long-doc field contains a pointer to an array", " of help lines. The function takes a WORD_LIST *; the first word in the", " list is the first arg to the command. The list has already had word", " expansion performed.", "", " Functions which need to look at only the simple commands (e.g.", " the enable_builtin ()), should ignore entries where", " (array[i].function == (Function *)NULL). Such entries are for", " the list of shell reserved control structures, like `if' and `while'.", " The end of the list is denoted with a NULL name field. */", "", "#include \"../builtins.h\"", (char *)NULL }; char *structfile_footer[] = { " { (char *)0x0, (Function *)0x0, 0, (char **)0x0, (char *)0x0 }", "};", "", "int num_shell_builtins =", "\tsizeof (shell_builtins) / sizeof (struct builtin) - 1;", (char *)NULL }; /* Write out any neccessary opening information for STRUCTFILE and EXTERNFILE. */ write_file_headers (structfile, externfile) FILE *structfile, *externfile; { register int i; if (structfile) { for (i = 0; structfile_header[i]; i++) fprintf (structfile, "%s\n", structfile_header[i]); fprintf (structfile, "#include \"%s\"\n", extern_filename ? extern_filename : "builtext.h"); fprintf (structfile, "\nstruct builtin shell_builtins[] = {\n"); } if (externfile) fprintf (externfile, "/* %s - The list of builtins found in libbuiltins.a. */\n", extern_filename ? extern_filename : "builtext.h"); } /* Write out any necessary closing information for STRUCTFILE and EXTERNFILE. */ write_file_footers (structfile, externfile) FILE *structfile, *externfile; { register int i; /* Write out the footers. */ if (structfile) { for (i = 0; structfile_footer[i]; i++) fprintf (structfile, "%s\n", structfile_footer[i]); } } /* Write out the information accumulated in DEFS to STRUCTFILE and EXTERNFILE. */ write_builtins (defs, structfile, externfile) DEF_FILE *defs; FILE *structfile, *externfile; { register int i; /* Write out the information. */ if (defs->builtins) { register BUILTIN_DESC *builtin; for (i = 0; i < defs->builtins->sindex; i++) { builtin = (BUILTIN_DESC *)defs->builtins->array[i]; /* Write out any #ifdefs that may be there. */ if (!only_documentation) { if (builtin->dependencies) { if (builtin->function) write_ifdefs (externfile, builtin->dependencies->array); write_ifdefs (structfile, builtin->dependencies->array); } /* Write the extern definition. */ if (externfile) { if (builtin->function) fprintf (externfile, "extern int %s ();\n", builtin->function); fprintf (externfile, "extern char *%s_doc[];\n", builtin->docname ?builtin->docname : builtin->name); } /* Write the structure definition. */ if (structfile) { fprintf (structfile, " { \"%s\", ", builtin->name); if (builtin->function) fprintf (structfile, "%s, ", builtin->function); else fprintf (structfile, "(Function *)0x0, "); #define SPECIAL_FLAG_STRING "BUILTIN_ENABLED | STATIC_BUILTIN | SPECIAL_BUILTIN" #define NORMAL_FLAG_STRING "BUILTIN_ENABLED | STATIC_BUILTIN" fprintf (structfile, "%s, %s_doc,\n", (builtin->flags & BUILTIN_FLAG_SPECIAL) ? SPECIAL_FLAG_STRING : NORMAL_FLAG_STRING, builtin->docname ? builtin->docname : builtin->name); #undef SPECIAL_FLAG_STRING #undef NORMAL_FLAG_STRING fprintf (structfile, " \"%s\" },\n", builtin->shortdoc ? builtin->shortdoc : builtin->name); /* Save away this builtin for later writing of the long documentation strings. */ save_builtin (builtin); } /* Write out the matching #endif, if neccessary. */ if (builtin->dependencies) { if (externfile) write_endifs (externfile, builtin->dependencies->array); if (structfile) write_endifs (structfile, builtin->dependencies->array); } } if (documentation_file) { fprintf (documentation_file, "@item %s\n", builtin->name); write_documentation (documentation_file, builtin->longdoc->array, 0, TEXINFO); } } } } /* Write out the long documentation strings in BUILTINS to STREAM. */ write_longdocs (stream, builtins) FILE *stream; ARRAY *builtins; { register int i; register BUILTIN_DESC *builtin; for (i = 0; i < builtins->sindex; i++) { builtin = (BUILTIN_DESC *)builtins->array[i]; if (builtin->dependencies) write_ifdefs (stream, builtin->dependencies->array); /* Write the long documentation strings. */ fprintf (stream, "char *%s_doc[] =", builtin->docname ? builtin->docname : builtin->name); write_documentation (stream, builtin->longdoc->array, 0, STRING_ARRAY); if (builtin->dependencies) write_endifs (stream, builtin->dependencies->array); } } /* Write an #ifdef string saying what needs to be defined (or not defined) in order to allow compilation of the code that will follow. STREAM is the stream to write the information to, DEFINES is a null terminated array of define names. If a define is preceded by an `!', then the sense of the test is reversed. */ write_ifdefs (stream, defines) FILE *stream; char **defines; { register int i; if (!stream) return; fprintf (stream, "#if "); for (i = 0; defines[i]; i++) { char *def = defines[i]; if (*def == '!') fprintf (stream, "!defined (%s)", def + 1); else fprintf (stream, "defined (%s)", def); if (defines[i + 1]) fprintf (stream, " && "); } fprintf (stream, "\n"); } /* Write an #endif string saying what defines controlled the compilation of the immediately preceding code. STREAM is the stream to write the information to. DEFINES is a null terminated array of define names. */ write_endifs (stream, defines) FILE *stream; char **defines; { register int i; if (!stream) return; fprintf (stream, "#endif /* "); for (i = 0; defines[i]; i++) { fprintf (stream, "%s", defines[i]); if (defines[i + 1]) fprintf (stream, " && "); } fprintf (stream, " */\n"); } /* Write DOCUMENTAION to STREAM, perhaps surrounding it with double-quotes and quoting special characters in the string. */ write_documentation (stream, documentation, indentation, flags) FILE *stream; char **documentation; int indentation, flags; { register int i, j; register char *line; int string_array = (flags & STRING_ARRAY); /* Mutually exclusive. */ int texinfo = (flags & TEXINFO); if (!stream) return; if (string_array) fprintf (stream, " {\n"); #if !defined (OLDCODE) /* XXX -- clean me up; for experiment only */ if (no_long_document) goto end_of_document; #endif /* !OLDCODE */ for (i = 0; line = documentation[i]; i++) { /* Allow #ifdef's to be written out verbatim. */ if (*line == '#') { if (string_array) fprintf (stream, "%s\n", line); continue; } if (string_array) fprintf (stream, " \""); if (indentation) for (j = 0; j < indentation; j++) fprintf (stream, " "); if (string_array) { for (j = 0; line[j]; j++) { switch (line[j]) { case '\\': case '"': fprintf (stream, "\\%c", line[j]); break; default: fprintf (stream, "%c", line[j]); } } fprintf (stream, "\",\n"); } else if (texinfo) { for (j = 0; line[j]; j++) { switch (line[j]) { case '@': case '{': case '}': fprintf (stream, "@%c", line[j]); break; default: fprintf (stream, "%c", line[j]); } } fprintf (stream, "\n"); } else fprintf (stream, "%s\n", line); } #if !defined (OLDCODE) end_of_document: #endif /* !OLDCODE */ if (string_array) fprintf (stream, " (char *)NULL\n};\n"); } static int is_special_builtin (name) char *name; { register int i; for (i = 0; special_builtins[i]; i++) if (strcmp (name, special_builtins[i]) == 0) return 1; return 0; } bash-1.14.3/builtins/read.def 664 436 0 15577 5670713312 14142 0ustar chetwheelThis file is read.def, from which is created read.c. It implements the builtin "read" in Bash. Copyright (C) 1987, 1989, 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc. This file is part of GNU Bash, the Bourne Again SHell. Bash is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 1, or (at your option) any later version. Bash is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details. You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with Bash; see the file COPYING. If not, write to the Free Software Foundation, 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. $PRODUCES read.c $BUILTIN read $FUNCTION read_builtin $SHORT_DOC read [-r] [name ...] One line is read from the standard input, and the first word is assigned to the first NAME, the second word to the second NAME, etc. with leftover words assigned to the last NAME. Only the characters found in $IFS are recognized as word delimiters. The return code is zero, unless end-of-file is encountered. If the -r option is given, this signifies `raw' input, and backslash processing is disabled. $END #include #include "../shell.h" #include "common.h" #define issep(c) (strchr (ifs_chars, (c)) != (char *)0) static int stream_close (); extern int interrupt_immediately; /* Read the value of the shell variables whose names follow. The reading is done from the current input stream, whatever that may be. Successive words of the input line are assigned to the variables mentioned in LIST. The last variable in LIST gets the remainder of the words on the line. If no variables are mentioned in LIST, then the default variable is $REPLY. S. R. Bourne's shell complains if you don't name a variable to receive the stuff that is read. GNU's shell doesn't. This allows you to let the user type random things. */ read_builtin (list) WORD_LIST *list; { register char *varname; int size, c, i, fildes, raw_mode, pass_next, saw_escape, retval; char *input_string, *orig_input_string, *ifs_chars, *t; FILE *input_stream; SHELL_VAR *var; i = 0; /* Index into the string that we are reading. */ raw_mode = 0; /* Not reading raw input be default. */ while (list) { if (ISOPTION (list->word->word, 'r')) { raw_mode = 1; list = list->next; } else if (ISOPTION (list->word->word, '-')) { list = list->next; break; } else if (*list->word->word == '-') { bad_option (list->word->word); builtin_error ("usage: read [-r] [name ...]"); return (EX_USAGE); } else break; } /* We need unbuffered input from stdin. So we make a new stream with the same file descriptor as stdin, then unbuffer it. */ fildes = dup (fileno (stdin)); if (fildes == -1) return (EXECUTION_FAILURE); input_stream = fdopen (fildes, "r"); if (!input_stream) { close (fildes); return (EXECUTION_FAILURE); } var = find_variable ("IFS"); ifs_chars = var ? value_cell (var) : " \t\n"; input_string = xmalloc (size = 128); setbuf (input_stream, (char *)NULL); begin_unwind_frame ("read_builtin"); add_unwind_protect (xfree, input_string); add_unwind_protect (stream_close, input_stream); interrupt_immediately++; pass_next = 0; /* Non-zero signifies last char was backslash. */ saw_escape = 0; /* Non-zero signifies that we saw an escape char */ while ((c = getc (input_stream)) != EOF) { if (i + 2 >= size) input_string = xrealloc (input_string, size += 128); /* If the next character is to be accepted verbatim, a backslash newline pair still disappears from the input. */ if (pass_next) { if (c == '\n') i--; /* back up over the CTLESC */ else input_string[i++] = c; pass_next = 0; continue; } if (c == '\\' && !raw_mode) { pass_next++; saw_escape++; input_string[i++] = CTLESC; continue; } if (c == '\n') break; if (c == CTLESC || c == CTLNUL) input_string[i++] = CTLESC; input_string[i++] = c; } input_string[i] = '\0'; interrupt_immediately--; discard_unwind_frame ("read_builtin"); fclose (input_stream); if (c == EOF) { retval = EXECUTION_FAILURE; /* input_string[0] = '\0'; */ } else retval = EXECUTION_SUCCESS; if (!list) { if (saw_escape) { t = dequote_string (input_string); var = bind_variable ("REPLY", t); free (t); } else var = bind_variable ("REPLY", input_string); var->attributes &= ~att_invisible; free (input_string); } else { /* This code implements the Posix.2 spec for splitting the words read and assigning them to variables. If $IFS is unset, we use the default value of " \t\n". */ orig_input_string = input_string; /* Remove IFS white space at the beginning of the input string. If $IFS is null, no field splitting is performed. */ for (t = input_string; *ifs_chars && spctabnl (*t) && issep (*t); t++) ; input_string = t; for (; list->next; list = list->next) { char *e, *t1; varname = list->word->word; if (legal_identifier (varname) == 0) { builtin_error ("%s: not a legal variable name", varname); free (orig_input_string); return (EXECUTION_FAILURE); } /* If there are more variables than words read from the input, the remaining variables are set to the empty string. */ if (*input_string) { /* This call updates INPUT_STRING. */ t = get_word_from_string (&input_string, ifs_chars, &e); if (t) *e = '\0'; /* Don't bother to remove the CTLESC unless we added one somewhere while reading the string. */ if (t && saw_escape) { t1 = dequote_string (t); var = bind_variable (varname, t1); free (t1); } else var = bind_variable (varname, t); } else { t = (char *)0; var = bind_variable (varname, ""); } stupidly_hack_special_variables (varname); var->attributes &= ~att_invisible; if (t) free (t); } if (legal_identifier (list->word->word) == 0) { builtin_error ("%s: not a legal variable name", list->word->word); free (orig_input_string); return (EXECUTION_FAILURE); } if (saw_escape) { t = dequote_string (input_string); var = bind_variable (list->word->word, t); free (t); } else var = bind_variable (list->word->word, input_string); stupidly_hack_special_variables (list->word->word); var->attributes &= ~att_invisible; free (orig_input_string); } return (retval); } /* This way I don't have to know whether fclose () is a function or a macro. */ static int stream_close (file) FILE *file; { return (fclose (file)); } bash-1.14.3/builtins/reserved.def 644 436 0 14765 5672145326 15050 0ustar chetwheelThis file is reserved.def, in which the shell reserved words are defined. It has no direct C file production, but defines builtins for the Bash builtin help command. Copyright (C) 1987, 1989, 1991, 1992 Free Software Foundation, Inc. This file is part of GNU Bash, the Bourne Again SHell. Bash is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 1, or (at your option) any later version. Bash is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details. You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with Bash; see the file COPYING. If not, write to the Free Software Foundation, 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. $BUILTIN for $SHORT_DOC for NAME [in WORDS ... ;] do COMMANDS; done The `for' loop executes a sequence of commands for each member in a list of items. If `in WORDS ...;' is not present, then `in "$@"' is assumed. For each element in WORDS, NAME is set to that element, and the COMMANDS are executed. $END $BUILTIN select $SHORT_DOC select NAME [in WORDS ... ;] do COMMANDS; done The WORDS are expanded, generating a list of words. The set of expanded words is printed on the standard error, each preceded by a number. If `in WORDS' is not present, `in "$@"' is assumed. The PS3 prompt is then displayed and a line read from the standard input. If the line consists of the number corresponding to one of the displayed words, then NAME is set to that word. If the line is empty, WORDS and the prompt are redisplayed. If EOF is read, the command completes. Any other value read causes NAME to be set to null. The line read is saved in the variable REPLY. COMMANDS are executed after each selection until a break or return command is executed. $END $BUILTIN case $SHORT_DOC case WORD in [PATTERN [| PATTERN]...) COMMANDS ;;]... esac Selectively execute COMMANDS based upon WORD matching PATTERN. The `|' is used to separate multiple patterns. $END $BUILTIN if $SHORT_DOC if COMMANDS; then COMMANDS; [ elif COMMANDS; then COMMANDS; ]... [ else COMMANDS; ] fi The if COMMANDS are executed. If the exit status is zero, then the then COMMANDS are executed. Otherwise, each of the elif COMMANDS are executed in turn, and if the exit status is zero, the corresponding then COMMANDS are executed and the if command completes. Otherwise, the else COMMANDS are executed, if present. The exit status is the exit status of the last command executed, or zero if no condition tested true. $END $BUILTIN while $SHORT_DOC while COMMANDS; do COMMANDS; done Expand and execute COMMANDS as long as the final command in the `while' COMMANDS has an exit status of zero. $END $BUILTIN until $SHORT_DOC until COMMANDS; do COMMANDS; done Expand and execute COMMANDS as long as the final command in the `until' COMMANDS has an exit status which is not zero. $END $BUILTIN function $SHORT_DOC function NAME { COMMANDS ; } or NAME () { COMMANDS ; } Create a simple command invoked by NAME which runs COMMANDS. Arguments on the command line along with NAME are passed to the function as $0 .. $n. $END $BUILTIN { ... } $DOCNAME grouping_braces $SHORT_DOC { COMMANDS } Run a set of commands in a group. This is one way to redirect an entire set of commands. $END $BUILTIN % $DOCNAME fg_percent $SHORT_DOC %[DIGITS | WORD] [&] This is similar to the `fg' command. Resume a stopped or background job. If you specifiy DIGITS, then that job is used. If you specify WORD, then the job whose name begins with WORD is used. Following the job specification with a `&' places the job in the background. $END $BUILTIN variables $DOCNAME variable_help $SHORT_DOC variables - Some variable names and meanings BASH_VERSION The version numbers of this Bash. CDPATH A colon separated list of directories to search when the argument to `cd' is not found in the current directory. #if defined (HISTORY) HISTFILE The name of the file where your command history is stored. HISTFILESIZE The maximum number of lines this file can contain. HISTSIZE The maximum number of history lines that a running shell can access. #endif /* HISTORY */ HOME The complete pathname to your login directory. HOSTTYPE The type of CPU this version of Bash is running under. IGNOREEOF Controls the action of the shell on receipt of an EOF character as the sole input. If set, then the value of it is the number of EOF characters that can be seen in a row on an empty line before the shell will exit (default 10). When unset, EOF signifies the end of input. MAILCHECK How often, in seconds, Bash checks for new mail. MAILPATH A colon-separated list of filenames which Bash checks for new mail. PATH A colon-separated list of directories to search when looking for commands. PROMPT_COMMAND A command to be executed before the printing of each primary prompt. PS1 The primary prompt string. PS2 The secondary prompt string. TERM The name of the current terminal type. auto_resume Non-null means a command word appearing on a line by itself is first looked for in the list of currently stopped jobs. If found there, that job is foregrounded. A value of `exact' means that the command word must exactly match a command in the list of stopped jobs. A value of `substring' means that the command word must match a substring of the job. Any other value means that the command must be a prefix of a stopped job. #if defined (HISTORY) command_oriented_history Non-null means to save multiple-line commands together on a single history line. # if defined (BANG_HISTORY) histchars Characters controlling history expansion and quick substitution. The first character is the history substitution character, usually `!'. The second is the `quick substitution' character, usually `^'. The third is the `history comment' character, usually `#'. # endif /* BANG_HISTORY */ HISTCONTROL Set to a value of `ignorespace', it means don't enter lines which begin with a space or tab on the history list. Set to a value of `ignoredups', it means don't enter lines which match the last entered line. Set to `ignoreboth' means to combine the two options. Unset, or set to any other value than those above means to save all lines on the history list. #endif /* HISTORY */ $END bash-1.14.3/builtins/return.def 664 436 0 3266 5463513011 14510 0ustar chetwheelThis file is return.def, from which is created return.c. It implements the builtin "return" in Bash. Copyright (C) 1987, 1989, 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc. This file is part of GNU Bash, the Bourne Again SHell. Bash is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 1, or (at your option) any later version. Bash is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details. You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with Bash; see the file COPYING. If not, write to the Free Software Foundation, 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. $PRODUCES return.c $BUILTIN return $FUNCTION return_builtin $SHORT_DOC return [n] Causes a function to exit with the return value specified by N. If N is omitted, the return status is that of the last command. $END #include "../shell.h" extern int last_command_exit_value; extern int return_catch_flag, return_catch_value; extern jmp_buf return_catch; /* If we are executing a user-defined function then exit with the value specified as an argument. if no argument is given, then the last exit status is used. */ int return_builtin (list) WORD_LIST *list; { return_catch_value = get_numeric_arg (list); if (!list) return_catch_value = last_command_exit_value; if (return_catch_flag) longjmp (return_catch, 1); else { builtin_error ("Can only `return' from a function"); return (EXECUTION_FAILURE); } } bash-1.14.3/builtins/set.def 644 436 0 34257 5554034342 14014 0ustar chetwheelThis file is set.def, from which is created set.c. It implements the "set" and "unset" builtins in Bash. Copyright (C) 1987, 1989, 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc. This file is part of GNU Bash, the Bourne Again SHell. Bash is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 1, or (at your option) any later version. Bash is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details. You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with Bash; see the file COPYING. If not, write to the Free Software Foundation, 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. $PRODUCES set.c #include #include "../shell.h" #include "../flags.h" #include "bashgetopt.h" extern int interactive; extern int noclobber, no_brace_expansion, posixly_correct; #if defined (READLINE) extern int rl_editing_mode, no_line_editing; #endif /* READLINE */ #define USAGE_STRING "set [--abefhknotuvxldHCP] [-o option] [arg ...]" $BUILTIN set $FUNCTION set_builtin $SHORT_DOC set [--abefhknotuvxldHCP] [-o option] [arg ...] -a Mark variables which are modified or created for export. -b Notify of job termination immediately. -e Exit immediately if a command exits with a non-zero status. -f Disable file name generation (globbing). -h Locate and remember function commands as functions are defined. Function commands are normally looked up when the function is executed. -i Force the shell to be an "interactive" one. Interactive shells always read `~/.bashrc' on startup. -k All keyword arguments are placed in the environment for a command, not just those that precede the command name. -m Job control is enabled. -n Read commands but do not execute them. -o option-name Set the variable corresponding to option-name: allexport same as -a braceexpand the shell will perform brace expansion #if defined (READLINE) emacs use an emacs-style line editing interface #endif /* READLINE */ errexit same as -e histexpand same as -H ignoreeof the shell will not exit upon reading EOF interactive-comments allow comments to appear in interactive commands monitor same as -m noclobber disallow redirection to existing files noexec same as -n noglob same as -f nohash same as -d notify save as -b nounset same as -u physical same as -P posix change the behavior of bash where the default operation differs from the 1003.2 standard to match the standard privileged same as -p verbose same as -v #if defined (READLINE) vi use a vi-style line editing interface #endif /* READLINE */ xtrace same as -x -p Turned on whenever the real and effective user ids do not match. Disables processing of the $ENV file and importing of shell functions. Turning this option off causes the effective uid and gid to be set to the real uid and gid. -t Exit after reading and executing one command. -u Treat unset variables as an error when substituting. -v Print shell input lines as they are read. -x Print commands and their arguments as they are executed. -l Save and restore the binding of the NAME in a FOR command. -d Disable the hashing of commands that are looked up for execution. Normally, commands are remembered in a hash table, and once found, do not have to be looked up again. #if defined (BANG_HISTORY) -H Enable ! style history substitution. This flag is on by default. #endif /* BANG_HISTORY */ -C If set, disallow existing regular files to be overwritten by redirection of output. -P If set, do not follow symbolic links when executing commands such as cd which change the current directory. Using + rather than - causes these flags to be turned off. The flags can also be used upon invocation of the shell. The current set of flags may be found in $-. The remaining n ARGs are positional parameters and are assigned, in order, to $1, $2, .. $n. If no ARGs are given, all shell variables are printed. $END /* An a-list used to match long options for set -o to the corresponding option letter. */ struct { char *name; int letter; } o_options[] = { { "allexport", 'a' }, { "errexit", 'e' }, { "histexpand", 'H' }, { "monitor", 'm' }, { "noexec", 'n' }, { "noglob", 'f' }, { "nohash", 'd' }, #if defined (JOB_CONTROL) { "notify", 'b' }, #endif /* JOB_CONTROL */ {"nounset", 'u' }, {"physical", 'P' }, {"privileged", 'p' }, {"verbose", 'v' }, {"xtrace", 'x' }, {(char *)NULL, 0}, }; #define MINUS_O_FORMAT "%-15s\t%s\n" void list_minus_o_opts () { register int i; char *on = "on", *off = "off"; printf (MINUS_O_FORMAT, "braceexpand", (no_brace_expansion == 0) ? on : off); printf (MINUS_O_FORMAT, "noclobber", (noclobber == 1) ? on : off); if (find_variable ("ignoreeof") || find_variable ("IGNOREEOF")) printf (MINUS_O_FORMAT, "ignoreeof", on); else printf (MINUS_O_FORMAT, "ignoreeof", off); printf (MINUS_O_FORMAT, "interactive-comments", interactive_comments ? on : off); printf (MINUS_O_FORMAT, "posix", posixly_correct ? on : off); #if defined (READLINE) if (no_line_editing) { printf (MINUS_O_FORMAT, "emacs", off); printf (MINUS_O_FORMAT, "vi", off); } else { /* Magic. This code `knows' how readline handles rl_editing_mode. */ printf (MINUS_O_FORMAT, "emacs", (rl_editing_mode == 1) ? on : off); printf (MINUS_O_FORMAT, "vi", (rl_editing_mode == 0) ? on : off); } #endif /* READLINE */ for (i = 0; o_options[i].name; i++) { int *on_or_off, zero = 0; on_or_off = find_flag (o_options[i].letter); if (on_or_off == FLAG_UNKNOWN) on_or_off = &zero; printf (MINUS_O_FORMAT, o_options[i].name, (*on_or_off == 1) ? on : off); } } set_minus_o_option (on_or_off, option_name) int on_or_off; char *option_name; { int option_char = -1; if (STREQ (option_name, "braceexpand")) { if (on_or_off == FLAG_ON) no_brace_expansion = 0; else no_brace_expansion = 1; } else if (STREQ (option_name, "noclobber")) { if (on_or_off == FLAG_ON) bind_variable ("noclobber", ""); else unbind_variable ("noclobber"); stupidly_hack_special_variables ("noclobber"); } else if (STREQ (option_name, "ignoreeof")) { unbind_variable ("ignoreeof"); unbind_variable ("IGNOREEOF"); if (on_or_off == FLAG_ON) bind_variable ("IGNOREEOF", "10"); stupidly_hack_special_variables ("IGNOREEOF"); } #if defined (READLINE) else if ((STREQ (option_name, "emacs")) || (STREQ (option_name, "vi"))) { if (on_or_off == FLAG_ON) { rl_variable_bind ("editing-mode", option_name); if (interactive) with_input_from_stdin (); no_line_editing = 0; } else { int isemacs = (rl_editing_mode == 1); if ((isemacs && STREQ (option_name, "emacs")) || (!isemacs && STREQ (option_name, "vi"))) { if (interactive) with_input_from_stream (stdin, "stdin"); no_line_editing = 1; } else builtin_error ("not in %s editing mode", option_name); } } #endif /* READLINE */ else if (STREQ (option_name, "interactive-comments")) interactive_comments = (on_or_off == FLAG_ON); else if (STREQ (option_name, "posix")) { posixly_correct = (on_or_off == FLAG_ON); unbind_variable ("POSIXLY_CORRECT"); unbind_variable ("POSIX_PEDANTIC"); if (on_or_off == FLAG_ON) { bind_variable ("POSIXLY_CORRECT", ""); stupidly_hack_special_variables ("POSIXLY_CORRECT"); } } else { register int i; for (i = 0; o_options[i].name; i++) { if (STREQ (option_name, o_options[i].name)) { option_char = o_options[i].letter; break; } } if (option_char == -1) { builtin_error ("%s: unknown option name", option_name); return (EXECUTION_FAILURE); } if (change_flag (option_char, on_or_off) == FLAG_ERROR) { bad_option (option_name); return (EXECUTION_FAILURE); } } return (EXECUTION_SUCCESS); } /* Set some flags from the word values in the input list. If LIST is empty, then print out the values of the variables instead. If LIST contains non-flags, then set $1 - $9 to the successive words of LIST. */ set_builtin (list) WORD_LIST *list; { int on_or_off, flag_name, force_assignment = 0; if (!list) { SHELL_VAR **vars; vars = all_shell_variables (); if (vars) { print_var_list (vars); free (vars); } vars = all_shell_functions (); if (vars) { print_var_list (vars); free (vars); } return (EXECUTION_SUCCESS); } /* Check validity of flag arguments. */ if (*list->word->word == '-' || *list->word->word == '+') { register char *arg; WORD_LIST *save_list = list; while (list && (arg = list->word->word)) { char c; if (arg[0] != '-' && arg[0] != '+') break; /* `-' or `--' signifies end of flag arguments. */ if (arg[0] == '-' && (!arg[1] || (arg[1] == '-' && !arg[2]))) break; while (c = *++arg) { if (find_flag (c) == FLAG_UNKNOWN && c != 'o') { char s[2]; s[0] = c; s[1] = '\0'; bad_option (s); if (c == '?') printf ("usage: %s\n", USAGE_STRING); return (c == '?' ? EXECUTION_SUCCESS : EXECUTION_FAILURE); } } list = list->next; } list = save_list; } /* Do the set command. While the list consists of words starting with '-' or '+' treat them as flags, otherwise, start assigning them to $1 ... $n. */ while (list) { char *string = list->word->word; /* If the argument is `--' or `-' then signal the end of the list and remember the remaining arguments. */ if (string[0] == '-' && (!string[1] || (string[1] == '-' && !string[2]))) { list = list->next; /* `set --' unsets the positional parameters. */ if (string[1] == '-') force_assignment = 1; /* Until told differently, the old shell behaviour of `set - [arg ...]' being equivalent to `set +xv [arg ...]' stands. Posix.2 says the behaviour is marked as obsolescent. */ else { change_flag ('x', '+'); change_flag ('v', '+'); } break; } if ((on_or_off = *string) && (on_or_off == '-' || on_or_off == '+')) { int i = 1; while (flag_name = string[i++]) { if (flag_name == '?') { printf ("usage: %s\n", USAGE_STRING); return (EXECUTION_SUCCESS); } else if (flag_name == 'o') /* -+o option-name */ { char *option_name; WORD_LIST *opt; opt = list->next; if (!opt) { list_minus_o_opts (); continue; } option_name = opt->word->word; if (!option_name || !*option_name || (*option_name == '-')) { list_minus_o_opts (); continue; } list = list->next; /* Skip over option name. */ if (set_minus_o_option (on_or_off, option_name) != EXECUTION_SUCCESS) return (EXECUTION_FAILURE); } else { if (change_flag (flag_name, on_or_off) == FLAG_ERROR) { char opt[3]; opt[0] = on_or_off; opt[1] = flag_name; opt[2] = '\0'; bad_option (opt); return (EXECUTION_FAILURE); } } } } else { break; } list = list->next; } /* Assigning $1 ... $n */ if (list || force_assignment) remember_args (list, 1); return (EXECUTION_SUCCESS); } $BUILTIN unset $FUNCTION unset_builtin $SHORT_DOC unset [-f] [-v] [name ...] For each NAME, remove the corresponding variable or function. Given the `-v', unset will only act on variables. Given the `-f' flag, unset will only act on functions. With neither flag, unset first tries to unset a variable, and if that fails, then tries to unset a function. Some variables (such as PATH and IFS) cannot be unset; also see readonly. $END unset_builtin (list) WORD_LIST *list; { int unset_function = 0, unset_variable = 0, opt; int any_failed = 0; char *name; reset_internal_getopt (); while ((opt = internal_getopt (list, "fv")) != -1) { switch (opt) { case 'f': unset_function = 1; break; case 'v': unset_variable = 1; break; default: return (EXECUTION_FAILURE); } } list = loptend; if (unset_function && unset_variable) { builtin_error ("cannot simultaneously unset a function and a variable"); return (EXECUTION_FAILURE); } while (list) { name = list->word->word; if (!unset_function && find_name_in_list (name, non_unsettable_vars) > -1) { builtin_error ("%s: cannot unset", name); any_failed++; } else { SHELL_VAR *var; int tem; var = unset_function ? find_function (name) : find_variable (name); /* Posix.2 says that unsetting readonly variables is an error. */ if (var && readonly_p (var)) { builtin_error ("%s: cannot unset: readonly %s", name, unset_function ? "function" : "variable"); any_failed++; list = list->next; continue; } /* Unless the -f option is supplied, the name refers to a variable. */ tem = makunbound (name, unset_function ? shell_functions : shell_variables); /* This is what Posix.2 draft 11+ says. ``If neither -f nor -v is specified, the name refers to a variable; if a variable by that name does not exist, a function by that name, if any, shall be unset.'' */ if ((tem == -1) && !unset_function && !unset_variable) tem = makunbound (name, shell_functions); if (tem == -1) any_failed++; else if (!unset_function) stupidly_hack_special_variables (name); } list = list->next; } if (any_failed) return (EXECUTION_FAILURE); else return (EXECUTION_SUCCESS); } bash-1.14.3/builtins/setattr.def 644 436 0 14617 5670713214 14706 0ustar chetwheelThis file is setattr.def, from which is created setattr.c. It implements the builtins "export" and "readonly", in Bash. Copyright (C) 1987, 1989, 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc. This file is part of GNU Bash, the Bourne Again SHell. Bash is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 1, or (at your option) any later version. Bash is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details. You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with Bash; see the file COPYING. If not, write to the Free Software Foundation, 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. $PRODUCES setattr.c #include "../shell.h" #include "common.h" #include "bashgetopt.h" extern int array_needs_making; extern char *this_command_name; $BUILTIN export $FUNCTION export_builtin $SHORT_DOC export [-n] [-f] [name ...] or export -p NAMEs are marked for automatic export to the environment of subsequently executed commands. If the -f option is given, the NAMEs refer to functions. If no NAMEs are given, or if `-p' is given, a list of all names that are exported in this shell is printed. An argument of `-n' says to remove the export property from subsequent NAMEs. An argument of `--' disables further option processing. $END /* For each variable name in LIST, make that variable appear in the environment passed to simple commands. If there is no LIST, then print all such variables. An argument of `-n' says to remove the exported attribute from variables named in LIST. An argument of -f indicates that the names present in LIST refer to functions. */ export_builtin (list) register WORD_LIST *list; { return (set_or_show_attributes (list, att_exported)); } $BUILTIN readonly $FUNCTION readonly_builtin $SHORT_DOC readonly [-n] [-f] [name ...] or readonly -p The given NAMEs are marked readonly and the values of these NAMEs may not be changed by subsequent assignment. If the -f option is given, then functions corresponding to the NAMEs are so marked. If no arguments are given, or if `-p' is given, a list of all readonly names is printed. An argument of `-n' says to remove the readonly property from subsequent NAMEs. An argument of `--' disables further option processing. $END /* For each variable name in LIST, make that variable readonly. Given an empty LIST, print out all existing readonly variables. */ readonly_builtin (list) register WORD_LIST *list; { return (set_or_show_attributes (list, att_readonly)); } /* For each variable name in LIST, make that variable have the specified ATTRIBUTE. An arg of `-n' says to remove the attribute from the the remaining names in LIST. */ int set_or_show_attributes (list, attribute) register WORD_LIST *list; int attribute; { register SHELL_VAR *var; int assign, undo = 0, functions_only = 0, any_failed = 0, opt; /* Read arguments from the front of the list. */ reset_internal_getopt (); while ((opt = internal_getopt (list, "nfp")) != -1) { switch (opt) { case 'n': undo = 1; break; case 'f': functions_only = 1; break; case 'p': break; default: builtin_error ("usage: %s [-nfp] [varname]", this_command_name); return (EX_USAGE); } } list = loptend; if (list) { if (attribute & att_exported) array_needs_making = 1; /* Cannot undo readonly status. */ if (undo && (attribute & att_readonly)) attribute &= ~att_readonly; while (list) { register char *name = list->word->word; if (functions_only) { var = find_function (name); if (!var) { builtin_error ("%s: not a function", name); any_failed++; } else { if (undo) var->attributes &= ~attribute; else var->attributes |= attribute; } list = list->next; if (attribute == att_exported) array_needs_making++; continue; } assign = assignment (name); if (assign) name[assign] = '\0'; if (legal_identifier (name) == 0) { builtin_error ("%s: not a legal variable name", name); any_failed++; list = list->next; continue; } if (assign) { name[assign] = '='; /* This word has already been expanded once with command and parameter expansion. Call do_assignment_no_expand (), which does not do command or parameter substitution. */ do_assignment_no_expand (name); name[assign] = '\0'; } if (undo) { var = find_variable (name); if (var) var->attributes &= ~attribute; } else { SHELL_VAR *find_tempenv_variable (), *tv; if (tv = find_tempenv_variable (name)) { var = bind_variable (tv->name, tv->value); dispose_variable (tv); } else var = find_variable (name); if (!var) { var = bind_variable (name, (char *)NULL); var->attributes |= att_invisible; } var->attributes |= attribute; } array_needs_making++; /* XXX */ list = list->next; } } else { SHELL_VAR **variable_list; register int i; if ((attribute & att_function) || functions_only) { variable_list = all_shell_functions (); if (attribute != att_function) attribute &= ~att_function; /* so declare -xf works, for example */ } else variable_list = all_shell_variables (); if (variable_list) { for (i = 0; var = variable_list[i]; i++) { if ((var->attributes & attribute) && !invisible_p (var)) { char flags[6]; flags[0] = '\0'; if (exported_p (var)) strcat (flags, "x"); if (readonly_p (var)) strcat (flags, "r"); if (function_p (var)) strcat (flags, "f"); if (integer_p (var)) strcat (flags, "i"); if (flags[0]) { printf ("declare -%s ", flags); if (!function_p (var)) { char *x = double_quote (value_cell (var)); printf ("%s=%s\n", var->name, x); free (x); } else { char *named_function_string (); printf ("%s\n", named_function_string (var->name, function_cell (var), 1)); } } } } free (variable_list); } } return (any_failed == 0 ? EXECUTION_SUCCESS : EXECUTION_FAILURE); } bash-1.14.3/builtins/shift.def 664 436 0 4617 5670715055 14323 0ustar chetwheelThis file is shift.def, from which is created shift.c. It implements the builtin "shift" in Bash. Copyright (C) 1987, 1989, 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc. This file is part of GNU Bash, the Bourne Again SHell. Bash is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 1, or (at your option) any later version. Bash is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details. You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with Bash; see the file COPYING. If not, write to the Free Software Foundation, 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. $PRODUCES shift.c #if defined (HAVE_STRING_H) # include #else /* !HAVE_STRING_H */ # include #endif /* !HAVE_STRING_H */ #include "../shell.h" $BUILTIN shift $FUNCTION shift_builtin $SHORT_DOC shift [n] The positional parameters from $N+1 ... are renamed to $1 ... If N is not given, it is assumed to be 1. $END /* Shift the arguments ``left''. Shift DOLLAR_VARS down then take one off of REST_OF_ARGS and place it into DOLLAR_VARS[9]. If LIST has anything in it, it is a number which says where to start the shifting. Return > 0 if `times' > $#, otherwise 0. */ int shift_builtin (list) WORD_LIST *list; { int times, number; WORD_LIST *args; times = get_numeric_arg (list); if (!times) return (EXECUTION_SUCCESS); if (times < 0) { builtin_error ("shift count must be >= 0"); return (EXECUTION_FAILURE); } args = list_rest_of_args (); number = list_length (args); dispose_words (args); if (times > number) { builtin_error ("shift count must be <= $#"); return (EXECUTION_FAILURE); } while (times-- > 0) { register int count; if (dollar_vars[1]) free (dollar_vars[1]); for (count = 1; count < 9; count++) dollar_vars[count] = dollar_vars[count + 1]; if (rest_of_args) { WORD_LIST *temp = rest_of_args; dollar_vars[9] = savestring (temp->word->word); rest_of_args = rest_of_args->next; temp->next = (WORD_LIST *)NULL; dispose_words (temp); } else dollar_vars[9] = (char *)NULL; } return (EXECUTION_SUCCESS); } bash-1.14.3/builtins/source.def 644 436 0 12161 5670672447 14524 0ustar chetwheelThis file is source.def, from which is created source.c. It implements the builtins "." and "source" in Bash. Copyright (C) 1987, 1989, 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc. This file is part of GNU Bash, the Bourne Again SHell. Bash is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 1, or (at your option) any later version. Bash is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details. You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with Bash; see the file COPYING. If not, write to the Free Software Foundation, 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. $PRODUCES source.c $BUILTIN source $FUNCTION source_builtin $SHORT_DOC source filename Read and execute commands from FILENAME and return. The pathnames in $PATH are used to find the directory containing FILENAME. $END $BUILTIN . $DOCNAME dot $FUNCTION source_builtin $SHORT_DOC . filename Read and execute commands from FILENAME and return. The pathnames in $PATH are used to find the directory containing FILENAME. $END /* source.c - Implements the `.' and `source' builtins. */ #include #include #include #if defined (HAVE_STRING_H) # include #else /* !HAVE_STRING_H */ # include #endif /* !HAVE_STRING_H */ #include "../shell.h" #include "../posixstat.h" #include "../filecntl.h" #include "../execute_cmd.h" /* Not all systems declare ERRNO in errno.h... and some systems #define it! */ #if !defined (errno) extern int errno; #endif /* !errno */ /* Variables used here but defined in other files. */ extern int return_catch_flag, return_catch_value; extern jmp_buf return_catch; extern int posixly_correct; extern int interactive, interactive_shell, last_command_exit_value; /* How many `levels' of sourced files we have. */ int sourcelevel = 0; /* If this . script is supplied arguments, we save the dollar vars and replace them with the script arguments for the duration of the script's execution. If the script does not change the dollar vars, we restore what we saved. If the dollar vars are changed in the script, we leave the new values alone and free the saved values. */ static void maybe_pop_dollar_vars () { if (dollar_vars_changed ()) { dispose_saved_dollar_vars (); set_dollar_vars_unchanged (); } else pop_dollar_vars (); } /* Read and execute commands from the file passed as argument. Guess what. This cannot be done in a subshell, since things like variable assignments take place in there. So, I open the file, place it into a large string, close the file, and then execute the string. */ source_builtin (list) WORD_LIST *list; { int result, return_val; /* Assume the best. */ result = EXECUTION_SUCCESS; if (list) { char *string, *filename; struct stat finfo; int fd, tt; filename = find_path_file (list->word->word); if (!filename) filename = savestring (list->word->word); if (((fd = open (filename, O_RDONLY)) < 0) || (fstat (fd, &finfo) < 0)) goto file_error_exit; string = (char *)xmalloc (1 + (int)finfo.st_size); tt = read (fd, string, finfo.st_size); string[finfo.st_size] = '\0'; /* Close the open file, preserving the state of errno. */ { int temp = errno; close (fd); errno = temp; } if (tt != finfo.st_size) { free (string); file_error_exit: file_error (filename); free (filename); /* POSIX shells exit if non-interactive and file error. */ if (posixly_correct && !interactive_shell) { last_command_exit_value = 1; longjmp (top_level, EXITPROG); } return (EXECUTION_FAILURE); } if (tt > 80) tt = 80; if (check_binary_file ((unsigned char *)string, tt)) { free (string); builtin_error ("%s: cannot execute binary file", filename); free (filename); return (EX_BINARY_FILE); } begin_unwind_frame ("File Sourcing"); if (list->next) { push_dollar_vars (); add_unwind_protect ((Function *)maybe_pop_dollar_vars, (char *)NULL); remember_args (list->next, 1); } unwind_protect_int (return_catch_flag); unwind_protect_jmp_buf (return_catch); unwind_protect_int (interactive); unwind_protect_int (sourcelevel); add_unwind_protect ((Function *)xfree, filename); interactive = 0; sourcelevel++; set_dollar_vars_unchanged (); return_catch_flag++; return_val = setjmp (return_catch); if (return_val) parse_and_execute_cleanup (); else result = parse_and_execute (string, filename, -1); run_unwind_frame ("File Sourcing"); /* If RETURN_VAL is non-zero, then we return the value given to return_builtin (), since that is how we got here. */ if (return_val) result = return_catch_value; } else { builtin_error ("filename argument required"); result = EXECUTION_FAILURE; } return (result); } bash-1.14.3/builtins/suspend.def 644 436 0 4454 5622433102 14647 0ustar chetwheelThis file is suspend.def, from which is created suspend.c. It implements the builtin "suspend" in Bash. Copyright (C) 1987, 1989, 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc. This file is part of GNU Bash, the Bourne Again SHell. Bash is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 1, or (at your option) any later version. Bash is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details. You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with Bash; see the file COPYING. If not, write to the Free Software Foundation, 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. $PRODUCES suspend.c $BUILTIN suspend $DEPENDS_ON JOB_CONTROL $FUNCTION suspend_builtin $SHORT_DOC suspend [-f] Suspend the execution of this shell until it receives a SIGCONT signal. The `-f' if specified says not to complain about this being a login shell if it is; just suspend anyway. $END #include #include #include "../shell.h" #include "../jobs.h" #if defined (JOB_CONTROL) extern int job_control; static SigHandler *old_cont, *old_tstp; /* Continue handler. */ sighandler suspend_continue (sig) int sig; { set_signal_handler (SIGCONT, old_cont); set_signal_handler (SIGTSTP, old_tstp); #if !defined (VOID_SIGHANDLER) return (0); #endif /* !VOID_SIGHANDLER */ } /* Suspending the shell. If -f is the arg, then do the suspend no matter what. Otherwise, complain if a login shell. */ int suspend_builtin (list) WORD_LIST *list; { if (!job_control) { builtin_error ("Cannot suspend a shell without job control"); return (EXECUTION_FAILURE); } if (list) if (strcmp (list->word->word, "-f") == 0) goto do_suspend; no_args (list); if (login_shell) { builtin_error ("Can't suspend a login shell"); return (EXECUTION_FAILURE); } do_suspend: old_cont = (SigHandler *)set_signal_handler (SIGCONT, suspend_continue); old_tstp = (SigHandler *)set_signal_handler (SIGTSTP, SIG_DFL); killpg (shell_pgrp, SIGTSTP); return (EXECUTION_SUCCESS); } #endif /* JOB_CONTROL */ bash-1.14.3/builtins/test.def 664 436 0 11214 5526506704 14173 0ustar chetwheelThis file is test.def, from which is created test.c. It implements the builtin "test" in Bash. Copyright (C) 1987, 1989, 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc. This file is part of GNU Bash, the Bourne Again SHell. Bash is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 1, or (at your option) any later version. Bash is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details. You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with Bash; see the file COPYING. If not, write to the Free Software Foundation, 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. $PRODUCES test.c $BUILTIN test $FUNCTION test_builtin $SHORT_DOC test [expr] Exits with a status of 0 (trueness) or 1 (falseness) depending on the evaluation of EXPR. Expressions may be unary or binary. Unary expressions are often used to examine the status of a file. There are string operators as well, and numeric comparison operators. File operators: -b FILE True if file is block special. -c FILE True if file is character special. -d FILE True if file is a directory. -e FILE True if file exists. -f FILE True if file exists and is a regular file. -g FILE True if file is set-group-id. -h FILE True if file is a symbolic link. Use "-L". -L FILE True if file is a symbolic link. -k FILE True if file has its "sticky" bit set. -p FILE True if file is a named pipe. -r FILE True if file is readable by you. -s FILE True if file is not empty. -S FILE True if file is a socket. -t FD True if FD is opened on a terminal. -u FILE True if the file is set-user-id. -w FILE True if the file is writable by you. -x FILE True if the file is executable by you. -O FILE True if the file is effectively owned by you. -G FILE True if the file is effectively owned by your group. FILE1 -nt FILE2 True if file1 is newer than (according to modification date) file2. FILE1 -ot FILE2 True if file1 is older than file2. FILE1 -ef FILE2 True if file1 is a hard link to file2. String operators: -z STRING True if string is empty. -n STRING or STRING True if string is not empty. STRING1 = STRING2 True if the strings are equal. STRING1 != STRING2 True if the strings are not equal. Other operators: ! EXPR True if expr is false. EXPR1 -a EXPR2 True if both expr1 AND expr2 are true. EXPR1 -o EXPR2 True if either expr1 OR expr2 is true. arg1 OP arg2 Arithmetic tests. OP is one of -eq, -ne, -lt, -le, -gt, or -ge. Arithmetic binary operators return true if ARG1 is equal, not-equal, less-than, less-than-or-equal, greater-than, or greater-than-or-equal than ARG2. $END $BUILTIN [ $DOCNAME test_bracket $FUNCTION test_builtin $SHORT_DOC [ arg... ] This is a synonym for the "test" shell builtin, excepting that the last argument must be literally `]', to match the `[' which invoked the test. $END #if defined (HAVE_STRING_H) # include #else /* !HAVE_STRING_H */ # include #endif /* !HAVE_STRING_H */ #include "../shell.h" extern char *this_command_name; /* TEST/[ builtin. */ int test_builtin (list) WORD_LIST *list; { char **argv; int argc, result; WORD_LIST *t = list; /* We let Matthew Bradburn and Kevin Braunsdorf's code do the actual test command. So turn the list of args into an array of strings, since that is what his code wants. */ if (!list) { if (this_command_name[0] == '[' && !this_command_name[1]) builtin_error ("missing `]'"); return (EXECUTION_FAILURE); } /* Get the length of the argument list. */ for (argc = 0; t; t = t->next, argc++); /* Account for argv[0] being a command name. This makes our life easier. */ argc++; argv = (char **)xmalloc ((1 + argc) * sizeof (char *)); argv[argc] = (char *)NULL; /* this_command_name is the name of the command that invoked this function. So you can't call test_builtin () directly from within this code, there are too many things to worry about. */ argv[0] = savestring (this_command_name); for (t = list, argc = 1; t; t = t->next, argc++) argv[argc] = savestring (t->word->word); result = test_command (argc, argv); free_array (argv); return (result); } bash-1.14.3/builtins/times.def 644 436 0 5311 5563706440 14314 0ustar chetwheelThis file is times.def, from which is created times.c. It implements the builtin "times" in Bash. Copyright (C) 1987, 1989, 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc. This file is part of GNU Bash, the Bourne Again SHell. Bash is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 1, or (at your option) any later version. Bash is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details. You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with Bash; see the file COPYING. If not, write to the Free Software Foundation, 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. $PRODUCES times.c $BUILTIN times $FUNCTION times_builtin $SHORT_DOC times Print the accumulated user and system times for processes run from the shell. $END #include "../shell.h" #include #if defined (hpux) || defined (USGr4) || defined (XD88) || defined (USGr3) # undef HAVE_RESOURCE #endif /* hpux || USGr4 || XD88 || USGr3 */ #if defined (_POSIX_VERSION) || !defined (HAVE_RESOURCE) # include #else /* !_POSIX_VERSION && HAVE_RESOURCE */ # include # include #endif /* !_POSIX_VERSION && HAVE_RESOURCE */ /* Print the totals for system and user time used. The information comes from variables in jobs.c used to keep track of this stuff. */ times_builtin (list) WORD_LIST *list; { #if !defined (_POSIX_VERSION) && defined (HAVE_RESOURCE) && defined (RUSAGE_SELF) struct rusage self, kids; getrusage (RUSAGE_SELF, &self); getrusage (RUSAGE_CHILDREN, &kids); /* terminated child processes */ print_timeval (&self.ru_utime); putchar (' '); print_timeval (&self.ru_stime); putchar ('\n'); print_timeval (&kids.ru_utime); putchar (' '); print_timeval (&kids.ru_stime); putchar ('\n'); #else /* _POSIX_VERSION || !HAVE_RESOURCE || !RUSAGE_SELF */ # if !defined (BrainDeath) struct tms t; times (&t); /* As of System V.3, HP-UX 6.5, and other ATT-like systems, this stuff is returned in terms of clock ticks (HZ from sys/param.h). C'mon, guys. This kind of stupid clock-dependent stuff is exactly the reason 4.2BSD introduced the `timeval' struct. */ print_time_in_hz (t.tms_utime); putchar (' '); print_time_in_hz (t.tms_stime); putchar ('\n'); print_time_in_hz (t.tms_cutime); putchar (' '); print_time_in_hz (t.tms_cstime); putchar ('\n'); # endif /* BrainDeath */ #endif /* _POSIX_VERSION || !HAVE_RESOURCE || !RUSAGE_SELF */ return (EXECUTION_SUCCESS); } bash-1.14.3/builtins/trap.def 664 436 0 11656 5535440303 14164 0ustar chetwheelThis file is trap.def, from which is created trap.c. It implements the builtin "trap" in Bash. Copyright (C) 1987, 1989, 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc. This file is part of GNU Bash, the Bourne Again SHell. Bash is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 1, or (at your option) any later version. Bash is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details. You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with Bash; see the file COPYING. If not, write to the Free Software Foundation, 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. $PRODUCES trap.c $BUILTIN trap $FUNCTION trap_builtin $SHORT_DOC trap [arg] [signal_spec] The command ARG is to be read and executed when the shell receives signal(s) SIGNAL_SPEC. If ARG is absent all specified signals are reset to their original values. If ARG is the null string this signal is ignored by the shell and by the commands it invokes. If SIGNAL_SPEC is EXIT (0) the command ARG is executed on exit from the shell. The trap command with no arguments prints the list of commands associated with each signal number. SIGNAL_SPEC is either a signal name in , or a signal number. The syntax `trap -l' prints a list of signal names and their corresponding numbers. Note that a signal can be sent to the shell with "kill -signal $$". $END #include #include #include "../shell.h" #include "../trap.h" #include "common.h" /* The trap command: trap trap trap -l trap [--] Set things up so that ARG is executed when SIGNAL(s) N is recieved. If ARG is the empty string, then ignore the SIGNAL(s). If there is no ARG, then set the trap for SIGNAL(s) to its original value. Just plain "trap" means to print out the list of commands associated with each signal number. Single arg of "-l" means list the signal names. */ /* Possible operations to perform on the list of signals.*/ #define SET 0 /* Set this signal to first_arg. */ #define REVERT 1 /* Revert to this signals original value. */ #define IGNORE 2 /* Ignore this signal. */ extern int interactive; trap_builtin (list) WORD_LIST *list; { register int i; int list_signal_names = 0; while (list) { if (ISOPTION (list->word->word, 'l')) { list_signal_names++; list = list->next; } else if (ISOPTION (list->word->word, '-')) { list = list->next; break; } else if ((*list->word->word == '-') && list->word->word[1]) { bad_option (list->word->word); builtin_error ("usage: trap [-l] [arg] [sigspec]"); return (EX_USAGE); } else break; } if (list_signal_names) { int column = 0; for (i = 0; i < NSIG; i++) { printf ("%2d) %s", i, signal_name (i)); if (++column < 4) printf ("\t"); else { printf ("\n"); column = 0; } } if (column != 0) printf ("\n"); return (EXECUTION_SUCCESS); } if (list) { char *first_arg = list->word->word; int operation = SET, any_failed = 0; if (signal_object_p (first_arg)) operation = REVERT; else { list = list->next; if (*first_arg == '\0') operation = IGNORE; else if (first_arg[0] == '-' && !first_arg[1]) operation = REVERT; } while (list) { int sig; sig = decode_signal (list->word->word); if (sig == NO_SIG) { builtin_error ("%s: not a signal specification", list->word->word); any_failed++; } else { switch (operation) { case SET: set_signal (sig, first_arg); break; case REVERT: restore_default_signal (sig); /* Signals that the shell treats specially need special handling. */ switch (sig) { case SIGINT: if (interactive) signal (SIGINT, sigint_sighandler); else signal (SIGINT, termination_unwind_protect); break; case SIGQUIT: /* Always ignore SIGQUIT. */ signal (SIGQUIT, SIG_IGN); break; case SIGTERM: #if defined (JOB_CONTROL) case SIGTTIN: case SIGTTOU: case SIGTSTP: #endif /* JOB_CONTROL */ if (interactive) signal (sig, SIG_IGN); break; } break; case IGNORE: ignore_signal (sig); break; } } list = list->next; } return ((!any_failed) ? EXECUTION_SUCCESS : EXECUTION_FAILURE); } for (i = 0; i < NSIG; i++) { char *t, *p; p = trap_list[i]; if (p == (char *)DEFAULT_SIG) continue; t = (p == (char *)IGNORE_SIG) ? (char *)NULL : single_quote (p); printf ("trap -- %s %s\n", t ? t : "''", signal_name (i)); if (t) free (t); } return (EXECUTION_SUCCESS); } bash-1.14.3/builtins/type.def 664 436 0 17134 5535440400 14172 0ustar chetwheelThis file is type.def, from which is created type.c. It implements the builtin "type" in Bash. Copyright (C) 1987, 1989, 1991, 1992 Free Software Foundation, Inc. This file is part of GNU Bash, the Bourne Again SHell. Bash is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 1, or (at your option) any later version. Bash is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details. You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with Bash; see the file COPYING. If not, write to the Free Software Foundation, 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. $PRODUCES type.c $BUILTIN type $FUNCTION type_builtin $SHORT_DOC type [-all] [-type | -path] [name ...] For each NAME, indicate how it would be interpreted if used as a command name. If the -type flag is used, returns a single word which is one of `alias', `keyword', `function', `builtin', `file' or `', if NAME is an alias, shell reserved word, shell function, shell builtin, disk file, or unfound, respectively. If the -path flag is used, either returns the name of the disk file that would be exec'ed, or nothing if -type wouldn't return `file'. If the -all flag is used, displays all of the places that contain an executable named `file'. This includes aliases and functions, if and only if the -path flag is not also used. $END #include #include #include "../posixstat.h" #include "../shell.h" #include "../execute_cmd.h" #if defined (ALIAS) #include "../alias.h" #endif /* ALIAS */ #include "common.h" extern STRING_INT_ALIST word_token_alist[]; /* For each word in LIST, find out what the shell is going to do with it as a simple command. i.e., which file would this shell use to execve, or if it is a builtin command, or an alias. Possible flag arguments: -type Returns the "type" of the object, one of `alias', `keyword', `function', `builtin', or `file'. -path Returns the pathname of the file if -type is a file. -all Returns all occurrences of words, whether they be a filename in the path, alias, function, or builtin. Order of evaluation: alias keyword function builtin file */ type_builtin (list) WORD_LIST *list; { int path_only, type_only, all, verbose; int successful_finds; path_only = type_only = all = 0; successful_finds = 0; if (!list) return (EXECUTION_SUCCESS); while (list && *(list->word->word) == '-') { char *flag = &(list->word->word[1]); if (flag[0] == 't' && (!flag[1] || strcmp (flag + 1, "ype") == 0)) { type_only = 1; path_only = 0; } else if (flag[0] == 'p' && (!flag[1] || strcmp (flag + 1, "ath") == 0)) { path_only = 1; type_only = 0; } else if (flag[0] == 'a' && (!flag[1] || strcmp (flag + 1, "ll") == 0)) { all = 1; } else { bad_option (flag); builtin_error ("usage: type [-all | -path | -type ] name [name ...]"); return (EX_USAGE); } list = list->next; } if (type_only) verbose = 1; else if (!path_only) verbose = 2; else if (path_only) verbose = 3; else verbose = 0; while (list) { int found; found = describe_command (list->word->word, verbose, all); if (!found && !path_only && !type_only) builtin_error ("%s: not found", list->word->word); successful_finds += found; list = list->next; } fflush (stdout); if (successful_finds != 0) return (EXECUTION_SUCCESS); else return (EXECUTION_FAILURE); } /* * Describe COMMAND as required by the type builtin. * * If VERBOSE == 0, don't print anything * If VERBOSE == 1, print short description as for `type -t' * If VERBOSE == 2, print long description as for `type' and `command -V' * If VERBOSE == 3, print path name only for disk files * If VERBOSE == 4, print string used to invoke COMMAND, for `command -v' * * ALL says whether or not to look for all occurrences of COMMAND, or * return after finding it once. */ describe_command (command, verbose, all) char *command; int verbose, all; { int found = 0, i, found_file = 0; char *full_path = (char *)NULL; SHELL_VAR *func; #if defined (ALIAS) /* Command is an alias? */ ASSOC *alias = find_alias (command); if (alias) { if (verbose == 1) printf ("alias\n"); else if (verbose == 2) printf ("%s is aliased to `%s'\n", command, alias->value); else if (verbose == 4) { char *x = single_quote (alias->value); printf ("alias %s=%s\n", command, x); free (x); } found = 1; if (!all) return (1); } #endif /* ALIAS */ /* Command is a shell reserved word? */ i = find_reserved_word (command); if (i >= 0) { if (verbose == 1) printf ("keyword\n"); else if (verbose == 2) printf ("%s is a shell keyword\n", command); else if (verbose == 4) printf ("%s\n", command); found = 1; if (!all) return (1); } /* Command is a function? */ func = find_function (command); if (func) { if (verbose == 1) printf ("function\n"); else if (verbose == 2) { #define PRETTY_PRINT_FUNC 1 char *result; printf ("%s is a function\n", command); /* We're blowing away THE_PRINTED_COMMAND here... */ result = named_function_string (command, (COMMAND *) function_cell (func), PRETTY_PRINT_FUNC); printf ("%s\n", result); #undef PRETTY_PRINT_FUNC } else if (verbose == 4) printf ("%s\n", command); found = 1; if (!all) return (1); } /* Command is a builtin? */ if (find_shell_builtin (command)) { if (verbose == 1) printf ("builtin\n"); else if (verbose == 2) printf ("%s is a shell builtin\n", command); else if (verbose == 4) printf ("%s\n", command); found = 1; if (!all) return (1); } /* Command is a disk file? */ /* If the command name given is already an absolute command, just check to see if it is executable. */ if (absolute_program (command)) { int f = file_status (command); if (f & FS_EXECABLE) { if (verbose == 1) printf ("file\n"); else if (verbose == 2) printf ("%s is %s\n", command, command); else if (verbose == 3 || verbose == 4) printf ("%s\n", command); /* There's no use looking in the hash table or in $PATH, because they're not consulted when an absolute program name is supplied. */ return (1); } } /* If the user isn't doing "-all", then we might care about whether the file is present in our hash table. */ if (!all) { if ((full_path = find_hashed_filename (command)) != (char *)NULL) { if (verbose == 1) printf ("file\n"); else if (verbose == 2) printf ("%s is hashed (%s)\n", command, full_path); else if (verbose == 3 || verbose == 4) printf ("%s\n", full_path); return (1); } } /* Now search through $PATH. */ while (1) { if (!all) full_path = find_user_command (command); else full_path = user_command_matches (command, FS_EXEC_ONLY, found_file); /* XXX - should that be FS_EXEC_PREFERRED? */ if (!full_path) break; found_file++; found = 1; if (verbose == 1) printf ("file\n"); else if (verbose == 2) printf ("%s is %s\n", command, full_path); else if (verbose == 3 || verbose == 4) printf ("%s\n", full_path); free (full_path); full_path = (char *)NULL; if (!all) break; } return (found); } bash-1.14.3/builtins/ulimit.def 644 436 0 41553 5670667362 14536 0ustar chetwheelThis file is ulimit.def, from which is created ulimit.c. It implements the builtin "ulimit" in Bash. Copyright (C) 1987, 1989, 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc. This file is part of GNU Bash, the Bourne Again SHell. Bash is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 1, or (at your option) any later version. Bash is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details. You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with Bash; see the file COPYING. If not, write to the Free Software Foundation, 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. $PRODUCES ulimit.c $BUILTIN ulimit $FUNCTION ulimit_builtin $DEPENDS_ON !MINIX $SHORT_DOC ulimit [-SHacdfmstpnuv [limit]] Ulimit provides control over the resources available to processes started by the shell, on systems that allow such control. If an option is given, it is interpreted as follows: -S use the `soft' resource limit -H use the `hard' resource limit -a all current limits are reported -c the maximum size of core files created -d the maximum size of a process's data segment -m the maximum resident set size -s the maximum stack size -t the maximum amount of cpu time in seconds -f the maximum size of files created by the shell -p the pipe buffer size -n the maximum number of open file descriptors -u the maximum number of user processes -v the size of virtual memory If LIMIT is given, it is the new value of the specified resource. Otherwise, the current value of the specified resource is printed. If no option is given, then -f is assumed. Values are in 1k increments, except for -t, which is in seconds, -p, which is in increments of 512 bytes, and -u, which is an unscaled number of processes. $END #include #include #include #include #include "../shell.h" #include "pipesize.h" #if !defined (errno) extern int errno; #endif #if defined (HAVE_RESOURCE) # include # include #else # include #endif #if defined (_POSIX_VERSION) # include #endif /* Check for the most basic symbols. If they aren't present, this system's isn't very useful to us. */ #if !defined (RLIMIT_FSIZE) || defined (GETRLIMIT_MISSING) # undef HAVE_RESOURCE #endif #if !defined (RLIMTYPE) # define RLIMTYPE long # define string_to_rlimtype string_to_long # define print_rlimtype(n, nl) printf ("%ld%s", n, nl ? "\n" : "") #endif static void print_long (); /* **************************************************************** */ /* */ /* Ulimit builtin and Hacks. */ /* */ /* **************************************************************** */ /* Block size for ulimit operations. */ #define ULIMIT_BLOCK_SIZE ((long)1024) #define u_FILE_SIZE 0x001 #define u_MAX_BREAK_VAL 0x002 #define u_PIPE_SIZE 0x004 #define u_CORE_FILE_SIZE 0x008 #define u_DATA_SEG_SIZE 0x010 #define u_PHYS_MEM_SIZE 0x020 #define u_CPU_TIME_LIMIT 0x040 #define u_STACK_SIZE 0x080 #define u_NUM_OPEN_FILES 0x100 #define u_MAX_VIRTUAL_MEM 0x200 #define u_MAX_USER_PROCS 0x400 #define u_ALL_LIMITS 0x7ff #if !defined (RLIM_INFINITY) # define RLIM_INFINITY 0x7fffffff #endif /* Some systems use RLIMIT_NOFILE, others use RLIMIT_OFILE */ #if defined (HAVE_RESOURCE) && defined (RLIMIT_OFILE) && !defined (RLIMIT_NOFILE) # define RLIMIT_NOFILE RLIMIT_OFILE #endif /* HAVE_RESOURCE && RLIMIT_OFILE && !RLIMIT_NOFILE */ #define LIMIT_HARD 0x01 #define LIMIT_SOFT 0x02 static RLIMTYPE shell_ulimit (); static RLIMTYPE pipesize (); static RLIMTYPE open_files (); #if defined (HAVE_RESOURCE) static RLIMTYPE getmaxvm (); #endif /* HAVE_RESOURCE */ static void print_specific_limits (); static void print_all_limits (); static char t[2]; /* Return 1 if the limit associated with CMD can be raised from CURRENT to NEW. This is for USG systems without HAVE_RESOURCE, most of which do not allow any user other than root to raise limits. There are, however, exceptions. */ #if !defined (HAVE_RESOURCE) static int canraise (cmd, current, new) int cmd; RLIMTYPE current, new; { # if defined (HAVE_SETDTABLESIZE) if (cmd == u_NUM_OPEN_FILES) return (1); # endif /* HAVE_SETDTABLSIZE */ return ((current > new) || (current_user.uid == 0)); } #endif /* !HAVE_RESOURCE */ /* Report or set limits associated with certain per-process resources. See the help documentation in builtins.c for a full description. Rewritten by Chet Ramey 6/30/91. */ int ulimit_builtin (list) register WORD_LIST *list; { register char *s; int c, setting, cmd, mode, verbose_print, opt_eof; int all_limits, specific_limits; long block_factor; RLIMTYPE current_limit, real_limit, limit; c = mode = verbose_print = opt_eof = 0; limit = (RLIMTYPE)-1; do { cmd = setting = all_limits = specific_limits = 0; block_factor = ULIMIT_BLOCK_SIZE; /* read_options: */ if (list && !opt_eof && *list->word->word == '-') { s = &(list->word->word[1]); list = list->next; while (*s && (c = *s++)) { switch (c) { #define ADD_CMD(x) { if (cmd) specific_limits++; cmd |= (x); } case '-': /* ulimit -- */ opt_eof++; break; case 'a': all_limits++; break; case 'f': ADD_CMD (u_FILE_SIZE); break; #if defined (HAVE_RESOURCE) /* -S and -H are modifiers, not real options. */ case 'S': mode |= LIMIT_SOFT; break; case 'H': mode |= LIMIT_HARD; break; case 'c': ADD_CMD (u_CORE_FILE_SIZE); break; case 'd': ADD_CMD (u_DATA_SEG_SIZE); break; #if !defined (USGr4) case 'm': ADD_CMD (u_PHYS_MEM_SIZE); break; #endif /* USGr4 */ case 't': ADD_CMD (u_CPU_TIME_LIMIT); block_factor = 1; /* seconds */ break; case 's': ADD_CMD (u_STACK_SIZE); break; case 'v': ADD_CMD (u_MAX_VIRTUAL_MEM); block_factor = 1; break; case 'u': ADD_CMD (u_MAX_USER_PROCS); block_factor = 1; break; #endif /* HAVE_RESOURCE */ case 'p': ADD_CMD (u_PIPE_SIZE); block_factor = 512; break; case 'n': ADD_CMD (u_NUM_OPEN_FILES); block_factor = 1; break; default: /* error_case: */ t[0] = c; t[1] = '\0'; bad_option (t); #if !defined (HAVE_RESOURCE) builtin_error("usage: ulimit [-afnp] [new limit]"); #else builtin_error("usage: ulimit [-SHacmdstfnpuv] [new limit]"); #endif return (EX_USAGE); } } } if (all_limits) { print_all_limits (mode); return (EXECUTION_SUCCESS); } if (specific_limits) { print_specific_limits (cmd, mode); if (list) verbose_print++; continue; } if (cmd == 0) cmd = u_FILE_SIZE; /* If an argument was supplied for the command, then we want to set the limit. Note that `ulimit something' means a command of -f with argument `something'. */ if (list) { if (opt_eof || (*list->word->word != '-')) { s = list->word->word; list = list->next; if (STREQ (s, "unlimited")) limit = RLIM_INFINITY; else if (all_digits (s)) limit = string_to_rlimtype (s); else { builtin_error ("bad non-numeric arg `%s'", s); return (EXECUTION_FAILURE); } setting++; } else if (!opt_eof) verbose_print++; } if (limit == RLIM_INFINITY) block_factor = 1; real_limit = limit * block_factor; /* If more than one option is given, list each in a verbose format, the same that is used for -a. */ if (!setting && verbose_print) { print_specific_limits (cmd, mode); continue; } current_limit = shell_ulimit (cmd, real_limit, 0, mode); if (setting) { #if !defined (HAVE_RESOURCE) /* Most USG systems do not most allow limits to be raised by any user other than root. There are, however, exceptions. */ if (canraise (cmd, current_limit, real_limit) == 0) { builtin_error ("cannot raise limit: %s", strerror (EPERM)); return (EXECUTION_FAILURE); } #endif /* !HAVE_RESOURCE */ if (shell_ulimit (cmd, real_limit, 1, mode) == (RLIMTYPE)-1) { builtin_error ("cannot raise limit: %s", strerror (errno)); return (EXECUTION_FAILURE); } continue; } else { if (current_limit < 0) builtin_error ("cannot get limit: %s", strerror (errno)); else if (current_limit != RLIM_INFINITY) print_rlimtype ((current_limit / block_factor), 1); else printf ("unlimited\n"); } } while (list); return (EXECUTION_SUCCESS); } /* The ulimit that we call from within Bash. WHICH says which limit to twiddle; SETTING is non-zero if NEWLIM contains the desired new limit. Otherwise, the existing limit is returned. If mode & LIMIT_HARD, the hard limit is used; if mode & LIMIT_SOFT, the soft limit. Both may be set by specifying -H and -S; if both are specified, or if neither is specified, the soft limit will be returned. Systems without BSD resource limits can specify only u_FILE_SIZE. This includes most USG systems. Chet Ramey supplied the BSD resource limit code. */ static RLIMTYPE shell_ulimit (which, newlim, setting, mode) int which, setting, mode; RLIMTYPE newlim; { #if defined (HAVE_RESOURCE) struct rlimit limit; int cmd; if (mode == 0) mode |= LIMIT_SOFT; #endif switch (which) { #if !defined (HAVE_RESOURCE) case u_FILE_SIZE: if (!setting) { /* ulimit () returns a number that is in 512 byte blocks, thus we must multiply it by 512 to get back to bytes. This is false only under HP/UX 6.x. */ RLIMTYPE result; result = ulimit (1, 0L); # if defined (hpux) && !defined (_POSIX_VERSION) return (result); # else return (result * 512); # endif /* hpux 6.x */ } else return (ulimit (2, newlim / 512L)); break; #else /* defined (HAVE_RESOURCE) */ case u_FILE_SIZE: cmd = RLIMIT_FSIZE; goto do_ulimit; case u_CORE_FILE_SIZE: cmd = RLIMIT_CORE; goto do_ulimit; case u_DATA_SEG_SIZE: cmd = RLIMIT_DATA; goto do_ulimit; #if !defined (USGr4) case u_PHYS_MEM_SIZE: # if defined (RLIMIT_RSS) cmd = RLIMIT_RSS; # else /* !RLIMIT_RSS */ errno = EINVAL; return ((RLIMTYPE)-1); # endif /* !RLIMIT_RSS */ goto do_ulimit; #endif /* USGr4 */ case u_CPU_TIME_LIMIT: cmd = RLIMIT_CPU; goto do_ulimit; case u_STACK_SIZE: cmd = RLIMIT_STACK; do_ulimit: if (getrlimit (cmd, &limit) != 0) return ((RLIMTYPE)-1); if (!setting) { if (mode & LIMIT_SOFT) return (limit.rlim_cur); else return (limit.rlim_max); } else { if (mode & LIMIT_SOFT) { /* Non-root users are only allowed to raise a limit up to the hard limit, not to infinity. */ if (current_user.euid != 0 && newlim == RLIM_INFINITY) limit.rlim_cur = limit.rlim_max; else limit.rlim_cur = newlim; } if (mode & LIMIT_HARD) limit.rlim_max = newlim; return (setrlimit (cmd, &limit)); } break; #endif /* HAVE_RESOURCE */ /* You can't get or set the pipe size with getrlimit, so we have to cheat. */ case u_PIPE_SIZE: if (setting) { errno = EINVAL; return ((RLIMTYPE)-1); } return (pipesize ()); case u_NUM_OPEN_FILES: if (setting) { #if defined (HAVE_RESOURCE) && defined (RLIMIT_NOFILE) cmd = RLIMIT_NOFILE; goto do_ulimit; #else # if defined (HAVE_SETDTABLESIZE) return (setdtablesize (newlim)); # else errno = EINVAL; return ((RLIMTYPE)-1); # endif /* HAVE_SETDTABLESIZE */ #endif /* !HAVE_RESOURCE || !RLIMIT_NOFILE */ } else return (open_files (mode)); case u_MAX_VIRTUAL_MEM: if (setting) { errno = EINVAL; return ((RLIMTYPE)-1); } else { #if defined (HAVE_RESOURCE) return (getmaxvm (mode)); #else /* !HAVE_RESOURCE */ errno = EINVAL; return ((RLIMTYPE)-1); #endif /* !HAVE_RESOURCE */ } case u_MAX_USER_PROCS: #if defined (HAVE_RESOURCE) && defined (RLIMIT_NPROC) cmd = RLIMIT_NPROC; goto do_ulimit; #else /* !HAVE_RESOURCE || !RLIMIT_NPROC */ errno = EINVAL; return ((RLIMTYPE)-1); #endif /* !HAVE_RESOURCE || !RLIMIT_NPROC */ default: errno = EINVAL; return ((RLIMTYPE)-1); } } #if defined (HAVE_RESOURCE) static RLIMTYPE getmaxvm (mode) int mode; { struct rlimit rl; #if defined (RLIMIT_VMEM) if (getrlimit (RLIMIT_VMEM, &rl) < 0) return ((RLIMTYPE)-1); else return (((mode & LIMIT_SOFT) ? rl.rlim_cur : rl.rlim_max) / 1024L); #else /* !RLIMIT_VMEM */ RLIMTYPE maxdata, maxstack; if (getrlimit (RLIMIT_DATA, &rl) < 0) return ((RLIMTYPE)-1); else maxdata = (mode & LIMIT_SOFT) ? rl.rlim_cur : rl.rlim_max; if (getrlimit (RLIMIT_STACK, &rl) < 0) return ((RLIMTYPE)-1); else maxstack = (mode & LIMIT_SOFT) ? rl.rlim_cur : rl.rlim_max; /* Protect against overflow. */ return ((maxdata / 1024L) + (maxstack / 1024L)); #endif /* !RLIMIT_VMEM */ } #endif /* HAVE_RESOURCE */ static RLIMTYPE open_files (mode) int mode; { #if !defined (RLIMIT_NOFILE) return ((RLIMTYPE)getdtablesize ()); #else struct rlimit rl; getrlimit (RLIMIT_NOFILE, &rl); if (mode & LIMIT_SOFT) return (rl.rlim_cur); else return (rl.rlim_max); #endif } static RLIMTYPE pipesize () { #if defined (PIPE_BUF) /* This is defined on Posix systems. */ return ((RLIMTYPE) PIPE_BUF); #else # if defined (PIPESIZE) /* This is defined by running a program from the Makefile. */ return ((RLIMTYPE) PIPESIZE); # else errno = EINVAL; return ((RLIMTYPE)-1); # endif /* PIPESIZE */ #endif /* PIPE_BUF */ } /* ulimit(2) returns information about file size limits in terms of 512-byte blocks. This is the factor by which to divide to turn it into information in terms of 1024-byte blocks. Except for hpux 6.x, which returns it in terms of bytes. */ #if !defined (hpux) || defined (_POSIX_VERSION) # define ULIMIT_DIVISOR 2 #else # define ULIMIT_DIVISOR 1024 #endif #if defined (HAVE_RESOURCE) typedef struct { int option_cmd; /* The ulimit command for this limit. */ int parameter; /* Parameter to pass to getrlimit (). */ int block_factor; /* Blocking factor for specific limit. */ char *description; /* Descriptive string to output. */ } BSD_RESOURCE_LIMITS; static BSD_RESOURCE_LIMITS limits[] = { { u_CORE_FILE_SIZE, RLIMIT_CORE, 1024, "core file size (blocks)" }, { u_DATA_SEG_SIZE, RLIMIT_DATA, 1024, "data seg size (kbytes)" }, { u_FILE_SIZE, RLIMIT_FSIZE, 1024, "file size (blocks)" }, #if !defined (USGr4) && defined (RLIMIT_RSS) { u_PHYS_MEM_SIZE, RLIMIT_RSS, 1024, "max memory size (kbytes)" }, #endif /* USGr4 && RLIMIT_RSS */ { u_STACK_SIZE, RLIMIT_STACK, 1024, "stack size (kbytes)" }, { u_CPU_TIME_LIMIT, RLIMIT_CPU, 1, "cpu time (seconds)" }, #if defined (RLIMIT_NPROC) { u_MAX_USER_PROCS, RLIMIT_NPROC, 1, "max user processes" }, #endif /* RLIMIT_NPROC */ { 0, 0, 0, (char *)NULL } }; static void print_bsd_limit (i, mode) int i, mode; { struct rlimit rl; RLIMTYPE limit; getrlimit (limits[i].parameter, &rl); if (mode & LIMIT_HARD) limit = rl.rlim_max; else limit = rl.rlim_cur; printf ("%-25s", limits[i].description); if (limit == RLIM_INFINITY) printf ("unlimited\n"); else print_rlimtype ((limit / limits[i].block_factor), 1); } static void print_specific_bsd_limits (cmd, mode) int cmd, mode; { register int i; for (i = 0; limits[i].option_cmd; i++) if (cmd & limits[i].option_cmd) print_bsd_limit (i, mode); } #endif /* HAVE_RESOURCE */ /* Print the limits corresponding to a specific set of resources. This is called when an option string contains more than one character (e.g. -at), because limits may not be specified with that kind of argument. */ static void print_specific_limits (cmd, mode) int cmd, mode; { if (mode == 0) mode = LIMIT_SOFT; #if defined (HAVE_RESOURCE) print_specific_bsd_limits (cmd, mode); #else /* !HAVE_RESOURCE */ if (cmd & u_FILE_SIZE) { printf ("%-25s", "file size (blocks)"); print_rlimtype ((ulimit (1, 0L) / ULIMIT_DIVISOR), 1); } #endif /* !HAVE_RESOURCE */ if (cmd & u_PIPE_SIZE) { printf ("%-25s", "pipe size (512 bytes)"); print_rlimtype ((pipesize () / 512), 1); } if (cmd & u_NUM_OPEN_FILES) { printf ("%-25s", "open files"); print_rlimtype (open_files (mode), 1); } #if defined (HAVE_RESOURCE) if (cmd & u_MAX_VIRTUAL_MEM) { printf ("%-25s", "virtual memory (kbytes)"); print_rlimtype (getmaxvm (mode), 1); } #endif /* HAVE_RESOURCE */ } static void print_all_limits (mode) int mode; { if (mode == 0) mode |= LIMIT_SOFT; print_specific_limits (u_ALL_LIMITS, mode); } bash-1.14.3/builtins/umask.def 644 436 0 14667 5601362347 14346 0ustar chetwheelThis file is umask.def, from which is created umask.c. It implements the builtin "umask" in Bash. Copyright (C) 1987, 1989, 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc. This file is part of GNU Bash, the Bourne Again SHell. Bash is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 1, or (at your option) any later version. Bash is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details. You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with Bash; see the file COPYING. If not, write to the Free Software Foundation, 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. $PRODUCES umask.c $BUILTIN umask $FUNCTION umask_builtin $SHORT_DOC umask [-S] [mode] The user file-creation mask is set to MODE. If MODE is omitted, or if `-S' is supplied, the current value of the mask is printed. The `-S' option makes the output symbolic; otherwise an octal number is output. If MODE begins with a digit, it is interpreted as an octal number, otherwise it is a symbolic mode string like that accepted by chmod(1). $END #include #include #include #include "../shell.h" #include "../posixstat.h" #include "common.h" /* **************************************************************** */ /* */ /* UMASK Builtin and Helpers */ /* */ /* **************************************************************** */ static void print_symbolic_umask (); static int symbolic_umask (); /* Set or display the mask used by the system when creating files. Flag of -S means display the umask in a symbolic mode. */ umask_builtin (list) WORD_LIST *list; { int print_symbolically = 0; while (list) { if (ISOPTION (list->word->word, 'S')) { list = list->next; print_symbolically++; continue; } else if (ISOPTION (list->word->word, '-')) { list = list->next; break; } else if (*(list->word->word) == '-') { bad_option (list->word->word); builtin_error ("usage: umask [-S] [mode]"); return (EX_USAGE); } else break; } if (list) { int new_umask; if (digit (*list->word->word)) { new_umask = read_octal (list->word->word); /* Note that other shells just let you set the umask to zero by specifying a number out of range. This is a problem with those shells. We don't change the umask if the input is lousy. */ if (new_umask == -1) { builtin_error ("`%s' is not an octal number from 000 to 777", list->word->word); return (EXECUTION_FAILURE); } } else { new_umask = symbolic_umask (list); if (new_umask == -1) return (EXECUTION_FAILURE); } umask (new_umask); if (print_symbolically) print_symbolic_umask (new_umask); } else /* Display the UMASK for this user. */ { int old_umask; old_umask = umask (022); umask (old_umask); if (print_symbolically) print_symbolic_umask (old_umask); else printf ("%03o\n", old_umask); } fflush (stdout); return (EXECUTION_SUCCESS); } /* Print the umask in a symbolic form. In the output, a letter is printed if the corresponding bit is clear in the umask. */ static void print_symbolic_umask (um) int um; { char ubits[4], gbits[4], obits[4]; /* u=rwx,g=rwx,o=rwx */ int i; i = 0; if ((um & S_IRUSR) == 0) ubits[i++] = 'r'; if ((um & S_IWUSR) == 0) ubits[i++] = 'w'; if ((um & S_IXUSR) == 0) ubits[i++] = 'x'; ubits[i] = '\0'; i = 0; if ((um & S_IRGRP) == 0) gbits[i++] = 'r'; if ((um & S_IWGRP) == 0) gbits[i++] = 'w'; if ((um & S_IXGRP) == 0) gbits[i++] = 'x'; gbits[i] = '\0'; i = 0; if ((um & S_IROTH) == 0) obits[i++] = 'r'; if ((um & S_IWOTH) == 0) obits[i++] = 'w'; if ((um & S_IXOTH) == 0) obits[i++] = 'x'; obits[i] = '\0'; printf ("u=%s,g=%s,o=%s\n", ubits, gbits, obits); } /* Set the umask from a symbolic mode string similar to that accepted by chmod. If the -S argument is given, then print the umask in a symbolic form. */ static int symbolic_umask (list) WORD_LIST *list; { int um, umc, c; int who, op, perm, mask; char *s; /* Get the initial umask. Don't change it yet. */ um = umask (022); umask (um); /* All work below is done with the complement of the umask -- its more intuitive and easier to deal with. It is complemented again before being returned. */ umc = ~um; s = list->word->word; for (;;) { who = op = perm = mask = 0; /* Parse the `who' portion of the symbolic mode clause. */ while (member (*s, "agou")) { switch (c = *s++) { case 'u': who |= S_IRWXU; continue; case 'g': who |= S_IRWXG; continue; case 'o': who |= S_IRWXO; continue; case 'a': who |= S_IRWXU | S_IRWXG | S_IRWXO; continue; default: break; } } /* The operation is now sitting in *s. */ op = *s++; switch (op) { case '+': case '-': case '=': break; default: builtin_error ("bad symbolic mode operator: %c", op); return (-1); } /* Parse out the `perm' section of the symbolic mode clause. */ while (member (*s, "rwx")) { c = *s++; switch (c) { case 'r': perm |= S_IRUGO; break; case 'w': perm |= S_IWUGO; break; case 'x': perm |= S_IXUGO; break; } } /* Now perform the operation or return an error for a bad permission string. */ if (!*s || *s == ',') { if (who) perm &= who; switch (op) { case '+': umc |= perm; break; case '-': umc &= ~perm; break; case '=': umc &= ~who; umc |= perm; break; default: builtin_error ("bad operation character: %c", op); return (-1); } if (!*s) { um = ~umc & 0777; break; } else s++; /* skip past ',' */ } else { builtin_error ("bad character in symbolic mode: %c", *s); return (-1); } } return (um); } bash-1.14.3/builtins/wait.def 664 436 0 7156 5605401047 14142 0ustar chetwheelThis file is wait.def, from which is created wait.c. It implements the builtin "wait" in Bash. Copyright (C) 1987, 1989, 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc. This file is part of GNU Bash, the Bourne Again SHell. Bash is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 1, or (at your option) any later version. Bash is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details. You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with Bash; see the file COPYING. If not, write to the Free Software Foundation, 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. $BUILTIN wait $FUNCTION wait_builtin $DEPENDS_ON JOB_CONTROL $PRODUCES wait.c $SHORT_DOC wait [n] Wait for the specified process and report its termination status. If N is not given, all currently active child processes are waited for, and the return code is zero. N may be a process ID or a job specification; if a job spec is given, all processes in the job's pipeline are waited for. $END $BUILTIN wait $FUNCTION wait_builtin $DEPENDS_ON !JOB_CONTROL $SHORT_DOC wait [n] Wait for the specified process and report its termination status. If N is not given, all currently active child processes are waited for, and the return code is zero. N is a process ID; if it is not given, all child processes of the shell are waited for. $END #include #include #include "../shell.h" #include "../jobs.h" extern int interrupt_immediately; /* Wait for the pid in LIST to stop or die. If no arguments are given, then wait for all of the active background processes of the shell and return 0. If a list of pids or job specs are given, return the exit status of the last one waited for. */ wait_builtin (list) WORD_LIST *list; { int status = EXECUTION_SUCCESS; begin_unwind_frame ("wait_builtin"); unwind_protect_int (interrupt_immediately); interrupt_immediately++; /* We support jobs or pids. wait [pid-or-job ...] */ /* But wait without any arguments means to wait for all of the shell's currently active background processes. */ if (!list) { wait_for_background_pids (); status = EXECUTION_SUCCESS; goto return_status; } while (list) { pid_t pid; char *w; w = list->word->word; if (digit (*w)) { if (all_digits (w + 1)) { pid = (pid_t)atoi (w); status = wait_for_single_pid (pid); } else { builtin_error ("`%s' is not a pid or legal job spec", w); status = EXECUTION_FAILURE; goto return_status; } } #if defined (JOB_CONTROL) else if (job_control && *w) /* Must be a job spec. Check it out. */ { int job; sigset_t set, oset; BLOCK_CHILD (set, oset); job = get_job_spec (list); if (job < 0 || job >= job_slots || !jobs[job]) { if (job != DUP_JOB) builtin_error ("No such job %s", list->word->word); UNBLOCK_CHILD (oset); status = 127; /* As per Posix.2, section 4.70.2 */ list = list->next; continue; } /* Job spec used. Wait for the last pid in the pipeline. */ UNBLOCK_CHILD (oset); status = wait_for_job (job); } #endif /* JOB_CONTROL */ else { builtin_error ("`%s' is not a pid or legal job spec", w); status = EXECUTION_FAILURE; } list = list->next; } return_status: run_unwind_frame ("wait_builtin"); return (status); } bash-1.14.3/builtins/psize.c 644 436 0 2741 5470777142 14021 0ustar chetwheel/* psize.c - Find pipe size. */ /* Copyright (C) 1987, 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc. This file is part of GNU Bash, the Bourne Again SHell. Bash is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 1, or (at your option) any later version. Bash is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details. You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with Bash; see the file COPYING. If not, write to the Free Software Foundation, 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. */ /* Write output in 128-byte chunks until we get a sigpipe or write gets an EPIPE. Then report how many bytes we wrote. We assume that this is the pipe size. */ #include #include #include #include #include "../command.h" #include "../general.h" extern int errno; int nw; sighandler sigpipe (sig) int sig; { fprintf (stderr, "%d\n", nw); exit (0); } main (argc, argv) int argc; char **argv; { char buf[128]; register int i; for (i = 0; i < 128; i++) buf[i] = ' '; signal (SIGPIPE, sigpipe); nw = 0; for (;;) { int n; n = write (1, buf, 128); nw += n; } } bash-1.14.3/builtins/psize.sh 755 436 0 711 5564443656 14173 0ustar chetwheel#! /bin/sh # # psize.sh -- determine this system's pipe size, and write a define to # pipesize.h so ulimit.c can use it. echo "/*" echo " * pipesize.h" echo " *" echo " * This file is automatically generated by psize.sh" echo " * Do not edit!" echo " */" echo "" ./psize.aux 2>/tmp/pipesize | sleep 3 if [ -s /tmp/pipesize ]; then echo "#define PIPESIZE `cat /tmp/pipesize`" else echo "#define PIPESIZE 512" fi rm -f /tmp/pipesize exit 0 bash-1.14.3/builtins/inlib.def 664 436 0 4046 5535437606 14302 0ustar chetwheelThis file is inlib.def, from which is created inlib.c. It implements the Apollo-specific builtin "inlib" in Bash. Copyright (C) 1987, 1989, 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc. This file is part of GNU Bash, the Bourne Again SHell. Bash is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 1, or (at your option) any later version. Bash is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details. You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with Bash; see the file COPYING. If not, write to the Free Software Foundation, 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. $PRODUCES inlib.c #include #include "../shell.h" $BUILTIN inlib $FUNCTION inlib_builtin $DEPENDS_ON apollo $SHORT_DOC inlib pathname [pathname...] Install a user-supplied library specified by pathname in the current shell process. The library is used to resolve external references in programs and libraries loaded after its installation. Note that the library is not loaded into the address space unless it is needed to resolve an external reference. The list of inlibed libraries is passed to all children of the current shell. $END #if defined (apollo) #include #include inlib_builtin (list) WORD_LIST *list; { status_$t status; int return_value; short len; if (!list) { builtin_error ("usage: inlib pathname [pathname...]"); return (EX_USAGE); } return_value = EXECUTION_SUCCESS; while (list) { len = (short)strlen (list->word->word); loader_$inlib (list->word->word, len, &status); if (status.all != status_$ok) { builtin_error ("inlib failed for %s", list->word->word); return_value = EXECUTION_FAILURE; } list = list->next; } return (return_value); } #endif /* apollo */ bash-1.14.3/builtins/bashgetopt.c 664 436 0 6162 5526505434 15025 0ustar chetwheel/* bashgetopt.c -- `getopt' for use by the builtins. */ /* Copyright (C) 1992 Free Software Foundation, Inc. This file is part of GNU Bash, the Bourne Again SHell. Bash is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 1, or (at your option) any later version. Bash is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details. You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with Bash; see the file COPYING. If not, write to the Free Software Foundation, 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. */ #include #include "shell.h" #include "bashansi.h" #define ERR(S, C) builtin_error("%s%c", (S), (C)) static int sp; char *list_optarg; int list_optopt; static WORD_LIST *lhead = (WORD_LIST *)NULL; WORD_LIST *lcurrent = (WORD_LIST *)NULL; WORD_LIST *loptend; /* Points to the first non-option argument in the list */ int internal_getopt(list, opts) WORD_LIST *list; char *opts; { register int c; register char *cp; if (!list) { list_optarg = (char *)NULL; loptend = (WORD_LIST *)NULL; /* No non-option arguments */ return -1; } if (list != lhead || !lhead) { /* Hmmm.... called with a different word list. Reset. */ sp = 1; lcurrent = lhead = list; loptend = (WORD_LIST *)NULL; } if (sp == 1) { if (!lcurrent || (lcurrent->word->word[0] != '-' || lcurrent->word->word[1] == '\0')) { lhead = (WORD_LIST *)NULL; loptend = lcurrent; return(-1); } else if (lcurrent->word->word[0] == '-' && lcurrent->word->word[1] == '-' && lcurrent->word->word[2] == 0) { lhead = (WORD_LIST *)NULL; loptend = lcurrent->next; return(-1); } } list_optopt = c = lcurrent->word->word[sp]; if (c == ':' || (cp = strchr(opts, c)) == NULL) { ERR("illegal option: -", c); if (lcurrent->word->word[++sp] == '\0') { lcurrent = lcurrent->next; sp = 1; } list_optarg = NULL; if (lcurrent) loptend = lcurrent->next; return('?'); } if (*++cp == ':') { /* Option requires an argument. */ /* We allow -l2 as equivalent to -l 2 */ if (lcurrent->word->word[sp+1] != '\0') { list_optarg = &(lcurrent->word->word[sp+1]); lcurrent = lcurrent->next; } else if (lcurrent->next == NULL) { ERR("option requires an argument: -", c); sp = 1; list_optarg = (char *)NULL; return('?'); } else { lcurrent = lcurrent->next; list_optarg = lcurrent->word->word; lcurrent = lcurrent->next; } sp = 1; } else { /* No argument, just return the option. */ if (lcurrent->word->word[++sp] == '\0') { sp = 1; lcurrent = lcurrent->next; } list_optarg = (char *)NULL; } return(c); } /* * reset_internal_getopt -- force the in[ft]ernal getopt to reset */ void reset_internal_getopt () { lhead = lcurrent = loptend = (WORD_LIST *)NULL; sp = 1; } void report_bad_option () { char s[3]; s[0] = '-'; s[1] = list_optopt; s[2] = '\0'; bad_option (s); } bash-1.14.3/builtins/common.h 664 436 0 4136 5554624122 14156 0ustar chetwheel/* common.h -- extern declarations for functions defined in common.c. */ /* Copyright (C) 1993 Free Software Foundation, Inc. This file is part of GNU Bash, the Bourne Again SHell. Bash is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option) any later version. Bash is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details. You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with Bash; see the file COPYING. If not, write to the Free Software Foundation, 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. */ #if !defined (__COMMON_H) # define __COMMON_H #define ISOPTION(s, c) (s[0] == '-' && !s[2] && s[1] == c) extern void builtin_error (); extern void bad_option (); extern int get_numeric_arg (); extern void remember_args (); extern void no_args (); extern int read_octal (); extern char *find_hashed_filename (); extern void remove_hashed_filename (); extern void remember_filename (); extern void push_context (), pop_context (); extern void push_dollar_vars (), pop_dollar_vars (); extern void dispose_saved_dollar_vars (); extern int dollar_vars_changed (); extern void set_dollar_vars_unchanged (), set_dollar_vars_changed (); /* Keeps track of the current working directory. */ extern char *the_current_working_directory; extern char *get_working_directory (); extern void set_working_directory (); #if defined (JOB_CONTROL) extern int get_job_spec (); #endif extern int parse_and_execute (); extern void parse_and_execute_cleanup (); extern void initialize_shell_builtins (); /* It's OK to declare a function as returning a Function * without providing a definition of what a `Function' is. */ extern Function *find_shell_builtin (); extern Function *builtin_address (); extern char *single_quote (); extern char *double_quote (); #endif /* !__COMMON_H */ bash-1.14.3/builtins/bashgetopt.h 664 436 0 2312 5505135307 15016 0ustar chetwheel/* bashgetopt.h -- extern declarations for stuff defined in bashgetopt.c. */ /* Copyright (C) 1993 Free Software Foundation, Inc. This file is part of GNU Bash, the Bourne Again SHell. Bash is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option) any later version. Bash is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details. You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with Bash; see the file COPYING. If not, write to the Free Software Foundation, 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. */ /* See getopt.h for the explanation of these variables. */ #if !defined (__BASH_GETOPT_H) # define __BASH_GETOPT_H extern char *list_optarg; extern int list_optopt; extern WORD_LIST *lcurrent; extern WORD_LIST *loptend; extern int internal_getopt (); extern void reset_internal_getopt (); extern void report_bad_option (); #endif /* !__BASH_GETOPT_H */ bash-1.14.3/builtins.h 644 436 0 3337 5463301407 12663 0ustar chetwheel/* builtins.h -- What a builtin looks like, and where to find them. */ /* Copyright (C) 1987,1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc. This file is part of GNU Bash, the Bourne Again SHell. Bash is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 1, or (at your option) any later version. Bash is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details. You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with Bash; see the file COPYING. If not, write to the Free Software Foundation, 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. */ #include "config.h" #include "command.h" #include "general.h" #if defined (ALIAS) #include "alias.h" #endif /* Flags describing various things about a builtin. */ #define BUILTIN_ENABLED 0x1 /* This builtin is enabled. */ #define STATIC_BUILTIN 0x2 /* This builtin is not dynamically loaded. */ #define SPECIAL_BUILTIN 0x4 /* This is a Posix `special' builtin. */ /* The thing that we build the array of builtins out of. */ struct builtin { char *name; /* The name that the user types. */ Function *function; /* The address of the invoked function. */ int flags; /* One of the #defines above. */ char **long_doc; /* NULL terminated array of strings. */ char *short_doc; /* Short version of documenation. */ }; /* Found in builtins.c, created by builtins/mkbuiltins. */ extern int num_shell_builtins; /* Number of shell builtins. */ extern struct builtin shell_builtins[]; bash-1.14.3/command.h 664 436 0 17536 5535441671 12510 0ustar chetwheel/* command.h -- The structures used internally to represent commands, and the extern declarations of the functions used to create them. */ /* Copyright (C) 1993 Free Software Foundation, Inc. This file is part of GNU Bash, the Bourne Again SHell. Bash is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option) any later version. Bash is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details. You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with Bash; see the file COPYING. If not, write to the Free Software Foundation, 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. */ #if !defined (_COMMAND_H) #define _COMMAND_H #include "stdc.h" /* Instructions describing what kind of thing to do for a redirection. */ enum r_instruction { r_output_direction, r_input_direction, r_inputa_direction, r_appending_to, r_reading_until, r_duplicating_input, r_duplicating_output, r_deblank_reading_until, r_close_this, r_err_and_out, r_input_output, r_output_force, r_duplicating_input_word, r_duplicating_output_word }; /* Command Types: */ enum command_type { cm_for, cm_case, cm_while, cm_if, cm_simple, cm_select, cm_connection, cm_function_def, cm_until, cm_group }; /* A structure which represents a word. */ typedef struct word_desc { char *word; /* Zero terminated string. */ int dollar_present; /* Non-zero means dollar sign present. */ int quoted; /* Non-zero means single, double, or back quote or backslash is present. */ int assignment; /* Non-zero means that this word contains an assignment. */ } WORD_DESC; /* A linked list of words. */ typedef struct word_list { struct word_list *next; WORD_DESC *word; } WORD_LIST; /* **************************************************************** */ /* */ /* Shell Command Structs */ /* */ /* **************************************************************** */ /* What a redirection descriptor looks like. If FLAGS is IS_DESCRIPTOR, then we use REDIRECTEE.DEST, else we use the file specified. */ typedef union { long dest; /* Place to redirect REDIRECTOR to, or ... */ WORD_DESC *filename; /* filename to redirect to. */ } REDIRECTEE; typedef struct redirect { struct redirect *next; /* Next element, or NULL. */ int redirector; /* Descriptor to be redirected. */ int flags; /* Flag value for `open'. */ enum r_instruction instruction; /* What to do with the information. */ REDIRECTEE redirectee; /* File descriptor or filename */ char *here_doc_eof; /* The word that appeared in <flags. */ #define CMD_WANT_SUBSHELL 0x01 /* User wants a subshell: ( command ) */ #define CMD_FORCE_SUBSHELL 0x02 /* Shell needs to force a subshell. */ #define CMD_INVERT_RETURN 0x04 /* Invert the exit value. */ #define CMD_IGNORE_RETURN 0x08 /* Ignore the exit value. For set -e. */ #define CMD_NO_FUNCTIONS 0x10 /* Ignore functions during command lookup. */ #define CMD_INHIBIT_EXPANSION 0x20 /* Do not expand the command words. */ #define CMD_NO_FORK 0x40 /* Don't fork; just call execve */ /* What a command looks like. */ typedef struct command { enum command_type type; /* FOR CASE WHILE IF CONNECTION or SIMPLE. */ int flags; /* Flags controlling execution environment. */ int line; /* line number the command starts on */ REDIRECT *redirects; /* Special redirects for FOR CASE, etc. */ union { struct for_com *For; struct case_com *Case; struct while_com *While; struct if_com *If; struct connection *Connection; struct simple_com *Simple; struct function_def *Function_def; struct group_com *Group; #if defined (SELECT_COMMAND) struct select_com *Select; #endif } value; } COMMAND; /* Structure used to represent the CONNECTION type. */ typedef struct connection { int ignore; /* Unused; simplifies make_command (). */ COMMAND *first; /* Pointer to the first command. */ COMMAND *second; /* Pointer to the second command. */ int connector; /* What separates this command from others. */ } CONNECTION; /* Structures used to represent the CASE command. */ /* Pattern/action structure for CASE_COM. */ typedef struct pattern_list { struct pattern_list *next; /* Clause to try in case this one failed. */ WORD_LIST *patterns; /* Linked list of patterns to test. */ COMMAND *action; /* Thing to execute if a pattern matches. */ } PATTERN_LIST; /* The CASE command. */ typedef struct case_com { int flags; /* See description of CMD flags. */ WORD_DESC *word; /* The thing to test. */ PATTERN_LIST *clauses; /* The clauses to test against, or NULL. */ } CASE_COM; /* FOR command. */ typedef struct for_com { int flags; /* See description of CMD flags. */ WORD_DESC *name; /* The variable name to get mapped over. */ WORD_LIST *map_list; /* The things to map over. This is never NULL. */ COMMAND *action; /* The action to execute. During execution, NAME is bound to successive members of MAP_LIST. */ } FOR_COM; #if defined (SELECT_COMMAND) /* KSH SELECT command. */ typedef struct select_com { int flags; /* See description of CMD flags. */ WORD_DESC *name; /* The variable name to get mapped over. */ WORD_LIST *map_list; /* The things to map over. This is never NULL. */ COMMAND *action; /* The action to execute. During execution, NAME is bound to the member of MAP_LIST chosen by the user. */ } SELECT_COM; #endif /* SELECT_COMMAND */ /* IF command. */ typedef struct if_com { int flags; /* See description of CMD flags. */ COMMAND *test; /* Thing to test. */ COMMAND *true_case; /* What to do if the test returned non-zero. */ COMMAND *false_case; /* What to do if the test returned zero. */ } IF_COM; /* WHILE command. */ typedef struct while_com { int flags; /* See description of CMD flags. */ COMMAND *test; /* Thing to test. */ COMMAND *action; /* Thing to do while test is non-zero. */ } WHILE_COM; /* The "simple" command. Just a collection of words and redirects. */ typedef struct simple_com { int flags; /* See description of CMD flags. */ WORD_LIST *words; /* The program name, the arguments, variable assignments, etc. */ REDIRECT *redirects; /* Redirections to perform. */ int line; /* line number the command starts on */ } SIMPLE_COM; /* The "function_def" command. This isn't really a command, but it is represented as such for now. If the function def appears within `(' `)' the parser tries to set the SUBSHELL bit of the command. That means that FUNCTION_DEF has to be run through the executor. Maybe this command should be defined in a subshell. Who knows or cares. */ typedef struct function_def { int ignore; /* See description of CMD flags. */ WORD_DESC *name; /* The name of the function. */ COMMAND *command; /* The parsed execution tree. */ } FUNCTION_DEF; /* A command that is `grouped' allows pipes to take effect over the entire command structure. */ typedef struct group_com { int ignore; /* See description of CMD flags. */ COMMAND *command; } GROUP_COM; extern COMMAND *global_command; /* Forward declarations of functions declared in copy_cmd.c. */ extern WORD_DESC *copy_word __P((WORD_DESC *)); extern WORD_LIST *copy_word_list __P((WORD_LIST *)); extern REDIRECT *copy_redirect __P((REDIRECT *)); extern REDIRECT *copy_redirects __P((REDIRECT *)); extern COMMAND *copy_command __P((COMMAND *)); #endif /* _COMMAND_H */ bash-1.14.3/config.h 644 436 0 13557 5566213164 12332 0ustar chetwheel/* config.h -- Configuration file for bash. */ /* Copyright (C) 1987,1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc. This file is part of GNU Bash, the Bourne Again SHell. Bash is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 1, or (at your option) any later version. Bash is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details. You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with Bash; see the file COPYING. If not, write to the Free Software Foundation, 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. */ #if !defined (_CONFIG_H_) #define _CONFIG_H_ #if !defined (BUILDING_MAKEFILE) #include "memalloc.h" #endif #if defined (HAVE_UNISTD_H) && !defined (BUILDING_MAKEFILE) # ifdef CRAY # define word __word # endif #include # ifdef CRAY # undef word # endif #endif /* Define JOB_CONTROL if your operating system supports BSD-like job control. */ #define JOB_CONTROL /* Note that vanilla System V machines don't support BSD job control, although some do support Posix job control. */ #if defined (USG) || defined (MINIX) || defined (Minix) # if !defined (_POSIX_JOB_CONTROL) # undef JOB_CONTROL # endif /* !_POSIX_JOB_CONTROL */ #endif /* USG || Minix || MINIX */ /* Define ALIAS if you want the alias features. */ #define ALIAS /* Define PUSHD_AND_POPD if you want those commands to be compiled in. (Also the `dirs' commands.) */ #define PUSHD_AND_POPD /* Define BRACE_EXPANSION if you want curly brace expansion a la Csh: foo{a,b} -> fooa foob. Even if this is compiled in (the default) you can turn it off at shell startup with `-nobraceexpansion', or during shell execution with `set +o braceexpand'. */ #define BRACE_EXPANSION /* Define READLINE to get the nifty/glitzy editing features. This is on by default. You can turn it off interactively with the -nolineediting flag. */ #define READLINE /* Define BANG_HISTORY if you want to have Csh style "!" history expansion. This is unrelated to READLINE. */ #define BANG_HISTORY /* Define HISTORY if you want to have access to previously typed commands. If both HISTORY and READLINE are defined, you can get at the commands with line editing commands, and you can directly manipulate the history from the command line. If only HISTORY is defined, the `fc' and `history' builtins are available. */ #define HISTORY #if defined (BANG_HISTORY) && !defined (HISTORY) /* BANG_HISTORY requires HISTORY. */ # define HISTORY #endif /* BANG_HISTORY && !HISTORY */ /* The default value of the PATH variable. */ #define DEFAULT_PATH_VALUE \ ":/usr/gnu/bin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/ucb:/bin:/usr/bin:/etc:/usr/etc" /* The value for PATH when invoking `command -p'. This is only used when the Posix.2 confstr () function, or CS_PATH define are not present. */ #define STANDARD_UTILS_PATH \ "/bin:/usr/bin:/usr/ucb:/usr/sbin:/etc:/usr/etc" /* Define V9_ECHO if you want to give the echo builtin backslash-escape interpretation using the -e option, in the style of the Bell Labs 9th Edition version of echo. */ #define V9_ECHO /* Define DEFAULT_ECHO_TO_USG if you want the echo builtin to interpret the backslash-escape characters by default, like the System V echo. This requires that V9_ECHO be defined. */ /* #define DEFAULT_ECHO_TO_USG */ #if !defined (V9_ECHO) # undef DEFAULT_ECHO_TO_USG #endif /* Define CONTINUE_AFTER_KILL_ERROR if you want the kill command to continue processing arguments after one of them fails. */ #define CONTINUE_AFTER_KILL_ERROR /* Define BREAK_COMPLAINS if you want the non-standard, but useful error messages about `break' and `continue' out of context. */ #define BREAK_COMPLAINS /* Define GETOPTS_BUILTIN if you want the Posix.2 `getopts' shell builtin compiled into the shell. */ #define GETOPTS_BUILTIN /* When ALLOW_RIGID_POSIX_COMPLIANCE is defined, you can turn on strictly Posix compliant behaviour by setting the environment variable POSIXLY_CORRECT. */ #define ALLOW_RIGID_POSIX_COMPLIANCE /* Define RESTRICTED_SHELL if you want the generated shell to have the ability to be a restricted one. The shell thus generated can become restricted by being run with the name "rbash", or by setting the -r flag. */ /* #define RESTRICTED_SHELL */ /* Define DISABLED_BUILTINS if you want "builtin foo" to always run the shell builtin "foo", even if it has been disabled with "enable -n foo". */ /* #define DISABLED_BUILTINS */ /* Define PROCESS_SUBSTITUTION if you want the K*rn shell-like process substitution features "<(file)". */ /* Right now, you cannot do this on machines without fully operational FIFO support. This currently include NeXT and Alliant. */ #if !defined (MKFIFO_MISSING) || defined (HAVE_DEV_FD) # define PROCESS_SUBSTITUTION #endif /* !MKFIFO_MISSING */ /* Define PROMPT_STRING_DECODE if you want the backslash-escaped special characters in PS1 and PS2 expanded. Variable expansion will still be performed. */ #define PROMPT_STRING_DECODE /* Define BUFFERED_INPUT if you want the shell to do its own input buffering. */ #define BUFFERED_INPUT /* Define INTERACTIVE_COMMENTS if you want # comments to work by default when the shell is interactive, as Posix.2a specifies. */ #define INTERACTIVE_COMMENTS /* Define ONESHOT if you want sh -c 'command' to avoid forking to execute `command' whenever possible. */ #define ONESHOT /* Default primary and secondary prompt strings. */ #define PPROMPT "bash\\$ " #define SPROMPT "> " /* Define SELECT_COMMAND if you want the Korn-shell style `select' command: select word in word_list; do command_list; done */ #define SELECT_COMMAND #endif /* !_CONFIG_H_ */ bash-1.14.3/config.h.mini 644 436 0 14212 5541424672 13253 0ustar chetwheel/* config.h -- Configuration file for bash. */ /* This is a `minimal' configuration file. It will create a shell without: job control aliases pushd and popd readline history restricted shell mode `disabled' builtins (builtin xxx finds xxx even after enable -n xxx) process substitution prompt string decoding (though variable expansion is still done) the `select' command */ /* Copyright (C) 1987,1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc. This file is part of GNU Bash, the Bourne Again SHell. Bash is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 1, or (at your option) any later version. Bash is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details. You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with Bash; see the file COPYING. If not, write to the Free Software Foundation, 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. */ #if !defined (_CONFIG_H_) #define _CONFIG_H_ #include "memalloc.h" #if defined (HPUX) || defined (UNIXPC) || defined (Xenix) # if !defined (USG) # define USG # endif #endif #if defined (HAVE_UNISTD_H) && !defined (BUILDING_MAKEFILE) #include #endif /* Define JOB_CONTROL if your operating system supports BSD-like job control. */ /* #define JOB_CONTROL */ /* Note that vanilla System V machines don't support BSD job control, although some do support Posix job control. */ #if defined (USG) && !defined (_POSIX_JOB_CONTROL) # undef JOB_CONTROL #endif /* USG && !_POSIX_JOB_CONTROL */ /* Define ALIAS if you want the alias features. */ /* #define ALIAS */ /* Define PUSHD_AND_POPD if you want those commands to be compiled in. (Also the `dirs' commands.) */ /* #define PUSHD_AND_POPD */ /* Define BRACE_EXPANSION if you want curly brace expansion a la Csh: foo{a,b} -> fooa foob. Even if this is compiled in (the default) you can turn it off at shell startup with `-nobraceexpansion', or during shell execution with `set +o braceexpand'. */ /* #define BRACE_EXPANSION */ /* Define READLINE to get the nifty/glitzy editing features. This is on by default. You can turn it off interactively with the -nolineediting flag. */ /* #define READLINE */ /* Define BANG_HISTORY if you want to have Csh style "!" history expansion. This is unrelated to READLINE. */ /* #define BANG_HISTORY */ /* Define HISTORY if you want to have access to previously typed commands. If both HISTORY and READLINE are defined, you can get at the commands with line editing commands, and you can directly manipulate the history from the command line. If only HISTORY is defined, the `fc' and `history' builtins are available. */ /* #define HISTORY */ #if defined (BANG_HISTORY) && !defined (HISTORY) /* BANG_HISTORY requires HISTORY. */ # define HISTORY #endif /* BANG_HISTORY && !HISTORY */ /* The default value of the PATH variable. */ #define DEFAULT_PATH_VALUE \ ":/usr/gnu/bin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/ucb:/bin:/usr/bin:/etc:/usr/etc" /* The value for PATH when invoking `command -p'. This is only used when the Posix.2 confstr () function, or CS_PATH define are not present. */ #define STANDARD_UTILS_PATH \ "/bin:/usr/bin:/usr/ucb:/usr/sbin:/etc:/usr/etc" /* Define V9_ECHO if you want to give the echo builtin backslash-escape interpretation using the -e option, in the style of the Bell Labs 9th Edition version of echo. */ #define V9_ECHO /* Define DEFAULT_ECHO_TO_USG if you want the echo builtin to interpret the backslash-escape characters by default, like the System V echo. This requires that V9_ECHO be defined. */ /* #define DEFAULT_ECHO_TO_USG */ #if !defined (V9_ECHO) # undef DEFAULT_ECHO_TO_USG #endif /* Define CONTINUE_AFTER_KILL_ERROR if you want the kill command to continue processing arguments after one of them fails. */ #define CONTINUE_AFTER_KILL_ERROR /* Define BREAK_COMPLAINS if you want the non-standard, but useful error messages about `break' and `continue' out of context. */ #define BREAK_COMPLAINS /* Define GETOPTS_BUILTIN if you want the Posix.2 `getopts' shell builtin compiled into the shell. */ #define GETOPTS_BUILTIN /* When ALLOW_RIGID_POSIX_COMPLIANCE is defined, you can turn on strictly Posix compliant behaviour by setting the environment variable POSIXLY_CORRECT. */ #define ALLOW_RIGID_POSIX_COMPLIANCE /* Define RESTRICTED_SHELL if you want the generated shell to have the ability to be a restricted one. The shell thus generated can become restricted by being run with the name "rbash", or by setting the -r flag. */ /* #define RESTRICTED_SHELL */ /* Define DISABLED_BUILTINS if you want "builtin foo" to always run the shell builtin "foo", even if it has been disabled with "enable -n foo". */ /* #define DISABLED_BUILTINS */ /* Define PROCESS_SUBSTITUTION if you want the K*rn shell-like process substitution features "<(file)". */ /* Right now, you cannot do this on machines without fully operational FIFO support. This currently include NeXT and Alliant. */ #if !defined (MKFIFO_MISSING) # define PROCESS_SUBSTITUTION #endif /* !MKFIFO_MISSING */ /* Define PROMPT_STRING_DECODE if you want the backslash-escaped special characters in PS1 and PS2 expanded. Variable expansion will still be performed. */ /* #define PROMPT_STRING_DECODE */ /* Define BUFFERED_INPUT if you want the shell to do its own input buffering. */ #define BUFFERED_INPUT /* Define INTERACTIVE_COMMENTS if you want # comments to work by default when the shell is interactive, as Posix.2a specifies. */ #define INTERACTIVE_COMMENTS /* Define ONESHOT if you want sh -c 'command' to avoid forking to execute `command' whenever possible. */ #define ONESHOT /* Default primary and secondary prompt strings. */ #define PPROMPT "bash\\$ " #define SPROMPT "> " /* Define SELECT_COMMAND if you want the Korn-shell style `select' command: select word in word_list; do command_list; done */ /* #define SELECT_COMMAND */ #endif /* !_CONFIG_H_ */ bash-1.14.3/configure 775 436 0 373 5104031260 12534 0ustar chetwheel#!/bin/sh # # This shell script does nothing since Bash doesn't require # configuration to be forced on it; it auto-configures. You can # change the location of the source directory with +srcdir. # echo "Bash is configured to auto configure." exit 0 bash-1.14.3/copy_cmd.c 644 436 0 17742 5562311250 12644 0ustar chetwheel/* copy_command.c -- copy a COMMAND structure. This is needed primarily for making function definitions, but I'm not sure that anyone else will need it. */ /* Copyright (C) 1987,1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc. This file is part of GNU Bash, the Bourne Again SHell. Bash is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 1, or (at your option) any later version. Bash is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details. You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with Bash; see the file COPYING. If not, write to the Free Software Foundation, 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. */ #include #if defined (HAVE_STRING_H) # include #else /* !HAVE_STRING_H */ # include #endif /* !HAVE_STRING_H */ #include "shell.h" WORD_DESC * copy_word (word) WORD_DESC *word; { WORD_DESC *new_word = (WORD_DESC *)xmalloc (sizeof (WORD_DESC)); FASTCOPY ((char *)word, (char *)new_word, sizeof (WORD_DESC)); new_word->word = savestring (word->word); return (new_word); } /* Copy the chain of words in LIST. Return a pointer to the new chain. */ WORD_LIST * copy_word_list (list) WORD_LIST *list; { WORD_LIST *new_list = NULL; while (list) { WORD_LIST *temp = (WORD_LIST *)xmalloc (sizeof (WORD_LIST)); temp->next = new_list; new_list = temp; new_list->word = copy_word (list->word); list = list->next; } return (REVERSE_LIST (new_list, WORD_LIST *)); } static PATTERN_LIST * copy_case_clause (clause) PATTERN_LIST *clause; { PATTERN_LIST *new_clause = (PATTERN_LIST *)xmalloc (sizeof (PATTERN_LIST)); new_clause->patterns = copy_word_list (clause->patterns); new_clause->action = copy_command (clause->action); return (new_clause); } static PATTERN_LIST * copy_case_clauses (clauses) PATTERN_LIST *clauses; { PATTERN_LIST *new_list = (PATTERN_LIST *)NULL; while (clauses) { PATTERN_LIST *new_clause = copy_case_clause (clauses); new_clause->next = new_list; new_list = new_clause; clauses = clauses->next; } return (REVERSE_LIST (new_list, PATTERN_LIST *)); } /* Copy a single redirect. */ REDIRECT * copy_redirect (redirect) REDIRECT *redirect; { REDIRECT *new_redirect = (REDIRECT *)xmalloc (sizeof (REDIRECT)); FASTCOPY ((char *)redirect, (char *)new_redirect, (sizeof (REDIRECT))); switch (redirect->instruction) { case r_reading_until: case r_deblank_reading_until: new_redirect->here_doc_eof = savestring (redirect->here_doc_eof); /* There is NO BREAK HERE ON PURPOSE!!!! */ case r_appending_to: case r_output_direction: case r_input_direction: case r_inputa_direction: case r_err_and_out: case r_input_output: case r_output_force: case r_duplicating_input_word: case r_duplicating_output_word: new_redirect->redirectee.filename = copy_word (redirect->redirectee.filename); break; } return (new_redirect); } REDIRECT * copy_redirects (list) REDIRECT *list; { REDIRECT *new_list = NULL; while (list) { REDIRECT *temp = copy_redirect (list); temp->next = new_list; new_list = temp; list = list->next; } return (REVERSE_LIST (new_list, REDIRECT *)); } static FOR_COM * copy_for_command (com) FOR_COM *com; { FOR_COM *new_for = (FOR_COM *)xmalloc (sizeof (FOR_COM)); new_for->flags = com->flags; new_for->name = copy_word (com->name); new_for->map_list = copy_word_list (com->map_list); new_for->action = copy_command (com->action); return (new_for); } #if defined (SELECT_COMMAND) static SELECT_COM * copy_select_command (com) SELECT_COM *com; { SELECT_COM *new_select = (SELECT_COM *)xmalloc (sizeof (SELECT_COM)); new_select->flags = com->flags; new_select->name = copy_word (com->name); new_select->map_list = copy_word_list (com->map_list); new_select->action = copy_command (com->action); return (new_select); } #endif /* SELECT_COMMAND */ static GROUP_COM * copy_group_command (com) GROUP_COM *com; { GROUP_COM *new_group = (GROUP_COM *)xmalloc (sizeof (GROUP_COM)); new_group->command = copy_command (com->command); return (new_group); } static CASE_COM * copy_case_command (com) CASE_COM *com; { CASE_COM *new_case = (CASE_COM *)xmalloc (sizeof (CASE_COM)); new_case->flags = com->flags; new_case->word = copy_word (com->word); new_case->clauses = copy_case_clauses (com->clauses); return (new_case); } static WHILE_COM * copy_while_command (com) WHILE_COM *com; { WHILE_COM *new_while = (WHILE_COM *)xmalloc (sizeof (WHILE_COM)); new_while->flags = com->flags; new_while->test = copy_command (com->test); new_while->action = copy_command (com->action); return (new_while); } static IF_COM * copy_if_command (com) IF_COM *com; { IF_COM *new_if = (IF_COM *)xmalloc (sizeof (IF_COM)); new_if->flags = com->flags; new_if->test = copy_command (com->test); new_if->true_case = copy_command (com->true_case); new_if->false_case = copy_command (com->false_case); return (new_if); } static SIMPLE_COM * copy_simple_command (com) SIMPLE_COM *com; { SIMPLE_COM *new_simple = (SIMPLE_COM *)xmalloc (sizeof (SIMPLE_COM)); new_simple->flags = com->flags; new_simple->words = copy_word_list (com->words); new_simple->redirects = copy_redirects (com->redirects); new_simple->line = com->line; return (new_simple); } static FUNCTION_DEF * copy_function_def (com) FUNCTION_DEF *com; { FUNCTION_DEF *new_def = (FUNCTION_DEF *)xmalloc (sizeof (FUNCTION_DEF)); new_def->name = copy_word (com->name); new_def->command = copy_command (com->command); return (new_def); } /* Copy the command structure in COMMAND. Return a pointer to the copy. Don't you forget to dispose_command () on this pointer later! */ COMMAND * copy_command (command) COMMAND *command; { COMMAND *new_command = (COMMAND *)NULL; if (command) { new_command = (COMMAND *)xmalloc (sizeof (COMMAND)); FASTCOPY ((char *)command, (char *)new_command, sizeof (COMMAND)); new_command->flags = command->flags; new_command->line = command->line; if (command->redirects) new_command->redirects = copy_redirects (command->redirects); switch (command->type) { case cm_for: new_command->value.For = copy_for_command (command->value.For); break; #if defined (SELECT_COMMAND) case cm_select: new_command->value.Select = copy_select_command (command->value.Select); break; #endif case cm_group: new_command->value.Group = copy_group_command (command->value.Group); break; case cm_case: new_command->value.Case = copy_case_command (command->value.Case); break; case cm_until: case cm_while: new_command->value.While = copy_while_command (command->value.While); break; case cm_if: new_command->value.If = copy_if_command (command->value.If); break; case cm_simple: new_command->value.Simple = copy_simple_command (command->value.Simple); break; case cm_connection: { CONNECTION *new_connection; new_connection = (CONNECTION *)xmalloc (sizeof (CONNECTION)); new_connection->connector = command->value.Connection->connector; new_connection->first = copy_command (command->value.Connection->first); new_connection->second = copy_command (command->value.Connection->second); new_command->value.Connection = new_connection; break; } /* Pathological case. I'm not even sure that you can have a function definition as part of a function definition. */ case cm_function_def: new_command->value.Function_def = copy_function_def (command->value.Function_def); break; } } return (new_command); } bash-1.14.3/lib/ 775 436 0 0 5620515657 11354 5ustar chetwheelbash-1.14.3/lib/doc-support/ 775 436 0 0 5620515710 13621 5ustar chetwheelbash-1.14.3/lib/doc-support/texindex.c 664 436 0 113427 5553255231 15751 0ustar chetwheel/* Prepare TeX index dribble output into an actual index. Version 1.45 Copyright (C) 1987, 1991, 1992 Free Software Foundation, Inc. This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option) any later version. This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details. You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. */ #include #include #include #include "getopt.h" #include "bashansi.h" #if !defined (errno) extern int errno; #endif #if defined (HAVE_UNISTD_H) # include #else /* !HAVE_UNISTD_H */ extern long lseek (); #endif /* !HAVE_UNISTD_H */ extern char *mktemp (); #if !defined (HAVE_STRERROR) extern int sys_nerr; extern char *sys_errlist[]; #endif #include #if defined (_AIX) || !defined (_POSIX_VERSION) # include #endif #include #define TI_NO_ERROR 0 #define TI_FATAL_ERROR 1 #if !defined (SEEK_SET) # define SEEK_SET 0 # define SEEK_CUR 1 # define SEEK_END 2 #endif /* !SEEK_SET */ /* When sorting in core, this structure describes one line and the position and length of its first keyfield. */ struct lineinfo { char *text; /* The actual text of the line. */ union { char *text; /* The start of the key (for textual comparison). */ long number; /* The numeric value (for numeric comparison). */ } key; long keylen; /* Length of KEY field. */ }; /* This structure describes a field to use as a sort key. */ struct keyfield { int startwords; /* Number of words to skip. */ int startchars; /* Number of additional chars to skip. */ int endwords; /* Number of words to ignore at end. */ int endchars; /* Ditto for characters of last word. */ char ignore_blanks; /* Non-zero means ignore spaces and tabs. */ char fold_case; /* Non-zero means case doesn't matter. */ char reverse; /* Non-zero means compare in reverse order. */ char numeric; /* Non-zeros means field is ASCII numeric. */ char positional; /* Sort according to file position. */ char braced; /* Count balanced-braced groupings as fields. */ }; /* Vector of keyfields to use. */ struct keyfield keyfields[3]; /* Number of keyfields stored in that vector. */ int num_keyfields = 3; /* Vector of input file names, terminated with a null pointer. */ char **infiles; /* Vector of corresponding output file names, or NULL, meaning default it (add an `s' to the end). */ char **outfiles; /* Length of `infiles'. */ int num_infiles; /* Pointer to the array of pointers to lines being sorted. */ char **linearray; /* The allocated length of `linearray'. */ long nlines; /* Directory to use for temporary files. On Unix, it ends with a slash. */ char *tempdir; /* Start of filename to use for temporary files. */ char *tempbase; /* Number of last temporary file. */ int tempcount; /* Number of last temporary file already deleted. Temporary files are deleted by `flush_tempfiles' in order of creation. */ int last_deleted_tempcount; /* During in-core sort, this points to the base of the data block which contains all the lines of data. */ char *text_base; /* Additional command switches .*/ /* Nonzero means do not delete tempfiles -- for debugging. */ int keep_tempfiles; /* The name this program was run with. */ char *program_name; /* Forward declarations of functions in this file. */ void decode_command (); void sort_in_core (); void sort_offline (); char **parsefile (); char *find_field (); char *find_pos (); long find_value (); char *find_braced_pos (); char *find_braced_end (); void writelines (); int compare_field (); int compare_full (); long readline (); int merge_files (); int merge_direct (); void pfatal_with_name (); void fatal (); void error (); void *xmalloc (), *xrealloc (); char *concat (); char *maketempname (); void flush_tempfiles (); char *tempcopy (); #define MAX_IN_CORE_SORT 500000 void main (argc, argv) int argc; char **argv; { int i; tempcount = 0; last_deleted_tempcount = 0; program_name = argv[0]; /* Describe the kind of sorting to do. */ /* The first keyfield uses the first braced field and folds case. */ keyfields[0].braced = 1; keyfields[0].fold_case = 1; keyfields[0].endwords = -1; keyfields[0].endchars = -1; /* The second keyfield uses the second braced field, numerically. */ keyfields[1].braced = 1; keyfields[1].numeric = 1; keyfields[1].startwords = 1; keyfields[1].endwords = -1; keyfields[1].endchars = -1; /* The third keyfield (which is ignored while discarding duplicates) compares the whole line. */ keyfields[2].endwords = -1; keyfields[2].endchars = -1; decode_command (argc, argv); tempbase = mktemp (concat ("txiXXXXXX", "", "")); /* Process input files completely, one by one. */ for (i = 0; i < num_infiles; i++) { int desc; long ptr; char *outfile; desc = open (infiles[i], O_RDONLY, 0); if (desc < 0) pfatal_with_name (infiles[i]); lseek (desc, 0L, SEEK_END); ptr = lseek (desc, 0L, SEEK_CUR); close (desc); outfile = outfiles[i]; if (!outfile) { outfile = concat (infiles[i], "s", ""); } if (ptr < MAX_IN_CORE_SORT) /* Sort a small amount of data. */ sort_in_core (infiles[i], ptr, outfile); else sort_offline (infiles[i], ptr, outfile); } flush_tempfiles (tempcount); exit (TI_NO_ERROR); } void usage () { fprintf (stderr, "\ Usage: %s [-k] infile [-o outfile] ...\n", program_name); exit (1); } /* Decode the command line arguments to set the parameter variables and set up the vector of keyfields and the vector of input files. */ void decode_command (argc, argv) int argc; char **argv; { int optc; char **ip; char **op; /* Store default values into parameter variables. */ tempdir = getenv ("TMPDIR"); if (tempdir == NULL) tempdir = "/tmp/"; else tempdir = concat (tempdir, "/", ""); keep_tempfiles = 0; /* Allocate ARGC input files, which must be enough. */ infiles = (char **) xmalloc (argc * sizeof (char *)); outfiles = (char **) xmalloc (argc * sizeof (char *)); ip = infiles; op = outfiles; while ((optc = getopt (argc, argv, "-ko:")) != EOF) { switch (optc) { case 1: /* Non-option filename. */ *ip++ = optarg; *op++ = NULL; break; case 'k': keep_tempfiles = 1; break; case 'o': if (op > outfiles) *(op - 1) = optarg; break; default: usage (); } } /* Record number of keyfields and terminate list of filenames. */ num_infiles = ip - infiles; *ip = 0; if (num_infiles == 0) usage (); } /* Return a name for a temporary file. */ char * maketempname (count) int count; { char tempsuffix[10]; sprintf (tempsuffix, "%d", count); return concat (tempdir, tempbase, tempsuffix); } /* Delete all temporary files up to TO_COUNT. */ void flush_tempfiles (to_count) int to_count; { if (keep_tempfiles) return; while (last_deleted_tempcount < to_count) unlink (maketempname (++last_deleted_tempcount)); } /* Copy the input file open on IDESC into a temporary file and return the temporary file name. */ #define BUFSIZE 1024 char * tempcopy (idesc) int idesc; { char *outfile = maketempname (++tempcount); int odesc; char buffer[BUFSIZE]; odesc = open (outfile, O_WRONLY | O_CREAT, 0666); if (odesc < 0) pfatal_with_name (outfile); while (1) { int nread = read (idesc, buffer, BUFSIZE); write (odesc, buffer, nread); if (!nread) break; } close (odesc); return outfile; } /* Compare LINE1 and LINE2 according to the specified set of keyfields. */ int compare_full (line1, line2) char **line1, **line2; { int i; /* Compare using the first keyfield; if that does not distinguish the lines, try the second keyfield; and so on. */ for (i = 0; i < num_keyfields; i++) { long length1, length2; char *start1 = find_field (&keyfields[i], *line1, &length1); char *start2 = find_field (&keyfields[i], *line2, &length2); int tem = compare_field (&keyfields[i], start1, length1, *line1 - text_base, start2, length2, *line2 - text_base); if (tem) { if (keyfields[i].reverse) return -tem; return tem; } } return 0; /* Lines match exactly. */ } /* Compare LINE1 and LINE2, described by structures in which the first keyfield is identified in advance. For positional sorting, assumes that the order of the lines in core reflects their nominal order. */ int compare_prepared (line1, line2) struct lineinfo *line1, *line2; { int i; int tem; char *text1, *text2; /* Compare using the first keyfield, which has been found for us already. */ if (keyfields->positional) { if (line1->text - text_base > line2->text - text_base) tem = 1; else tem = -1; } else if (keyfields->numeric) tem = line1->key.number - line2->key.number; else tem = compare_field (keyfields, line1->key.text, line1->keylen, 0, line2->key.text, line2->keylen, 0); if (tem) { if (keyfields->reverse) return -tem; return tem; } text1 = line1->text; text2 = line2->text; /* Compare using the second keyfield; if that does not distinguish the lines, try the third keyfield; and so on. */ for (i = 1; i < num_keyfields; i++) { long length1, length2; char *start1 = find_field (&keyfields[i], text1, &length1); char *start2 = find_field (&keyfields[i], text2, &length2); int tem = compare_field (&keyfields[i], start1, length1, text1 - text_base, start2, length2, text2 - text_base); if (tem) { if (keyfields[i].reverse) return -tem; return tem; } } return 0; /* Lines match exactly. */ } /* Like compare_full but more general. You can pass any strings, and you can say how many keyfields to use. POS1 and POS2 should indicate the nominal positional ordering of the two lines in the input. */ int compare_general (str1, str2, pos1, pos2, use_keyfields) char *str1, *str2; long pos1, pos2; int use_keyfields; { int i; /* Compare using the first keyfield; if that does not distinguish the lines, try the second keyfield; and so on. */ for (i = 0; i < use_keyfields; i++) { long length1, length2; char *start1 = find_field (&keyfields[i], str1, &length1); char *start2 = find_field (&keyfields[i], str2, &length2); int tem = compare_field (&keyfields[i], start1, length1, pos1, start2, length2, pos2); if (tem) { if (keyfields[i].reverse) return -tem; return tem; } } return 0; /* Lines match exactly. */ } /* Find the start and length of a field in STR according to KEYFIELD. A pointer to the starting character is returned, and the length is stored into the int that LENGTHPTR points to. */ char * find_field (keyfield, str, lengthptr) struct keyfield *keyfield; char *str; long *lengthptr; { char *start; char *end; char *(*fun) (); if (keyfield->braced) fun = find_braced_pos; else fun = find_pos; start = (*fun) (str, keyfield->startwords, keyfield->startchars, keyfield->ignore_blanks); if (keyfield->endwords < 0) { if (keyfield->braced) end = find_braced_end (start); else { end = start; while (*end && *end != '\n') end++; } } else { end = (*fun) (str, keyfield->endwords, keyfield->endchars, 0); if (end - str < start - str) end = start; } *lengthptr = end - start; return start; } /* Return a pointer to a specified place within STR, skipping (from the beginning) WORDS words and then CHARS chars. If IGNORE_BLANKS is nonzero, we skip all blanks after finding the specified word. */ char * find_pos (str, words, chars, ignore_blanks) char *str; int words, chars; int ignore_blanks; { int i; char *p = str; for (i = 0; i < words; i++) { char c; /* Find next bunch of nonblanks and skip them. */ while ((c = *p) == ' ' || c == '\t') p++; while ((c = *p) && c != '\n' && !(c == ' ' || c == '\t')) p++; if (!*p || *p == '\n') return p; } while (*p == ' ' || *p == '\t') p++; for (i = 0; i < chars; i++) { if (!*p || *p == '\n') break; p++; } return p; } /* Like find_pos but assumes that each field is surrounded by braces and that braces within fields are balanced. */ char * find_braced_pos (str, words, chars, ignore_blanks) char *str; int words, chars; int ignore_blanks; { int i; int bracelevel; char *p = str; char c; for (i = 0; i < words; i++) { bracelevel = 1; while ((c = *p++) != '{' && c != '\n' && c) /* Do nothing. */ ; if (c != '{') return p - 1; while (bracelevel) { c = *p++; if (c == '{') bracelevel++; if (c == '}') bracelevel--; if (c == 0 || c == '\n') return p - 1; } } while ((c = *p++) != '{' && c != '\n' && c) /* Do nothing. */ ; if (c != '{') return p - 1; if (ignore_blanks) while ((c = *p) == ' ' || c == '\t') p++; for (i = 0; i < chars; i++) { if (!*p || *p == '\n') break; p++; } return p; } /* Find the end of the balanced-brace field which starts at STR. The position returned is just before the closing brace. */ char * find_braced_end (str) char *str; { int bracelevel; char *p = str; char c; bracelevel = 1; while (bracelevel) { c = *p++; if (c == '{') bracelevel++; if (c == '}') bracelevel--; if (c == 0 || c == '\n') return p - 1; } return p - 1; } long find_value (start, length) char *start; long length; { while (length != 0L) { if (isdigit (*start)) return atol (start); length--; start++; } return 0l; } /* Vector used to translate characters for comparison. This is how we make all alphanumerics follow all else, and ignore case in the first sorting. */ int char_order[256]; void init_char_order () { int i; for (i = 1; i < 256; i++) char_order[i] = i; for (i = '0'; i <= '9'; i++) char_order[i] += 512; for (i = 'a'; i <= 'z'; i++) { char_order[i] = 512 + i; char_order[i + 'A' - 'a'] = 512 + i; } } /* Compare two fields (each specified as a start pointer and a character count) according to KEYFIELD. The sign of the value reports the relation between the fields. */ int compare_field (keyfield, start1, length1, pos1, start2, length2, pos2) struct keyfield *keyfield; char *start1; long length1; long pos1; char *start2; long length2; long pos2; { if (keyfields->positional) { if (pos1 > pos2) return 1; else return -1; } if (keyfield->numeric) { long value = find_value (start1, length1) - find_value (start2, length2); if (value > 0) return 1; if (value < 0) return -1; return 0; } else { char *p1 = start1; char *p2 = start2; char *e1 = start1 + length1; char *e2 = start2 + length2; while (1) { int c1, c2; if (p1 == e1) c1 = 0; else c1 = *p1++; if (p2 == e2) c2 = 0; else c2 = *p2++; if (char_order[c1] != char_order[c2]) return char_order[c1] - char_order[c2]; if (!c1) break; } /* Strings are equal except possibly for case. */ p1 = start1; p2 = start2; while (1) { int c1, c2; if (p1 == e1) c1 = 0; else c1 = *p1++; if (p2 == e2) c2 = 0; else c2 = *p2++; if (c1 != c2) /* Reverse sign here so upper case comes out last. */ return c2 - c1; if (!c1) break; } return 0; } } /* A `struct linebuffer' is a structure which holds a line of text. `readline' reads a line from a stream into a linebuffer and works regardless of the length of the line. */ struct linebuffer { long size; char *buffer; }; /* Initialize LINEBUFFER for use. */ void initbuffer (linebuffer) struct linebuffer *linebuffer; { linebuffer->size = 200; linebuffer->buffer = (char *) xmalloc (200); } /* Read a line of text from STREAM into LINEBUFFER. Return the length of the line. */ long readline (linebuffer, stream) struct linebuffer *linebuffer; FILE *stream; { char *buffer = linebuffer->buffer; char *p = linebuffer->buffer; char *end = p + linebuffer->size; while (1) { int c = getc (stream); if (p == end) { buffer = (char *) xrealloc (buffer, linebuffer->size *= 2); p += buffer - linebuffer->buffer; end += buffer - linebuffer->buffer; linebuffer->buffer = buffer; } if (c < 0 || c == '\n') { *p = 0; break; } *p++ = c; } return p - buffer; } /* Sort an input file too big to sort in core. */ void sort_offline (infile, nfiles, total, outfile) char *infile; int nfiles; long total; char *outfile; { /* More than enough. */ int ntemps = 2 * (total + MAX_IN_CORE_SORT - 1) / MAX_IN_CORE_SORT; char **tempfiles = (char **) xmalloc (ntemps * sizeof (char *)); FILE *istream = fopen (infile, "r"); int i; struct linebuffer lb; long linelength; int failure = 0; initbuffer (&lb); /* Read in one line of input data. */ linelength = readline (&lb, istream); if (lb.buffer[0] != '\\' && lb.buffer[0] != '@') { error ("%s: not a texinfo index file", infile); return; } /* Split up the input into `ntemps' temporary files, or maybe fewer, and put the new files' names into `tempfiles' */ for (i = 0; i < ntemps; i++) { char *outname = maketempname (++tempcount); FILE *ostream = fopen (outname, "w"); long tempsize = 0; if (!ostream) pfatal_with_name (outname); tempfiles[i] = outname; /* Copy lines into this temp file as long as it does not make file "too big" or until there are no more lines. */ while (tempsize + linelength + 1 <= MAX_IN_CORE_SORT) { tempsize += linelength + 1; fputs (lb.buffer, ostream); putc ('\n', ostream); /* Read another line of input data. */ linelength = readline (&lb, istream); if (!linelength && feof (istream)) break; if (lb.buffer[0] != '\\' && lb.buffer[0] != '@') { error ("%s: not a texinfo index file", infile); failure = 1; goto fail; } } fclose (ostream); if (feof (istream)) break; } free (lb.buffer); fail: /* Record number of temp files we actually needed. */ ntemps = i; /* Sort each tempfile into another tempfile. Delete the first set of tempfiles and put the names of the second into `tempfiles'. */ for (i = 0; i < ntemps; i++) { char *newtemp = maketempname (++tempcount); sort_in_core (&tempfiles[i], MAX_IN_CORE_SORT, newtemp); if (!keep_tempfiles) unlink (tempfiles[i]); tempfiles[i] = newtemp; } if (failure) return; /* Merge the tempfiles together and indexify. */ merge_files (tempfiles, ntemps, outfile); } /* Sort INFILE, whose size is TOTAL, assuming that is small enough to be done in-core, then indexify it and send the output to OUTFILE (or to stdout). */ void sort_in_core (infile, total, outfile) char *infile; long total; char *outfile; { char **nextline; char *data = (char *) xmalloc (total + 1); char *file_data; long file_size; int i; FILE *ostream = stdout; struct lineinfo *lineinfo; /* Read the contents of the file into the moby array `data'. */ int desc = open (infile, O_RDONLY, 0); if (desc < 0) fatal ("failure reopening %s", infile); for (file_size = 0;;) { i = read (desc, data + file_size, total - file_size); if (i <= 0) break; file_size += i; } file_data = data; data[file_size] = 0; close (desc); if (file_size > 0 && data[0] != '\\' && data[0] != '@') { error ("%s: not a texinfo index file", infile); return; } init_char_order (); /* Sort routines want to know this address. */ text_base = data; /* Create the array of pointers to lines, with a default size frequently enough. */ nlines = total / 50; if (!nlines) nlines = 2; linearray = (char **) xmalloc (nlines * sizeof (char *)); /* `nextline' points to the next free slot in this array. `nlines' is the allocated size. */ nextline = linearray; /* Parse the input file's data, and make entries for the lines. */ nextline = parsefile (infile, nextline, file_data, file_size); if (nextline == 0) { error ("%s: not a texinfo index file", infile); return; } /* Sort the lines. */ /* If we have enough space, find the first keyfield of each line in advance. Make a `struct lineinfo' for each line, which records the keyfield as well as the line, and sort them. */ lineinfo = (struct lineinfo *) malloc ((nextline - linearray) * sizeof (struct lineinfo)); if (lineinfo) { struct lineinfo *lp; char **p; for (lp = lineinfo, p = linearray; p != nextline; lp++, p++) { lp->text = *p; lp->key.text = find_field (keyfields, *p, &lp->keylen); if (keyfields->numeric) lp->key.number = find_value (lp->key.text, lp->keylen); } qsort (lineinfo, nextline - linearray, sizeof (struct lineinfo), compare_prepared); for (lp = lineinfo, p = linearray; p != nextline; lp++, p++) *p = lp->text; free (lineinfo); } else qsort (linearray, nextline - linearray, sizeof (char *), compare_full); /* Open the output file. */ if (outfile) { ostream = fopen (outfile, "w"); if (!ostream) pfatal_with_name (outfile); } writelines (linearray, nextline - linearray, ostream); if (outfile) fclose (ostream); free (linearray); free (data); } /* Parse an input string in core into lines. DATA is the input string, and SIZE is its length. Data goes in LINEARRAY starting at NEXTLINE. The value returned is the first entry in LINEARRAY still unused. Value 0 means input file contents are invalid. */ char ** parsefile (filename, nextline, data, size) char *filename; char **nextline; char *data; long size; { char *p, *end; char **line = nextline; p = data; end = p + size; *end = 0; while (p != end) { if (p[0] != '\\' && p[0] != '@') return 0; *line = p; while (*p && *p != '\n') p++; if (p != end) p++; line++; if (line == linearray + nlines) { char **old = linearray; linearray = (char **) xrealloc (linearray, sizeof (char *) * (nlines *= 4)); line += linearray - old; } } return line; } /* Indexification is a filter applied to the sorted lines as they are being written to the output file. Multiple entries for the same name, with different page numbers, get combined into a single entry with multiple page numbers. The first braced field, which is used for sorting, is discarded. However, its first character is examined, folded to lower case, and if it is different from that in the previous line fed to us a \initial line is written with one argument, the new initial. If an entry has four braced fields, then the second and third constitute primary and secondary names. In this case, each change of primary name generates a \primary line which contains only the primary name, and in between these are \secondary lines which contain just a secondary name and page numbers. */ /* The last primary name we wrote a \primary entry for. If only one level of indexing is being done, this is the last name seen. */ char *lastprimary; /* Length of storage allocated for lastprimary. */ int lastprimarylength; /* Similar, for the secondary name. */ char *lastsecondary; int lastsecondarylength; /* Zero if we are not in the middle of writing an entry. One if we have written the beginning of an entry but have not yet written any page numbers into it. Greater than one if we have written the beginning of an entry plus at least one page number. */ int pending; /* The initial (for sorting purposes) of the last primary entry written. When this changes, a \initial {c} line is written */ char *lastinitial; int lastinitiallength; /* When we need a string of length 1 for the value of lastinitial, store it here. */ char lastinitial1[2]; /* Initialize static storage for writing an index. */ static void xbzero(s, n) char *s; int n; { register char *p; for (p = s; n--; ) *p++ = '\0'; } void init_index () { pending = 0; lastinitial = lastinitial1; lastinitial1[0] = 0; lastinitial1[1] = 0; lastinitiallength = 0; lastprimarylength = 100; lastprimary = (char *) xmalloc (lastprimarylength + 1); xbzero (lastprimary, lastprimarylength + 1); lastsecondarylength = 100; lastsecondary = (char *) xmalloc (lastsecondarylength + 1); xbzero (lastsecondary, lastsecondarylength + 1); } /* Indexify. Merge entries for the same name, insert headers for each initial character, etc. */ void indexify (line, ostream) char *line; FILE *ostream; { char *primary, *secondary, *pagenumber; int primarylength, secondarylength = 0, pagelength; int nosecondary; int initiallength; char *initial; char initial1[2]; register char *p; /* First, analyze the parts of the entry fed to us this time. */ p = find_braced_pos (line, 0, 0, 0); if (*p == '{') { initial = p; /* Get length of inner pair of braces starting at `p', including that inner pair of braces. */ initiallength = find_braced_end (p + 1) + 1 - p; } else { initial = initial1; initial1[0] = *p; initial1[1] = 0; initiallength = 1; if (initial1[0] >= 'a' && initial1[0] <= 'z') initial1[0] -= 040; } pagenumber = find_braced_pos (line, 1, 0, 0); pagelength = find_braced_end (pagenumber) - pagenumber; if (pagelength == 0) abort (); primary = find_braced_pos (line, 2, 0, 0); primarylength = find_braced_end (primary) - primary; secondary = find_braced_pos (line, 3, 0, 0); nosecondary = !*secondary; if (!nosecondary) secondarylength = find_braced_end (secondary) - secondary; /* If the primary is different from before, make a new primary entry. */ if (strncmp (primary, lastprimary, primarylength)) { /* Close off current secondary entry first, if one is open. */ if (pending) { fputs ("}\n", ostream); pending = 0; } /* If this primary has a different initial, include an entry for the initial. */ if (initiallength != lastinitiallength || strncmp (initial, lastinitial, initiallength)) { fprintf (ostream, "\\initial {"); fwrite (initial, 1, initiallength, ostream); fprintf (ostream, "}\n", initial); if (initial == initial1) { lastinitial = lastinitial1; *lastinitial1 = *initial1; } else { lastinitial = initial; } lastinitiallength = initiallength; } /* Make the entry for the primary. */ if (nosecondary) fputs ("\\entry {", ostream); else fputs ("\\primary {", ostream); fwrite (primary, primarylength, 1, ostream); if (nosecondary) { fputs ("}{", ostream); pending = 1; } else fputs ("}\n", ostream); /* Record name of most recent primary. */ if (lastprimarylength < primarylength) { lastprimarylength = primarylength + 100; lastprimary = (char *) xrealloc (lastprimary, 1 + lastprimarylength); } strncpy (lastprimary, primary, primarylength); lastprimary[primarylength] = 0; /* There is no current secondary within this primary, now. */ lastsecondary[0] = 0; } /* Should not have an entry with no subtopic following one with a subtopic. */ if (nosecondary && *lastsecondary) error ("entry %s follows an entry with a secondary name", line); /* Start a new secondary entry if necessary. */ if (!nosecondary && strncmp (secondary, lastsecondary, secondarylength)) { if (pending) { fputs ("}\n", ostream); pending = 0; } /* Write the entry for the secondary. */ fputs ("\\secondary {", ostream); fwrite (secondary, secondarylength, 1, ostream); fputs ("}{", ostream); pending = 1; /* Record name of most recent secondary. */ if (lastsecondarylength < secondarylength) { lastsecondarylength = secondarylength + 100; lastsecondary = (char *) xrealloc (lastsecondary, 1 + lastsecondarylength); } strncpy (lastsecondary, secondary, secondarylength); lastsecondary[secondarylength] = 0; } /* Here to add one more page number to the current entry. */ if (pending++ != 1) fputs (", ", ostream); /* Punctuate first, if this is not the first. */ fwrite (pagenumber, pagelength, 1, ostream); } /* Close out any unfinished output entry. */ void finish_index (ostream) FILE *ostream; { if (pending) fputs ("}\n", ostream); free (lastprimary); free (lastsecondary); } /* Copy the lines in the sorted order. Each line is copied out of the input file it was found in. */ void writelines (linearray, nlines, ostream) char **linearray; int nlines; FILE *ostream; { char **stop_line = linearray + nlines; char **next_line; init_index (); /* Output the text of the lines, and free the buffer space. */ for (next_line = linearray; next_line != stop_line; next_line++) { /* If -u was specified, output the line only if distinct from previous one. */ if (next_line == linearray /* Compare previous line with this one, using only the explicitly specd keyfields. */ || compare_general (*(next_line - 1), *next_line, 0L, 0L, num_keyfields - 1)) { char *p = *next_line; char c; while ((c = *p++) && c != '\n') /* Do nothing. */ ; *(p - 1) = 0; indexify (*next_line, ostream); } } finish_index (ostream); } /* Assume (and optionally verify) that each input file is sorted; merge them and output the result. Returns nonzero if any input file fails to be sorted. This is the high-level interface that can handle an unlimited number of files. */ #define MAX_DIRECT_MERGE 10 int merge_files (infiles, nfiles, outfile) char **infiles; int nfiles; char *outfile; { char **tempfiles; int ntemps; int i; int value = 0; int start_tempcount = tempcount; if (nfiles <= MAX_DIRECT_MERGE) return merge_direct (infiles, nfiles, outfile); /* Merge groups of MAX_DIRECT_MERGE input files at a time, making a temporary file to hold each group's result. */ ntemps = (nfiles + MAX_DIRECT_MERGE - 1) / MAX_DIRECT_MERGE; tempfiles = (char **) xmalloc (ntemps * sizeof (char *)); for (i = 0; i < ntemps; i++) { int nf = MAX_DIRECT_MERGE; if (i + 1 == ntemps) nf = nfiles - i * MAX_DIRECT_MERGE; tempfiles[i] = maketempname (++tempcount); value |= merge_direct (&infiles[i * MAX_DIRECT_MERGE], nf, tempfiles[i]); } /* All temporary files that existed before are no longer needed since their contents have been merged into our new tempfiles. So delete them. */ flush_tempfiles (start_tempcount); /* Now merge the temporary files we created. */ merge_files (tempfiles, ntemps, outfile); free (tempfiles); return value; } /* Assume (and optionally verify) that each input file is sorted; merge them and output the result. Returns nonzero if any input file fails to be sorted. This version of merging will not work if the number of input files gets too high. Higher level functions use it only with a bounded number of input files. */ int merge_direct (infiles, nfiles, outfile) char **infiles; int nfiles; char *outfile; { struct linebuffer *lb1, *lb2; struct linebuffer **thisline, **prevline; FILE **streams; int i; int nleft; int lossage = 0; int *file_lossage; struct linebuffer *prev_out = 0; FILE *ostream = stdout; if (outfile) { ostream = fopen (outfile, "w"); } if (!ostream) pfatal_with_name (outfile); init_index (); if (nfiles == 0) { if (outfile) fclose (ostream); return 0; } /* For each file, make two line buffers. Also, for each file, there is an element of `thisline' which points at any time to one of the file's two buffers, and an element of `prevline' which points to the other buffer. `thisline' is supposed to point to the next available line from the file, while `prevline' holds the last file line used, which is remembered so that we can verify that the file is properly sorted. */ /* lb1 and lb2 contain one buffer each per file. */ lb1 = (struct linebuffer *) xmalloc (nfiles * sizeof (struct linebuffer)); lb2 = (struct linebuffer *) xmalloc (nfiles * sizeof (struct linebuffer)); /* thisline[i] points to the linebuffer holding the next available line in file i, or is zero if there are no lines left in that file. */ thisline = (struct linebuffer **) xmalloc (nfiles * sizeof (struct linebuffer *)); /* prevline[i] points to the linebuffer holding the last used line from file i. This is just for verifying that file i is properly sorted. */ prevline = (struct linebuffer **) xmalloc (nfiles * sizeof (struct linebuffer *)); /* streams[i] holds the input stream for file i. */ streams = (FILE **) xmalloc (nfiles * sizeof (FILE *)); /* file_lossage[i] is nonzero if we already know file i is not properly sorted. */ file_lossage = (int *) xmalloc (nfiles * sizeof (int)); /* Allocate and initialize all that storage. */ for (i = 0; i < nfiles; i++) { initbuffer (&lb1[i]); initbuffer (&lb2[i]); thisline[i] = &lb1[i]; prevline[i] = &lb2[i]; file_lossage[i] = 0; streams[i] = fopen (infiles[i], "r"); if (!streams[i]) pfatal_with_name (infiles[i]); readline (thisline[i], streams[i]); } /* Keep count of number of files not at eof. */ nleft = nfiles; while (nleft) { struct linebuffer *best = 0; struct linebuffer *exch; int bestfile = -1; int i; /* Look at the next avail line of each file; choose the least one. */ for (i = 0; i < nfiles; i++) { if (thisline[i] && (!best || 0 < compare_general (best->buffer, thisline[i]->buffer, (long) bestfile, (long) i, num_keyfields))) { best = thisline[i]; bestfile = i; } } /* Output that line, unless it matches the previous one and we don't want duplicates. */ if (!(prev_out && !compare_general (prev_out->buffer, best->buffer, 0L, 1L, num_keyfields - 1))) indexify (best->buffer, ostream); prev_out = best; /* Now make the line the previous of its file, and fetch a new line from that file. */ exch = prevline[bestfile]; prevline[bestfile] = thisline[bestfile]; thisline[bestfile] = exch; while (1) { /* If the file has no more, mark it empty. */ if (feof (streams[bestfile])) { thisline[bestfile] = 0; /* Update the number of files still not empty. */ nleft--; break; } readline (thisline[bestfile], streams[bestfile]); if (thisline[bestfile]->buffer[0] || !feof (streams[bestfile])) break; } } finish_index (ostream); /* Free all storage and close all input streams. */ for (i = 0; i < nfiles; i++) { fclose (streams[i]); free (lb1[i].buffer); free (lb2[i].buffer); } free (file_lossage); free (lb1); free (lb2); free (thisline); free (prevline); free (streams); if (outfile) fclose (ostream); return lossage; } /* Print error message and exit. */ void fatal (s1, s2) char *s1, *s2; { error (s1, s2); exit (TI_FATAL_ERROR); } /* Print error message. S1 is printf control string, S2 is arg for it. */ void error (s1, s2) char *s1, *s2; { printf ("%s: ", program_name); printf (s1, s2); printf ("\n"); } #if !defined (HAVE_STRERROR) static char * strerror (n) int n; { static char ebuf[40]; if (n < sys_nerr) return sys_errlist[n]; else { sprintf (ebuf, "Unknown error %d", n); return ebuf; } } #endif void perror_with_name (name) char *name; { char *s; s = concat ("", strerror (errno), " for %s"); error (s, name); } void pfatal_with_name (name) char *name; { char *s; s = concat ("", strerror (errno), " for %s"); fatal (s, name); } /* Return a newly-allocated string whose contents concatenate those of S1, S2, S3. */ char * concat (s1, s2, s3) char *s1, *s2, *s3; { int len1 = strlen (s1), len2 = strlen (s2), len3 = strlen (s3); char *result = (char *) xmalloc (len1 + len2 + len3 + 1); strcpy (result, s1); strcpy (result + len1, s2); strcpy (result + len1 + len2, s3); *(result + len1 + len2 + len3) = 0; return result; } /* Just like malloc, but kills the program in case of fatal error. */ void * xmalloc (nbytes) int nbytes; { void *temp = (void *) malloc (nbytes); if (nbytes && temp == (void *)NULL) memory_error ("xmalloc", nbytes); return (temp); } /* Like realloc (), but barfs if there isn't enough memory. */ void * xrealloc (pointer, nbytes) void *pointer; int nbytes; { void *temp; if (!pointer) temp = (void *)xmalloc (nbytes); else temp = (void *)realloc (pointer, nbytes); if (nbytes && !temp) memory_error ("xrealloc", nbytes); return (temp); } memory_error (callers_name, bytes_wanted) char *callers_name; int bytes_wanted; { char printable_string[80]; sprintf (printable_string, "Virtual memory exhausted in %s ()! Needed %d bytes.", callers_name, bytes_wanted); error (printable_string, ""); abort (); } bash-1.14.3/lib/doc-support/getopt.h 664 436 0 10474 5405635765 15420 0ustar chetwheel/* Declarations for getopt. Copyright (C) 1989, 1990, 1991, 1992, 1993 Free Software Foundation, Inc. This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option) any later version. This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details. You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. */ #ifndef _GETOPT_H #define _GETOPT_H 1 #ifdef __cplusplus extern "C" { #endif /* For communication from `getopt' to the caller. When `getopt' finds an option that takes an argument, the argument value is returned here. Also, when `ordering' is RETURN_IN_ORDER, each non-option ARGV-element is returned here. */ extern char *optarg; /* Index in ARGV of the next element to be scanned. This is used for communication to and from the caller and for communication between successive calls to `getopt'. On entry to `getopt', zero means this is the first call; initialize. When `getopt' returns EOF, this is the index of the first of the non-option elements that the caller should itself scan. Otherwise, `optind' communicates from one call to the next how much of ARGV has been scanned so far. */ extern int optind; /* Callers store zero here to inhibit the error message `getopt' prints for unrecognized options. */ extern int opterr; /* Set to an option character which was unrecognized. */ extern int optopt; /* Describe the long-named options requested by the application. The LONG_OPTIONS argument to getopt_long or getopt_long_only is a vector of `struct option' terminated by an element containing a name which is zero. The field `has_arg' is: no_argument (or 0) if the option does not take an argument, required_argument (or 1) if the option requires an argument, optional_argument (or 2) if the option takes an optional argument. If the field `flag' is not NULL, it points to a variable that is set to the value given in the field `val' when the option is found, but left unchanged if the option is not found. To have a long-named option do something other than set an `int' to a compiled-in constant, such as set a value from `optarg', set the option's `flag' field to zero and its `val' field to a nonzero value (the equivalent single-letter option character, if there is one). For long options that have a zero `flag' field, `getopt' returns the contents of the `val' field. */ struct option { #if __STDC__ const char *name; #else char *name; #endif /* has_arg can't be an enum because some compilers complain about type mismatches in all the code that assumes it is an int. */ int has_arg; int *flag; int val; }; /* Names for the values of the `has_arg' field of `struct option'. */ #define no_argument 0 #define required_argument 1 #define optional_argument 2 #if __STDC__ #if defined(__GNU_LIBRARY__) /* Many other libraries have conflicting prototypes for getopt, with differences in the consts, in stdlib.h. To avoid compilation errors, only prototype getopt for the GNU C library. */ extern int getopt (int argc, char *const *argv, const char *shortopts); #else /* not __GNU_LIBRARY__ */ extern int getopt (); #endif /* not __GNU_LIBRARY__ */ extern int getopt_long (int argc, char *const *argv, const char *shortopts, const struct option *longopts, int *longind); extern int getopt_long_only (int argc, char *const *argv, const char *shortopts, const struct option *longopts, int *longind); /* Internal only. Users should not call this directly. */ extern int _getopt_internal (int argc, char *const *argv, const char *shortopts, const struct option *longopts, int *longind, int long_only); #else /* not __STDC__ */ extern int getopt (); extern int getopt_long (); extern int getopt_long_only (); extern int _getopt_internal (); #endif /* not __STDC__ */ #ifdef __cplusplus } #endif #endif /* _GETOPT_H */ bash-1.14.3/lib/doc-support/Makefile 664 436 0 377 5570150154 15331 0ustar chetwheelGETOPT = ${topdir}/builtins/getopt.o OBJECTS = texindex.o $(GETOPT) SOURCES = texindex.c LDFLAGS = -g srcdir = . VPATH = .:$(srcdir) .c.o: rm -f $@ $(CC) $(CFLAGS) -c $< all: texindex texindex: texindex.o $(CC) $(LDFLAGS) -o $@ $(OBJECTS) $(LIBS) bash-1.14.3/lib/glob/ 775 436 0 0 5670714655 12303 5ustar chetwheelbash-1.14.3/lib/glob/doc/ 775 436 0 0 5620515711 13033 5ustar chetwheelbash-1.14.3/lib/glob/doc/Makefile 644 436 0 64 5276020440 14506 0ustar chetwheel clean: rm -f glob.?? all: cp glob.texi glob.info bash-1.14.3/lib/glob/doc/glob.texi 644 436 0 26 5276020440 14662 0ustar chetwheelNothing happens here. bash-1.14.3/lib/glob/ChangeLog 664 436 0 646 5353646203 14112 0ustar chetwheelThu Oct 29 08:58:12 1992 Brian Fox (bfox@cubit) * glob.c (glob_filename): Fix tiny memory leak. Rework some comments. Mon Jul 20 10:57:36 1992 Brian Fox (bfox@cubit) * glob.c: (glob_filename) Change use of rindex () to strrchr (). Thu Jul 9 10:02:47 1992 Brian Fox (bfox@cubit) * fnmatch.c: (fnmatch) Only process `[' as the start of a bracket expression if there is a closing `]' present in the string. bash-1.14.3/lib/glob/Makefile 664 436 0 5363 5566752027 14031 0ustar chetwheel## -*- text -*- #################################################### # # # Makefile for the GNU Glob Library. # # # #################################################################### # This Makefile is hand made from a template file, found in # ../template. Each library must provide several Makefile # targets: `all', `clean', `documentation', `install', and # `what-tar'. The `what-tar' target reports the names of the # files that need to be included in a tarfile to build the full # code and documentation for this library. # Please note that the values for INCLUDES, CC, AR, RM, CP, # RANLIB, and selfdir are passed in from ../Makefile, and do # not need to be defined here. srcdir = . VPATH = .:$(srcdir) # Here is a rule for making .o files from .c files that doesn't force # the type of the machine (like -sun3) into the flags. .c.o: $(CC) -c $(CFLAGS) $(INCLUDES) $(LOCAL_DEFINES) $(CPPFLAGS) $< # LOCAL_DEFINES are flags that are specific to this library. # Define -DUSG if you are using a System V operating system. LOCAL_DEFINES = $(LOCAL_INCLUDES) #-DUSG # For libraries which include headers from other libraries. LOCAL_INCLUDES = -I.. # The name of the library target. LIBRARY_NAME = libglob.a # The C code source files for this library. CSOURCES = $(srcdir)glob.c $(srcdir)fnmatch.c # The header files for this library. HSOURCES = $(srcdir)fnmatch.h OBJECTS = glob.o fnmatch.o # The texinfo files which document this library. DOCSOURCE = doc/glob.texi DOCOBJECT = doc/glob.dvi DOCSUPPORT = doc/Makefile DOCUMENTATION = $(DOCSOURCE) $(DOCOBJECT) $(DOCSUPPORT) SUPPORT = Makefile ChangeLog $(DOCSUPPORT) SOURCES = $(CSOURCES) $(HSOURCES) $(DOCSOURCE) THINGS_TO_TAR = $(SOURCES) $(SUPPORT) ###################################################################### all: $(LIBRARY_NAME) $(LIBRARY_NAME): $(OBJECTS) $(RM) -f $@ $(AR) cq $@ $(OBJECTS) -if [ -f "$(RANLIB)" ]; then $(RANLIB) $@; fi what-tar: @for file in $(THINGS_TO_TAR); do \ echo $(selfdir)$$file; \ done documentation: force -(cd doc; $(MAKE) $(MFLAGS)) force: # The rule for 'includes' is written funny so that the if statement # always returns TRUE unless there really was an error installing the # include files. install: -$(MV) $(bindir)/$(LIBRARY_NAME) $(bindir)/$(LIBRARY_NAME)-old $(CP) $(LIBRARY_NAME) $(bindir)/$(LIBRARY_NAME) if [ -f "$(RANLIB)" ]; then $(RANLIB) -t $(bindir)/$(LIBRARY_NAME); fi clean: rm -f $(OBJECTS) $(LIBRARY_NAME) -(cd doc; $(MAKE) $(MFLAGS) clean) ###################################################################### # # # Dependencies for the object files which make up this library. # # # ###################################################################### fnmatch.o: fnmatch.c fnmatch.h bash-1.14.3/lib/glob/fnmatch.c 644 436 0 10257 5253411706 14156 0ustar chetwheel/* Copyright (C) 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc. This file is part of the GNU C Library. The GNU C Library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU Library General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later version. The GNU C Library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU Library General Public License for more details. You should have received a copy of the GNU Library General Public License along with the GNU C Library; see the file COPYING.LIB. If not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. */ #include #include "fnmatch.h" #if !defined (__GNU_LIBRARY__) && !defined (STDC_HEADERS) # if !defined (errno) extern int errno; # endif /* !errno */ #endif /* Match STRING against the filename pattern PATTERN, returning zero if it matches, FNM_NOMATCH if not. */ int fnmatch (pattern, string, flags) char *pattern; char *string; int flags; { register char *p = pattern, *n = string; register char c; if ((flags & ~__FNM_FLAGS) != 0) { errno = EINVAL; return (-1); } while ((c = *p++) != '\0') { switch (c) { case '?': if (*n == '\0') return (FNM_NOMATCH); else if ((flags & FNM_PATHNAME) && *n == '/') return (FNM_NOMATCH); else if ((flags & FNM_PERIOD) && *n == '.' && (n == string || ((flags & FNM_PATHNAME) && n[-1] == '/'))) return (FNM_NOMATCH); break; case '\\': if (!(flags & FNM_NOESCAPE)) c = *p++; if (*n != c) return (FNM_NOMATCH); break; case '*': if ((flags & FNM_PERIOD) && *n == '.' && (n == string || ((flags & FNM_PATHNAME) && n[-1] == '/'))) return (FNM_NOMATCH); for (c = *p++; c == '?' || c == '*'; c = *p++, ++n) if (((flags & FNM_PATHNAME) && *n == '/') || (c == '?' && *n == '\0')) return (FNM_NOMATCH); if (c == '\0') return (0); { char c1 = (!(flags & FNM_NOESCAPE) && c == '\\') ? *p : c; for (--p; *n != '\0'; ++n) if ((c == '[' || *n == c1) && fnmatch (p, n, flags & ~FNM_PERIOD) == 0) return (0); return (FNM_NOMATCH); } case '[': { /* Nonzero if the sense of the character class is inverted. */ register int not; if (*n == '\0') return (FNM_NOMATCH); if ((flags & FNM_PERIOD) && *n == '.' && (n == string || ((flags & FNM_PATHNAME) && n[-1] == '/'))) return (FNM_NOMATCH); /* Make sure there is a closing `]'. If there isn't, the `[' is just a character to be matched. */ { register char *np; for (np = p; np && *np && *np != ']'; np++); if (np && !*np) { if (*n != '[') return (FNM_NOMATCH); goto next_char; } } not = (*p == '!' || *p == '^'); if (not) ++p; c = *p++; for (;;) { register char cstart = c, cend = c; if (!(flags & FNM_NOESCAPE) && c == '\\') cstart = cend = *p++; if (c == '\0') /* [ (unterminated) loses. */ return (FNM_NOMATCH); c = *p++; if ((flags & FNM_PATHNAME) && c == '/') /* [/] can never match. */ return (FNM_NOMATCH); if (c == '-' && *p != ']') { cend = *p++; if (!(flags & FNM_NOESCAPE) && cend == '\\') cend = *p++; if (cend == '\0') return (FNM_NOMATCH); c = *p++; } if (*n >= cstart && *n <= cend) goto matched; if (c == ']') break; } if (!not) return (FNM_NOMATCH); next_char: break; matched: /* Skip the rest of the [...] that already matched. */ while (c != ']') { if (c == '\0') /* [... (unterminated) loses. */ return (FNM_NOMATCH); c = *p++; if (!(flags & FNM_NOESCAPE) && c == '\\') /* 1003.2d11 is unclear if this is right. %%% */ ++p; } if (not) return (FNM_NOMATCH); } break; default: if (c != *n) return (FNM_NOMATCH); } ++n; } if (*n == '\0') return (0); return (FNM_NOMATCH); } bash-1.14.3/lib/glob/fnmatch.h 664 436 0 2645 5100620214 14132 0ustar chetwheel/* Copyright (C) 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc. This file is part of the GNU C Library. The GNU C Library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU Library General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later version. The GNU C Library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU Library General Public License for more details. You should have received a copy of the GNU Library General Public License along with the GNU C Library; see the file COPYING.LIB. If not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. */ #ifndef _FNMATCH_H #define _FNMATCH_H 1 /* Bits set in the FLAGS argument to `fnmatch'. */ #define FNM_PATHNAME (1 << 0)/* No wildcard can ever match `/'. */ #define FNM_NOESCAPE (1 << 1)/* Backslashes don't quote special chars. */ #define FNM_PERIOD (1 << 2)/* Leading `.' is matched only explicitly. */ #define __FNM_FLAGS (FNM_PATHNAME|FNM_NOESCAPE|FNM_PERIOD) /* Value returned by `fnmatch' if STRING does not match PATTERN. */ #define FNM_NOMATCH 1 /* Match STRING against the filename pattern PATTERN, returning zero if it matches, FNM_NOMATCH if not. */ extern int fnmatch(); #endif /* fnmatch.h */ bash-1.14.3/lib/glob/glob.c 664 436 0 34255 5670657534 13505 0ustar chetwheel/* File-name wildcard pattern matching for GNU. Copyright (C) 1985, 1988, 1989 Free Software Foundation, Inc. This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 1, or (at your option) any later version. This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details. You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. */ /* To whomever it may concern: I have never seen the code which most Unix programs use to perform this function. I wrote this from scratch based on specifications for the pattern matching. --RMS. */ #if defined (SHELL) # if defined (HAVE_STDLIB_H) # include # else # include "ansi_stdlib.h" # endif /* HAVE_STDLIB_H */ # include #endif #include #if !defined (SHELL) && (defined (_POSIX_VERSION) || defined (USGr3)) # if !defined (HAVE_DIRENT_H) # define HAVE_DIRENT_H # endif /* !HAVE_DIRENT_H */ #endif /* !SHELL && (_POSIX_VERSION || USGr3) */ #if defined (HAVE_DIRENT_H) # include # if !defined (direct) # define direct dirent # endif /* !direct */ # define D_NAMLEN(d) strlen ((d)->d_name) #else /* !HAVE_DIRENT_H */ # define D_NAMLEN(d) ((d)->d_namlen) # if defined (USG) # if defined (Xenix) # include # else /* !Xenix (but USG...) */ # include "ndir.h" # endif /* !Xenix */ # else /* !USG */ # include # endif /* !USG */ #endif /* !HAVE_DIRENT_H */ #if defined (_POSIX_SOURCE) /* Posix does not require that the d_ino field be present, and some systems do not provide it. */ # define REAL_DIR_ENTRY(dp) 1 #else # define REAL_DIR_ENTRY(dp) (dp->d_ino != 0) #endif /* _POSIX_SOURCE */ #if defined (USG) || defined (NeXT) # if !defined (HAVE_STRING_H) # define HAVE_STRING_H # endif /* !HAVE_STRING_H */ #endif /* USG || NeXT */ #if defined (HAVE_STRING_H) # include #else /* !HAVE_STRING_H */ # include #endif /* !HAVE_STRING_H */ #if defined (USG) # if !defined (isc386) # include # endif /* !isc386 */ # if defined (RISC6000) extern void bcopy (); # else /* !RISC6000 */ # define bcopy(s, d, n) ((void) memcpy ((d), (s), (n))) # endif /* !RISC6000 */ #endif /* USG */ #include "fnmatch.h" /* If the opendir () on your system lets you open non-directory files, then we consider that not robust. Define OPENDIR_NOT_ROBUST in the SYSDEP_CFLAGS for your machines entry in machines.h. */ #if defined (OPENDIR_NOT_ROBUST) # if defined (SHELL) # include "posixstat.h" # else /* !SHELL */ # include # endif /* !SHELL */ #endif /* OPENDIR_NOT_ROBUST */ #if !defined (HAVE_STDLIB_H) extern char *malloc (), *realloc (); extern void free (); #endif /* !HAVE_STDLIB_H */ #if !defined (NULL) # if defined (__STDC__) # define NULL ((void *) 0) # else # define NULL 0x0 # endif /* __STDC__ */ #endif /* !NULL */ #if defined (SHELL) extern int interrupt_state; #endif /* SHELL */ /* Global variable which controls whether or not * matches .*. Non-zero means don't match .*. */ int noglob_dot_filenames = 1; /* Global variable to return to signify an error in globbing. */ char *glob_error_return; /* Return nonzero if PATTERN has any special globbing chars in it. */ int glob_pattern_p (pattern) char *pattern; { register char *p = pattern; register char c; int open = 0; while ((c = *p++) != '\0') switch (c) { case '?': case '*': return (1); case '[': /* Only accept an open brace if there is a close */ open++; /* brace to match it. Bracket expressions must be */ continue; /* complete, according to Posix.2 */ case ']': if (open) return (1); continue; case '\\': if (*p++ == '\0') return (0); } return (0); } /* Remove backslashes quoting characters in PATHNAME by modifying PATHNAME. */ static void dequote_pathname (pathname) char *pathname; { register int i, j; for (i = j = 0; pathname && pathname[i]; ) { if (pathname[i] == '\\') i++; pathname[j++] = pathname[i++]; if (!pathname[i - 1]) break; } pathname[j] = '\0'; } /* Return a vector of names of files in directory DIR whose names match glob pattern PAT. The names are not in any particular order. Wildcards at the beginning of PAT do not match an initial period. The vector is terminated by an element that is a null pointer. To free the space allocated, first free the vector's elements, then free the vector. Return 0 if cannot get enough memory to hold the pointer and the names. Return -1 if cannot access directory DIR. Look in errno for more information. */ char ** glob_vector (pat, dir) char *pat; char *dir; { struct globval { struct globval *next; char *name; }; DIR *d; register struct direct *dp; struct globval *lastlink; register struct globval *nextlink; register char *nextname; unsigned int count; int lose, skip; register char **name_vector; register unsigned int i; #if defined (OPENDIR_NOT_ROBUST) struct stat finfo; if (stat (dir, &finfo) < 0) return ((char **) &glob_error_return); if (!S_ISDIR (finfo.st_mode)) return ((char **) &glob_error_return); #endif /* OPENDIR_NOT_ROBUST */ d = opendir (dir); if (d == NULL) return ((char **) &glob_error_return); lastlink = 0; count = 0; lose = 0; skip = 0; /* If PAT is empty, skip the loop, but return one (empty) filename. */ if (!pat || !*pat) { nextlink = (struct globval *)alloca (sizeof (struct globval)); nextlink->next = lastlink; nextname = (char *) malloc (1); if (!nextname) lose = 1; else { lastlink = nextlink; nextlink->name = nextname; nextname[0] = '\0'; count++; } skip = 1; } /* Scan the directory, finding all names that match. For each name that matches, allocate a struct globval on the stack and store the name in it. Chain those structs together; lastlink is the front of the chain. */ while (!skip) { int flags; /* Flags passed to fnmatch (). */ #if defined (SHELL) /* Make globbing interruptible in the bash shell. */ if (interrupt_state) { closedir (d); lose = 1; goto lost; } #endif /* SHELL */ dp = readdir (d); if (dp == NULL) break; /* If this directory entry is not to be used, try again. */ if (!REAL_DIR_ENTRY (dp)) continue; /* If a dot must be explicity matched, check to see if they do. */ if (noglob_dot_filenames && dp->d_name[0] == '.' && pat[0] != '.') continue; flags = (noglob_dot_filenames ? FNM_PERIOD : 0) | FNM_PATHNAME; if (fnmatch (pat, dp->d_name, flags) != FNM_NOMATCH) { nextlink = (struct globval *) alloca (sizeof (struct globval)); nextlink->next = lastlink; nextname = (char *) malloc (D_NAMLEN (dp) + 1); if (nextname == NULL) { lose = 1; break; } lastlink = nextlink; nextlink->name = nextname; bcopy (dp->d_name, nextname, D_NAMLEN (dp) + 1); ++count; } } (void) closedir (d); if (!lose) { name_vector = (char **) malloc ((count + 1) * sizeof (char *)); lose |= name_vector == NULL; } /* Have we run out of memory? */ lost: if (lose) { /* Here free the strings we have got. */ while (lastlink) { free (lastlink->name); lastlink = lastlink->next; } #if defined (SHELL) if (interrupt_state) throw_to_top_level (); #endif /* SHELL */ return (NULL); } /* Copy the name pointers from the linked list into the vector. */ for (i = 0; i < count; ++i) { name_vector[i] = lastlink->name; lastlink = lastlink->next; } name_vector[count] = NULL; return (name_vector); } /* Return a new array which is the concatenation of each string in ARRAY to DIR. This function expects you to pass in an allocated ARRAY, and it takes care of free()ing that array. Thus, you might think of this function as side-effecting ARRAY. */ static char ** glob_dir_to_array (dir, array) char *dir, **array; { register unsigned int i, l; int add_slash; char **result; l = strlen (dir); if (l == 0) return (array); add_slash = dir[l - 1] != '/'; i = 0; while (array[i] != NULL) ++i; result = (char **) malloc ((i + 1) * sizeof (char *)); if (result == NULL) return (NULL); for (i = 0; array[i] != NULL; i++) { result[i] = (char *) malloc (l + (add_slash ? 1 : 0) + strlen (array[i]) + 1); if (result[i] == NULL) return (NULL); sprintf (result[i], "%s%s%s", dir, add_slash ? "/" : "", array[i]); } result[i] = NULL; /* Free the input array. */ for (i = 0; array[i] != NULL; i++) free (array[i]); free ((char *) array); return (result); } /* Do globbing on PATHNAME. Return an array of pathnames that match, marking the end of the array with a null-pointer as an element. If no pathnames match, then the array is empty (first element is null). If there isn't enough memory, then return NULL. If a file system error occurs, return -1; `errno' has the error code. */ char ** glob_filename (pathname) char *pathname; { char **result; unsigned int result_size; char *directory_name, *filename; unsigned int directory_len; result = (char **) malloc (sizeof (char *)); result_size = 1; if (result == NULL) return (NULL); result[0] = NULL; /* Find the filename. */ filename = strrchr (pathname, '/'); if (filename == NULL) { filename = pathname; directory_name = ""; directory_len = 0; } else { directory_len = (filename - pathname) + 1; directory_name = (char *) alloca (directory_len + 1); bcopy (pathname, directory_name, directory_len); directory_name[directory_len] = '\0'; ++filename; } /* If directory_name contains globbing characters, then we have to expand the previous levels. Just recurse. */ if (glob_pattern_p (directory_name)) { char **directories; register unsigned int i; if (directory_name[directory_len - 1] == '/') directory_name[directory_len - 1] = '\0'; directories = glob_filename (directory_name); if (directories == NULL) goto memory_error; else if (directories == (char **)&glob_error_return) { free ((char *)result); return ((char **) &glob_error_return); } else if (*directories == NULL) { free ((char *) directories); free ((char *) result); return ((char **) &glob_error_return); } /* We have successfully globbed the preceding directory name. For each name in DIRECTORIES, call glob_vector on it and FILENAME. Concatenate the results together. */ for (i = 0; directories[i] != NULL; ++i) { char **temp_results; /* Scan directory even on a NULL pathname. That way, `*h/' returns only directories ending in `h', instead of all files ending in `h' with a `/' appended. */ temp_results = glob_vector (filename, directories[i]); /* Handle error cases. */ if (temp_results == NULL) goto memory_error; else if (temp_results == (char **)&glob_error_return) /* This filename is probably not a directory. Ignore it. */ ; else { char **array; register unsigned int l; array = glob_dir_to_array (directories[i], temp_results); l = 0; while (array[l] != NULL) ++l; result = (char **)realloc (result, (result_size + l) * sizeof (char *)); if (result == NULL) goto memory_error; for (l = 0; array[l] != NULL; ++l) result[result_size++ - 1] = array[l]; result[result_size - 1] = NULL; /* Note that the elements of ARRAY are not freed. */ free ((char *) array); } } /* Free the directories. */ for (i = 0; directories[i]; i++) free (directories[i]); free ((char *) directories); return (result); } /* If there is only a directory name, return it. */ if (*filename == '\0') { result = (char **) realloc ((char *) result, 2 * sizeof (char *)); if (result == NULL) return (NULL); result[0] = (char *) malloc (directory_len + 1); if (result[0] == NULL) goto memory_error; bcopy (directory_name, result[0], directory_len + 1); result[1] = NULL; return (result); } else { char **temp_results; /* There are no unquoted globbing characters in DIRECTORY_NAME. Dequote it before we try to open the directory since there may be quoted globbing characters which should be treated verbatim. */ if (directory_len > 0) dequote_pathname (directory_name); /* We allocated a small array called RESULT, which we won't be using. Free that memory now. */ free (result); /* Just return what glob_vector () returns appended to the directory name. */ temp_results = glob_vector (filename, (directory_len == 0 ? "." : directory_name)); if (temp_results == NULL || temp_results == (char **)&glob_error_return) return (temp_results); return (glob_dir_to_array (directory_name, temp_results)); } /* We get to memory_error if the program has run out of memory, or if this is the shell, and we have been interrupted. */ memory_error: if (result != NULL) { register unsigned int i; for (i = 0; result[i] != NULL; ++i) free (result[i]); free ((char *) result); } #if defined (SHELL) if (interrupt_state) throw_to_top_level (); #endif /* SHELL */ return (NULL); } #if defined (TEST) main (argc, argv) int argc; char **argv; { unsigned int i; for (i = 1; i < argc; ++i) { char **value = glob_filename (argv[i]); if (value == NULL) puts ("Out of memory."); else if (value == &glob_error_return) perror (argv[i]); else for (i = 0; value[i] != NULL; i++) puts (value[i]); } exit (0); } #endif /* TEST. */ bash-1.14.3/lib/glob/ndir.h 644 436 0 2465 5105601614 13454 0ustar chetwheel/* -- definitions for 4.2BSD-compatible directory access. last edit: 09-Jul-1983 D A Gwyn. */ #if defined (VMS) # if !defined (FAB$C_BID) # include # endif # if !defined (NAM$C_BID) # include # endif # if !defined (RMS$_SUC) # include # endif # include "dir.h" #endif /* VMS */ /* Size of directory block. */ #define DIRBLKSIZ 512 /* NOTE: MAXNAMLEN must be one less than a multiple of 4 */ #if defined (VMS) # define MAXNAMLEN (DIR$S_NAME + 7) /* 80 plus room for version #. */ # define MAXFULLSPEC NAM$C_MAXRSS /* Maximum full spec */ #else # define MAXNAMLEN 15 /* Maximum filename length. */ #endif /* VMS */ /* Data from readdir (). */ struct direct { long d_ino; /* Inode number of entry. */ unsigned short d_reclen; /* Length of this record. */ unsigned short d_namlen; /* Length of string in d_name. */ char d_name[MAXNAMLEN + 1]; /* Name of file. */ }; /* Stream data from opendir (). */ typedef struct { int dd_fd; /* File descriptor. */ int dd_loc; /* Offset in block. */ int dd_size; /* Amount of valid data. */ char dd_buf[DIRBLKSIZ]; /* Directory block. */ } DIR; extern DIR *opendir (); extern struct direct *readdir (); extern long telldir (); extern void seekdir (), closedir (); #define rewinddir(dirp) seekdir (dirp, 0L) bash-1.14.3/lib/malloc/ 775 436 0 0 5620515713 12614 5ustar chetwheelbash-1.14.3/lib/malloc/Makefile 664 436 0 1062 5566752040 14340 0ustar chetwheel# Skeleton Makefile for the GNU malloc code # # Maybe this should really create a library instead of just compiling # source files srcdir = . VPATH = .:$(srcdir) .c.o: $(CC) $(CFLAGS) $(CPPFLAGS) -c $< .s.o: $(CC) $(CFLAGS) $(CPPFLAGS) -c $< MALLOC_SOURCE = malloc.c ALLOCA_SOURCE = alloca.c ALLOCA_OBJECT = alloca.o malloc.o: malloc.c getpagesize.h $(ALLOCA_OBJECT): $(ALLOCA_SOURCE) alloca.o: $(ALLOCA_SOURCE) $(CC) $(CFLAGS) $(CPPFLAGS) -c $< @- if [ "$(ALLOCA_OBJECT)" != alloca.o ]; then \ mv $(ALLOCA_OBJECT) alloca.o >/dev/null 2>&1 ; \ fi bash-1.14.3/lib/malloc/alloca.c 664 436 0 33324 5502164175 14321 0ustar chetwheel/* alloca.c -- allocate automatically reclaimed memory (Mostly) portable public-domain implementation -- D A Gwyn This implementation of the PWB library alloca function, which is used to allocate space off the run-time stack so that it is automatically reclaimed upon procedure exit, was inspired by discussions with J. Q. Johnson of Cornell. J.Otto Tennant contributed the Cray support. There are some preprocessor constants that can be defined when compiling for your specific system, for improved efficiency; however, the defaults should be okay. The general concept of this implementation is to keep track of all alloca-allocated blocks, and reclaim any that are found to be deeper in the stack than the current invocation. This heuristic does not reclaim storage as soon as it becomes invalid, but it will do so eventually. As a special case, alloca(0) reclaims storage without allocating any. It is a good idea to use alloca(0) in your main control loop, etc. to force garbage collection. */ #ifdef HAVE_CONFIG_H #include "config.h" #endif /* If compiling with GCC 2, this file's not needed. */ #if !defined (__GNUC__) || __GNUC__ < 2 /* If alloca is defined somewhere, this file is not needed. */ #ifndef alloca #ifdef emacs #ifdef static /* actually, only want this if static is defined as "" -- this is for usg, in which emacs must undefine static in order to make unexec workable */ #ifndef STACK_DIRECTION you lose -- must know STACK_DIRECTION at compile-time #endif /* STACK_DIRECTION undefined */ #endif /* static */ #endif /* emacs */ /* If your stack is a linked list of frames, you have to provide an "address metric" ADDRESS_FUNCTION macro. */ #if defined (CRAY) && defined (CRAY_STACKSEG_END) long i00afunc (); #define ADDRESS_FUNCTION(arg) (char *) i00afunc (&(arg)) #else #define ADDRESS_FUNCTION(arg) &(arg) #endif /* CRAY && CRAY_STACKSEG_END */ #if __STDC__ typedef void *pointer; #else typedef char *pointer; #endif #define NULL 0 /* Different portions of Emacs need to call different versions of malloc. The Emacs executable needs alloca to call xmalloc, because ordinary malloc isn't protected from input signals. On the other hand, the utilities in lib-src need alloca to call malloc; some of them are very simple, and don't have an xmalloc routine. Non-Emacs programs expect this to call use xmalloc. Callers below should use malloc. */ #ifndef emacs #define malloc xmalloc extern pointer xmalloc (); #endif /* Define STACK_DIRECTION if you know the direction of stack growth for your system; otherwise it will be automatically deduced at run-time. STACK_DIRECTION > 0 => grows toward higher addresses STACK_DIRECTION < 0 => grows toward lower addresses STACK_DIRECTION = 0 => direction of growth unknown */ #ifndef STACK_DIRECTION #define STACK_DIRECTION 0 /* Direction unknown. */ #endif #if STACK_DIRECTION != 0 #define STACK_DIR STACK_DIRECTION /* Known at compile-time. */ #else /* STACK_DIRECTION == 0; need run-time code. */ static int stack_dir; /* 1 or -1 once known. */ #define STACK_DIR stack_dir static void find_stack_direction () { static char *addr = NULL; /* Address of first `dummy', once known. */ auto char dummy; /* To get stack address. */ if (addr == NULL) { /* Initial entry. */ addr = ADDRESS_FUNCTION (dummy); find_stack_direction (); /* Recurse once. */ } else { /* Second entry. */ if (ADDRESS_FUNCTION (dummy) > addr) stack_dir = 1; /* Stack grew upward. */ else stack_dir = -1; /* Stack grew downward. */ } } #endif /* STACK_DIRECTION == 0 */ /* An "alloca header" is used to: (a) chain together all alloca'ed blocks; (b) keep track of stack depth. It is very important that sizeof(header) agree with malloc alignment chunk size. The following default should work okay. */ #ifndef ALIGN_SIZE #define ALIGN_SIZE sizeof(double) #endif typedef union hdr { char align[ALIGN_SIZE]; /* To force sizeof(header). */ struct { union hdr *next; /* For chaining headers. */ char *deep; /* For stack depth measure. */ } h; } header; static header *last_alloca_header = NULL; /* -> last alloca header. */ /* Return a pointer to at least SIZE bytes of storage, which will be automatically reclaimed upon exit from the procedure that called alloca. Originally, this space was supposed to be taken from the current stack frame of the caller, but that method cannot be made to work for some implementations of C, for example under Gould's UTX/32. */ pointer alloca (size) unsigned size; { auto char probe; /* Probes stack depth: */ register char *depth = ADDRESS_FUNCTION (probe); #if STACK_DIRECTION == 0 if (STACK_DIR == 0) /* Unknown growth direction. */ find_stack_direction (); #endif /* Reclaim garbage, defined as all alloca'd storage that was allocated from deeper in the stack than currently. */ { register header *hp; /* Traverses linked list. */ for (hp = last_alloca_header; hp != NULL;) if ((STACK_DIR > 0 && hp->h.deep > depth) || (STACK_DIR < 0 && hp->h.deep < depth)) { register header *np = hp->h.next; free ((pointer) hp); /* Collect garbage. */ hp = np; /* -> next header. */ } else break; /* Rest are not deeper. */ last_alloca_header = hp; /* -> last valid storage. */ } if (size == 0) return NULL; /* No allocation required. */ /* Allocate combined header + user data storage. */ { register pointer new = malloc (sizeof (header) + size); /* Address of header. */ ((header *) new)->h.next = last_alloca_header; ((header *) new)->h.deep = depth; last_alloca_header = (header *) new; /* User storage begins just after header. */ return (pointer) ((char *) new + sizeof (header)); } } #if defined (CRAY) && defined (CRAY_STACKSEG_END) #ifdef DEBUG_I00AFUNC #include #endif #ifndef CRAY_STACK #define CRAY_STACK #ifndef CRAY2 /* Stack structures for CRAY-1, CRAY X-MP, and CRAY Y-MP */ struct stack_control_header { long shgrow:32; /* Number of times stack has grown. */ long shaseg:32; /* Size of increments to stack. */ long shhwm:32; /* High water mark of stack. */ long shsize:32; /* Current size of stack (all segments). */ }; /* The stack segment linkage control information occurs at the high-address end of a stack segment. (The stack grows from low addresses to high addresses.) The initial part of the stack segment linkage control information is 0200 (octal) words. This provides for register storage for the routine which overflows the stack. */ struct stack_segment_linkage { long ss[0200]; /* 0200 overflow words. */ long sssize:32; /* Number of words in this segment. */ long ssbase:32; /* Offset to stack base. */ long:32; long sspseg:32; /* Offset to linkage control of previous segment of stack. */ long:32; long sstcpt:32; /* Pointer to task common address block. */ long sscsnm; /* Private control structure number for microtasking. */ long ssusr1; /* Reserved for user. */ long ssusr2; /* Reserved for user. */ long sstpid; /* Process ID for pid based multi-tasking. */ long ssgvup; /* Pointer to multitasking thread giveup. */ long sscray[7]; /* Reserved for Cray Research. */ long ssa0; long ssa1; long ssa2; long ssa3; long ssa4; long ssa5; long ssa6; long ssa7; long sss0; long sss1; long sss2; long sss3; long sss4; long sss5; long sss6; long sss7; }; #else /* CRAY2 */ /* The following structure defines the vector of words returned by the STKSTAT library routine. */ struct stk_stat { long now; /* Current total stack size. */ long maxc; /* Amount of contiguous space which would be required to satisfy the maximum stack demand to date. */ long high_water; /* Stack high-water mark. */ long overflows; /* Number of stack overflow ($STKOFEN) calls. */ long hits; /* Number of internal buffer hits. */ long extends; /* Number of block extensions. */ long stko_mallocs; /* Block allocations by $STKOFEN. */ long underflows; /* Number of stack underflow calls ($STKRETN). */ long stko_free; /* Number of deallocations by $STKRETN. */ long stkm_free; /* Number of deallocations by $STKMRET. */ long segments; /* Current number of stack segments. */ long maxs; /* Maximum number of stack segments so far. */ long pad_size; /* Stack pad size. */ long current_address; /* Current stack segment address. */ long current_size; /* Current stack segment size. This number is actually corrupted by STKSTAT to include the fifteen word trailer area. */ long initial_address; /* Address of initial segment. */ long initial_size; /* Size of initial segment. */ }; /* The following structure describes the data structure which trails any stack segment. I think that the description in 'asdef' is out of date. I only describe the parts that I am sure about. */ struct stk_trailer { long this_address; /* Address of this block. */ long this_size; /* Size of this block (does not include this trailer). */ long unknown2; long unknown3; long link; /* Address of trailer block of previous segment. */ long unknown5; long unknown6; long unknown7; long unknown8; long unknown9; long unknown10; long unknown11; long unknown12; long unknown13; long unknown14; }; #endif /* CRAY2 */ #endif /* not CRAY_STACK */ #ifdef CRAY2 /* Determine a "stack measure" for an arbitrary ADDRESS. I doubt that "lint" will like this much. */ static long i00afunc (long *address) { struct stk_stat status; struct stk_trailer *trailer; long *block, size; long result = 0; /* We want to iterate through all of the segments. The first step is to get the stack status structure. We could do this more quickly and more directly, perhaps, by referencing the $LM00 common block, but I know that this works. */ STKSTAT (&status); /* Set up the iteration. */ trailer = (struct stk_trailer *) (status.current_address + status.current_size - 15); /* There must be at least one stack segment. Therefore it is a fatal error if "trailer" is null. */ if (trailer == 0) abort (); /* Discard segments that do not contain our argument address. */ while (trailer != 0) { block = (long *) trailer->this_address; size = trailer->this_size; if (block == 0 || size == 0) abort (); trailer = (struct stk_trailer *) trailer->link; if ((block <= address) && (address < (block + size))) break; } /* Set the result to the offset in this segment and add the sizes of all predecessor segments. */ result = address - block; if (trailer == 0) { return result; } do { if (trailer->this_size <= 0) abort (); result += trailer->this_size; trailer = (struct stk_trailer *) trailer->link; } while (trailer != 0); /* We are done. Note that if you present a bogus address (one not in any segment), you will get a different number back, formed from subtracting the address of the first block. This is probably not what you want. */ return (result); } #else /* not CRAY2 */ /* Stack address function for a CRAY-1, CRAY X-MP, or CRAY Y-MP. Determine the number of the cell within the stack, given the address of the cell. The purpose of this routine is to linearize, in some sense, stack addresses for alloca. */ static long i00afunc (long address) { long stkl = 0; long size, pseg, this_segment, stack; long result = 0; struct stack_segment_linkage *ssptr; /* Register B67 contains the address of the end of the current stack segment. If you (as a subprogram) store your registers on the stack and find that you are past the contents of B67, you have overflowed the segment. B67 also points to the stack segment linkage control area, which is what we are really interested in. */ /* This might be _getb67() or GETB67 () or getb67 () */ stkl = CRAY_STACKSEG_END (); ssptr = (struct stack_segment_linkage *) stkl; /* If one subtracts 'size' from the end of the segment, one has the address of the first word of the segment. If this is not the first segment, 'pseg' will be nonzero. */ pseg = ssptr->sspseg; size = ssptr->sssize; this_segment = stkl - size; /* It is possible that calling this routine itself caused a stack overflow. Discard stack segments which do not contain the target address. */ while (!(this_segment <= address && address <= stkl)) { #ifdef DEBUG_I00AFUNC fprintf (stderr, "%011o %011o %011o\n", this_segment, address, stkl); #endif if (pseg == 0) break; stkl = stkl - pseg; ssptr = (struct stack_segment_linkage *) stkl; size = ssptr->sssize; pseg = ssptr->sspseg; this_segment = stkl - size; } result = address - this_segment; /* If you subtract pseg from the current end of the stack, you get the address of the previous stack segment's end. This seems a little convoluted to me, but I'll bet you save a cycle somewhere. */ while (pseg != 0) { #ifdef DEBUG_I00AFUNC fprintf (stderr, "%011o %011o\n", pseg, size); #endif stkl = stkl - pseg; ssptr = (struct stack_segment_linkage *) stkl; size = ssptr->sssize; pseg = ssptr->sspseg; result += size; } return (result); } #endif /* not CRAY2 */ #endif /* CRAY && CRAY_STACKSEG_END */ #endif /* no alloca */ #endif /* !__GNUC__ || __GNUC__ < 2 */ bash-1.14.3/lib/malloc/getpagesize.h 664 436 0 3201 5262347765 15364 0ustar chetwheel/* Emulation of getpagesize() for systems that need it. Copyright (C) 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc. This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later version. This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details. You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. */ #if defined (HAVE_UNISTD_H) # include # if defined (_SC_PAGESIZE) # define getpagesize() sysconf(_SC_PAGESIZE) # endif /* _SC_PAGESIZE */ #endif #if !defined (getpagesize) # include # if defined (PAGESIZE) # define getpagesize() PAGESIZE # else /* !PAGESIZE */ # if defined (EXEC_PAGESIZE) # define getpagesize() EXEC_PAGESIZE # else /* !EXEC_PAGESIZE */ # if defined (NBPG) # if !defined (CLSIZE) # define CLSIZE 1 # endif /* !CLSIZE */ # define getpagesize() (NBPG * CLSIZE) # else /* !NBPG */ # if defined (NBPC) # define getpagesize() NBPC # endif /* NBPC */ # endif /* !NBPG */ # endif /* !EXEC_PAGESIZE */ # endif /* !PAGESIZE */ #endif /* !getpagesize */ #if !defined (getpagesize) # define getpagesize() 4096 /* Just punt and use reasonable value */ #endif bash-1.14.3/lib/malloc/i386-alloca.s 664 436 0 415 4471564222 14764 0ustar chetwheel .file "alloca.s" .text .align 4 .def alloca; .val alloca; .scl 2; .type 044; .endef .globl alloca alloca: popl %edx popl %eax addl $3,%eax andl $0xfffffffc,%eax subl %eax,%esp movl %esp,%eax pushl %eax pushl %edx ret .def alloca; .val .; .scl -1; .endef bash-1.14.3/lib/malloc/malloc.c 644 436 0 42040 5550356206 14327 0ustar chetwheel/* dynamic memory allocation for GNU. */ /* Copyright (C) 1985, 1987 Free Software Foundation, Inc. This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 1, or (at your option) any later version. This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details. You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. In other words, you are welcome to use, share and improve this program. You are forbidden to forbid anyone else to use, share and improve what you give them. Help stamp out software-hoarding! */ /* * @(#)nmalloc.c 1 (Caltech) 2/21/82 * * U of M Modified: 20 Jun 1983 ACT: strange hacks for Emacs * * Nov 1983, Mike@BRL, Added support for 4.1C/4.2 BSD. * * This is a very fast storage allocator. It allocates blocks of a small * number of different sizes, and keeps free lists of each size. Blocks * that don't exactly fit are passed up to the next larger size. In this * implementation, the available sizes are (2^n)-4 (or -16) bytes long. * This is designed for use in a program that uses vast quantities of * memory, but bombs when it runs out. To make it a little better, it * warns the user when he starts to get near the end. * * June 84, ACT: modified rcheck code to check the range given to malloc, * rather than the range determined by the 2-power used. * * Jan 85, RMS: calls malloc_warning to issue warning on nearly full. * No longer Emacs-specific; can serve as all-purpose malloc for GNU. * You should call malloc_init to reinitialize after loading dumped Emacs. * Call malloc_stats to get info on memory stats if MSTATS turned on. * realloc knows how to return same block given, just changing its size, * if the power of 2 is correct. */ /* * nextf[i] is the pointer to the next free block of size 2^(i+3). The * smallest allocatable block is 8 bytes. The overhead information will * go in the first int of the block, and the returned pointer will point * to the second. * #ifdef MSTATS * nmalloc[i] is the difference between the number of mallocs and frees * for a given block size. #endif */ #if defined (emacs) || defined (HAVE_CONFIG_H) # include "config.h" #endif /* emacs */ #if !defined (USG) # if defined (HPUX) || defined (UnixPC) || defined (Xenix) # define USG # endif /* HPUX || UnixPC || Xenix */ #endif /* !USG */ /* Determine which kind of system this is. */ #include #include #if !defined (USG) && !defined (USGr4) # ifndef SIGTSTP # ifndef USG # define USG # endif /* !USG */ # else /* SIGTSTP */ # ifdef SIGIO # define BSD4_2 # endif /* SIGIO */ # endif /* SIGTSTP */ #endif /* !USG && !USGr4 */ #ifndef BSD4_2 /* Define getpagesize () if the system does not. */ # include "getpagesize.h" #endif #if defined (HAVE_RESOURCE) # include # include #endif /* HAVE_RESOURCE */ /* Check for the needed symbols. If they aren't present, this system's isn't very useful to us. */ #if !defined (RLIMIT_DATA) # undef HAVE_RESOURCE #endif #define start_of_data() &etext #define ISALLOC ((char) 0xf7) /* magic byte that implies allocation */ #define ISFREE ((char) 0x54) /* magic byte that implies free block */ /* this is for error checking only */ #define ISMEMALIGN ((char) 0xd6) /* Stored before the value returned by memalign, with the rest of the word being the distance to the true beginning of the block. */ extern char etext; #if !defined (NO_SBRK_DECL) extern char *sbrk (); #endif /* !NO_SBRK_DECL */ /* These two are for user programs to look at, when they are interested. */ unsigned int malloc_sbrk_used; /* amount of data space used now */ unsigned int malloc_sbrk_unused; /* amount more we can have */ /* start of data space; can be changed by calling init_malloc */ static char *data_space_start; static void get_lim_data (); #ifdef MSTATS static int nmalloc[30]; static int nmal, nfre; #endif /* MSTATS */ /* If range checking is not turned on, all we have is a flag indicating whether memory is allocated, an index in nextf[], and a size field; to realloc() memory we copy either size bytes or 1<<(index+3) bytes depending on whether the former can hold the exact size (given the value of 'index'). If range checking is on, we always need to know how much space is allocated, so the 'size' field is never used. */ struct mhead { char mh_alloc; /* ISALLOC or ISFREE */ char mh_index; /* index in nextf[] */ /* Remainder are valid only when block is allocated */ unsigned short mh_size; /* size, if < 0x10000 */ #ifdef rcheck unsigned mh_nbytes; /* number of bytes allocated */ int mh_magic4; /* should be == MAGIC4 */ #endif /* rcheck */ }; /* Access free-list pointer of a block. It is stored at block + 4. This is not a field in the mhead structure because we want sizeof (struct mhead) to describe the overhead for when the block is in use, and we do not want the free-list pointer to count in that. */ #define CHAIN(a) \ (*(struct mhead **) (sizeof (char *) + (char *) (a))) #ifdef rcheck # include # if !defined (botch) # define botch(x) abort () # endif /* botch */ # if !defined (__STRING) # if defined (__STDC__) # define __STRING(x) #x # else # define __STRING(x) "x" # endif # endif /* To implement range checking, we write magic values in at the beginning and end of each allocated block, and make sure they are undisturbed whenever a free or a realloc occurs. */ /* Written in each of the 4 bytes following the block's real space */ # define MAGIC1 0x55 /* Written in the 4 bytes before the block's real space */ # define MAGIC4 0x55555555 # define ASSERT(p) if (!(p)) botch(__STRING(p)); else # define EXTRA 4 /* 4 bytes extra for MAGIC1s */ #else /* !rcheck */ # define ASSERT(p) # define EXTRA 0 #endif /* rcheck */ /* nextf[i] is free list of blocks of size 2**(i + 3) */ static struct mhead *nextf[30]; /* busy[i] is nonzero while allocation of block size i is in progress. */ static char busy[30]; /* Number of bytes of writable memory we can expect to be able to get */ static unsigned int lim_data; /* Level number of warnings already issued. 0 -- no warnings issued. 1 -- 75% warning already issued. 2 -- 85% warning already issued. */ static int warnlevel; /* Function to call to issue a warning; 0 means don't issue them. */ static void (*warnfunction) (); /* nonzero once initial bunch of free blocks made */ static int gotpool; char *_malloc_base; static void getpool (); /* Cause reinitialization based on job parameters; also declare where the end of pure storage is. */ void malloc_init (start, warnfun) char *start; void (*warnfun) (); { if (start) data_space_start = start; lim_data = 0; warnlevel = 0; warnfunction = warnfun; } /* Return the maximum size to which MEM can be realloc'd without actually requiring copying. */ int malloc_usable_size (mem) char *mem; { int blocksize = 8 << (((struct mhead *) mem) - 1) -> mh_index; return blocksize - sizeof (struct mhead) - EXTRA; } static void morecore (nu) /* ask system for more memory */ register int nu; /* size index to get more of */ { register char *cp; register int nblks; register unsigned int siz; int oldmask; #if defined (BSD4_2) oldmask = sigsetmask (-1); #endif /* BSD4_2 */ if (!data_space_start) { data_space_start = start_of_data (); } if (lim_data == 0) get_lim_data (); /* On initial startup, get two blocks of each size up to 1k bytes */ if (!gotpool) { getpool (); getpool (); gotpool = 1; } /* Find current end of memory and issue warning if getting near max */ cp = sbrk (0); siz = cp - data_space_start; malloc_sbrk_used = siz; malloc_sbrk_unused = lim_data - siz; if (warnfunction) switch (warnlevel) { case 0: if (siz > (lim_data / 4) * 3) { warnlevel++; (*warnfunction) ("Warning: past 75% of memory limit"); } break; case 1: if (siz > (lim_data / 20) * 17) { warnlevel++; (*warnfunction) ("Warning: past 85% of memory limit"); } break; case 2: if (siz > (lim_data / 20) * 19) { warnlevel++; (*warnfunction) ("Warning: past 95% of memory limit"); } break; } if ((int) cp & 0x3ff) /* land on 1K boundaries */ sbrk (1024 - ((int) cp & 0x3ff)); /* Take at least 2k, and figure out how many blocks of the desired size we're about to get */ nblks = 1; if ((siz = nu) < 8) nblks = 1 << ((siz = 8) - nu); if ((cp = sbrk (1 << (siz + 3))) == (char *) -1) return; /* no more room! */ if ((int) cp & 7) { /* shouldn't happen, but just in case */ cp = (char *) (((int) cp + 8) & ~7); nblks--; } /* save new header and link the nblks blocks together */ nextf[nu] = (struct mhead *) cp; siz = 1 << (nu + 3); while (1) { ((struct mhead *) cp) -> mh_alloc = ISFREE; ((struct mhead *) cp) -> mh_index = nu; if (--nblks <= 0) break; CHAIN ((struct mhead *) cp) = (struct mhead *) (cp + siz); cp += siz; } CHAIN ((struct mhead *) cp) = 0; #if defined (BSD4_2) sigsetmask (oldmask); #endif /* BSD4_2 */ } static void getpool () { register int nu; register char *cp = sbrk (0); if ((int) cp & 0x3ff) /* land on 1K boundaries */ sbrk (1024 - ((int) cp & 0x3ff)); /* Record address of start of space allocated by malloc. */ if (_malloc_base == 0) _malloc_base = cp; /* Get 2k of storage */ cp = sbrk (04000); if (cp == (char *) -1) return; /* Divide it into an initial 8-word block plus one block of size 2**nu for nu = 3 ... 10. */ CHAIN (cp) = nextf[0]; nextf[0] = (struct mhead *) cp; ((struct mhead *) cp) -> mh_alloc = ISFREE; ((struct mhead *) cp) -> mh_index = 0; cp += 8; for (nu = 0; nu < 7; nu++) { CHAIN (cp) = nextf[nu]; nextf[nu] = (struct mhead *) cp; ((struct mhead *) cp) -> mh_alloc = ISFREE; ((struct mhead *) cp) -> mh_index = nu; cp += 8 << nu; } } char * malloc (n) /* get a block */ unsigned n; { register struct mhead *p; register unsigned int nbytes; register int nunits = 0; /* Figure out how many bytes are required, rounding up to the nearest multiple of 4, then figure out which nextf[] area to use */ nbytes = (n + sizeof *p + EXTRA + 3) & ~3; { register unsigned int shiftr = (nbytes - 1) >> 2; while (shiftr >>= 1) nunits++; } /* In case this is reentrant use of malloc from signal handler, pick a block size that no other malloc level is currently trying to allocate. That's the easiest harmless way not to interfere with the other level of execution. */ while (busy[nunits]) nunits++; busy[nunits] = 1; /* If there are no blocks of the appropriate size, go get some */ /* COULD SPLIT UP A LARGER BLOCK HERE ... ACT */ if (nextf[nunits] == 0) morecore (nunits); /* Get one block off the list, and set the new list head */ if ((p = nextf[nunits]) == 0) { busy[nunits] = 0; return 0; } nextf[nunits] = CHAIN (p); busy[nunits] = 0; /* Check for free block clobbered */ /* If not for this check, we would gobble a clobbered free chain ptr */ /* and bomb out on the NEXT allocate of this size block */ if (p -> mh_alloc != ISFREE || p -> mh_index != nunits) #ifdef rcheck botch ("block on free list clobbered"); #else /* not rcheck */ abort (); #endif /* not rcheck */ /* Fill in the info, and if range checking, set up the magic numbers */ p -> mh_alloc = ISALLOC; #ifdef rcheck p -> mh_nbytes = n; p -> mh_magic4 = MAGIC4; { register char *m = (char *) (p + 1) + n; *m++ = MAGIC1, *m++ = MAGIC1, *m++ = MAGIC1, *m = MAGIC1; } #else /* not rcheck */ p -> mh_size = n; #endif /* not rcheck */ #ifdef MSTATS nmalloc[nunits]++; nmal++; #endif /* MSTATS */ return (char *) (p + 1); } void free (mem) char *mem; { register struct mhead *p; { register char *ap = mem; if (ap == 0) return; p = (struct mhead *) ap - 1; if (p -> mh_alloc == ISMEMALIGN) { #ifdef rcheck ap -= p->mh_nbytes; #endif p = (struct mhead *) ap - 1; } #ifndef rcheck if (p -> mh_alloc != ISALLOC) abort (); #else /* rcheck */ if (p -> mh_alloc != ISALLOC) { if (p -> mh_alloc == ISFREE) botch ("free: Called with already freed block argument\n"); else botch ("free: Called with bad argument\n"); } ASSERT (p -> mh_magic4 == MAGIC4); ap += p -> mh_nbytes; ASSERT (*ap++ == MAGIC1); ASSERT (*ap++ == MAGIC1); ASSERT (*ap++ == MAGIC1); ASSERT (*ap == MAGIC1); #endif /* rcheck */ } { register int nunits = p -> mh_index; ASSERT (nunits <= 29); p -> mh_alloc = ISFREE; /* Protect against signal handlers calling malloc. */ busy[nunits] = 1; /* Put this block on the free list. */ CHAIN (p) = nextf[nunits]; nextf[nunits] = p; busy[nunits] = 0; #ifdef MSTATS nmalloc[nunits]--; nfre++; #endif /* MSTATS */ } } char * realloc (mem, n) char *mem; register unsigned n; { register struct mhead *p; register unsigned int tocopy; register unsigned int nbytes; register int nunits; if ((p = (struct mhead *) mem) == 0) return malloc (n); p--; nunits = p -> mh_index; ASSERT (p -> mh_alloc == ISALLOC); #ifdef rcheck ASSERT (p -> mh_magic4 == MAGIC4); { register char *m = mem + (tocopy = p -> mh_nbytes); ASSERT (*m++ == MAGIC1); ASSERT (*m++ == MAGIC1); ASSERT (*m++ == MAGIC1); ASSERT (*m == MAGIC1); } #else /* not rcheck */ if (p -> mh_index >= 13) tocopy = (1 << (p -> mh_index + 3)) - sizeof *p; else tocopy = p -> mh_size; #endif /* not rcheck */ /* See if desired size rounds to same power of 2 as actual size. */ nbytes = (n + sizeof *p + EXTRA + 7) & ~7; /* If ok, use the same block, just marking its size as changed. */ if (nbytes > (4 << nunits) && nbytes <= (8 << nunits)) { #ifdef rcheck register char *m = mem + tocopy; *m++ = 0; *m++ = 0; *m++ = 0; *m++ = 0; p-> mh_nbytes = n; m = mem + n; *m++ = MAGIC1; *m++ = MAGIC1; *m++ = MAGIC1; *m++ = MAGIC1; #else /* not rcheck */ p -> mh_size = n; #endif /* not rcheck */ return mem; } if (n < tocopy) tocopy = n; { register char *new; if ((new = malloc (n)) == 0) return 0; bcopy (mem, new, tocopy); free (mem); return new; } } char * memalign (alignment, size) unsigned alignment, size; { register char *ptr = malloc (size + alignment); register char *aligned; register struct mhead *p; if (ptr == 0) return 0; /* If entire block has the desired alignment, just accept it. */ if (((int) ptr & (alignment - 1)) == 0) return ptr; /* Otherwise, get address of byte in the block that has that alignment. */ aligned = (char *) (((int) ptr + alignment - 1) & -alignment); /* Store a suitable indication of how to free the block, so that free can find the true beginning of it. */ p = (struct mhead *) aligned - 1; p -> mh_size = aligned - ptr; p -> mh_alloc = ISMEMALIGN; return aligned; } #if !defined (HPUX) && !defined (Multimax) && !defined (Multimax32k) /* This runs into trouble with getpagesize on HPUX, and Multimax machines. Patching out seems cleaner than the ugly fix needed. */ char * valloc (size) { return memalign (getpagesize (), size); } #endif /* !HPUX && !Multimax && !Multimax32k */ #ifdef MSTATS /* Return statistics describing allocation of blocks of size 2**n. */ struct mstats_value { int blocksize; int nfree; int nused; }; struct mstats_value malloc_stats (size) int size; { struct mstats_value v; register int i; register struct mhead *p; v.nfree = 0; if (size < 0 || size >= 30) { v.blocksize = 0; v.nused = 0; return v; } v.blocksize = 1 << (size + 3); v.nused = nmalloc[size]; for (p = nextf[size]; p; p = CHAIN (p)) v.nfree++; return v; } #endif /* MSTATS */ /* * This function returns the total number of bytes that the process * will be allowed to allocate via the sbrk(2) system call. On * BSD systems this is the total space allocatable to stack and * data. On USG systems this is the data space only. */ #if !defined (HAVE_RESOURCE) extern long ulimit (); static void get_lim_data () { lim_data = ulimit (3, 0); lim_data -= (long) data_space_start; } #else /* HAVE_RESOURCE */ static void get_lim_data () { struct rlimit XXrlimit; getrlimit (RLIMIT_DATA, &XXrlimit); #ifdef RLIM_INFINITY lim_data = XXrlimit.rlim_cur & RLIM_INFINITY; /* soft limit */ #else lim_data = XXrlimit.rlim_cur; /* soft limit */ #endif } #endif /* HAVE_RESOURCE */ bash-1.14.3/lib/malloc/x386-alloca.s 664 436 0 3326 4574525006 15030 0ustar chetwheel;; alloca386.s 1.2 ;; GNU-compatible stack allocation function for Xenix/386. ;; Written by Chip Salzenberg at ComDev. ;; Last modified 90/01/11 ;;> Is your alloca clearly better than the one in i386-alloca.s? I haven't ;;> looked at either. ;; ;;They're different because Xenix/386 has a different assembler. SCO ;;Xenix has the Microsoft C compiler and the Microsoft macro assembler, ;;called "masm". MASM's assembler syntax is quite different from AT&T's ;;in all sorts of ways. Xenix people can't use the AT&T version. ;;-- ;;Chip Salzenberg at ComDev/TCT , TITLE $alloca386 .386 DGROUP GROUP CONST, _BSS, _DATA _DATA SEGMENT DWORD USE32 PUBLIC 'DATA' _DATA ENDS _BSS SEGMENT DWORD USE32 PUBLIC 'BSS' _BSS ENDS CONST SEGMENT DWORD USE32 PUBLIC 'CONST' CONST ENDS _TEXT SEGMENT DWORD USE32 PUBLIC 'CODE' ASSUME CS: _TEXT, DS: DGROUP, SS: DGROUP, ES: DGROUP PUBLIC _alloca _alloca PROC NEAR ; Get argument. pop edx ; edx -> return address pop eax ; eax = amount to allocate ; Validate allocation amount. add eax,3 and eax,not 3 cmp eax,0 jg aa_size_ok mov eax,4 aa_size_ok: ; Allocate stack space. mov ecx,esp ; ecx -> old stack pointer sub esp,eax ; perform allocation mov eax,esp ; eax -> new stack pointer ; Copy the three saved register variables from old stack top to new stack top. ; They may not be there. So we waste twelve bytes. Big fat hairy deal. push DWORD PTR 8[ecx] push DWORD PTR 4[ecx] push DWORD PTR 0[ecx] ; Push something so the caller can pop it off. push eax ; Return to caller. jmp edx _alloca ENDP _TEXT ENDS END bash-1.14.3/lib/malloc/xmalloc.c 664 436 0 4111 5336252631 14475 0ustar chetwheel/* xmalloc.c -- safe versions of malloc and realloc */ /* Copyright (C) 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc. This file is part of GNU Readline, a library for reading lines of text with interactive input and history editing. Readline is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 1, or (at your option) any later version. Readline is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details. You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with Readline; see the file COPYING. If not, write to the Free Software Foundation, 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. */ #if defined (ALREADY_HAVE_XMALLOC) #else #include #if defined (HAVE_STDLIB_H) # include #else # include "ansi_stdlib.h" #endif /* HAVE_STDLIB_H */ static void memory_error_and_abort (); /* **************************************************************** */ /* */ /* Memory Allocation and Deallocation. */ /* */ /* **************************************************************** */ /* Return a pointer to free()able block of memory large enough to hold BYTES number of bytes. If the memory cannot be allocated, print an error message and abort. */ char * xmalloc (bytes) int bytes; { char *temp = (char *)malloc (bytes); if (!temp) memory_error_and_abort ("xmalloc"); return (temp); } char * xrealloc (pointer, bytes) char *pointer; int bytes; { char *temp; if (!pointer) temp = (char *)malloc (bytes); else temp = (char *)realloc (pointer, bytes); if (!temp) memory_error_and_abort ("xrealloc"); return (temp); } static void memory_error_and_abort (fname) char *fname; { fprintf (stderr, "%s: Out of virtual memory!\n", fname); abort (); } #endif /* !ALREADY_HAVE_XMALLOC */ bash-1.14.3/lib/malloclib/ 775 436 0 0 5620515716 13306 5ustar chetwheelbash-1.14.3/lib/malloclib/Makefile 664 436 0 3226 5566752071 15037 0ustar chetwheel# Copyright (C) 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc. # This file is part of the GNU C Library. # The GNU C Library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or # modify it under the terms of the GNU Library General Public License # as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of # the License, or (at your option) any later version. # The GNU C Library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, # but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of # MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU # Library General Public License for more details. # You should have received a copy of the GNU Library General Public # License along with the GNU C Library; see the file COPYING.LIB. If # not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 675 Mass Ave, # Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. # Makefile for standalone distribution of malloc. srcdir = . VPATH = .:$(srcdir) all: libmalloc.a sources = calloc.c cfree.c free.c malloc.c mcheck.c morecore.c \ memalign.c mstats.c mtrace.c realloc.c valloc.c objects = calloc.o cfree.o free.o malloc.o mcheck.o morecore.o \ memalign.o mstats.o mtrace.o realloc.o valloc.o headers = malloc.h getpagesize.h libmalloc.a: $(objects) ar crv $@ $(objects) ranlib $@ .c.o: $(CC) $(CFLAGS) $(CPPFLAGS) -I. -c $< $(OUTPUT_OPTION) .PHONY: clean realclean malloc-clean malloc-realclean clean malloc-clean: -rm -f libmalloc.a $(objects) core realclean malloc-realclean: clean -rm -f TAGS tags *~ calloc.o: malloc.h free.o: malloc.h malloc.o: malloc.h mcheck.o: malloc.h memalign.o: malloc.h mstats.o: malloc.h mtrace.o: malloc.h realloc.o: malloc.h valloc.o: malloc.h getpagesize.h bash-1.14.3/lib/malloclib/alloca.c 664 436 0 12222 5416143655 15006 0ustar chetwheel/* alloca -- (mostly) portable public-domain implementation -- D A Gwyn last edit: 86/05/30 rms include config.h, since on VMS it renames some symbols. Use xmalloc instead of malloc. This implementation of the PWB library alloca() function, which is used to allocate space off the run-time stack so that it is automatically reclaimed upon procedure exit, was inspired by discussions with J. Q. Johnson of Cornell. It should work under any C implementation that uses an actual procedure stack (as opposed to a linked list of frames). There are some preprocessor constants that can be defined when compiling for your specific system, for improved efficiency; however, the defaults should be okay. The general concept of this implementation is to keep track of all alloca()-allocated blocks, and reclaim any that are found to be deeper in the stack than the current invocation. This heuristic does not reclaim storage as soon as it becomes invalid, but it will do so eventually. As a special case, alloca(0) reclaims storage without allocating any. It is a good idea to use alloca(0) in your main control loop, etc. to force garbage collection. */ #ifndef lint static char SCCSid[] = "@(#)alloca.c 1.1"; /* for the "what" utility */ #endif #ifdef emacs #include "config.h" #ifdef static /* actually, only want this if static is defined as "" -- this is for usg, in which emacs must undefine static in order to make unexec workable */ #ifndef STACK_DIRECTION you lose -- must know STACK_DIRECTION at compile-time #endif /* STACK_DIRECTION undefined */ #endif /* static */ #endif /* emacs */ #ifdef X3J11 typedef void *pointer; /* generic pointer type */ #else typedef char *pointer; /* generic pointer type */ #endif /* X3J11 */ #define NULL 0 /* null pointer constant */ extern void free(); extern pointer xmalloc(); /* Define STACK_DIRECTION if you know the direction of stack growth for your system; otherwise it will be automatically deduced at run-time. STACK_DIRECTION > 0 => grows toward higher addresses STACK_DIRECTION < 0 => grows toward lower addresses STACK_DIRECTION = 0 => direction of growth unknown */ #ifndef STACK_DIRECTION #define STACK_DIRECTION 0 /* direction unknown */ #endif #if STACK_DIRECTION != 0 #define STACK_DIR STACK_DIRECTION /* known at compile-time */ #else /* STACK_DIRECTION == 0; need run-time code */ static int stack_dir; /* 1 or -1 once known */ #define STACK_DIR stack_dir static void find_stack_direction (/* void */) { static char *addr = NULL; /* address of first `dummy', once known */ auto char dummy; /* to get stack address */ if (addr == NULL) { /* initial entry */ addr = &dummy; find_stack_direction (); /* recurse once */ } else /* second entry */ if (&dummy > addr) stack_dir = 1; /* stack grew upward */ else stack_dir = -1; /* stack grew downward */ } #endif /* STACK_DIRECTION == 0 */ /* An "alloca header" is used to: (a) chain together all alloca()ed blocks; (b) keep track of stack depth. It is very important that sizeof(header) agree with malloc() alignment chunk size. The following default should work okay. */ #ifndef ALIGN_SIZE #define ALIGN_SIZE sizeof(double) #endif typedef union hdr { char align[ALIGN_SIZE]; /* to force sizeof(header) */ struct { union hdr *next; /* for chaining headers */ char *deep; /* for stack depth measure */ } h; } header; /* alloca( size ) returns a pointer to at least `size' bytes of storage which will be automatically reclaimed upon exit from the procedure that called alloca(). Originally, this space was supposed to be taken from the current stack frame of the caller, but that method cannot be made to work for some implementations of C, for example under Gould's UTX/32. */ static header *last_alloca_header = NULL; /* -> last alloca header */ pointer alloca (size) /* returns pointer to storage */ unsigned size; /* # bytes to allocate */ { auto char probe; /* probes stack depth: */ register char *depth = &probe; #if STACK_DIRECTION == 0 if (STACK_DIR == 0) /* unknown growth direction */ find_stack_direction (); #endif /* Reclaim garbage, defined as all alloca()ed storage that was allocated from deeper in the stack than currently. */ { register header *hp; /* traverses linked list */ for (hp = last_alloca_header; hp != NULL;) if (STACK_DIR > 0 && hp->h.deep > depth || STACK_DIR < 0 && hp->h.deep < depth) { register header *np = hp->h.next; free ((pointer) hp); /* collect garbage */ hp = np; /* -> next header */ } else break; /* rest are not deeper */ last_alloca_header = hp; /* -> last valid storage */ } if (size == 0) return NULL; /* no allocation required */ /* Allocate combined header + user data storage. */ { register pointer new = xmalloc (sizeof (header) + size); /* address of header */ ((header *)new)->h.next = last_alloca_header; ((header *)new)->h.deep = depth; last_alloca_header = (header *)new; /* User storage begins just after header. */ return (pointer)((char *)new + sizeof(header)); } } bash-1.14.3/lib/malloclib/i386-alloca.s 664 436 0 415 5416143674 15457 0ustar chetwheel .file "alloca.s" .text .align 4 .def alloca; .val alloca; .scl 2; .type 044; .endef .globl alloca alloca: popl %edx popl %eax addl $3,%eax andl $0xfffffffc,%eax subl %eax,%esp movl %esp,%eax pushl %eax pushl %edx ret .def alloca; .val .; .scl -1; .endef bash-1.14.3/lib/malloclib/calloc.c 664 436 0 2451 5416143135 14764 0ustar chetwheel/* Copyright (C) 1991, 1992 Free Software Foundation, Inc. This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU Library General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later version. This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU Library General Public License for more details. You should have received a copy of the GNU Library General Public License along with this library; see the file COPYING.LIB. If not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. The author may be reached (Email) at the address mike@ai.mit.edu, or (US mail) as Mike Haertel c/o Free Software Foundation. */ #ifndef _MALLOC_INTERNAL #define _MALLOC_INTERNAL #include #endif /* Allocate an array of NMEMB elements each SIZE bytes long. The entire array is initialized to zeros. */ __ptr_t calloc (nmemb, size) register size_t nmemb; register size_t size; { register __ptr_t result = malloc (nmemb * size); if (result != NULL) (void) memset (result, 0, nmemb * size); return result; } bash-1.14.3/lib/malloclib/cfree.c 664 436 0 2153 5416143135 14612 0ustar chetwheel/* Copyright (C) 1991, 1993 Free Software Foundation, Inc. This file is part of the GNU C Library. The GNU C Library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU Library General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later version. The GNU C Library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU Library General Public License for more details. You should have received a copy of the GNU Library General Public License along with the GNU C Library; see the file COPYING.LIB. If not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. */ #ifndef _MALLOC_INTERNAL #define _MALLOC_INTERNAL #include #endif #undef cfree #ifdef _LIBC #include #include function_alias(cfree, free, void, (ptr), DEFUN(cfree, (ptr), PTR ptr)) #else void cfree (ptr) __ptr_t ptr; { free (ptr); } #endif bash-1.14.3/lib/malloclib/x386-alloca.s 664 436 0 3326 5416143674 15522 0ustar chetwheel;; alloca386.s 1.2 ;; GNU-compatible stack allocation function for Xenix/386. ;; Written by Chip Salzenberg at ComDev. ;; Last modified 90/01/11 ;;> Is your alloca clearly better than the one in i386-alloca.s? I haven't ;;> looked at either. ;; ;;They're different because Xenix/386 has a different assembler. SCO ;;Xenix has the Microsoft C compiler and the Microsoft macro assembler, ;;called "masm". MASM's assembler syntax is quite different from AT&T's ;;in all sorts of ways. Xenix people can't use the AT&T version. ;;-- ;;Chip Salzenberg at ComDev/TCT , TITLE $alloca386 .386 DGROUP GROUP CONST, _BSS, _DATA _DATA SEGMENT DWORD USE32 PUBLIC 'DATA' _DATA ENDS _BSS SEGMENT DWORD USE32 PUBLIC 'BSS' _BSS ENDS CONST SEGMENT DWORD USE32 PUBLIC 'CONST' CONST ENDS _TEXT SEGMENT DWORD USE32 PUBLIC 'CODE' ASSUME CS: _TEXT, DS: DGROUP, SS: DGROUP, ES: DGROUP PUBLIC _alloca _alloca PROC NEAR ; Get argument. pop edx ; edx -> return address pop eax ; eax = amount to allocate ; Validate allocation amount. add eax,3 and eax,not 3 cmp eax,0 jg aa_size_ok mov eax,4 aa_size_ok: ; Allocate stack space. mov ecx,esp ; ecx -> old stack pointer sub esp,eax ; perform allocation mov eax,esp ; eax -> new stack pointer ; Copy the three saved register variables from old stack top to new stack top. ; They may not be there. So we waste twelve bytes. Big fat hairy deal. push DWORD PTR 8[ecx] push DWORD PTR 4[ecx] push DWORD PTR 0[ecx] ; Push something so the caller can pop it off. push eax ; Return to caller. jmp edx _alloca ENDP _TEXT ENDS END bash-1.14.3/lib/malloclib/morecore.c 664 436 0 2462 5416144037 15346 0ustar chetwheel/* Copyright (C) 1991, 1992 Free Software Foundation, Inc. This file is part of the GNU C Library. The GNU C Library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option) any later version. The GNU C Library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details. You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with the GNU C Library; see the file COPYING. If not, write to the Free Software Foundation, 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. */ #ifndef _MALLOC_INTERNAL #define _MALLOC_INTERNAL #include #endif #ifndef __GNU_LIBRARY__ #define __sbrk sbrk #endif extern __ptr_t __sbrk __P ((int increment)); #ifndef NULL #define NULL 0 #endif /* Allocate INCREMENT more bytes of data space, and return the start of data space, or NULL on errors. If INCREMENT is negative, shrink data space. */ __ptr_t __default_morecore (increment) ptrdiff_t increment; { __ptr_t result = __sbrk ((int) increment); if (result == (__ptr_t) -1) return NULL; return result; } bash-1.14.3/lib/malloclib/free.c 664 436 0 14344 5423010753 14471 0ustar chetwheel/* Free a block of memory allocated by `malloc'. Copyright 1990, 1991, 1992 Free Software Foundation Written May 1989 by Mike Haertel. This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU Library General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later version. This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU Library General Public License for more details. You should have received a copy of the GNU Library General Public License along with this library; see the file COPYING.LIB. If not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. The author may be reached (Email) at the address mike@ai.mit.edu, or (US mail) as Mike Haertel c/o Free Software Foundation. */ #ifndef _MALLOC_INTERNAL #define _MALLOC_INTERNAL #include #endif /* Debugging hook for free. */ void (*__free_hook) __P ((__ptr_t __ptr)); /* List of blocks allocated by memalign. */ struct alignlist *_aligned_blocks = NULL; /* Return memory to the heap. Like `free' but don't call a __free_hook if there is one. */ void _free_internal (ptr) __ptr_t ptr; { int type; size_t block, blocks; register size_t i; struct list *prev, *next; block = BLOCK (ptr); type = _heapinfo[block].busy.type; switch (type) { case 0: /* Get as many statistics as early as we can. */ --_chunks_used; _bytes_used -= _heapinfo[block].busy.info.size * BLOCKSIZE; _bytes_free += _heapinfo[block].busy.info.size * BLOCKSIZE; /* Find the free cluster previous to this one in the free list. Start searching at the last block referenced; this may benefit programs with locality of allocation. */ i = _heapindex; if (i > block) while (i > block) i = _heapinfo[i].free.prev; else { do i = _heapinfo[i].free.next; while (i > 0 && i < block); i = _heapinfo[i].free.prev; } /* Determine how to link this block into the free list. */ if (block == i + _heapinfo[i].free.size) { /* Coalesce this block with its predecessor. */ _heapinfo[i].free.size += _heapinfo[block].busy.info.size; block = i; } else { /* Really link this block back into the free list. */ _heapinfo[block].free.size = _heapinfo[block].busy.info.size; _heapinfo[block].free.next = _heapinfo[i].free.next; _heapinfo[block].free.prev = i; _heapinfo[i].free.next = block; _heapinfo[_heapinfo[block].free.next].free.prev = block; ++_chunks_free; } /* Now that the block is linked in, see if we can coalesce it with its successor (by deleting its successor from the list and adding in its size). */ if (block + _heapinfo[block].free.size == _heapinfo[block].free.next) { _heapinfo[block].free.size += _heapinfo[_heapinfo[block].free.next].free.size; _heapinfo[block].free.next = _heapinfo[_heapinfo[block].free.next].free.next; _heapinfo[_heapinfo[block].free.next].free.prev = block; --_chunks_free; } /* Now see if we can return stuff to the system. */ blocks = _heapinfo[block].free.size; if (blocks >= FINAL_FREE_BLOCKS && block + blocks == _heaplimit && (*__morecore) (0) == ADDRESS (block + blocks)) { register size_t bytes = blocks * BLOCKSIZE; _heaplimit -= blocks; (*__morecore) (-bytes); _heapinfo[_heapinfo[block].free.prev].free.next = _heapinfo[block].free.next; _heapinfo[_heapinfo[block].free.next].free.prev = _heapinfo[block].free.prev; block = _heapinfo[block].free.prev; --_chunks_free; _bytes_free -= bytes; } /* Set the next search to begin at this block. */ _heapindex = block; break; default: /* Do some of the statistics. */ --_chunks_used; _bytes_used -= 1 << type; ++_chunks_free; _bytes_free += 1 << type; /* Get the address of the first free fragment in this block. */ prev = (struct list *) ((char *) ADDRESS (block) + (_heapinfo[block].busy.info.frag.first << type)); if (_heapinfo[block].busy.info.frag.nfree == (BLOCKSIZE >> type) - 1 && _fragblocks[type] > 1) { /* If all fragments of this block are free, remove them from the fragment list and free the whole block. */ --_fragblocks[type]; next = prev; for (i = 1; i < (size_t) (BLOCKSIZE >> type); ++i) next = next->next; prev->prev->next = next; if (next != NULL) next->prev = prev->prev; _heapinfo[block].busy.type = 0; _heapinfo[block].busy.info.size = 1; /* Keep the statistics accurate. */ ++_chunks_used; _bytes_used += BLOCKSIZE; _chunks_free -= BLOCKSIZE >> type; _bytes_free -= BLOCKSIZE; free (ADDRESS (block)); } else if (_heapinfo[block].busy.info.frag.nfree != 0) { /* If some fragments of this block are free, link this fragment into the fragment list after the first free fragment of this block. */ next = (struct list *) ptr; next->next = prev->next; next->prev = prev; prev->next = next; if (next->next != NULL) next->next->prev = next; ++_heapinfo[block].busy.info.frag.nfree; } else { /* No fragments of this block are free, so link this fragment into the fragment list and announce that it is the first free fragment of this block. */ prev = (struct list *) ptr; _heapinfo[block].busy.info.frag.nfree = 1; _heapinfo[block].busy.info.frag.first = (unsigned long int) ((unsigned long int) ((char *) ptr - (char *) NULL) % BLOCKSIZE >> type); prev->next = _fraghead[type].next; prev->prev = &_fraghead[type]; prev->prev->next = prev; if (prev->next != NULL) prev->next->prev = prev; } break; } } /* Return memory to the heap. */ void free (ptr) __ptr_t ptr; { register struct alignlist *l; if (ptr == NULL) return; for (l = _aligned_blocks; l != NULL; l = l->next) if (l->aligned == ptr) { l->aligned = NULL; /* Mark the slot in the list as free. */ ptr = l->exact; break; } if (__free_hook != NULL) (*__free_hook) (ptr); else _free_internal (ptr); } bash-1.14.3/lib/malloclib/getpagesize.h 664 436 0 3632 5416143617 16052 0ustar chetwheel/* Emulation of getpagesize() for systems that need it. Copyright (C) 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc. This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later version. This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details. You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. */ #if !defined (USG) extern size_t getpagesize __P ((void)); # if !defined (HAVE_GETPAGESIZE) # define HAVE_GETPAGESIZE # endif /* !HAVE_GETPAGESIZE */ #endif /* !USG */ #if !defined (HAVE_GETPAGESIZE) && defined (HAVE_UNISTD_H) # include # if defined (_SC_PAGESIZE) # define getpagesize() sysconf(_SC_PAGESIZE) # endif /* _SC_PAGESIZE */ #endif #if !defined (HAVE_GETPAGESIZE) # include # if defined (PAGESIZE) # define getpagesize() PAGESIZE # else /* !PAGESIZE */ # if defined (EXEC_PAGESIZE) # define getpagesize() EXEC_PAGESIZE # else /* !EXEC_PAGESIZE */ # if defined (NBPG) # if !defined (CLSIZE) # define CLSIZE 1 # endif /* !CLSIZE */ # define getpagesize() (NBPG * CLSIZE) # else /* !NBPG */ # if defined (NBPC) # define getpagesize() NBPC # endif /* NBPC */ # endif /* !NBPG */ # endif /* !EXEC_PAGESIZE */ # endif /* !PAGESIZE */ #endif /* !getpagesize */ #if !defined (HAVE_GETPAGESIZE) && !defined (getpagesize) # define getpagesize() 4096 /* Just punt and use reasonable value */ #endif /* !HAVE_GETPAGESIZE && !getpagesize */ bash-1.14.3/lib/malloclib/malloc.c 664 436 0 22312 5552605350 15017 0ustar chetwheel/* Memory allocator `malloc'. Copyright 1990, 1991, 1992, 1993 Free Software Foundation Written May 1989 by Mike Haertel. This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU Library General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later version. This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU Library General Public License for more details. You should have received a copy of the GNU Library General Public License along with this library; see the file COPYING.LIB. If not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. The author may be reached (Email) at the address mike@ai.mit.edu, or (US mail) as Mike Haertel c/o Free Software Foundation. */ #ifndef _MALLOC_INTERNAL #define _MALLOC_INTERNAL #include #endif /* How to really get more memory. */ __ptr_t (*__morecore) __P ((ptrdiff_t __size)) = __default_morecore; /* Debugging hook for `malloc'. */ __ptr_t (*__malloc_hook) __P ((size_t __size)); /* Pointer to the base of the first block. */ char *_heapbase; /* Block information table. Allocated with align/__free (not malloc/free). */ malloc_info *_heapinfo; /* Number of info entries. */ static size_t heapsize; /* Search index in the info table. */ size_t _heapindex; /* Limit of valid info table indices. */ size_t _heaplimit; /* Count of large blocks allocated for each fragment size. */ int _fragblocks[BLOCKLOG]; /* Free lists for each fragment size. */ struct list _fraghead[BLOCKLOG]; /* Instrumentation. */ size_t _chunks_used; size_t _bytes_used; size_t _chunks_free; size_t _bytes_free; /* Are you experienced? */ int __malloc_initialized; void (*__after_morecore_hook) __P ((void)); /* Aligned allocation. */ static __ptr_t align __P ((size_t)); static __ptr_t align (size) size_t size; { __ptr_t result; unsigned long int adj; result = (*__morecore) (size); adj = (unsigned long int) ((unsigned long int) ((char *) result - (char *) NULL)) % BLOCKSIZE; if (adj != 0) { adj = BLOCKSIZE - adj; (void) (*__morecore) (adj); result = (char *) result + adj; } if (__after_morecore_hook) (*__after_morecore_hook) (); return result; } /* Set everything up and remember that we have. */ static int initialize __P ((void)); static int initialize () { heapsize = HEAP / BLOCKSIZE; _heapinfo = (malloc_info *) align (heapsize * sizeof (malloc_info)); _bytes_used = heapsize * sizeof (malloc_info); _chunks_used++; if (_heapinfo == NULL) return 0; memset (_heapinfo, 0, heapsize * sizeof (malloc_info)); _heapinfo[0].free.size = 0; _heapinfo[0].free.next = _heapinfo[0].free.prev = 0; _heapindex = 0; _heapbase = (char *) _heapinfo; __malloc_initialized = 1; return 1; } /* Get neatly aligned memory, initializing or growing the heap info table as necessary. */ static __ptr_t morecore __P ((size_t)); static __ptr_t morecore (size) size_t size; { __ptr_t result; malloc_info *newinfo, *oldinfo; size_t newsize; result = align (size); if (result == NULL) return NULL; /* Check if we need to grow the info table. */ if ((size_t) BLOCK ((char *) result + size) > heapsize) { newsize = heapsize; while ((size_t) BLOCK ((char *) result + size) > newsize) newsize *= 2; newinfo = (malloc_info *) align (newsize * sizeof (malloc_info)); if (newinfo == NULL) { (*__morecore) (-size); return NULL; } _bytes_used += newsize * sizeof (malloc_info); _chunks_used++; memset (newinfo, 0, newsize * sizeof (malloc_info)); memcpy (newinfo, _heapinfo, heapsize * sizeof (malloc_info)); oldinfo = _heapinfo; newinfo[BLOCK (oldinfo)].busy.type = 0; newinfo[BLOCK (oldinfo)].busy.info.size = BLOCKIFY (heapsize * sizeof (malloc_info)); _heapinfo = newinfo; heapsize = newsize; } _heaplimit = BLOCK ((char *) result + size); return result; } /* Allocate memory from the heap. */ __ptr_t malloc (size) size_t size; { __ptr_t result; size_t block, blocks, lastblocks, start; register size_t i; struct list *next; if (size == 0) return NULL; if (__malloc_hook != NULL) return (*__malloc_hook) (size); if (!__malloc_initialized) if (!initialize ()) return NULL; if (size < sizeof (struct list)) size = sizeof (struct list); /* Determine the allocation policy based on the request size. */ if (size <= BLOCKSIZE / 2) { /* Small allocation to receive a fragment of a block. Determine the logarithm to base two of the fragment size. */ register size_t log = 1; --size; while ((size /= 2) != 0) ++log; /* Look in the fragment lists for a free fragment of the desired size. */ next = _fraghead[log].next; if (next != NULL) { /* There are free fragments of this size. Pop a fragment out of the fragment list and return it. Update the block's nfree and first counters. */ result = (__ptr_t) next; next->prev->next = next->next; if (next->next != NULL) next->next->prev = next->prev; block = BLOCK (result); if (--_heapinfo[block].busy.info.frag.nfree != 0) _heapinfo[block].busy.info.frag.first = (unsigned long int) ((unsigned long int) ((char *) next->next - (char *) NULL) % BLOCKSIZE) >> log; /* Update the statistics. */ ++_chunks_used; _bytes_used += 1 << log; --_chunks_free; _bytes_free -= 1 << log; } else { /* No free fragments of the desired size, so get a new block and break it into fragments, returning the first. */ result = malloc (BLOCKSIZE); if (result == NULL) return NULL; ++_fragblocks[log]; /* Link all fragments but the first into the free list. */ for (i = 1; i < (size_t) (BLOCKSIZE >> log); ++i) { next = (struct list *) ((char *) result + (i << log)); next->next = _fraghead[log].next; next->prev = &_fraghead[log]; next->prev->next = next; if (next->next != NULL) next->next->prev = next; } /* Initialize the nfree and first counters for this block. */ block = BLOCK (result); _heapinfo[block].busy.type = log; _heapinfo[block].busy.info.frag.nfree = i - 1; _heapinfo[block].busy.info.frag.first = i - 1; _chunks_free += (BLOCKSIZE >> log) - 1; _bytes_free += BLOCKSIZE - (1 << log); _bytes_used -= BLOCKSIZE - (1 << log); } } else { /* Large allocation to receive one or more blocks. Search the free list in a circle starting at the last place visited. If we loop completely around without finding a large enough space we will have to get more memory from the system. */ blocks = BLOCKIFY (size); start = block = _heapindex; while (_heapinfo[block].free.size < blocks) { block = _heapinfo[block].free.next; if (block == start) { /* Need to get more from the system. Check to see if the new core will be contiguous with the final free block; if so we don't need to get as much. */ block = _heapinfo[0].free.prev; lastblocks = _heapinfo[block].free.size; if (_heaplimit != 0 && block + lastblocks == _heaplimit && (*__morecore) (0) == ADDRESS (block + lastblocks) && (morecore ((blocks - lastblocks) * BLOCKSIZE)) != NULL) { /* Note that morecore() can change the location of the final block if it moves the info table and the old one gets coalesced into the final block. */ block = _heapinfo[0].free.prev; _heapinfo[block].free.size += blocks - lastblocks; continue; } result = morecore (blocks * BLOCKSIZE); if (result == NULL) return NULL; block = BLOCK (result); _heapinfo[block].busy.type = 0; _heapinfo[block].busy.info.size = blocks; ++_chunks_used; _bytes_used += blocks * BLOCKSIZE; return result; } } /* At this point we have found a suitable free list entry. Figure out how to remove what we need from the list. */ result = ADDRESS (block); if (_heapinfo[block].free.size > blocks) { /* The block we found has a bit left over, so relink the tail end back into the free list. */ _heapinfo[block + blocks].free.size = _heapinfo[block].free.size - blocks; _heapinfo[block + blocks].free.next = _heapinfo[block].free.next; _heapinfo[block + blocks].free.prev = _heapinfo[block].free.prev; _heapinfo[_heapinfo[block].free.prev].free.next = _heapinfo[_heapinfo[block].free.next].free.prev = _heapindex = block + blocks; } else { /* The block exactly matches our requirements, so just remove it from the list. */ _heapinfo[_heapinfo[block].free.next].free.prev = _heapinfo[block].free.prev; _heapinfo[_heapinfo[block].free.prev].free.next = _heapindex = _heapinfo[block].free.next; --_chunks_free; } _heapinfo[block].busy.type = 0; _heapinfo[block].busy.info.size = blocks; ++_chunks_used; _bytes_used += blocks * BLOCKSIZE; _bytes_free -= blocks * BLOCKSIZE; } return result; } bash-1.14.3/lib/malloclib/malloc.h 664 436 0 17455 5423011757 15037 0ustar chetwheel/* Declarations for `malloc' and friends. Copyright 1990, 1991, 1992, 1993 Free Software Foundation, Inc. Written May 1989 by Mike Haertel. This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU Library General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later version. This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU Library General Public License for more details. You should have received a copy of the GNU Library General Public License along with this library; see the file COPYING.LIB. If not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. The author may be reached (Email) at the address mike@ai.mit.edu, or (US mail) as Mike Haertel c/o Free Software Foundation. */ #ifndef _MALLOC_H #define _MALLOC_H 1 #ifdef _MALLOC_INTERNAL /* Harmless, gets __GNU_LIBRARY__ defined. We must do this before #defining size_t and ptrdiff_t because tries to typedef them on some systems. */ #include #endif #ifdef __cplusplus extern "C" { #endif #if defined (__cplusplus) || (defined (__STDC__) && __STDC__) #undef __P #define __P(args) args #undef __ptr_t #define __ptr_t void * #else /* Not C++ or ANSI C. */ #undef __P #define __P(args) () #undef const #define const #undef __ptr_t #define __ptr_t char * #endif /* C++ or ANSI C. */ #ifndef NULL #define NULL 0 #endif #ifdef __STDC__ #include #else #undef size_t #define size_t unsigned int #undef ptrdiff_t #define ptrdiff_t int #endif /* Allocate SIZE bytes of memory. */ extern __ptr_t malloc __P ((size_t __size)); /* Re-allocate the previously allocated block in __ptr_t, making the new block SIZE bytes long. */ extern __ptr_t realloc __P ((__ptr_t __ptr, size_t __size)); /* Allocate NMEMB elements of SIZE bytes each, all initialized to 0. */ extern __ptr_t calloc __P ((size_t __nmemb, size_t __size)); /* Free a block allocated by `malloc', `realloc' or `calloc'. */ extern void free __P ((__ptr_t __ptr)); /* Allocate SIZE bytes allocated to ALIGNMENT bytes. */ extern __ptr_t memalign __P ((size_t __alignment, size_t __size)); /* Allocate SIZE bytes on a page boundary. */ extern __ptr_t valloc __P ((size_t __size)); #ifdef _MALLOC_INTERNAL #ifdef HAVE_CONFIG_H #include "config.h" #endif #if defined(__GNU_LIBRARY__) || defined(STDC_HEADERS) || defined(USG) #include #else #ifndef memset #define memset(s, zero, n) bzero ((s), (n)) #endif #ifndef memcpy #define memcpy(d, s, n) bcopy ((s), (d), (n)) #endif #ifndef memmove #define memmove(d, s, n) bcopy ((s), (d), (n)) #endif #endif #if defined(__GNU_LIBRARY__) || defined(__STDC__) #include #else #define CHAR_BIT 8 #endif /* The allocator divides the heap into blocks of fixed size; large requests receive one or more whole blocks, and small requests receive a fragment of a block. Fragment sizes are powers of two, and all fragments of a block are the same size. When all the fragments in a block have been freed, the block itself is freed. */ #define INT_BIT (CHAR_BIT * sizeof(int)) #define BLOCKLOG (INT_BIT > 16 ? 12 : 9) #define BLOCKSIZE (1 << BLOCKLOG) #define BLOCKIFY(SIZE) (((SIZE) + BLOCKSIZE - 1) / BLOCKSIZE) /* Determine the amount of memory spanned by the initial heap table (not an absolute limit). */ #define HEAP (INT_BIT > 16 ? 4194304 : 65536) /* Number of contiguous free blocks allowed to build up at the end of memory before they will be returned to the system. */ #define FINAL_FREE_BLOCKS 8 /* Data structure giving per-block information. */ typedef union { /* Heap information for a busy block. */ struct { /* Zero for a large block, or positive giving the logarithm to the base two of the fragment size. */ int type; union { struct { size_t nfree; /* Free fragments in a fragmented block. */ size_t first; /* First free fragment of the block. */ } frag; /* Size (in blocks) of a large cluster. */ size_t size; } info; } busy; /* Heap information for a free block (that may be the first of a free cluster). */ struct { size_t size; /* Size (in blocks) of a free cluster. */ size_t next; /* Index of next free cluster. */ size_t prev; /* Index of previous free cluster. */ } free; } malloc_info; /* Pointer to first block of the heap. */ extern char *_heapbase; /* Table indexed by block number giving per-block information. */ extern malloc_info *_heapinfo; /* Address to block number and vice versa. */ #define BLOCK(A) (((char *) (A) - _heapbase) / BLOCKSIZE + 1) #define ADDRESS(B) ((__ptr_t) (((B) - 1) * BLOCKSIZE + _heapbase)) /* Current search index for the heap table. */ extern size_t _heapindex; /* Limit of valid info table indices. */ extern size_t _heaplimit; /* Doubly linked lists of free fragments. */ struct list { struct list *next; struct list *prev; }; /* Count of blocks for each fragment size. */ extern int _fragblocks[]; /* Free list headers for each fragment size. */ extern struct list _fraghead[]; /* List of blocks allocated with `memalign' (or `valloc'). */ struct alignlist { struct alignlist *next; __ptr_t aligned; /* The address that memaligned returned. */ __ptr_t exact; /* The address that malloc returned. */ }; extern struct alignlist *_aligned_blocks; /* Instrumentation. */ extern size_t _chunks_used; extern size_t _bytes_used; extern size_t _chunks_free; extern size_t _bytes_free; /* Internal version of `free' used in `morecore' (malloc.c). */ extern void _free_internal __P ((__ptr_t __ptr)); #endif /* _MALLOC_INTERNAL. */ /* Underlying allocation function; successive calls should return contiguous pieces of memory. */ extern __ptr_t (*__morecore) __P ((ptrdiff_t __size)); /* Default value of `__morecore'. */ extern __ptr_t __default_morecore __P ((ptrdiff_t __size)); /* If not NULL, this function is called after each time `__morecore' is called to increase the data size. */ extern void (*__after_morecore_hook) __P ((void)); /* Nonzero if `malloc' has been called and done its initialization. */ extern int __malloc_initialized; /* Hooks for debugging versions. */ extern void (*__free_hook) __P ((__ptr_t __ptr)); extern __ptr_t (*__malloc_hook) __P ((size_t __size)); extern __ptr_t (*__realloc_hook) __P ((__ptr_t __ptr, size_t __size)); /* Activate a standard collection of debugging hooks. */ extern int mcheck __P ((void (*__bfunc) __P ((char *)), void (*__afunc) __P ((void)))); /* Activate a standard collection of tracing hooks. */ extern void mtrace __P ((void)); /* Statistics available to the user. */ struct mstats { size_t bytes_total; /* Total size of the heap. */ size_t chunks_used; /* Chunks allocated by the user. */ size_t bytes_used; /* Byte total of user-allocated chunks. */ size_t chunks_free; /* Chunks in the free list. */ size_t bytes_free; /* Byte total of chunks in the free list. */ }; /* Pick up the current statistics. */ extern struct mstats mstats __P ((void)); /* Call WARNFUN with a warning message when memory usage is high. */ extern void memory_warnings __P ((__ptr_t __start, void (*__warnfun) __P ((__const char *)))); /* Relocating allocator. */ /* Allocate SIZE bytes, and store the address in *HANDLEPTR. */ extern __ptr_t r_alloc __P ((__ptr_t *__handleptr, size_t __size)); /* Free the storage allocated in HANDLEPTR. */ extern void r_alloc_free __P ((__ptr_t *__handleptr)); /* Adjust the block at HANDLEPTR to be SIZE bytes long. */ extern __ptr_t r_re_alloc __P ((__ptr_t *__handleptr, size_t __size)); #ifdef __cplusplus } #endif #endif /* malloc.h */ bash-1.14.3/lib/malloclib/xmalloc.c 664 436 0 3616 5416144233 15172 0ustar chetwheel/* xmalloc.c -- safe versions of malloc and realloc */ /* Copyright (C) 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc. This file is part of GNU Readline, a library for reading lines of text with interactive input and history editing. Readline is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 1, or (at your option) any later version. Readline is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details. You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with Readline; see the file COPYING. If not, write to the Free Software Foundation, 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. */ #include static void memory_error_and_abort (); /* **************************************************************** */ /* */ /* Memory Allocation and Deallocation. */ /* */ /* **************************************************************** */ /* Return a pointer to free()able block of memory large enough to hold BYTES number of bytes. If the memory cannot be allocated, print an error message and abort. */ char * xmalloc (bytes) int bytes; { char *temp = (char *)malloc (bytes); if (!temp) memory_error_and_abort ("xmalloc"); return (temp); } char * xrealloc (pointer, bytes) char *pointer; int bytes; { char *temp; if (!pointer) temp = (char *)malloc (bytes); else temp = (char *)realloc (pointer, bytes); if (!temp) memory_error_and_abort ("xrealloc"); return (temp); } static void memory_error_and_abort (fname) char *fname; { fprintf (stderr, "%s: Out of virtual memory!\n", fname); abort (); } bash-1.14.3/lib/malloclib/mcheck.c 664 436 0 7044 5416143136 14765 0ustar chetwheel/* Standard debugging hooks for `malloc'. Copyright 1990, 1991, 1992, 1993 Free Software Foundation Written May 1989 by Mike Haertel. This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU Library General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later version. This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU Library General Public License for more details. You should have received a copy of the GNU Library General Public License along with this library; see the file COPYING.LIB. If not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. The author may be reached (Email) at the address mike@ai.mit.edu, or (US mail) as Mike Haertel c/o Free Software Foundation. */ #ifndef _MALLOC_INTERNAL #define _MALLOC_INTERNAL #include #endif /* Old hook values. */ static void (*old_free_hook) __P ((__ptr_t ptr)); static __ptr_t (*old_malloc_hook) __P ((size_t size)); static __ptr_t (*old_realloc_hook) __P ((__ptr_t ptr, size_t size)); /* Function to call when something awful happens. */ static void (*abortfunc) __P ((void)); /* Arbitrary magical numbers. */ #define MAGICWORD 0xfedabeeb #define MAGICBYTE ((char) 0xd7) struct hdr { size_t size; /* Exact size requested by user. */ unsigned long int magic; /* Magic number to check header integrity. */ }; static void checkhdr __P ((const struct hdr *)); static void checkhdr (hdr) const struct hdr *hdr; { if (hdr->magic != MAGICWORD || ((char *) &hdr[1])[hdr->size] != MAGICBYTE) (*abortfunc) (); } static void freehook __P ((__ptr_t)); static void freehook (ptr) __ptr_t ptr; { struct hdr *hdr = ((struct hdr *) ptr) - 1; checkhdr (hdr); hdr->magic = 0; __free_hook = old_free_hook; free (hdr); __free_hook = freehook; } static __ptr_t mallochook __P ((size_t)); static __ptr_t mallochook (size) size_t size; { struct hdr *hdr; __malloc_hook = old_malloc_hook; hdr = (struct hdr *) malloc (sizeof (struct hdr) + size + 1); __malloc_hook = mallochook; if (hdr == NULL) return NULL; hdr->size = size; hdr->magic = MAGICWORD; ((char *) &hdr[1])[size] = MAGICBYTE; return (__ptr_t) (hdr + 1); } static __ptr_t reallochook __P ((__ptr_t, size_t)); static __ptr_t reallochook (ptr, size) __ptr_t ptr; size_t size; { struct hdr *hdr = ((struct hdr *) ptr) - 1; checkhdr (hdr); __free_hook = old_free_hook; __malloc_hook = old_malloc_hook; __realloc_hook = old_realloc_hook; hdr = (struct hdr *) realloc ((__ptr_t) hdr, sizeof (struct hdr) + size + 1); __free_hook = freehook; __malloc_hook = mallochook; __realloc_hook = reallochook; if (hdr == NULL) return NULL; hdr->size = size; ((char *) &hdr[1])[size] = MAGICBYTE; return (__ptr_t) (hdr + 1); } int mcheck (func) void (*func) __P ((void)); { extern void abort __P ((void)); static int mcheck_used = 0; abortfunc = (func != NULL) ? func : abort; /* These hooks may not be safely inserted if malloc is already in use. */ if (!__malloc_initialized && !mcheck_used) { old_free_hook = __free_hook; __free_hook = freehook; old_malloc_hook = __malloc_hook; __malloc_hook = mallochook; old_realloc_hook = __realloc_hook; __realloc_hook = reallochook; mcheck_used = 1; } return mcheck_used ? 0 : -1; } bash-1.14.3/lib/malloclib/memalign.c 664 436 0 3271 5416143136 15322 0ustar chetwheel/* Copyright (C) 1991, 1992 Free Software Foundation, Inc. This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU Library General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later version. This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU Library General Public License for more details. You should have received a copy of the GNU Library General Public License along with this library; see the file COPYING.LIB. If not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. */ #ifndef _MALLOC_INTERNAL #define _MALLOC_INTERNAL #include #endif __ptr_t memalign (alignment, size) size_t alignment; size_t size; { __ptr_t result; unsigned long int adj; size = ((size + alignment - 1) / alignment) * alignment; result = malloc (size); if (result == NULL) return NULL; adj = (unsigned long int) ((unsigned long int) ((char *) result - (char *) NULL)) % alignment; if (adj != 0) { struct alignlist *l; for (l = _aligned_blocks; l != NULL; l = l->next) if (l->aligned == NULL) /* This slot is free. Use it. */ break; if (l == NULL) { l = (struct alignlist *) malloc (sizeof (struct alignlist)); if (l == NULL) { free (result); return NULL; } } l->exact = result; result = l->aligned = (char *) result + alignment - adj; l->next = _aligned_blocks; _aligned_blocks = l; } return result; } bash-1.14.3/lib/malloclib/mstats.c 664 436 0 2502 5416143136 15040 0ustar chetwheel/* Access the statistics maintained by `malloc'. Copyright 1990, 1991, 1992 Free Software Foundation Written May 1989 by Mike Haertel. This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU Library General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later version. This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU Library General Public License for more details. You should have received a copy of the GNU Library General Public License along with this library; see the file COPYING.LIB. If not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. The author may be reached (Email) at the address mike@ai.mit.edu, or (US mail) as Mike Haertel c/o Free Software Foundation. */ #ifndef _MALLOC_INTERNAL #define _MALLOC_INTERNAL #include #endif struct mstats mstats () { struct mstats result; result.bytes_total = (char *) (*__morecore) (0) - _heapbase; result.chunks_used = _chunks_used; result.bytes_used = _bytes_used; result.chunks_free = _chunks_free; result.bytes_free = _bytes_free; return result; } bash-1.14.3/lib/malloclib/mtrace.awk 664 436 0 1534 5416143136 15344 0ustar chetwheel# # Awk program to analyze mtrace.c output. # $1 == "+" { if (allocated[$2] != "") print "+", $2, "Alloc", NR, "duplicate:", allocated[$2]; else allocated[$2] = $3; } $1 == "-" { if (allocated[$2] != "") { allocated[$2] = ""; if (allocated[$2] != "") print "DELETE FAILED", $2, allocated[$2]; } else print "-", $2, "Free", NR, "was never alloc'd"; } $1 == "<" { if (allocated[$2] != "") allocated[$2] = ""; else print "-", $2, "Realloc", NR, "was never alloc'd"; } $1 == ">" { if (allocated[$2] != "") print "+", $2, "Realloc", NR, "duplicate:", allocated[$2]; else allocated[$2] = $3; } # Ignore "= Start" $1 == "=" { } # Ignore failed realloc attempts for now $1 == "!" { } END { for (x in allocated) if (allocated[x] != "") print "+", x, allocated[x]; } bash-1.14.3/lib/malloclib/mtrace.c 664 436 0 10046 5416143136 15022 0ustar chetwheel/* More debugging hooks for `malloc'. Copyright (C) 1991, 1992, 1993 Free Software Foundation, Inc. Written April 2, 1991 by John Gilmore of Cygnus Support. Based on mcheck.c by Mike Haertel. This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU Library General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later version. This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU Library General Public License for more details. You should have received a copy of the GNU Library General Public License along with this library; see the file COPYING.LIB. If not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. The author may be reached (Email) at the address mike@ai.mit.edu, or (US mail) as Mike Haertel c/o Free Software Foundation. */ #ifndef _MALLOC_INTERNAL #define _MALLOC_INTERNAL #include #endif /* Don't #include because did it for us. */ #ifndef __GNU_LIBRARY__ extern char *getenv (); #else #include #endif static FILE *mallstream; static char mallenv[]= "MALLOC_TRACE"; static char mallbuf[BUFSIZ]; /* Buffer for the output. */ /* Address to breakpoint on accesses to... */ __ptr_t mallwatch; /* Old hook values. */ static void (*tr_old_free_hook) __P ((__ptr_t ptr)); static __ptr_t (*tr_old_malloc_hook) __P ((size_t size)); static __ptr_t (*tr_old_realloc_hook) __P ((__ptr_t ptr, size_t size)); /* This function is called when the block being alloc'd, realloc'd, or freed has an address matching the variable "mallwatch". In a debugger, set "mallwatch" to the address of interest, then put a breakpoint on tr_break. */ void tr_break __P ((void)); void tr_break () { } static void tr_freehook __P ((__ptr_t)); static void tr_freehook (ptr) __ptr_t ptr; { fprintf (mallstream, "- %p\n", ptr); /* Be sure to print it first. */ if (ptr == mallwatch) tr_break (); __free_hook = tr_old_free_hook; free (ptr); __free_hook = tr_freehook; } static __ptr_t tr_mallochook __P ((size_t)); static __ptr_t tr_mallochook (size) size_t size; { __ptr_t hdr; __malloc_hook = tr_old_malloc_hook; hdr = (__ptr_t) malloc (size); __malloc_hook = tr_mallochook; /* We could be printing a NULL here; that's OK. */ fprintf (mallstream, "+ %p %x\n", hdr, size); if (hdr == mallwatch) tr_break (); return hdr; } static __ptr_t tr_reallochook __P ((__ptr_t, size_t)); static __ptr_t tr_reallochook (ptr, size) __ptr_t ptr; size_t size; { __ptr_t hdr; if (ptr == mallwatch) tr_break (); __free_hook = tr_old_free_hook; __malloc_hook = tr_old_malloc_hook; __realloc_hook = tr_old_realloc_hook; hdr = (__ptr_t) realloc (ptr, size); __free_hook = tr_freehook; __malloc_hook = tr_mallochook; __realloc_hook = tr_reallochook; if (hdr == NULL) /* Failed realloc. */ fprintf (mallstream, "! %p %x\n", ptr, size); else fprintf (mallstream, "< %p\n> %p %x\n", ptr, hdr, size); if (hdr == mallwatch) tr_break (); return hdr; } /* We enable tracing if either the environment variable MALLOC_TRACE is set, or if the variable mallwatch has been patched to an address that the debugging user wants us to stop on. When patching mallwatch, don't forget to set a breakpoint on tr_break! */ void mtrace () { char *mallfile; mallfile = getenv (mallenv); if (mallfile != NULL || mallwatch != NULL) { mallstream = fopen (mallfile != NULL ? mallfile : "/dev/null", "w"); if (mallstream != NULL) { /* Be sure it doesn't malloc its buffer! */ setbuf (mallstream, mallbuf); fprintf (mallstream, "= Start\n"); tr_old_free_hook = __free_hook; __free_hook = tr_freehook; tr_old_malloc_hook = __malloc_hook; __malloc_hook = tr_mallochook; tr_old_realloc_hook = __realloc_hook; __realloc_hook = tr_reallochook; } } } bash-1.14.3/lib/malloclib/realloc.c 664 436 0 10364 5416143136 15173 0ustar chetwheel/* Change the size of a block allocated by `malloc'. Copyright 1990, 1991, 1992, 1993 Free Software Foundation, Inc. Written May 1989 by Mike Haertel. This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU Library General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later version. This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU Library General Public License for more details. You should have received a copy of the GNU Library General Public License along with this library; see the file COPYING.LIB. If not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. The author may be reached (Email) at the address mike@ai.mit.edu, or (US mail) as Mike Haertel c/o Free Software Foundation. */ #ifndef _MALLOC_INTERNAL #define _MALLOC_INTERNAL #include #endif #define min(A, B) ((A) < (B) ? (A) : (B)) /* Debugging hook for realloc. */ __ptr_t (*__realloc_hook) __P ((__ptr_t __ptr, size_t __size)); /* Resize the given region to the new size, returning a pointer to the (possibly moved) region. This is optimized for speed; some benchmarks seem to indicate that greater compactness is achieved by unconditionally allocating and copying to a new region. This module has incestuous knowledge of the internals of both free and malloc. */ __ptr_t realloc (ptr, size) __ptr_t ptr; size_t size; { __ptr_t result; int type; size_t block, blocks, oldlimit; if (size == 0) { free (ptr); return malloc (0); } else if (ptr == NULL) return malloc (size); if (__realloc_hook != NULL) return (*__realloc_hook) (ptr, size); block = BLOCK (ptr); type = _heapinfo[block].busy.type; switch (type) { case 0: /* Maybe reallocate a large block to a small fragment. */ if (size <= BLOCKSIZE / 2) { result = malloc (size); if (result != NULL) { memcpy (result, ptr, size); free (ptr); return result; } } /* The new size is a large allocation as well; see if we can hold it in place. */ blocks = BLOCKIFY (size); if (blocks < _heapinfo[block].busy.info.size) { /* The new size is smaller; return excess memory to the free list. */ _heapinfo[block + blocks].busy.type = 0; _heapinfo[block + blocks].busy.info.size = _heapinfo[block].busy.info.size - blocks; _heapinfo[block].busy.info.size = blocks; free (ADDRESS (block + blocks)); result = ptr; } else if (blocks == _heapinfo[block].busy.info.size) /* No size change necessary. */ result = ptr; else { /* Won't fit, so allocate a new region that will. Free the old region first in case there is sufficient adjacent free space to grow without moving. */ blocks = _heapinfo[block].busy.info.size; /* Prevent free from actually returning memory to the system. */ oldlimit = _heaplimit; _heaplimit = 0; free (ptr); _heaplimit = oldlimit; result = malloc (size); if (result == NULL) { /* Now we're really in trouble. We have to unfree the thing we just freed. Unfortunately it might have been coalesced with its neighbors. */ if (_heapindex == block) (void) malloc (blocks * BLOCKSIZE); else { __ptr_t previous = malloc ((block - _heapindex) * BLOCKSIZE); (void) malloc (blocks * BLOCKSIZE); free (previous); } return NULL; } if (ptr != result) memmove (result, ptr, blocks * BLOCKSIZE); } break; default: /* Old size is a fragment; type is logarithm to base two of the fragment size. */ if (size > (size_t) (1 << (type - 1)) && size <= (size_t) (1 << type)) /* The new size is the same kind of fragment. */ result = ptr; else { /* The new size is different; allocate a new space, and copy the lesser of the new size and the old. */ result = malloc (size); if (result == NULL) return NULL; memcpy (result, ptr, min (size, (size_t) 1 << type)); free (ptr); } break; } return result; } bash-1.14.3/lib/malloclib/valloc.c 664 436 0 2601 5416143136 15005 0ustar chetwheel/* Allocate memory on a page boundary. Copyright (C) 1991, 1992, 1993 Free Software Foundation, Inc. This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU Library General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later version. This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU Library General Public License for more details. You should have received a copy of the GNU Library General Public License along with this library; see the file COPYING.LIB. If not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. The author may be reached (Email) at the address mike@ai.mit.edu, or (US mail) as Mike Haertel c/o Free Software Foundation. */ #ifndef _MALLOC_INTERNAL #define _MALLOC_INTERNAL #include #endif #if defined (emacs) || defined (HAVE_CONFIG_H) #include "config.h" #endif #ifdef __GNU_LIBRARY__ extern size_t __getpagesize __P ((void)); #else #include "getpagesize.h" #define __getpagesize() getpagesize() #endif static size_t pagesize; __ptr_t valloc (size) size_t size; { if (pagesize == 0) pagesize = __getpagesize (); return memalign (pagesize, size); } bash-1.14.3/lib/posixheaders/ 775 436 0 0 5620515717 14047 5ustar chetwheelbash-1.14.3/lib/posixheaders/posixstat.h 664 436 0 10741 5275252420 16354 0ustar chetwheel/* posixstat.h -- Posix stat(2) definitions for systems that don't have them. */ /* Copyright (C) 1987,1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc. This file is part of GNU Bash, the Bourne Again SHell. Bash is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 1, or (at your option) any later version. Bash is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details. You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with Bash; see the file COPYING. If not, write to the Free Software Foundation, 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. */ /* This file should be included instead of . It relies on the local sys/stat.h to work though. */ #if !defined (_POSIXSTAT_H) #define _POSIXSTAT_H #include #if defined (isc386) # if !defined (S_IFDIR) # define S_IFDIR 0040000 # endif /* !S_IFDIR */ # if !defined (S_IFMT) # define S_IFMT 0170000 # endif /* !S_IFMT */ #endif /* isc386 */ /* This text is taken directly from the Cadmus I was trying to compile on: the following MACROs are defined for X/OPEN compatibility however, is the param correct ?? #define S_ISBLK(s) ((s.st_mode & S_IFMT) == S_IFBLK) Well, the answer is no. Thus... */ #if defined (BrainDeath) # undef S_ISBLK # undef S_ISCHR # undef S_ISDIR # undef S_ISFIFO # undef S_ISREG #endif /* BrainDeath */ /* Posix 1003.1 5.6.1.1 file types */ /* Some Posix-wannabe systems define _S_IF* macros instead of S_IF*, but do not provide the S_IS* macros that Posix requires. */ #if defined (_S_IFMT) && !defined (S_IFMT) #define S_IFMT _S_IFMT #endif #if defined (_S_IFIFO) && !defined (S_IFIFO) #define S_IFIFO _S_IFIFO #endif #if defined (_S_IFCHR) && !defined (S_IFCHR) #define S_IFCHR _S_IFCHR #endif #if defined (_S_IFDIR) && !defined (S_IFDIR) #define S_IFDIR _S_IFDIR #endif #if defined (_S_IFBLK) && !defined (S_IFBLK) #define S_IFBLK _S_IFBLK #endif #if defined (_S_IFREG) && !defined (S_IFREG) #define S_IFREG _S_IFREG #endif #if defined (_S_IFLNK) && !defined (S_IFLNK) #define S_IFLNK _S_IFLNK #endif #if defined (_S_IFSOCK) && !defined (S_IFSOCK) #define S_IFSOCK _S_IFSOCK #endif /* Test for each symbol individually and define the ones necessary (some systems claiming Posix compatibility define some but not all). */ #if defined (S_IFBLK) && !defined (S_ISBLK) #define S_ISBLK(m) (((m)&S_IFMT) == S_IFBLK) /* block device */ #endif #if defined (S_IFCHR) && !defined (S_ISCHR) #define S_ISCHR(m) (((m)&S_IFMT) == S_IFCHR) /* character device */ #endif #if defined (S_IFDIR) && !defined (S_ISDIR) #define S_ISDIR(m) (((m)&S_IFMT) == S_IFDIR) /* directory */ #endif #if defined (S_IFREG) && !defined (S_ISREG) #define S_ISREG(m) (((m)&S_IFMT) == S_IFREG) /* file */ #endif #if defined (S_IFIFO) && !defined (S_ISFIFO) #define S_ISFIFO(m) (((m)&S_IFMT) == S_IFIFO) /* fifo - named pipe */ #endif #if defined (S_IFLNK) && !defined (S_ISLNK) #define S_ISLNK(m) (((m)&S_IFMT) == S_IFLNK) /* symbolic link */ #endif #if defined (S_IFSOCK) && !defined (S_ISSOCK) #define S_ISSOCK(m) (((m)&S_IFMT) == S_IFSOCK) /* socket */ #endif /* * POSIX 1003.1 5.6.1.2 File Modes */ #if !defined (S_IRWXU) # if !defined (S_IREAD) # define S_IREAD 00400 # define S_IWRITE 00200 # define S_IEXEC 00100 # endif /* S_IREAD */ # if !defined (S_IRUSR) # define S_IRUSR S_IREAD /* read, owner */ # define S_IWUSR S_IWRITE /* write, owner */ # define S_IXUSR S_IEXEC /* execute, owner */ # define S_IRGRP (S_IREAD >> 3) /* read, group */ # define S_IWGRP (S_IWRITE >> 3) /* write, group */ # define S_IXGRP (S_IEXEC >> 3) /* execute, group */ # define S_IROTH (S_IREAD >> 6) /* read, other */ # define S_IWOTH (S_IWRITE >> 6) /* write, other */ # define S_IXOTH (S_IEXEC >> 6) /* execute, other */ # endif /* !S_IRUSR */ # define S_IRWXU (S_IRUSR | S_IWUSR | S_IXUSR) # define S_IRWXG (S_IRGRP | S_IWGRP | S_IXGRP) # define S_IRWXO (S_IROTH | S_IWOTH | S_IXOTH) #endif /* !S_IRWXU */ /* These are non-standard, but are used in builtins.c$symbolic_umask() */ #define S_IRUGO (S_IRUSR | S_IRGRP | S_IROTH) #define S_IWUGO (S_IWUSR | S_IWGRP | S_IWOTH) #define S_IXUGO (S_IXUSR | S_IXGRP | S_IXOTH) #endif /* _POSIXSTAT_H */ bash-1.14.3/lib/posixheaders/ansi_stdlib.h 664 436 0 2450 5505132121 16556 0ustar chetwheel/* ansi_stdlib.h -- An ANSI Standard stdlib.h. */ /* A minimal stdlib.h containing extern declarations for those functions that bash uses. */ /* Copyright (C) 1993 Free Software Foundation, Inc. This file is part of GNU Bash, the Bourne Again SHell. Bash is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option) any later version. Bash is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details. You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with Bash; see the file COPYING. If not, write to the Free Software Foundation, 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. */ #if !defined (_STDLIB_H_) #define _STDLIB_H_ 1 /* String conversion functions. */ extern int atoi (); extern long int atol (); /* Memory allocation functions. */ extern char *malloc (); extern char *realloc (); extern void free (); /* Other miscellaneous functions. */ extern void abort (); extern void exit (); extern char *getenv (); extern void qsort (); #endif /* _STDLIB_H */ bash-1.14.3/lib/posixheaders/stdc.h 664 436 0 3421 5551011212 15215 0ustar chetwheel/* stdc.h -- macros to make source compile on both ANSI C and K&R C compilers. */ /* Copyright (C) 1993 Free Software Foundation, Inc. This file is part of GNU Bash, the Bourne Again SHell. Bash is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 1, or (at your option) any later version. Bash is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details. You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with Bash; see the file COPYING. If not, write to the Free Software Foundation, 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. */ #if !defined (__STDC_H__) #define __STDC_H__ /* Adapted from BSD /usr/include/sys/cdefs.h. */ /* A function can be defined using prototypes and compile on both ANSI C and traditional C compilers with something like this: extern char *func __P((char *, char *, int)); */ #if defined (__STDC__) # if !defined (__P) # define __P(protos) protos # endif # define __STRING(x) #x # if !defined (__GNUC__) # define inline # endif #else /* !__STDC__ */ # if !defined (__P) # define __P(protos) () # endif # define __STRING(x) "x" #if !defined (const) # if defined (__GNUC__) /* gcc with -traditional */ # define const __const # define inline __inline # define signed __signed # define volatile __volatile # else /* !__GNUC__ */ # define const # define inline # define signed # define volatile # endif /* !__GNUC__ */ #endif /* !const */ #endif /* !__STDC__ */ #endif /* !__STDC_H__ */ bash-1.14.3/lib/posixheaders/memalloc.h 664 436 0 3205 5537113626 16071 0ustar chetwheel/* memalloc.h -- consolidate code for including alloca.h or malloc.h and defining alloca. */ /* Copyright (C) 1993 Free Software Foundation, Inc. This file is part of GNU Bash, the Bourne Again SHell. Bash is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option) any later version. Bash is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details. You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with Bash; see the file COPYING. If not, write to the Free Software Foundation, 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. */ #if !defined (__MEMALLOC_H__) # define __MEMALLOC_H__ #if defined (sparc) && defined (sun) && !defined (HAVE_ALLOCA_H) # define HAVE_ALLOCA_H #endif #if defined (__GNUC__) && !defined (HAVE_ALLOCA) # define HAVE_ALLOCA #endif #if defined (HAVE_ALLOCA_H) && !defined (HAVE_ALLOCA) # define HAVE_ALLOCA #endif /* HAVE_ALLOCA_H && !HAVE_ALLOCA */ #if !defined (BUILDING_MAKEFILE) #if defined (__GNUC__) # undef alloca # define alloca __builtin_alloca #else /* !__GNUC__ */ # if defined (HAVE_ALLOCA_H) # if defined (IBMESA) # include # else /* !IBMESA */ # include # endif /* !IBMESA */ # else extern char *alloca (); # endif /* !HAVE_ALLOCA_H */ #endif /* !__GNUC__ */ #endif /* !BUILDING_MAKEFILE */ #endif /* __MEMALLOC_H__ */ bash-1.14.3/lib/posixheaders/filecntl.h 664 436 0 2350 5505132352 16070 0ustar chetwheel/* filecntl.h - Definitions to set file descriptors to close-on-exec. */ /* Copyright (C) 1993 Free Software Foundation, Inc. This file is part of GNU Bash, the Bourne Again SHell. Bash is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option) any later version. Bash is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details. You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with Bash; see the file COPYING. If not, write to the Free Software Foundation, 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. */ #if !defined (_FILECNTL_H_) #define _FILECNTL_H_ #include /* Definitions to set file descriptors to close-on-exec, the Posix way. */ #if !defined (FD_CLOEXEC) #define FD_CLOEXEC 1 #endif #define FD_NCLOEXEC 0 #define SET_CLOSE_ON_EXEC(fd) (fcntl ((fd), F_SETFD, FD_CLOEXEC)) #define SET_OPEN_ON_EXEC(fd) (fcntl ((fd), F_SETFD, FD_NCLOEXEC)) #endif /* ! _FILECNTL_H_ */ bash-1.14.3/lib/readline/ 775 436 0 0 5674130020 13121 5ustar chetwheelbash-1.14.3/lib/readline/doc/ 775 436 0 0 5621711725 13677 5ustar chetwheelbash-1.14.3/lib/readline/doc/Makefile 664 436 0 2356 5621067521 15423 0ustar chetwheel# This makefile for History library documentation is in -*- text -*- mode. # Emacs likes it that way. DOC_SUPPORT = ../../doc-support/ TEXINDEX = $(DOC_SUPPORT)/texindex TEX = tex RLSRC = rlman.texinfo rluser.texinfo rltech.texinfo HISTSRC = hist.texinfo hsuser.texinfo hstech.texinfo DVIOBJ = readline.dvi history.dvi INFOOBJ = readline.info history.info PSOBJ = readline.ps history.ps all: info dvi readline.dvi: $(RLSRC) $(TEX) rlman.texinfo $(TEXINDEX) rlman.?? $(TEX) rlman.texinfo mv rlman.dvi readline.dvi readline.info: $(RLSRC) makeinfo rlman.texinfo history.dvi: ${HISTSRC} $(TEX) hist.texinfo $(TEXINDEX) hist.?? $(TEX) hist.texinfo mv hist.dvi history.dvi history.info: ${HISTSRC} makeinfo hist.texinfo readline.ps: readline.dvi dvips -D 300 -o $@ readline.dvi history.ps: history.dvi dvips -D 300 -o $@ history.dvi info: $(INFOOBJ) dvi: $(DVIOBJ) ps: $(PSOBJ) $(TEXINDEX): (cd $(DOC_SUPPORT); $(MAKE) $(MFLAGS) CFLAGS='$(CFLAGS)' texindex) clean: rm -f *.aux *.cp *.fn *.ky *.log *.pg *.toc *.tp *.vr *.cps *.pgs \ *.fns *.kys *.tps *.vrs *.o core texinfo.tex squeaky-clean: rm -f *.aux *.cp *.fn *.ky *.log *.pg *.toc *.tp *.vr *.cps *.pgs \ *.dvi *.info *.info-* *.fns *.kys *.tps *.vrs *.o core bash-1.14.3/lib/readline/doc/rlman.texinfo 664 436 0 7142 5615073310 16464 0ustar chetwheel\input texinfo @c -*-texinfo-*- @comment %**start of header (This is for running Texinfo on a region.) @setfilename readline.info @settitle GNU Readline Library @comment %**end of header (This is for running Texinfo on a region.) @synindex vr fn @setchapternewpage odd @ignore last change: Thu Jul 21 16:02:40 EDT 1994 @end ignore @set EDITION 2.0 @set VERSION 2.0 @set UPDATED 21 July 1994 @set UPDATE-MONTH July 1994 @ifinfo This document describes the GNU Readline Library, a utility which aids in the consistency of user interface across discrete programs that need to provide a command line interface. Copyright (C) 1988, 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc. Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of this manual provided the copyright notice and this permission notice pare preserved on all copies. @ignore Permission is granted to process this file through TeX and print the results, provided the printed document carries copying permission notice identical to this one except for the removal of this paragraph (this paragraph not being relevant to the printed manual). @end ignore Permission is granted to copy and distribute modified versions of this manual under the conditions for verbatim copying, provided that the entire resulting derived work is distributed under the terms of a permission notice identical to this one. Permission is granted to copy and distribute translations of this manual into another language, under the above conditions for modified versions, except that this permission notice may be stated in a translation approved by the Foundation. @end ifinfo @titlepage @sp 10 @title GNU Readline Library @subtitle Edition @value{EDITION}, for @code{Readline Library} Version @value{VERSION}. @subtitle @value{UPDATE-MONTH} @author Brian Fox, Free Software Foundation @author Chet Ramey, Case Western Reserve University @page This document describes the GNU Readline Library, a utility which aids in the consistency of user interface across discrete programs that need to provide a command line interface. Published by the Free Software Foundation @* 675 Massachusetts Avenue, @* Cambridge, MA 02139 USA Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of this manual provided the copyright notice and this permission notice are preserved on all copies. Permission is granted to copy and distribute modified versions of this manual under the conditions for verbatim copying, provided that the entire resulting derived work is distributed under the terms of a permission notice identical to this one. Permission is granted to copy and distribute translations of this manual into another language, under the above conditions for modified versions, except that this permission notice may be stated in a translation approved by the Foundation. @vskip 0pt plus 1filll Copyright @copyright{} 1989, 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc. @end titlepage @ifinfo @node Top @top GNU Readline Library This document describes the GNU Readline Library, a utility which aids in the consistency of user interface across discrete programs that need to provide a command line interface. @menu * Command Line Editing:: GNU Readline User's Manual. * Programming with GNU Readline:: GNU Readline Programmer's Manual. * Concept Index:: Index of concepts described in this manual. * Function and Variable Index:: Index of externally visible functions and variables. @end menu @end ifinfo @include rluser.texinfo @include rltech.texinfo @node Concept Index @unnumbered Concept Index @printindex cp @node Function and Variable Index @unnumbered Function and Variable Index @printindex fn @contents @bye bash-1.14.3/lib/readline/doc/rltech.texinfo 664 436 0 130625 5621067011 16675 0ustar chetwheel@comment %**start of header (This is for running Texinfo on a region.) @setfilename rltech.info @comment %**end of header (This is for running Texinfo on a region.) @setchapternewpage odd @ifinfo This document describes the GNU Readline Library, a utility for aiding in the consitency of user interface across discrete programs that need to provide a command line interface. Copyright (C) 1988, 1994 Free Software Foundation, Inc. Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of this manual provided the copyright notice and this permission notice pare preserved on all copies. @ignore Permission is granted to process this file through TeX and print the results, provided the printed document carries copying permission notice identical to this one except for the removal of this paragraph (this paragraph not being relevant to the printed manual). @end ignore Permission is granted to copy and distribute modified versions of this manual under the conditions for verbatim copying, provided that the entire resulting derived work is distributed under the terms of a permission notice identical to this one. Permission is granted to copy and distribute translations of this manual into another language, under the above conditions for modified versions, except that this permission notice may be stated in a translation approved by the Foundation. @end ifinfo @node Programming with GNU Readline @chapter Programming with GNU Readline This chapter describes the interface between the GNU Readline Library and other programs. If you are a programmer, and you wish to include the features found in GNU Readline such as completion, line editing, and interactive history manipulation in your own programs, this section is for you. @menu * Basic Behavior:: Using the default behavior of Readline. * Custom Functions:: Adding your own functions to Readline. * Readline Variables:: Variables accessible to custom functions. * Readline Convenience Functions:: Functions which Readline supplies to aid in writing your own * Custom Completers:: Supplanting or supplementing Readline's completion functions. @end menu @node Basic Behavior @section Basic Behavior Many programs provide a command line interface, such as @code{mail}, @code{ftp}, and @code{sh}. For such programs, the default behaviour of Readline is sufficient. This section describes how to use Readline in the simplest way possible, perhaps to replace calls in your code to @code{gets()} or @code{fgets ()}. @findex readline @cindex readline, function The function @code{readline ()} prints a prompt and then reads and returns a single line of text from the user. The line @code{readline} returns is allocated with @code{malloc ()}; you should @code{free ()} the line when you are done with it. The declaration for @code{readline} in ANSI C is @example @code{char *readline (char *@var{prompt});} @end example @noindent So, one might say @example @code{char *line = readline ("Enter a line: ");} @end example @noindent in order to read a line of text from the user. The line returned has the final newline removed, so only the text remains. If @code{readline} encounters an @code{EOF} while reading the line, and the line is empty at that point, then @code{(char *)NULL} is returned. Otherwise, the line is ended just as if a newline had been typed. If you want the user to be able to get at the line later, (with @key{C-p} for example), you must call @code{add_history ()} to save the line away in a @dfn{history} list of such lines. @example @code{add_history (line)}; @end example @noindent For full details on the GNU History Library, see the associated manual. It is preferable to avoid saving empty lines on the history list, since users rarely have a burning need to reuse a blank line. Here is a function which usefully replaces the standard @code{gets ()} library function, and has the advantage of no static buffer to overflow: @example /* A static variable for holding the line. */ static char *line_read = (char *)NULL; /* Read a string, and return a pointer to it. Returns NULL on EOF. */ char * rl_gets () @{ /* If the buffer has already been allocated, return the memory to the free pool. */ if (line_read) @{ free (line_read); line_read = (char *)NULL; @} /* Get a line from the user. */ line_read = readline (""); /* If the line has any text in it, save it on the history. */ if (line_read && *line_read) add_history (line_read); return (line_read); @} @end example This function gives the user the default behaviour of @key{TAB} completion: completion on file names. If you do not want Readline to complete on filenames, you can change the binding of the @key{TAB} key with @code{rl_bind_key ()}. @example @code{int rl_bind_key (int @var{key}, int (*@var{function})());} @end example @code{rl_bind_key ()} takes two arguments: @var{key} is the character that you want to bind, and @var{function} is the address of the function to call when @var{key} is pressed. Binding @key{TAB} to @code{rl_insert ()} makes @key{TAB} insert itself. @code{rl_bind_key ()} returns non-zero if @var{key} is not a valid ASCII character code (between 0 and 255). Thus, to disable the default @key{TAB} behavior, the following suffices: @example @code{rl_bind_key ('\t', rl_insert);} @end example This code should be executed once at the start of your program; you might write a function called @code{initialize_readline ()} which performs this and other desired initializations, such as installing custom completers (@pxref{Custom Completers}). @node Custom Functions @section Custom Functions Readline provides many functions for manipulating the text of the line, but it isn't possible to anticipate the needs of all programs. This section describes the various functions and variables defined within the Readline library which allow a user program to add customized functionality to Readline. @menu * The Function Type:: C declarations to make code readable. * Function Writing:: Variables and calling conventions. @end menu @node The Function Type @subsection The Function Type For readabilty, we declare a new type of object, called @dfn{Function}. A @code{Function} is a C function which returns an @code{int}. The type declaration for @code{Function} is: @noindent @code{typedef int Function ();} The reason for declaring this new type is to make it easier to write code describing pointers to C functions. Let us say we had a variable called @var{func} which was a pointer to a function. Instead of the classic C declaration @code{int (*)()func;} @noindent we may write @code{Function *func;} @noindent Similarly, there are @example typedef void VFunction (); typedef char *CPFunction (); @r{and} typedef char **CPPFunction (); @end example @noindent for functions returning no value, @code{pointer to char}, and @code{pointer to pointer to char}, respectively. @node Function Writing @subsection Writing a New Function In order to write new functions for Readline, you need to know the calling conventions for keyboard-invoked functions, and the names of the variables that describe the current state of the line read so far. The calling sequence for a command @code{foo} looks like @example @code{foo (int count, int key)} @end example @noindent where @var{count} is the numeric argument (or 1 if defaulted) and @var{key} is the key that invoked this function. It is completely up to the function as to what should be done with the numeric argument. Some functions use it as a repeat count, some as a flag, and others to choose alternate behavior (refreshing the current line as opposed to refreshing the screen, for example). Some choose to ignore it. In general, if a function uses the numeric argument as a repeat count, it should be able to do something useful with both negative and positive arguments. At the very least, it should be aware that it can be passed a negative argument. @node Readline Variables @section Readline Variables These variables are available to function writers. @deftypevar {char *} rl_line_buffer This is the line gathered so far. You are welcome to modify the contents of the line, but see @ref{Allowing Undoing}. @end deftypevar @deftypevar int rl_point The offset of the current cursor position in @code{rl_line_buffer} (the @emph{point}). @end deftypevar @deftypevar int rl_end The number of characters present in @code{rl_line_buffer}. When @code{rl_point} is at the end of the line, @code{rl_point} and @code{rl_end} are equal. @end deftypevar @deftypevar int rl_mark The mark (saved position) in the current line. If set, the mark and point define a @emph{region}. @end deftypevar @deftypevar int rl_done Setting this to a non-zero value causes Readline to return the current line immediately. @end deftypevar @deftypevar int rl_pending_input Setting this to a value makes it the next keystroke read. This is a way to stuff a single character into the input stream. @end deftypevar @deftypevar {char *} rl_prompt The prompt Readline uses. This is set from the argument to @code{readline ()}, and should not be assigned to directly. @end deftypevar @deftypevar {char *} rl_terminal_name The terminal type, used for initialization. @end deftypevar @deftypevar {char *} rl_readline_name This variable is set to a unique name by each application using Readline. The value allows conditional parsing of the inputrc file (@pxref{Conditional Init Constructs}). @end deftypevar @deftypevar {FILE *} rl_instream The stdio stream from which Readline reads input. @end deftypevar @deftypevar {FILE *} rl_outstream The stdio stream to which Readline performs output. @end deftypevar @deftypevar {Function *} rl_startup_hook If non-zero, this is the address of a function to call just before @code{readline} prints the first prompt. @end deftypevar @deftypevar {Function *} rl_event_hook If non-zero, this is the address of a function to call periodically when readline is waiting for terminal input. @end deftypevar @node Readline Convenience Functions @section Readline Convenience Functions @menu * Function Naming:: How to give a function you write a name. * Keymaps:: Making keymaps. * Binding Keys:: Changing Keymaps. * Associating Function Names and Bindings:: Translate function names to key sequences. * Allowing Undoing:: How to make your functions undoable. * Redisplay:: Functions to control line display. * Modifying Text:: Functions to modify @code{rl_line_buffer}. * Utility Functions:: Generally useful functions and hooks. @end menu @node Function Naming @subsection Naming a Function The user can dynamically change the bindings of keys while using Readline. This is done by representing the function with a descriptive name. The user is able to type the descriptive name when referring to the function. Thus, in an init file, one might find @example Meta-Rubout: backward-kill-word @end example This binds the keystroke @key{Meta-Rubout} to the function @emph{descriptively} named @code{backward-kill-word}. You, as the programmer, should bind the functions you write to descriptive names as well. Readline provides a function for doing that: @deftypefun int rl_add_defun (char *name, Function *function, int key) Add @var{name} to the list of named functions. Make @var{function} be the function that gets called. If @var{key} is not -1, then bind it to @var{function} using @code{rl_bind_key ()}. @end deftypefun Using this function alone is sufficient for most applications. It is the recommended way to add a few functions to the default functions that Readline has built in. If you need to do something other than adding a function to Readline, you may need to use the underlying functions described below. @node Keymaps @subsection Selecting a Keymap Key bindings take place on a @dfn{keymap}. The keymap is the association between the keys that the user types and the functions that get run. You can make your own keymaps, copy existing keymaps, and tell Readline which keymap to use. @deftypefun Keymap rl_make_bare_keymap () Returns a new, empty keymap. The space for the keymap is allocated with @code{malloc ()}; you should @code{free ()} it when you are done. @end deftypefun @deftypefun Keymap rl_copy_keymap (Keymap map) Return a new keymap which is a copy of @var{map}. @end deftypefun @deftypefun Keymap rl_make_keymap () Return a new keymap with the printing characters bound to rl_insert, the lowercase Meta characters bound to run their equivalents, and the Meta digits bound to produce numeric arguments. @end deftypefun @deftypefun void rl_discard_keymap (Keymap keymap) Free the storage associated with @var{keymap}. @end deftypefun Readline has several internal keymaps. These functions allow you to change which keymap is active. @deftypefun Keymap rl_get_keymap () Returns the currently active keymap. @end deftypefun @deftypefun void rl_set_keymap (Keymap keymap) Makes @var{keymap} the currently active keymap. @end deftypefun @deftypefun Keymap rl_get_keymap_by_name (char *name) Return the keymap matching @var{name}. @var{name} is one which would be supplied in a @code{set keymap} inputrc line (@pxref{Readline Init File}). @end deftypefun @node Binding Keys @subsection Binding Keys You associate keys with functions through the keymap. Readline has several internal keymaps: @code{emacs_standard_keymap}, @code{emacs_meta_keymap}, @code{emacs_ctlx_keymap}, @code{vi_movement_keymap}, and @code{vi_insertion_keymap}. @code{emacs_standard_keymap} is the default, and the examples in this manual assume that. These functions manage key bindings. @deftypefun int rl_bind_key (int key, Function *function) Binds @var{key} to @var{function} in the currently active keymap. Returns non-zero in the case of an invalid @var{key}. @end deftypefun @deftypefun int rl_bind_key_in_map (int key, Function *function, Keymap map) Bind @var{key} to @var{function} in @var{map}. Returns non-zero in the case of an invalid @var{key}. @end deftypefun @deftypefun int rl_unbind_key (int key) Bind @var{key} to the null function in the currently active keymap. Returns non-zero in case of error. @end deftypefun @deftypefun int rl_unbind_key_in_map (int key, Keymap map) Bind @var{key} to the null function in @var{map}. Returns non-zero in case of error. @end deftypefun @deftypefun int rl_generic_bind (int type, char *keyseq, char *data, Keymap map) Bind the key sequence represented by the string @var{keyseq} to the arbitrary pointer @var{data}. @var{type} says what kind of data is pointed to by @var{data}; this can be a function (@code{ISFUNC}), a macro (@code{ISMACR}), or a keymap (@code{ISKMAP}). This makes new keymaps as necessary. The initial keymap in which to do bindings is @var{map}. @end deftypefun @deftypefun int rl_parse_and_bind (char *line) Parse @var{line} as if it had been read from the @code{inputrc} file and perform any key bindings and variable assignments found (@pxref{Readline Init File}). @end deftypefun @deftypefun int rl_read_init_file (char *filename) Read keybindings and variable assignments from @var{filename} (@pxref{Readline Init File}). @end deftypefun @node Associating Function Names and Bindings @subsection Associating Function Names and Bindings These functions allow you to find out what keys invoke named functions and the functions invoked by a particular key sequence. @deftypefun {Function *} rl_named_function (char *name) Return the function with name @var{name}. @end deftypefun @deftypefun {Function *} rl_function_of_keyseq (char *keyseq, Keymap map, int *type) Return the function invoked by @var{keyseq} in keymap @var{map}. If @var{map} is NULL, the current keymap is used. If @var{type} is not NULL, the type of the object is returned in it (one of @code{ISFUNC}, @code{ISKMAP}, or @code{ISMACR}). @end deftypefun @deftypefun {char **} rl_invoking_keyseqs (Function *function) Return an array of strings representing the key sequences used to invoke @var{function} in the current keymap. @end deftypefun @deftypefun {char **} rl_invoking_keyseqs_in_map (Function *function, Keymap map) Return an array of strings representing the key sequences used to invoke @var{function} in the keymap @var{map}. @end deftypefun @deftypefun void rl_function_dumper (int readable) Print the readline function names and the key sequences currently bound to them to @code{rl_outstream}. If @var{readable} is non-zero, the list is formatted in such a way that it can be made part of an @code{inputrc} file and re-read. @end deftypefun @deftypefun void rl_list_funmap_names () Print the names of all bindable Readline functions to @code{rl_outstream}. @end deftypefun @node Allowing Undoing @subsection Allowing Undoing Supporting the undo command is a painless thing, and makes your functions much more useful. It is certainly easy to try something if you know you can undo it. I could use an undo function for the stock market. If your function simply inserts text once, or deletes text once, and uses @code{rl_insert_text ()} or @code{rl_delete_text ()} to do it, then undoing is already done for you automatically. If you do multiple insertions or multiple deletions, or any combination of these operations, you should group them together into one operation. This is done with @code{rl_begin_undo_group ()} and @code{rl_end_undo_group ()}. The types of events that can be undone are: @example enum undo_code @{ UNDO_DELETE, UNDO_INSERT, UNDO_BEGIN, UNDO_END @}; @end example Notice that @code{UNDO_DELETE} means to insert some text, and @code{UNDO_INSERT} means to delete some text. That is, the undo code tells undo what to undo, not how to undo it. @code{UNDO_BEGIN} and @code{UNDO_END} are tags added by @code{rl_begin_undo_group ()} and @code{rl_end_undo_group ()}. @deftypefun int rl_begin_undo_group () Begins saving undo information in a group construct. The undo information usually comes from calls to @code{rl_insert_text ()} and @code{rl_delete_text ()}, but could be the result of calls to @code{rl_add_undo ()}. @end deftypefun @deftypefun int rl_end_undo_group () Closes the current undo group started with @code{rl_begin_undo_group ()}. There should be one call to @code{rl_end_undo_group ()} for each call to @code{rl_begin_undo_group ()}. @end deftypefun @deftypefun void rl_add_undo (enum undo_code what, int start, int end, char *text) Remember how to undo an event (according to @var{what}). The affected text runs from @var{start} to @var{end}, and encompasses @var{text}. @end deftypefun @deftypefun void free_undo_list () Free the existing undo list. @end deftypefun @deftypefun int rl_do_undo () Undo the first thing on the undo list. Returns @code{0} if there was nothing to undo, non-zero if something was undone. @end deftypefun Finally, if you neither insert nor delete text, but directly modify the existing text (e.g., change its case), call @code{rl_modifying ()} once, just before you modify the text. You must supply the indices of the text range that you are going to modify. @deftypefun int rl_modifying (int start, int end) Tell Readline to save the text between @var{start} and @var{end} as a single undo unit. It is assumed that you will subsequently modify that text. @end deftypefun @node Redisplay @subsection Redisplay @deftypefun int rl_redisplay () Change what's displayed on the screen to reflect the current contents of @code{rl_line_buffer}. @end deftypefun @deftypefun int rl_forced_update_display () Force the line to be updated and redisplayed, whether or not Readline thinks the screen display is correct. @end deftypefun @deftypefun int rl_on_new_line () Tell the update routines that we have moved onto a new (empty) line, usually after ouputting a newline. @end deftypefun @deftypefun int rl_reset_line_state () Reset the display state to a clean state and redisplay the current line starting on a new line. @end deftypefun @deftypefun int rl_message (va_alist) The arguments are a string as would be supplied to @code{printf}. The resulting string is displayed in the @dfn{echo area}. The echo area is also used to display numeric arguments and search strings. @end deftypefun @deftypefun int rl_clear_message () Clear the message in the echo area. @end deftypefun @node Modifying Text @subsection Modifying Text @deftypefun int rl_insert_text (char *text) Insert @var{text} into the line at the current cursor position. @end deftypefun @deftypefun int rl_delete_text (int start, int end) Delete the text between @var{start} and @var{end} in the current line. @end deftypefun @deftypefun {char *} rl_copy_text (int start, int end) Return a copy of the text between @var{start} and @var{end} in the current line. @end deftypefun @deftypefun int rl_kill_text (int start, int end) Copy the text between @var{start} and @var{end} in the current line to the kill ring, appending or prepending to the last kill if the last command was a kill command. The text is deleted. If @var{start} is less than @var{end}, the text is appended, otherwise prepended. If the last command was not a kill, a new kill ring slot is used. @end deftypefun @node Utility Functions @subsection Utility Functions @deftypefun int rl_read_key () Return the next character available. This handles input inserted into the input stream via @var{pending input} (@pxref{Readline Variables}) and @code{rl_stuff_char ()}, macros, and characters read from the keyboard. @end deftypefun @deftypefun int rl_stuff_char (int c) Insert @var{c} into the Readline input stream. It will be "read" before Readline attempts to read characters from the terminal with @code{rl_read_key ()}. @end deftypefun @deftypefun int rl_initialize () Initialize or re-initialize Readline's internal state. @end deftypefun @deftypefun int rl_reset_terminal (char *terminal_name) Reinitialize Readline's idea of the terminal settings using @var{terminal_name} as the terminal type (e.g., @code{vt100}). @end deftypefun @deftypefun int alphabetic (int c) Return 1 if @var{c} is an alphabetic character. @end deftypefun @deftypefun int numeric (int c) Return 1 if @var{c} is a numeric character. @end deftypefun @deftypefun int ding () Ring the terminal bell, obeying the setting of @code{bell-style}. @end deftypefun The following are implemented as macros, defined in @code{chartypes.h}. @deftypefun int uppercase_p (int c) Return 1 if @var{c} is an uppercase alphabetic character. @end deftypefun @deftypefun int lowercase_p (int c) Return 1 if @var{c} is a lowercase alphabetic character. @end deftypefun @deftypefun int digit_p (int c) Return 1 if @var{c} is a numeric character. @end deftypefun @deftypefun int to_upper (int c) If @var{c} is a lowercase alphabetic character, return the corresponding uppercase character. @end deftypefun @deftypefun int to_lower (int c) If @var{c} is an uppercase alphabetic character, return the corresponding lowercase character. @end deftypefun @deftypefun int digit_value (int c) If @var{c} is a number, return the value it represents. @end deftypefun @subsection An Example Here is a function which changes lowercase characters to their uppercase equivalents, and uppercase characters to lowercase. If this function was bound to @samp{M-c}, then typing @samp{M-c} would change the case of the character under point. Typing @samp{M-1 0 M-c} would change the case of the following 10 characters, leaving the cursor on the last character changed. @example /* Invert the case of the COUNT following characters. */ int invert_case_line (count, key) int count, key; @{ register int start, end, i; start = rl_point; if (rl_point >= rl_end) return (0); if (count < 0) @{ direction = -1; count = -count; @} else direction = 1; /* Find the end of the range to modify. */ end = start + (count * direction); /* Force it to be within range. */ if (end > rl_end) end = rl_end; else if (end < 0) end = 0; if (start == end) return (0); if (start > end) @{ int temp = start; start = end; end = temp; @} /* Tell readline that we are modifying the line, so it will save the undo information. */ rl_modifying (start, end); for (i = start; i != end; i++) @{ if (uppercase_p (rl_line_buffer[i])) rl_line_buffer[i] = to_lower (rl_line_buffer[i]); else if (lowercase_p (rl_line_buffer[i])) rl_line_buffer[i] = to_upper (rl_line_buffer[i]); @} /* Move point to on top of the last character changed. */ rl_point = (direction == 1) ? end - 1 : start; return (0); @} @end example @node Custom Completers @section Custom Completers Typically, a program that reads commands from the user has a way of disambiguating commands and data. If your program is one of these, then it can provide completion for commands, data, or both. The following sections describe how your program and Readline cooperate to provide this service. @menu * How Completing Works:: The logic used to do completion. * Completion Functions:: Functions provided by Readline. * Completion Variables:: Variables which control completion. * A Short Completion Example:: An example of writing completer subroutines. @end menu @node How Completing Works @subsection How Completing Works In order to complete some text, the full list of possible completions must be available. That is, it is not possible to accurately expand a partial word without knowing all of the possible words which make sense in that context. The Readline library provides the user interface to completion, and two of the most common completion functions: filename and username. For completing other types of text, you must write your own completion function. This section describes exactly what such functions must do, and provides an example. There are three major functions used to perform completion: @enumerate @item The user-interface function @code{rl_complete ()}. This function is called with the same arguments as other Readline functions intended for interactive use: @var{count} and @var{invoking_key}. It isolates the word to be completed and calls @code{completion_matches ()} to generate a list of possible completions. It then either lists the possible completions, inserts the possible completions, or actually performs the completion, depending on which behavior is desired. @item The internal function @code{completion_matches ()} uses your @dfn{generator} function to generate the list of possible matches, and then returns the array of these matches. You should place the address of your generator function in @code{rl_completion_entry_function}. @item The generator function is called repeatedly from @code{completion_matches ()}, returning a string each time. The arguments to the generator function are @var{text} and @var{state}. @var{text} is the partial word to be completed. @var{state} is zero the first time the function is called, allowing the generator to perform any necessary initialization, and a positive non-zero integer for each subsequent call. When the generator function returns @code{(char *)NULL} this signals @code{completion_matches ()} that there are no more possibilities left. Usually the generator function computes the list of possible completions when @var{state} is zero, and returns them one at a time on subsequent calls. Each string the generator function returns as a match must be allocated with @code{malloc()}; Readline frees the strings when it has finished with them. @end enumerate @deftypefun int rl_complete (int ignore, int invoking_key) Complete the word at or before point. You have supplied the function that does the initial simple matching selection algorithm (see @code{completion_matches ()}). The default is to do filename completion. @end deftypefun @deftypevar {Function *} rl_completion_entry_function This is a pointer to the generator function for @code{completion_matches ()}. If the value of @code{rl_completion_entry_function} is @code{(Function *)NULL} then the default filename generator function, @code{filename_entry_function ()}, is used. @end deftypevar @node Completion Functions @subsection Completion Functions Here is the complete list of callable completion functions present in Readline. @deftypefun int rl_complete_internal (int what_to_do) Complete the word at or before point. @var{what_to_do} says what to do with the completion. A value of @samp{?} means list the possible completions. @samp{TAB} means do standard completion. @samp{*} means insert all of the possible completions. @samp{!} means to display all of the possible completions, if there is more than one, as well as performing partial completion. @end deftypefun @deftypefun int rl_complete (int ignore, int invoking_key) Complete the word at or before point. You have supplied the function that does the initial simple matching selection algorithm (see @code{completion_matches ()} and @code{rl_completion_entry_function}). The default is to do filename completion. This calls @code{rl_complete_internal ()} with an argument depending on @var{invoking_key}. @end deftypefun @deftypefun int rl_possible_completions (int count, int invoking_key)) List the possible completions. See description of @code{rl_complete ()}. This calls @code{rl_complete_internal ()} with an argument of @samp{?}. @end deftypefun @deftypefun int rl_insert_completions (int count, int invoking_key)) Insert the list of possible completions into the line, deleting the partially-completed word. See description of @code{rl_complete ()}. This calls @code{rl_complete_internal ()} with an argument of @samp{*}. @end deftypefun @deftypefun {char **} completion_matches (char *text, CPFunction *entry_func) Returns an array of @code{(char *)} which is a list of completions for @var{text}. If there are no completions, returns @code{(char **)NULL}. The first entry in the returned array is the substitution for @var{text}. The remaining entries are the possible completions. The array is terminated with a @code{NULL} pointer. @var{entry_func} is a function of two args, and returns a @code{(char *)}. The first argument is @var{text}. The second is a state argument; it is zero on the first call, and non-zero on subsequent calls. @var{entry_func} returns a @code{NULL} pointer to the caller when there are no more matches. @end deftypefun @deftypefun {char *} filename_completion_function (char *text, int state) A generator function for filename completion in the general case. Note that completion in Bash is a little different because of all the pathnames that must be followed when looking up completions for a command. The Bash source is a useful reference for writing custom completion functions. @end deftypefun @deftypefun {char *} username_completion_function (char *text, int state) A completion generator for usernames. @var{text} contains a partial username preceded by a random character (usually @samp{~}). As with all completion generators, @var{state} is zero on the first call and non-zero for subsequent calls. @end deftypefun @node Completion Variables @subsection Completion Variables @deftypevar {Function *} rl_completion_entry_function A pointer to the generator function for @code{completion_matches ()}. @code{NULL} means to use @code{filename_entry_function ()}, the default filename completer. @end deftypevar @deftypevar {CPPFunction *} rl_attempted_completion_function A pointer to an alternative function to create matches. The function is called with @var{text}, @var{start}, and @var{end}. @var{start} and @var{end} are indices in @code{rl_line_buffer} saying what the boundaries of @var{text} are. If this function exists and returns @code{NULL}, or if this variable is set to @code{NULL}, then @code{rl_complete ()} will call the value of @code{rl_completion_entry_function} to generate matches, otherwise the array of strings returned will be used. @end deftypevar @deftypevar int rl_completion_query_items Up to this many items will be displayed in response to a possible-completions call. After that, we ask the user if she is sure she wants to see them all. The default value is 100. @end deftypevar @deftypevar {char *} rl_basic_word_break_characters The basic list of characters that signal a break between words for the completer routine. The default value of this variable is the characters which break words for completion in Bash, i.e., @code{" \t\n\"\\'`@@$><=;|&@{("}. @end deftypevar @deftypevar {char *} rl_completer_word_break_characters The list of characters that signal a break between words for @code{rl_complete_internal ()}. The default list is the value of @code{rl_basic_word_break_characters}. @end deftypevar @deftypevar {char *} rl_completer_quote_characters List of characters which can be used to quote a substring of the line. Completion occurs on the entire substring, and within the substring @code{rl_completer_word_break_characters} are treated as any other character, unless they also appear within this list. @end deftypevar @deftypevar {char *} rl_special_prefixes The list of characters that are word break characters, but should be left in @var{text} when it is passed to the completion function. Programs can use this to help determine what kind of completing to do. For instance, Bash sets this variable to "$@@" so that it can complete shell variables and hostnames. @end deftypevar @deftypevar int rl_ignore_completion_duplicates If non-zero, then disallow duplicates in the matches. Default is 1. @end deftypevar @deftypevar int rl_filename_completion_desired Non-zero means that the results of the matches are to be treated as filenames. This is @emph{always} zero on entry, and can only be changed within a completion entry generator function. If it is set to a non-zero value, directory names have a slash appended and Readline attempts to quote completed filenames if they contain any embedded word break characters. @end deftypevar @deftypevar int rl_filename_quoting_desired Non-zero means that the results of the matches are to be quoted using double quotes (or an application-specific quoting mechanism) if the completed filename contains any characters in @code{rl_completer_word_break_chars}. This is @emph{always} non-zero on entry, and can only be changed within a completion entry generator function. @end deftypevar @deftypevar {Function *} rl_ignore_some_completions_function This function, if defined, is called by the completer when real filename completion is done, after all the matching names have been generated. It is passed a @code{NULL} terminated array of matches. The first element (@code{matches[0]}) is the maximal substring common to all matches. This function can re-arrange the list of matches as required, but each element deleted from the array must be freed. @end deftypevar @deftypevar {Function *} rl_directory_completion_hook This function, if defined, is allowed to modify the directory portion of filenames Readline completes. It is called with the address of a string (the current directory name) as an argument. It could be used to expand symbolic links or shell variables in pathnames. @end deftypevar @node A Short Completion Example @subsection A Short Completion Example Here is a small application demonstrating the use of the GNU Readline library. It is called @code{fileman}, and the source code resides in @file{examples/fileman.c}. This sample application provides completion of command names, line editing features, and access to the history list. @page @smallexample /* fileman.c -- A tiny application which demonstrates how to use the GNU Readline library. This application interactively allows users to manipulate files and their modes. */ #include #include #include #include #include #include #include extern char *getwd (); extern char *xmalloc (); /* The names of functions that actually do the manipulation. */ int com_list (), com_view (), com_rename (), com_stat (), com_pwd (); int com_delete (), com_help (), com_cd (), com_quit (); /* A structure which contains information on the commands this program can understand. */ typedef struct @{ char *name; /* User printable name of the function. */ Function *func; /* Function to call to do the job. */ char *doc; /* Documentation for this function. */ @} COMMAND; COMMAND commands[] = @{ @{ "cd", com_cd, "Change to directory DIR" @}, @{ "delete", com_delete, "Delete FILE" @}, @{ "help", com_help, "Display this text" @}, @{ "?", com_help, "Synonym for `help'" @}, @{ "list", com_list, "List files in DIR" @}, @{ "ls", com_list, "Synonym for `list'" @}, @{ "pwd", com_pwd, "Print the current working directory" @}, @{ "quit", com_quit, "Quit using Fileman" @}, @{ "rename", com_rename, "Rename FILE to NEWNAME" @}, @{ "stat", com_stat, "Print out statistics on FILE" @}, @{ "view", com_view, "View the contents of FILE" @}, @{ (char *)NULL, (Function *)NULL, (char *)NULL @} @}; /* Forward declarations. */ char *stripwhite (); COMMAND *find_command (); /* The name of this program, as taken from argv[0]. */ char *progname; /* When non-zero, this global means the user is done using this program. */ int done; char * dupstr (s) int s; @{ char *r; r = xmalloc (strlen (s) + 1); strcpy (r, s); return (r); @} main (argc, argv) int argc; char **argv; @{ char *line, *s; progname = argv[0]; initialize_readline (); /* Bind our completer. */ /* Loop reading and executing lines until the user quits. */ for ( ; done == 0; ) @{ line = readline ("FileMan: "); if (!line) break; /* Remove leading and trailing whitespace from the line. Then, if there is anything left, add it to the history list and execute it. */ s = stripwhite (line); if (*s) @{ add_history (s); execute_line (s); @} free (line); @} exit (0); @} /* Execute a command line. */ int execute_line (line) char *line; @{ register int i; COMMAND *command; char *word; /* Isolate the command word. */ i = 0; while (line[i] && whitespace (line[i])) i++; word = line + i; while (line[i] && !whitespace (line[i])) i++; if (line[i]) line[i++] = '\0'; command = find_command (word); if (!command) @{ fprintf (stderr, "%s: No such command for FileMan.\n", word); return (-1); @} /* Get argument to command, if any. */ while (whitespace (line[i])) i++; word = line + i; /* Call the function. */ return ((*(command->func)) (word)); @} /* Look up NAME as the name of a command, and return a pointer to that command. Return a NULL pointer if NAME isn't a command name. */ COMMAND * find_command (name) char *name; @{ register int i; for (i = 0; commands[i].name; i++) if (strcmp (name, commands[i].name) == 0) return (&commands[i]); return ((COMMAND *)NULL); @} /* Strip whitespace from the start and end of STRING. Return a pointer into STRING. */ char * stripwhite (string) char *string; @{ register char *s, *t; for (s = string; whitespace (*s); s++) ; if (*s == 0) return (s); t = s + strlen (s) - 1; while (t > s && whitespace (*t)) t--; *++t = '\0'; return s; @} /* **************************************************************** */ /* */ /* Interface to Readline Completion */ /* */ /* **************************************************************** */ char *command_generator (); char **fileman_completion (); /* Tell the GNU Readline library how to complete. We want to try to complete on command names if this is the first word in the line, or on filenames if not. */ initialize_readline () @{ /* Allow conditional parsing of the ~/.inputrc file. */ rl_readline_name = "FileMan"; /* Tell the completer that we want a crack first. */ rl_attempted_completion_function = (CPPFunction *)fileman_completion; @} /* Attempt to complete on the contents of TEXT. START and END show the region of TEXT that contains the word to complete. We can use the entire line in case we want to do some simple parsing. Return the array of matches, or NULL if there aren't any. */ char ** fileman_completion (text, start, end) char *text; int start, end; @{ char **matches; matches = (char **)NULL; /* If this word is at the start of the line, then it is a command to complete. Otherwise it is the name of a file in the current directory. */ if (start == 0) matches = completion_matches (text, command_generator); return (matches); @} /* Generator function for command completion. STATE lets us know whether to start from scratch; without any state (i.e. STATE == 0), then we start at the top of the list. */ char * command_generator (text, state) char *text; int state; @{ static int list_index, len; char *name; /* If this is a new word to complete, initialize now. This includes saving the length of TEXT for efficiency, and initializing the index variable to 0. */ if (!state) @{ list_index = 0; len = strlen (text); @} /* Return the next name which partially matches from the command list. */ while (name = commands[list_index].name) @{ list_index++; if (strncmp (name, text, len) == 0) return (dupstr(name)); @} /* If no names matched, then return NULL. */ return ((char *)NULL); @} /* **************************************************************** */ /* */ /* FileMan Commands */ /* */ /* **************************************************************** */ /* String to pass to system (). This is for the LIST, VIEW and RENAME commands. */ static char syscom[1024]; /* List the file(s) named in arg. */ com_list (arg) char *arg; @{ if (!arg) arg = ""; sprintf (syscom, "ls -FClg %s", arg); return (system (syscom)); @} com_view (arg) char *arg; @{ if (!valid_argument ("view", arg)) return 1; sprintf (syscom, "more %s", arg); return (system (syscom)); @} com_rename (arg) char *arg; @{ too_dangerous ("rename"); return (1); @} com_stat (arg) char *arg; @{ struct stat finfo; if (!valid_argument ("stat", arg)) return (1); if (stat (arg, &finfo) == -1) @{ perror (arg); return (1); @} printf ("Statistics for `%s':\n", arg); printf ("%s has %d link%s, and is %d byte%s in length.\n", arg, finfo.st_nlink, (finfo.st_nlink == 1) ? "" : "s", finfo.st_size, (finfo.st_size == 1) ? "" : "s"); printf ("Inode Last Change at: %s", ctime (&finfo.st_ctime)); printf (" Last access at: %s", ctime (&finfo.st_atime)); printf (" Last modified at: %s", ctime (&finfo.st_mtime)); return (0); @} com_delete (arg) char *arg; @{ too_dangerous ("delete"); return (1); @} /* Print out help for ARG, or for all of the commands if ARG is not present. */ com_help (arg) char *arg; @{ register int i; int printed = 0; for (i = 0; commands[i].name; i++) @{ if (!*arg || (strcmp (arg, commands[i].name) == 0)) @{ printf ("%s\t\t%s.\n", commands[i].name, commands[i].doc); printed++; @} @} if (!printed) @{ printf ("No commands match `%s'. Possibilties are:\n", arg); for (i = 0; commands[i].name; i++) @{ /* Print in six columns. */ if (printed == 6) @{ printed = 0; printf ("\n"); @} printf ("%s\t", commands[i].name); printed++; @} if (printed) printf ("\n"); @} return (0); @} /* Change to the directory ARG. */ com_cd (arg) char *arg; @{ if (chdir (arg) == -1) @{ perror (arg); return 1; @} com_pwd (""); return (0); @} /* Print out the current working directory. */ com_pwd (ignore) char *ignore; @{ char dir[1024], *s; s = getwd (dir); if (s == 0) @{ printf ("Error getting pwd: %s\n", dir); return 1; @} printf ("Current directory is %s\n", dir); return 0; @} /* The user wishes to quit using this program. Just set DONE non-zero. */ com_quit (arg) char *arg; @{ done = 1; return (0); @} /* Function which tells you that you can't do this. */ too_dangerous (caller) char *caller; @{ fprintf (stderr, "%s: Too dangerous for me to distribute. Write it yourself.\n", caller); @} /* Return non-zero if ARG is a valid argument for CALLER, else print an error message and return zero. */ int valid_argument (caller, arg) char *caller, *arg; @{ if (!arg || !*arg) @{ fprintf (stderr, "%s: Argument required.\n", caller); return (0); @} return (1); @} @end smallexample bash-1.14.3/lib/readline/doc/rluser.texinfo 644 436 0 73647 5617023343 16725 0ustar chetwheel@comment %**start of header (This is for running Texinfo on a region.) @setfilename rluser.info @comment %**end of header (This is for running Texinfo on a region.) @setchapternewpage odd @ignore This file documents the end user interface to the GNU command line editing features. It is to be an appendix to manuals for programs which use these features. There is a document entitled "readline.texinfo" which contains both end-user and programmer documentation for the GNU Readline Library. Copyright (C) 1988 Free Software Foundation, Inc. Authored by Brian Fox and Chet Ramey. Permission is granted to process this file through Tex and print the results, provided the printed document carries copying permission notice identical to this one except for the removal of this paragraph (this paragraph not being relevant to the printed manual). Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of this manual provided the copyright notice and this permission notice are preserved on all copies. Permission is granted to copy and distribute modified versions of this manual under the conditions for verbatim copying, provided also that the GNU Copyright statement is available to the distributee, and provided that the entire resulting derived work is distributed under the terms of a permission notice identical to this one. Permission is granted to copy and distribute translations of this manual into another language, under the above conditions for modified versions. @end ignore @comment If you are including this manual as an appendix, then set the @comment variable readline-appendix. @node Command Line Editing @chapter Command Line Editing This chapter describes the basic features of the GNU command line editing interface. @menu * Introduction and Notation:: Notation used in this text. * Readline Interaction:: The minimum set of commands for editing a line. * Readline Init File:: Customizing Readline from a user's view. * Bindable Readline Commands:: A description of most of the Readline commands available for binding * Readline vi Mode:: A short description of how to make Readline behave like the vi editor. @end menu @node Introduction and Notation @section Introduction to Line Editing The following paragraphs describe the notation used to represent keystrokes. The text @key{C-k} is read as `Control-K' and describes the character produced when the Control key is depressed and the @key{k} key is struck. The text @key{M-k} is read as `Meta-K' and describes the character produced when the meta key (if you have one) is depressed, and the @key{k} key is struck. If you do not have a meta key, the identical keystroke can be generated by typing @key{ESC} @i{first}, and then typing @key{k}. Either process is known as @dfn{metafying} the @key{k} key. The text @key{M-C-k} is read as `Meta-Control-k' and describes the character produced by @dfn{metafying} @key{C-k}. In addition, several keys have their own names. Specifically, @key{DEL}, @key{ESC}, @key{LFD}, @key{SPC}, @key{RET}, and @key{TAB} all stand for themselves when seen in this text, or in an init file (@pxref{Readline Init File}, for more info). @node Readline Interaction @section Readline Interaction @cindex interaction, readline Often during an interactive session you type in a long line of text, only to notice that the first word on the line is misspelled. The Readline library gives you a set of commands for manipulating the text as you type it in, allowing you to just fix your typo, and not forcing you to retype the majority of the line. Using these editing commands, you move the cursor to the place that needs correction, and delete or insert the text of the corrections. Then, when you are satisfied with the line, you simply press @key{RETURN}. You do not have to be at the end of the line to press @key{RETURN}; the entire line is accepted regardless of the location of the cursor within the line. @menu * Readline Bare Essentials:: The least you need to know about Readline. * Readline Movement Commands:: Moving about the input line. * Readline Killing Commands:: How to delete text, and how to get it back! * Readline Arguments:: Giving numeric arguments to commands. @end menu @node Readline Bare Essentials @subsection Readline Bare Essentials In order to enter characters into the line, simply type them. The typed character appears where the cursor was, and then the cursor moves one space to the right. If you mistype a character, you can use your erase character to back up and delete the mistyped character. Sometimes you may miss typing a character that you wanted to type, and not notice your error until you have typed several other characters. In that case, you can type @key{C-b} to move the cursor to the left, and then correct your mistake. Afterwards, you can move the cursor to the right with @key{C-f}. When you add text in the middle of a line, you will notice that characters to the right of the cursor are `pushed over' to make room for the text that you have inserted. Likewise, when you delete text behind the cursor, characters to the right of the cursor are `pulled back' to fill in the blank space created by the removal of the text. A list of the basic bare essentials for editing the text of an input line follows. @table @asis @item @key{C-b} Move back one character. @item @key{C-f} Move forward one character. @item @key{DEL} Delete the character to the left of the cursor. @item @key{C-d} Delete the character underneath the cursor. @item @w{Printing characters} Insert the character into the line at the cursor. @item @key{C-_} Undo the last thing that you did. You can undo all the way back to an empty line. @end table @node Readline Movement Commands @subsection Readline Movement Commands The above table describes the most basic possible keystrokes that you need in order to do editing of the input line. For your convenience, many other commands have been added in addition to @key{C-b}, @key{C-f}, @key{C-d}, and @key{DEL}. Here are some commands for moving more rapidly about the line. @table @key @item C-a Move to the start of the line. @item C-e Move to the end of the line. @item M-f Move forward a word. @item M-b Move backward a word. @item C-l Clear the screen, reprinting the current line at the top. @end table Notice how @key{C-f} moves forward a character, while @key{M-f} moves forward a word. It is a loose convention that control keystrokes operate on characters while meta keystrokes operate on words. @node Readline Killing Commands @subsection Readline Killing Commands @cindex Killing text @cindex Yanking text @dfn{Killing} text means to delete the text from the line, but to save it away for later use, usually by @dfn{yanking} (re-inserting) it back into the line. If the description for a command says that it `kills' text, then you can be sure that you can get the text back in a different (or the same) place later. When you use a kill command, the text is saved in a @dfn{kill-ring}. Any number of consecutive kills save all of the killed text together, so that when you yank it back, you get it all. The kill ring is not line specific; the text that you killed on a previously typed line is available to be yanked back later, when you are typing another line. @cindex Kill ring Here is the list of commands for killing text. @table @key @item C-k Kill the text from the current cursor position to the end of the line. @item M-d Kill from the cursor to the end of the current word, or if between words, to the end of the next word. @item M-DEL Kill from the cursor the start of the previous word, or if between words, to the start of the previous word. @item C-w Kill from the cursor to the previous whitespace. This is different than @key{M-DEL} because the word boundaries differ. @end table And, here is how to @dfn{yank} the text back into the line. Yanking means to copy the most-recently-killed text from the kill buffer. @table @key @item C-y Yank the most recently killed text back into the buffer at the cursor. @item M-y Rotate the kill-ring, and yank the new top. You can only do this if the prior command is @key{C-y} or @key{M-y}. @end table @node Readline Arguments @subsection Readline Arguments You can pass numeric arguments to Readline commands. Sometimes the argument acts as a repeat count, other times it is the @i{sign} of the argument that is significant. If you pass a negative argument to a command which normally acts in a forward direction, that command will act in a backward direction. For example, to kill text back to the start of the line, you might type @key{M--} @key{C-k}. The general way to pass numeric arguments to a command is to type meta digits before the command. If the first `digit' you type is a minus sign (@key{-}), then the sign of the argument will be negative. Once you have typed one meta digit to get the argument started, you can type the remainder of the digits, and then the command. For example, to give the @key{C-d} command an argument of 10, you could type @key{M-1 0 C-d}. @node Readline Init File @section Readline Init File Although the Readline library comes with a set of Emacs-like keybindings installed by default, it is possible that you would like to use a different set of keybindings. You can customize programs that use Readline by putting commands in an @dfn{init} file in your home directory. The name of this @ifset BashFeatures file is taken from the value of the shell variable @code{INPUTRC}. If @end ifset @ifclear BashFeatures file is taken from the value of the environment variable @code{INPUTRC}. If @end ifclear that variable is unset, the default is @file{~/.inputrc}. When a program which uses the Readline library starts up, the init file is read, and the key bindings are set. In addition, the @code{C-x C-r} command re-reads this init file, thus incorporating any changes that you might have made to it. @menu * Readline Init Syntax:: Syntax for the commands in the inputrc file. * Conditional Init Constructs:: Conditional key bindings in the inputrc file. @end menu @node Readline Init Syntax @subsection Readline Init Syntax There are only a few basic constructs allowed in the Readline init file. Blank lines are ignored. Lines beginning with a @key{#} are comments. Lines beginning with a @key{$} indicate conditional constructs (@pxref{Conditional Init Constructs}). Other lines denote variable settings and key bindings. @table @asis @item Variable Settings You can change the state of a few variables in Readline by using the @code{set} command within the init file. Here is how you would specify that you wish to use @code{vi} line editing commands: @example set editing-mode vi @end example Right now, there are only a few variables which can be set; so few, in fact, that we just list them here: @table @code @item editing-mode @vindex editing-mode The @code{editing-mode} variable controls which editing mode you are using. By default, Readline starts up in Emacs editing mode, where the keystrokes are most similar to Emacs. This variable can be set to either @code{emacs} or @code{vi}. @item horizontal-scroll-mode @vindex horizontal-scroll-mode This variable can be set to either @code{On} or @code{Off}. Setting it to @code{On} means that the text of the lines that you edit will scroll horizontally on a single screen line when they are longer than the width of the screen, instead of wrapping onto a new screen line. By default, this variable is set to @code{Off}. @item mark-modified-lines @vindex mark-modified-lines This variable, when set to @code{On}, says to display an asterisk (@samp{*}) at the start of history lines which have been modified. This variable is @code{off} by default. @item bell-style @vindex bell-style Controls what happens when Readline wants to ring the terminal bell. If set to @code{none}, Readline never rings the bell. If set to @code{visible}, Readline uses a visible bell if one is available. If set to @code{audible} (the default), Readline attempts to ring the terminal's bell. @item comment-begin @vindex comment-begin The string to insert at the beginning of the line when the @code{vi-comment} command is executed. The default value is @code{"#"}. @item meta-flag @vindex meta-flag If set to @code{on}, Readline will enable eight-bit input (it will not strip the eighth bit from the characters it reads), regardless of what the terminal claims it can support. The default value is @code{off}. @item convert-meta @vindex convert-meta If set to @code{on}, Readline will convert characters with the eigth bit set to an ASCII key sequence by stripping the eigth bit and prepending an @key{ESC} character, converting them to a meta-prefixed key sequence. The default value is @code{on}. @item output-meta @vindex output-meta If set to @code{on}, Readline will display characters with the eighth bit set directly rather than as a meta-prefixed escape sequence. The default is @code{off}. @item completion-query-items @vindex completion-query-items The number of possible completions that determines when the user is asked whether he wants to see the list of possibilities. If the number of possible completions is greater than this value, Readline will ask the user whether or not he wishes to view them; otherwise, they are simply listed. The default limit is @code{100}. @item keymap @vindex keymap Sets Readline's idea of the current keymap for key binding commands. Acceptable @code{keymap} names are @code{emacs}, @code{emacs-standard}, @code{emacs-meta}, @code{emacs-ctlx}, @code{vi}, @code{vi-move}, @code{vi-command}, and @code{vi-insert}. @code{vi} is equivalent to @code{vi-command}; @code{emacs} is equivalent to @code{emacs-standard}. The default value is @code{emacs}. The value of the @code{editing-mode} variable also affects the default keymap. @item show-all-if-ambiguous @vindex show-all-if-ambiguous This alters the default behavior of the completion functions. If set to @code{on}, words which have more than one possible completion cause the matches to be listed immediately instead of ringing the bell. The default value is @code{off}. @item expand-tilde @vindex expand-tilde If set to @code{on}, tilde expansion is performed when Readline attempts word completion. The default is @code{off}. @end table @item Key Bindings The syntax for controlling key bindings in the init file is simple. First you have to know the name of the command that you want to change. The following pages contain tables of the command name, the default keybinding, and a short description of what the command does. Once you know the name of the command, simply place the name of the key you wish to bind the command to, a colon, and then the name of the command on a line in the init file. The name of the key can be expressed in different ways, depending on which is most comfortable for you. @table @asis @item @w{@var{keyname}: @var{function-name} or @var{macro}} @var{keyname} is the name of a key spelled out in English. For example: @example Control-u: universal-argument Meta-Rubout: backward-kill-word Control-o: ">&output" @end example In the above example, @samp{C-u} is bound to the function @code{universal-argument}, and @samp{C-o} is bound to run the macro expressed on the right hand side (that is, to insert the text @samp{>&output} into the line). @item @w{"@var{keyseq}": @var{function-name} or @var{macro}} @var{keyseq} differs from @var{keyname} above in that strings denoting an entire key sequence can be specified, by placing the key sequence in double quotes. Some GNU Emacs style key escapes can be used, as in the following example, but the special character names are not recognized. @example "\C-u": universal-argument "\C-x\C-r": re-read-init-file "\e[11~": "Function Key 1" @end example In the above example, @samp{C-u} is bound to the function @code{universal-argument} (just as it was in the first example), @samp{C-x C-r} is bound to the function @code{re-read-init-file}, and @samp{ESC [ 1 1 ~} is bound to insert the text @samp{Function Key 1}. The following escape sequences are available when specifying key sequences: @table @code @item @kbd{\C-} control prefix @item @kbd{\M-} meta prefix @item @kbd{\e} an escape character @item @kbd{\\} backslash @item @kbd{\"} @key{"} @item @kbd{\'} @key{'} @end table When entering the text of a macro, single or double quotes should be used to indicate a macro definition. Unquoted text is assumed to be a function name. Backslash will quote any character in the macro text, including @key{"} and @key{'}. For example, the following binding will make @kbd{C-x \} insert a single @key{\} into the line: @example "\C-x\\": "\\" @end example @end table @end table @node Conditional Init Constructs @subsection Conditional Init Constructs Readline implements a facility similar in spirit to the conditional compilation features of the C preprocessor which allows key bindings and variable settings to be performed as the result of tests. There are three parser directives used. @ftable @code @item $if The @code{$if} construct allows bindings to be made based on the editing mode, the terminal being used, or the application using Readline. The text of the test extends to the end of the line; no characters are required to isolate it. @table @code @item mode The @code{mode=} form of the @code{$if} directive is used to test whether Readline is in @code{emacs} or @code{vi} mode. This may be used in conjunction with the @samp{set keymap} command, for instance, to set bindings in the @code{emacs-standard} and @code{emacs-ctlx} keymaps only if Readline is starting out in @code{emacs} mode. @item term The @code{term=} form may be used to include terminal-specific key bindings, perhaps to bind the key sequences output by the terminal's function keys. The word on the right side of the @samp{=} is tested against the full name of the terminal and the portion of the terminal name before the first @samp{-}. This allows @var{sun} to match both @var{sun} and @var{sun-cmd}, for instance. @item application The @var{application} construct is used to include application-specific settings. Each program using the Readline library sets the @var{application name}, and you can test for it. This could be used to bind key sequences to functions useful for a specific program. For instance, the following command adds a key sequence that quotes the current or previous word in Bash: @example $if bash # Quote the current or previous word "\C-xq": "\eb\"\ef\"" $endif @end example @end table @item $endif This command, as you saw in the previous example, terminates an @code{$if} command. @item $else Commands in this branch of the @code{$if} directive are executed if the test fails. @end ftable @node Bindable Readline Commands @section Bindable Readline Commands @menu * Commands For Moving:: Moving about the line. * Commands For History:: Getting at previous lines. * Commands For Text:: Commands for changing text. * Commands For Killing:: Commands for killing and yanking. * Numeric Arguments:: Specifying numeric arguments, repeat counts. * Commands For Completion:: Getting Readline to do the typing for you. * Keyboard Macros:: Saving and re-executing typed characters * Miscellaneous Commands:: Other miscellaneous commands. @end menu @node Commands For Moving @subsection Commands For Moving @ftable @code @item beginning-of-line (C-a) Move to the start of the current line. @item end-of-line (C-e) Move to the end of the line. @item forward-char (C-f) Move forward a character. @item backward-char (C-b) Move back a character. @item forward-word (M-f) Move forward to the end of the next word. Words are composed of letters and digits. @item backward-word (M-b) Move back to the start of this, or the previous, word. Words are composed of letters and digits. @item clear-screen (C-l) Clear the screen and redraw the current line, leaving the current line at the top of the screen. @item redraw-current-line () Refresh the current line. By default, this is unbound. @end ftable @node Commands For History @subsection Commands For Manipulating The History @ftable @code @item accept-line (Newline, Return) @ifset BashFeatures Accept the line regardless of where the cursor is. If this line is non-empty, add it to the history list according to the setting of the @code{HISTCONTROL} variable. If this line was a history line, then restore the history line to its original state. @end ifset @ifclear BashFeatures Accept the line regardless of where the cursor is. If this line is non-empty, add it to the history list. If this line was a history line, then restore the history line to its original state. @end ifclear @item previous-history (C-p) Move `up' through the history list. @item next-history (C-n) Move `down' through the history list. @item beginning-of-history (M-<) Move to the first line in the history. @item end-of-history (M->) Move to the end of the input history, i.e., the line you are entering. @item reverse-search-history (C-r) Search backward starting at the current line and moving `up' through the history as necessary. This is an incremental search. @item forward-search-history (C-s) Search forward starting at the current line and moving `down' through the the history as necessary. This is an incremental search. @item non-incremental-reverse-search-history (M-p) Search backward starting at the current line and moving `up' through the history as necessary using a non-incremental search for a string supplied by the user. @item non-incremental-forward-search-history (M-n) Search forward starting at the current line and moving `down' through the the history as necessary using a non-incremental search for a string supplied by the user. @item history-search-forward () Search forward through the history for the string of characters between the start of the current line and the current point. This is a non-incremental search. By default, this command is unbound. @item history-search-backward () Search backward through the history for the string of characters between the start of the current line and the current point. This is a non-incremental search. By default, this command is unbound. @item yank-nth-arg (M-C-y) Insert the first argument to the previous command (usually the second word on the previous line). With an argument @var{n}, insert the @var{n}th word from the previous command (the words in the previous command begin with word 0). A negative argument inserts the @var{n}th word from the end of the previous command. @item yank-last-arg (M-., M-_) Insert last argument to the previous command (the last word on the previous line). With an argument, behave exactly like @code{yank-nth-arg}. @end ftable @node Commands For Text @subsection Commands For Changing Text @ftable @code @item delete-char (C-d) Delete the character under the cursor. If the cursor is at the beginning of the line, there are no characters in the line, and the last character typed was not C-d, then return EOF. @item backward-delete-char (Rubout) Delete the character behind the cursor. A numeric arg says to kill the characters instead of deleting them. @item quoted-insert (C-q, C-v) Add the next character that you type to the line verbatim. This is how to insert key sequences like @key{C-q}, for example. @item tab-insert (M-TAB) Insert a tab character. @item self-insert (a, b, A, 1, !, ...) Insert yourself. @item transpose-chars (C-t) Drag the character before the cursor forward over the character at the cursor, moving the cursor forward as well. If the insertion point is at the end of the line, then this transposes the last two characters of the line. Negative argumentss don't work. @item transpose-words (M-t) Drag the word behind the cursor past the word in front of the cursor moving the cursor over that word as well. @item upcase-word (M-u) Uppercase the current (or following) word. With a negative argument, do the previous word, but do not move the cursor. @item downcase-word (M-l) Lowercase the current (or following) word. With a negative argument, do the previous word, but do not move the cursor. @item capitalize-word (M-c) Capitalize the current (or following) word. With a negative argument, do the previous word, but do not move the cursor. @end ftable @node Commands For Killing @subsection Killing And Yanking @ftable @code @item kill-line (C-k) Kill the text from the current cursor position to the end of the line. @item backward-kill-line (C-x Rubout) Kill backward to the beginning of the line. @item unix-line-discard (C-u) Kill backward from the cursor to the beginning of the current line. Save the killed text on the kill-ring. @item kill-whole-line () Kill all characters on the current line, no matter where the cursor is. By default, this is unbound. @item kill-word (M-d) Kill from the cursor to the end of the current word, or if between words, to the end of the next word. Word boundaries are the same as @code{forward-word}. @item backward-kill-word (M-DEL) Kill the word behind the cursor. Word boundaries are the same as @code{backward-word}. @item unix-word-rubout (C-w) Kill the word behind the cursor, using white space as a word boundary. The killed text is saved on the kill-ring. @item delete-horizontal-space () Delete all spaces and tabs around point. By default, this is unbound. @item yank (C-y) Yank the top of the kill ring into the buffer at the current cursor position. @item yank-pop (M-y) Rotate the kill-ring, and yank the new top. You can only do this if the prior command is yank or yank-pop. @end ftable @node Numeric Arguments @subsection Specifying Numeric Arguments @ftable @code @item digit-argument (M-0, M-1, ... M--) Add this digit to the argument already accumulating, or start a new argument. M-- starts a negative argument. @item universal-argument () Each time this is executed, the argument count is multiplied by four. The argument count is initially one, so executing this function the first time makes the argument count four. By default, this is not bound to a key. @end ftable @node Commands For Completion @subsection Letting Readline Type For You @ftable @code @item complete (TAB) Attempt to do completion on the text before the cursor. This is application-specific. Generally, if you are typing a filename argument, you can do filename completion; if you are typing a command, you can do command completion, if you are typing in a symbol to GDB, you can do symbol name completion, if you are typing in a variable to Bash, you can do variable name completion, and so on. @ifset BashFeatures See the Bash manual page for a complete list of available completion functions. @end ifset @item possible-completions (M-?) List the possible completions of the text before the cursor. @item insert-completions () Insert all completions of the text before point that would have been generated by @code{possible-completions}. By default, this is not bound to a key. @end ftable @node Keyboard Macros @subsection Keyboard Macros @ftable @code @item start-kbd-macro (C-x () Begin saving the characters typed into the current keyboard macro. @item end-kbd-macro (C-x )) Stop saving the characters typed into the current keyboard macro and save the definition. @item call-last-kbd-macro (C-x e) Re-execute the last keyboard macro defined, by making the characters in the macro appear as if typed at the keyboard. @end ftable @node Miscellaneous Commands @subsection Some Miscellaneous Commands @ftable @code @item re-read-init-file (C-x C-r) Read in the contents of your init file, and incorporate any bindings or variable assignments found there. @item abort (C-g) Abort the current editing command and ring the terminal's bell (subject to the setting of @code{bell-style}). @item do-uppercase-version (M-a, M-b, ...) Run the command that is bound to the corresoponding uppercase character. @item prefix-meta (ESC) Make the next character that you type be metafied. This is for people without a meta key. Typing @samp{ESC f} is equivalent to typing @samp{M-f}. @item undo (C-_, C-x C-u) Incremental undo, separately remembered for each line. @item revert-line (M-r) Undo all changes made to this line. This is like typing the @code{undo} command enough times to get back to the beginning. @item tilde-expand (M-~) Perform tilde expansion on the current word. @item dump-functions () Print all of the functions and their key bindings to the readline output stream. If a numeric argument is supplied, the output is formatted in such a way that it can be made part of an @var{inputrc} file. @ifset BashFeatures @item display-shell-version (C-x C-v) Display version information about the current instance of Bash. @item shell-expand-line (M-C-e) Expand the line the way the shell does when it reads it. This performs alias and history expansion as well as all of the shell word expansions. @item history-expand-line (M-^) Perform history expansion on the current line. @item insert-last-argument (M-., M-_) A synonym for @code{yank-last-arg}. @item operate-and-get-next (C-o) Accept the current line for execution and fetch the next line relative to the current line from the history for editing. Any argument is ignored. @item emacs-editing-mode (C-e) When in @code{vi} editing mode, this causes a switch back to emacs editing mode, as if the command @code{set -o emacs} had been executed. @end ifset @end ftable @node Readline vi Mode @section Readline vi Mode While the Readline library does not have a full set of @code{vi} editing functions, it does contain enough to allow simple editing of the line. The Readline @code{vi} mode behaves as specified in the Posix 1003.2 standard. @ifset BashFeatures In order to switch interactively between @code{Emacs} and @code{Vi} editing modes, use the @code{set -o emacs} and @code{set -o vi} commands (@pxref{The Set Builtin}). @end ifset @ifclear BashFeatures In order to switch interactively between @code{Emacs} and @code{Vi} editing modes, use the command M-C-j (toggle-editing-mode). @end ifclear The Readline default is @code{emacs} mode. When you enter a line in @code{vi} mode, you are already placed in `insertion' mode, as if you had typed an @samp{i}. Pressing @key{ESC} switches you into `command' mode, where you can edit the text of the line with the standard @code{vi} movement keys, move to previous history lines with @samp{k}, and following lines with @samp{j}, and so forth. bash-1.14.3/lib/readline/doc/hist.texinfo 664 436 0 7014 5613275021 16321 0ustar chetwheel\input texinfo @c -*-texinfo-*- @c %**start of header (This is for running Texinfo on a region.) @setfilename history.info @settitle GNU History Library @c %**end of header (This is for running Texinfo on a region.) @setchapternewpage odd @ignore last change: Wed Jul 20 09:57:17 EDT 1994 @end ignore @set EDITION 2.0 @set VERSION 2.0 @set UPDATED 20 July 1994 @set UPDATE-MONTH July 1994 @ifinfo This document describes the GNU History library, a programming tool that provides a consistent user interface for recalling lines of previously typed input. Copyright (C) 1988, 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc. Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of this manual provided the copyright notice and this permission notice pare preserved on all copies. @ignore Permission is granted to process this file through TeX and print the results, provided the printed document carries copying permission notice identical to this one except for the removal of this paragraph (this paragraph not being relevant to the printed manual). @end ignore Permission is granted to copy and distribute modified versions of this manual under the conditions for verbatim copying, provided that the entire resulting derived work is distributed under the terms of a permission notice identical to this one. Permission is granted to copy and distribute translations of this manual into another language, under the above conditions for modified versions, except that this permission notice may be stated in a translation approved by the Foundation. @end ifinfo @titlepage @sp 10 @title GNU History Library @subtitle Edition @value{EDITION}, for @code{History Library} Version @value{VERSION}. @subtitle @value{UPDATE-MONTH} @author Brian Fox, Free Software Foundation @author Chet Ramey, Case Western Reserve University @page This document describes the GNU History library, a programming tool that provides a consistent user interface for recalling lines of previously typed input. Published by the Free Software Foundation @* 675 Massachusetts Avenue, @* Cambridge, MA 02139 USA Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of this manual provided the copyright notice and this permission notice are preserved on all copies. Permission is granted to copy and distribute modified versions of this manual under the conditions for verbatim copying, provided that the entire resulting derived work is distributed under the terms of a permission notice identical to this one. Permission is granted to copy and distribute translations of this manual into another language, under the above conditions for modified versions, except that this permission notice may be stated in a translation approved by the Foundation. @vskip 0pt plus 1filll Copyright @copyright{} 1989, 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc. @end titlepage @ifinfo @node Top @top GNU History Library This document describes the GNU History library, a programming tool that provides a consistent user interface for recalling lines of previously typed input. @menu * Using History Interactively:: GNU History User's Manual. * Programming with GNU History:: GNU History Programmer's Manual. * Concept Index:: Index of concepts described in this manual. * Function and Variable Index:: Index of externally visible functions and variables. @end menu @end ifinfo @syncodeindex fn vr @include hsuser.texinfo @include hstech.texinfo @node Concept Index @appendix Concept Index @printindex cp @node Function and Variable Index @appendix Function and Variable Index @printindex vr @contents @bye bash-1.14.3/lib/readline/doc/hstech.texinfo 664 436 0 41615 5617724453 16671 0ustar chetwheel@ignore This file documents the user interface to the GNU History library. Copyright (C) 1988, 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc. Authored by Brian Fox and Chet Ramey. Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of this manual provided the copyright notice and this permission notice are preserved on all copies. Permission is granted to process this file through Tex and print the results, provided the printed document carries copying permission notice identical to this one except for the removal of this paragraph (this paragraph not being relevant to the printed manual). Permission is granted to copy and distribute modified versions of this manual under the conditions for verbatim copying, provided also that the GNU Copyright statement is available to the distributee, and provided that the entire resulting derived work is distributed under the terms of a permission notice identical to this one. Permission is granted to copy and distribute translations of this manual into another language, under the above conditions for modified versions. @end ignore @node Programming with GNU History @chapter Programming with GNU History This chapter describes how to interface programs that you write with the GNU History Library. It should be considered a technical guide. For information on the interactive use of GNU History, @pxref{Using History Interactively}. @menu * Introduction to History:: What is the GNU History library for? * History Storage:: How information is stored. * History Functions:: Functions that you can use. * History Variables:: Variables that control behaviour. * History Programming Example:: Example of using the GNU History Library. @end menu @node Introduction to History @section Introduction to History Many programs read input from the user a line at a time. The GNU History library is able to keep track of those lines, associate arbitrary data with each line, and utilize information from previous lines in composing new ones. The programmer using the History library has available functions for remembering lines on a history list, associating arbitrary data with a line, removing lines from the list, searching through the list for a line containing an arbitrary text string, and referencing any line in the list directly. In addition, a history @dfn{expansion} function is available which provides for a consistent user interface across different programs. The user using programs written with the History library has the benefit of a consistent user interface with a set of well-known commands for manipulating the text of previous lines and using that text in new commands. The basic history manipulation commands are similar to the history substitution provided by @code{csh}. If the programmer desires, he can use the Readline library, which includes some history manipulation by default, and has the added advantage of command line editing. @node History Storage @section History Storage The history list is an array of history entries. A history entry is declared as follows: @example typedef struct _hist_entry @{ char *line; char *data; @} HIST_ENTRY; @end example The history list itself might therefore be declared as @example HIST_ENTRY **the_history_list; @end example The state of the History library is encapsulated into a single structure: @example /* A structure used to pass the current state of the history stuff around. */ typedef struct _hist_state @{ HIST_ENTRY **entries; /* Pointer to the entries themselves. */ int offset; /* The location pointer within this array. */ int length; /* Number of elements within this array. */ int size; /* Number of slots allocated to this array. */ int flags; @} HISTORY_STATE; @end example If the flags member includes @code{HS_STIFLED}, the history has been stifled. @node History Functions @section History Functions This section describes the calling sequence for the various functions present in GNU History. @menu * Initializing History and State Management:: Functions to call when you want to use history in a program. * History List Management:: Functions used to manage the list of history entries. * Information About the History List:: Functions returning information about the history list. * Moving Around the History List:: Functions used to change the position in the history list. * Searching the History List:: Functions to search the history list for entries containing a string. * Managing the History File:: Functions that read and write a file containing the history list. * History Expansion:: Functions to perform csh-like history expansion. @end menu @node Initializing History and State Management @subsection Initializing History and State Management This section describes functions used to initialize and manage the state of the History library when you want to use the history functions in your program. @deftypefun void using_history () Begin a session in which the history functions might be used. This initializes the interactive variables. @end deftypefun @deftypefun {HISTORY_STATE *} history_get_history_state () Return a structure describing the current state of the input history. @end deftypefun @deftypefun void history_set_history_state (HISTORY_STATE *state) Set the state of the history list according to @var{state}. @end deftypefun @node History List Management @subsection History List Management These functions manage individual entries on the history list, or set parameters managing the list itself. @deftypefun void add_history (char *string) Place @var{string} at the end of the history list. The associated data field (if any) is set to @code{NULL}. @end deftypefun @deftypefun {HIST_ENTRY *} remove_history (int which) Remove history entry at offset @var{which} from the history. The removed element is returned so you can free the line, data, and containing structure. @end deftypefun @deftypefun {HIST_ENTRY *} replace_history_entry (int which, char *line, char *data) Make the history entry at offset @var{which} have @var{line} and @var{data}. This returns the old entry so you can dispose of the data. In the case of an invalid @var{which}, a @code{NULL} pointer is returned. @end deftypefun @deftypefun void stifle_history (int max) Stifle the history list, remembering only the last @var{max} entries. @end deftypefun @deftypefun int unstifle_history () Stop stifling the history. This returns the previous amount the history was stifled. The value is positive if the history was stifled, negative if it wasn't. @end deftypefun @deftypefun int history_is_stifled () Returns non-zero if the history is stifled, zero if it is not. @end deftypefun @node Information About the History List @subsection Information About the History List These functions return information about the entire history list or individual list entries. @deftypefun {HIST_ENTRY **} history_list () Return a @code{NULL} terminated array of @code{HIST_ENTRY} which is the current input history. Element 0 of this list is the beginning of time. If there is no history, return @code{NULL}. @end deftypefun @deftypefun int where_history () Returns the offset of the current history element. @end deftypefun @deftypefun {HIST_ENTRY *} current_history () Return the history entry at the current position, as determined by @code{where_history ()}. If there is no entry there, return a @code{NULL} pointer. @end deftypefun @deftypefun {HIST_ENTRY *} history_get (int offset) Return the history entry at position @var{offset}, starting from @code{history_base}. If there is no entry there, or if @var{offset} is greater than the history length, return a @code{NULL} pointer. @end deftypefun @deftypefun int history_total_bytes () Return the number of bytes that the primary history entries are using. This function returns the sum of the lengths of all the lines in the history. @end deftypefun @node Moving Around the History List @subsection Moving Around the History List These functions allow the current index into the history list to be set or changed. @deftypefun int history_set_pos (int pos) Set the position in the history list to @var{pos}, an absolute index into the list. @end deftypefun @deftypefun {HIST_ENTRY *} previous_history () Back up the current history offset to the previous history entry, and return a pointer to that entry. If there is no previous entry, return a @code{NULL} pointer. @end deftypefun @deftypefun {HIST_ENTRY *} next_history () Move the current history offset forward to the next history entry, and return the a pointer to that entry. If there is no next entry, return a @code{NULL} pointer. @end deftypefun @node Searching the History List @subsection Searching the History List @cindex History Searching These functions allow searching of the history list for entries containing a specific string. Searching may be performed both forward and backward from the current history position. The search may be @dfn{anchored}, meaning that the string must match at the beginning of the history entry. @cindex anchored search @deftypefun int history_search (char *string, int direction) Search the history for @var{string}, starting at the current history offset. If @var{direction} < 0, then the search is through previous entries, else through subsequent. If @var{string} is found, then the current history index is set to that history entry, and the value returned is the offset in the line of the entry where @var{string} was found. Otherwise, nothing is changed, and a -1 is returned. @end deftypefun @deftypefun int history_search_prefix (char *string, int direction) Search the history for @var{string}, starting at the current history offset. The search is anchored: matching lines must begin with @var{string}. If @var{direction} < 0, then the search is through previous entries, else through subsequent. If @var{string} is found, then the current history index is set to that entry, and the return value is 0. Otherwise, nothing is changed, and a -1 is returned. @end deftypefun @deftypefun int history_search_pos (char *string, int direction, int pos) Search for @var{string} in the history list, starting at @var{pos}, an absolute index into the list. If @var{direction} is negative, the search proceeds backward from @var{pos}, otherwise forward. Returns the absolute index of the history element where @var{string} was found, or -1 otherwise. @end deftypefun @node Managing the History File @subsection Managing the History File The History library can read the history from and write it to a file. This section documents the functions for managing a history file. @deftypefun int read_history (char *filename) Add the contents of @var{filename} to the history list, a line at a time. If @var{filename} is @code{NULL}, then read from @file{~/.history}. Returns 0 if successful, or errno if not. @end deftypefun @deftypefun int read_history_range (char *filename, int from, int to) Read a range of lines from @var{filename}, adding them to the history list. Start reading at line @var{from} and end at @var{to}. If @var{from} is zero, start at the beginning. If @var{to} is less than @var{from}, then read until the end of the file. If @var{filename} is @code{NULL}, then read from @file{~/.history}. Returns 0 if successful, or @code{errno} if not. @end deftypefun @deftypefun int write_history (char *filename) Write the current history to @var{filename}, overwriting @var{filename} if necessary. If @var{filename} is @code{NULL}, then write the history list to @file{~/.history}. Values returned are as in @code{read_history ()}. @end deftypefun @deftypefun int append_history (int nelements, char *filename) Append the last @var{nelements} of the history list to @var{filename}. @end deftypefun @deftypefun int history_truncate_file (char *filename, int nlines) Truncate the history file @var{filename}, leaving only the last @var{nlines} lines. @end deftypefun @node History Expansion @subsection History Expansion These functions implement @code{csh}-like history expansion. @deftypefun int history_expand (char *string, char **output) Expand @var{string}, placing the result into @var{output}, a pointer to a string (@pxref{History Interaction}). Returns: @table @code @item 0 If no expansions took place (or, if the only change in the text was the de-slashifying of the history expansion character); @item 1 if expansions did take place; @item -1 if there was an error in expansion; @item 2 if the returned line should only be displayed, but not executed, as with the @code{:p} modifier (@pxref{Modifiers}). @end table If an error ocurred in expansion, then @var{output} contains a descriptive error message. @end deftypefun @deftypefun {char *} history_arg_extract (int first, int last, char *string) Extract a string segment consisting of the @var{first} through @var{last} arguments present in @var{string}. Arguments are broken up as in Bash. @end deftypefun @deftypefun {char *} get_history_event (char *string, int *cindex, int qchar) Returns the text of the history event beginning at @var{string} + @var{*cindex}. @var{*cindex} is modified to point to after the event specifier. At function entry, @var{cindex} points to the index into @var{string} where the history event specification begins. @var{qchar} is a character that is allowed to end the event specification in addition to the ``normal'' terminating characters. @end deftypefun @deftypefun {char **} history_tokenize (char *string) Return an array of tokens parsed out of @var{string}, much as the shell might. The tokens are split on white space and on the characters @code{()<>;&|$}, and shell quoting conventions are obeyed. @end deftypefun @node History Variables @section History Variables This section describes the externally visible variables exported by the GNU History Library. @deftypevar int history_base The logical offset of the first entry in the history list. @end deftypevar @deftypevar int history_length The number of entries currently stored in the history list. @end deftypevar @deftypevar int max_input_history The maximum number of history entries. This must be changed using @code{stifle_history ()}. @end deftypevar @deftypevar char history_expansion_char The character that starts a history event. The default is @samp{!}. @end deftypevar @deftypevar char history_subst_char The character that invokes word substitution if found at the start of a line. The default is @samp{^}. @end deftypevar @deftypevar char history_comment_char During tokenization, if this character is seen as the first character of a word, then it and all subsequent characters up to a newline are ignored, suppressing history expansion for the remainder of the line. This is disabled by default. @end deftypevar @deftypevar {char *} history_no_expand_chars The list of characters which inhibit history expansion if found immediately following @var{history_expansion_char}. The default is whitespace and @samp{=}. @end deftypevar @node History Programming Example @section History Programming Example The following program demonstrates simple use of the GNU History Library. @smallexample main () @{ char line[1024], *t; int len, done = 0; line[0] = 0; using_history (); while (!done) @{ printf ("history$ "); fflush (stdout); t = fgets (line, sizeof (line) - 1, stdin); if (t && *t) @{ len = strlen (t); if (t[len - 1] == '\n') t[len - 1] = '\0'; @} if (!t) strcpy (line, "quit"); if (line[0]) @{ char *expansion; int result; result = history_expand (line, &expansion); if (result) fprintf (stderr, "%s\n", expansion); if (result < 0 || result == 2) @{ free (expansion); continue; @} add_history (expansion); strncpy (line, expansion, sizeof (line) - 1); free (expansion); @} if (strcmp (line, "quit") == 0) done = 1; else if (strcmp (line, "save") == 0) write_history ("history_file"); else if (strcmp (line, "read") == 0) read_history ("history_file"); else if (strcmp (line, "list") == 0) @{ register HIST_ENTRY **the_list; register int i; the_list = history_list (); if (the_list) for (i = 0; the_list[i]; i++) printf ("%d: %s\n", i + history_base, the_list[i]->line); @} else if (strncmp (line, "delete", 6) == 0) @{ int which; if ((sscanf (line + 6, "%d", &which)) == 1) @{ HIST_ENTRY *entry = remove_history (which); if (!entry) fprintf (stderr, "No such entry %d\n", which); else @{ free (entry->line); free (entry); @} @} else @{ fprintf (stderr, "non-numeric arg given to `delete'\n"); @} @} @} @} @end smallexample bash-1.14.3/lib/readline/doc/hsuser.texinfo 644 436 0 13666 5613550307 16716 0ustar chetwheel@ignore This file documents the user interface to the GNU History library. Copyright (C) 1988, 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc. Authored by Brian Fox and Chet Ramey. Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of this manual provided the copyright notice and this permission notice are preserved on all copies. Permission is granted to process this file through Tex and print the results, provided the printed document carries copying permission notice identical to this one except for the removal of this paragraph (this paragraph not being relevant to the printed manual). Permission is granted to copy and distribute modified versions of this manual under the conditions for verbatim copying, provided also that the GNU Copyright statement is available to the distributee, and provided that the entire resulting derived work is distributed under the terms of a permission notice identical to this one. Permission is granted to copy and distribute translations of this manual into another language, under the above conditions for modified versions. @end ignore @node Using History Interactively @chapter Using History Interactively @ifset BashFeatures This chapter describes how to use the GNU History Library interactively, from a user's standpoint. It should be considered a user's guide. For information on using the GNU History Library in your own programs, see the GNU Readline Library Manual. @end ifset @ifclear BashFeatures This chapter describes how to use the GNU History Library interactively, from a user's standpoint. It should be considered a user's guide. For information on using the GNU History Library in your own programs, @pxref{Programming with GNU History}. @end ifclear @menu * History Interaction:: What it feels like using History as a user. @end menu @node History Interaction @section History Interaction @cindex expansion The History library provides a history expansion feature that is similar to the history expansion provided by @code{csh}. The following text describes the syntax used to manipulate the history information. History expansion takes place in two parts. The first is to determine which line from the previous history should be used during substitution. The second is to select portions of that line for inclusion into the current one. The line selected from the previous history is called the @dfn{event}, and the portions of that line that are acted upon are called @dfn{words}. The line is broken into words in the same fashion that Bash does, so that several English (or Unix) words surrounded by quotes are considered as one word. @menu * Event Designators:: How to specify which history line to use. * Word Designators:: Specifying which words are of interest. * Modifiers:: Modifying the results of substitution. @end menu @node Event Designators @subsection Event Designators @cindex event designators An event designator is a reference to a command line entry in the history list. @cindex history events @table @asis @item @code{!} Start a history substitution, except when followed by a space, tab, the end of the line, @key{=} or @key{(}. @item @code{!!} Refer to the previous command. This is a synonym for @code{!-1}. @item @code{!n} Refer to command line @var{n}. @item @code{!-n} Refer to the command @var{n} lines back. @item @code{!string} Refer to the most recent command starting with @var{string}. @item @code{!?string}[@code{?}] Refer to the most recent command containing @var{string}. @item @code{!#} The entire command line typed so far. @item @code{^string1^string2^} Quick Substitution. Repeat the last command, replacing @var{string1} with @var{string2}. Equivalent to @code{!!:s/string1/string2/}. @end table @node Word Designators @subsection Word Designators A @key{:} separates the event specification from the word designator. It can be omitted if the word designator begins with a @key{^}, @key{$}, @key{*} or @key{%}. Words are numbered from the beginning of the line, with the first word being denoted by a 0 (zero). @table @code @item 0 (zero) The @code{0}th word. For many applications, this is the command word. @item n The @var{n}th word. @item ^ The first argument; that is, word 1. @item $ The last argument. @item % The word matched by the most recent @code{?string?} search. @item x-y A range of words; @code{-@var{y}} abbreviates @code{0-@var{y}}. @item * All of the words, except the @code{0}th. This is a synonym for @code{1-$}. It is not an error to use @key{*} if there is just one word in the event; the empty string is returned in that case. @item x* Abbreviates @code{x-$} @item x- Abbreviates @code{x-$} like @code{x*}, but omits the last word. @end table @node Modifiers @subsection Modifiers After the optional word designator, you can add a sequence of one or more of the following modifiers, each preceded by a @key{:}. @table @code @item h Remove a trailing pathname component, leaving only the head. @item r Remove a trailing suffix of the form @samp{.}@var{suffix}, leaving the basename. @item e Remove all but the trailing suffix. @item t Remove all leading pathname components, leaving the tail. @item p Print the new command but do not execute it. @ifset BashFeatures @item q Quote the substituted words, escaping further substitutions. @item x Quote the substituted words as with @code{q}, but break into words at spaces, tabs, and newlines. @end ifset @item s/old/new/ Substitute @var{new} for the first occurrence of @var{old} in the event line. Any delimiter may be used in place of @key{/}. The delimiter may be quoted in @var{old} and @var{new} with a single backslash. If @key{&} appears in @var{new}, it is replaced by @var{old}. A single backslash will quote the @key{&}. The final delimiter is optional if it is the last character on the input line. @item & Repeat the previous substitution. @item g Cause changes to be applied over the entire event line. Used in conjunction with @code{s}, as in @code{gs/old/new/}, or with @code{&}. @end table bash-1.14.3/lib/readline/doc/texindex.c 664 436 0 113427 5553255231 16022 0ustar chetwheel/* Prepare TeX index dribble output into an actual index. Version 1.45 Copyright (C) 1987, 1991, 1992 Free Software Foundation, Inc. This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option) any later version. This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details. You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. */ #include #include #include #include "getopt.h" #include "bashansi.h" #if !defined (errno) extern int errno; #endif #if defined (HAVE_UNISTD_H) # include #else /* !HAVE_UNISTD_H */ extern long lseek (); #endif /* !HAVE_UNISTD_H */ extern char *mktemp (); #if !defined (HAVE_STRERROR) extern int sys_nerr; extern char *sys_errlist[]; #endif #include #if defined (_AIX) || !defined (_POSIX_VERSION) # include #endif #include #define TI_NO_ERROR 0 #define TI_FATAL_ERROR 1 #if !defined (SEEK_SET) # define SEEK_SET 0 # define SEEK_CUR 1 # define SEEK_END 2 #endif /* !SEEK_SET */ /* When sorting in core, this structure describes one line and the position and length of its first keyfield. */ struct lineinfo { char *text; /* The actual text of the line. */ union { char *text; /* The start of the key (for textual comparison). */ long number; /* The numeric value (for numeric comparison). */ } key; long keylen; /* Length of KEY field. */ }; /* This structure describes a field to use as a sort key. */ struct keyfield { int startwords; /* Number of words to skip. */ int startchars; /* Number of additional chars to skip. */ int endwords; /* Number of words to ignore at end. */ int endchars; /* Ditto for characters of last word. */ char ignore_blanks; /* Non-zero means ignore spaces and tabs. */ char fold_case; /* Non-zero means case doesn't matter. */ char reverse; /* Non-zero means compare in reverse order. */ char numeric; /* Non-zeros means field is ASCII numeric. */ char positional; /* Sort according to file position. */ char braced; /* Count balanced-braced groupings as fields. */ }; /* Vector of keyfields to use. */ struct keyfield keyfields[3]; /* Number of keyfields stored in that vector. */ int num_keyfields = 3; /* Vector of input file names, terminated with a null pointer. */ char **infiles; /* Vector of corresponding output file names, or NULL, meaning default it (add an `s' to the end). */ char **outfiles; /* Length of `infiles'. */ int num_infiles; /* Pointer to the array of pointers to lines being sorted. */ char **linearray; /* The allocated length of `linearray'. */ long nlines; /* Directory to use for temporary files. On Unix, it ends with a slash. */ char *tempdir; /* Start of filename to use for temporary files. */ char *tempbase; /* Number of last temporary file. */ int tempcount; /* Number of last temporary file already deleted. Temporary files are deleted by `flush_tempfiles' in order of creation. */ int last_deleted_tempcount; /* During in-core sort, this points to the base of the data block which contains all the lines of data. */ char *text_base; /* Additional command switches .*/ /* Nonzero means do not delete tempfiles -- for debugging. */ int keep_tempfiles; /* The name this program was run with. */ char *program_name; /* Forward declarations of functions in this file. */ void decode_command (); void sort_in_core (); void sort_offline (); char **parsefile (); char *find_field (); char *find_pos (); long find_value (); char *find_braced_pos (); char *find_braced_end (); void writelines (); int compare_field (); int compare_full (); long readline (); int merge_files (); int merge_direct (); void pfatal_with_name (); void fatal (); void error (); void *xmalloc (), *xrealloc (); char *concat (); char *maketempname (); void flush_tempfiles (); char *tempcopy (); #define MAX_IN_CORE_SORT 500000 void main (argc, argv) int argc; char **argv; { int i; tempcount = 0; last_deleted_tempcount = 0; program_name = argv[0]; /* Describe the kind of sorting to do. */ /* The first keyfield uses the first braced field and folds case. */ keyfields[0].braced = 1; keyfields[0].fold_case = 1; keyfields[0].endwords = -1; keyfields[0].endchars = -1; /* The second keyfield uses the second braced field, numerically. */ keyfields[1].braced = 1; keyfields[1].numeric = 1; keyfields[1].startwords = 1; keyfields[1].endwords = -1; keyfields[1].endchars = -1; /* The third keyfield (which is ignored while discarding duplicates) compares the whole line. */ keyfields[2].endwords = -1; keyfields[2].endchars = -1; decode_command (argc, argv); tempbase = mktemp (concat ("txiXXXXXX", "", "")); /* Process input files completely, one by one. */ for (i = 0; i < num_infiles; i++) { int desc; long ptr; char *outfile; desc = open (infiles[i], O_RDONLY, 0); if (desc < 0) pfatal_with_name (infiles[i]); lseek (desc, 0L, SEEK_END); ptr = lseek (desc, 0L, SEEK_CUR); close (desc); outfile = outfiles[i]; if (!outfile) { outfile = concat (infiles[i], "s", ""); } if (ptr < MAX_IN_CORE_SORT) /* Sort a small amount of data. */ sort_in_core (infiles[i], ptr, outfile); else sort_offline (infiles[i], ptr, outfile); } flush_tempfiles (tempcount); exit (TI_NO_ERROR); } void usage () { fprintf (stderr, "\ Usage: %s [-k] infile [-o outfile] ...\n", program_name); exit (1); } /* Decode the command line arguments to set the parameter variables and set up the vector of keyfields and the vector of input files. */ void decode_command (argc, argv) int argc; char **argv; { int optc; char **ip; char **op; /* Store default values into parameter variables. */ tempdir = getenv ("TMPDIR"); if (tempdir == NULL) tempdir = "/tmp/"; else tempdir = concat (tempdir, "/", ""); keep_tempfiles = 0; /* Allocate ARGC input files, which must be enough. */ infiles = (char **) xmalloc (argc * sizeof (char *)); outfiles = (char **) xmalloc (argc * sizeof (char *)); ip = infiles; op = outfiles; while ((optc = getopt (argc, argv, "-ko:")) != EOF) { switch (optc) { case 1: /* Non-option filename. */ *ip++ = optarg; *op++ = NULL; break; case 'k': keep_tempfiles = 1; break; case 'o': if (op > outfiles) *(op - 1) = optarg; break; default: usage (); } } /* Record number of keyfields and terminate list of filenames. */ num_infiles = ip - infiles; *ip = 0; if (num_infiles == 0) usage (); } /* Return a name for a temporary file. */ char * maketempname (count) int count; { char tempsuffix[10]; sprintf (tempsuffix, "%d", count); return concat (tempdir, tempbase, tempsuffix); } /* Delete all temporary files up to TO_COUNT. */ void flush_tempfiles (to_count) int to_count; { if (keep_tempfiles) return; while (last_deleted_tempcount < to_count) unlink (maketempname (++last_deleted_tempcount)); } /* Copy the input file open on IDESC into a temporary file and return the temporary file name. */ #define BUFSIZE 1024 char * tempcopy (idesc) int idesc; { char *outfile = maketempname (++tempcount); int odesc; char buffer[BUFSIZE]; odesc = open (outfile, O_WRONLY | O_CREAT, 0666); if (odesc < 0) pfatal_with_name (outfile); while (1) { int nread = read (idesc, buffer, BUFSIZE); write (odesc, buffer, nread); if (!nread) break; } close (odesc); return outfile; } /* Compare LINE1 and LINE2 according to the specified set of keyfields. */ int compare_full (line1, line2) char **line1, **line2; { int i; /* Compare using the first keyfield; if that does not distinguish the lines, try the second keyfield; and so on. */ for (i = 0; i < num_keyfields; i++) { long length1, length2; char *start1 = find_field (&keyfields[i], *line1, &length1); char *start2 = find_field (&keyfields[i], *line2, &length2); int tem = compare_field (&keyfields[i], start1, length1, *line1 - text_base, start2, length2, *line2 - text_base); if (tem) { if (keyfields[i].reverse) return -tem; return tem; } } return 0; /* Lines match exactly. */ } /* Compare LINE1 and LINE2, described by structures in which the first keyfield is identified in advance. For positional sorting, assumes that the order of the lines in core reflects their nominal order. */ int compare_prepared (line1, line2) struct lineinfo *line1, *line2; { int i; int tem; char *text1, *text2; /* Compare using the first keyfield, which has been found for us already. */ if (keyfields->positional) { if (line1->text - text_base > line2->text - text_base) tem = 1; else tem = -1; } else if (keyfields->numeric) tem = line1->key.number - line2->key.number; else tem = compare_field (keyfields, line1->key.text, line1->keylen, 0, line2->key.text, line2->keylen, 0); if (tem) { if (keyfields->reverse) return -tem; return tem; } text1 = line1->text; text2 = line2->text; /* Compare using the second keyfield; if that does not distinguish the lines, try the third keyfield; and so on. */ for (i = 1; i < num_keyfields; i++) { long length1, length2; char *start1 = find_field (&keyfields[i], text1, &length1); char *start2 = find_field (&keyfields[i], text2, &length2); int tem = compare_field (&keyfields[i], start1, length1, text1 - text_base, start2, length2, text2 - text_base); if (tem) { if (keyfields[i].reverse) return -tem; return tem; } } return 0; /* Lines match exactly. */ } /* Like compare_full but more general. You can pass any strings, and you can say how many keyfields to use. POS1 and POS2 should indicate the nominal positional ordering of the two lines in the input. */ int compare_general (str1, str2, pos1, pos2, use_keyfields) char *str1, *str2; long pos1, pos2; int use_keyfields; { int i; /* Compare using the first keyfield; if that does not distinguish the lines, try the second keyfield; and so on. */ for (i = 0; i < use_keyfields; i++) { long length1, length2; char *start1 = find_field (&keyfields[i], str1, &length1); char *start2 = find_field (&keyfields[i], str2, &length2); int tem = compare_field (&keyfields[i], start1, length1, pos1, start2, length2, pos2); if (tem) { if (keyfields[i].reverse) return -tem; return tem; } } return 0; /* Lines match exactly. */ } /* Find the start and length of a field in STR according to KEYFIELD. A pointer to the starting character is returned, and the length is stored into the int that LENGTHPTR points to. */ char * find_field (keyfield, str, lengthptr) struct keyfield *keyfield; char *str; long *lengthptr; { char *start; char *end; char *(*fun) (); if (keyfield->braced) fun = find_braced_pos; else fun = find_pos; start = (*fun) (str, keyfield->startwords, keyfield->startchars, keyfield->ignore_blanks); if (keyfield->endwords < 0) { if (keyfield->braced) end = find_braced_end (start); else { end = start; while (*end && *end != '\n') end++; } } else { end = (*fun) (str, keyfield->endwords, keyfield->endchars, 0); if (end - str < start - str) end = start; } *lengthptr = end - start; return start; } /* Return a pointer to a specified place within STR, skipping (from the beginning) WORDS words and then CHARS chars. If IGNORE_BLANKS is nonzero, we skip all blanks after finding the specified word. */ char * find_pos (str, words, chars, ignore_blanks) char *str; int words, chars; int ignore_blanks; { int i; char *p = str; for (i = 0; i < words; i++) { char c; /* Find next bunch of nonblanks and skip them. */ while ((c = *p) == ' ' || c == '\t') p++; while ((c = *p) && c != '\n' && !(c == ' ' || c == '\t')) p++; if (!*p || *p == '\n') return p; } while (*p == ' ' || *p == '\t') p++; for (i = 0; i < chars; i++) { if (!*p || *p == '\n') break; p++; } return p; } /* Like find_pos but assumes that each field is surrounded by braces and that braces within fields are balanced. */ char * find_braced_pos (str, words, chars, ignore_blanks) char *str; int words, chars; int ignore_blanks; { int i; int bracelevel; char *p = str; char c; for (i = 0; i < words; i++) { bracelevel = 1; while ((c = *p++) != '{' && c != '\n' && c) /* Do nothing. */ ; if (c != '{') return p - 1; while (bracelevel) { c = *p++; if (c == '{') bracelevel++; if (c == '}') bracelevel--; if (c == 0 || c == '\n') return p - 1; } } while ((c = *p++) != '{' && c != '\n' && c) /* Do nothing. */ ; if (c != '{') return p - 1; if (ignore_blanks) while ((c = *p) == ' ' || c == '\t') p++; for (i = 0; i < chars; i++) { if (!*p || *p == '\n') break; p++; } return p; } /* Find the end of the balanced-brace field which starts at STR. The position returned is just before the closing brace. */ char * find_braced_end (str) char *str; { int bracelevel; char *p = str; char c; bracelevel = 1; while (bracelevel) { c = *p++; if (c == '{') bracelevel++; if (c == '}') bracelevel--; if (c == 0 || c == '\n') return p - 1; } return p - 1; } long find_value (start, length) char *start; long length; { while (length != 0L) { if (isdigit (*start)) return atol (start); length--; start++; } return 0l; } /* Vector used to translate characters for comparison. This is how we make all alphanumerics follow all else, and ignore case in the first sorting. */ int char_order[256]; void init_char_order () { int i; for (i = 1; i < 256; i++) char_order[i] = i; for (i = '0'; i <= '9'; i++) char_order[i] += 512; for (i = 'a'; i <= 'z'; i++) { char_order[i] = 512 + i; char_order[i + 'A' - 'a'] = 512 + i; } } /* Compare two fields (each specified as a start pointer and a character count) according to KEYFIELD. The sign of the value reports the relation between the fields. */ int compare_field (keyfield, start1, length1, pos1, start2, length2, pos2) struct keyfield *keyfield; char *start1; long length1; long pos1; char *start2; long length2; long pos2; { if (keyfields->positional) { if (pos1 > pos2) return 1; else return -1; } if (keyfield->numeric) { long value = find_value (start1, length1) - find_value (start2, length2); if (value > 0) return 1; if (value < 0) return -1; return 0; } else { char *p1 = start1; char *p2 = start2; char *e1 = start1 + length1; char *e2 = start2 + length2; while (1) { int c1, c2; if (p1 == e1) c1 = 0; else c1 = *p1++; if (p2 == e2) c2 = 0; else c2 = *p2++; if (char_order[c1] != char_order[c2]) return char_order[c1] - char_order[c2]; if (!c1) break; } /* Strings are equal except possibly for case. */ p1 = start1; p2 = start2; while (1) { int c1, c2; if (p1 == e1) c1 = 0; else c1 = *p1++; if (p2 == e2) c2 = 0; else c2 = *p2++; if (c1 != c2) /* Reverse sign here so upper case comes out last. */ return c2 - c1; if (!c1) break; } return 0; } } /* A `struct linebuffer' is a structure which holds a line of text. `readline' reads a line from a stream into a linebuffer and works regardless of the length of the line. */ struct linebuffer { long size; char *buffer; }; /* Initialize LINEBUFFER for use. */ void initbuffer (linebuffer) struct linebuffer *linebuffer; { linebuffer->size = 200; linebuffer->buffer = (char *) xmalloc (200); } /* Read a line of text from STREAM into LINEBUFFER. Return the length of the line. */ long readline (linebuffer, stream) struct linebuffer *linebuffer; FILE *stream; { char *buffer = linebuffer->buffer; char *p = linebuffer->buffer; char *end = p + linebuffer->size; while (1) { int c = getc (stream); if (p == end) { buffer = (char *) xrealloc (buffer, linebuffer->size *= 2); p += buffer - linebuffer->buffer; end += buffer - linebuffer->buffer; linebuffer->buffer = buffer; } if (c < 0 || c == '\n') { *p = 0; break; } *p++ = c; } return p - buffer; } /* Sort an input file too big to sort in core. */ void sort_offline (infile, nfiles, total, outfile) char *infile; int nfiles; long total; char *outfile; { /* More than enough. */ int ntemps = 2 * (total + MAX_IN_CORE_SORT - 1) / MAX_IN_CORE_SORT; char **tempfiles = (char **) xmalloc (ntemps * sizeof (char *)); FILE *istream = fopen (infile, "r"); int i; struct linebuffer lb; long linelength; int failure = 0; initbuffer (&lb); /* Read in one line of input data. */ linelength = readline (&lb, istream); if (lb.buffer[0] != '\\' && lb.buffer[0] != '@') { error ("%s: not a texinfo index file", infile); return; } /* Split up the input into `ntemps' temporary files, or maybe fewer, and put the new files' names into `tempfiles' */ for (i = 0; i < ntemps; i++) { char *outname = maketempname (++tempcount); FILE *ostream = fopen (outname, "w"); long tempsize = 0; if (!ostream) pfatal_with_name (outname); tempfiles[i] = outname; /* Copy lines into this temp file as long as it does not make file "too big" or until there are no more lines. */ while (tempsize + linelength + 1 <= MAX_IN_CORE_SORT) { tempsize += linelength + 1; fputs (lb.buffer, ostream); putc ('\n', ostream); /* Read another line of input data. */ linelength = readline (&lb, istream); if (!linelength && feof (istream)) break; if (lb.buffer[0] != '\\' && lb.buffer[0] != '@') { error ("%s: not a texinfo index file", infile); failure = 1; goto fail; } } fclose (ostream); if (feof (istream)) break; } free (lb.buffer); fail: /* Record number of temp files we actually needed. */ ntemps = i; /* Sort each tempfile into another tempfile. Delete the first set of tempfiles and put the names of the second into `tempfiles'. */ for (i = 0; i < ntemps; i++) { char *newtemp = maketempname (++tempcount); sort_in_core (&tempfiles[i], MAX_IN_CORE_SORT, newtemp); if (!keep_tempfiles) unlink (tempfiles[i]); tempfiles[i] = newtemp; } if (failure) return; /* Merge the tempfiles together and indexify. */ merge_files (tempfiles, ntemps, outfile); } /* Sort INFILE, whose size is TOTAL, assuming that is small enough to be done in-core, then indexify it and send the output to OUTFILE (or to stdout). */ void sort_in_core (infile, total, outfile) char *infile; long total; char *outfile; { char **nextline; char *data = (char *) xmalloc (total + 1); char *file_data; long file_size; int i; FILE *ostream = stdout; struct lineinfo *lineinfo; /* Read the contents of the file into the moby array `data'. */ int desc = open (infile, O_RDONLY, 0); if (desc < 0) fatal ("failure reopening %s", infile); for (file_size = 0;;) { i = read (desc, data + file_size, total - file_size); if (i <= 0) break; file_size += i; } file_data = data; data[file_size] = 0; close (desc); if (file_size > 0 && data[0] != '\\' && data[0] != '@') { error ("%s: not a texinfo index file", infile); return; } init_char_order (); /* Sort routines want to know this address. */ text_base = data; /* Create the array of pointers to lines, with a default size frequently enough. */ nlines = total / 50; if (!nlines) nlines = 2; linearray = (char **) xmalloc (nlines * sizeof (char *)); /* `nextline' points to the next free slot in this array. `nlines' is the allocated size. */ nextline = linearray; /* Parse the input file's data, and make entries for the lines. */ nextline = parsefile (infile, nextline, file_data, file_size); if (nextline == 0) { error ("%s: not a texinfo index file", infile); return; } /* Sort the lines. */ /* If we have enough space, find the first keyfield of each line in advance. Make a `struct lineinfo' for each line, which records the keyfield as well as the line, and sort them. */ lineinfo = (struct lineinfo *) malloc ((nextline - linearray) * sizeof (struct lineinfo)); if (lineinfo) { struct lineinfo *lp; char **p; for (lp = lineinfo, p = linearray; p != nextline; lp++, p++) { lp->text = *p; lp->key.text = find_field (keyfields, *p, &lp->keylen); if (keyfields->numeric) lp->key.number = find_value (lp->key.text, lp->keylen); } qsort (lineinfo, nextline - linearray, sizeof (struct lineinfo), compare_prepared); for (lp = lineinfo, p = linearray; p != nextline; lp++, p++) *p = lp->text; free (lineinfo); } else qsort (linearray, nextline - linearray, sizeof (char *), compare_full); /* Open the output file. */ if (outfile) { ostream = fopen (outfile, "w"); if (!ostream) pfatal_with_name (outfile); } writelines (linearray, nextline - linearray, ostream); if (outfile) fclose (ostream); free (linearray); free (data); } /* Parse an input string in core into lines. DATA is the input string, and SIZE is its length. Data goes in LINEARRAY starting at NEXTLINE. The value returned is the first entry in LINEARRAY still unused. Value 0 means input file contents are invalid. */ char ** parsefile (filename, nextline, data, size) char *filename; char **nextline; char *data; long size; { char *p, *end; char **line = nextline; p = data; end = p + size; *end = 0; while (p != end) { if (p[0] != '\\' && p[0] != '@') return 0; *line = p; while (*p && *p != '\n') p++; if (p != end) p++; line++; if (line == linearray + nlines) { char **old = linearray; linearray = (char **) xrealloc (linearray, sizeof (char *) * (nlines *= 4)); line += linearray - old; } } return line; } /* Indexification is a filter applied to the sorted lines as they are being written to the output file. Multiple entries for the same name, with different page numbers, get combined into a single entry with multiple page numbers. The first braced field, which is used for sorting, is discarded. However, its first character is examined, folded to lower case, and if it is different from that in the previous line fed to us a \initial line is written with one argument, the new initial. If an entry has four braced fields, then the second and third constitute primary and secondary names. In this case, each change of primary name generates a \primary line which contains only the primary name, and in between these are \secondary lines which contain just a secondary name and page numbers. */ /* The last primary name we wrote a \primary entry for. If only one level of indexing is being done, this is the last name seen. */ char *lastprimary; /* Length of storage allocated for lastprimary. */ int lastprimarylength; /* Similar, for the secondary name. */ char *lastsecondary; int lastsecondarylength; /* Zero if we are not in the middle of writing an entry. One if we have written the beginning of an entry but have not yet written any page numbers into it. Greater than one if we have written the beginning of an entry plus at least one page number. */ int pending; /* The initial (for sorting purposes) of the last primary entry written. When this changes, a \initial {c} line is written */ char *lastinitial; int lastinitiallength; /* When we need a string of length 1 for the value of lastinitial, store it here. */ char lastinitial1[2]; /* Initialize static storage for writing an index. */ static void xbzero(s, n) char *s; int n; { register char *p; for (p = s; n--; ) *p++ = '\0'; } void init_index () { pending = 0; lastinitial = lastinitial1; lastinitial1[0] = 0; lastinitial1[1] = 0; lastinitiallength = 0; lastprimarylength = 100; lastprimary = (char *) xmalloc (lastprimarylength + 1); xbzero (lastprimary, lastprimarylength + 1); lastsecondarylength = 100; lastsecondary = (char *) xmalloc (lastsecondarylength + 1); xbzero (lastsecondary, lastsecondarylength + 1); } /* Indexify. Merge entries for the same name, insert headers for each initial character, etc. */ void indexify (line, ostream) char *line; FILE *ostream; { char *primary, *secondary, *pagenumber; int primarylength, secondarylength = 0, pagelength; int nosecondary; int initiallength; char *initial; char initial1[2]; register char *p; /* First, analyze the parts of the entry fed to us this time. */ p = find_braced_pos (line, 0, 0, 0); if (*p == '{') { initial = p; /* Get length of inner pair of braces starting at `p', including that inner pair of braces. */ initiallength = find_braced_end (p + 1) + 1 - p; } else { initial = initial1; initial1[0] = *p; initial1[1] = 0; initiallength = 1; if (initial1[0] >= 'a' && initial1[0] <= 'z') initial1[0] -= 040; } pagenumber = find_braced_pos (line, 1, 0, 0); pagelength = find_braced_end (pagenumber) - pagenumber; if (pagelength == 0) abort (); primary = find_braced_pos (line, 2, 0, 0); primarylength = find_braced_end (primary) - primary; secondary = find_braced_pos (line, 3, 0, 0); nosecondary = !*secondary; if (!nosecondary) secondarylength = find_braced_end (secondary) - secondary; /* If the primary is different from before, make a new primary entry. */ if (strncmp (primary, lastprimary, primarylength)) { /* Close off current secondary entry first, if one is open. */ if (pending) { fputs ("}\n", ostream); pending = 0; } /* If this primary has a different initial, include an entry for the initial. */ if (initiallength != lastinitiallength || strncmp (initial, lastinitial, initiallength)) { fprintf (ostream, "\\initial {"); fwrite (initial, 1, initiallength, ostream); fprintf (ostream, "}\n", initial); if (initial == initial1) { lastinitial = lastinitial1; *lastinitial1 = *initial1; } else { lastinitial = initial; } lastinitiallength = initiallength; } /* Make the entry for the primary. */ if (nosecondary) fputs ("\\entry {", ostream); else fputs ("\\primary {", ostream); fwrite (primary, primarylength, 1, ostream); if (nosecondary) { fputs ("}{", ostream); pending = 1; } else fputs ("}\n", ostream); /* Record name of most recent primary. */ if (lastprimarylength < primarylength) { lastprimarylength = primarylength + 100; lastprimary = (char *) xrealloc (lastprimary, 1 + lastprimarylength); } strncpy (lastprimary, primary, primarylength); lastprimary[primarylength] = 0; /* There is no current secondary within this primary, now. */ lastsecondary[0] = 0; } /* Should not have an entry with no subtopic following one with a subtopic. */ if (nosecondary && *lastsecondary) error ("entry %s follows an entry with a secondary name", line); /* Start a new secondary entry if necessary. */ if (!nosecondary && strncmp (secondary, lastsecondary, secondarylength)) { if (pending) { fputs ("}\n", ostream); pending = 0; } /* Write the entry for the secondary. */ fputs ("\\secondary {", ostream); fwrite (secondary, secondarylength, 1, ostream); fputs ("}{", ostream); pending = 1; /* Record name of most recent secondary. */ if (lastsecondarylength < secondarylength) { lastsecondarylength = secondarylength + 100; lastsecondary = (char *) xrealloc (lastsecondary, 1 + lastsecondarylength); } strncpy (lastsecondary, secondary, secondarylength); lastsecondary[secondarylength] = 0; } /* Here to add one more page number to the current entry. */ if (pending++ != 1) fputs (", ", ostream); /* Punctuate first, if this is not the first. */ fwrite (pagenumber, pagelength, 1, ostream); } /* Close out any unfinished output entry. */ void finish_index (ostream) FILE *ostream; { if (pending) fputs ("}\n", ostream); free (lastprimary); free (lastsecondary); } /* Copy the lines in the sorted order. Each line is copied out of the input file it was found in. */ void writelines (linearray, nlines, ostream) char **linearray; int nlines; FILE *ostream; { char **stop_line = linearray + nlines; char **next_line; init_index (); /* Output the text of the lines, and free the buffer space. */ for (next_line = linearray; next_line != stop_line; next_line++) { /* If -u was specified, output the line only if distinct from previous one. */ if (next_line == linearray /* Compare previous line with this one, using only the explicitly specd keyfields. */ || compare_general (*(next_line - 1), *next_line, 0L, 0L, num_keyfields - 1)) { char *p = *next_line; char c; while ((c = *p++) && c != '\n') /* Do nothing. */ ; *(p - 1) = 0; indexify (*next_line, ostream); } } finish_index (ostream); } /* Assume (and optionally verify) that each input file is sorted; merge them and output the result. Returns nonzero if any input file fails to be sorted. This is the high-level interface that can handle an unlimited number of files. */ #define MAX_DIRECT_MERGE 10 int merge_files (infiles, nfiles, outfile) char **infiles; int nfiles; char *outfile; { char **tempfiles; int ntemps; int i; int value = 0; int start_tempcount = tempcount; if (nfiles <= MAX_DIRECT_MERGE) return merge_direct (infiles, nfiles, outfile); /* Merge groups of MAX_DIRECT_MERGE input files at a time, making a temporary file to hold each group's result. */ ntemps = (nfiles + MAX_DIRECT_MERGE - 1) / MAX_DIRECT_MERGE; tempfiles = (char **) xmalloc (ntemps * sizeof (char *)); for (i = 0; i < ntemps; i++) { int nf = MAX_DIRECT_MERGE; if (i + 1 == ntemps) nf = nfiles - i * MAX_DIRECT_MERGE; tempfiles[i] = maketempname (++tempcount); value |= merge_direct (&infiles[i * MAX_DIRECT_MERGE], nf, tempfiles[i]); } /* All temporary files that existed before are no longer needed since their contents have been merged into our new tempfiles. So delete them. */ flush_tempfiles (start_tempcount); /* Now merge the temporary files we created. */ merge_files (tempfiles, ntemps, outfile); free (tempfiles); return value; } /* Assume (and optionally verify) that each input file is sorted; merge them and output the result. Returns nonzero if any input file fails to be sorted. This version of merging will not work if the number of input files gets too high. Higher level functions use it only with a bounded number of input files. */ int merge_direct (infiles, nfiles, outfile) char **infiles; int nfiles; char *outfile; { struct linebuffer *lb1, *lb2; struct linebuffer **thisline, **prevline; FILE **streams; int i; int nleft; int lossage = 0; int *file_lossage; struct linebuffer *prev_out = 0; FILE *ostream = stdout; if (outfile) { ostream = fopen (outfile, "w"); } if (!ostream) pfatal_with_name (outfile); init_index (); if (nfiles == 0) { if (outfile) fclose (ostream); return 0; } /* For each file, make two line buffers. Also, for each file, there is an element of `thisline' which points at any time to one of the file's two buffers, and an element of `prevline' which points to the other buffer. `thisline' is supposed to point to the next available line from the file, while `prevline' holds the last file line used, which is remembered so that we can verify that the file is properly sorted. */ /* lb1 and lb2 contain one buffer each per file. */ lb1 = (struct linebuffer *) xmalloc (nfiles * sizeof (struct linebuffer)); lb2 = (struct linebuffer *) xmalloc (nfiles * sizeof (struct linebuffer)); /* thisline[i] points to the linebuffer holding the next available line in file i, or is zero if there are no lines left in that file. */ thisline = (struct linebuffer **) xmalloc (nfiles * sizeof (struct linebuffer *)); /* prevline[i] points to the linebuffer holding the last used line from file i. This is just for verifying that file i is properly sorted. */ prevline = (struct linebuffer **) xmalloc (nfiles * sizeof (struct linebuffer *)); /* streams[i] holds the input stream for file i. */ streams = (FILE **) xmalloc (nfiles * sizeof (FILE *)); /* file_lossage[i] is nonzero if we already know file i is not properly sorted. */ file_lossage = (int *) xmalloc (nfiles * sizeof (int)); /* Allocate and initialize all that storage. */ for (i = 0; i < nfiles; i++) { initbuffer (&lb1[i]); initbuffer (&lb2[i]); thisline[i] = &lb1[i]; prevline[i] = &lb2[i]; file_lossage[i] = 0; streams[i] = fopen (infiles[i], "r"); if (!streams[i]) pfatal_with_name (infiles[i]); readline (thisline[i], streams[i]); } /* Keep count of number of files not at eof. */ nleft = nfiles; while (nleft) { struct linebuffer *best = 0; struct linebuffer *exch; int bestfile = -1; int i; /* Look at the next avail line of each file; choose the least one. */ for (i = 0; i < nfiles; i++) { if (thisline[i] && (!best || 0 < compare_general (best->buffer, thisline[i]->buffer, (long) bestfile, (long) i, num_keyfields))) { best = thisline[i]; bestfile = i; } } /* Output that line, unless it matches the previous one and we don't want duplicates. */ if (!(prev_out && !compare_general (prev_out->buffer, best->buffer, 0L, 1L, num_keyfields - 1))) indexify (best->buffer, ostream); prev_out = best; /* Now make the line the previous of its file, and fetch a new line from that file. */ exch = prevline[bestfile]; prevline[bestfile] = thisline[bestfile]; thisline[bestfile] = exch; while (1) { /* If the file has no more, mark it empty. */ if (feof (streams[bestfile])) { thisline[bestfile] = 0; /* Update the number of files still not empty. */ nleft--; break; } readline (thisline[bestfile], streams[bestfile]); if (thisline[bestfile]->buffer[0] || !feof (streams[bestfile])) break; } } finish_index (ostream); /* Free all storage and close all input streams. */ for (i = 0; i < nfiles; i++) { fclose (streams[i]); free (lb1[i].buffer); free (lb2[i].buffer); } free (file_lossage); free (lb1); free (lb2); free (thisline); free (prevline); free (streams); if (outfile) fclose (ostream); return lossage; } /* Print error message and exit. */ void fatal (s1, s2) char *s1, *s2; { error (s1, s2); exit (TI_FATAL_ERROR); } /* Print error message. S1 is printf control string, S2 is arg for it. */ void error (s1, s2) char *s1, *s2; { printf ("%s: ", program_name); printf (s1, s2); printf ("\n"); } #if !defined (HAVE_STRERROR) static char * strerror (n) int n; { static char ebuf[40]; if (n < sys_nerr) return sys_errlist[n]; else { sprintf (ebuf, "Unknown error %d", n); return ebuf; } } #endif void perror_with_name (name) char *name; { char *s; s = concat ("", strerror (errno), " for %s"); error (s, name); } void pfatal_with_name (name) char *name; { char *s; s = concat ("", strerror (errno), " for %s"); fatal (s, name); } /* Return a newly-allocated string whose contents concatenate those of S1, S2, S3. */ char * concat (s1, s2, s3) char *s1, *s2, *s3; { int len1 = strlen (s1), len2 = strlen (s2), len3 = strlen (s3); char *result = (char *) xmalloc (len1 + len2 + len3 + 1); strcpy (result, s1); strcpy (result + len1, s2); strcpy (result + len1 + len2, s3); *(result + len1 + len2 + len3) = 0; return result; } /* Just like malloc, but kills the program in case of fatal error. */ void * xmalloc (nbytes) int nbytes; { void *temp = (void *) malloc (nbytes); if (nbytes && temp == (void *)NULL) memory_error ("xmalloc", nbytes); return (temp); } /* Like realloc (), but barfs if there isn't enough memory. */ void * xrealloc (pointer, nbytes) void *pointer; int nbytes; { void *temp; if (!pointer) temp = (void *)xmalloc (nbytes); else temp = (void *)realloc (pointer, nbytes); if (nbytes && !temp) memory_error ("xrealloc", nbytes); return (temp); } memory_error (callers_name, bytes_wanted) char *callers_name; int bytes_wanted; { char printable_string[80]; sprintf (printable_string, "Virtual memory exhausted in %s ()! Needed %d bytes.", callers_name, bytes_wanted); error (printable_string, ""); abort (); } bash-1.14.3/lib/readline/doc/readline.dvi 664 436 0 455200 5621067222 16310 0ustar chetwheel÷ƒ’À;è TeX output 1994.08.07:0117‹ÿÿÿÿŸòŽ ƒ3Ú ý†Ì& g®óUÂÖN ¼j cmbx12ëUGNU–ƧReadline“LibraryŽŸ 0‰ÕÁGŸ šª’ó£ió2Kñ`y ó3 cmr10ÝEdition–¦f2.0,“for“ó3ßêÿcon“v“erting– zthem“to“a“meta-pre xed“k²!ey“sequence.‘LThe“defaultŽ¡‘s¡æv‘ÿdDalue–¦fis“ÞonÝ.Ž¦‘9ÐóÞoutput-metaŽ¡‘s¡æÝIf–?set“to“ÞonÝ,‘'Readline“will“displaš²!y“c˜haracters“with“the“eigh˜th“bit“set“directlyŽ¡‘s¡ærather–¦fthan“as“a“meta-pre xed“escapMÞe“sequence.‘ÝÝThe“default“is“ÞoffÝ.ŽŽŸŒ‹,ŸòÝ6’b¤™GNU–¦fReadline“LibraryŽŽŽ ƒ3Ú ý¨ðБ9ÐóÞcompletion-query-itemsŽ¤‘s¡æÝThe›ÎÃn•²!um“b•MÞer˜of˜p“ossible˜completions˜that˜determines˜when˜the˜user˜is˜ask²!edŽ¡‘s¡æwhether–×dhe“w•²!an“ts–×dto“see“the“list“of“pšMÞossibilities.‘p×If“the“n•²!um“b˜er–×dof“p˜ossibleŽ¡‘s¡æcompletions–ÒCis“greater“than“this“v‘ÿdDalue,‘Ý:Readline“will“ask“the“user“whetherŽ¡‘s¡æor– not“he“wishes“to“view“them;‘À_otherwise,‘fµthey“are“simply“listed.‘ ÏTheŽ¡‘s¡ædefault–¦flimit“is“Þ100Ý.ŽŸœ¤‘9ÐóÞkeymapŽŽ‘s¡æÝSets–Readline's“idea“of“the“currenš²!t“k˜eymap“for“k˜ey“binding“commands.‘­»Ac-Ž¡‘s¡æceptable–šÍÞkeymap“Ýnames“are“ÞemacsÝ,–Þemacs-standardÝ,“Þemacs-metaÝ,“Þemacs-Ž¡‘s¡æctlxÝ,–+DÞviÝ,“Þvi-moveÝ,“Þvi-commandÝ,“and–±Þvi-insertÝ.‘¿Þvi“Ýis“equiv‘ÿdDalen²!t“to“Þvi-Ž¡‘s¡æcommandÝ;‘œ’Þemacs–õ.Ýis“equiv›ÿdDalen²!t“to“Þemacs-standardÝ.‘Ê6The“default“v˜alue“isŽ¡‘s¡æÞemacsÝ.‘RtThe–ÍCv›ÿdDalue“of“the“Þediting-mode“Ýv˜ariable“also“a ects“the“defaultŽ¡‘s¡æk²!eymap.Ž©ÎR‘9ÐóÞshow-all-if-ambiguousŽ¡‘s¡æÝThis–ñ$alters“the“default“bMÞeha²!vior“of“the“completion“functions.‘¾If“set“to“ÞonÝ,Ž¡‘s¡æw•²!ords›Cwhic“h˜ha“v“e˜more˜than˜one˜pMÞossible˜completion˜cause˜the˜matc“hes˜toŽ¡‘s¡æbšMÞe–gslisted“immediately“instead“of“ringing“the“b˜ell.‘ÈáThe“default“v‘ÿdDalue“is“ÞoffÝ.Ž¦‘9ÐóÞexpand-tildeŽ¡‘s¡æÝIf–³7set“to“ÞonÝ,‘öktilde“expansion“is“pMÞerformed“when“Readline“attempts“w²!ordŽ¡‘s¡æcompletion.‘ÝÝThe–¦fdefault“is“ÞoffÝ.Ž¦Key‘¦fBindingsŽ¡‘9ÐóThe–»˜synš²!tax“for“con˜trolling“k˜ey“bindings“in“the“init“ le“is“simple.‘tFirst“y˜ou“ha˜v˜e“toŽ¡‘9Ðóknoš²!w–O}the“name“of“the“command“that“y˜ou“w˜an˜t“to“c˜hange.‘ÀåThe“follo˜wing“pages“con˜tainŽ¡‘9Ðótables–Æ9of“the“command“name,›Î.the“default“k²!eybinding,˜and“a“short“description“of“whatŽ¡‘9Ðóthe–¦fcommand“doMÞes.Ž¦‘9ÐóOnce–ˆmyš²!ou“kno˜w“the“name“of“the“command,‘Žksimply“place“the“name“of“the“k˜ey“y˜ou“wishŽ¡‘9Ðóto–šˆbind“the“command“to,›œèa“colon,˜and“then“the“name“of“the“command“on“a“line“in“theŽ¡‘9Ðóinit–ÃÒ le.‘6"The“name“of“the“kš²!ey“can“bMÞe“expressed“in“di eren˜t“w˜a˜ys,‘Ë-depMÞending“on“whic˜hŽ¡‘9Ðóis–¦fmost“comfortable“for“y²!ou.Ž¦‘9Ðóák²!eyname‘Ý:‘ÝÝáfunction-name‘CmÝor‘¦fámacroŽŽ¡‘s¡ækš²!eyname‘CmÝis–¦fthe“name“of“a“k˜ey“spMÞelled“out“in“English.‘ÝÝF‘ÿeor“example:ŽŸÎR’Š;ÞControl-u:‘¿ªuniversal-argumentŽ¤ ’Š;Meta-Rubout:‘¿ªbackward-kill-wordŽ¡’Š;Control-o:‘¿ª">&output"Ž¦‘s¡æÝIn–Áthe“abšMÞo•²!v“e–Áexample,‘î÷`ÞC-uÝ'“is“b˜ound“to“the“function“Þuniversal-argumentÝ,Ž¤‘s¡æand–;`ÞC-oÝ'“is“bMÞound“to“run“the“macro“expressed“on“the“righ²!t“hand“side“(thatŽ¡‘s¡æis,–¦fto“insert“the“text“`Þ>&outputÝ'“in²!to“the“line).Ž¦‘9ÐóÞ"ák²!eyseq@æÞ"Ý:‘ÝÝáfunction-name‘CmÝor‘¦fámacroŽŽ¡‘s¡ækš²!eyseq‘RÎÝdi ers–èfrom“ák˜eyname‘®ïÝabMÞo˜v˜e“in“that“strings“denoting“an“en˜tire“k˜eyŽ¡‘s¡æsequence–Vwcan“bšMÞe“sp˜eci ed,‘‚{bš²!y“placing“the“k˜ey“sequence“in“double“quotes.ŽŽŸŒ‹7$ŸòÝChapter–¦f1:‘ÝÝCommand“Line“Editing’'o×7ŽŽŽ ƒ3Ú ý¨ðБs¡æSome–L¦GNU‘L|Emacs“stš²!yle“k˜ey“escapšMÞes“can“b˜e“used,‘v6as“in“the“follo²!wing“ex-Ž©‘s¡æample,–¦fbut“the“spMÞecial“c²!haracter“names“are“not“recognized.ŽŸ}’Š;Þ"\C-u":‘¿ªuniversal-argumentŽ¤ ’Š;"\C-x\C-r":‘¿ªre-read-init-fileŽ¡’Š;"\e[11~":–¿ª"Function“Key“1"ŽŸ}‘s¡æÝIn–the“abšMÞo•²!v“e–example,‘.‡`ÞC-uÝ'“is“b˜ound“to“the“function“Þuniversal-argumentŽ¦‘s¡æÝ(just–*|as“it“w²!as“in“the“ rst“example),‘CE`ÞC-x‘¦fC-rÝ'“is“bMÞound“to“the“function“Þre-Ž¦‘s¡æread-init-fileÝ,‘áÊand›Õé`ÞESC–¦f[“1“1“~Ý'˜is˜bMÞound˜to˜insert˜the˜text˜`ÞFunctionŽ¦‘s¡æKey‘¦f1Ý'.‘,The–Ïfolloš²!wing“escapMÞe“sequences“are“a˜v‘ÿdDailable“when“spMÞecifying“k˜eyŽ¦‘s¡æsequences:Ž¤ú‘s¡æÞ\C-ŽŽ’­rÙÝcon²!trol‘¦fpre xŽ¡‘s¡æÞ\M-ŽŽ’­rÙÝmeta‘¦fpre xŽ¡‘s¡æÞ\eŽŽ’­rÙÝan–¦fescapMÞe“c²!haracterŽ¡‘s¡æÞ\\ŽŽ’­rÙÝbac²!kslashŽ¡‘s¡æÞ\"ŽŽ’­rÙ"Ž¡‘s¡æ\'ŽŽ’­rÙ'Ž¡‘s¡æÝWhen–X'en²!tering“the“text“of“a“macro,‘gÍsingle“or“double“quotes“should“bMÞe“usedŽ¦‘s¡æto–œYindicate“a“macro“de nition.‘ÚƒUnquoted“text“is“assumed“to“bMÞe“a“functionŽ¦‘s¡æname.‘‡jBacš²!kslash–4@will“quote“an˜y“c˜haracter“in“the“macro“text,‘W¶including“Þ"Ž¦‘s¡æÝand–ÛÞ'Ý.‘{ßF‘ÿeor“example,‘è)Ž¡‘9ÐóÝMo•²!v“e–¦fto“the“end“of“the“input“history‘ÿe,“i.e.,“the“line“yš²!ou“are“en˜tering.Ž¦Þreverse-search-history‘¦f(C-r)Ž¡‘9ÐóÝSearc•²!h›<@bac“kw“ard˜starting˜at˜the˜curren“t˜line˜and˜mo“ving˜`up'˜through˜the˜history˜asŽ¡‘9Ðónecessary‘ÿe.‘ÝÝThis–¦fis“an“incremenš²!tal“searc˜h.Ž¦Þforward-search-history‘¦f(C-s)Ž¡‘9ÐóÝSearc•²!h›}-forw“ard˜starting˜at˜the˜curren“t˜line˜and˜mo“ving˜`do“wn'˜through˜the˜the˜historyŽ¡‘9Ðóas–¦fnecessary‘ÿe.‘ÝÝThis“is“an“incremenš²!tal“searc˜h.Ž¦Þnon-incremental-reverse-search-history‘¦f(M-p)Ž¡‘9ÐóÝSearc•²!h›<@bac“kw“ard˜starting˜at˜the˜curren“t˜line˜and˜mo“ving˜`up'˜through˜the˜history˜asŽ¡‘9Ðónecessary–¦fusing“a“non-incremenš²!tal“searc˜h“for“a“string“supplied“b˜y“the“user.Ž¦Þnon-incremental-forward-search-history‘¦f(M-n)Ž¡‘9ÐóÝSearc•²!h›}-forw“ard˜starting˜at˜the˜curren“t˜line˜and˜mo“ving˜`do“wn'˜through˜the˜the˜historyŽ¡‘9Ðóas–¦fnecessary“using“a“non-incremenš²!tal“searc˜h“for“a“string“supplied“b˜y“the“user.Ž¦Þhistory-search-forward‘¦f()Ž¡‘9ÐóÝSearc•²!h›)[forw“ard˜through˜the˜history˜for˜the˜string˜of˜c“haracters˜bMÞet“w“een˜the˜start˜of˜theŽ¡‘9Ðócurrenš²!t–âøline“and“the“curren˜t“pMÞoin˜t.‘“’This“is“a“non-incremen˜tal“searc˜h.‘“’By“default,‘òthisŽ¡‘9Ðócommand–¦fis“un²!bMÞound.ŽŽŸŒ‹ TƒŸòÝ10’]*ÿGNU–¦fReadline“LibraryŽŽŽ ƒ3Ú ý¨ðÐÞhistory-search-backward‘¦f()Ž¤‘9ÐóÝSearc•²!h›åÿbac“kw“ard˜through˜the˜history˜for˜the˜string˜of˜c“haracters˜bMÞet“w“een˜the˜start˜ofŽ¡‘9Ðóthe– kcurrenš²!t“line“and“the“curren˜t“pMÞoin˜t.‘ìThis“is“a“non-incremen˜tal“searc˜h.‘ìBy“default,Ž¡‘9Ðóthis–¦fcommand“is“un²!bMÞound.Ž©D+Þyank-nth-arg‘¦f(M-C-y)Ž¡‘9ÐóÝInsert–|ðthe“ rst“argumenš²!t“to“the“previous“command“(usually“the“second“w˜ord“on“theŽ¡‘9Ðóprevious–Ôôline).‘iˆWith“an“argumenš²!t“ánÝ,‘à˜insert“the“ánÝth“w˜ord“from“the“previous“commandŽ¡‘9Ðó(the–zRwš²!ords“in“the“previous“command“bMÞegin“with“w˜ord“0).‘Ï,A‘zGnegativ˜e“argumen˜t“insertsŽ¡‘9Ðóthe–¦fánÝth“w²!ord“from“the“end“of“the“previous“command.Ž¦Þyank-last-arg–¦f(M-.,“M-_)Ž¡‘9ÐóÝInsert–”ælast“argumenš²!t“to“the“previous“command“(the“last“w˜ord“on“the“previous“line).Ž¡‘9ÐóWith–¦fan“argumenš²!t,“bMÞeha˜v˜e“exactly“lik˜e“Þyank-nth-argÝ.ŽŸ=eƒëM1.4.3‘d(Commands–¦MF›þÄ£or“Changing“T˜extŽŽŸ"D+Þdelete-char‘¦f(C-d)Ž¡‘9ÐóÝDelete–åthe“c²!haracter“under“the“cursor.‘hIf“the“cursor“is“at“the“bMÞeginning“of“the“line,‘ ³thereŽ¡‘9Ðóare–jjno“cš²!haracters“in“the“line,‘›jand“the“last“c˜haracter“t˜ypMÞed“w˜as“not“C-d,‘›jthen“returnŽ¡‘9ÐóEOF.Ž¦Þbackward-delete-char‘¦f(Rubout)Ž¡‘9ÐóÝDelete–Ÿ¹the“cš²!haracter“bMÞehind“the“cursor.‘†NA‘Ÿwn˜umeric“arg“sa˜ys“to“kill“the“c˜haracters“insteadŽ¡‘9Ðóof–¦fdeleting“them.Ž¦Þquoted-insert–¦f(C-q,“C-v)Ž¡‘9ÐóÝAdd–ñQthe“next“cš²!haracter“that“y˜ou“t˜ypMÞe“to“the“line“v˜erbatim.‘¾This“is“ho˜w“to“insert“k˜eyŽ¡‘9Ðósequences–¦flik²!e“ÞC-QÝ,“for“example.Ž¦Þtab-insert‘¦f(M-TAB)Ž¡‘9ÐóÝInsert–¦fa“tab“c²!haracter.Ž¦Þself-insert–¦f(a,“b,“A,“1,“!,“...)Ž¡‘9ÐóÝInsert‘¦fy²!ourself.Ž¦Þtranspose-chars‘¦f(C-t)Ž¡‘9ÐóÝDrag–§the“cš²!haracter“bMÞefore“the“cursor“forw˜ard“o˜v˜er“the“c˜haracter“at“the“cursor,‘§Dmo˜vingŽ¡‘9Ðóthe–kßcursor“forwš²!ard“as“w˜ell.‘.GIf“the“insertion“pMÞoin˜t“is“at“the“end“of“the“line,‘this“digit“to“the“argumenš²!t“already“accum˜ulating,‘ˆtor“start“a“new“argumen˜t.‘üeM{Ž¡‘9Ðóstarts–¦fa“negativš²!e“argumen˜t.ŽŸuwÞuniversal-argument‘¦f()Ž¡‘9ÐóÝEacš²!h–*½time“this“is“executed,‘KÒthe“argumen˜t“coun˜t“is“m˜ultiplied“b˜y“four.‘jáThe“argumen˜tŽ¡‘9Ðócounš²!t–ð0is“initially“one,‘B¢so“executing“this“function“the“ rst“time“mak˜es“the“argumen˜tŽ¡‘9Ðócounš²!t–¦ffour.‘ÝÝBy“default,“this“is“not“bMÞound“to“a“k˜ey‘ÿe.ŽŸ?!2ëM1.4.6‘d(Letting–¦MReadline“T–áypie“F›þÄ£or“Y˜ouŽŽ¦Þcomplete‘¦f(TAB)Ž¡‘9ÐóÝA²!ttempt–'‰to“do“completion“on“the“text“bšMÞefore“the“cursor.‘aEThis“is“application-sp˜eci c.Ž¡‘9ÐóGenerally‘ÿe,‘`€if–;Hyš²!ou“are“t˜yping“a“ lename“argumen˜t,‘`€y˜ou“can“do“ lename“completion;‘…¸ifŽ¡‘9Ðóyš²!ou–VÒare“t˜yping“a“command,‘‚ìy˜ou“can“do“command“completion,‘‚ìif“y˜ou“are“t˜yping“in“aŽ¡‘9Ðósymš²!bMÞol–²to“GDB,“y˜ou“can“do“sym˜bMÞol“name“completion,‘Eif“y˜ou“are“t˜yping“in“a“v‘ÿdDariableŽ¡‘9Ðóto–¦fBash,“y²!ou“can“do“v‘ÿdDariable“name“completion,“and“so“on.Ž©uwÞpossible-completions‘¦f(M-?)Ž¡‘9ÐóÝList–¦fthe“pšMÞossible“completions“of“the“text“b˜efore“the“cursor.Ž¦Þinsert-completions‘¦f()Ž¡‘9ÐóÝInsert–Geall“completions“of“the“text“bšMÞefore“p˜oinš²!t“that“w˜ould“ha˜v˜e“bMÞeen“generated“b˜yŽ¡‘9ÐóÞpossible-completionsÝ.‘ÝÝBy–¦fdefault,“this“is“not“bMÞound“to“a“k²!ey‘ÿe.ŽŸ?!2ëM1.4.7‘d(Keybioard‘¦MMacrosŽŽŸ"uwÞstart-kbd-macro–¦f(C-x“()Ž¡‘9ÐóÝBegin–¦fsaš²!ving“the“c˜haracters“t˜ypMÞed“in˜to“the“curren˜t“k˜eybMÞoard“macro.Ž¦Þend-kbd-macro–¦f(C-x“))Ž¡‘9ÐóÝStop–ƒ+saš²!ving“the“c˜haracters“t˜ypMÞed“in˜to“the“curren˜t“k˜eybMÞoard“macro“and“sa˜v˜e“the“de ni-Ž¡‘9Ðótion.Ž¦Þcall-last-kbd-macro–¦f(C-x“e)Ž¡‘9ÐóÝRe-execute–qIthe“last“kš²!eybMÞoard“macro“de ned,‘¤b˜y“making“the“c˜haracters“in“the“macroŽ¡‘9ÐóappšMÞear–¦fas“if“t²!yp˜ed“at“the“k²!eyb˜oard.ŽŽŸŒ‹ o!ŸòÝChapter–¦f1:‘ÝÝCommand“Line“Editing’!ö=13ŽŽŽ ƒ3Ú ý¨ðÐëM1.4.8‘d(Some–¦MMiscellaneous“CommandsŽŽŸ!Ú\Þre-read-init-file–¦f(C-x“C-r)Ž¤‘9ÐóÝRead–£®in“the“con•²!ten“ts–£®of“yš²!our“init“ le,‘¤9and“incorpMÞorate“an˜y“bindings“or“v‘ÿdDariable“assign-Ž¡‘9Ðómen²!ts–¦ffound“there.Ž©Ú\Þabort‘¦f(C-g)Ž¡‘9ÐóÝAbšMÞort–;ãthe“curren²!t“editing“command“and“ring“the“terminal's“b˜ell“(sub‘›»ject“to“the“settingŽ¡‘9Ðóof‘¦fÞbell-styleÝ).Ž¦Þdo-uppercase-version–¦f(M-a,“M-b,“...)Ž¡‘9ÐóÝRun–¦fthe“command“that“is“bšMÞound“to“the“corresop˜onding“upp˜ercase“c²!haracter.Ž¦Þprefix-meta‘¦f(ESC)Ž¡‘9ÐóÝMakš²!e–~Kthe“next“c˜haracter“that“y˜ou“t˜ypšMÞe“b˜e“meta ed.‘ÐThis“is“for“p˜eople“without“a“metaŽ¡‘9Ðók•²!ey‘ÿe.‘ÝÝT“yping–¦f`ÞESC“fÝ'“is“equiv‘ÿdDalenš²!t“to“t˜yping“`ÞM-fÝ'.Ž¦Þundo–¦f(C-_,“C-x“C-u)Ž¡‘9ÐóÝIncremenš²!tal–¦fundo,“separately“remem˜bMÞered“for“eac˜h“line.Ž¦Þrevert-line‘¦f(M-r)Ž¡‘9ÐóÝUndo–Êall“cš²!hanges“made“to“this“line.‘H®This“is“lik˜e“t˜yping“the“Þundo“Ýcommand“enoughŽ¡‘9Ðótimes–¦fto“get“bac²!k“to“the“bMÞeginning.Ž¦Þtilde-expand‘¦f(M-~)Ž¡‘9ÐóÝPš²!erform–¦ftilde“expansion“on“the“curren˜t“w˜ord.Ž¦Þdump-functions‘¦f()Ž¡‘9ÐóÝPrinš²!t–a\all“of“the“functions“and“their“k˜ey“bindings“to“the“readline“output“stream.‘ÀIf“aŽ¡‘9Ðón•²!umeric›xÜargumen“t˜is˜supplied,‘­ythe˜output˜is˜formatted˜in˜suc“h˜a˜w“a“y˜that˜it˜can˜bMÞeŽ¡‘9Ðómade–¦fpart“of“an“áinputrc‘PjÝ le.ŽŸ=­<ëE1.5‘™Readline–¦Mvi“Mos3deŽŽ©!Ú\‘ÝWhile–ËŽthe“Readline“library“došMÞes“not“ha•²!v“e–ËŽa“full“set“of“Þvi“Ýediting“functions,‘÷Sit“do˜es“con²!tain“enoughŽ¡to––0allo²!w“simple“editing“of“the“line.‘ØvThe“Readline“Þvi“ÝmošMÞde“b˜eha•²!v“es––0as“sp˜eci ed“in“the“P²!osix“1003.2Ž¡standard.Ž¦‘In–Æorder“to“switcš²!h“in˜teractiv˜ely“bMÞet˜w˜een“ÞEmacs“Ýand“ÞVi“Ýediting“moMÞdes,‘Ιuse“the“command“M-C-jŽ¡(toggle-editing-mošMÞde).‘ÝÝThe–¦fReadline“default“is“Þemacs“Ýmo˜de.Ž¦‘When–j yš²!ou“en˜ter“a“line“in“Þvi“ÝmoMÞde,‘šöy˜ou“are“already“placed“in“`insertion'“moMÞde,‘šöas“if“y˜ou“hadŽ¡tš²!ypMÞed–»Öan“`ÞiÝ'.‘,Pressing“ÞESC“Ýswitc˜hes“y˜ou“in˜to“`command'“moMÞde,‘Á2where“y˜ou“can“edit“the“text“of“theŽŽŸŒ‹wCŸòÝ14’]*ÿGNU–¦fReadline“LibraryŽŽŽ ƒ3Ú ý¨ðÐline–S5with“the“standard“Þvi“Ýmo•²!v“emen“t›S5k“eys,‘~imo“v“e˜to˜previous˜history˜lines˜with˜`ÞkÝ',‘~iand˜follo“wingŽŸlines–¦fwith“`ÞjÝ',“and“so“forth.ŽŽŸŒ‹€ŸòÝChapter–¦f2:‘ÝÝProgramming“with“GNU“Readline’î¹–15ŽŽŽ ƒ3Ú ý¨ðÐè2‘ ¸QProgramming–¦Mwith“GNU“ReadlineŽŽŸ3 Ô‘ÝThis–]žcš²!hapter“describMÞes“the“in˜terface“bMÞet˜w˜een“the“GNU‘]oReadline“Library“and“other“programs.Ž¤If–Ž3yš²!ou“are“a“programmer,‘È&and“y˜ou“wish“to“include“the“features“found“in“GNU‘øReadline“suc˜h“asŽ¡completion,–0line›îediting,“and˜in•²!teractiv“e˜history˜manipulation˜in˜y“our˜o“wn˜programs,‘0this˜sectionŽ¡is–¦ffor“y²!ou.ŽŸ@å²ëE2.1‘™Basic‘¦MBehaŒÌviorŽŽ©"5÷‘ÝManš²!y–•programs“pro˜vide“a“command“line“in˜terface,‘Ë´suc˜h“as“ÞmailÝ,–Ë´ÞftpÝ,“and–•ÞshÝ.‘‚¾F‘ÿeor“suc˜h“programs,Ž¡the–‘default“bMÞehaš²!viour“of“Readline“is“sucien˜t.‘@^This“section“describMÞes“ho˜w“to“use“Readline“in“theŽ¡simplest›¦fw•²!a“y˜p•MÞossible,˜p“erhaps˜to˜replace˜calls˜in˜y²!our˜co“de˜to˜Þgets()˜Ýor˜Þfgets˜()Ý.Ž¦‘The–9Ífunction“Þreadline‘¦f()“Ýprin²!ts“a“prompt“and“then“reads“and“returns“a“single“line“of“text“fromŽ¡the–—user.‘®˜The“line“Þreadline“Ýreturns“is“alloMÞcated“with“Þmalloc›¦f()Ý;‘GÜy²!ou“should“Þfree˜()“Ýthe“line“whenŽ¡y²!ou–¦fare“done“with“it.‘ÝÝThe“declaration“for“Þreadline“Ýin“ANSI“C“isŽ¤5÷‘èUÞchar–¿ª*readline“(char“*áprompt=Þ);Ž¦ÝSo,–¦fone“mighš²!t“sa˜yŽ¡‘èUÞchar–¿ª*line“=“readline“("Enter“a“line:“");Ž¦Ýin–ú¬order“to“read“a“line“of“text“from“the“user.‘Ú°The“line“returned“has“the“ nal“newline“remo•²!v“ed,‘¾soŽ¤only–¦fthe“text“remains.Ž¦‘If–ˆPÞreadline“Ýencounš²!ters“an“ÞEOF“Ýwhile“reading“the“line,‘ŽTand“the“line“is“empt˜y“at“that“pMÞoin˜t,‘ŽTthenŽ¡Þ(char–¦f*)NULL“Ýis“returned.‘ÝÝOtherwise,“the“line“is“ended“just“as“if“a“newline“had“bšMÞeen“t²!yp˜ed.Ž¦‘If–Žyš²!ou“w˜an˜t“the“user“to“bMÞe“able“to“get“at“the“line“later,›)Ø(with“ÞC-P“Ýfor“example),˜yš²!ou“m˜ust“callŽ¡Þadd_history–¦f()“Ýto“sa•²!v“e–¦fthe“line“a•²!w“a“y–¦fin“a“áhistory‘–~Ýlist“of“suc²!h“lines.ŽŸ5÷‘èUÞadd_history‘¿ª(line);Ž¦ÝF›ÿeor–¦ffull“details“on“the“GNU“History“Library˜,“see“the“assoMÞciated“man²!ual.ŽŽŸŒ‹ ŸòÝ16’]*ÿGNU–¦fReadline“LibraryŽŽŽ ƒ3Ú ý¨ðБIt–{®is“preferable“to“a•²!v“oid›{®sa“ving˜empt“y˜lines˜on˜the˜history˜list,‘„9since˜users˜rarely˜ha“v“e˜a˜burningŽ¤need–‰öto“reuse“a“blank“line.‘ÔbHere“is“a“function“whic²!h“usefully“replaces“the“standard“Þgets‘¦f()“ÝlibraryŽ¡function,–¦fand“has“the“adv‘ÿdDanš²!tage“of“no“static“bu er“to“o˜v˜er o˜w:ŽŸ"×Ý‘èUÞ/*–¿ªA“static“variable“for“holding“the“line.“*/Ž¤ ‘èUstatic–¿ªchar“*line_read“=“(char“*)NULL;Ž©‘èU/*–¿ªRead“a“string,“and“return“a“pointer“to“it.‘ TReturns“NULL“on“EOF.“*/Ž¡‘èUchar‘¿ª*Ž¡‘èUrl_gets‘¿ª()Ž¡‘èU{Ž¡‘(g©/*–¿ªIf“the“buffer“has“already“been“allocated,“return“the“memoryŽ¡‘9¦§to–¿ªthe“free“pool.“*/Ž¡‘(g©if‘¿ª(line_read)Ž¡‘3æý{Ž¡‘?fQfree‘¿ª(line_read);Ž¡‘?fQline_read–¿ª=“(char“*)NULL;Ž¡‘3æý}Ž¦‘(g©/*–¿ªGet“a“line“from“the“user.“*/Ž¡‘(g©line_read–¿ª=“readline“("");Ž¦‘(g©/*–¿ªIf“the“line“has“any“text“in“it,“save“it“on“the“history.“*/Ž¡‘(g©if–¿ª(line_read“&&“*line_read)Ž¡‘3æýadd_history‘¿ª(line_read);Ž¦‘(g©return‘¿ª(line_read);Ž¡‘èU}Ž©%×Ý‘ÝThis–]¡function“givš²!es“the“user“the“default“bMÞeha˜viour“of“ÞTAB“Ýcompletion:‘¹{completion“on“ le“names.Ž¤If–ȇyš²!ou“do“not“w˜an˜t“Readline“to“complete“on“ lenames,‘Ñy˜ou“can“c˜hange“the“binding“of“the“ÞTAB“Ýk˜eyŽ¡with–¦fÞrl_bind_key“()Ý.ŽŸ"×Ý‘èUÞint–¿ªrl_bind_key“(int“ák²!eyÞ,“int“(*áfunctionÞ)());Ž¦‘rl_bind_key‘¦f()–E;Ýtakš²!es“t˜w˜o“argumen˜ts:‘­Hák˜ey‘5SÝis“the“c˜haracter“that“y˜ou“w˜an˜t“to“bind,‘Xªand“áfunctionŽ¡Ýis–Fªthe“address“of“the“function“to“call“when“ákš²!ey‘6ÂÝis“pressed.‘½ôBinding“ÞTAB“Ýto“Þrl_insert‘¦f()“Ýmak˜es“ÞTABŽ¡Ýinsert–sitself.‘ÌÅÞrl_bind_key‘¦f()“Ýreturns“non-zero“if“ákš²!ey‘c6Ýis“not“a“v‘ÿdDalid“ASCIMÞI‘sc˜haracter“cošMÞde“(b˜et•²!w“eenŽ¡0–¦fand“255).Ž¦‘Thš²!us,–¦fto“disable“the“default“ÞTAB“ÝbMÞeha˜vior,“the“follo˜wing“suces:ŽŸ"×Ý‘èUÞrl_bind_key–¿ª('\t',“rl_insert);ŽŽŸŒ‹‰3ŸòÝChapter–¦f2:‘ÝÝProgramming“with“GNU“Readline’î¹–17ŽŽŽ ƒ3Ú ý¨ðБThis–—XcošMÞde“should“b˜e“executed“once“at“the“start“of“yš²!our“program;‘ñ³y˜ou“migh˜t“write“a“function“calledŽ¤Þinitialize_readline‘¦f()–ðÝwhicš²!h“pMÞerforms“this“and“other“desired“initializations,‘Šsuc˜h“as“installingŽ¡custom–¦fcompleters“(see“Section“2.5“[Custom“Completers],“page“28).ŽŸ=»½ëE2.2‘™Custom‘¦MF‘þ¦functionsŽŽ©!Ûù‘ÝReadline–Ñ4proš²!vides“man˜y“functions“for“manipulating“the“text“of“the“line,‘Ûçbut“it“isn't“pMÞossible“toŽ¡an²!ticipate–ªwthe“needs“of“all“programs.‘êThis“section“describMÞes“the“v›ÿdDarious“functions“and“v˜ariablesŽ¡de ned–tUwithin“the“Readline“library“whicš²!h“allo˜w“a“user“program“to“add“customized“functionalit˜y“toŽ¡Readline.ŽŸ9»½ëM2.2.1‘d(The–¦MF‘þÄ£unction“T–áypieŽŽ¦‘ÝF–ÿeor‘*„readabiltš²!y“,‘K‹w˜e–*„declare“a“new“t˜ypMÞe“of“ob‘›»ject,‘K‹called“áF‘ÿeunctionÝ.‘j7A›*bÞFunction“Ýis“a“C˜functionŽ¡whicš²!h–¦freturns“an“ÞintÝ.‘ÝÝThe“t˜ypMÞe“declaration“for“ÞFunction“Ýis:Ž¦Þtypedef–¦fint“Function“();Ž¦‘ÝThe–¹reason“for“declaring“this“new“tš²!ypMÞe“is“to“mak˜e“it“easier“to“write“cošMÞde“describing“p˜oin²!ters“toŽ¡C‘öfunctions.‘ÌòLet–öus“saš²!y“w˜e“had“a“v‘ÿdDariable“called“áfunc‘ Ýwhic˜h“w˜as“a“pMÞoin˜ter“to“a“function.‘ÌòInsteadŽ¡of–¦fthe“classic“C“declarationŽ¦‘Þint‘¦f(*)()func;Ž¦Ýw•²!e›¦fma“y˜writeŽ¦‘ÞFunction‘¦f*func;Ž¦ÝSimilarly‘ÿe,–¦fthere“areŽŸÛù‘èUÞtypedef–¿ªvoid“VFunction“();Ž¤ ‘èUtypedef–¿ªchar“*CPFunction“();“ÝandŽ¡‘èUÞtypedef–¿ªchar“**CPPFunction“();Ž¦Ýfor–ÿ(functions“returning“no“v‘ÿdDalue,› ›Þpointer–¦fto“charÝ,˜and‘ÿ(Þpointer“to“pointer“to“charÝ,˜respMÞectiv²!ely‘ÿe.ŽŽŸŒ‹ùŸòÝ18’]*ÿGNU–¦fReadline“LibraryŽŽŽ ƒ3Ú ý¨ðÐëM2.2.2‘d(W›þÄ£riting–¦Ma“New“F˜unctionŽŽ©"#´‘ÝIn–¡order“to“write“new“functions“for“Readline,‘|¯yš²!ou“need“to“kno˜w“the“calling“con˜v˜en˜tions“forŽ¤k•²!eybšMÞoard-in“v“ok“ed–òXfunctions,‘Tand“the“names“of“the“v‘ÿdDariables“that“describ˜e“the“curren²!t“state“of“theŽ¡line–¦fread“so“far.Ž¦‘The–¦fcalling“sequence“for“a“command“Þfoo“ÝloMÞoks“lik²!eŽŸ#´‘èUÞfoo–¿ª(int“count,“int“key)Ž¦Ýwhere–%ácounš²!t‘bÝis“the“n˜umeric“argumen˜t“(or“1“if“defaulted)“and“ák˜ey‘Ýis“the“k˜ey“that“in˜v˜ok˜ed“thisŽ¡function.Ž¦‘It–.is“completely“up“to“the“function“as“to“what“should“bMÞe“done“with“the“nš²!umeric“argumen˜t.Ž¡Some–@Yfunctions“use“it“as“a“repMÞeat“coun²!t,›fÕsome“as“a“ ag,˜and“others“to“c²!hošMÞose“alternate“b˜eha²!viorŽ¡(refreshing–Ö¯the“currenš²!t“line“as“oppMÞosed“to“refreshing“the“screen,‘:for“example).‘˜ Some“c˜hoMÞose“to“ignoreŽ¡it.‘ÙìIn–úkgeneral,‘lif“a“function“uses“the“nš²!umeric“argumen˜t“as“a“repMÞeat“coun˜t,‘lit“should“bMÞe“able“to“doŽ¡something–tAuseful“with“bšMÞoth“negativ²!e“and“p˜ositivš²!e“argumen˜ts.‘Í&A˜t“the“v˜ery“least,‘~Hit“should“bMÞe“a˜w˜areŽ¡that–¦fit“can“bMÞe“passed“a“negativš²!e“argumen˜t.ŽŸ@ARëE2.3‘™Readline‘¦MV‘þ¦fariablesŽŽ¦‘ÝThese–¦fv›ÿdDariables“are“a²!v˜ailable“to“function“writers.Ž©*k’¢.ÑV‘ÿeariableŽŽó<ßêthis“to“a“v‘ÿdDalue“makš²!es“it“the“next“k˜eystrok˜e“read.‘ËzThis“is“a“w˜a˜y“to“stu “a“singleŽ¡‘èUc•²!haracter›¦fin“to˜the˜input˜stream.Ž¦’¢.ÑV‘ÿeariableŽŽçchar–™˜*“ærl‘Óõ‰ˆŠ#ØŽ‘÷ÍpromptŽ¡‘èUÝThe–n¸prompt“Readline“uses.‘ËNThis“is“set“from“the“argumen²!t“to“Þreadline‘¦f()Ý,‘yÛand“shouldŽ¡‘èUnot–¦fbMÞe“assigned“to“directly‘ÿe.Ž¦’¢.ÑV‘ÿeariableŽŽçchar–™˜*“ærl‘Óõ‰ˆŠ#ØŽ–÷Íterminal‘Óõ‰ˆŠ#ØŽ“nameŽ¡‘èUÝThe–¦fterminal“t²!ypMÞe,“used“for“initialization.Ž¦’¢.ÑV‘ÿeariableŽŽçchar–™˜*“ærl‘Óõ‰ˆŠ#ØŽ–÷Íreadline‘Óõ‰ˆŠ#ØŽ“nameŽ¡‘èUÝThis–3'v‘ÿdDariable“is“set“to“a“unique“name“bš²!y“eac˜h“application“using“Readline.‘„The“v‘ÿdDalueŽ¡‘èUallo²!ws–÷¦conditional“parsing“of“the“inputrc“ le“(see“Section“1.3.2“[Conditional“Init“Con-Ž¡‘èUstructs],–¦fpage“7).Ž¦’¢.ÑV‘ÿeariableŽŽçFILE–™˜*“ærl‘Óõ‰ˆŠ#ØŽ‘÷ÍinstreamŽ¡‘èUÝThe–¦fstdio“stream“from“whic²!h“Readline“reads“input.Ž¦’¢.ÑV‘ÿeariableŽŽçFILE–™˜*“ærl‘Óõ‰ˆŠ#ØŽ‘÷ÍoutstreamŽ¡‘èUÝThe–¦fstdio“stream“to“whic²!h“Readline“pMÞerforms“output.Ž¦’¢.ÑV‘ÿeariableŽŽçFunction–™˜*“ærl‘Óõ‰ˆŠ#ØŽ–÷Ístartup‘Óõ‰ˆŠ#ØŽ“hob"okŽ¡‘èUÝIf–"pnon-zero,‘<Ôthis“is“the“address“of“a“function“to“call“just“bMÞefore“Þreadline“Ýprin²!ts“the“ rstŽ¡‘èUprompt.Ž¦’¢.ÑV‘ÿeariableŽŽçFunction–™˜*“ærl‘Óõ‰ˆŠ#ØŽ›÷Íev•Þen“t‘Óõ‰ˆŠ#ØŽ˜hob"okŽ¡‘èUÝIf–ø]non-zero,‘,this“is“the“address“of“a“function“to“call“p•MÞerio“dically–ø]when“readline“is“w²!aitingŽ¡‘èUfor–¦fterminal“input.ŽŽŸŒ‹ ŸòÝ20’]*ÿGNU–¦fReadline“LibraryŽŽŽ ƒ3Ú ý¨ðÐëE2.4‘™Readline›¦MCon•ŒÌv“enience˜F‘þ¦functionsŽŽŸ3ëM2.4.1‘d(Naming–¦Ma“F‘þÄ£unctionŽŽ©!‘ÝThe–UÁuser“can“dynamically“cš²!hange“the“bindings“of“k˜eys“while“using“Readline.‘ëíThis“is“done“b˜yŽ¤represenš²!ting– ´the“function“with“a“descriptiv˜e“name.‘ ÆThe“user“is“able“to“t˜ypMÞe“the“descriptiv˜e“nameŽ¡when–¦freferring“to“the“function.‘ÝÝThš²!us,“in“an“init“ le,“one“migh˜t“ ndŽŸ‘èUÞMeta-Rubout:‘ Tbackward-kill-wordŽ¦‘ÝThis–ºÞbinds“the“k•²!eystrok“e–ºÞÞMETA-RUBOUT“Ýto“the“function“ádescriptiv²!ely‘ªöÝnamed“Þbackward-kill-Ž¡wordÝ.‘§kY‘ÿeou,›úaas–é•the“programmer,˜should“bind“the“functions“yš²!ou“write“to“descriptiv˜e“names“as“w˜ell.Ž¡Readline–¦fpro²!vides“a“function“for“doing“that:Ž©'[±’Ÿ »F‘ÿeunctionŽŽçint‘™˜ærl‘Óõ‰ˆŠ#ØŽ–÷Íadd‘Óõ‰ˆŠ#ØŽ“defun‘yšó7m#½R ó3 cmss10â(Þchar–¦f*name,“Function“*function,“int“keyâ)Ž¡‘èUÝAdd–°¡áname‘M¨Ýto“the“list“of“named“functions.‘üŽMak²!e“áfunction“ÝbMÞe“the“function“that“getsŽ¡‘èUcalled.‘ÝÝIf–¦fák²!ey‘–~Ýis“not“-1,“then“bind“it“to“áfunction“Ýusing“Þrl_bind_key“()Ý.Ž¦‘Using–¶[this“function“alone“is“sucienš²!t“for“most“applications.‘ »It“is“the“recommended“w˜a˜y“to“addŽ¡a–>pfew“functions“to“the“default“functions“that“Readline“has“built“in.‘¥ûIf“y²!ou“need“to“do“somethingŽ¡other–Œthan“adding“a“function“to“Readline,‘‘Yyš²!ou“ma˜y“need“to“use“the“underlying“functions“describMÞedŽ¡bMÞelo²!w.ŽŸ3ëM2.4.2‘d(Selecting–¦Ma“KeymapŽŽŸ!‘ÝKey–pQbindings“takš²!e“place“on“a“ák˜eymapÝ.‘;ŸThe“k˜eymap“is“the“assošMÞciation“b˜et•²!w“een–pQthe“k²!eys“thatŽ¡the–„¯user“tš²!ypMÞes“and“the“functions“that“get“run.‘x¹Y‘ÿeou“can“mak˜e“y˜our“o˜wn“k˜eymaps,‘¼Bcop˜y“existingŽ¡kš²!eymaps,–¦fand“tell“Readline“whic˜h“k˜eymap“to“use.Ž¦’Ÿ »F‘ÿeunctionŽŽçKeymap‘™˜ærl‘Óõ‰ˆŠ#ØŽ–÷ÍmakšÞe‘Óõ‰ˆŠ#ØŽ“bare‘Óõ‰ˆŠ#ØŽ“k˜eymap‘yšâ()Ž¡‘èUÝReturns–1Àa“new,‘Iemptš²!y“k˜eymap.‘¶ûThe“space“for“the“k˜eymap“is“alloMÞcated“with“Þmalloc‘¦f()Ý;Ž¡‘èUyš²!ou–¦fshould“Þfree“()“Ýit“when“y˜ou“are“done.Ž¦’Ÿ »F‘ÿeunctionŽŽçKeymap‘™˜ærl‘Óõ‰ˆŠ#ØŽ–÷ÍcopšÞy‘Óõ‰ˆŠ#ØŽ“k˜eymap‘yšâ(ÞKeymap‘¦fmapâ)Ž¡‘èUÝReturn–¦fa“new“kš²!eymap“whic˜h“is“a“cop˜y“of“ámapÝ.ŽŽŸŒ‹¨sŸòÝChapter–¦f2:‘ÝÝProgramming“with“GNU“Readline’î¹–21ŽŽŽ ƒ3Ú ý¨ðÐ’Ÿ »F‘ÿeunctionŽŽçKeymap‘™˜ærl‘Óõ‰ˆŠ#ØŽ–÷ÍmakšÞe‘Óõ‰ˆŠ#ØŽ“k˜eymap‘yšâ()Ž¤‘èUÝReturn–oa“new“kš²!eymap“with“the“prin˜ting“c˜haracters“bMÞound“to“rl‘¨/‰x³HøŽ‘ñ'insert,‘¡,the“lo˜w˜ercaseŽ¡‘èUMeta–Fjcš²!haracters“bMÞound“to“run“their“equiv‘ÿdDalen˜ts,‘Yœand“the“Meta“digits“bšMÞound“to“pro˜duceŽ¡‘èUn•²!umeric‘¦fargumen“ts.Ž©%W’Ÿ »F‘ÿeunctionŽŽçvoid‘™˜ærl‘Óõ‰ˆŠ#ØŽ–÷Ídiscard‘Óõ‰ˆŠ#ØŽ“kÞeymap‘yšâ(ÞKeymap‘¦fkeymapâ)Ž¡‘èUÝF‘ÿeree–¦fthe“storage“assoMÞciated“with“ák²!eymapÝ.Ž¦‘Readline–.Rhas“sevš²!eral“in˜ternal“k˜eymaps.‘u¡These“functions“allo˜w“y˜ou“to“c˜hange“whic˜h“k˜eymap“isŽ¡activ²!e.Ž¦’Ÿ »F‘ÿeunctionŽŽçKeymap‘™˜ærl‘Óõ‰ˆŠ#ØŽ–÷Íget‘Óõ‰ˆŠ#ØŽ“kÞeymap‘yšâ()Ž¡‘èUÝReturns–¦fthe“currenš²!tly“activ˜e“k˜eymap.Ž¦’Ÿ »F‘ÿeunctionŽŽçvoid‘™˜ærl‘Óõ‰ˆŠ#ØŽ–÷Íset‘Óõ‰ˆŠ#ØŽ“kÞeymap‘yšâ(ÞKeymap‘¦fkeymapâ)Ž¡‘èUÝMak•²!es›¦fák“eymap‘ûgÝthe˜curren“tly˜activ“e˜k“eymap.Ž¦’Ÿ »F‘ÿeunctionŽŽçKeymap‘™˜ærl‘Óõ‰ˆŠ#ØŽ–÷Íget‘Óõ‰ˆŠ#ØŽ“kšÞeymap‘Óõ‰ˆŠ#ØŽ“b˜y‘Óõ‰ˆŠ#ØŽ“name‘yšâ(Þchar‘¦f*nameâ)Ž¡‘èUÝReturn–páthe“kš²!eymap“matc˜hing“ánameÝ.‘=Oáname‘ èÝis“one“whic˜h“w˜ould“bMÞe“supplied“in“a“ÞsetŽ¡‘èUkeymap–¦fÝinputrc“line“(see“Section“1.3“[Readline“Init“File],“page“4).ŽŸ.® ëM2.4.3‘d(Binding‘¦MKeysŽŽ©!‘ÝY‘ÿeou–žºassoMÞciate“kš²!eys“with“functions“through“the“k˜eymap.‘ÛNReadline“has“sev˜eral“in˜ternal“k˜eymaps:Ž¡Þemacs_standard_keymapÝ,–·Þemacs_meta_keymapÝ,“Þemacs_ctlx_keymapÝ,“Þvi_movement_keymapÝ,“andŽ¡Þvi_insertion_keymapÝ.‘_­Þemacs_standard_keymap–Ñ«Ýis“the“default,‘Ü}and“the“examples“in“this“man²!ualŽ¡assume‘¦fthat.Ž¦‘These–¦ffunctions“manage“k²!ey“bindings.Ž©%W’Ÿ »F‘ÿeunctionŽŽçint‘™˜ærl‘Óõ‰ˆŠ#ØŽ–÷Íbind‘Óõ‰ˆŠ#ØŽ“kÞey‘yšâ(Þint–¦fkey,“Function“*functionâ)Ž¡‘èUÝBinds–œákš²!ey‘Œ4Ýto“áfunction“Ýin“the“curren˜tly“activ˜e“k˜eymap.‘ÚoReturns“non-zero“in“the“case“ofŽ¡‘èUan–¦finš²!v‘ÿdDalid“ák˜eyÝ.Ž¦’Ÿ »F‘ÿeunctionŽŽçint‘^dærl‘Óõ‰ˆŠ#ØŽ–÷Íbind‘Óõ‰ˆŠ#ØŽ“kÞey‘Óõ‰ˆŠ#ØŽ“in‘Óõ‰ˆŠ#ØŽ“map‘yšâ(Þint–¦fkey,“Function“*function,“Keymap“mapâ)Ž¡‘èUÝBind–¦fákš²!ey‘–~Ýto“áfunction“Ýin“ámapÝ.‘ÝÝReturns“non-zero“in“the“case“of“an“in˜v‘ÿdDalid“ák˜eyÝ.ŽŽŸŒ‹±•ŸòÝ22’]*ÿGNU–¦fReadline“LibraryŽŽŽ ƒ3Ú ý¨ðÐ’Ÿ »F‘ÿeunctionŽŽçint‘™˜ærl‘Óõ‰ˆŠ#ØŽ–÷ÍunšÞbind‘Óõ‰ˆŠ#ØŽ“k˜ey‘yšâ(Þint‘¦fkeyâ)Ž¤‘èUÝBind–?Öákš²!ey‘/îÝto“the“n˜ull“function“in“the“curren˜tly“activ˜e“k˜eymap.‘»­Returns“non-zero“in“caseŽ¡‘èUof‘¦ferror.Ž©(JÅ’Ÿ »F‘ÿeunctionŽŽçint‘™˜ærl‘Óõ‰ˆŠ#ØŽ–÷ÍunšÞbind‘Óõ‰ˆŠ#ØŽ“k˜ey‘Óõ‰ˆŠ#ØŽ“in‘Óõ‰ˆŠ#ØŽ“map‘yšâ(Þint–¦fkey,“Keymap“mapâ)Ž¡‘èUÝBind–¦fákš²!ey‘–~Ýto“the“n˜ull“function“in“ámapÝ.‘ÝÝReturns“non-zero“in“case“of“error.Ž¦’Ÿ »F‘ÿeunctionŽŽçint‘™˜ærl‘Óõ‰ˆŠ#ØŽ–÷Ígeneric‘Óõ‰ˆŠ#ØŽ“bind‘yšâ(Þint–¦ftype,“char“*keyseq,“char“*data,“KeymapŽ¡‘2mapâ)Ž¡‘èUÝBind–ÍCthe“kš²!ey“sequence“represen˜ted“b˜y“the“string“ák˜eyseq‘)Ýto“the“arbitrary“pMÞoin˜ter“ádataÝ.Ž¡‘èUát•²!ypšMÞe‘t&Ýsa“ys–×what“kind“of“data“is“p˜oinš²!ted“to“b˜y“ádataÝ;‘ï{this“can“bMÞe“a“function“(ÞISFUNCÝ),‘ãMaŽ¡‘èUmacro–Z(ÞISMACRÝ),‘Wor“a“kš²!eymap“(ÞISKMAPÝ).‘ý¹This“mak˜es“new“k˜eymaps“as“necessary‘ÿe.‘ý¹TheŽ¡‘èUinitial–¦fkš²!eymap“in“whic˜h“to“do“bindings“is“ámapÝ.Ž¦’Ÿ »F‘ÿeunctionŽŽçint‘™˜ærl‘Óõ‰ˆŠ#ØŽ–÷Íparse‘Óõ‰ˆŠ#ØŽ“and‘Óõ‰ˆŠ#ØŽ“bind‘yšâ(Þchar‘¦f*lineâ)Ž¡‘èUÝP²!arse–ûáline‘˜#Ýas“if“it“had“bšMÞeen“read“from“the“Þinputrc“Ý le“and“p˜erform“anš²!y“k˜ey“bindingsŽ¡‘èUand–¦fv‘ÿdDariable“assignmen²!ts“found“(see“Section“1.3“[Readline“Init“File],“page“4).Ž¦’Ÿ »F‘ÿeunctionŽŽçint‘™˜ærl‘Óõ‰ˆŠ#ØŽ–÷Íread‘Óõ‰ˆŠ#ØŽ“init‘Óõ‰ˆŠ#ØŽ“ le‘yšâ(Þchar‘¦f*filenameâ)Ž¡‘èUÝRead–>kš²!eybindings“and“v‘ÿdDariable“assignmen˜ts“from“á lename‘EÝ(see“Section“1.3“[ReadlineŽ¡‘èUInit–¦fFile],“page“4).ŽŸ5àOëM2.4.4‘d(Assoiciating–¦MF‘þÄ£unction“Names“and“BindingsŽŽŸ!nB‘ÝThese–!functions“alloš²!w“y˜ou“to“ nd“out“what“k˜eys“in˜v˜ok˜e“named“functions“and“the“functionsŽ¡in•²!v“ok“ed›¦fb“y˜a˜particular˜k“ey˜sequence.Ž¦’Ÿ »F‘ÿeunctionŽŽçFunction–™˜*“ærl‘Óõ‰ˆŠ#ØŽ–÷Ínamed‘Óõ‰ˆŠ#ØŽ“function‘yšâ(Þchar‘¦f*nameâ)Ž¡‘èUÝReturn–¦fthe“function“with“name“ánameÝ.Ž¦’Ÿ »F‘ÿeunctionŽŽçFunction–™˜*“ærl‘Óõ‰ˆŠ#ØŽ–÷Ífunction‘Óõ‰ˆŠ#ØŽ“of‘Óõ‰ˆŠ#ØŽ“kÞeyseq‘yšâ(Þchar–¦f*keyseq,“Keymap“map,“intŽ¡‘2*typeâ)Ž¡‘èUÝReturn–ë}the“function“in•²!v“ok“ed›ë}b“y˜ák“eyseq‘,cÝin˜k“eymap˜ámapÝ.‘­"If˜ámap‘@~Ýis˜NULL,˜the˜curren“tŽ¡‘èUkš²!eymap–is“used.‘ù¿If“át˜ypMÞe‘¢Ýis“not“NULL,“the“t˜ypMÞe“of“the“ob‘›»ject“is“returned“in“it“(one“ofŽ¡‘èUÞISFUNCÝ,–¦fÞISKMAPÝ,“or“ÞISMACRÝ).ŽŽŸŒ‹» ŸòÝChapter–¦f2:‘ÝÝProgramming“with“GNU“Readline’î¹–23ŽŽŽ ƒ3Ú ý¨ðÐ’Ÿ »F‘ÿeunctionŽŽçchar–™˜**“ærl‘Óõ‰ˆŠ#ØŽ›÷Íin•Þv“oking‘Óõ‰ˆŠ#ØŽ˜k“eyseqs‘yšâ(ÞFunction‘¦f*functionâ)Ž¤‘èUÝReturn–N>an“arraš²!y“of“strings“represen˜ting“the“k˜ey“sequences“used“to“in˜v˜ok˜e“áfunction“ÝinŽ¡‘èUthe–¦fcurrenš²!t“k˜eymap.Ž©&ip’Ÿ »F‘ÿeunctionŽŽçchar–™˜**“ærl‘Óõ‰ˆŠ#ØŽ›÷Íin•Þv“oking‘Óõ‰ˆŠ#ØŽ˜k“eyseqs‘Óõ‰ˆŠ#ØŽ˜in‘Óõ‰ˆŠ#ØŽ˜map‘yšâ(ÞFunction–¦f*function,“KeymapŽ¡‘2mapâ)Ž¡‘èUÝReturn–N>an“arraš²!y“of“strings“represen˜ting“the“k˜ey“sequences“used“to“in˜v˜ok˜e“áfunction“ÝinŽ¡‘èUthe–¦fk²!eymap“ámapÝ.Ž¦’Ÿ »F‘ÿeunctionŽŽçvoid‘™˜ærl‘Óõ‰ˆŠ#ØŽ–÷Ífunction‘Óõ‰ˆŠ#ØŽ“dumpb"er‘yšâ(Þint‘¦freadableâ)Ž¡‘èUÝPrinš²!t–%the“readline“function“names“and“the“k˜ey“sequences“curren˜tly“bMÞound“to“them“toŽ¡‘èUÞrl_outstreamÝ.‘B/If–Ç×áreadable‘dÞÝis“non-zero,‘Ð3the“list“is“formatted“in“sucš²!h“a“w˜a˜y“that“it“canŽ¡‘èUbMÞe–¦fmade“part“of“an“Þinputrc“Ý le“and“re-read.Ž¦’Ÿ »F‘ÿeunctionŽŽçvoid‘™˜ærl‘Óõ‰ˆŠ#ØŽ–÷Ílist‘Óõ‰ˆŠ#ØŽ“funmap‘Óõ‰ˆŠ#ØŽ“names‘yšâ()Ž¡‘èUÝPrin²!t–¦fthe“names“of“all“bindable“Readline“functions“to“Þrl_outstreamÝ.ŽŸ0ÒàëM2.4.5‘d(Allo–áwing‘¦MUndoingŽŽ©!‘ÝSuppMÞorting–Oithe“undo“command“is“a“painless“thing,‘`Ïand“makš²!es“y˜our“functions“m˜uc˜h“more“useful.Ž¡It–{Mis“certainly“easy“to“try“something“if“yš²!ou“kno˜w“y˜ou“can“undo“it.‘ÏI‘{Bcould“use“an“undo“function“forŽ¡the–¦fstoMÞcš²!k“mark˜et.Ž¦‘If–Á·y²!our“function“simply“inserts“text“once,›ÈŒor“deletes“text“once,˜and“uses“Þrl_insert_text‘¦f()“ÝorŽ¡Þrl_delete_text–¦f()“Ýto“do“it,“then“undoing“is“already“done“for“y²!ou“automatically‘ÿe.Ž¦‘If–ªyš²!ou“do“m˜ultiple“insertions“or“m˜ultiple“deletions,‘ªüor“an˜y“com˜bination“of“these“opMÞerations,‘ªüy˜ouŽ¡should–÷Ÿgroup“them“together“in²!to“one“opMÞeration.‘чThis“is“done“with“Þrl_begin_undo_group‘¦f()“ÝandŽ¡Þrl_end_undo_group‘¦f()Ý.Ž¦‘The–¦ftš²!ypMÞes“of“ev˜en˜ts“that“can“bMÞe“undone“are:ŽŸ‘èUÞenum–¿ªundo_code“{“UNDO_DELETE,“UNDO_INSERT,“UNDO_BEGIN,“UNDO_END“};Ž¦‘ÝNotice–Lthat“ÞUNDO_DELETE“Ýmeans“to“insert“some“text,‘uwand“ÞUNDO_INSERT“Ýmeans“to“delete“someŽ¡text.‘ 2That–Ñis,›t+the“undo“coMÞde“tells“undo“what“to“undo,˜not“ho²!w“to“undo“it.‘ 2ÞUNDO_BEGIN“ÝandŽ¡ÞUNDO_END–¦fÝare“tags“added“b²!y“Þrl_begin_undo_group“()“Ýand“Þrl_end_undo_group“()Ý.ŽŽŸŒ‹Å ŸòÝ24’]*ÿGNU–¦fReadline“LibraryŽŽŽ ƒ3Ú ý¨ðÐ’Ÿ »F‘ÿeunctionŽŽçint‘™˜ærl‘Óõ‰ˆŠ#ØŽ–÷Íbb"egin‘Óõ‰ˆŠ#ØŽ“undo‘Óõ‰ˆŠ#ØŽ“group‘yšâ()Ž¤‘èUÝBegins–EÛsa²!ving“undo“information“in“a“group“construct.‘¼;The“undo“information“usuallyŽ¡‘èUcomes–üyfrom“calls“to“Þrl_insert_text›¦f()“Ýand“Þrl_delete_text˜()Ý,‘Qýbut“could“bMÞe“theŽ¡‘èUresult–¦fof“calls“to“Þrl_add_undo“()Ý.Ž©)’Ÿ »F‘ÿeunctionŽŽçint‘™˜ærl‘Óõ‰ˆŠ#ØŽ–÷Íend‘Óõ‰ˆŠ#ØŽ“undo‘Óõ‰ˆŠ#ØŽ“group‘yšâ()Ž¡‘èUÝCloses–-Êthe“curren²!t“undo“group“started“with“Þrl_begin_undo_group‘¦f()Ý.‘t There“shouldŽ¡‘èUbMÞe–¦fone“call“to“Þrl_end_undo_group“()“Ýfor“eac²!h“call“to“Þrl_begin_undo_group“()Ý.Ž¦’Ÿ »F‘ÿeunctionŽŽçvoid‘™˜ærl‘Óõ‰ˆŠ#ØŽ–÷Íadd‘Óõ‰ˆŠ#ØŽ“undo‘yšâ(Þenum–¦fundo_code“what,“int“start,“int“end,“charŽ¡‘2*textâ)Ž¡‘èUÝRemem•²!bMÞer›’Fho“w˜to˜undo˜an˜ev“en“t˜(according˜to˜áwhat=Ý).‘¡}The˜a ected˜text˜runs˜fromŽ¡‘èUástart‘ãfÝto–¦fáendÝ,“and“encompasses“átextÝ.Ž¦’Ÿ »F‘ÿeunctionŽŽçvoid‘™˜æfree‘Óõ‰ˆŠ#ØŽ–÷Íundo‘Óõ‰ˆŠ#ØŽ“list‘yšâ()Ž¡‘èUÝF‘ÿeree–¦fthe“existing“undo“list.Ž¦’Ÿ »F‘ÿeunctionŽŽçint‘™˜ærl‘Óõ‰ˆŠ#ØŽ–÷Ído‘Óõ‰ˆŠ#ØŽ“undo‘yšâ()Ž¡‘èUÝUndo–8êthe“ rst“thing“on“the“undo“list.‘¹^Returns“Þ0“Ýif“there“w²!as“nothing“to“undo,‘NÐnon-zeroŽ¡‘èUif–¦fsomething“w²!as“undone.Ž¦‘Finally‘ÿe,›½Çif–¹y²!ou“neither“insert“nor“delete“text,˜but“directly“moMÞdify“the“existing“text“(e.g.,˜c²!hangeŽ¡its–?case),›S²call“Þrl_modifying‘¦f()“Ýonce,˜just“bšMÞefore“y²!ou“mo˜dify“the“text.‘»gY‘ÿeou“m²!ust“supply“the“indicesŽ¡of–¦fthe“text“range“that“y²!ou“are“going“to“moMÞdify‘ÿe.Ž¦’Ÿ »F‘ÿeunctionŽŽçint‘™˜ærl‘Óõ‰ˆŠ#ØŽ‘÷Ímob"difying‘yšâ(Þint–¦fstart,“int“endâ)Ž¡‘èUÝT‘ÿeell–³ØReadline“to“sa•²!v“e–³Øthe“text“bMÞet•²!w“een–³Øástart‘ðØÝand“áend‘"*Ýas“a“single“undo“unit.‘It“is“assumedŽ¡‘èUthat–¦fyš²!ou“will“subsequen˜tly“moMÞdify“that“text.ŽŸ8Q[ëM2.4.6‘d(Redispla–áyŽŽ¦’Ÿ »ÝF‘ÿeunctionŽŽçint‘™˜ærl‘Óõ‰ˆŠ#ØŽ‘÷ÍredisplaÞy‘yšâ()Ž¡‘èUÝChange–$¿what's“displa•²!y“ed–$¿on“the“screen“to“re ect“the“currenš²!t“con˜ten˜ts“of“Þrl_line_Ž¡‘èUbufferÝ.ŽŽŸŒ‹ÎןòÝChapter–¦f2:‘ÝÝProgramming“with“GNU“Readline’î¹–25ŽŽŽ ƒ3Ú ý¨ðÐ’Ÿ »F‘ÿeunctionŽŽçint‘™˜ærl‘Óõ‰ˆŠ#ØŽ–÷Íforced‘Óõ‰ˆŠ#ØŽ“upb"date‘Óõ‰ˆŠ#ØŽ“displaÞy‘yšâ()Ž¤‘èUÝF‘ÿeorce–Ü…the“line“to“bšMÞe“up˜dated“and“redispla•²!y“ed,‘åwhether–Ü…or“not“Readline“thinks“the“screenŽ¡‘èUdispla²!y–¦fis“correct.Ž©%4¸’Ÿ »F‘ÿeunctionŽŽçint‘™˜ærl‘Óõ‰ˆŠ#ØŽ–÷Íon‘Óõ‰ˆŠ#ØŽ“new‘Óõ‰ˆŠ#ØŽ“line‘yšâ()Ž¡‘èUÝT‘ÿeell–t†the“upMÞdate“routines“that“wš²!e“ha˜v˜e“mo˜v˜ed“on˜to“a“new“(empt˜y)“line,‘¨ usually“afterŽ¡‘èUouputting–¦fa“newline.Ž¦’Ÿ »F‘ÿeunctionŽŽçint‘™˜ærl‘Óõ‰ˆŠ#ØŽ–÷Íreset‘Óõ‰ˆŠ#ØŽ“line‘Óõ‰ˆŠ#ØŽ“state‘yšâ()Ž¡‘èUÝReset–-Ïthe“displaš²!y“state“to“a“clean“state“and“redispla˜y“the“curren˜t“line“starting“on“a“newŽ¡‘èUline.Ž¦’Ÿ »F‘ÿeunctionŽŽçint‘™˜ærl‘Óõ‰ˆŠ#ØŽ‘÷Ímessage‘yšâ(Þva_alistâ)Ž¡‘èUÝThe–i.argumenš²!ts“are“a“string“as“w˜ould“bMÞe“supplied“to“ÞprintfÝ.‘&4The“resulting“string“isŽ¡‘èUdispla•²!y“ed–7 in“the“áecš²!ho“areaÝ.‘ÎThe“ec˜ho“area“is“also“used“to“displa˜y“n˜umeric“argumen˜tsŽ¡‘èUand–¦fsearc²!h“strings.Ž¦’Ÿ »F‘ÿeunctionŽŽçint‘™˜ærl‘Óõ‰ˆŠ#ØŽ–÷Íclear‘Óõ‰ˆŠ#ØŽ“message‘yšâ()Ž¡‘èUÝClear–¦fthe“message“in“the“ec²!ho“area.ŽŸ.ipëM2.4.7‘d(Moidifying‘¦MT‘þÄ£extŽŽ¦’Ÿ »ÝF‘ÿeunctionŽŽçint‘™˜ærl‘Óõ‰ˆŠ#ØŽ–÷Íinsert‘Óõ‰ˆŠ#ØŽ“text‘yšâ(Þchar‘¦f*textâ)Ž¡‘èUÝInsert–¦fátext‘ãfÝinš²!to“the“line“at“the“curren˜t“cursor“pMÞosition.Ž¦’Ÿ »F‘ÿeunctionŽŽçint‘™˜ærl‘Óõ‰ˆŠ#ØŽ–÷Ídelete‘Óõ‰ˆŠ#ØŽ“text‘yšâ(Þint–¦fstart,“int“endâ)Ž¡‘èUÝDelete–¦fthe“text“bMÞet•²!w“een–¦fástart‘ãfÝand“áend‘¸Ýin“the“curren²!t“line.Ž¦’Ÿ »F‘ÿeunctionŽŽçchar–™˜*“ærl‘Óõ‰ˆŠ#ØŽ–÷ÍcopÞy‘Óõ‰ˆŠ#ØŽ“text‘yšâ(Þint–¦fstart,“int“endâ)Ž¡‘èUÝReturn–¦fa“copš²!y“of“the“text“bMÞet˜w˜een“ástart‘ãfÝand“áend‘¸Ýin“the“curren˜t“line.Ž¦’Ÿ »F‘ÿeunctionŽŽçint‘™˜ærl‘Óõ‰ˆŠ#ØŽ–÷Íkill‘Óõ‰ˆŠ#ØŽ“text‘yšâ(Þint–¦fstart,“int“endâ)Ž¡‘èUÝCopš²!y–“ðthe“text“bMÞet˜w˜een“ástart‘ÐðÝand“áend‘BÝin“the“curren˜t“line“to“the“kill“ring,‘ÏRappMÞendingŽ¡‘èUor–{ÃprepMÞending“to“the“last“kill“if“the“last“command“w²!as“a“kill“command.‘]óThe“text“isŽ¡‘èUdeleted.‘´vIf–*1ástart‘g1Ýis“less“than“áendÝ,›C the“text“is“appMÞended,˜otherwise“prepMÞended.‘´vIf“the“lastŽ¡‘èUcommand–¦fw²!as“not“a“kill,“a“new“kill“ring“slot“is“used.ŽŽŸŒ‹׬ŸòÝ26’]*ÿGNU–¦fReadline“LibraryŽŽŽ ƒ3Ú ý¨ðÐëM2.4.8‘d(Utilit–áy‘¦MF‘þÄ£unctionsŽŽ©(gë’Ÿ »ÝF‘ÿeunctionŽŽçint‘™˜ærl‘Óõ‰ˆŠ#ØŽ–÷Íread‘Óõ‰ˆŠ#ØŽ“kÞey‘yšâ()Ž¤‘èUÝReturn–Pªthe“next“cš²!haracter“a˜v‘ÿdDailable.‘ÁIThis“handles“input“inserted“in˜to“the“input“streamŽ¡‘èUvia–ã˜ápMÞending“input‘ ˜Ý(see“Section“2.3“[Readline“V‘ÿeariables],‘òäpage“18)“and“Þrl_stuff_charŽ¡‘èU()Ý,–¦fmacros,“and“cš²!haracters“read“from“the“k˜eybMÞoard.Ž¦’Ÿ »F‘ÿeunctionŽŽçint‘™˜ærl‘Óõ‰ˆŠ#ØŽ–÷Ístu ‘Óõ‰ˆŠ#ØŽ“cÞhar‘yšâ(Þint‘¦fcâ)Ž¡‘èUÝInsert–…Vác‘/ZÝin²!to“the“Readline“input“stream.‘ÒØIt“will“bšMÞe“Þ"ÝreadÞ"“Ýb˜efore“Readline“attempts“toŽ¡‘èUread–¦fc²!haracters“from“the“terminal“with“Þrl_read_key“()Ý.Ž¦’Ÿ »F‘ÿeunctionŽŽçint‘™˜ærl‘Óõ‰ˆŠ#ØŽ‘÷Íinitialize‘yšâ()Ž¡‘èUÝInitialize–¦for“re-initialize“Readline's“in²!ternal“state.Ž¦’Ÿ »F‘ÿeunctionŽŽçint‘™˜ærl‘Óõ‰ˆŠ#ØŽ–÷Íreset‘Óõ‰ˆŠ#ØŽ“terminal‘yšâ(Þchar‘¦f*terminal_nameâ)Ž¡‘èUÝReinitialize–™¹Readline's“idea“of“the“terminal“settings“using“áterminal‘¨/‰x³HøŽ‘ñ'name‘6ÀÝas“the“terminalŽ¡‘èUt²!ypMÞe–¦f(e.g.,“Þvt100Ý).Ž¦’Ÿ »F‘ÿeunctionŽŽçint‘™˜æalphabb"etic‘yšâ(Þint‘¦fcâ)Ž¡‘èUÝReturn–¦f1“if“ác‘PjÝis“an“alphabMÞetic“c²!haracter.Ž¦’Ÿ »F‘ÿeunctionŽŽçint‘™˜ænÞumeric‘yšâ(Þint‘¦fcâ)Ž¡‘èUÝReturn–¦f1“if“ác‘PjÝis“a“nš²!umeric“c˜haracter.Ž¦’Ÿ »F‘ÿeunctionŽŽçint‘™˜æding‘yšâ()Ž¡‘èUÝRing–¦fthe“terminal“bšMÞell,“ob˜eying“the“setting“of“Þbell-styleÝ.Ž¦‘The–¦ffolloš²!wing“are“implemen˜ted“as“macros,“de ned“in“Þchartypes.hÝ.Ž¦’Ÿ »F‘ÿeunctionŽŽçint‘™˜æuppb"ercase‘Óõ‰ˆŠ#ØŽ‘÷Íp‘yšâ(Þint‘¦fcâ)Ž¡‘èUÝReturn–¦f1“if“ác‘PjÝis“an“uppšMÞercase“alphab˜etic“c²!haracter.Ž¦’Ÿ »F‘ÿeunctionŽŽçint‘™˜ælo•Þw“ercase‘Óõ‰ˆŠ#ØŽ‘÷Íp‘yšâ(Þint‘¦fcâ)Ž¡‘èUÝReturn–¦f1“if“ác‘PjÝis“a“lo•²!w“ercase–¦falphabMÞetic“c²!haracter.ŽŽŸŒ‹á_ŸòÝChapter–¦f2:‘ÝÝProgramming“with“GNU“Readline’î¹–27ŽŽŽ ƒ3Ú ý¨ðÐ’Ÿ »F‘ÿeunctionŽŽçint‘™˜ædigit‘Óõ‰ˆŠ#ØŽ‘÷Íp‘yšâ(Þint‘¦fcâ)Ž¤‘èUÝReturn–¦f1“if“ác‘PjÝis“a“nš²!umeric“c˜haracter.Ž©(Ï’Ÿ »F‘ÿeunctionŽŽçint‘™˜æto‘Óõ‰ˆŠ#ØŽ‘÷Íuppb"er‘yšâ(Þint‘¦fcâ)Ž¡‘èUÝIf–„Êác‘.ÎÝis“a“lo•²!w“ercase–„ÊalphabšMÞetic“c²!haracter,‘‹ƒreturn“the“corresp˜onding“upp˜ercase“c²!haracter.Ž¦’Ÿ »F‘ÿeunctionŽŽçint‘™˜æto‘Óõ‰ˆŠ#ØŽ‘÷Ílo•Þw“er‘yšâ(Þint‘¦fcâ)Ž¡‘èUÝIf–ô—ác‘ž›Ýis“an“uppšMÞercase“alphab˜etic“c²!haracter,‘'return“the“corresp˜onding“lo•²!w“ercase‘ô—c“haracter.Ž¦’Ÿ »F‘ÿeunctionŽŽçint‘™˜ædigit‘Óõ‰ˆŠ#ØŽ‘÷Ív‘ÿ;¼alue‘yšâ(Þint‘¦fcâ)Ž¡‘èUÝIf–¦fác‘PjÝis“a“n•²!um“bMÞer,–¦freturn“the“v‘ÿdDalue“it“represen²!ts.ŽŸ7m<ëM2.4.9‘d(An‘¦MExampleŽŽŸ!š\‘ÝHere–÷is“a“function“whicš²!h“c˜hanges“lo˜w˜ercase“c˜haracters“to“their“uppMÞercase“equiv‘ÿdDalen˜ts,‘)and“uppMÞer-Ž¡case–íEcš²!haracters“to“lo˜w˜ercase.‘²zIf“this“function“w˜as“bMÞound“to“`ÞM-cÝ',‘þýthen“t˜yping“`ÞM-cÝ'“w˜ould“c˜hangeŽ¡the–ú®case“of“the“cš²!haracter“under“pMÞoin˜t.‘ÚµT˜yping“`ÞM-1–¦f0“M-cÝ'–ú®w˜ould“c˜hange“the“case“of“the“follo˜wingŽ¡10–¦fcš²!haracters,“lea˜ving“the“cursor“on“the“last“c˜haracter“c˜hanged.ŽŸš\‘èUÞ/*–¿ªInvert“the“case“of“the“COUNT“following“characters.“*/Ž¤ ‘èUintŽ¡‘èUinvert_case_line–¿ª(count,“key)Ž¡‘9¦§int–¿ªcount,“key;Ž¡‘èU{Ž¡‘(g©register–¿ªint“start,“end,“i;Ž¤‘(g©start–¿ª=“rl_point;Ž¡‘(g©if–¿ª(rl_point“>=“rl_end)Ž© ‘3æýreturn‘¿ª(0);Ž¡‘(g©if–¿ª(count“<“0)Ž¦‘3æý{Ž¦‘?fQdirection–¿ª=“-1;Ž¦‘?fQcount–¿ª=“-count;Ž¦‘3æý}Ž¦‘(g©elseŽ¦‘3æýdirection–¿ª=“1;Ž¡‘(g©/*–¿ªFind“the“end“of“the“range“to“modify.“*/Ž¦‘(g©end–¿ª=“start“+“(count“*“direction);ŽŽŸŒ‹éŸòÝ28’]*ÿGNU–¦fReadline“LibraryŽŽŽ ƒ3Ú ý´ðБ(g©Þ/*–¿ªForce“it“to“be“within“range.“*/Ž¤ ‘(g©if–¿ª(end“>“rl_end)Ž¡‘3æýend–¿ª=“rl_end;Ž¡‘(g©else–¿ªif“(end“<“0)Ž¡‘3æýend–¿ª=“0;Ž©‘(g©if–¿ª(start“==“end)Ž¡‘3æýreturn‘¿ª(0);Ž¦‘(g©if–¿ª(start“>“end)Ž¡‘3æý{Ž¡‘?fQint–¿ªtemp“=“start;Ž¡‘?fQstart–¿ª=“end;Ž¡‘?fQend–¿ª=“temp;Ž¡‘3æý}Ž¦‘(g©/*–¿ªTell“readline“that“we“are“modifying“the“line,“so“it“will“saveŽ¡‘9¦§the–¿ªundo“information.“*/Ž¡‘(g©rl_modifying–¿ª(start,“end);Ž¦‘(g©for–¿ª(i“=“start;“i“!=“end;“i++)Ž¡‘3æý{Ž¡‘?fQif–¿ª(uppercase_p“(rl_line_buffer[i]))Ž¡‘Jå¥rl_line_buffer[i]–¿ª=“to_lower“(rl_line_buffer[i]);Ž¡‘?fQelse–¿ªif“(lowercase_p“(rl_line_buffer[i]))Ž¡‘Jå¥rl_line_buffer[i]–¿ª=“to_upper“(rl_line_buffer[i]);Ž¡‘3æý}Ž¡‘(g©/*–¿ªMove“point“to“on“top“of“the“last“character“changed.“*/Ž¡‘(g©rl_point–¿ª=“(direction“==“1)“?“end“-“1“:“start;Ž¡‘(g©return‘¿ª(0);Ž¡‘èU}ŽŸ4‡˜ëE2.5‘™Custom‘¦MCompletersŽŽ©!‘ÝTš²!ypically‘ÿe,‘Ýa–ª¦program“that“reads“commands“from“the“user“has“a“w˜a˜y“of“disam˜biguating“commandsŽ¤and–ÂÇdata.‘3If“yš²!our“program“is“one“of“these,‘Éàthen“it“can“pro˜vide“completion“for“commands,–Éàdata,“orŽ¡bšMÞoth.‘ÈgThe–Iéfollo²!wing“sections“describ˜e“hoš²!w“y˜our“program“and“Readline“co•MÞop“erate–Iéto“pro˜vide“thisŽ¡service.ŽŸ0‡˜ëM2.5.1‘d(Ho–áw–¦MCompleting“W‘þÄ£orksŽŽ¦‘ÝIn–¨vorder“to“complete“some“text,‘¨úthe“full“list“of“pšMÞossible“completions“m²!ust“b˜e“a²!v‘ÿdDailable.‘ä That“is,Ž¡it–his“not“pMÞossible“to“accurately“expand“a“partial“wš²!ord“without“kno˜wing“all“of“the“pMÞossible“w˜ordsŽŽŸŒ‹ð9ŸòÝChapter–¦f2:‘ÝÝProgramming“with“GNU“Readline’î¹–29ŽŽŽ ƒ3Ú ý¨ðÐwhic•²!h›©Pmak“e˜sense˜in˜that˜con“text.‘æšThe˜Readline˜library˜pro“vides˜the˜user˜in“terface˜to˜completion,Ž¤and›«Bt•²!w“o˜of˜the˜most˜common˜completion˜functions:‘ç• lename˜and˜username.‘ìqF‘ÿeor˜completing˜otherŽ¡tš²!ypMÞes–¿of“text,‘•y˜ou“m˜ust“write“y˜our“o˜wn“completion“function.‘ûéThis“section“describMÞes“exactly“whatŽ¡sucš²!h–¦ffunctions“m˜ust“do,“and“pro˜vides“an“example.Ž¤!‘There–¦fare“three“ma‘›»jor“functions“used“to“pMÞerform“completion:Ž¡‘ïæ1.Ž‘®dThe–ruser-inš²!terface“function“Þrl_complete‘¦f()Ý.‘Ì–This“function“is“called“with“the“same“argumen˜tsŽ¤‘®das–:»other“Readline“functions“inš²!tended“for“in˜teractiv˜e“use:‘ˆácoun˜t‘w»Ýand“áin˜v˜oking‘¨/‰x³HøŽ‘ñ'k˜eyÝ.‘šÝIt“isolatesŽ¡‘®dthe–w²!ord“to“bšMÞe“completed“and“calls“Þcompletion_matches‘¦f()“Ýto“generate“a“list“of“p˜ossibleŽ¡‘®dcompletions.‘8^It–Ä‘then“either“lists“the“pšMÞossible“completions,‘Ìinserts“the“p˜ossible“completions,‘ÌorŽ¡‘®dactually–¦fpšMÞerforms“the“completion,“dep˜ending“on“whic²!h“b˜eha²!vior“is“desired.Ž©‘ïæ2.Ž‘®dThe–V®inš²!ternal“function“Þcompletion_matches‘¦f()“Ýuses“y˜our“ágenerator‘×Ýfunction“to“generate“theŽ¡‘®dlist–Rwof“pMÞossible“matcš²!hes,‘}{and“then“returns“the“arra˜y“of“these“matc˜hes.‘âY‘ÿeou“should“place“theŽ¡‘®daddress–¦fof“y²!our“generator“function“in“Þrl_completion_entry_functionÝ.Ž¦‘ïæ3.Ž‘®dThe–ãWgenerator“function“is“called“repMÞeatedly“from“Þcompletion_matches‘¦f()Ý,‘ò“returning“a“stringŽ¡‘®deacš²!h–ttime.‘oThe“argumen˜ts“to“the“generator“function“are“átext›¾tÝand“ástateÝ.‘oátext˜Ýis“the“partialŽ¡‘®dwš²!ord–HÂto“bMÞe“completed.‘¾§ástate‘åÉÝis“zero“the“ rst“time“the“function“is“called,‘[}allo˜wing“the“generatorŽ¡‘®dto–›=pšMÞerform“an²!y“necessary“initialization,‘Ørand“a“p˜ositivš²!e“non-zero“in˜teger“for“eac˜h“subsequen˜tŽ¡‘®dcall.‘VWhen–Îwthe“generator“function“returns“Þ(char‘¦f*)NULL“Ýthis“signals“Þcompletion_matchesŽ¡‘®d()–Ýthat“there“are“no“more“pMÞossibilities“left.‘í°Usually“the“generator“function“computes“the“listŽ¡‘®dof–ÞåpMÞossible“completions“when“ástate‘{ìÝis“zero,‘-and“returns“them“one“at“a“time“on“subsequen²!tŽ¡‘®dcalls.‘º«Eacš²!h–<Ïstring“the“generator“function“returns“as“a“matc˜h“m˜ust“bšMÞe“allo˜cated“with“Þmalloc()Ý;Ž¡‘®dReadline–¦ffrees“the“strings“when“it“has“ nished“with“them.Ž©%6=’Ÿ »F‘ÿeunctionŽŽçint‘™˜ærl‘Óõ‰ˆŠ#ØŽ‘÷Ícomplete‘yšâ(Þint–¦fignore,“int“invoking_keyâ)Ž¡‘èUÝComplete–#the“w²!ord“at“or“bšMÞefore“p˜oinš²!t.‘SñY‘ÿeou“ha˜v˜e“supplied“the“function“that“doMÞes“theŽ¡‘èUinitial– Æsimple“matc²!hing“selection“algorithm“(see“Þcompletion_matches‘¦f()Ý).‘ªýThe“defaultŽ¡‘èUis–¦fto“do“ lename“completion.Ž¦’¢.ÑV‘ÿeariableŽŽçFunction–™˜*“ærl‘Óõ‰ˆŠ#ØŽ–÷Ícompletion‘Óõ‰ˆŠ#ØŽ“enÞtry‘Óõ‰ˆŠ#ØŽ“functionŽ¡‘èUÝThis–.Ðis“a“pMÞoin²!ter“to“the“generator“function“for“Þcompletion_matches‘¦f()Ý.‘wIf“the“v‘ÿdDalueŽ¡‘èUof–HÞrl_completion_entry_function“Ýis“Þ(Function‘¦f*)NULL“Ýthen“the“default“ lenameŽ¡‘èUgenerator–¦ffunction,“Þfilename_entry_function“()Ý,“is“used.ŽŸ.lzëM2.5.2‘d(Completion‘¦MF‘þÄ£unctionsŽŽŸ!‘ÝHere–¦fis“the“complete“list“of“callable“completion“functions“presen²!t“in“Readline.ŽŽŸŒ‹ö¿ŸòÝ30’]*ÿGNU–¦fReadline“LibraryŽŽŽ ƒ3Ú ý¨ðÐ’Ÿ »F‘ÿeunctionŽŽçint‘™˜ærl‘Óõ‰ˆŠ#ØŽ–÷Ícomplete‘Óõ‰ˆŠ#ØŽ“inÞternal‘yšâ(Þint‘¦fwhat_to_doâ)Ž¤‘èUÝComplete–Ͳthe“w²!ord“at“or“bšMÞefore“p˜oinš²!t.‘•¡áwhat‘¨/‰x³HøŽ–ñ'to‘¨/‰x³HøŽ“do‘Z‚Ýsa˜ys–Ͳwhat“to“do“with“the“completion.Ž¡‘èUA‘ãèv‘ÿdDalue–äof“`Þ?Ý'“means“list“the“pMÞossible“completions.‘`ÞTABÝ'“means“do“standard“completion.Ž¡‘èU`Þ*Ý'–h–means“insert“all“of“the“pšMÞossible“completions.‘ÉC`Þ!Ý'“means“to“displa²!y“all“of“the“p˜ossibleŽ¡‘èUcompletions,–¦fif“there“is“more“than“one,“as“w²!ell“as“pMÞerforming“partial“completion.Ž©)Ù’Ÿ »F‘ÿeunctionŽŽçint‘™˜ærl‘Óõ‰ˆŠ#ØŽ‘÷Ícomplete‘yšâ(Þint–¦fignore,“int“invoking_keyâ)Ž¡‘èUÝComplete–mAthe“w²!ord“at“or“bšMÞefore“p˜oinš²!t.‘ 2mY‘ÿeou“ha˜v˜e“supplied“the“function“that“doMÞesŽ¡‘èUthe–êûinitial“simple“matc²!hing“selection“algorithm“(see“Þcompletion_matches‘¦f()“Ýand“Þrl_Ž¡‘èUcompletion_entry_functionÝ).›µ&The–C~default“is“to“do“ lename“completion.˜This“callsŽ¡‘èUÞrl_complete_internal–¦f()“Ýwith“an“argumenš²!t“depMÞending“on“áin˜v˜oking‘¨/‰x³HøŽ‘ñ'k˜eyÝ.Ž¦’Ÿ »F‘ÿeunctionŽŽçint‘™˜ærl‘Óõ‰ˆŠ#ØŽ–÷Ípb"ossible‘Óõ‰ˆŠ#ØŽ“completions‘yšâ(Þint–¦fcount,“int“invoking_keyâ))Ž¡‘èUÝList–bðthe“pMÞossible“completions.› zSee“description“of“Þrl_complete‘¦f()Ý.˜This“calls“Þrl_Ž¡‘èUcomplete_internal–¦f()“Ýwith“an“argumen²!t“of“`Þ?Ý'.Ž¦’Ÿ »F‘ÿeunctionŽŽçint‘™˜ærl‘Óõ‰ˆŠ#ØŽ–÷Íinsert‘Óõ‰ˆŠ#ØŽ“completions‘yšâ(Þint–¦fcount,“int“invoking_keyâ))Ž¡‘èUÝInsert–®Bthe“list“of“pMÞossible“completions“in²!to“the“line,‘ð8deleting“the“partially-completedŽ¡‘èUw²!ord.›S>See–͆description“of“Þrl_complete‘¦f()Ý.˜This“calls“Þrl_complete_internal‘¦f()“ÝwithŽ¡‘èUan–¦fargumen²!t“of“`Þ*Ý'.Ž¦’Ÿ »F‘ÿeunctionŽŽçchar–™˜**“æcompletion‘Óõ‰ˆŠ#ØŽ‘÷ÍmatcÞhes‘yšâ(Þchar–¦f*text,“CPFunctionŽ¡‘2*entry_funcâ)Ž¡‘èUÝReturns–5uan“arraš²!y“of“Þ(char‘¦f*)“Ýwhic˜h“is“a“list“of“completions“for“átextÝ.‘ ‹ If“there“areŽ¡‘èUno–_Æcompletions,‘Žreturns“Þ(char‘¦f**)NULLÝ.‘ üThe“ rst“enš²!try“in“the“returned“arra˜y“is“theŽ¡‘èUsubstitution–_¿for“átextÝ.›ÆPThe“remaining“en²!tries“are“the“pMÞossible“completions.˜The“arra²!y“isŽ¡‘èUterminated–¦fwith“a“ÞNULL“ÝpMÞoin²!ter.ŽŸ!°ó‘èUáenš²!try‘¨/‰x³HøŽ‘ñ'func‘€™Ýis–Ö•a“function“of“t˜w˜o“args,‘%and“returns“a“Þ(char‘¦f*)Ý.‘˜˜The“ rst“argumen˜t“is“átextÝ.Ž¡‘èUThe–q¦second“is“a“state“argumenš²!t;‘ƒ;it“is“zero“on“the“ rst“call,‘|2and“non-zero“on“subsequen˜tŽ¡‘èUcalls.‘Τáenš²!try‘¨/‰x³HøŽ‘ñ'func‘"¾Ýreturns–xºa“ÞNULL“ÝpMÞoin˜ter“to“the“caller“when“there“are“no“more“matc˜hes.Ž¦’Ÿ »F‘ÿeunctionŽŽçchar–™˜*“æ lename‘Óõ‰ˆŠ#ØŽ–÷Ícompletion‘Óõ‰ˆŠ#ØŽ“function‘yšâ(Þchar–¦f*text,“int“stateâ)Ž¡‘èUÝA‘ 2generator– Xfunction“for“ lename“completion“in“the“general“case.‘ªÙNote“that“completionŽ¡‘èUin–ZBash“is“a“little“di erenš²!t“bMÞecause“of“all“the“pathnames“that“m˜ust“bMÞe“follo˜w˜ed“whenŽ¡‘èUloMÞoking–7Éup“completions“for“a“command.‘ ’The“Bash“source“is“a“useful“reference“forŽ¡‘èUwriting–¦fcustom“completion“functions.ŽŽŸŒ‹ŸòÝChapter–¦f2:‘ÝÝProgramming“with“GNU“Readline’î¹–31ŽŽŽ ƒ3Ú ý¨ðÐ’Ÿ »F‘ÿeunctionŽŽçchar–™˜*“æusername‘Óõ‰ˆŠ#ØŽ–÷Ícompletion‘Óõ‰ˆŠ#ØŽ“function‘yšâ(Þchar–¦f*text,“int“stateâ)Ž¤‘èUÝA‘`completion–xgenerator“for“usernames.‘þátext‘CxÝconš²!tains“a“partial“username“preceded“b˜yŽ¡‘èUa–%random“c²!haracter“(usually“`Þ~Ý').‘YÕAs“with“all“completion“generators,‘D¸ástate‘ÂÝis“zero“onŽ¡‘èUthe–¦f rst“call“and“non-zero“for“subsequen²!t“calls.ŽŸ.CÌëM2.5.3‘d(Completion‘¦MV‘þÄ£ariablesŽŽ©%!æ’¢.ÑÝV‘ÿeariableŽŽçFunction–™˜*“ærl‘Óõ‰ˆŠ#ØŽ–÷Ícompletion‘Óõ‰ˆŠ#ØŽ“enÞtry‘Óõ‰ˆŠ#ØŽ“functionŽ¡‘èUÝA‘#¡pMÞoin²!ter–#Âto“the“generator“function“for“Þcompletion_matches‘¦f()Ý.‘UðÞNULL“Ýmeans“to“useŽ¡‘èUÞfilename_entry_function–¦f()Ý,“the“default“ lename“completer.Ž¦’¢.ÑV‘ÿeariableŽŽçCPPFunction–™˜*“ærl‘Óõ‰ˆŠ#ØŽ–÷Íattempted‘Óõ‰ˆŠ#ØŽ“completion‘Óõ‰ˆŠ#ØŽ“functionŽ¡‘èUÝA‘§ÀpMÞoinš²!ter–¨to“an“alternativ˜e“function“to“create“matc˜hes.‘â±The“function“is“called“withŽ¡‘èUátextÝ,–Ð4ástartÝ,“and–”¥áendÝ.‘¨™ástart‘Ñ¥Ýand“áend‘÷Ýare“indices“in“Þrl_line_buffer“Ýsa²!ying“what“theŽ¡‘èUbMÞoundaries–9of“átext‘vÝare.‘¹fIf“this“function“exists“and“returns“ÞNULLÝ,‘Nâor“if“this“v‘ÿdDariable“is“setŽ¡‘èUto–µÑÞNULLÝ,‘¹¬then“Þrl_complete‘¦f()“Ýwill“call“the“v‘ÿdDalue“of“Þrl_completion_entry_functionŽ¡‘èUÝto–¦fgenerate“matcš²!hes,“otherwise“the“arra˜y“of“strings“returned“will“bMÞe“used.Ž¦’¢.ÑV‘ÿeariableŽŽçint‘™˜ærl‘Óõ‰ˆŠ#ØŽ–÷Ícompletion‘Óõ‰ˆŠ#ØŽ“query‘Óõ‰ˆŠ#ØŽ“itemsŽ¡‘èUÝUp–ç”to“this“manš²!y“items“will“bMÞe“displa˜y˜ed“in“respšMÞonse“to“a“p˜ossible-completions“call.Ž¡‘èUAfter–ÒRthat,‘ÝLwš²!e“ask“the“user“if“she“is“sure“she“w˜an˜ts“to“see“them“all.‘a The“default“v‘ÿdDalueŽ¡‘èUis‘¦f100.Ž¦’¢.ÑV‘ÿeariableŽŽçchar–™˜*“ærl‘Óõ‰ˆŠ#ØŽ–÷Íbasic‘Óõ‰ˆŠ#ØŽ“wšÞord‘Óõ‰ˆŠ#ØŽ“break‘Óõ‰ˆŠ#ØŽ“c˜haractersŽ¡‘èUÝThe–Ëabasic“list“of“cš²!haracters“that“signal“a“break“bMÞet˜w˜een“w˜ords“for“the“completer“routine.Ž¡‘èUThe–¿default“v›ÿdDalue“of“this“v˜ariable“is“the“cš²!haracters“whic˜h“break“w˜ords“for“completionŽ¡‘èUin–¦fBash,“i.e.,“Þ"“\t\n\"\\'`@$><=;|&{("Ý.Ž¦’¢.ÑV‘ÿeariableŽŽçchar–™˜*“ærl‘Óõ‰ˆŠ#ØŽ–÷Ícompleter‘Óõ‰ˆŠ#ØŽ“wšÞord‘Óõ‰ˆŠ#ØŽ“break‘Óõ‰ˆŠ#ØŽ“c˜haractersŽ¡‘èUÝThe–Iflist“of“cš²!haracters“that“signal“a“break“bMÞet˜w˜een“w˜ords“for“Þrl_complete_internalŽ¡‘èU()Ý.‘ÝÝThe–¦fdefault“list“is“the“v‘ÿdDalue“of“Þrl_basic_word_break_charactersÝ.Ž¦’¢.ÑV‘ÿeariableŽŽçchar–™˜*“ærl‘Óõ‰ˆŠ#ØŽ–÷Ícompleter‘Óõ‰ˆŠ#ØŽ“quote‘Óõ‰ˆŠ#ØŽ“cÞharactersŽ¡‘èUÝList–Wof“cš²!haracters“whic˜h“can“bMÞe“used“to“quote“a“substring“of“the“line.‘ ¯CompletionŽ¡‘èUoMÞccurs–ôêon“the“en²!tire“substring,‘Šand“within“the“substring“Þrl_completer_word_break_Ž¡‘èUcharacters–ÏfÝare“treated“as“anš²!y“other“c˜haracter,‘¥unless“they“also“appMÞear“within“thisŽ¡‘èUlist.ŽŽŸŒ‹ ÁŸòÝ32’]*ÿGNU–¦fReadline“LibraryŽŽŽ ƒ3Ú ý¨ðÐ’¢.ÑV‘ÿeariableŽŽçchar–™˜*“ærl‘Óõ‰ˆŠ#ØŽ–÷Íspb"ecial‘Óõ‰ˆŠ#ØŽ“pre xesŽ¤‘èUÝThe–Ïqlist“of“cš²!haracters“that“are“w˜ord“break“c˜haracters,‘Ù´but“should“bMÞe“left“in“átext‘ qÝwhenŽ¡‘èUit–eis“passed“to“the“completion“function.‘ÐÝPrograms“can“use“this“to“help“determine“whatŽ¡‘èUkind–ïáof“completing“to“do.‘ºOF‘ÿeor“instance,‘@Bash“sets“this“v‘ÿdDariable“to“Þ"Ý$Þ@"“Ýso“that“it“canŽ¡‘èUcomplete–¦fshell“v‘ÿdDariables“and“hostnames.Ž©5bÓ’¢.ÑV‘ÿeariableŽŽçint‘™˜ærl‘Óõ‰ˆŠ#ØŽ–÷Íignore‘Óõ‰ˆŠ#ØŽ“completion‘Óõ‰ˆŠ#ØŽ“duplicatesŽ¡‘èUÝIf–¦fnon-zero,“then“disalloš²!w“duplicates“in“the“matc˜hes.‘ÝÝDefault“is“1.Ž¦’¢.ÑV‘ÿeariableŽŽçint‘™˜ærl‘Óõ‰ˆŠ#ØŽ–÷Í lename‘Óõ‰ˆŠ#ØŽ“completion‘Óõ‰ˆŠ#ØŽ“desiredŽ¡‘èUÝNon-zero–D¬means“that“the“results“of“the“matc²!hes“are“to“bMÞe“treated“as“ lenames.‘¸®ThisŽ¡‘èUis›¶táalw•²!a“ys‘)öÝzero˜on˜en“try‘ÿe,‘ºxand˜can˜only˜bMÞe˜c“hanged˜within˜a˜completion˜en“try˜generatorŽ¡‘èUfunction.‘>@If–Üit“is“set“to“a“non-zero“v‘ÿdDalue,‘9:directory“names“ha•²!v“e–Üa“slash“appMÞended“andŽ¡‘èUReadline–`¹attempts“to“quote“completed“ lenames“if“they“conš²!tain“an˜y“em˜bMÞedded“w˜ordŽ¡‘èUbreak‘¦fc²!haracters.Ž¦’¢.ÑV‘ÿeariableŽŽçint‘™˜ærl‘Óõ‰ˆŠ#ØŽ–÷Í lename‘Óõ‰ˆŠ#ØŽ“quoting‘Óõ‰ˆŠ#ØŽ“desiredŽ¡‘èUÝNon-zero–â—means“that“the“results“of“the“matc²!hes“are“to“bMÞe“quoted“using“double“quotesŽ¡‘èU(or–›ªan“application-spMÞeci c“quoting“mecš²!hanism)“if“the“completed“ lename“con˜tains“an˜yŽ¡‘èUcš²!haracters–ÅØin“Þrl_completer_word_break_charsÝ.‘“This“is“áalw˜a˜ys‘9ZÝnon-zero“on“en˜try‘ÿe,‘òÂandŽ¡‘èUcan–¦fonly“bMÞe“cš²!hanged“within“a“completion“en˜try“generator“function.Ž¦’¢.ÑV‘ÿeariableŽŽçFunction–™˜*“ærl‘Óõ‰ˆŠ#ØŽ–÷Íignore‘Óõ‰ˆŠ#ØŽ“some‘Óõ‰ˆŠ#ØŽ“completions‘Óõ‰ˆŠ#ØŽ“functionŽ¡‘èUÝThis–.function,›Oüif“de ned,˜is“called“b²!y“the“completer“when“real“ lename“completion“isŽ¡‘èUdone,‘’after–ì]all“the“matcš²!hing“names“ha˜v˜e“bMÞeen“generated.‘ŸÚIt“is“passed“a“ÞNULL“ÝterminatedŽ¡‘èUarraš²!y–)·of“matc˜hes.‘gÑThe“ rst“elemen˜t“(Þmatches[0]Ý)“is“the“maximal“substring“commonŽ¡‘èUto–ã×all“matcš²!hes.‘–/This“function“can“re-arrange“the“list“of“matc˜hes“as“required,‘ó3but“eac˜hŽ¡‘èUelemenš²!t–¦fdeleted“from“the“arra˜y“m˜ust“bMÞe“freed.Ž¦’¢.ÑV‘ÿeariableŽŽçFunction–™˜*“ærl‘Óõ‰ˆŠ#ØŽ–÷Ídirectory‘Óõ‰ˆŠ#ØŽ“completion‘Óõ‰ˆŠ#ØŽ“hob"okŽ¡‘èUÝThis–z¨function,›ƒgif“de ned,˜is“allo•²!w“ed–z¨to“mošMÞdify“the“directory“p˜ortion“of“ lenames“Read-Ž¡‘èUline–]-completes.‘ÅuIt“is“called“with“the“address“of“a“string“(the“curren²!t“directory“name)“asŽ¡‘èUan–Çpargumenš²!t.‘“‹It“could“bMÞe“used“to“expand“sym˜bMÞolic“links“or“shell“v‘ÿdDariables“in“pathnames.ŽŽŸŒ‹!°ŸòÝChapter–¦f2:‘ÝÝProgramming“with“GNU“Readline’î¹–33ŽŽŽ ƒ3Ú ý¨ðÐëM2.5.4‘d(A–¦MShort“Completion“ExampleŽŽŸ!‘ÝHere–Âis“a“small“application“demonstrating“the“use“of“the“GNU‘ÁÏReadline“library‘ÿe.‘0ôIt“is“calledŽ¤ÞfilemanÝ,‘°·and–®¦the“source“coMÞde“resides“in“`Þexamples/fileman.cÝ'.‘öžThis“sample“application“pro²!videsŽ¡completion–¦fof“command“names,“line“editing“features,“and“access“to“the“history“list.ŽŽŸŒ‹"(ŸòÝ34’]*ÿGNU–¦fReadline“LibraryŽŽŽ ƒ3Ú ý¨ðБèUÞ/*–¿ªfileman.c“--“A“tiny“application“which“demonstrates“how“to“use“theŽ¤ ‘.'SGNU–¿ªReadline“library.‘ TThis“application“interactively“allows“usersŽ¡‘.'Sto–¿ªmanipulate“files“and“their“modes.“*/Ž©‘èU#include‘¿ªŽ¡‘èU#include‘¿ªŽ¡‘èU#include‘¿ªŽ¡‘èU#include‘¿ªŽ¡‘èU#include‘¿ªŽ¦‘èU#include‘¿ªŽ¡‘èU#include‘¿ªŽ¦‘èUextern–¿ªchar“*getwd“();Ž¡‘èUextern–¿ªchar“*xmalloc“();Ž¦‘èU/*–¿ªThe“names“of“functions“that“actually“do“the“manipulation.“*/Ž¡‘èUint–¿ªcom_list“(),“com_view“(),“com_rename“(),“com_stat“(),“com_pwd“();Ž¡‘èUint–¿ªcom_delete“(),“com_help“(),“com_cd“(),“com_quit“();Ž¦‘èU/*–¿ªA“structure“which“contains“information“on“the“commands“this“programŽ¡‘.'Scan–¿ªunderstand.“*/Ž¦‘èUtypedef–¿ªstruct“{Ž¡‘(g©char–¿ª*name;“/*“User“printable“name“of“the“function.“*/Ž¡‘(g©Function–¿ª*func;“/*“Function“to“call“to“do“the“job.“*/Ž¡‘(g©char–¿ª*doc;“/*“Documentation“for“this“function.‘ T*/Ž¡‘èU}‘¿ªCOMMAND;Ž¦‘èUCOMMAND–¿ªcommands[]“=“{Ž¡‘(g©{–¿ª"cd",“com_cd,“"Change“to“directory“DIR"“},Ž¡‘(g©{–¿ª"delete",“com_delete,“"Delete“FILE"“},Ž¡‘(g©{–¿ª"help",“com_help,“"Display“this“text"“},Ž¡‘(g©{–¿ª"?",“com_help,“"Synonym“for“`help'"“},Ž¡‘(g©{–¿ª"list",“com_list,“"List“files“in“DIR"“},Ž¡‘(g©{–¿ª"ls",“com_list,“"Synonym“for“`list'"“},Ž¡‘(g©{–¿ª"pwd",“com_pwd,“"Print“the“current“working“directory"“},Ž¡‘(g©{–¿ª"quit",“com_quit,“"Quit“using“Fileman"“},Ž¡‘(g©{–¿ª"rename",“com_rename,“"Rename“FILE“to“NEWNAME"“},Ž¡‘(g©{–¿ª"stat",“com_stat,“"Print“out“statistics“on“FILE"“},Ž¡‘(g©{–¿ª"view",“com_view,“"View“the“contents“of“FILE"“},Ž¡‘(g©{–¿ª(char“*)NULL,“(Function“*)NULL,“(char“*)NULL“}Ž¡‘èU};Ž¦‘èU/*–¿ªForward“declarations.“*/Ž¡‘èUchar–¿ª*stripwhite“();Ž¡‘èUCOMMAND–¿ª*find_command“();Ž¦‘èU/*–¿ªThe“name“of“this“program,“as“taken“from“argv[0].“*/Ž¡‘èUchar‘¿ª*progname;ŽŽŸŒ‹#*ŸòÝChapter–¦f2:‘ÝÝProgramming“with“GNU“Readline’î¹–35ŽŽŽ ƒ3Ú ý´ðБèUÞ/*–¿ªWhen“non-zero,“this“global“means“the“user“is“done“using“this“program.“*/Ž¤ ‘èUint‘¿ªdone;Ž©‘èUchar‘¿ª*Ž¡‘èUdupstr‘¿ª(s)Ž¡‘9¦§int‘¿ªs;Ž¡‘èU{Ž¡‘(g©char‘¿ª*r;Ž¦‘(g©r–¿ª=“xmalloc“(strlen“(s)“+“1);Ž¡‘(g©strcpy–¿ª(r,“s);Ž¡‘(g©return‘¿ª(r);Ž¡‘èU}Ž¦‘èUmain–¿ª(argc,“argv)Ž¡‘9¦§int‘¿ªargc;Ž¡‘9¦§char‘¿ª**argv;Ž¡‘èU{Ž¡‘(g©char–¿ª*line,“*s;Ž¦‘(g©progname–¿ª=“argv[0];Ž¦‘(g©initialize_readline–¿ª();“/*“Bind“our“completer.“*/Ž¦‘(g©/*–¿ªLoop“reading“and“executing“lines“until“the“user“quits.“*/Ž¡‘(g©for–¿ª(“;“done“==“0;“)Ž¡‘3æý{Ž¡‘?fQline–¿ª=“readline“("FileMan:“");Ž¦‘?fQif‘¿ª(!line)Ž¡‘Jå¥break;Ž¦‘?fQ/*–¿ªRemove“leading“and“trailing“whitespace“from“the“line.Ž¡‘P¥OThen,–¿ªif“there“is“anything“left,“add“it“to“the“history“listŽ¡‘P¥Oand–¿ªexecute“it.“*/Ž¡‘?fQs–¿ª=“stripwhite“(line);Ž¦‘?fQif‘¿ª(*s)Ž¡‘Jå¥{Ž¡‘Vdùadd_history‘¿ª(s);Ž¡‘Vdùexecute_line‘¿ª(s);Ž¡‘Jå¥}Ž¦‘?fQfree‘¿ª(line);Ž¡‘3æý}Ž¡‘(g©exit‘¿ª(0);Ž¡‘èU}Ž¦‘èU/*–¿ªExecute“a“command“line.“*/ŽŽŸŒ‹$2 ŸòÝ36’]*ÿGNU–¦fReadline“LibraryŽŽŽ ƒ3Ú ý¨ðБèUÞintŽ¤ ‘èUexecute_line‘¿ª(line)Ž¡‘9¦§char‘¿ª*line;Ž¡‘èU{Ž¡‘(g©register–¿ªint“i;Ž¡‘(g©COMMAND‘¿ª*command;Ž¡‘(g©char‘¿ª*word;Ž©‘(g©/*–¿ªIsolate“the“command“word.“*/Ž¡‘(g©i–¿ª=“0;Ž¡‘(g©while–¿ª(line[i]“&&“whitespace“(line[i]))Ž¡‘3æýi++;Ž¡‘(g©word–¿ª=“line“+“i;Ž¦‘(g©while–¿ª(line[i]“&&“!whitespace“(line[i]))Ž¡‘3æýi++;Ž¦‘(g©if‘¿ª(line[i])Ž¡‘3æýline[i++]–¿ª=“'\0';Ž¦‘(g©command–¿ª=“find_command“(word);Ž¦‘(g©if‘¿ª(!command)Ž¡‘3æý{Ž¡‘?fQfprintf–¿ª(stderr,“"%s:“No“such“command“for“FileMan.\n",“word);Ž¡‘?fQreturn‘¿ª(-1);Ž¡‘3æý}Ž¦‘(g©/*–¿ªGet“argument“to“command,“if“any.“*/Ž¡‘(g©while–¿ª(whitespace“(line[i]))Ž¡‘3æýi++;Ž¦‘(g©word–¿ª=“line“+“i;Ž¦‘(g©/*–¿ªCall“the“function.“*/Ž¡‘(g©return–¿ª((*(command->func))“(word));Ž¡‘èU}Ž¦‘èU/*–¿ªLook“up“NAME“as“the“name“of“a“command,“and“return“a“pointer“to“thatŽ¡‘.'Scommand.‘ TReturn–¿ªa“NULL“pointer“if“NAME“isn't“a“command“name.“*/Ž¡‘èUCOMMAND‘¿ª*Ž¡‘èUfind_command‘¿ª(name)Ž¡‘9¦§char‘¿ª*name;Ž¡‘èU{Ž¡‘(g©register–¿ªint“i;Ž¦‘(g©for–¿ª(i“=“0;“commands[i].name;“i++)Ž¡‘3æýif–¿ª(strcmp“(name,“commands[i].name)“==“0)Ž¡‘?fQreturn‘¿ª(&commands[i]);ŽŽŸŒ‹%6¡ŸòÝChapter–¦f2:‘ÝÝProgramming“with“GNU“Readline’î¹–37ŽŽŽ ƒ3Ú ý´ðБ(g©Þreturn–¿ª((COMMAND“*)NULL);Ž¤ ‘èU}Ž©‘èU/*–¿ªStrip“whitespace“from“the“start“and“end“of“STRING.‘ TReturn“a“pointerŽ¡‘.'Sinto–¿ªSTRING.“*/Ž¡‘èUchar‘¿ª*Ž¡‘èUstripwhite‘¿ª(string)Ž¡‘9¦§char‘¿ª*string;Ž¡‘èU{Ž¡‘(g©register–¿ªchar“*s,“*t;Ž¦‘(g©for–¿ª(s“=“string;“whitespace“(*s);“s++)Ž¡‘3æý;Ž¦‘(g©if–¿ª(*s“==“0)Ž¡‘3æýreturn‘¿ª(s);Ž¦‘(g©t–¿ª=“s“+“strlen“(s)“-“1;Ž¡‘(g©while–¿ª(t“>“s“&&“whitespace“(*t))Ž¡‘3æýt--;Ž¡‘(g©*++t–¿ª=“'\0';Ž¦‘(g©return‘¿ªs;Ž¡‘èU}Ž¦‘èU/*–¿ª****************************************************************“*/Ž¡‘èU/*’{iÔ*/Ž¡‘èU/*‘gyôInterface–¿ªto“Readline“Completion‘[ú */Ž¡‘èU/*’{iÔ*/Ž¡‘èU/*–¿ª****************************************************************“*/Ž¦‘èUchar–¿ª*command_generator“();Ž¡‘èUchar–¿ª**fileman_completion“();Ž¦‘èU/*–¿ªTell“the“GNU“Readline“library“how“to“complete.‘ TWe“want“to“try“to“completeŽ¡‘.'Son–¿ªcommand“names“if“this“is“the“first“word“in“the“line,“or“on“filenamesŽ¡‘.'Sif–¿ªnot.“*/Ž¡‘èUinitialize_readline‘¿ª()Ž¡‘èU{Ž¡‘(g©/*–¿ªAllow“conditional“parsing“of“the“~/.inputrc“file.“*/Ž¡‘(g©rl_readline_name–¿ª=“"FileMan";Ž¦‘(g©/*–¿ªTell“the“completer“that“we“want“a“crack“first.“*/Ž¡‘(g©rl_attempted_completion_function–¿ª=“(CPPFunction“*)fileman_completion;Ž¡‘èU}ŽŽŸŒ‹&;—ŸòÝ38’]*ÿGNU–¦fReadline“LibraryŽŽŽ ƒ3Ú ý¨ðБèUÞ/*–¿ªAttempt“to“complete“on“the“contents“of“TEXT.‘ TSTART“and“END“show“theŽ¤ ‘.'Sregion–¿ªof“TEXT“that“contains“the“word“to“complete.‘ TWe“can“use“theŽ¡‘.'Sentire–¿ªline“in“case“we“want“to“do“some“simple“parsing.‘ TReturn“theŽ¡‘.'Sarray–¿ªof“matches,“or“NULL“if“there“aren't“any.“*/Ž¡‘èUchar‘¿ª**Ž¡‘èUfileman_completion–¿ª(text,“start,“end)Ž¡‘9¦§char‘¿ª*text;Ž¡‘9¦§int–¿ªstart,“end;Ž¡‘èU{Ž¡‘(g©char‘¿ª**matches;Ž¤‘(g©matches–¿ª=“(char“**)NULL;Ž¡‘(g©/*–¿ªIf“this“word“is“at“the“start“of“the“line,“then“it“is“a“commandŽ¤ ‘9¦§to–¿ªcomplete.‘ TOtherwise“it“is“the“name“of“a“file“in“the“currentŽ¡‘9¦§directory.‘¿ª*/Ž¡‘(g©if–¿ª(start“==“0)Ž¡‘3æýmatches–¿ª=“completion_matches“(text,“command_generator);Ž©‘(g©return‘¿ª(matches);Ž¡‘èU}Ž¦‘èU/*–¿ªGenerator“function“for“command“completion.‘ TSTATE“lets“us“know“whetherŽ¡‘.'Sto–¿ªstart“from“scratch;“without“any“state“(i.e.“STATE“==“0),“then“weŽ¡‘.'Sstart–¿ªat“the“top“of“the“list.“*/Ž¡‘èUchar‘¿ª*Ž¡‘èUcommand_generator–¿ª(text,“state)Ž¡‘9¦§char‘¿ª*text;Ž¡‘9¦§int‘¿ªstate;Ž¡‘èU{Ž¡‘(g©static–¿ªint“list_index,“len;Ž¡‘(g©char‘¿ª*name;Ž¦‘(g©/*–¿ªIf“this“is“a“new“word“to“complete,“initialize“now.‘ TThis“includesŽ¡‘9¦§saving–¿ªthe“length“of“TEXT“for“efficiency,“and“initializing“the“indexŽ¡‘9¦§variable–¿ªto“0.“*/Ž¡‘(g©if‘¿ª(!state)Ž¡‘3æý{Ž¡‘?fQlist_index–¿ª=“0;Ž¡‘?fQlen–¿ª=“strlen“(text);Ž¡‘3æý}Ž¦‘(g©/*–¿ªReturn“the“next“name“which“partially“matches“from“the“command“list.“*/Ž¡‘(g©while–¿ª(name“=“commands[list_index].name)Ž¡‘3æý{Ž¡‘?fQlist_index++;Ž¦‘?fQif–¿ª(strncmp“(name,“text,“len)“==“0)Ž¡‘Jå¥return‘¿ª(dupstr(name));Ž¡‘3æý}ŽŽŸŒ‹'A,ŸòÝChapter–¦f2:‘ÝÝProgramming“with“GNU“Readline’î¹–39ŽŽŽ ƒ3Ú ý´ðБ(g©Þ/*–¿ªIf“no“names“matched,“then“return“NULL.“*/Ž¤ ‘(g©return–¿ª((char“*)NULL);Ž¡‘èU}Ž©‘èU/*–¿ª****************************************************************“*/Ž¡‘èU/*’{iÔ*/Ž¡‘èU/*’„8FFileMan‘¿ªCommands’›6î*/Ž¡‘èU/*’{iÔ*/Ž¡‘èU/*–¿ª****************************************************************“*/Ž¦‘èU/*–¿ªString“to“pass“to“system“().‘ TThis“is“for“the“LIST,“VIEW“and“RENAMEŽ¡‘.'Scommands.‘¿ª*/Ž¡‘èUstatic–¿ªchar“syscom[1024];Ž¦‘èU/*–¿ªList“the“file(s)“named“in“arg.“*/Ž¡‘èUcom_list‘¿ª(arg)Ž¡‘9¦§char‘¿ª*arg;Ž¡‘èU{Ž¡‘(g©if‘¿ª(!arg)Ž¡‘3æýarg–¿ª=“"";Ž¦‘(g©sprintf–¿ª(syscom,“"ls“-FClg“%s",“arg);Ž¡‘(g©return–¿ª(system“(syscom));Ž¡‘èU}Ž¦‘èUcom_view‘¿ª(arg)Ž¡‘9¦§char‘¿ª*arg;Ž¡‘èU{Ž¡‘(g©if–¿ª(!valid_argument“("view",“arg))Ž¡‘3æýreturn‘¿ª1;Ž¦‘(g©sprintf–¿ª(syscom,“"more“%s",“arg);Ž¡‘(g©return–¿ª(system“(syscom));Ž¡‘èU}Ž¦‘èUcom_rename‘¿ª(arg)Ž¡‘9¦§char‘¿ª*arg;Ž¡‘èU{Ž¡‘(g©too_dangerous‘¿ª("rename");Ž¡‘(g©return‘¿ª(1);Ž¡‘èU}Ž¦‘èUcom_stat‘¿ª(arg)Ž¡‘9¦§char‘¿ª*arg;Ž¡‘èU{Ž¡‘(g©struct–¿ªstat“finfo;Ž¦‘(g©if–¿ª(!valid_argument“("stat",“arg))Ž¡‘3æýreturn‘¿ª(1);ŽŽŸŒ‹(HŸòÝ40’]*ÿGNU–¦fReadline“LibraryŽŽŽ ƒ3Ú ý´ðБ(g©Þif–¿ª(stat“(arg,“&finfo)“==“-1)Ž¤ ‘3æý{Ž¡‘?fQperror‘¿ª(arg);Ž¡‘?fQreturn‘¿ª(1);Ž¡‘3æý}Ž¤‘(g©printf–¿ª("Statistics“for“`%s':\n",“arg);Ž¡‘(g©printf–¿ª("%s“has“%d“link%s,“and“is“%d“byte%s“in“length.\n",“arg,Ž¤ ‘Vdùfinfo.st_nlink,Ž¡‘Vdù(finfo.st_nlink–¿ª==“1)“?“""“:“"s",Ž¡‘Vdùfinfo.st_size,Ž¡‘Vdù(finfo.st_size–¿ª==“1)“?“""“:“"s");Ž¡‘(g©printf–¿ª("Inode“Last“Change“at:“%s",“ctime“(&finfo.st_ctime));Ž¡‘(g©printf–¿ª("‘"}üLast“access“at:“%s",“ctime“(&finfo.st_atime));Ž¡‘(g©printf–¿ª("‘þ¨Last“modified“at:“%s",“ctime“(&finfo.st_mtime));Ž¡‘(g©return‘¿ª(0);Ž¡‘èU}Ž©‘èUcom_delete‘¿ª(arg)Ž¡‘9¦§char‘¿ª*arg;Ž¡‘èU{Ž¡‘(g©too_dangerous‘¿ª("delete");Ž¡‘(g©return‘¿ª(1);Ž¡‘èU}Ž¦‘èU/*–¿ªPrint“out“help“for“ARG,“or“for“all“of“the“commands“if“ARG“isŽ¡‘.'Snot–¿ªpresent.“*/Ž¡‘èUcom_help‘¿ª(arg)Ž¡‘9¦§char‘¿ª*arg;Ž¡‘èU{Ž¡‘(g©register–¿ªint“i;Ž¡‘(g©int–¿ªprinted“=“0;Ž¦‘(g©for–¿ª(i“=“0;“commands[i].name;“i++)Ž¡‘3æý{Ž¡‘?fQif–¿ª(!*arg“||“(strcmp“(arg,“commands[i].name)“==“0))Ž¡‘Jå¥{Ž¡‘Vdùprintf–¿ª("%s\t\t%s.\n",“commands[i].name,“commands[i].doc);Ž¡‘Vdùprinted++;Ž¡‘Jå¥}Ž¡‘3æý}Ž¦‘(g©if‘¿ª(!printed)Ž¡‘3æý{Ž¡‘?fQprintf–¿ª("No“commands“match“`%s'.‘ TPossibilties“are:\n",“arg);ŽŽŸŒ‹)M&ŸòÝChapter–¦f2:‘ÝÝProgramming“with“GNU“Readline’î¹–41ŽŽŽ ƒ3Ú ý´ðБ?fQÞfor–¿ª(i“=“0;“commands[i].name;“i++)Ž¤ ‘Jå¥{Ž¡‘Vdù/*–¿ªPrint“in“six“columns.“*/Ž¡‘Vdùif–¿ª(printed“==“6)Ž¡‘aäM{Ž¡‘mc¡printed–¿ª=“0;Ž¡‘mc¡printf‘¿ª("\n");Ž¡‘aäM}Ž©‘Vdùprintf–¿ª("%s\t",“commands[i].name);Ž¡‘Vdùprinted++;Ž¡‘Jå¥}Ž¦‘?fQif‘¿ª(printed)Ž¡‘Jå¥printf‘¿ª("\n");Ž¡‘3æý}Ž¡‘(g©return‘¿ª(0);Ž¡‘èU}Ž¦‘èU/*–¿ªChange“to“the“directory“ARG.“*/Ž¡‘èUcom_cd‘¿ª(arg)Ž¡‘9¦§char‘¿ª*arg;Ž¡‘èU{Ž¡‘(g©if–¿ª(chdir“(arg)“==“-1)Ž¡‘3æý{Ž¡‘?fQperror‘¿ª(arg);Ž¡‘?fQreturn‘¿ª1;Ž¡‘3æý}Ž¦‘(g©com_pwd‘¿ª("");Ž¡‘(g©return‘¿ª(0);Ž¡‘èU}Ž¦‘èU/*–¿ªPrint“out“the“current“working“directory.“*/Ž¡‘èUcom_pwd‘¿ª(ignore)Ž¡‘9¦§char‘¿ª*ignore;Ž¡‘èU{Ž¡‘(g©char–¿ªdir[1024],“*s;Ž¦‘(g©s–¿ª=“getwd“(dir);Ž¡‘(g©if–¿ª(s“==“0)Ž¡‘3æý{Ž¡‘?fQprintf–¿ª("Error“getting“pwd:“%s\n",“dir);Ž¡‘?fQreturn‘¿ª1;Ž¡‘3æý}Ž¦‘(g©printf–¿ª("Current“directory“is“%s\n",“dir);Ž¡‘(g©return‘¿ª0;Ž¡‘èU}ŽŽŸŒ‹*RlŸòÝ42’]*ÿGNU–¦fReadline“LibraryŽŽŽ ƒ3Ú ý´ðБèUÞ/*–¿ªThe“user“wishes“to“quit“using“this“program.‘ TJust“set“DONE“non-zero.“*/Ž¤ ‘èUcom_quit‘¿ª(arg)Ž¡‘9¦§char‘¿ª*arg;Ž¡‘èU{Ž¡‘(g©done–¿ª=“1;Ž¡‘(g©return‘¿ª(0);Ž¡‘èU}Ž©‘èU/*–¿ªFunction“which“tells“you“that“you“can't“do“this.“*/Ž¡‘èUtoo_dangerous‘¿ª(caller)Ž¡‘9¦§char‘¿ª*caller;Ž¡‘èU{Ž¡‘(g©fprintf‘¿ª(stderr,Ž¡‘\$£"%s:–¿ªToo“dangerous“for“me“to“distribute.‘ TWrite“it“yourself.\n",Ž¡‘\$£caller);Ž¡‘èU}Ž¦‘èU/*–¿ªReturn“non-zero“if“ARG“is“a“valid“argument“for“CALLER,“else“printŽ¡‘.'San–¿ªerror“message“and“return“zero.“*/Ž¡‘èUintŽ¡‘èUvalid_argument–¿ª(caller,“arg)Ž¡‘9¦§char–¿ª*caller,“*arg;Ž¡‘èU{Ž¡‘(g©if–¿ª(!arg“||“!*arg)Ž¡‘3æý{Ž¡‘?fQfprintf–¿ª(stderr,“"%s:“Argument“required.\n",“caller);Ž¡‘?fQreturn‘¿ª(0);Ž¡‘3æý}Ž¦‘(g©return‘¿ª(1);Ž¡‘èU}ŽŽŸŒ‹+V‡ŸòÝConcept‘¦fIndex’„ظ43ŽŽŽ ƒ3Ú ý¨ðÐèConcept‘¦MIndexŽŽ ƒ\(Ÿ¸ëEIŽ¤óo´‹Ç cmr9¬in¾9teraction,‘Treadlinea)‘ÅUó5ùž" cmmi9²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘’ä¬1ŽŸëEKŽ¡¬Kill‘Tring‘K‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘}I¬3ŽŸKilling‘Ttext‘,ä‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘^Ÿ¬3ŽŽŸ¸’ô¢ ëERŽ¤’ô¢ ¬readline,‘Tfunction‘)š‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘[U¬15ŽŸ(’ô¢ ëEYŽ¡’ô¢ ¬Y‘ÿ:«anking‘TtextF¬‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘xf¬3ŽŽŽŽŸŒ‹,ZŸòÝ44’]*ÿGNU–¦fReadline“LibraryŽŽŽ ƒ3ÚŸŒ‹-a³ŸòÝF›ÿeunction–¦fand“V˜ariable“Index’A¿R45ŽŽŽ ƒ3Ú ý¨ðÐèF›þaGunction–¦Mand“V˜ariable“IndexŽŽŸ ÛVŸ,$ªëE$Ž©óߤN cmtt9É$elseHº‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘zu¬8Ž¤É$endif‘_‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘ :¬8Ž¡É$if‘åà‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘›¬7ŽŸCÌëEAŽ¦Éabort‘T(C-g)‘Ú‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘A•¬13Ž¡Éaccept-line–T(Newline,“Return)‘¹Ü‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘ë—¬9Ž¡Éalphabetic‘ŒL‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘¾¬26ŽŸCÌëEBŽ¦Ébackward-char‘T(C-b)‘ëA‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘ü¬8Ž¡Ébackward-delete-char‘T(Rubout)‘´,‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘åç¬10Ž¡Ébackward-kill-line–T(C-x“Rubout)‘é'‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘ â¬11Ž¡Ébackward-kill-word‘T(M-DEL)‘‘­‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘Ãh¬11Ž¡Ébackward-word‘T(M-b)‘ëA‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘ü¬8Ž¡Ébeginning-of-history‘T(M-<)‘Ót‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘/¬9Ž¡Ébeginning-of-line‘T(C-a)‘¿-‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘ðè¬8Ž¡bAÇell-st¾9yle•‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘PO¬5ŽŸCÌëECŽ¦Écall-last-kbd-macro–T(C-x“e)‘;‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘Fö¬12Ž¡Écapitalize-word‘T(M-c) T‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘>¬11Ž¡Éclear-screen‘T(C-l)‘9Ô‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘k¬9Ž¡commen¾9t-bAÇegin‘ж‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘ q¬5Ž¡Écomplete‘T(TAB)$!‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘Uܬ12Ž¡completion-query-items‘Ç‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘øÁ¬6Ž¡Écompletion‘‘$‰c4ÕÂŽ‘fæmatches‘ÏD‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘ÿ¬30Ž¡con•¾9v“ert-meta"~‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘T9¬5ŽŸCÌëEDŽ¦Édelete-char‘T(C-d)‘F ‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘x[¬10Ž¡Édelete-horizontal-space‘T()‘‘­‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘Ãh¬11Ž¡Édigit-argument–T(M-0,“M-1,“...“M--)‘“x‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘Å3¬12Ž¡Édigit‘‘$‰c4ÕÂŽ‘fæp%‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘Dà¬27Ž¡Édigit‘‘$‰c4ÕÂŽ‘fævalue‘ç‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘̬27Ž¡ÉdingU†‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘‡A¬26Ž¡Édo-uppercase-version–T(M-a,“M-b,“...)‘2i‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘d$¬13Ž¡Édowncase-word‘T(M-l)‘©z‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘Û5¬11ŽŽŸ,$ª’ô¢ Édump-functions‘T()‘F ‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘x[¬13Ž©aæ’ô¢ ëEEŽŸ’ô¢ ¬editing-moAÇde%)‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘Vã¬5Ž¤’ô¢ Éend-kbd-macro–T(C-x“))‘Þu‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘0¬12Ž¡’ô¢ Éend-of-history‘T(M->)‘œ®‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘Îi¬9Ž¡’ô¢ Éend-of-line‘T(C-e)‘ˆg‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘º"¬8Ž¡’ô¢ expand-tilde‘n ‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘ŸÆ¬6Ž¦’ô¢ ëEFŽŸ’ô¢ Éfilename‘‘$‰c4ÕÂŽ–fæcompletion‘‘$‰c4ÕÂŽ“functionu‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘¦Ñ¬30Ž¡’ô¢ Éforward-char‘T(C-f)‘9Ô‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘k¬8Ž¡’ô¢ Éforward-search-history‘T(C-s)6N‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘h ¬9Ž¡’ô¢ Éforward-word‘T(M-f)‘9Ô‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘k¬8Ž¡’ô¢ Éfree‘‘$‰c4ÕÂŽ–fæundo‘‘$‰c4ÕÂŽ“list‘¤°‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘Ök¬24Ž¦’ô¢ ëEHŽŸ’ô¢ Éhistory-search-backward‘T()‘Ót‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘/¬9Ž¡’ô¢ Éhistory-search-forward‘T()‘"‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘S¬9Ž¡’ô¢ horizon¾9tal-scroll-moAÇde:•‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘lO¬5Ž¦’ô¢ ëEIŽ¤’ô¢ Éinsert-completions‘T() T‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘>¬12Ž¦’ô¢ ëEKŽ¡’ô¢ ¬k¾9eymap‘©(‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘Úã¬6Ž¤’ô¢ Ékill-line‘T(C-k)‘ãÆ‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘ ¬11Ž¡’ô¢ Ékill-whole-line‘T()‘ø ‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘)Ȭ11Ž¡’ô¢ Ékill-word‘T(M-d)‘ãÆ‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘ ¬11Ž¦’ô¢ ëELŽ¤’ô¢ Élowercase‘‘$‰c4ÕÂŽ‘fæp‘ç‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘̬26Ž¦’ô¢ ëEMŽ¡’ô¢ ¬mark-moAÇdi ed-lines‘#‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘3ݬ5ŽŸ’ô¢ meta- ag‘a‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘Á¬5Ž¦’ô¢ ëENŽ¡’ô¢ Énext-history‘T(C-n)‘9Ô‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘k¬9ŽŽŽŽŸŒ‹.bŸòÝ46’]*ÿGNU–¦fReadline“LibraryŽŽŽ ƒ3Ú ý|Ì&Ÿ,$ªÉnon-incremental-forward-search-history‘T(M-n)‘wÆ‘ÅU²:Ž‘p‘ÅU:Ž‘©¬9Ž¤Énon-incremental-reverse-search-history‘T(M-p)‘wÆ‘ÅU²:Ž‘p‘ÅU:Ž‘©¬9Ž¡Énumeric‘x‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘©À¬26Ž¤ÃÌëEOŽ©¬output-meta‘Mš‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘T¬5Ž¡ëEPŽ¦Épossible-completions‘T(M-?)‘‘­‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘Ãh¬12Ž¤Éprefix-meta‘T(ESC)‘F ‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘x[¬13Ž¡Éprevious-history‘T(C-p)‘ À‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘ ?{¬9Ž¤ÃÌëEQŽ¦Équoted-insert–T(C-q,“C-v)‘ô‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘ 2¯¬10Ž¡ëERŽ¦Ére-read-init-file–T(C-x“C-r)‘;‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘Fö¬13Ž¤Éreadline‘)r‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘[-¬15Ž¡Éredraw-current-line‘T()‘ À‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘ ?{¬9Ž¡Éreverse-search-history‘T(C-r)6N‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘h ¬9Ž¡Érevert-line‘T(M-r)‘F ‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘x[¬13Ž¡Érl‘‘$‰c4ÕÂŽ–fæadd‘‘$‰c4ÕÂŽ“defun‘AÖ‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘s‘¬20Ž¡Érl‘‘$‰c4ÕÂŽ–fæadd‘‘$‰c4ÕÂŽ“undo‘i‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘Â$¬24Ž¡Érl‘‘$‰c4ÕÂŽ–fæattempted‘‘$‰c4ÕÂŽ“completion‘‘$‰c4ÕÂŽ“function‘}‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘™k¬31Ž¡Érl‘‘$‰c4ÕÂŽ–fæbasic‘‘$‰c4ÕÂŽ“word‘‘$‰c4ÕÂŽ“break‘‘$‰c4ÕÂŽ“characters‘‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘ßé¬31Ž¡Érl‘‘$‰c4ÕÂŽ–fæbegin‘‘$‰c4ÕÂŽ“undo‘‘$‰c4ÕÂŽ“group‘Óa‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘ ¬24Ž¡Érl‘‘$‰c4ÕÂŽ–fæbind‘‘$‰c4ÕÂŽ“key‘i‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘Â$¬21Ž¡Érl‘‘$‰c4ÕÂŽ–fæbind‘‘$‰c4ÕÂŽ“key‘‘$‰c4ÕÂŽ“in‘‘$‰c4ÕÂŽ“map‘½‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘îϬ21Ž¡Érl‘‘$‰c4ÕÂŽ–fæclear‘‘$‰c4ÕÂŽ“messageŠ‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘9E¬25Ž¡Érl‘‘$‰c4ÕÂŽ‘fæcomplete‘¬f‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘Þ!¬29,‘T30Ž¡Érl‘‘$‰c4ÕÂŽ–fæcomplete‘‘$‰c4ÕÂŽ“internal‘Ûv‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘ 1¬30Ž¡Érl‘‘$‰c4ÕÂŽ–fæcompleter‘‘$‰c4ÕÂŽ“quote‘‘$‰c4ÕÂŽ“characters‘h½‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘…$¬31Ž¡Érl‘‘$‰c4ÕÂŽ–fæcompleter‘‘$‰c4ÕÂŽ“word‘‘$‰c4ÕÂŽ“break‘‘$‰c4ÕÂŽ“characters‘‰6‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘¥¬31Ž¡Érl‘‘$‰c4ÕÂŽ–fæcompletion‘‘$‰c4ÕÂŽ“entry‘‘$‰c4ÕÂŽ“function‘nm‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘ŠÔ¬29,‘T31Ž¡Érl‘‘$‰c4ÕÂŽ–fæcompletion‘‘$‰c4ÕÂŽ“query‘‘$‰c4ÕÂŽ“items‘”Ñ‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘±8¬31Ž¡Érl‘‘$‰c4ÕÂŽ–fæcopy‘‘$‰c4ÕÂŽ“keymap‘¤°‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘Ök¬20Ž¡Érl‘‘$‰c4ÕÂŽ–fæcopy‘‘$‰c4ÕÂŽ“text‘AÖ‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘s‘¬25Ž¡Érl‘‘$‰c4ÕÂŽ–fædelete‘‘$‰c4ÕÂŽ“text‘¤°‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘Ök¬25Ž¡Érl‘‘$‰c4ÕÂŽ–fædirectory‘‘$‰c4ÕÂŽ“completion‘‘$‰c4ÕÂŽ“hook‘·P‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘Ó·¬32Ž¡Érl‘‘$‰c4ÕÂŽ–fædiscard‘‘$‰c4ÕÂŽ“keymap‘Ç/‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘øê¬21Ž¡Érl‘‘$‰c4ÕÂŽ–fædo‘‘$‰c4ÕÂŽ“undo‘Þü‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘ ·¬24Ž¡Érl‘‘$‰c4ÕÂŽ‘fædone‘¬‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘Èn¬19Ž¡Érl‘‘$‰c4ÕÂŽ‘fæend‘úš‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘¬18ŽŽŸ,$ª’ô¢ Érl‘‘$‰c4ÕÂŽ–fæend‘‘$‰c4ÕÂŽ“undo‘‘$‰c4ÕÂŽ“groupbO‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘” ¬24Ž¤’ô¢ Érl‘‘$‰c4ÕÂŽ–fæevent‘‘$‰c4ÕÂŽ“hook‘Œ%‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘¨Œ¬19Ž¡’ô¢ Érl‘‘$‰c4ÕÂŽ–fæfilename‘‘$‰c4ÕÂŽ“completion‘‘$‰c4ÕÂŽ“desired‘*‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘6‘¬32Ž¡’ô¢ Érl‘‘$‰c4ÕÂŽ–fæfilename‘‘$‰c4ÕÂŽ“quoting‘‘$‰c4ÕÂŽ“desired‘ã‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘ "J¬32Ž¡’ô¢ Érl‘‘$‰c4ÕÂŽ–fæforced‘‘$‰c4ÕÂŽ“update‘‘$‰c4ÕÂŽ“displayJ‚‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘|=¬25Ž¡’ô¢ Érl‘‘$‰c4ÕÂŽ–fæfunction‘‘$‰c4ÕÂŽ“dumper‘xœ‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘ªW¬23Ž¡’ô¢ Érl‘‘$‰c4ÕÂŽ–fæfunction‘‘$‰c4ÕÂŽ“of‘‘$‰c4ÕÂŽ“keyseq‘6;‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘gö¬22Ž¡’ô¢ Érl‘‘$‰c4ÕÂŽ–fægeneric‘‘$‰c4ÕÂŽ“bindV‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘‡Ø¬22Ž¡’ô¢ Érl‘‘$‰c4ÕÂŽ–fæget‘‘$‰c4ÕÂŽ“keymap‘óC‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘$þ¬21Ž¡’ô¢ Érl‘‘$‰c4ÕÂŽ–fæget‘‘$‰c4ÕÂŽ“keymap‘‘$‰c4ÕÂŽ“by‘‘$‰c4ÕÂŽ“name‘ß“‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘ N¬21Ž¡’ô¢ Érl‘‘$‰c4ÕÂŽ–fæignore‘‘$‰c4ÕÂŽ“completion‘‘$‰c4ÕÂŽ“duplicates‘Ë—‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘çþ¬32Ž¡’ô¢ Érl‘‘$‰c4ÕÂŽ–fæignore‘‘$‰c4ÕÂŽ“some‘‘$‰c4ÕÂŽ“completions‘‘$‰c4ÕÂŽ“function‘:£‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘W ¬32Ž¡’ô¢ Érl‘‘$‰c4ÕÂŽ‘fæinitializeIë‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘{¦¬26Ž¡’ô¢ Érl‘‘$‰c4ÕÂŽ–fæinsert‘‘$‰c4ÕÂŽ“completions‘Œã‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘¾ž¬30Ž¡’ô¢ Érl‘‘$‰c4ÕÂŽ–fæinsert‘‘$‰c4ÕÂŽ“text‘¤°‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘Ök¬25Ž¡’ô¢ Érl‘‘$‰c4ÕÂŽ‘fæinstream‘ó‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘œZ¬19Ž¡’ô¢ Érl‘‘$‰c4ÕÂŽ–fæinvoking‘‘$‰c4ÕÂŽ“keyseqs‘* ‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘[Ĭ23Ž¡’ô¢ Érl‘‘$‰c4ÕÂŽ–fæinvoking‘‘$‰c4ÕÂŽ“keyseqs‘‘$‰c4ÕÂŽ“in‘‘$‰c4ÕÂŽ“mapV´‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘ˆo¬23Ž¡’ô¢ Érl‘‘$‰c4ÕÂŽ–fækill‘‘$‰c4ÕÂŽ“text‘AÖ‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘s‘¬25Ž¡’ô¢ Érl‘‘$‰c4ÕÂŽ–fæline‘‘$‰c4ÕÂŽ“buffer‘=’‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘Yù¬18Ž¡’ô¢ Érl‘‘$‰c4ÕÂŽ–fælist‘‘$‰c4ÕÂŽ“funmap‘‘$‰c4ÕÂŽ“names‘„ΑÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘¶‰¬23Ž¡’ô¢ Érl‘‘$‰c4ÕÂŽ–fæmake‘‘$‰c4ÕÂŽ“bare‘‘$‰c4ÕÂŽ“keymap‘Óa‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘ ¬20Ž¡’ô¢ Érl‘‘$‰c4ÕÂŽ–fæmake‘‘$‰c4ÕÂŽ“keymap‘¤°‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘Ök¬21Ž¡’ô¢ Érl‘‘$‰c4ÕÂŽ‘fæmark‘¬‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘Èn¬18Ž¡’ô¢ Érl‘‘$‰c4ÕÂŽ‘fæmessage‘5¤‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘g_¬25Ž¡’ô¢ Érl‘‘$‰c4ÕÂŽ‘fæmodifying‘˜~‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘Ê9¬24Ž¡’ô¢ Érl‘‘$‰c4ÕÂŽ–fænamed‘‘$‰c4ÕÂŽ“function‘Ç/‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘øê¬22Ž¡’ô¢ Érl‘‘$‰c4ÕÂŽ–fæon‘‘$‰c4ÕÂŽ“new‘‘$‰c4ÕÂŽ“line‘N‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘ì25Ž¡’ô¢ Érl‘‘$‰c4ÕÂŽ‘fæoutstream‘1`‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘MǬ19Ž¡’ô¢ Érl‘‘$‰c4ÕÂŽ–fæparse‘‘$‰c4ÕÂŽ“and‘‘$‰c4ÕÂŽ“bindbO‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘” ¬22Ž¡’ô¢ Érl‘‘$‰c4ÕÂŽ–fæpending‘‘$‰c4ÕÂŽ“input‘ l‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘¼Ó¬19Ž¡’ô¢ Érl‘‘$‰c4ÕÂŽ‘fæpoint‘]t‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘yÛ¬18Ž¡’ô¢ Érl‘‘$‰c4ÕÂŽ–fæpossible‘‘$‰c4ÕÂŽ“completions‘ýõ‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘ /°¬30Ž¡’ô¢ Érl‘‘$‰c4ÕÂŽ‘fæprompt‘‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘ 9€¬19Ž¡’ô¢ Érl‘‘$‰c4ÕÂŽ–færead‘‘$‰c4ÕÂŽ“init‘‘$‰c4ÕÂŽ“filebO‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘” ¬22Ž¡’ô¢ Érl‘‘$‰c4ÕÂŽ–færead‘‘$‰c4ÕÂŽ“key‘i‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘Â$¬26Ž¡’ô¢ Érl‘‘$‰c4ÕÂŽ–færeadline‘‘$‰c4ÕÂŽ“name‘ l‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘¼Ó¬19Ž¡’ô¢ Érl‘‘$‰c4ÕÂŽ‘færedisplay‘˜~‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘Ê9¬24Ž¡’ô¢ Érl‘‘$‰c4ÕÂŽ–færeset‘‘$‰c4ÕÂŽ“line‘‘$‰c4ÕÂŽ“state‘Óa‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘ ¬25Ž¡’ô¢ Érl‘‘$‰c4ÕÂŽ–færeset‘‘$‰c4ÕÂŽ“terminal‘Ç/‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘øê¬26Ž¡’ô¢ Érl‘‘$‰c4ÕÂŽ–fæset‘‘$‰c4ÕÂŽ“keymap‘óC‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘$þ¬21Ž¡’ô¢ Érl‘‘$‰c4ÕÂŽ–fæspecial‘‘$‰c4ÕÂŽ“prefixes‘Âë‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘ßR¬32Ž¡’ô¢ Érl‘‘$‰c4ÕÂŽ–fæstartup‘‘$‰c4ÕÂŽ“hook‘îÿ‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘ f¬19ŽŽŽŽŸŒ‹/ àŸòÝF›ÿeunction–¦fand“V˜ariable“Index’A¿R47ŽŽŽ ƒ3Ú þzðРÿ.Érl‘‘$‰c4ÕÂŽ–fæstuff‘‘$‰c4ÕÂŽ“char‘óC‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘$þ¬26Ž¤Érl‘‘$‰c4ÕÂŽ–fæterminal‘‘$‰c4ÕÂŽ“name‘ l‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘¼Ó¬19Ž¡Érl‘‘$‰c4ÕÂŽ–fæunbind‘‘$‰c4ÕÂŽ“key‘óC‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘$þ¬22Ž¡Érl‘‘$‰c4ÕÂŽ–fæunbind‘‘$‰c4ÕÂŽ“key‘‘$‰c4ÕÂŽ“in‘‘$‰c4ÕÂŽ“mapî‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘Q©¬22Ž©ëESŽŸÉself-insert–T(a,“b,“A,“1,“!,“...)‘ƨ‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘øc¬10Ž¡sho•¾9w-all-if-am“biguous‘aÇ‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘“¬6Ž¡Éstart-kbd-macro–T(C-x“()AO‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘s ¬12Ž¦ëETŽŸÉtab-insert‘T(M-TAB)‘ø ‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘)Ȭ10Ž¡Étilde-expand‘T(M-~)‘ø ‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘)Ȭ13Ž¡Éto‘‘$‰c4ÕÂŽ‘fælower‘ÒÊ‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘ …¬27Ž¡Éto‘‘$‰c4ÕÂŽ‘fæupper‘ÒÊ‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘ …¬27Ž¡Étranspose-chars‘T(C-t) T‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘>¬10ŽŽ ÿ.’ô¢ Étranspose-words‘T(M-t) T‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘>¬10Ž©’ô¢ ëEUŽŸ’ô¢ Éundo–T(C-‘‘$‰c4ÕÂŽ‘fæ,“C-x“C-u)‘èÜ‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘—¬13Ž¤’ô¢ Éuniversal-argument‘T() T‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘>¬12Ž¡’ô¢ Éunix-line-discard‘T(C-u)‘}f‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘¯!¬11Ž¡’ô¢ Éunix-word-rubout‘T(C-w)‘Ëù‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘ý´¬11Ž¡’ô¢ Éupcase-word‘T(M-u)‘F ‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘x[¬10Ž¡’ô¢ Éuppercase‘‘$‰c4ÕÂŽ‘fæp‘ç‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘̬26Ž¡’ô¢ Éusername‘‘$‰c4ÕÂŽ–fæcompletion‘‘$‰c4ÕÂŽ“functionu‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘¦Ñ¬31Ž¦’ô¢ ëEYŽŸ’ô¢ Éyank‘T(C-y)‘^m‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘(¬11Ž¡’ô¢ Éyank-last-arg–T(M-.,“M-‘‘$‰c4ÕÂŽ‘fæ)‘œ‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘ÍϬ10Ž¡’ô¢ Éyank-nth-arg‘T(M-C-y)Zç‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘Œ¢¬10Ž¡’ô¢ Éyank-pop‘T(M-y)$!‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘Uܬ11ŽŽŽŽŸŒ‹0pŸòÝ48’]*ÿGNU–¦fReadline“LibraryŽŽŽ ƒ3ÚŸŒ‹ÿÿÿÿTŸò’Ò¶œÝiŽŽŽ ƒ3Ú ý¨ðÐèT‘þaGable–¦Mof“Con–ÿuÂten“tsŽŽŸ*ëE1‘32Command–ffLine“Editing‘‘32óK·ág£ff cmmi12ëK:Ž–Q ‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž‘ ¾nëE1Ž©À‘$Ý1.1‘ ó5In²!troMÞduction–¦fto“Line“Editing[w‘é˜ó9  b> ó3 cmmi10ä:Ž–ÝÛ‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž‘ß®Ý1Ž¤‘$1.2‘ ó5Readline‘¦fIn²!teraction‘•ë‘é˜ä:Ž–ÝÛ‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž‘ "Ý1Ž¡‘H1.2.1‘ ó5Readline–¦fBare“Essen²!tials‘à‘é˜ä:Ž–ÝÛ‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž‘ ¡Ý2Ž¡‘H1.2.2‘ ó5Readline›¦fMo•²!v“emen“t˜Commands‘0L‘é˜ä:Ž–ÝÛ‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž‘ ´„Ý2Ž¡‘H1.2.3‘ ó5Readline–¦fKilling“Commands‘É‘é˜ä:Ž–ÝÛ‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž‘ ¤Ý3Ž¡‘H1.2.4‘ ó5Readline‘¦fArgumen²!ts2X‘é˜ä:Ž–ÝÛ‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž‘¶Ý4Ž¡‘$1.3‘ ó5Readline–¦fInit“File‘YŽ‘é˜ä:Ž–ÝÛ‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž‘ ÝÆÝ4Ž¡‘H1.3.1‘ ó5Readline–¦fInit“Syn²!tax‘ÃY‘é˜ä:Ž–ÝÛ‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž‘ G‘Ý4Ž¡‘H1.3.2‘ ó5Conditional–¦fInit“Constructs‘8‘é˜ä:Ž–ÝÛ‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž‘ ¼RÝ7Ž¡‘$1.4‘ ó5Bindable–¦fReadline“Commands‘A(‘é˜ä:Ž–ÝÛ‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž‘ Å`Ý8Ž¡‘H1.4.1‘ ó5Commands–¦fF‘ÿeor“Mo²!ving d‘é˜ä:Ž–ÝÛ‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž‘œÝ8Ž¡‘H1.4.2‘ ó5Commands–¦fF‘ÿeor“Manipulating“The“History‘7‘é˜ä:Ž–ÝÛ‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž‘ »FÝ9Ž¡‘H1.4.3‘ ó5Commands–¦fF›ÿeor“Changing“T˜ext‘i½‘é˜ä:Ž–ÝÛ‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž‘ íôÝ10Ž¡‘H1.4.4‘ ó5Killing–¦fAnd“Y‘ÿeanking‘ˆñ‘é˜ä:Ž–ÝÛ‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž‘ )Ý11Ž¡‘H1.4.5‘ ó5SpMÞecifying–¦fNumeric“Argumen²!ts‘Ý“‘é˜ä:Ž–ÝÛ‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž‘ aÊÝ12Ž¡‘H1.4.6‘ ó5Letting–¦fReadline“T²!ypMÞe“F›ÿeor“Y˜ou:‘é˜ä:Ž–ÝÛ‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž‘¾GÝ12Ž¡‘H1.4.7‘ ó5KeybMÞoard‘¦fMacros‘Rt‘é˜ä:Ž–ÝÛ‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž‘ Ö«Ý12Ž¡‘H1.4.8‘ ó5Some–¦fMiscellaneous“Commands‘æQ‘é˜ä:Ž–ÝÛ‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž‘ jˆÝ13Ž¡‘$1.5‘ ó5Readline–¦fvi“MoMÞde‘ø7‘é˜ä:Ž–ÝÛ‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž‘ |nÝ13ŽŸëE2‘32Programming–ffwith“GNU“Readline‘ v‘32ëK:Ž–Q ‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž‘×ÝëE15Ž¦‘$Ý2.1‘ ó5Basic‘¦fBeha²!vior‘k‘é˜ä:Ž–ÝÛ‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž‘ š£Ý15Ž¡‘$2.2‘ ó5Custom‘¦fF‘ÿeunctions‘Š>‘é˜ä:Ž–ÝÛ‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž‘ uÝ17Ž¡‘H2.2.1‘ ó5The–¦fF‘ÿeunction“T²!ypMÞe‘8'‘é˜ä:Ž–ÝÛ‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž‘ ¼_Ý17Ž¡‘H2.2.2‘ ó5W›ÿeriting–¦fa“New“F˜unctiona ‘é˜ä:Ž–ÝÛ‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž‘åAÝ18Ž¡‘$2.3‘ ó5Readline‘¦fV‘ÿeariables‘w‘é˜ä:Ž–ÝÛ‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž‘ —¯Ý18Ž¡‘$2.4‘ ó5Readline›¦fCon•²!v“enience˜F‘ÿeunctions‘óG‘é˜ä:Ž–ÝÛ‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž‘ wÝ20Ž¡‘H2.4.1‘ ó5Naming–¦fa“F‘ÿeunction‘é˜ä:Ž–ÝÛ‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž‘›OÝ20Ž¡‘H2.4.2‘ ó5Selecting–¦fa“Keymap‘&‘é˜ä:Ž–ÝÛ‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž‘ ˜]Ý20Ž¡‘H2.4.3‘ ó5Binding‘¦fKeys‘»™‘é˜ä:Ž–ÝÛ‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž‘ ?ÐÝ21Ž¡‘H2.4.4‘ ó5AssoMÞciating–¦fF‘ÿeunction“Names“and“Bindings‘§‘é˜ä:Ž–ÝÛ‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž‘ +7Ý22Ž¡‘H2.4.5‘ ó5Allo²!wing‘¦fUndoing‘ÆL‘é˜ä:Ž–ÝÛ‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž‘ J„Ý23Ž¡‘H2.4.6‘ ó5Redispla²!y‘å‘é˜ä:Ž–ÝÛ‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž‘ ¤Ý24Ž¡‘H2.4.7‘ ó5MoMÞdifying‘¦fT‘ÿeext‘Öבé˜ä:Ž–ÝÛ‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž‘ [Ý25Ž¡‘H2.4.8‘ ó5Utilit²!y‘¦fF‘ÿeunctions‘« ‘é˜ä:Ž–ÝÛ‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž‘ /DÝ26Ž¡‘H2.4.9‘ ó5An‘¦fExample‘Ãe‘é˜ä:Ž–ÝÛ‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž‘ GœÝ27ŽŽŸŒ‹ÿÿÿþ´ŸòÝii’bÝGNU–¦fReadline“LibraryŽŽŽ ƒ3Ú ý†Ì&‘$2.5‘ ó5Custom‘¦fCompleters‘ƒg‘é˜ä:Ž–ÝÛ‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž‘ žÝ28Ž¤‘H2.5.1‘ ó5Ho²!w–¦fCompleting“W‘ÿeorks‘VQ‘é˜ä:Ž–ÝÛ‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž‘ ÚˆÝ28Ž¡‘H2.5.2‘ ó5Completion‘¦fF‘ÿeunctions‘Ñó‘é˜ä:Ž–ÝÛ‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž‘ V+Ý29Ž¡‘H2.5.3‘ ó5Completion‘¦fV‘ÿeariables‘þ‘é˜ä:Ž–ÝÛ‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž‘ 6Ý31Ž¡‘H2.5.4‘ ó5A–¦fShort“Completion“Example‘¿d‘é˜ä:Ž–ÝÛ‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž‘ CœÝ33ŽŸëEConcept‘ffIndex\‘32ëK:Ž–Q ‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž‘ ÑÄëE43ŽŸ!ÀF›þ¦function–ffand“V˜ariable“Index‘[B‘32ëK:Ž–Q ‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž‘ ªëE45ŽŽŸŒøOlƒ’À;è›3ÚÕÁG4óUÂÖN ¼j cmbx12óMÂÖN  #× cmbx12óK·ág£ff cmmi12óEÂÖN ff cmbx12ó=ÂÖN G® cmbx12ó<ßê ó3 cmmi10ó7m#½R ó3 cmss10ó6p®0J ó3 cmsl10ó3ßê58 D E /Fb 1 59 df<78FCFCFCFC7806067B8510>58 D E /Fc 49 127 df<60F0F0F0F0F0F0F0F0F0F0F0F0F0600000000060F0F0600417789614>33 D<00800180018007E01FF039BC619CC18EC18EC18EC18471807F803FE00FF001F8019C018E4186 E186E186E186718C39B81FF00FC00180018000800F1D7E9914>36 D<00C001C0030006000C001C 0038003000700070006000E000E000E000E000E000E000E000600070007000300038001C000C00 0600030001C000C00A1D7A9914>40 D<8000C0006000300018001C000E00060007000700030003 8003800380038003800380038003000700070006000E001C00180030006000C0008000091D7C99 14>I<70F8FCFC7C0C1830E0C0060A798414>44 DI<70F8F8F87005 05798414>I<07C00FE01C7038383018701C701CE00EE00EE00EE00EE00EE00EE00EE00EE00E70 1C701C383838381C700FE007C00F177E9614>48 D<0300030007000F003F00F700470007000700 0700070007000700070007000700070007000700070007007FF07FF00C177C9614>I<000E003E 007C00F003E007C01F003E00F800F000F8003E001F0007C003E000F0007C003E000E0F137E9414 >60 D<4000E000F8007C001E000F8007C001F000F8003E001E003E00F801F007C00F801E007C00 F800E00040000F157E9514>62 D<1FE03FF8701CE00EE00E400E003C007000E001C00380038003 8003800300000000000000000003000780078003000F177E9614>I<01C00003E00003E0000360 000360000770000770000770000770000630000E38000E38000E38000E38000E38001FFC001FFC 001C1C001C1C003C1E00380E00FE3F80FE3F8011177F9614>65 DI<03C60FFE1C3E181E381E700E700E600EE000E000E000E000E000E000E000600E700E700E38 0C181C1C380FF003C00F177E9614>III76 DII82 D<0FCC1FFC307C603CE01CE01CE01CE00070 007E003FE00FF001F8001C001E000E600EE00EE00EF01CF838FFF0C7E00F177E9614>I<7FFF80 FFFF80E1C380E1C380E1C380E1C38001C00001C00001C00001C00001C00001C00001C00001C000 01C00001C00001C00001C00001C00001C00001C0000FF8000FF80011177F9614>I<1FC0007FF0 00707800201800001C00001C0007FC001FFC003C1C00701C00E01C00E01C00E01C00707C003FFF 800F8F8011107E8F14>97 DI<03F80FFC1C1C380870006000E000E000E000E00060007000380E1C1E0F FC03F00F107E8F14>I<007E00007E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E0007CE000FFE001C3E 00301E00700E00E00E00E00E00E00E00E00E00E00E00E00E00700E00301E00383E001FEFC007CF C012177F9614>I<07E00FF01C38301C700CE00EE00EFFFEFFFEE00060007000380E1C1E0FFC03 F00F107E8F14>I<007C00FE01CE03840380038003807FFEFFFE03800380038003800380038003 80038003800380038003807FFC7FFC0F177F9614>I<07CF001FFF80383B80301800701C00701C 00701C003018003838003FF00037C0007000007000003FF8001FFC003FFE00700F00E00380E003 80E00380E003807007003C1E001FFC0007F00011197F8F14>II<030007800780030000000000000000 007F807F80038003800380038003800380038003800380038003800380FFFCFFFC0E187D9714> I107 DIII<07C01FF03C78701C701CE00EE00EE00EE00EE00EE00E701C783C3C781FF007 C00F107E8F14>II<03CE000FFE001C3E00301E00700E00E00E00E00E00E00E00E00E00E00E00 E00E00700E00301E001C3E000FEE0007CE00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00007FC0 007FC012187F8F14>II<0FD83FF86038C038C038F0007F 803FF007F8001C6006E006F006F81CFFF8CFE00F107E8F14>I<030007000700070007007FFCFF FC07000700070007000700070007000700070E070E070E070C03FC00F00F157F9414>IIII<7E3F007E3F001E38000E780007700007E00003E00001C00003C00003E000077000 0E78000E38001C1C00FE3F80FE3F8011107F8F14>II<3FFF7FFF700E701C7038007000E001C0 038007000E001C0738077007FFFFFFFF10107F8F14>I<1C103F38E7E041C00D047D9614>126 D E /Fd 1 59 df<60F0F06004047D830B>58 D E /Fe 41 123 df<00FC000182000703000607 000E02000E00000E00000E00000E00000E0000FFFF000E07000E07000E07000E07000E07000E07 000E07000E07000E07000E07000E07000E07000E07000E07007F0FE0131A809915>12 D<00FF000387000707000607000E07000E07000E07000E07000E07000E0700FFFF000E07000E07 000E07000E07000E07000E07000E07000E07000E07000E07000E07000E07000E07000E07007F9F E0131A809915>I<60F0F07010101020204080040B7D830B>44 DI<0780 18603030303060186018E01CE01CE01CE01CE01CE01CE01CE01CE01CE01CE01CE01C6018601870 383030186007800E187E9713>48 D<03000700FF00070007000700070007000700070007000700 07000700070007000700070007000700070007000700FFF00C187D9713>I<0F80106020304038 803CC01CE01C401C003C003800380070006000C001800100020004040804100430083FF87FF8FF F80E187E9713>I<0F8010E02070607870382038007800700070006000C00F8000E00070003800 3C003CE03CE03CC03C4038407030E00F800E187E9713>I<00300030007000F000F00170037002 7004700C7008701070307020704070C070FFFF00700070007000700070007007FF10187F9713> I<30183FF03FE03FC02000200020002000200027C03860203000380018001C001C401CE01CE01C 80184038403030E00F800E187E9713>I<01E006100C1818383038300070006000E000E7C0E860 F030F018E018E01CE01CE01C601C601C701830183030186007C00E187E9713>I<40007FFE7FFC 7FFC40088010801080200040004000800180018001000300030003000300070007000700070007 00070002000F197E9813>I<078018603030201860186018601870103C303E600F8007C019F030 F86038401CC00CC00CC00CC00C6008201018600FC00E187E9713>I<07801860303070306018E0 18E018E01CE01CE01C601C603C303C185C0F9C001C00180018003870307060604021801F000E18 7E9713>I75 D89 D<3F8070C070E020700070007007F01C7030707070E070E071E071E0F171FB1E3C10107E8F13> 97 DI<07F80C1C381C30087000E000E000E000E000E000E0007000300438080C 1807E00E107F8F11>I<007E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E 0003CE000C3E00380E00300E00700E00E00E00E00E00E00E00E00E00E00E00E00E00600E00700E 00381E001C2E0007CFC0121A7F9915>I<07C01C3030187018600CE00CFFFCE000E000E000E000 6000300438080C1807E00E107F8F11>I<01F0031807380E100E000E000E000E000E000E00FFC0 0E000E000E000E000E000E000E000E000E000E000E000E000E000E007FE00D1A80990C>I<0FCE 187330307038703870387038303018602FC02000600070003FF03FFC1FFE600FC003C003C003C0 036006381C07E010187F8F13>II<18003C003C00180000000000000000000000 0000FC001C001C001C001C001C001C001C001C001C001C001C001C001C001C00FF80091A80990A >I107 DII I<07E01C38300C700E6006E007E007E007E007E007E0076006700E381C1C3807E010107F8F13> II<03 C2000C2600381E00300E00700E00E00E00E00E00E00E00E00E00E00E00E00E00700E00700E0038 1E001C2E0007CE00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00007FC012177F8F14>II<1F2060 E04020C020C020F0007F003FC01FE000F080708030C030C020F0408F800C107F8F0F>I<040004 0004000C000C001C003C00FFC01C001C001C001C001C001C001C001C001C201C201C201C201C20 0E4003800B177F960F>IIIIII<7FF86070407040E041C041C00380070007000E081C081C0838107010 7030FFF00D107F8F11>I E /Ff 2 42 df<007000E001C00380078007000E001E001E003C003C 003C0078007800780078007000F000F000F000F000F000F000F000F000F000F000F000F0007000 78007800780078003C003C003C001E001E000E0007000780038001C000E000700C2E7EA112>40 DI E /Fg 27 123 df<000FF07F00007FFBFF C001F83FE3C003F07F87E007E07F87E00FC07F07E00FC07F03C00FC03F00000FC03F00000FC03F 00000FC03F00000FC03F00000FC03F0000FFFFFFFC00FFFFFFFC000FC03F00000FC03F00000FC0 3F00000FC03F00000FC03F00000FC03F00000FC03F00000FC03F00000FC03F00000FC03F00000F C03F00000FC03F00000FC03F00000FC03F00000FC03F00000FC03F00000FC03F00000FC03F0000 7FF9FFF0007FF9FFF00023237FA221>11 D<0007F800007FFC0001FC0E0003F01F0007E03F000F C03F000FC03F000FC03F000FC01E000FC00C000FC000000FC000000FC0FF80FFFFFF80FFFFFF80 0FC01F800FC01F800FC01F800FC01F800FC01F800FC01F800FC01F800FC01F800FC01F800FC01F 800FC01F800FC01F800FC01F800FC01F800FC01F800FC01F800FC01F800FC01F807FF8FFF07FF8 FFF01C237FA220>I<07FE00001FFF80003F07E0003F03F0003F01F0003F01F8001E01F8000001 F8000001F800003FF80003FDF8001F81F8003E01F8007C01F800F801F800F801F800F801F800F8 01F8007C02F8007E0CF8001FF87F8007E03F8019167E951C>97 DI<00FF8007FFE00F83F01F03F03E03F07E03F07C01E0 7C0000FC0000FC0000FC0000FC0000FC0000FC00007C00007E00007E00003F00301F00600FC0E0 07FF8000FE0014167E9519>I<0001FF000001FF0000003F0000003F0000003F0000003F000000 3F0000003F0000003F0000003F0000003F0000003F0000003F0000FE3F0007FFBF000FC1FF001F 007F003E003F007E003F007C003F007C003F00FC003F00FC003F00FC003F00FC003F00FC003F00 FC003F00FC003F007C003F007E003F003E003F001F007F000F81FF0007FF3FE001FC3FE01B237E A220>I<00FE0007FF800F83C01F01E03E00F07E00F07C00F87C0078FC0078FFFFF8FFFFF8FC00 00FC0000FC00007C00007C00003E00183E00181F00300F80E003FFC000FF0015167E951A>I<00 1F8000FFE001F1F003E3F007E3F00FC3F00FC1E00FC0000FC0000FC0000FC0000FC0000FC000FF FE00FFFE000FC0000FC0000FC0000FC0000FC0000FC0000FC0000FC0000FC0000FC0000FC0000F C0000FC0000FC0000FC0000FC0000FC0000FC0007FFC007FFC0014237EA212>I<00FE0F8003FF 9FC00F83E3C01F01F3C01E00F0003E00F8003E00F8003E00F8003E00F8003E00F8001E00F0001F 01F0000F83E0000BFF800008FE000018000000180000001C0000001FFFE0001FFFFC000FFFFF00 07FFFF001FFFFF807C001FC078000FC0F80007C0F80007C0F80007C07C000F803E001F001F807E 000FFFFC0001FFE0001A217F951D>II<1E003F007F807F807F807F803F001E00000000000000000000000000FF80FF80 1F801F801F801F801F801F801F801F801F801F801F801F801F801F801F801F801F801F80FFF0FF F00C247EA30F>I107 DI< FF03F803F800FF0FFE0FFE001F183F183F001F201F201F001F401FC01F801F401FC01F801F801F 801F801F801F801F801F801F801F801F801F801F801F801F801F801F801F801F801F801F801F80 1F801F801F801F801F801F801F801F801F801F801F801F801F801F801F801F801F801F801F801F 801F80FFF0FFF0FFF0FFF0FFF0FFF02C167D9531>II< 00FF0007FFE00F81F01F00F83E007C7C003E7C003E7C003EFC003FFC003FFC003FFC003FFC003F FC003FFC003F7C003E7E007E3E007C1F00F80F81F007FFE000FF0018167E951D>II<00FE030007FF07000FC1CF001F00DF003F007F007E003F007E00 3F007C003F00FC003F00FC003F00FC003F00FC003F00FC003F00FC003F00FC003F007E003F007E 003F003E007F001F00FF000FC1FF0007FF3F0001FC3F0000003F0000003F0000003F0000003F00 00003F0000003F0000003F0000003F000001FFE00001FFE01B207E951E>II<07F9801FFF80380780700380F0 0180F00180F80000FF0000FFF8007FFE003FFF001FFF8007FF80003FC0C007C0C003C0E003C0E0 03C0F00380FC0F00EFFE00C3F80012167E9517>I<00C00000C00000C00000C00001C00001C000 03C00007C0000FC0001FC000FFFF00FFFF000FC0000FC0000FC0000FC0000FC0000FC0000FC000 0FC0000FC0000FC0000FC0000FC1800FC1800FC1800FC1800FC18007C18007E30003FE0000FC00 11207F9F16>IIIIII<7FFF E07FFFE0780FC0701FC0601F80E03F00C07F00C07E00C0FC0001FC0001F80003F00007F03007E0 300FC0301FC0701F80703F00607F00E07E03E0FFFFE0FFFFE014167E9519>I E /Fh 23 122 df<00E00000E00000E00000E00040E040F0E1E0F8E3E07EEFC01FFF0007FC0003 F80007FC001FFF007EEFC0F8E3E0F0E1E040E04000E00000E00000E00000E00013157D991A>42 D<007C3801FF3807FFF80F83F81E00F81C0078380078380038700038700038700000E00000E000 00E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E000007000007000387000383800383800381C00701E00 F00F83E007FFC001FF80007C00151E7E9D1A>67 D<7FFFFCFFFFFC7FFFFC0E001C0E001C0E001C 0E001C0E001C0E00000E00000E07000E07000E07000FFF000FFF000FFF000E07000E07000E0700 0E00000E00000E00000E000E0E000E0E000E0E000E0E000E7FFFFEFFFFFE7FFFFE171E7F9D1A> 69 D<7FFFFCFFFFFC7FFFFC0E001C0E001C0E001C0E001C0E001C0E00000E00000E07000E0700 0E07000FFF000FFF000FFF000E07000E07000E07000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E0000 0E00000E00007FE000FFF0007FE000161E7F9D1A>I73 D75 D<7FE000FFF0007FE0000E00000E00000E 00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E 00000E00000E00000E00000E00380E00380E00380E00380E00387FFFF8FFFFF87FFFF8151E7E9D 1A>I<7FFF00FFFFC07FFFE00E01F00E00780E00380E003C0E001C0E001C0E001C0E001C0E003C 0E00380E00780E01F00FFFE00FFFC00FFF000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E0000 0E00000E00007FC000FFE0007FC000161E7F9D1A>80 D<1FF0003FFC007FFE00780F0030070000 0380000380007F8007FF801FFF803F8380780380700380E00380E00380E00380700780780F803F FFFC1FFDFC07F0FC16157D941A>97 D<00FF8003FFC00FFFE01F01E03C00C07800007000007000 00E00000E00000E00000E00000E000007000007000007800703C00701F01F00FFFE003FFC000FE 0014157D941A>99 D<001FC0001FC0001FC00001C00001C00001C00001C00001C00001C001F1C0 07FDC00FFFC01E0FC03C07C07803C07001C0E001C0E001C0E001C0E001C0E001C0E001C0E001C0 7003C07003C03807C03E0FC01FFFFC07FDFC01F1FC161E7E9D1A>I<01F80007FF000FFF801E07 C03C01C07800E07000E0E00070E00070FFFFF0FFFFF0FFFFF0E000007000007000007800703C00 701F01F00FFFE003FFC000FE0014157D941A>I 104 D<01C00003E00003E00003E00001C0000000000000000000000000000000007FE000FFE000 7FE00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E000 00E00000E00000E000FFFFC0FFFFC0FFFFC0121F7C9E1A>I<7CE0E000FFFBF8007FFFF8001F1F 1C001E1E1C001E1E1C001C1C1C001C1C1C001C1C1C001C1C1C001C1C1C001C1C1C001C1C1C001C 1C1C001C1C1C001C1C1C001C1C1C001C1C1C007F1F1F00FF9F9F807F1F1F00191580941A>109 DI<01F00007FC001F FF003E0F803C07807803C07001C0E000E0E000E0E000E0E000E0E000E0E000E0F001E07001C078 03C03C07803E0F801FFF0007FC0001F00013157D941A>II114 D<00C00001C00001C00001C00001C00001C00001C0007FFFE0FFFFE0FFFFE001C00001C0 0001C00001C00001C00001C00001C00001C00001C00001C00001C07001C07001C07001C07000E0 E000FFE0007FC0001F00141C7F9B1A>116 DI<7FC7FCFFC7FE7FC7FC0E00E00E00E00F01E00701C00701C00783C003 838003838003838001C70001C70001C70000EE0000EE0000EE00007C00007C0000380017157F94 1A>I<7FC7FCFFC7FE7FC7FC0E00E00F00E00701E00701C00781C00381C003838001C38001C380 01C70000E70000E70000E600006600006E00003C00003C00003C00003C00003800003800007800 00700030700078E00079E0007FC0003F80001E000017207F941A>121 D E /Fi 51 122 df<3C7EFFFFFFFF7E3C08087C8711>46 D<001C00003C0000FC00FFFC00FFFC00 00FC0000FC0000FC0000FC0000FC0000FC0000FC0000FC0000FC0000FC0000FC0000FC0000FC00 00FC0000FC0000FC0000FC0000FC0000FC0000FC0000FC0000FC0000FC0000FC0000FC0000FC00 00FC0000FC007FFFFC7FFFFC16237CA21F>49 D<01FF0007FFC01E07F03803F86001FC7C00FEFE 00FEFE00FFFE007FFE007F7C007F3800FF0000FF0000FE0000FE0001FC0001F80003F00007E000 0780000F00001E00003C0000700000E00301C0030380070700060600060FFFFE1FFFFE3FFFFE7F FFFCFFFFFCFFFFFC18237DA21F>I<01FF0007FFE01E03F03801F83C01FC7E00FE7E00FE7E00FE 3E00FE1C01FE0001FC0001FC0003F80007F0000FC001FF0001FF000007E00001F00001F80000FC 0000FE0000FF0000FF1000FF7C00FFFE00FFFE00FFFE00FEFE00FE7C01FC7001F83E07F00FFFC0 01FF0018237DA21F>I<0000380000007800000078000000F8000001F8000003F8000007F80000 06F800000CF800001CF8000038F8000030F8000060F80000E0F80001C0F8000180F8000300F800 0700F8000E00F8001C00F8001800F8003000F8007000F800E000F800FFFFFFC0FFFFFFC00001F8 000001F8000001F8000001F8000001F8000001F8000001F800007FFFC0007FFFC01A237EA21F> I<18000C1F007C1FFFF81FFFF01FFFE01FFFC01FFF801FFE001800001800001800001800001800 0018FF001BFFE01F01F01C00F80800FC00007E00007E00007E00007F00007F78007FFC007FFC00 7FFC007FFC007EF8007E6000FC7000FC3801F81E07E007FFC001FE0018237DA21F>I<001FC000 7FF001F83803E00C07803E0F807E1F007E3F007E3F007E7E003C7E00007E00007E0000FE3FC0FE 7FF0FE80F8FF80FCFF007CFF007EFE007EFE007FFE007FFE007FFE007F7E007F7E007F7E007F7E 007F3E007E3F007E1F007C0F80F807C1F003FFC0007F0018237DA21F>I<300000003C0000003F FFFFC03FFFFFC03FFFFF807FFFFF007FFFFE007FFFFC006000180060001800E0003000C0006000 C000C0000001800000018000000300000007000000060000000E0000001E0000001E0000001E00 00003C0000003C0000007C0000007C0000007C0000007C000000FC000000FC000000FC000000FC 000000FC000000FC000000FC000000780000003000001A257DA41F>I<00FF8003FFE00F01F81C 007C38003C38001E78001E78001E7C001E7E001E7F803C7FE03C3FF8781FFCF01FFFC00FFFC003 FFE003FFF80FFFFC1E1FFC3C07FE7801FE7800FFF0003FF0001FF0000FF0000FF0000FF0000E78 000E78001C3E00381F80F007FFE000FF0018237DA21F>I<00FF0003FFC00F83E01F00F03F00F8 7E007C7E007C7E007EFE007EFE007EFE007EFE007FFE007FFE007FFE007F7E007F7E00FF3E00FF 3F01FF1F017F0FFE7F03FC7F00007F00007E00007E3C007E7E00FC7E00FC7E00F87E00F07C01F0 3003E01C0F800FFF0003F80018237DA21F>I<00001C00000000001C00000000003E0000000000 3E00000000003E00000000007F00000000007F0000000000FF8000000000FF8000000000FF8000 0000019FC0000000019FC0000000031FE0000000030FE0000000030FE00000000607F000000006 07F00000000C07F80000000C03F80000001C03FC0000001801FC0000001801FC0000003001FE00 00003000FE0000007FFFFF0000007FFFFF00000060007F000000C0007F800000C0003F800001C0 003FC0000180001FC0000180001FC0000300000FE0000300000FE0000780000FF000FFF801FFFF 80FFF801FFFF8029257EA42E>65 DI<0000FF8008000FFFF018003FC03C7800FE0006F801F80003F803F0 0001F807E00000F80FC00000781FC00000783F800000383F800000387F800000187F000000187F 00000018FF00000000FF00000000FF00000000FF00000000FF00000000FF00000000FF00000000 FF00000000FF000000007F000000007F000000187F800000183F800000183F800000181FC00000 300FC000003007E000006003F00000C001F800018000FE000700003FC01E00000FFFF8000000FF C00025257DA42C>I69 DI72 DI75 DI< FFF8000000FFF8FFFC000001FFF803FC000001FE00037E0000037E00037E0000037E00037E0000 037E00033F0000067E00033F0000067E00031F80000C7E00031F80000C7E00030FC000187E0003 0FC000187E000307E000307E000307E000307E000307E000307E000303F000607E000303F00060 7E000301F800C07E000301F800C07E000300FC01807E000300FC01807E0003007E03007E000300 7E03007E0003007E03007E0003003F06007E0003003F06007E0003001F8C007E0003001F8C007E 0003000FD8007E0003000FD8007E00030007F0007E00030007F0007E00030007F0007E00030003 E0007E00078003E0007E00FFFC01C01FFFF8FFFC01C01FFFF835257EA43A>II82 D<00FF008007FFE3800F80F7801E001F80 3C000F807800078078000380F8000380F8000180F8000180FC000180FC000000FF0000007FE000 007FFF00003FFFE0003FFFF8001FFFFE0007FFFF0003FFFF80007FFF800003FFC000003FC00000 0FE0000007E0000007E0C00003E0C00003E0C00003E0C00003C0E00003C0F00007C0F8000780FC 000F00FFC03E00E3FFF800803FE0001B257DA422>I<7FFFFFFFF87FFFFFFFF87E00FE01F87800 FE00787000FE00386000FE00186000FE0018E000FE001CE000FE000CC000FE000CC000FE000CC0 00FE000CC000FE000C0000FE00000000FE00000000FE00000000FE00000000FE00000000FE0000 0000FE00000000FE00000000FE00000000FE00000000FE00000000FE00000000FE00000000FE00 000000FE00000000FE00000000FE00000000FE00000000FE00000000FE00000000FE000000FFFF FE0000FFFFFE0026247EA32B>IIII89 D<07FF00001FFFC0003E 03E0003F01F0003F01F8003F00FC001E00FC000000FC000000FC000000FC00003FFC0003FCFC00 0FC0FC003F00FC007E00FC007E00FC00FC00FC00FC00FC00FC00FC00FC017C007E017C003F067C 001FFC3FE007F01FE01B187E971E>97 DI<007FE003FFF807C07C1F80FC1F00FC3F00FC7E 00787E0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE00007E00007F00003F000C1F 800C1FC01807E07003FFE0007F0016187E971B>I<0001FF800001FF8000001F8000001F800000 1F8000001F8000001F8000001F8000001F8000001F8000001F8000001F8000001F8000001F8000 7F1F8003FFDF8007E0FF801F803F803F001F803F001F807E001F807E001F80FE001F80FE001F80 FE001F80FE001F80FE001F80FE001F80FE001F80FE001F807E001F807E001F803F001F803F003F 801F807F800FC0FF8003FF9FF800FE1FF81D267EA522>I<007F0003FFC007C1F00F80F81F00F8 3F007C7E007C7E007EFE007EFE007EFFFFFEFFFFFEFE0000FE0000FE00007E00007E00007E0006 3F00061F000C0F801807E07003FFE0007F8017187E971C>I<000FC0007FF000F8F001F1F803F1 F803E1F807E0F007E00007E00007E00007E00007E00007E00007E000FFFF00FFFF0007E00007E0 0007E00007E00007E00007E00007E00007E00007E00007E00007E00007E00007E00007E00007E0 0007E00007E00007E00007E00007E0007FFF007FFF0015267EA513>I<01FF07C007FFDFE00F83 F1E01F01F1E03E00F8007E00FC007E00FC007E00FC007E00FC007E00FC007E00FC003E00F8001F 01F0000F83E0000FFFC00011FF00003000000030000000380000003C0000003FFFE0001FFFFC00 1FFFFE000FFFFF001FFFFF803C003F8078000FC0F80007C0F80007C0F80007C0F80007C07C000F 803E001F001F807E0007FFF80000FFC0001B247E971F>II<0F001F803FC03FC03FC03FC0 1F800F000000000000000000000000000000FFC0FFC00FC00FC00FC00FC00FC00FC00FC00FC00F C00FC00FC00FC00FC00FC00FC00FC00FC00FC00FC00FC0FFF8FFF80D277EA611>I107 DI II<007F800003FFF00007C0F8001F 807E003F003F003F003F007E001F807E001F80FE001FC0FE001FC0FE001FC0FE001FC0FE001FC0 FE001FC0FE001FC0FE001FC07E001F807E001F803F003F003F003F001F807E000FC0FC0003FFF0 00007F80001A187E971F>II114 D<07F9801FFF803C0F80700380F00180F00180F00180FC0000FF80007FFC007FFE00 3FFF800FFFC003FFC0001FE00003E0C001E0C001E0E001E0E001C0F003C0FC0780EFFF00C3FC00 13187E9718>I<00600000600000600000600000E00000E00001E00001E00003E00007E0001FE0 00FFFFC0FFFFC007E00007E00007E00007E00007E00007E00007E00007E00007E00007E00007E0 0007E00007E06007E06007E06007E06007E06007E06003E0C003F0C001FF80007E0013237FA218 >IIIIII E /Fj 28 122 df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k 34 121 df<0001C0000003C000000FC000007FC0001FFFC000FFFFC000FFBFC000E03FC0 00003FC000003FC000003FC000003FC000003FC000003FC000003FC000003FC000003FC000003F C000003FC000003FC000003FC000003FC000003FC000003FC000003FC000003FC000003FC00000 3FC000003FC000003FC000003FC000003FC000003FC000003FC000003FC000003FC000003FC000 003FC000003FC000003FC000003FC000003FC000003FC0007FFFFFE07FFFFFE07FFFFFE01B2E7A AD28>49 D<003FE00001FFFE0007FFFF800F80FFC01E003FE038001FF07C000FF87E0007FCFF00 07FCFF8007FEFF8007FEFF8003FEFF8003FE7F0003FE3E0007FE000007FE000007FC000007FC00 000FF800000FF800000FF000001FE000001FC000003F8000007F0000007E000000F8000001F000 0003E0000007C000000F0000001E000E003C000E0038000E0070001E00E0001C01C0001C030000 3C07FFFFFC0FFFFFFC1FFFFFFC3FFFFFFC7FFFFFF8FFFFFFF8FFFFFFF8FFFFFFF81F2E7CAD28> I<000003FF80018000003FFFF003800001FFFFFC07800007FF003F0F80001FF800079F80003FC0 0001FF8000FF800000FF8001FE0000007F8003FC0000003F8007FC0000001F8007F80000000F80 0FF00000000F801FF000000007801FF000000007803FE000000007803FE000000003807FE00000 0003807FE000000003807FC000000000007FC00000000000FFC00000000000FFC00000000000FF C00000000000FFC00000000000FFC00000000000FFC00000000000FFC00000000000FFC0000000 0000FFC000000000007FC000000000007FC000000000007FE000000000007FE000000003803FE0 00000003803FE000000003801FF000000003801FF000000007800FF0000000070007F800000007 0007FC0000000E0003FC0000001E0001FE0000001C0000FF8000007800003FC00000F000001FF8 0003E0000007FF003F80000001FFFFFE000000003FFFF80000000003FF80000031317CB03A>67 D69 DI<000003FF00030000007FFFF007000001FFFFFC0F 000007FF007E1F00001FF0000FBF00007FC00003FF0000FF800001FF0001FE0000007F0003FC00 00007F0007FC0000003F000FF80000001F000FF00000001F001FF00000000F001FF00000000F00 3FE000000007003FE000000007007FE000000007007FE000000007007FC00000000000FFC00000 000000FFC00000000000FFC00000000000FFC00000000000FFC00000000000FFC00000000000FF C00000000000FFC00000000000FFC00000000000FFC00000000000FFC00007FFFFFC7FC00007FF FFFC7FE00007FFFFFC7FE0000001FF003FE0000001FF003FE0000001FF001FF0000001FF001FF0 000001FF000FF0000001FF000FF8000001FF0007FC000001FF0003FC000001FF0001FE000001FF 0000FF800001FF00007FC00003FF00001FF800077F000007FF003E3F000001FFFFFC1F0000007F FFF00F00000003FF80030036317CB03F>I73 D76 D78 D80 D82 D<7FFFFFFFFFFF007FFFFFFFFF FF007FFFFFFFFFFF007FC00FF801FF007E000FF8003F007C000FF8001F0078000FF8000F007800 0FF8000F0070000FF8000700F0000FF8000780F0000FF8000780F0000FF8000780E0000FF80003 80E0000FF8000380E0000FF8000380E0000FF8000380E0000FF800038000000FF800000000000F F800000000000FF800000000000FF800000000000FF800000000000FF800000000000FF8000000 00000FF800000000000FF800000000000FF800000000000FF800000000000FF800000000000FF8 00000000000FF800000000000FF800000000000FF800000000000FF800000000000FF800000000 000FF800000000000FF800000000000FF800000000000FF800000000000FF800000000000FF800 000000000FF800000000000FF800000000000FF800000000000FF8000000007FFFFFFF0000007F FFFFFF0000007FFFFFFF000031307DAF38>84 DII<00FFF0000003FFFE00000F 803F80000FC00FE0001FE007F0001FE007F0001FE003F8000FC003FC00078003FC00000003FC00 000003FC00000003FC00000003FC000000FFFC00001FFFFC0000FFE3FC0003FC03FC000FF003FC 001FC003FC003FC003FC007F8003FC007F8003FC00FF0003FC00FF0003FC00FF0003FC00FF0007 FC00FF0007FC007F800DFC003FC019FE001FE070FFF007FFE07FF000FF803FF024207E9F27>97 D<01F8000000FFF8000000FFF8000000FFF80000000FF800000007F800000007F800000007F800 000007F800000007F800000007F800000007F800000007F800000007F800000007F800000007F8 00000007F800000007F800000007F83FE00007F8FFFC0007FBE07F0007FF001F8007FE000FC007 FC000FE007F80007F007F80007F807F80007F807F80003FC07F80003FC07F80003FC07F80003FE 07F80003FE07F80003FE07F80003FE07F80003FE07F80003FE07F80003FE07F80003FE07F80003 FC07F80003FC07F80003FC07F80007F807F80007F807F80007F007FC000FE007FE000FC007E700 3F8007C3C0FE000780FFF80007003FC00027327EB12D>I<000FFF00007FFFC001FC01F003F003 F007E007F80FE007F81FC007F83FC003F03FC001E07F8000007F8000007F800000FF800000FF80 0000FF800000FF800000FF800000FF800000FF800000FF8000007F8000007F8000007F8000003F C0001C3FC0001C1FC000380FE0003807E0007003F001E001FC07C0007FFF00000FF8001E207D9F 24>I<0000000FC0000007FFC0000007FFC0000007FFC00000007FC00000003FC00000003FC000 00003FC00000003FC00000003FC00000003FC00000003FC00000003FC00000003FC00000003FC0 0000003FC00000003FC00000003FC00007F83FC0003FFF3FC000FE07BFC003F801FFC007E0007F C00FE0007FC01FC0003FC03FC0003FC03FC0003FC07F80003FC07F80003FC07F80003FC0FF8000 3FC0FF80003FC0FF80003FC0FF80003FC0FF80003FC0FF80003FC0FF80003FC0FF80003FC07F80 003FC07F80003FC07F80003FC03FC0003FC03FC0003FC01FC0003FC00FE0007FC007E000FFC003 F003FFE001FC0F3FFE007FFE3FFE000FF03FFE27327DB12D>I<000FFC00007FFF8001FC0FC003 F003E007E001F00FE001F81FC000FC3FC000FE3FC000FE7F80007E7F80007F7F80007FFF80007F FF80007FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF800000FF800000FF800000FF8000007F8000007F8000007F8000 003FC000071FC000071FC0000E0FE0000E07F0001C03F8007800FE03E0003FFFC00007FE002020 7E9F25>I<0001FE00000FFF80001FC3C0007F07E000FE0FF001FE0FF001FC0FF003FC0FF003FC 07E003FC018003FC000003FC000003FC000003FC000003FC000003FC000003FC000003FC0000FF FFFC00FFFFFC00FFFFFC0003FC000003FC000003FC000003FC000003FC000003FC000003FC0000 03FC000003FC000003FC000003FC000003FC000003FC000003FC000003FC000003FC000003FC00 0003FC000003FC000003FC000003FC000003FC000003FC000003FC000003FC000003FC00007FFF F0007FFFF0007FFFF0001C327EB119>I<001FF007C000FFFE3FE001F83F79F007E00FC3F00FE0 0FE1F00FC007E0E01FC007F0001FC007F0003FC007F8003FC007F8003FC007F8003FC007F8003F C007F8001FC007F0001FC007F0000FC007E0000FE00FE00007E00FC00003F83F000006FFFE0000 0E1FF000000E000000001E000000001E000000001F000000001F800000001FFFFF80000FFFFFF0 000FFFFFFC0007FFFFFE0003FFFFFF0003FFFFFF800FFFFFFFC01F00007FC07E00001FE07C0000 0FE0FC000007E0FC000007E0FC000007E0FC000007E07E00000FC03E00000F803F00001F800FC0 007E0007F803FC0001FFFFF000001FFF0000242F7E9F28>I<01F8000000FFF8000000FFF80000 00FFF80000000FF800000007F800000007F800000007F800000007F800000007F800000007F800 000007F800000007F800000007F800000007F800000007F800000007F800000007F800000007F8 07F80007F83FFE0007F8783F0007F8C03F8007F9801FC007FB001FC007FE001FE007FC001FE007 FC001FE007FC001FE007F8001FE007F8001FE007F8001FE007F8001FE007F8001FE007F8001FE0 07F8001FE007F8001FE007F8001FE007F8001FE007F8001FE007F8001FE007F8001FE007F8001F E007F8001FE007F8001FE007F8001FE007F8001FE007F8001FE0FFFFC3FFFFFFFFC3FFFFFFFFC3 FFFF28327DB12D>I<03C00007E0000FF0001FF8001FF8001FF8001FF8000FF00007E00003C000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000001F800FFF800FFF800FFF800 0FF80007F80007F80007F80007F80007F80007F80007F80007F80007F80007F80007F80007F800 07F80007F80007F80007F80007F80007F80007F80007F80007F80007F80007F80007F800FFFF80 FFFF80FFFF8011337DB217>I<01F800FFF800FFF800FFF8000FF80007F80007F80007F80007F8 0007F80007F80007F80007F80007F80007F80007F80007F80007F80007F80007F80007F80007F8 0007F80007F80007F80007F80007F80007F80007F80007F80007F80007F80007F80007F80007F8 0007F80007F80007F80007F80007F80007F80007F80007F80007F80007F80007F80007F800FFFF C0FFFFC0FFFFC012327DB117>108 D<03F007F8001FE000FFF03FFE00FFF800FFF0783F01E0FC 00FFF0C03F8300FE000FF1801FC6007F0007F3001FCC007F0007F6001FF8007F8007FC001FF000 7F8007FC001FF0007F8007FC001FF0007F8007F8001FE0007F8007F8001FE0007F8007F8001FE0 007F8007F8001FE0007F8007F8001FE0007F8007F8001FE0007F8007F8001FE0007F8007F8001F E0007F8007F8001FE0007F8007F8001FE0007F8007F8001FE0007F8007F8001FE0007F8007F800 1FE0007F8007F8001FE0007F8007F8001FE0007F8007F8001FE0007F8007F8001FE0007F8007F8 001FE0007F8007F8001FE0007F80FFFFC3FFFF0FFFFCFFFFC3FFFF0FFFFCFFFFC3FFFF0FFFFC3E 207D9F43>I<03F007F800FFF03FFE00FFF0783F00FFF0C03F800FF1801FC007F3001FC007F600 1FE007FC001FE007FC001FE007FC001FE007F8001FE007F8001FE007F8001FE007F8001FE007F8 001FE007F8001FE007F8001FE007F8001FE007F8001FE007F8001FE007F8001FE007F8001FE007 F8001FE007F8001FE007F8001FE007F8001FE007F8001FE007F8001FE007F8001FE0FFFFC3FFFF FFFFC3FFFFFFFFC3FFFF28207D9F2D>I<0007FC0000007FFFC00001FC07F00003F001F80007E0 00FC000FC0007E001FC0007F003FC0007F803F80003F807F80003FC07F80003FC07F80003FC0FF 80003FE0FF80003FE0FF80003FE0FF80003FE0FF80003FE0FF80003FE0FF80003FE0FF80003FE0 7F80003FC07F80003FC07F80003FC03FC0007F803FC0007F801FC0007F000FE000FE0007E000FC 0003F803F80001FE0FF000007FFFC0000007FC000023207E9F28>I<01F83FE000FFF8FFFC00FF FBE07F00FFFF003F8007FE001FC007FC000FE007F8000FF007F80007F807F80007F807F80007FC 07F80003FC07F80003FC07F80003FE07F80003FE07F80003FE07F80003FE07F80003FE07F80003 FE07F80003FE07F80003FE07F80003FC07F80007FC07F80007FC07F80007F807F80007F807F800 0FF007FC000FE007FE001FC007FF003F8007FBC0FE0007F8FFF80007F83FC00007F800000007F8 00000007F800000007F800000007F800000007F800000007F800000007F800000007F800000007 F800000007F8000000FFFFC00000FFFFC00000FFFFC00000272E7E9F2D>I<03F03F00FFF07FC0 FFF1C3E0FFF187E00FF30FF007F60FF007F60FF007FC07E007FC03C007FC000007FC000007F800 0007F8000007F8000007F8000007F8000007F8000007F8000007F8000007F8000007F8000007F8 000007F8000007F8000007F8000007F8000007F8000007F8000007F80000FFFFE000FFFFE000FF FFE0001C207E9F21>114 D<01FF860007FFFE001F00FE003C003E0078001E0078000E00F8000E 00F8000E00F8000E00FC000000FF800000FFFC00007FFFC0007FFFF0003FFFF8001FFFFC0007FF FE0001FFFF00003FFF000000FF8000003F8060001F80E0000F80E0000F80F0000F80F0000F00F8 000F00FC001E00FE001C00FF807800F3FFF000C07F800019207D9F20>I<001C0000001C000000 1C0000001C0000001C0000003C0000003C0000003C0000007C0000007C000000FC000001FC0000 03FC000007FC00001FFFFE00FFFFFE00FFFFFE0003FC000003FC000003FC000003FC000003FC00 0003FC000003FC000003FC000003FC000003FC000003FC000003FC000003FC000003FC000003FC 000003FC000003FC038003FC038003FC038003FC038003FC038003FC038003FC038001FC038001 FC070000FE0700007F0E00003FFC000007F000192E7FAD1F>I<01F80007E0FFF803FFE0FFF803 FFE0FFF803FFE00FF8003FE007F8001FE007F8001FE007F8001FE007F8001FE007F8001FE007F8 001FE007F8001FE007F8001FE007F8001FE007F8001FE007F8001FE007F8001FE007F8001FE007 F8001FE007F8001FE007F8001FE007F8001FE007F8001FE007F8001FE007F8003FE007F8003FE0 03F8007FE003F8007FE001FC00DFF000FE039FFF007FFF1FFF000FFC1FFF28207D9F2D>I119 D<7FFF807FFC7FFF807FFC7FFF807FFC03FE000F0001FE001E0000FF003C0000FF807800007FC0 7800003FE0F000001FE1E000000FF3C000000FFF80000007FF00000003FE00000001FE00000000 FF00000000FF80000000FFC0000001FFC0000003DFE00000078FF00000078FF800000F07FC0000 1E03FC00003C01FE00007800FF0000F000FF8000E0007FC001E0003FC0FFFC01FFFFFFFC01FFFF FFFC01FFFF28207F9F2B>I E /Fl 1 14 df<0001FE00000007FF8000001E01E0000078007800 00E0001C000180000600030000030006000001800C000000C00C000000C0180000006030000000 3030000000303000000030600000001860000000186000000018C00000000CC00000000CC00000 000CC00000000CC00000000CC00000000CC00000000CC00000000CC00000000C60000000186000 000018600000001830000000303000000030300000003018000000600C000000C00C000000C006 000001800300000300018000060000E0001C000078007800001E01E0000007FF80000001FE0000 262B7DA02D>13 D E /Fm 53 122 df<001C0000001C0000001C0000007F800003FFE0000FFFF8 001F9CFC003E1C1E003C1C0F007C1C0700781C0F80F81C1F80F81C3F80F81C3F80F81C3F80FC1C 3F80FE1C1F00FF1C00007FDC00007FFC00007FFFC0003FFFE0001FFFF8000FFFFC0007FFFC0001 FFFE00007FFF00001FFF00001C7F00001C3F80381C1F807C1C1F80FE1C0F80FE1C0F80FE1C0F80 FC1C0F80F81C0F00701C0F00701C1F00381C1E003C1C3C001F9CF8000FFFF00003FFE00000FF00 00001C0000001C0000001C000019307CAC22>36 D<3C007F00FF80FF80FFC0FFC0FFC07FC03EC0 00C000C00180018001800300030006000E001C00380030000A157B8813>44 D<1C007F007F00FF80FF80FF807F007F001C0009097B8813>46 D<000E00001E00007E0007FE00 FFFE00FFFE00F8FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE00 00FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE00 00FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE007FFFFE7FFFFE7FFFFE17277BA622>49 D<00FF800007FFF0000FFFFC001E03FE003800FF807C003F80FE003FC0FF001FC0FF001FE0FF00 0FE0FF000FE07E000FE03C001FE000001FE000001FC000001FC000003F8000003F0000007E0000 00FC000000F8000001F0000003E00000078000000F0000001E0000003C00E0007000E000E000E0 01C001C0038001C0060001C00FFFFFC01FFFFFC03FFFFFC07FFFFFC0FFFFFF80FFFFFF80FFFFFF 801B277DA622>I<007F800003FFF00007FFFC000F80FE001F007F003F807F003F803F803F803F 803F803F801F803F801F003F8000007F0000007F0000007E000000FC000001F8000007F00000FF C00000FFC0000001F80000007E0000003F0000003F8000001FC000001FC000001FE000001FE03C 001FE07E001FE0FF001FE0FF001FE0FF001FC0FF003FC0FE003F807C007F003F00FE001FFFFC00 07FFF00000FF80001B277DA622>I<00000E0000001E0000003E0000007E000000FE000000FE00 0001FE000003FE0000077E00000E7E00000E7E00001C7E0000387E0000707E0000E07E0000E07E 0001C07E0003807E0007007E000E007E000E007E001C007E0038007E0070007E00E0007E00FFFF FFF8FFFFFFF8FFFFFFF80000FE000000FE000000FE000000FE000000FE000000FE000000FE0000 00FE00007FFFF8007FFFF8007FFFF81D277EA622>I<180003001F801F001FFFFE001FFFFC001F FFF8001FFFF0001FFFC0001FFF00001C0000001C0000001C0000001C0000001C0000001C000000 1C0000001C7FC0001DFFF8001F80FC001E003F0008003F0000001F8000001FC000001FC000001F E000001FE018001FE07C001FE0FE001FE0FE001FE0FE001FE0FE001FC0FC001FC078003F807800 3F803C007F001F01FE000FFFFC0003FFF00000FF80001B277DA622>I<00000780000000000780 000000000FC0000000000FC0000000000FC0000000001FE0000000001FE0000000003FF0000000 003FF0000000003FF00000000077F80000000077F800000000F7FC00000000E3FC00000000E3FC 00000001C1FE00000001C1FE00000003C1FF0000000380FF0000000380FF00000007007F800000 07007F8000000F007FC000000E003FC000000E003FC000001C001FE000001C001FE000003FFFFF F000003FFFFFF000003FFFFFF00000700007F80000700007F80000F00007FC0000E00003FC0000 E00003FC0001C00001FE0001C00001FE0003C00001FF00FFFE003FFFFCFFFE003FFFFCFFFE003F FFFC2E297EA833>65 DI<00007FE0030007FFFC07001F FFFF0F007FF00F9F00FF0001FF01FC0000FF03F800007F07F000003F0FE000001F1FC000001F1F C000000F3F8000000F3F800000077F800000077F800000077F00000000FF00000000FF00000000 FF00000000FF00000000FF00000000FF00000000FF00000000FF00000000FF000000007F000000 007F800000007F800000073F800000073F800000071FC00000071FC000000E0FE000000E07F000 001C03F800003C01FC00007800FF0001F0007FF007C0001FFFFF800007FFFE0000007FF0002829 7CA831>IIII<00007FE003000007FFFC0700001FFFFF0F00007F F00F9F0000FF0001FF0001FC0000FF0003F800007F0007F000003F000FE000001F001FC000001F 001FC000000F003F8000000F003F80000007007F80000007007F80000007007F0000000000FF00 00000000FF0000000000FF0000000000FF0000000000FF0000000000FF0000000000FF00000000 00FF0000000000FF0000FFFFF87F0000FFFFF87F8000FFFFF87F800000FF003F800000FF003F80 0000FF001FC00000FF001FC00000FF000FE00000FF0007F00000FF0003F80000FF0001FC0000FF 0000FF0001FF00007FF007FF00001FFFFF9F000007FFFE0F0000007FF003002D297CA835>III75 DIII<0000FFC0000000 0FFFFC0000003F807F000000FE001FC00001F80007E00003F00003F00007E00001F8000FE00001 FC001FC00000FE001FC00000FE003F8000007F003F8000007F007F8000007F807F0000003F807F 0000003F807F0000003F80FF0000003FC0FF0000003FC0FF0000003FC0FF0000003FC0FF000000 3FC0FF0000003FC0FF0000003FC0FF0000003FC0FF0000003FC0FF0000003FC07F0000003F807F 8000007F807F8000007F803F8000007F003F8000007F001FC00000FE001FC00000FE000FE00001 FC0007F00003F80003F80007F00001FC000FE00000FE001FC000003FC0FF0000000FFFFC000000 00FFC000002A297CA833>II<0000FFC00000000FFFFC 0000003FC0FF000000FE001FC00001FC000FE00003F00003F00007F00003F8000FE00001FC001F C00000FE001FC00000FE003F8000007F003F8000007F007F8000007F807F8000007F807F000000 3F807F0000003F80FF0000003FC0FF0000003FC0FF0000003FC0FF0000003FC0FF0000003FC0FF 0000003FC0FF0000003FC0FF0000003FC0FF0000003FC0FF0000003FC07F0000003F807F800000 7F807F8000007F803F8000007F003F8000007F001FC00000FE001FC03E00FE000FE07F81FC0007 E0C1C1F80003F18063F00001F98067E00000FF803FC000003FC07F0000000FFFFC00000000FFF8 00C00000003C00C00000001E00C00000001E01C00000001F83C00000001FFFC00000000FFF8000 00000FFF800000000FFF0000000007FF0000000003FE0000000001FC0000000000F8002A357CA8 33>II<00FF00C003FFE1C00FFFF9C01F80FFC03F 003FC03E000FC07C0007C07C0007C0FC0003C0FC0003C0FC0001C0FE0001C0FE0001C0FF000000 FFC000007FFC00007FFFE0003FFFF8001FFFFE001FFFFF0007FFFF8003FFFFC000FFFFC0000FFF E000007FE000001FF000000FF0000007F0E00003F0E00003F0E00003F0E00003F0F00003E0F000 03E0F80007E0FC0007C0FF000F80FFE01F80E3FFFF00E1FFFC00C01FF0001C297CA825>I<7FFF FFFFFF807FFFFFFFFF807FFFFFFFFF807F807F807F807C007F800F8078007F80078078007F8007 8070007F800380F0007F8003C0F0007F8003C0E0007F8001C0E0007F8001C0E0007F8001C0E000 7F8001C0E0007F8001C000007F80000000007F80000000007F80000000007F80000000007F8000 0000007F80000000007F80000000007F80000000007F80000000007F80000000007F8000000000 7F80000000007F80000000007F80000000007F80000000007F80000000007F80000000007F8000 0000007F80000000007F80000000007F80000000007F80000000FFFFFFC00000FFFFFFC00000FF FFFFC0002A287EA72F>IIII89 D<03FF80000FFFF0001F01FC003F80FE003F807F003F803F 003F803F801F003F8000003F8000003F8000003F8000003F80003FFF8001FC3F800FE03F801F80 3F803F003F807E003F80FC003F80FC003F80FC003F80FC003F80FC005F807E00DF803F839FFC1F FE0FFC03F803FC1E1B7E9A21>97 DI<003FF00001 FFFC0003F03E000FC07F001F807F003F007F003F007F007F003E007E0000007E000000FE000000 FE000000FE000000FE000000FE000000FE000000FE0000007E0000007E0000007F0000003F0003 803F8003801F8007000FE00E0003F83C0001FFF800003FC000191B7E9A1E>I<00007FF000007F F000007FF0000007F0000007F0000007F0000007F0000007F0000007F0000007F0000007F00000 07F0000007F0000007F0000007F0003F87F001FFF7F007F03FF00FC00FF01F8007F03F0007F03F 0007F07E0007F07E0007F07E0007F0FE0007F0FE0007F0FE0007F0FE0007F0FE0007F0FE0007F0 FE0007F0FE0007F07E0007F07E0007F03F0007F03F0007F01F800FF00FC01FF007E07FFF01FFE7 FF007F87FF202A7EA925>I<003FC00001FFF00003E07C000F803E001F801F001F001F003F000F 807E000F807E000FC07E000FC0FE0007C0FE0007C0FFFFFFC0FFFFFFC0FE000000FE000000FE00 00007E0000007E0000007F0000003F0001C01F0001C00F80038007C0070003F01E0000FFFC0000 3FE0001A1B7E9A1F>I<0007F8003FFC007E3E01FC7F03F87F03F07F07F07F07F03E07F00007F0 0007F00007F00007F00007F00007F000FFFFC0FFFFC0FFFFC007F00007F00007F00007F00007F0 0007F00007F00007F00007F00007F00007F00007F00007F00007F00007F00007F00007F00007F0 0007F00007F00007F0007FFF807FFF807FFF80182A7EA915>I<007F80F001FFE3F807C0FE1C0F 807C7C1F003E7C1F003E103F003F003F003F003F003F003F003F003F003F003F003F001F003E00 1F003E000F807C0007C0F80005FFE0000C7F8000180000001C0000001C0000001E0000001FFFF8 001FFFFF000FFFFFC007FFFFE003FFFFF00FFFFFF03E0007F07C0001F8F80000F8F80000F8F800 00F8F80000F87C0001F07C0001F03F0007E00FC01F8007FFFF00007FF0001E287E9A22>II<07000F801FC03FE03FE03FE01FC00F80070000000000 00000000000000000000FFE0FFE0FFE00FE00FE00FE00FE00FE00FE00FE00FE00FE00FE00FE00F E00FE00FE00FE00FE00FE00FE00FE00FE00FE0FFFEFFFEFFFE0F2B7EAA12>I108 DII<003FE00001FFFC0003F07E000FC01F801F800FC03F0007E03F0007E07E0003F0 7E0003F07E0003F0FE0003F8FE0003F8FE0003F8FE0003F8FE0003F8FE0003F8FE0003F8FE0003 F87E0003F07E0003F03F0007E03F0007E01F800FC00FC01F8007F07F0001FFFC00003FE0001D1B 7E9A22>II114 D<03FE300FFFF03E03F07800F07000F0 F00070F00070F80070FE0000FFE0007FFF007FFFC03FFFE01FFFF007FFF800FFF80007FC0000FC E0007CE0003CF0003CF00038F80038FC0070FF01E0E7FFC0C1FF00161B7E9A1B>I<0070000070 0000700000700000F00000F00000F00001F00003F00003F00007F0001FFFE0FFFFE0FFFFE007F0 0007F00007F00007F00007F00007F00007F00007F00007F00007F00007F00007F00007F00007F0 7007F07007F07007F07007F07007F07007F07003F0E001F8C000FFC0003F0014267FA51A>IIIIII E /Fn 86 127 df<70F8F8F8F8F8F8F8F8F8F8F8F8F8F8F8F870 000000000070F8F8F870051C779B18>33 D<4010E038F078E038E038E038E038E038E038E038E0 38E038E03860300D0E7B9C18>I<030600078F00078F00078F00078F00078F00078F007FFFC0FF FFE0FFFFE07FFFC00F1E000F1E000F1E000F1E000F1E000F1E007FFFC0FFFFE0FFFFE07FFFC01E 3C001E3C001E3C001E3C001E3C001E3C000C1800131C7E9B18>I<00C00001C00001C00001C000 03F0000FFC003FFE007DCF0071C700E1C380E1C780E1C780E1C780F1C00079C0003DC0001FE000 0FF80003FC0001DE0001CF0001C70061C380F1C380F1C380E1C380E1C70071C70079DE003FFE00 1FF80007E00001C00001C00001C00000C00011247D9F18>I<3803007C07807C0780EE0F80EE0F 00EE0F00EE1F00EE1E00EE1E00EE3E007C3C007C3C00387C0000780000780000F80000F00001F0 0001E00001E00003E00003C00003C00007C0000783800787C00F87C00F0EE00F0EE01F0EE01E0E E01E0EE03E0EE03C07C03C07C018038013247E9F18>I<01C00007E0000FF0000E70001C38001C 38001C38001C38001C73F01C73F01CE3F00FE3800FC7000F87000F07001F0E003F0E007B8E0073 DC00E1DC00E0F800E0F800E07070E0787070FC707FFFE03FCFE00F03C0141C7F9B18>I<387C7C 7E3E0E0E0E1C1C38F8F0C0070E789B18>I<007000F001E003C007800F001E001C003800380070 00700070007000E000E000E000E000E000E000E000E0007000700070007000380038001C001E00 0F00078003C001F000F000700C24799F18>I<6000F00078003C001E000F000780038001C001C0 00E000E000E000E00070007000700070007000700070007000E000E000E000E001C001C0038007 800F001E003C007800F00060000C247C9F18>I<01C00001C00001C00001C000C1C180F1C780F9 CF807FFF001FFC0007F00007F0001FFC007FFF00F9CF80F1C780C1C18001C00001C00001C00001 C00011147D9718>I<00600000F00000F00000F00000F00000F00000F00000F0007FFFC0FFFFE0 FFFFE07FFFC000F00000F00000F00000F00000F00000F00000F00000600013147E9718>I<1C3E 7E7F3F1F070E1E7CF860080C788518>I<7FFF00FFFF80FFFF807FFF0011047D8F18>I<3078FCFC 78300606778518>I<000300000780000780000F80000F00001F00001E00001E00003E00003C00 007C0000780000780000F80000F00001F00001E00003E00003C00003C00007C0000780000F8000 0F00000F00001F00001E00003E00003C00003C00007C0000780000F80000F00000F00000600000 11247D9F18>I<01F00007FC000FFE001F1F001C07003803807803C07001C07001C0E000E0E000 E0E000E0E000E0E000E0E000E0E000E0E000E0E000E0F001E07001C07001C07803C03803801C07 001F1F000FFE0007FC0001F000131C7E9B18>I<01800380038007800F803F80FF80FB80438003 800380038003800380038003800380038003800380038003800380038003807FFCFFFE7FFC0F1C 7B9B18>I<03F0000FFE003FFF007C0F807003C0E001C0F000E0F000E06000E00000E00000E000 01C00001C00003C0000780000F00001E00003C0000780000F00001E00007C0000F80001E00E03C 00E07FFFE0FFFFE07FFFE0131C7E9B18>I<001F00003F0000770000770000E70001E70001C700 0387000787000707000E07001E07003C0700380700780700F00700FFFFF8FFFFF8FFFFF8000700 000700000700000700000700000700007FF000FFF8007FF0151C7F9B18>52 D<007E0001FF0007FF800F83C01E03C01C03C0380180380000700000700000E1F800E7FE00FFFF 00FE0780F803C0F001C0F000E0E000E0F000E07000E07000E07000E03801C03C03C01E07800FFF 0007FE0001F800131C7E9B18>54 D<3078FCFC783000000000000000003078FCFC783006147793 18>58 D<183C7E7E3C180000000000000000183C7E7E3E1E0E1C3C78F060071A789318>I<0003 00000780001F80003F00007E0001FC0003F00007E0001FC0003F00007E0000FC0000FC00007E00 003F00001FC00007E00003F00001FC00007E00003F00001F8000078000030011187D9918>I<7F FFC0FFFFE0FFFFE0FFFFE0000000000000000000000000FFFFE0FFFFE0FFFFE07FFFC0130C7E93 18>I<600000F00000FC00007E00003F00001FC00007E00003F00001FC00007E00003F00001F80 001F80003F00007E0001FC0003F00007E0001FC0003F00007E0000FC0000F0000060000011187D 9918>I<0FF0003FFC007FFF00700F00F00380F00380600780000F00003E00007C0001F00001E0 0003C00003C00003C00003C00003C00003800000000000000000000000000000000003800007C0 0007C00007C000038000111C7D9B18>I<007C0001FE0007FF000F87801E03C03C1DC0387FC070 FFE071E3E071C1E0E1C1E0E380E0E380E0E380E0E380E0E380E0E380E0E1C1C071C1C071E3C070 FF80387F003C1C001E00E00F83E007FFC001FF80007E00131C7E9B18>I<00700000F80000F800 00D80000D80001DC0001DC0001DC00018C00038E00038E00038E00038E00030600070700070700 0707000707000FFF800FFF800FFF800E03800E03801C01C01C01C07F07F0FF8FF87F07F0151C7F 9B18>II<00F8E003FEE007FFE00F07E01E03E03C01E03800E070 00E07000E0700000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E000007000007000E070 00E03800E03C00E01E01C00F07C007FF8003FE0000F800131C7E9B18>I<7FF800FFFE007FFF00 1C0F801C03C01C03C01C01E01C00E01C00E01C00F01C00701C00701C00701C00701C00701C0070 1C00701C00701C00F01C00E01C00E01C01E01C01C01C03C01C0F807FFF00FFFE007FF800141C7F 9B18>III<01F1C003FDC00FFFC0 1F0FC01C03C03803C03801C07001C07001C0700000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00FF0 E01FF0E00FF07001C07001C07003C03803C03803C01C07C01F0FC00FFFC003FDC001F1C0141C7E 9B18>I<7FFF00FFFF807FFF0001C00001C00001C00001C00001C00001C00001C00001C00001C0 0001C00001C00001C00001C00001C00001C00001C00001C00001C00001C00001C00001C00001C0 007FFF00FFFF807FFF00111C7D9B18>73 D<01FFC003FFC001FFC0000E00000E00000E00000E00 000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00 000E00000E00F00E00F00E00F03C007FFC003FF0000FC000121C7D9B18>I<7F07F0FF87F87F07 F01C03C01C07801C07001C0E001C1E001C3C001C38001C70001CF0001DF0001DF0001FB8001FB8 001F1C001E1C001C0E001C0E001C07001C07001C03801C03801C01C07F03F0FF87F87F03F0151C 7F9B18>I<7FE000FFE0007FE0000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E 00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00700E00700E00700E00700E 00707FFFF0FFFFF07FFFF0141C7F9B18>II<7E07F0FF0FF87F07 F01D81C01D81C01D81C01DC1C01CC1C01CC1C01CE1C01CE1C01CE1C01C61C01C71C01C71C01C31 C01C39C01C39C01C39C01C19C01C19C01C1DC01C0DC01C0DC01C0DC07F07C0FF87C07F03C0151C 7F9B18>I<0FF8003FFE007FFF00780F00700700F00780E00380E00380E00380E00380E00380E0 0380E00380E00380E00380E00380E00380E00380E00380E00380E00380E00380F0078070070078 0F007FFF003FFE000FF800111C7D9B18>II<0FF8003FFE007FFF 00780F00700700F00780E00380E00380E00380E00380E00380E00380E00380E00380E00380E003 80E00380E00380E00380E00380E1E380E1E380F0E78070F700787F007FFF003FFE000FFC00001C 00001E00000E00000F0000070000070011227D9B18>I<7FF800FFFE007FFF001C0F801C03801C 03C01C01C01C01C01C01C01C03C01C03801C0F801FFF001FFE001FFE001C0F001C07001C03801C 03801C03801C03801C03801C039C1C039C1C039C7F01F8FF81F87F00F0161C7F9B18>I<03F380 1FFF803FFF807C0F80700780E00380E00380E00380E000007000007800003F00001FF00007FE00 00FF00000F800003C00001C00000E00000E06000E0E000E0E001E0F001C0F80780FFFF80FFFE00 E7F800131C7E9B18>I<7FFFF8FFFFF8FFFFF8E07038E07038E07038E070380070000070000070 000070000070000070000070000070000070000070000070000070000070000070000070000070 0000700000700007FF0007FF0007FF00151C7F9B18>IIII<7F8FE07F9FE07F8FE00E07000F070007 0E00078E00039C0003DC0001F80001F80000F00000F00000700000F00000F80001F80001DC0003 9E00038E00070F000707000E07800E03801E03C07F07F0FF8FF87F07F0151C7F9B18>II91 D<600000F00000F00000F800007800007C00003C00003C00003E0000 1E00001F00000F00000F00000F800007800007C00003C00003C00003E00001E00001F00000F000 00F800007800007800007C00003C00003E00001E00001E00001F00000F00000F80000780000780 00030011247D9F18>II<7FFF00FFFF80FFFF807FFF0011047D7F18>95 D<061E3E387070E0E0E0F8FC7C7C38070E789E18>I<1FE0003FF8007FFC00781E00300E000007 0000070000FF0007FF001FFF007F0700780700E00700E00700E00700F00F00781F003FFFF01FFB F007E1F014147D9318>I<7E0000FE00007E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E3E000E FF800FFFC00FC1E00F80E00F00700E00700E00380E00380E00380E00380E00380E00380F00700F 00700F80E00FC1E00FFFC00EFF80063E00151C809B18>I<01FE0007FF001FFF803E0780380300 700000700000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E000007000007001C03801C03E03C01FFF80 07FF0001FC0012147D9318>I<001F80003F80001F8000038000038000038000038000038003E3 800FFB801FFF803C1F80380F80700780700380E00380E00380E00380E00380E00380E003807007 80700780380F803C1F801FFFF00FFBF803E3F0151C7E9B18>I<01F00007FC001FFE003E0F0038 0780700380700380E001C0E001C0FFFFC0FFFFC0FFFFC0E000007000007001C03801C03E03C01F FF8007FF0001FC0012147D9318>I<001F80007FC000FFE000E1E001C0C001C00001C00001C000 7FFFC0FFFFC0FFFFC001C00001C00001C00001C00001C00001C00001C00001C00001C00001C000 01C00001C00001C00001C0007FFF007FFF007FFF00131C7F9B18>I<01E1F007FFF80FFFF81E1E 301C0E003807003807003807003807003807001C0E001E1E001FFC001FF80039E0003800001C00 001FFE001FFFC03FFFE07801F0700070E00038E00038E00038E000387800F07E03F01FFFC00FFF 8001FC00151F7F9318>I<7E0000FE00007E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E3E000E FF800FFFC00FC1C00F80E00F00E00E00E00E00E00E00E00E00E00E00E00E00E00E00E00E00E00E 00E00E00E00E00E07FC3FCFFE7FE7FC3FC171C809B18>I<03800007C00007C00007C000038000 0000000000000000000000007FC000FFC0007FC00001C00001C00001C00001C00001C00001C000 01C00001C00001C00001C00001C00001C00001C00001C000FFFF00FFFF80FFFF00111D7C9C18> I<0038007C007C007C003800000000000000000FFC1FFC0FFC001C001C001C001C001C001C001C 001C001C001C001C001C001C001C001C001C001C001C001C001C001C001C6038F078FFF07FE03F 800E277E9C18>II<7FE000FFE0007FE00000E00000E00000E000 00E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E000 00E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E0007FFFC0FFFFE07FFFC0131C7E9B18>I<7CE0E000FF FBF8007FFFF8001F1F1C001E1E1C001E1E1C001C1C1C001C1C1C001C1C1C001C1C1C001C1C1C00 1C1C1C001C1C1C001C1C1C001C1C1C001C1C1C001C1C1C007F1F1F00FFBFBF807F1F1F00191481 9318>I<7E3E00FEFF807FFFC00FC1C00F80E00F00E00E00E00E00E00E00E00E00E00E00E00E00 E00E00E00E00E00E00E00E00E00E00E07FC3FCFFE7FE7FC3FC1714809318>I<01F0000FFE001F FF003E0F803803807001C07001C0E000E0E000E0E000E0E000E0E000E0F001E07001C07803C03C 07803E0F801FFF000FFE0001F00013147E9318>I<7E3E00FEFF807FFFC00FC1E00F80E00F0070 0E00700E00380E00380E00380E00380E00380E00380F00700F00700F80E00FC1E00FFFC00EFF80 0E3E000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00007FC000FFE0007FC000151E809318> I<01E38007FB801FFF803E1F80380F80700780700780E00380E00380E00380E00380E00380E003 80700780700780380F803C1F801FFF800FFB8003E3800003800003800003800003800003800003 80000380003FF8003FF8003FF8151E7E9318>I<7F87E0FF9FF07FBFF803F87803F03003E00003 C00003C0000380000380000380000380000380000380000380000380000380007FFE00FFFF007F FE0015147F9318>I<07F7003FFF007FFF00780F00E00700E00700E007007C00007FE0001FFC00 03FE00001F00600780E00380E00380F00380F80F00FFFF00FFFC00E7F00011147D9318>I<0180 000380000380000380000380007FFFC0FFFFC0FFFFC00380000380000380000380000380000380 000380000380000380000380400380E00380E00380E001C1C001FFC000FF80003E0013197F9818 >I<7E07E0FE0FE07E07E00E00E00E00E00E00E00E00E00E00E00E00E00E00E00E00E00E00E00E 00E00E00E00E00E00E01E00F03E007FFFC03FFFE01FCFC1714809318>I<7F8FF0FF8FF87F8FF0 1E03C00E03800E03800E0380070700070700070700038E00038E00038E00038E0001DC0001DC00 01DC0000F80000F80000700015147F9318>II<7F8FF07F9FF07F8FF0070700078E00039E0001DC0001F80000F80000700000 F00000F80001DC00039E00038E000707000F07807F8FF0FF8FF87F8FF015147F9318>I<7F8FF0 FF8FF87F8FF00E01C00E03800E0380070380070700070700038700038600038E0001CE0001CE00 00CC0000CC0000DC0000780000780000780000700000700000700000F00000E00079E0007BC000 7F80003F00001E0000151E7F9318>I<3FFFF07FFFF07FFFF07001E07003C0700780000F00001E 00003C0000F80001F00003C0000780000F00701E00703C0070780070FFFFF0FFFFF0FFFFF01414 7F9318>I<0007E0001FE0007FE000780000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000 E00000E00000E00000E00001E0007FC000FF8000FF80007FC00001E00000E00000E00000E00000 E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E000007800007FE0001FE00007E013247E9F 18>I<60F0F0F0F0F0F0F0F0F0F0F0F0F0F0F0F0F0F0F0F0F0F0F0F0F0F0F0F0F0F0F0F0F0F060 0424769F18>I<7C0000FF0000FFC00003C00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E0 0000E00000E00000E00000E00000F000007FC0003FE0003FE0007FC000F00000E00000E00000E0 0000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00003C000FFC000FF00007C00001324 7E9F18>I<060C1F1E3FBEFBF8F1F060C00F067C9B18>I E /Fo 76 124 df<001F83E000F06E3001C078780380F8780300F0300700700007007000070070000700700007 0070000700700007007000FFFFFF80070070000700700007007000070070000700700007007000 070070000700700007007000070070000700700007007000070070000700700007007000070070 0007007000070070007FE3FF001D20809F1B>11 D<003F0000E0C001C0C00381E00701E00701E0 070000070000070000070000070000070000FFFFE00700E00700E00700E00700E00700E00700E0 0700E00700E00700E00700E00700E00700E00700E00700E00700E00700E00700E00700E07FC3FE 1720809F19>I<003FE000E0E001C1E00381E00700E00700E00700E00700E00700E00700E00700 E00700E0FFFFE00700E00700E00700E00700E00700E00700E00700E00700E00700E00700E00700 E00700E00700E00700E00700E00700E00700E00700E07FE7FE1720809F19>I<001F81F80000F0 4F040001C07C06000380F80F000300F00F000700F00F0007007000000700700000070070000007 0070000007007000000700700000FFFFFFFF000700700700070070070007007007000700700700 070070070007007007000700700700070070070007007007000700700700070070070007007007 000700700700070070070007007007000700700700070070070007007007007FE3FE3FF0242080 9F26>I<0080008007E00C981084208260824081C087C08FC08FC086E080F08078803F803FE01F F807FC00FE009E008E00870087F083F083F0838083808240864084208818B007C0008000800080 10257DA117>36 D<70F8FCFC74040404080810102040060E7C9F0D>39 D<002000400080010002 0006000C000C00180018003000300030007000600060006000E000E000E000E000E000E000E000 E000E000E000E000E0006000600060007000300030003000180018000C000C0006000200010000 80004000200B2E7DA112>I<800040002000100008000C00060006000300030001800180018001 C000C000C000C000E000E000E000E000E000E000E000E000E000E000E000E000C000C000C001C0 01800180018003000300060006000C00080010002000400080000B2E7DA112>I<70F8FCFC7404 0404080810102040060E7C840D>44 DI<70F8F8F87005057C840D>I<03 F0000E1C001C0E00180600380700700380700380700380700380F003C0F003C0F003C0F003C0F0 03C0F003C0F003C0F003C0F003C0F003C0F003C0F003C0F003C070038070038070038078078038 07001806001C0E000E1C0003F000121F7E9D17>48 D<018003800F80F380038003800380038003 800380038003800380038003800380038003800380038003800380038003800380038003800380 07C0FFFE0F1E7C9D17>I<03F0000C1C00100E00200700400780800780F007C0F803C0F803C0F8 03C02007C00007C0000780000780000F00000E00001C0000380000700000600000C00001800003 00000600400C00401800401000803FFF807FFF80FFFF80121E7E9D17>I<03F0000C1C00100E00 200F00780F80780780780780380F80000F80000F00000F00000E00001C0000380003F000003C00 000E00000F000007800007800007C02007C0F807C0F807C0F807C0F00780400780400F00200E00 1C3C0003F000121F7E9D17>I<000600000600000E00000E00001E00002E00002E00004E00008E 00008E00010E00020E00020E00040E00080E00080E00100E00200E00200E00400E00C00E00FFFF F0000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E0000FFE0141E7F9D17>I<1803001FFE001F FC001FF8001FE00010000010000010000010000010000010000011F000161C00180E0010070010 07800003800003800003C00003C00003C07003C0F003C0F003C0E0038040038040070020060010 0E000C380003E000121F7E9D17>I<007C000182000701000E03800C07801C0780380300380000 780000700000700000F1F000F21C00F40600F80700F80380F80380F003C0F003C0F003C0F003C0 F003C07003C07003C07003803803803807001807000C0E00061C0001F000121F7E9D17>I<4000 007FFFC07FFF807FFF804001008002008002008004000008000008000010000020000020000040 0000400000C00000C00001C0000180000380000380000380000380000780000780000780000780 00078000078000078000030000121F7D9D17>I<03F0000C0C0010060030030020018060018060 01806001807001807803003E03003F06001FC8000FF00003F80007FC000C7E00103F00300F8060 03804001C0C001C0C000C0C000C0C000C0C000806001802001001002000C0C0003F000121F7E9D 17>I<03F0000E18001C0C00380600380700700700700380F00380F00380F003C0F003C0F003C0 F003C0F003C07007C07007C03807C0180BC00E13C003E3C0000380000380000380000700300700 780600780E00700C002018001070000FC000121F7E9D17>I<70F8F8F870000000000000000000 0070F8F8F87005147C930D>I<70F8F8F8700000000000000000000070F0F8F878080808101010 202040051D7C930D>I<000100000003800000038000000380000007C0000007C0000007C00000 09E0000009E0000009E0000010F0000010F0000010F00000207800002078000020780000403C00 00403C0000403C0000801E0000801E0000FFFE0001000F0001000F0001000F0002000780020007 8002000780040003C00E0003C01F0007E0FFC03FFE1F207F9F22>65 DI<000FC040007030C001C009C0038005C0070003C00E0001C01E0000C01C0000C03C0000 C07C0000407C00004078000040F8000000F8000000F8000000F8000000F8000000F8000000F800 0000F8000000F8000000780000007C0000407C0000403C0000401C0000401E0000800E00008007 0001000380020001C0040000703800000FC0001A217D9F21>I III<000FE0200078186000E0 04E0038002E0070001E00F0000E01E0000601E0000603C0000603C0000207C00002078000020F8 000000F8000000F8000000F8000000F8000000F8000000F8000000F8007FFCF80003E0780001E0 7C0001E03C0001E03C0001E01E0001E01E0001E00F0001E0070001E0038002E000E00460007818 20000FE0001E217D9F24>III<0FFFC0007C00003C00003C00003C00003C00003C0000 3C00003C00003C00003C00003C00003C00003C00003C00003C00003C00003C00003C00003C0000 3C00003C00003C00203C00F83C00F83C00F83C00F0380040780040700030E0000F800012207E9E 17>III< FF80001FF80F80001F800780001F0005C0002F0005C0002F0005C0002F0004E0004F0004E0004F 000470008F000470008F000470008F000438010F000438010F000438010F00041C020F00041C02 0F00041C020F00040E040F00040E040F00040E040F000407080F000407080F000407080F000403 900F000403900F000401E00F000401E00F000401E00F000E00C00F001F00C01F80FFE0C1FFF825 1F7E9E2A>II<001F800000F0F00001C0380007801E000F000F 000E0007001E0007803C0003C03C0003C07C0003E0780001E0780001E0F80001F0F80001F0F800 01F0F80001F0F80001F0F80001F0F80001F0F80001F0F80001F0780001E07C0003E07C0003E03C 0003C03C0003C01E0007800E0007000F000F0007801E0001C0380000F0F000001F80001C217D9F 23>II82 D<07E0800C1980100780300380600180600180E00180E00080E00080E00080F00000F000007800 007F00003FF0001FFC000FFE0003FF00001F800007800003C00003C00001C08001C08001C08001 C08001C0C00180C00380E00300F00600CE0C0081F80012217D9F19>I<7FFFFFE0780F01E0600F 0060400F0020400F0020C00F0030800F0010800F0010800F0010800F0010000F0000000F000000 0F0000000F0000000F0000000F0000000F0000000F0000000F0000000F0000000F0000000F0000 000F0000000F0000000F0000000F0000000F0000000F0000000F0000001F800007FFFE001C1F7E 9E21>II II89 D91 D93 D<081020204040808080B8FCFC7C38060E7D9F0D>96 D<1FE000303000781800781C00300E00000E00000E00000E0000FE00078E001E0E00380E00780E 00F00E10F00E10F00E10F01E10781E103867200F83C014147E9317>I<0E0000FE00000E00000E 00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E3E000EC3800F01C00F00E00E 00E00E00700E00700E00780E00780E00780E00780E00780E00780E00700E00700E00E00F00E00D 01C00CC300083E0015207F9F19>I<03F80E0C1C1E381E380C70007000F000F000F000F000F000 F00070007000380138011C020E0C03F010147E9314>I<000380003F8000038000038000038000 038000038000038000038000038000038000038003E380061B801C078038038038038070038070 0380F00380F00380F00380F00380F00380F003807003807003803803803807801C07800E1B8003 E3F815207E9F19>I<03F0000E1C001C0E00380700380700700700700380F00380F00380FFFF80 F00000F00000F000007000007000003800801800800C010007060001F80011147F9314>I<007C 00C6018F038F07060700070007000700070007000700FFF0070007000700070007000700070007 0007000700070007000700070007000700070007007FF01020809F0E>I<0000E003E3300E3C30 1C1C30380E00780F00780F00780F00780F00780F00380E001C1C001E380033E000200000200000 3000003000003FFE001FFF800FFFC03001E0600070C00030C00030C00030C000306000603000C0 1C038003FC00141F7F9417>I<0E0000FE00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00 000E00000E00000E00000E3E000E43000E81800F01C00F01C00E01C00E01C00E01C00E01C00E01 C00E01C00E01C00E01C00E01C00E01C00E01C00E01C00E01C00E01C0FFE7FC16207F9F19>I<1C 003E003E003E001C000000000000000000000000000E007E000E000E000E000E000E000E000E00 0E000E000E000E000E000E000E000E000E000E00FFC00A1F809E0C>I<00E001F001F001F000E0 000000000000000000000000007007F000F0007000700070007000700070007000700070007000 7000700070007000700070007000700070007000706070F060F0C061803F000C28829E0E>I<0E 0000FE00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E0FF00E 03C00E03000E02000E04000E08000E10000E30000E70000EF8000F38000E1C000E1E000E0E000E 07000E07800E03800E03C00E03E0FFCFF815207F9F18>I<0E00FE000E000E000E000E000E000E 000E000E000E000E000E000E000E000E000E000E000E000E000E000E000E000E000E000E000E00 0E000E000E000E00FFE00B20809F0C>I<0E1F01F000FE618618000E81C81C000F00F00E000F00 F00E000E00E00E000E00E00E000E00E00E000E00E00E000E00E00E000E00E00E000E00E00E000E 00E00E000E00E00E000E00E00E000E00E00E000E00E00E000E00E00E000E00E00E00FFE7FE7FE0 23147F9326>I<0E3E00FE43000E81800F01C00F01C00E01C00E01C00E01C00E01C00E01C00E01 C00E01C00E01C00E01C00E01C00E01C00E01C00E01C00E01C0FFE7FC16147F9319>I<01F80007 0E001C03803801C03801C07000E07000E0F000F0F000F0F000F0F000F0F000F0F000F07000E070 00E03801C03801C01C0380070E0001F80014147F9317>I<0E3E00FEC3800F01C00F00E00E00E0 0E00F00E00700E00780E00780E00780E00780E00780E00780E00700E00F00E00E00F01E00F01C0 0EC3000E3E000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E0000FFE000151D7F9319> I<03E0800619801C05803C0780380380780380700380F00380F00380F00380F00380F00380F003 807003807803803803803807801C0B800E138003E3800003800003800003800003800003800003 80000380000380003FF8151D7E9318>I<0E78FE8C0F1E0F1E0F0C0E000E000E000E000E000E00 0E000E000E000E000E000E000E000E00FFE00F147F9312>I<1F9030704030C010C010C010E000 78007F803FE00FF00070803880188018C018C018E030D0608F800D147E9312>I<020002000200 060006000E000E003E00FFF80E000E000E000E000E000E000E000E000E000E000E000E080E080E 080E080E080610031001E00D1C7F9B12>I<0E01C0FE1FC00E01C00E01C00E01C00E01C00E01C0 0E01C00E01C00E01C00E01C00E01C00E01C00E01C00E01C00E01C00E03C00603C0030DC001F1FC 16147F9319>III<7FC3FC0F01E00701C007018003810001C20000E40000EC00007800003800003C0000 7C00004E000087000107000303800201C00601E01E01E0FF07FE1714809318>II<3FFF380E200E201C40384078407000E001E001C00380078007010E011E 011C0338027006700EFFFE10147F9314>II E /Fp 14 122 df<0000001FFC0000C000000003FFFFC001C00000001FFFFFF003C00000007FFFFFFC07 C0000001FFFC00FE0FC0000007FFC0001F9FC000000FFE000007FFC000003FF8000003FFC00000 7FF0000000FFC00000FFE00000007FC00001FFC00000007FC00001FF800000003FC00003FF0000 00001FC00007FE000000001FC0000FFE000000000FC0000FFC000000000FC0001FFC0000000007 C0001FFC0000000007C0003FF80000000007C0003FF80000000003C0003FF80000000003C0007F F80000000003C0007FF80000000003C0007FF0000000000000007FF000000000000000FFF00000 0000000000FFF000000000000000FFF000000000000000FFF000000000000000FFF00000000000 0000FFF000000000000000FFF000000000000000FFF000000000000000FFF000000000000000FF F000000000000000FFF000001FFFFFFF807FF000001FFFFFFF807FF000001FFFFFFF807FF80000 1FFFFFFF807FF800000001FFC0003FF800000001FFC0003FF800000001FFC0003FF800000001FF C0001FFC00000001FFC0001FFC00000001FFC0000FFE00000001FFC0000FFE00000001FFC00007 FF00000001FFC00003FF00000001FFC00001FF80000001FFC00001FFC0000001FFC00000FFE000 0001FFC000007FF0000003FFC000003FFC000003FFC000000FFF000007FFC0000007FFC0001FBF C0000001FFFC00FF1FC00000007FFFFFFE0FC00000001FFFFFF803C000000003FFFFE000C00000 00001FFE00000000413D7BBB4C>71 D76 D78 D82 D85 D<003FFE00000001FFFFE0000007FFFFF800000FE007FC00000FF001FE00001FF800FF 00001FF8007F80001FF8007FC0001FF8003FC0000FF0003FE00007E0003FE00003C0003FE00000 00003FE0000000003FE0000000003FE0000000003FE0000000FFFFE000001FFFFFE000007FF83F E00003FF803FE00007FC003FE0000FF0003FE0001FE0003FE0003FE0003FE0007FC0003FE0007F C0003FE000FF80003FE000FF80003FE000FF80003FE000FF80003FE000FF80007FE0007FC0007F E0007FC000DFE0003FE0039FF0001FF80F0FFFE007FFFE0FFFE001FFF807FFE0003FE000FFE02B 267DA52F>97 D<00FE00000000FFFE00000000FFFE00000000FFFE00000000FFFE0000000007FE 0000000003FE0000000003FE0000000003FE0000000003FE0000000003FE0000000003FE000000 0003FE0000000003FE0000000003FE0000000003FE0000000003FE0000000003FE0000000003FE 0000000003FE0000000003FE0000000003FE0000000003FE01FF000003FE1FFFF00003FE7FFFFC 0003FEFC03FE0003FFF000FF0003FFC0003F8003FF00001FC003FE00001FE003FE00000FF003FE 00000FF803FE00000FF803FE000007FC03FE000007FC03FE000007FC03FE000007FE03FE000007 FE03FE000007FE03FE000007FE03FE000007FE03FE000007FE03FE000007FE03FE000007FE03FE 000007FE03FE000007FC03FE000007FC03FE000007FC03FE00000FFC03FE00000FF803FE00000F F003FE00001FF003FF00001FE003FF80003FC003FFC0007F8003F9E000FF0003F0FC07FE0003F0 7FFFF80003E01FFFE00003C003FE00002F3C7DBB36>I<000000003F800000003FFF800000003F FF800000003FFF800000003FFF8000000001FF8000000000FF8000000000FF8000000000FF8000 000000FF8000000000FF8000000000FF8000000000FF8000000000FF8000000000FF8000000000 FF8000000000FF8000000000FF8000000000FF8000000000FF8000000000FF8000000000FF8000 00FF80FF80000FFFF0FF80003FFFFCFF8000FFC03FFF8001FE000FFF8003FC0003FF8007F80001 FF800FF00000FF801FF00000FF803FE00000FF803FE00000FF807FE00000FF807FC00000FF807F C00000FF807FC00000FF80FFC00000FF80FFC00000FF80FFC00000FF80FFC00000FF80FFC00000 FF80FFC00000FF80FFC00000FF80FFC00000FF80FFC00000FF807FC00000FF807FC00000FF807F C00000FF803FE00000FF803FE00000FF801FE00000FF800FF00001FF8007F00003FF8003F80007 FF8001FE001FFFC000FF807EFFFE007FFFF8FFFE000FFFE0FFFE0001FF00FFFE2F3C7DBB36> 100 D<0001FF8000000FFFF000003FFFFC0000FF81FE0003FE007F8007F8003F800FF8001FC00F F0000FE01FE0000FE03FE0000FF03FE00007F07FC00007F07FC00007F87FC00007F8FFC00007F8 FFC00007F8FFFFFFFFF8FFFFFFFFF8FFFFFFFFF8FFC0000000FFC0000000FFC0000000FFC00000 007FC00000007FC00000007FC00000003FE00000003FE00000781FE00000781FF00000780FF000 00F007F80001F003FC0003E001FE000FC000FFC07F80003FFFFE00000FFFF8000000FFC0002526 7DA52C>I<01E00007F8000FFC000FFC001FFE001FFE001FFE001FFE000FFC000FFC0007F80001 E00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000FE00FF FE00FFFE00FFFE00FFFE0007FE0003FE0003FE0003FE0003FE0003FE0003FE0003FE0003FE0003 FE0003FE0003FE0003FE0003FE0003FE0003FE0003FE0003FE0003FE0003FE0003FE0003FE0003 FE0003FE0003FE0003FE0003FE0003FE0003FE00FFFFF0FFFFF0FFFFF0FFFFF0143D7DBC1A> 105 D<00FE00FFFE00FFFE00FFFE00FFFE0007FE0003FE0003FE0003FE0003FE0003FE0003FE00 03FE0003FE0003FE0003FE0003FE0003FE0003FE0003FE0003FE0003FE0003FE0003FE0003FE00 03FE0003FE0003FE0003FE0003FE0003FE0003FE0003FE0003FE0003FE0003FE0003FE0003FE00 03FE0003FE0003FE0003FE0003FE0003FE0003FE0003FE0003FE0003FE0003FE0003FE0003FE00 03FE0003FE0003FE0003FE0003FE00FFFFF8FFFFF8FFFFF8FFFFF8153C7DBB1A>108 D<01FC00FF8000FFFC03FFF000FFFC0FFFF800FFFC1E03FC00FFFC3801FE0007FC6001FF0003FC C000FF0003FDC000FF8003FD8000FF8003FF0000FF8003FF0000FF8003FF0000FF8003FE0000FF 8003FE0000FF8003FE0000FF8003FE0000FF8003FE0000FF8003FE0000FF8003FE0000FF8003FE 0000FF8003FE0000FF8003FE0000FF8003FE0000FF8003FE0000FF8003FE0000FF8003FE0000FF 8003FE0000FF8003FE0000FF8003FE0000FF8003FE0000FF8003FE0000FF8003FE0000FF8003FE 0000FF8003FE0000FF80FFFFF83FFFFEFFFFF83FFFFEFFFFF83FFFFEFFFFF83FFFFE2F267CA536 >110 D<01FC03F000FFFC0FFC00FFFC1FFF00FFFC3C3F80FFFC707F8007FCE0FFC003FCC0FFC0 03FD80FFC003FD80FFC003FF807F8003FF003F0003FF001E0003FF00000003FE00000003FE0000 0003FE00000003FE00000003FE00000003FE00000003FE00000003FE00000003FE00000003FE00 000003FE00000003FE00000003FE00000003FE00000003FE00000003FE00000003FE00000003FE 00000003FE00000003FE00000003FE000000FFFFFC0000FFFFFC0000FFFFFC0000FFFFFC000022 267DA528>114 D121 D E end %%EndProlog %%BeginSetup %%Feature: *Resolution 300dpi TeXDict begin %%EndSetup %%Page: 1 1 0 bop 0 1152 a Fp(GNU)33 b(Readline)h(Library)p 0 1201 1950 17 v 1011 1250 a Fo(Edition)17 b(2.0,)c(for)i Fn(Readline)f(Library)g Fo(V)l(ersion)i(2.0.)1759 1304 y(July)g(1994)0 2443 y Fm(Brian)23 b(F)-6 b(o)n(x,)23 b(F)-6 b(ree)23 b(Soft)n(w)n(are)f(F)-6 b(oundation)0 2509 y(Chet)22 b(Ramey)-6 b(,)23 b(Case)e(W)-6 b(estern)23 b(Reserv)n(e)f(Univ)n(ersit)n(y)p 0 2545 1950 9 v eop %%Page: 2 2 1 bop 0 295 a Fo(This)15 b(do)q(cumen)o(t)f(describ)q(es)i(the)e(GNU)g (Readline)j(Library)l(,)d(a)g(utilit)o(y)h(whic)o(h)g(aids)g(in)g(the)f (consistency)h(of)f(user)0 358 y(in)o(terface)h(across)g(discrete)h(programs) e(that)g(need)j(to)d(pro)o(vide)i(a)f(command)g(line)i(in)o(terface.)0 495 y(Published)g(b)o(y)f(the)f(F)l(ree)g(Soft)o(w)o(are)f(F)l(oundation)0 557 y(675)g(Massac)o(h)o(usetts)g(Av)o(en)o(ue,)0 619 y(Cam)o(bridge,)h(MA)g (02139)f(USA)0 756 y(P)o(ermission)f(is)g(gran)o(ted)f(to)f(mak)o(e)h(and)h (distribute)h(v)o(erbatim)e(copies)h(of)f(this)h(man)o(ual)g(pro)o(vided)g (the)f(cop)o(yrigh)o(t)0 818 y(notice)k(and)f(this)h(p)q(ermission)h(notice)e (are)g(preserv)o(ed)h(on)f(all)h(copies.)0 955 y(P)o(ermission)f(is)f(gran)o (ted)f(to)h(cop)o(y)g(and)g(distribute)h(mo)q(di\014ed)h(v)o(ersions)e(of)f (this)i(man)o(ual)f(under)h(the)f(conditions)0 1018 y(for)e(v)o(erbatim)g (cop)o(ying,)h(pro)o(vided)h(that)d(the)i(en)o(tire)g(resulting)h(deriv)o(ed) f(w)o(ork)f(is)h(distributed)h(under)f(the)g(terms)0 1080 y(of)i(a)g(p)q (ermission)h(notice)g(iden)o(tical)h(to)e(this)g(one.)0 1217 y(P)o(ermission)20 b(is)g(gran)o(ted)f(to)g(cop)o(y)h(and)f(distribute)i (translations)f(of)f(this)h(man)o(ual)f(in)o(to)h(another)f(language,)0 1279 y(under)c(the)f(ab)q(o)o(v)o(e)g(conditions)h(for)e(mo)q(di\014ed)j(v)o (ersions,)e(except)g(that)g(this)g(p)q(ermission)i(notice)e(ma)o(y)g(b)q(e)h (stated)0 1341 y(in)h(a)f(translation)g(appro)o(v)o(ed)g(b)o(y)g(the)g(F)l (oundation.)0 2636 y(Cop)o(yrigh)o(t)226 2635 y(c)214 2636 y Fl(\015)g Fo(1989,)f(1991)g(F)l(ree)h(Soft)o(w)o(are)f(F)l(oundation,)h (Inc.)p eop %%Page: 1 3 2 bop 0 -83 a Fo(Chapter)15 b(1:)k(Command)c(Line)i(Editing)1227 b(1)0 158 y Fk(1)41 b(Command)16 b(Line)f(Editing)62 383 y Fo(This)h(c)o(hapter)f(describ)q(es)i(the)e(basic)h(features)f(of)g(the)g (GNU)g(command)g(line)i(editing)f(in)o(terface.)0 676 y Fm(1.1)33 b(In)n(tro)r(duction)17 b(to)e(Line)h(Editing)62 820 y Fo(The)g(follo)o(wing) g(paragraphs)e(describ)q(e)j(the)e(notation)g(used)h(to)e(represen)o(t)i(k)o (eystrok)o(es.)62 965 y(The)f(text)e Fn(C-K)h Fo(is)g(read)g(as)g(`Con)o (trol-K')f(and)h(describ)q(es)i(the)e(c)o(haracter)f(pro)q(duced)i(when)g (the)f(Con)o(trol)f(k)o(ey)0 1027 y(is)j(depressed)g(and)f(the)h Fn(K)f Fo(k)o(ey)g(is)g(struc)o(k.)62 1172 y(The)i(text)f Fn(M-K)g Fo(is)i(read)e(as)g(`Meta-K')g(and)h(describ)q(es)h(the)f(c)o(haracter)f(pro) q(duced)h(when)h(the)e(meta)g(k)o(ey)h(\(if)0 1234 y(y)o(ou)g(ha)o(v)o(e)f (one\))h(is)g(depressed,)h(and)f(the)g Fn(K)g Fo(k)o(ey)g(is)g(struc)o(k.)25 b(If)17 b(y)o(ou)f(do)h(not)g(ha)o(v)o(e)f(a)h(meta)f(k)o(ey)l(,)h(the)g (iden)o(tical)0 1296 y(k)o(eystrok)o(e)i(can)g(b)q(e)i(generated)e(b)o(y)h(t) o(yping)f Fn(ESC)h Fj(\014rst)p Fo(,)g(and)f(then)h(t)o(yping)g Fn(K)p Fo(.)33 b(Either)20 b(pro)q(cess)g(is)g(kno)o(wn)f(as)0 1358 y Fj(metafying)g Fo(the)c Fn(K)g Fo(k)o(ey)l(.)62 1503 y(The)h(text)e Fn(M-C-K)g Fo(is)i(read)f(as)f(`Meta-Con)o(trol-k')g(and)h (describ)q(es)h(the)g(c)o(haracter)e(pro)q(duced)i(b)o(y)f Fj(metafying)0 1565 y Fn(C-K)p Fo(.)62 1710 y(In)i(addition,)h(sev)o(eral)e (k)o(eys)g(ha)o(v)o(e)g(their)h(o)o(wn)f(names.)23 b(Sp)q(eci\014cally)m(,)c Fn(DEL)p Fo(,)d Fn(ESC)p Fo(,)f Fn(LFD)p Fo(,)h Fn(SPC)p Fo(,)g Fn(RET)p Fo(,)g(and)g Fn(TAB)0 1772 y Fo(all)e(stand)f(for)f(themselv)o(es)i (when)f(seen)h(in)g(this)f(text,)g(or)g(in)g(an)g(init)i(\014le)f(\(see)f (Section)h(1.3)e([Readline)j(Init)f(File],)0 1834 y(page)h(4,)g(for)f(more)h (info\).)0 2127 y Fm(1.2)33 b(Readline)16 b(In)n(teraction)62 2271 y Fo(Often)g(during)h(an)f(in)o(teractiv)o(e)g(session)h(y)o(ou)e(t)o (yp)q(e)h(in)h(a)f(long)g(line)h(of)f(text,)f(only)h(to)g(notice)g(that)f (the)h(\014rst)0 2334 y(w)o(ord)d(on)i(the)f(line)i(is)e(missp)q(elled.)23 b(The)14 b(Readline)i(library)f(giv)o(es)g(y)o(ou)e(a)h(set)g(of)g(commands)g (for)f(manipulating)0 2396 y(the)18 b(text)g(as)g(y)o(ou)g(t)o(yp)q(e)g(it)h (in,)g(allo)o(wing)g(y)o(ou)f(to)g(just)g(\014x)g(y)o(our)g(t)o(yp)q(o,)g (and)h(not)f(forcing)g(y)o(ou)g(to)g(ret)o(yp)q(e)g(the)0 2458 y(ma)s(jorit)o(y)d(of)h(the)g(line.)25 b(Using)17 b(these)g(editing)h (commands,)e(y)o(ou)g(mo)o(v)o(e)f(the)i(cursor)f(to)g(the)g(place)h(that)f (needs)0 2521 y(correction,)g(and)h(delete)g(or)f(insert)g(the)h(text)e(of)h (the)g(corrections.)23 b(Then,)17 b(when)g(y)o(ou)f(are)g(satis\014ed)g(with) h(the)0 2583 y(line,)h(y)o(ou)e(simply)i(press)f Fn(RETURN)p Fo(.)23 b(Y)l(ou)17 b(do)f(not)g(ha)o(v)o(e)g(to)g(b)q(e)i(at)e(the)g(end)h (of)f(the)h(line)h(to)e(press)h Fn(RETURN)p Fo(;)f(the)0 2645 y(en)o(tire)g(line)h(is)e(accepted)h(regardless)f(of)g(the)g(lo)q(cation)h (of)f(the)h(cursor)e(within)j(the)e(line.)p eop %%Page: 2 4 3 bop 0 -83 a Fo(2)1472 b(GNU)15 b(Readline)i(Library)0 158 y Fi(1.2.1)30 b(Readline)15 b(Bare)g(Essen)n(tials)62 295 y Fo(In)f(order)f(to)f(en)o(ter)h(c)o(haracters)g(in)o(to)g(the)g(line,)i (simply)f(t)o(yp)q(e)f(them.)19 b(The)14 b(t)o(yp)q(ed)f(c)o(haracter)f(app)q (ears)i(where)0 358 y(the)h(cursor)h(w)o(as,)e(and)h(then)h(the)g(cursor)f (mo)o(v)o(es)f(one)i(space)g(to)e(the)i(righ)o(t.)k(If)c(y)o(ou)f(mist)o(yp)q (e)h(a)f(c)o(haracter,)f(y)o(ou)0 420 y(can)h(use)h(y)o(our)f(erase)g(c)o (haracter)f(to)h(bac)o(k)g(up)g(and)h(delete)g(the)f(mist)o(yp)q(ed)h(c)o (haracter.)62 557 y(Sometimes)f(y)o(ou)e(ma)o(y)h(miss)g(t)o(yping)g(a)g(c)o (haracter)g(that)f(y)o(ou)h(w)o(an)o(ted)f(to)g(t)o(yp)q(e,)h(and)h(not)e (notice)i(y)o(our)f(error)0 619 y(un)o(til)k(y)o(ou)e(ha)o(v)o(e)g(t)o(yp)q (ed)h(sev)o(eral)g(other)f(c)o(haracters.)23 b(In)18 b(that)d(case,)i(y)o(ou) f(can)h(t)o(yp)q(e)g Fn(C-B)f Fo(to)g(mo)o(v)o(e)g(the)g(cursor)0 681 y(to)f(the)h(left,)g(and)g(then)g(correct)f(y)o(our)h(mistak)o(e.)21 b(Afterw)o(ards,)14 b(y)o(ou)i(can)g(mo)o(v)o(e)f(the)h(cursor)f(to)g(the)h (righ)o(t)g(with)0 744 y Fn(C-F)p Fo(.)62 881 y(When)i(y)o(ou)f(add)g(text)g (in)h(the)f(middle)i(of)e(a)g(line,)i(y)o(ou)e(will)i(notice)e(that)g(c)o (haracters)f(to)h(the)g(righ)o(t)g(of)g(the)0 943 y(cursor)h(are)h(`pushed)g (o)o(v)o(er')e(to)h(mak)o(e)g(ro)q(om)g(for)g(the)h(text)f(that)g(y)o(ou)g (ha)o(v)o(e)h(inserted.)31 b(Lik)o(ewise,)20 b(when)f(y)o(ou)0 1005 y(delete)f(text)f(b)q(ehind)i(the)f(cursor,)f(c)o(haracters)f(to)h(the)g (righ)o(t)g(of)g(the)h(cursor)f(are)g(`pulled)i(bac)o(k')d(to)h(\014ll)i(in)f (the)0 1067 y(blank)g(space)f(created)g(b)o(y)g(the)h(remo)o(v)m(al)f(of)f (the)i(text.)25 b(A)17 b(list)h(of)e(the)h(basic)h(bare)f(essen)o(tials)h (for)e(editing)j(the)0 1130 y(text)c(of)f(an)i(input)g(line)h(follo)o(ws.)0 1279 y Fn(C-B)168 b Fo(Mo)o(v)o(e)14 b(bac)o(k)h(one)h(c)o(haracter.)0 1366 y Fn(C-F)168 b Fo(Mo)o(v)o(e)14 b(forw)o(ard)g(one)h(c)o(haracter.)0 1454 y Fn(DEL)168 b Fo(Delete)16 b(the)f(c)o(haracter)g(to)f(the)h(left)h(of) f(the)g(cursor.)0 1541 y Fn(C-D)168 b Fo(Delete)16 b(the)f(c)o(haracter)g (underneath)h(the)f(cursor.)0 1615 y(Prin)o(ting)h(c)o(haracters)240 1678 y(Insert)f(the)h(c)o(haracter)e(in)o(to)h(the)h(line)h(at)d(the)h (cursor.)0 1765 y Fn(C-_)168 b Fo(Undo)15 b(the)h(last)f(thing)h(that)e(y)o (ou)h(did.)21 b(Y)l(ou)15 b(can)h(undo)f(all)h(the)g(w)o(a)o(y)e(bac)o(k)h (to)f(an)i(empt)o(y)e(line.)0 1973 y Fi(1.2.2)30 b(Readline)15 b(Mo)n(v)n(emen)n(t)h(Commands)62 2110 y Fo(The)c(ab)q(o)o(v)o(e)g(table)g (describ)q(es)i(the)e(most)f(basic)h(p)q(ossible)i(k)o(eystrok)o(es)d(that)g (y)o(ou)g(need)i(in)g(order)f(to)f(do)h(editing)0 2172 y(of)g(the)h(input)h (line.)21 b(F)l(or)12 b(y)o(our)g(con)o(v)o(enience,)i(man)o(y)f(other)f (commands)h(ha)o(v)o(e)f(b)q(een)i(added)f(in)h(addition)g(to)e Fn(C-B)p Fo(,)0 2234 y Fn(C-F)p Fo(,)i Fn(C-D)p Fo(,)h(and)g Fn(DEL)p Fo(.)20 b(Here)15 b(are)g(some)g(commands)g(for)f(mo)o(ving)h(more)g (rapidly)i(ab)q(out)e(the)g(line.)0 2384 y Fn(C-A)168 b Fo(Mo)o(v)o(e)14 b(to)h(the)g(start)f(of)h(the)g(line.)0 2471 y Fn(C-E)168 b Fo(Mo)o(v)o(e)14 b(to)h(the)g(end)h(of)f(the)g(line.)0 2558 y Fn(M-F)168 b Fo(Mo)o(v)o(e)14 b(forw)o(ard)g(a)h(w)o(ord.)0 2645 y Fn(M-B)168 b Fo(Mo)o(v)o(e)14 b(bac)o(kw)o(ard)h(a)g(w)o(ord.)p eop %%Page: 3 5 4 bop 0 -83 a Fo(Chapter)15 b(1:)k(Command)c(Line)i(Editing)1227 b(3)0 158 y Fn(C-L)168 b Fo(Clear)15 b(the)h(screen,)f(reprin)o(ting)h(the)f (curren)o(t)g(line)i(at)e(the)g(top.)62 325 y(Notice)22 b(ho)o(w)e Fn(C-F)h Fo(mo)o(v)o(es)f(forw)o(ard)g(a)g(c)o(haracter,)i(while)g Fn(M-F)f Fo(mo)o(v)o(es)f(forw)o(ard)g(a)h(w)o(ord.)36 b(It)21 b(is)h(a)f(lo)q(ose)0 387 y(con)o(v)o(en)o(tion)15 b(that)g(con)o(trol)g(k)o (eystrok)o(es)f(op)q(erate)h(on)g(c)o(haracters)f(while)j(meta)e(k)o(eystrok) o(es)f(op)q(erate)h(on)g(w)o(ords.)0 671 y Fi(1.2.3)30 b(Readline)15 b(Killing)g(Commands)62 816 y Fj(Killing)25 b Fo(text)18 b(means)g(to)f (delete)i(the)g(text)e(from)h(the)g(line,)i(but)e(to)g(sa)o(v)o(e)f(it)i(a)o (w)o(a)o(y)d(for)i(later)g(use,)h(usually)0 878 y(b)o(y)c Fj(y)o(anking)k Fo(\(re-inserting\))c(it)g(bac)o(k)g(in)o(to)g(the)g(line.)21 b(If)16 b(the)f(description)h(for)e(a)h(command)f(sa)o(ys)h(that)f(it)h (`kills')0 941 y(text,)f(then)i(y)o(ou)f(can)g(b)q(e)h(sure)f(that)g(y)o(ou)g (can)g(get)g(the)g(text)g(bac)o(k)g(in)h(a)f(di\013eren)o(t)g(\(or)f(the)i (same\))e(place)i(later.)62 1086 y(When)g(y)o(ou)f(use)g(a)g(kill)i(command,) e(the)h(text)e(is)i(sa)o(v)o(ed)f(in)h(a)f Fj(kill-ring)p Fo(.)22 b(An)o(y)16 b(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)f(of)g(consecutiv)o(e)h(kills)0 1148 y(sa)o(v)o(e)g(all)i(of)e(the)h(killed)i(text)d(together,)g(so)g(that)g (when)h(y)o(ou)f(y)o(ank)h(it)g(bac)o(k,)f(y)o(ou)h(get)f(it)h(all.)25 b(The)17 b(kill)h(ring)f(is)0 1211 y(not)e(line)i(sp)q(eci\014c;)g(the)f (text)f(that)g(y)o(ou)g(killed)j(on)d(a)h(previously)g(t)o(yp)q(ed)g(line)h (is)f(a)o(v)m(ailable)i(to)d(b)q(e)h(y)o(ank)o(ed)f(bac)o(k)0 1273 y(later,)g(when)h(y)o(ou)e(are)h(t)o(yping)h(another)e(line.)62 1418 y(Here)i(is)f(the)h(list)g(of)e(commands)h(for)g(killing)j(text.)0 1585 y Fn(C-K)168 b Fo(Kill)17 b(the)f(text)e(from)h(the)g(curren)o(t)g (cursor)g(p)q(osition)h(to)f(the)g(end)h(of)f(the)g(line.)0 1689 y Fn(M-D)168 b Fo(Kill)17 b(from)d(the)h(cursor)g(to)f(the)h(end)g(of)g (the)g(curren)o(t)f(w)o(ord,)g(or)g(if)i(b)q(et)o(w)o(een)f(w)o(ords,)f(to)g (the)h(end)g(of)240 1751 y(the)g(next)h(w)o(ord.)0 1855 y Fn(M-DEL)120 b Fo(Kill)16 b(from)d(the)i(cursor)e(the)h(start)f(of)h(the)g(previous)h(w)o (ord,)e(or)g(if)i(b)q(et)o(w)o(een)f(w)o(ords,)f(to)h(the)g(start)e(of)240 1917 y(the)j(previous)h(w)o(ord.)0 2021 y Fn(C-W)168 b Fo(Kill)18 b(from)e(the)g(cursor)g(to)f(the)h(previous)h(whitespace.)24 b(This)17 b(is)f(di\013eren)o(t)h(than)f Fn(M-DEL)f Fo(b)q(ecause)240 2084 y(the)g(w)o(ord)g(b)q(oundaries)h(di\013er.)62 2250 y(And,)e(here)g(is)h (ho)o(w)e(to)g Fj(y)o(ank)j Fo(the)e(text)f(bac)o(k)g(in)o(to)h(the)f(line.) 22 b(Y)l(anking)14 b(means)g(to)f(cop)o(y)g(the)h(most-recen)o(tly-)0 2312 y(killed)j(text)e(from)g(the)g(kill)i(bu\013er.)0 2479 y Fn(C-Y)168 b Fo(Y)l(ank)15 b(the)h(most)e(recen)o(tly)i(killed)h(text)e (bac)o(k)g(in)o(to)g(the)h(bu\013er)f(at)f(the)i(cursor.)0 2583 y Fn(M-Y)168 b Fo(Rotate)13 b(the)h(kill-ring,)i(and)e(y)o(ank)g(the)g (new)g(top.)19 b(Y)l(ou)14 b(can)g(only)g(do)g(this)g(if)g(the)g(prior)g (command)240 2645 y(is)i Fn(C-Y)e Fo(or)h Fn(M-Y)p Fo(.)p eop %%Page: 4 6 5 bop 0 -83 a Fo(4)1472 b(GNU)15 b(Readline)i(Library)0 158 y Fi(1.2.4)30 b(Readline)15 b(Argumen)n(ts)62 305 y Fo(Y)l(ou)k(can)g(pass)f (n)o(umeric)i(argumen)o(ts)d(to)h(Readline)j(commands.)30 b(Sometimes)19 b(the)f(argumen)o(t)g(acts)g(as)g(a)0 367 y(rep)q(eat)f(coun)o(t,)f(other)g (times)g(it)h(is)g(the)g Fj(sign)f Fo(of)g(the)h(argumen)o(t)f(that)f(is)i (signi\014can)o(t.)25 b(If)16 b(y)o(ou)h(pass)f(a)g(negativ)o(e)0 430 y(argumen)o(t)g(to)g(a)h(command)g(whic)o(h)h(normally)f(acts)g(in)h(a)e (forw)o(ard)g(direction,)i(that)f(command)f(will)j(act)d(in)i(a)0 492 y(bac)o(kw)o(ard)13 b(direction.)21 b(F)l(or)13 b(example,)h(to)f(kill)i (text)e(bac)o(k)h(to)f(the)h(start)e(of)h(the)h(line,)h(y)o(ou)e(migh)o(t)h (t)o(yp)q(e)g Fn(M--)f(C-K)p Fo(.)62 639 y(The)19 b(general)g(w)o(a)o(y)f(to) g(pass)g(n)o(umeric)i(argumen)o(ts)e(to)g(a)g(command)h(is)g(to)f(t)o(yp)q(e) g(meta)g(digits)i(b)q(efore)f(the)0 701 y(command.)36 b(If)21 b(the)g(\014rst)f(`digit')h(y)o(ou)g(t)o(yp)q(e)f(is)i(a)e(min)o(us)h(sign)g (\()p Fn(-)p Fo(\),)g(then)g(the)g(sign)g(of)g(the)f(argumen)o(t)g(will)0 763 y(b)q(e)i(negativ)o(e.)40 b(Once)22 b(y)o(ou)f(ha)o(v)o(e)h(t)o(yp)q(ed)g (one)f(meta)g(digit)i(to)e(get)g(the)h(argumen)o(t)f(started,)h(y)o(ou)f(can) h(t)o(yp)q(e)0 826 y(the)c(remainder)h(of)f(the)g(digits,)h(and)f(then)h(the) f(command.)29 b(F)l(or)17 b(example,)i(to)f(giv)o(e)g(the)g Fn(C-D)g Fo(command)g(an)0 888 y(argumen)o(t)c(of)h(10,)f(y)o(ou)h(could)h(t) o(yp)q(e)g Fn(M-1)23 b(0)h(C-D)p Fo(.)0 1201 y Fm(1.3)33 b(Readline)16 b(Init)g(File)62 1348 y Fo(Although)g(the)g(Readline)h(library)g(comes)e (with)h(a)f(set)g(of)g(Emacs-lik)o(e)h(k)o(eybindings)h(installed)g(b)o(y)f (default,)0 1410 y(it)e(is)g(p)q(ossible)i(that)d(y)o(ou)g(w)o(ould)h(lik)o (e)h(to)e(use)h(a)f(di\013eren)o(t)h(set)g(of)f(k)o(eybindings.)21 b(Y)l(ou)14 b(can)g(customize)g(programs)0 1472 y(that)e(use)i(Readline)h(b)o (y)e(putting)h(commands)f(in)h(an)f Fj(init)i Fo(\014le)f(in)g(y)o(our)f (home)g(directory)l(.)19 b(The)14 b(name)f(of)f(this)i(\014le)0 1535 y(is)i(tak)o(en)f(from)g(the)g(v)m(alue)i(of)e(the)h(en)o(vironmen)o(t)f (v)m(ariable)i Fn(INPUTRC)p Fo(.)j(If)c(that)f(v)m(ariable)h(is)g(unset,)g (the)f(default)0 1597 y(is)h(`)p Fn(~/.inputrc)p Fo('.)62 1744 y(When)j(a)g(program)e(whic)o(h)j(uses)f(the)g(Readline)i(library)e(starts)f (up,)h(the)g(init)h(\014le)g(is)f(read,)g(and)g(the)g(k)o(ey)0 1806 y(bindings)e(are)e(set.)62 1953 y(In)j(addition,)h(the)f Fn(C-x)c(C-r)k Fo(command)f(re-reads)g(this)h(init)h(\014le,)g(th)o(us)e (incorp)q(orating)h(an)o(y)f(c)o(hanges)h(that)0 2015 y(y)o(ou)d(migh)o(t)g (ha)o(v)o(e)g(made)g(to)f(it.)0 2311 y Fi(1.3.1)30 b(Readline)15 b(Init)g(Syn)n(tax)62 2458 y Fo(There)h(are)f(only)h(a)f(few)g(basic)h (constructs)f(allo)o(w)o(ed)h(in)g(the)g(Readline)i(init)e(\014le.)22 b(Blank)16 b(lines)h(are)e(ignored.)0 2521 y(Lines)j(b)q(eginning)g(with)f(a) f Fn(#)g Fo(are)g(commen)o(ts.)22 b(Lines)c(b)q(eginning)g(with)f(a)f Fn($)g Fo(indicate)h(conditional)h(constructs)0 2583 y(\(see)e(Section)h (1.3.2)e([Conditional)i(Init)g(Constructs],)e(page)i(7\).)22 b(Other)16 b(lines)i(denote)f(v)m(ariable)h(settings)e(and)0 2645 y(k)o(ey)f(bindings.)p eop %%Page: 5 7 6 bop 0 -83 a Fo(Chapter)15 b(1:)k(Command)c(Line)i(Editing)1227 b(5)0 158 y(V)l(ariable)16 b(Settings)240 221 y(Y)l(ou)j(can)g(c)o(hange)g (the)g(state)f(of)g(a)g(few)h(v)m(ariables)h(in)g(Readline)h(b)o(y)d(using)i (the)f Fn(set)f Fo(command)240 283 y(within)e(the)f(init)h(\014le.)k(Here)15 b(is)g(ho)o(w)g(y)o(ou)f(w)o(ould)h(sp)q(ecify)h(that)e(y)o(ou)g(wish)i(to)e (use)h Fn(vi)f Fo(line)j(editing)240 345 y(commands:)360 408 y Fn(set)23 b(editing-mode)g(vi)240 484 y Fo(Righ)o(t)14 b(no)o(w,)f(there)h (are)f(only)h(a)f(few)h(v)m(ariables)g(whic)o(h)h(can)f(b)q(e)g(set;)f(so)g (few,)h(in)g(fact,)f(that)g(w)o(e)g(just)240 546 y(list)j(them)f(here:)240 622 y Fn(editing-mode)480 684 y Fo(The)e Fn(editing-mode)e Fo(v)m(ariable)j(con)o(trols)e(whic)o(h)h(editing)h(mo)q(de)f(y)o(ou)f(are)g (using.)20 b(By)480 746 y(default,)f(Readline)h(starts)c(up)i(in)h(Emacs)e (editing)i(mo)q(de,)f(where)g(the)g(k)o(eystrok)o(es)480 808 y(are)c(most)g(similar)h(to)f(Emacs.)19 b(This)c(v)m(ariable)h(can)f(b)q(e)g (set)f(to)g(either)h Fn(emacs)f Fo(or)g Fn(vi)p Fo(.)240 884 y Fn(horizontal-scroll-mode)480 946 y Fo(This)k(v)m(ariable)g(can)f(b)q(e)g (set)g(to)f(either)i Fn(On)f Fo(or)f Fn(Off)p Fo(.)25 b(Setting)17 b(it)g(to)f Fn(On)h Fo(means)g(that)480 1009 y(the)d(text)g(of)f(the)h(lines) i(that)d(y)o(ou)h(edit)h(will)g(scroll)g(horizon)o(tally)g(on)f(a)g(single)h (screen)480 1071 y(line)f(when)f(they)g(are)f(longer)h(than)f(the)h(width)g (of)f(the)g(screen,)h(instead)g(of)g(wrapping)480 1133 y(on)o(to)h(a)h(new)h (screen)f(line.)22 b(By)15 b(default,)h(this)f(v)m(ariable)i(is)f(set)e(to)h Fn(Off)p Fo(.)240 1209 y Fn(mark-modified-lines)480 1271 y Fo(This)h(v)m(ariable,)g(when)g(set)f(to)f Fn(On)p Fo(,)h(sa)o(ys)f(to)g (displa)o(y)j(an)e(asterisk)g(\(`)p Fn(*)p Fo('\))e(at)i(the)g(start)480 1333 y(of)f(history)h(lines)i(whic)o(h)e(ha)o(v)o(e)g(b)q(een)h(mo)q (di\014ed.)21 b(This)15 b(v)m(ariable)h(is)g Fn(off)e Fo(b)o(y)h(default.)240 1409 y Fn(bell-style)480 1471 y Fo(Con)o(trols)h(what)f(happ)q(ens)j(when)f (Readline)h(w)o(an)o(ts)e(to)f(ring)i(the)f(terminal)h(b)q(ell.)26 b(If)480 1533 y(set)13 b(to)g Fn(none)p Fo(,)g(Readline)j(nev)o(er)e(rings)g (the)g(b)q(ell.)21 b(If)14 b(set)f(to)g Fn(visible)p Fo(,)g(Readline)j(uses) 480 1596 y(a)g(visible)j(b)q(ell)g(if)e(one)g(is)g(a)o(v)m(ailable.)27 b(If)17 b(set)f(to)g Fn(audible)g Fo(\(the)h(default\),)g(Readline)480 1658 y(attempts)d(to)h(ring)g(the)h(terminal's)f(b)q(ell.)240 1733 y Fn(comment-begin)480 1796 y Fo(The)21 b(string)h(to)e(insert)i(at)e (the)h(b)q(eginning)j(of)c(the)i(line)g(when)g(the)f Fn(vi-comment)480 1858 y Fo(command)15 b(is)h(executed.)21 b(The)15 b(default)h(v)m(alue)g(is)g Fn("#")p Fo(.)240 1934 y Fn(meta-flag)480 1996 y Fo(If)d(set)g(to)f Fn(on)p Fo(,)g(Readline)j(will)g(enable)f(eigh)o(t-bit)f(input)h(\(it)f(will) h(not)f(strip)g(the)g(eigh)o(th)480 2058 y(bit)i(from)g(the)g(c)o(haracters)f (it)h(reads\),)f(regardless)h(of)g(what)f(the)h(terminal)h(claims)g(it)480 2120 y(can)f(supp)q(ort.)20 b(The)c(default)g(v)m(alue)g(is)g Fn(off)p Fo(.)240 2196 y Fn(convert-meta)480 2258 y Fo(If)23 b(set)f(to)f Fn(on)p Fo(,)j(Readline)h(will)f(con)o(v)o(ert)d(c)o(haracters)h (with)g(the)h(eigth)g(bit)f(set)h(to)480 2320 y(an)17 b(ASCI)q(I)g(k)o(ey)g (sequence)h(b)o(y)e(stripping)i(the)f(eigth)g(bit)g(and)g(prep)q(ending)i(an) d Fn(ESC)480 2383 y Fo(c)o(haracter,)h(con)o(v)o(erting)g(them)g(to)f(a)h (meta-pre\014xed)h(k)o(ey)f(sequence.)27 b(The)17 b(default)480 2445 y(v)m(alue)f(is)g Fn(on)p Fo(.)240 2521 y Fn(output-meta)480 2583 y Fo(If)d(set)f(to)g Fn(on)p Fo(,)h(Readline)i(will)f(displa)o(y)g(c)o (haracters)d(with)i(the)g(eigh)o(th)g(bit)g(set)g(directly)480 2645 y(rather)i(than)g(as)f(a)h(meta-pre\014xed)h(escap)q(e)g(sequence.)21 b(The)16 b(default)f(is)h Fn(off)p Fo(.)p eop %%Page: 6 8 7 bop 0 -83 a Fo(6)1472 b(GNU)15 b(Readline)i(Library)240 158 y Fn(completion-query-items)480 221 y Fo(The)12 b(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)g(of)f(p)q (ossible)j(completions)e(that)f(determines)i(when)f(the)g(user)g(is)g(ask)o (ed)480 283 y(whether)k(he)h(w)o(an)o(ts)d(to)i(see)g(the)g(list)h(of)e(p)q (ossibiliti)q(es.)25 b(If)16 b(the)g(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)h(of)e(p)q(ossible)480 345 y(completions)i(is)f(greater)f(than)h(this)h(v)m(alue,)f(Readline)j(will) e(ask)f(the)g(user)g(whether)480 407 y(or)k(not)h(he)h(wishes)f(to)g(view)g (them;)j(otherwise,)e(they)f(are)g(simply)h(listed.)39 b(The)480 470 y(default)16 b(limit)g(is)g Fn(100)p Fo(.)240 564 y Fn(keymap)96 b Fo(Sets)13 b(Readline's)i(idea)e(of)g(the)g(curren)o(t)f(k)o(eymap)h(for)f (k)o(ey)h(binding)i(commands.)k(Ac-)480 626 y(ceptable)d Fn(keymap)e Fo(names)h(are)g Fn(emacs)p Fo(,)f Fn(emacs-standard)p Fo(,)f Fn(emacs-meta)p Fo(,)g Fn(emacs-)480 688 y(ctlx)p Fo(,)j Fn(vi)p Fo(,)h Fn(vi-move)p Fo(,)f Fn(vi-command)p Fo(,)g(and)h Fn(vi-insert)p Fo(.)23 b Fn(vi)17 b Fo(is)g(equiv)m(alen)o(t)i(to)d Fn(vi-)480 750 y(command)p Fo(;)22 b Fn(emacs)e Fo(is)h(equiv)m(alen)o(t)h(to)e Fn(emacs-standard)p Fo(.)35 b(The)20 b(default)i(v)m(alue)f(is)480 813 y Fn(emacs)p Fo(.)33 b(The)21 b(v)m(alue)g(of)e(the)i Fn(editing-mode)d Fo(v)m(ariable)j(also)f(a\013ects)f(the)h(default)480 875 y(k)o(eymap.)240 953 y Fn(show-all-if-ambiguous)480 1015 y Fo(This)d(alters)f(the)h(default)g (b)q(eha)o(vior)g(of)f(the)g(completion)i(functions.)24 b(If)17 b(set)f(to)g Fn(on)p Fo(,)480 1077 y(w)o(ords)d(whic)o(h)h(ha)o(v)o(e)f(more) h(than)f(one)h(p)q(ossible)h(completion)g(cause)f(the)f(matc)o(hes)h(to)480 1140 y(b)q(e)h(listed)g(immediately)h(instead)f(of)f(ringing)h(the)f(b)q (ell.)22 b(The)14 b(default)h(v)m(alue)g(is)g Fn(off)p Fo(.)240 1218 y Fn(expand-tilde)480 1280 y Fo(If)20 b(set)f(to)g Fn(on)p Fo(,)h(tilde)h(expansion)f(is)g(p)q(erformed)g(when)g(Readline)i(attempts)d (w)o(ord)480 1342 y(completion.)i(The)15 b(default)h(is)g Fn(off)p Fo(.)0 1420 y(Key)g(Bindings)240 1483 y(The)k(syn)o(tax)f(for)g(con)o (trolling)i(k)o(ey)e(bindings)j(in)e(the)g(init)h(\014le)g(is)f(simple.)35 b(First)19 b(y)o(ou)g(ha)o(v)o(e)h(to)240 1545 y(kno)o(w)13 b(the)h(name)g(of)f(the)h(command)g(that)f(y)o(ou)g(w)o(an)o(t)g(to)g(c)o (hange.)20 b(The)14 b(follo)o(wing)g(pages)g(con)o(tain)240 1607 y(tables)i(of)f(the)h(command)g(name,)f(the)h(default)g(k)o(eybinding,)i (and)e(a)f(short)g(description)i(of)f(what)240 1669 y(the)f(command)g(do)q (es.)240 1748 y(Once)h(y)o(ou)e(kno)o(w)g(the)h(name)g(of)f(the)h(command,)f (simply)i(place)g(the)f(name)f(of)h(the)f(k)o(ey)h(y)o(ou)f(wish)240 1810 y(to)g(bind)j(the)e(command)g(to,)f(a)g(colon,)i(and)f(then)g(the)g (name)g(of)g(the)g(command)g(on)g(a)f(line)j(in)f(the)240 1872 y(init)h(\014le.)22 b(The)16 b(name)g(of)f(the)h(k)o(ey)f(can)h(b)q(e)g (expressed)h(in)f(di\013eren)o(t)g(w)o(a)o(ys,)f(dep)q(ending)i(on)f(whic)o (h)240 1934 y(is)g(most)e(comfortable)h(for)g(y)o(ou.)240 2012 y Fj(k)o(eyname)s Fo(:)k Fj(function-name)g Fo(or)c Fj(macro)480 2075 y(k)o(eyname)j Fo(is)d(the)h(name)f(of)g(a)g(k)o(ey)g(sp)q(elled)i(out)e (in)h(English.)21 b(F)l(or)15 b(example:)600 2140 y Fn(Control-u:)22 b(universal-argument)600 2190 y(Meta-Rubout:)g(backward-kill-word)600 2240 y(Control-o:)g(">&output")480 2318 y Fo(In)12 b(the)g(ab)q(o)o(v)o(e)f (example,)h(`)p Fn(C-u)p Fo(')f(is)h(b)q(ound)g(to)f(the)h(function)g Fn(universal-argument)p Fo(,)480 2380 y(and)h(`)p Fn(C-o)p Fo(')f(is)h(b)q(ound)h(to)f(run)g(the)g(macro)f(expressed)i(on)f(the)g(righ)o (t)g(hand)g(side)h(\(that)480 2442 y(is,)h(to)g(insert)h(the)f(text)g(`)p Fn(>&output)p Fo(')e(in)o(to)i(the)g(line\).)240 2521 y Fn(")p Fj(k)o(eyseq)q Fn(")p Fo(:)20 b Fj(function-name)e Fo(or)d Fj(macro)480 2583 y(k)o(eyseq)j Fo(di\013ers)f(from)f Fj(k)o(eyname)k Fo(ab)q(o)o(v)o(e)c(in)i(that)e(strings)h(denoting)h(an)f(en)o(tire)g(k)o(ey) 480 2645 y(sequence)i(can)f(b)q(e)h(sp)q(eci\014ed,)i(b)o(y)d(placing)h(the)f (k)o(ey)g(sequence)h(in)g(double)h(quotes.)p eop %%Page: 7 9 8 bop 0 -83 a Fo(Chapter)15 b(1:)k(Command)c(Line)i(Editing)1227 b(7)480 158 y(Some)18 b(GNU)g(Emacs)f(st)o(yle)h(k)o(ey)g(escap)q(es)g(can)g (b)q(e)h(used,)g(as)e(in)i(the)f(follo)o(wing)h(ex-)480 221 y(ample,)c(but)h(the)f(sp)q(ecial)i(c)o(haracter)e(names)g(are)g(not)f (recognized.)600 283 y Fn("\\C-u":)23 b(universal-argument)600 333 y("\\C-x\\C-r":)f(re-read-init-file)600 383 y("\\e[11~":)h("Function)f (Key)i(1")480 457 y Fo(In)13 b(the)g(ab)q(o)o(v)o(e)g(example,)g(`)p Fn(C-u)p Fo(')f(is)h(b)q(ound)h(to)e(the)h(function)g Fn(universal-argument) 480 519 y Fo(\(just)g(as)f(it)i(w)o(as)e(in)i(the)f(\014rst)g(example\),)h(`) p Fn(C-x)g(C-r)p Fo(')f(is)g(b)q(ound)i(to)d(the)h(function)h Fn(re-)480 582 y(read-init-file)p Fo(,)g(and)i(`)p Fn(ESC)e([)h(1)g(1)g(~)p Fo(')h(is)g(b)q(ound)h(to)f(insert)g(the)g(text)f(`)p Fn(Function)480 644 y(Key)g(1)p Fo('.)24 b(The)18 b(follo)o(wing)f(escap)q(e)h(sequences)g (are)f(a)o(v)m(ailable)i(when)e(sp)q(ecifying)i(k)o(ey)480 706 y(sequences:)480 793 y Fn(\\C-)168 b Fo(con)o(trol)15 b(pre\014x)480 881 y Fn(\\M-)168 b Fo(meta)15 b(pre\014x)480 968 y Fn(\\e)192 b Fo(an)15 b(escap)q(e)h(c)o(haracter)480 1055 y Fn(\\\\)192 b Fo(bac)o(kslash)480 1142 y Fn(\\")g(")480 1229 y(\\')g(')480 1317 y Fo(When)14 b(en)o(tering)h(the)f(text)f(of)h(a)f(macro,)g(single)j(or) d(double)i(quotes)f(should)h(b)q(e)f(used)480 1379 y(to)g(indicate)j(a)e (macro)f(de\014nition.)22 b(Unquoted)15 b(text)g(is)g(assumed)g(to)g(b)q(e)g (a)g(function)480 1441 y(name.)27 b(Bac)o(kslash)18 b(will)h(quote)e(an)o(y)g (c)o(haracter)g(in)h(the)g(macro)f(text,)g(including)j Fn(")480 1503 y Fo(and)c Fn(')p Fo(.)22 b(F)l(or)16 b(example,)h(the)f(follo)o(wing)h (binding)h(will)f(mak)o(e)f Fn(C-x)f(\\)g Fo(insert)i(a)f(single)480 1566 y Fn(\\)f Fo(in)o(to)g(the)g(line:)600 1628 y Fn("\\C-x\\\\":)23 b("\\\\")0 1836 y Fi(1.3.2)30 b(Conditional)15 b(Init)g(Constructs)62 1973 y Fo(Readline)j(implemen)o(ts)e(a)f(facilit)o(y)h(similar)g(in)g(spirit) g(to)f(the)g(conditional)i(compilation)f(features)f(of)g(the)g(C)0 2035 y(prepro)q(cessor)f(whic)o(h)h(allo)o(ws)f(k)o(ey)g(bindings)h(and)f(v)m (ariable)i(settings)e(to)f(b)q(e)h(p)q(erformed)h(as)e(the)h(result)g(of)g (tests.)0 2097 y(There)h(are)g(three)h(parser)e(directiv)o(es)j(used.)0 2247 y Fn($if)168 b Fo(The)14 b Fn($if)e Fo(construct)h(allo)o(ws)h(bindings) h(to)e(b)q(e)h(made)f(based)h(on)f(the)h(editing)g(mo)q(de,)g(the)f(terminal) 240 2309 y(b)q(eing)k(used,)e(or)g(the)g(application)i(using)f(Readline.)22 b(The)16 b(text)f(of)g(the)g(test)g(extends)g(to)g(the)g(end)240 2371 y(of)g(the)g(line;)i(no)e(c)o(haracters)f(are)h(required)h(to)f(isolate) g(it.)240 2458 y Fn(mode)144 b Fo(The)19 b Fn(mode=)f Fo(form)g(of)h(the)g Fn($if)f Fo(directiv)o(e)i(is)f(used)h(to)e(test)g(whether)h(Readline)i(is) 480 2521 y(in)h Fn(emacs)f Fo(or)f Fn(vi)h Fo(mo)q(de.)38 b(This)22 b(ma)o(y)f(b)q(e)h(used)g(in)g(conjunction)g(with)f(the)h(`)p Fn(set)480 2583 y(keymap)p Fo(')d(command,)i(for)e(instance,)j(to)d(set)h (bindings)i(in)f(the)f Fn(emacs-standard)480 2645 y Fo(and)15 b Fn(emacs-ctlx)f Fo(k)o(eymaps)h(only)h(if)f(Readline)j(is)e(starting)e(out) h(in)h Fn(emacs)f Fo(mo)q(de.)p eop %%Page: 8 10 9 bop 0 -83 a Fo(8)1472 b(GNU)15 b(Readline)i(Library)240 158 y Fn(term)144 b Fo(The)21 b Fn(term=)f Fo(form)g(ma)o(y)h(b)q(e)g(used)h(to)e (include)j(terminal-sp)q(eci\014c)h(k)o(ey)c(bindings,)480 221 y(p)q(erhaps)15 b(to)f(bind)j(the)d(k)o(ey)h(sequences)h(output)e(b)o(y)h (the)g(terminal's)g(function)h(k)o(eys.)480 283 y(The)f(w)o(ord)g(on)f(the)i (righ)o(t)e(side)i(of)f(the)g(`)p Fn(=)p Fo(')f(is)h(tested)g(against)g(the)g (full)h(name)f(of)g(the)480 345 y(terminal)k(and)g(the)g(p)q(ortion)g(of)f (the)h(terminal)g(name)g(b)q(efore)g(the)g(\014rst)f(`)p Fn(-)p Fo('.)29 b(This)480 407 y(allo)o(ws)15 b Fj(sun)h Fo(to)e(matc)o(h)h(b)q(oth) g Fj(sun)h Fo(and)f Fj(sun-cmd)p Fo(,)h(for)f(instance.)240 485 y Fn(application)480 547 y Fo(The)j Fj(application)i Fo(construct)e(is)g (used)h(to)e(include)k(application-sp)q(eci\014c)g(settings.)480 610 y(Eac)o(h)d(program)g(using)h(the)f(Readline)j(library)e(sets)f(the)h Fj(application)h(name)p Fo(,)f(and)480 672 y(y)o(ou)c(can)h(test)f(for)g(it.) 21 b(This)16 b(could)g(b)q(e)h(used)f(to)e(bind)j(k)o(ey)f(sequences)g(to)f (functions)480 734 y(useful)h(for)e(a)h(sp)q(eci\014c)i(program.)h(F)l(or)d (instance,)g(the)g(follo)o(wing)h(command)e(adds)h(a)480 796 y(k)o(ey)g(sequence)h(that)f(quotes)g(the)g(curren)o(t)g(or)g(previous)h(w)o (ord)e(in)i(Bash:)600 862 y Fn($if)23 b(bash)600 911 y(#)h(Quote)f(the)g (current)g(or)h(previous)f(word)600 961 y("\\C-xq":)g("\\eb\\"\\ef\\"")600 1011 y($endif)0 1104 y($endif)96 b Fo(This)16 b(command,)e(as)h(y)o(ou)g(sa)o (w)g(in)h(the)f(previous)h(example,)f(terminates)h(an)f Fn($if)f Fo(command.)0 1197 y Fn($else)120 b Fo(Commands)15 b(in)h(this)f(branc)o(h)h (of)e(the)i Fn($if)e Fo(directiv)o(e)j(are)e(executed)h(if)g(the)f(test)g (fails.)0 1447 y Fm(1.4)33 b(Bindable)16 b(Readline)h(Commands)0 1681 y Fi(1.4.1)30 b(Commands)15 b(F)-5 b(or)15 b(Mo)n(ving)0 1821 y Fn(beginning-of-line)e(\(C-a\))240 1883 y Fo(Mo)o(v)o(e)h(to)h(the)g (start)f(of)h(the)g(curren)o(t)g(line.)0 1961 y Fn(end-of-line)f(\(C-e\))240 2023 y Fo(Mo)o(v)o(e)g(to)h(the)g(end)h(of)f(the)g(line.)0 2101 y Fn(forward-char)f(\(C-f\))240 2163 y Fo(Mo)o(v)o(e)g(forw)o(ard)g(a)h (c)o(haracter.)0 2241 y Fn(backward-char)e(\(C-b\))240 2303 y Fo(Mo)o(v)o(e)h(bac)o(k)h(a)g(c)o(haracter.)0 2381 y Fn(forward-word)f (\(M-f\))240 2443 y Fo(Mo)o(v)o(e)g(forw)o(ard)g(to)h(the)g(end)h(of)f(the)g (next)g(w)o(ord.)k(W)l(ords)c(are)g(comp)q(osed)h(of)e(letters)i(and)f (digits.)0 2521 y Fn(backward-word)e(\(M-b\))240 2583 y Fo(Mo)o(v)o(e)j(bac)o (k)g(to)g(the)h(start)f(of)g(this,)h(or)g(the)f(previous,)i(w)o(ord.)24 b(W)l(ords)16 b(are)g(comp)q(osed)i(of)e(letters)240 2645 y(and)f(digits.)p eop %%Page: 9 11 10 bop 0 -83 a Fo(Chapter)15 b(1:)k(Command)c(Line)i(Editing)1227 b(9)0 158 y Fn(clear-screen)14 b(\(C-l\))240 221 y Fo(Clear)h(the)g(screen)g (and)g(redra)o(w)f(the)h(curren)o(t)g(line,)h(lea)o(ving)g(the)f(curren)o(t)f (line)j(at)d(the)h(top)f(of)h(the)240 283 y(screen.)0 361 y Fn(redraw-current-line)e(\(\))240 423 y Fo(Refresh)j(the)f(curren)o(t)g (line.)22 b(By)15 b(default,)h(this)f(is)h(un)o(b)q(ound.)0 663 y Fi(1.4.2)30 b(Commands)15 b(F)-5 b(or)15 b(Manipulating)g(The)g (History)0 804 y Fn(accept-line)f(\(Newline,)g(Return\))240 866 y Fo(Accept)g(the)f(line)i(regardless)e(of)g(where)g(the)g(cursor)g(is.) 20 b(If)13 b(this)h(line)h(is)e(non-empt)o(y)l(,)h(add)f(it)g(to)g(the)240 928 y(history)k(list.)25 b(If)17 b(this)g(line)i(w)o(as)c(a)i(history)g (line,)h(then)f(restore)f(the)h(history)f(line)j(to)d(its)h(original)240 990 y(state.)0 1069 y Fn(previous-history)c(\(C-p\))240 1131 y Fo(Mo)o(v)o(e)h(`up')h(through)g(the)g(history)g(list.)0 1209 y Fn(next-history)f(\(C-n\))240 1272 y Fo(Mo)o(v)o(e)g(`do)o(wn')g (through)h(the)h(history)f(list.)0 1350 y Fn(beginning-of-history)d(\(M-<\)) 240 1412 y Fo(Mo)o(v)o(e)i(to)h(the)g(\014rst)g(line)i(in)f(the)f(history)l (.)0 1490 y Fn(end-of-history)e(\(M->\))240 1553 y Fo(Mo)o(v)o(e)h(to)h(the)g (end)h(of)f(the)g(input)h(history)l(,)f(i.e.,)g(the)g(line)i(y)o(ou)e(are)g (en)o(tering.)0 1631 y Fn(reverse-search-history)d(\(C-r\))240 1693 y Fo(Searc)o(h)18 b(bac)o(kw)o(ard)f(starting)g(at)g(the)g(curren)o(t)h (line)h(and)f(mo)o(ving)f(`up')h(through)f(the)h(history)f(as)240 1756 y(necessary)l(.)j(This)c(is)g(an)f(incremen)o(tal)h(searc)o(h.)0 1834 y Fn(forward-search-history)c(\(C-s\))240 1896 y Fo(Searc)o(h)j(forw)o (ard)e(starting)h(at)g(the)g(curren)o(t)h(line)h(and)f(mo)o(ving)f(`do)o(wn') g(through)g(the)g(the)h(history)240 1958 y(as)g(necessary)l(.)20 b(This)c(is)g(an)f(incremen)o(tal)h(searc)o(h.)0 2037 y Fn (non-incremental-reverse-se)o(arch-hi)o(story)c(\(M-p\))240 2099 y Fo(Searc)o(h)18 b(bac)o(kw)o(ard)f(starting)g(at)g(the)g(curren)o(t)h (line)h(and)f(mo)o(ving)f(`up')h(through)f(the)h(history)f(as)240 2161 y(necessary)e(using)h(a)f(non-incremen)o(tal)i(searc)o(h)e(for)g(a)f (string)i(supplied)h(b)o(y)e(the)h(user.)0 2239 y Fn (non-incremental-forward-se)o(arch-hi)o(story)c(\(M-n\))240 2302 y Fo(Searc)o(h)j(forw)o(ard)e(starting)h(at)g(the)g(curren)o(t)h(line)h (and)f(mo)o(ving)f(`do)o(wn')g(through)g(the)g(the)h(history)240 2364 y(as)g(necessary)g(using)h(a)f(non-incremen)o(tal)i(searc)o(h)e(for)f(a) h(string)g(supplied)j(b)o(y)d(the)g(user.)0 2442 y Fn(history-search-forward) d(\(\))240 2505 y Fo(Searc)o(h)h(forw)o(ard)f(through)h(the)g(history)g(for)g (the)g(string)g(of)g(c)o(haracters)f(b)q(et)o(w)o(een)i(the)f(start)f(of)h (the)240 2567 y(curren)o(t)j(line)i(and)e(the)h(curren)o(t)f(p)q(oin)o(t.)23 b(This)17 b(is)f(a)g(non-incremen)o(tal)i(searc)o(h.)23 b(By)16 b(default,)h(this)240 2629 y(command)e(is)h(un)o(b)q(ound.)p eop %%Page: 10 12 11 bop 0 -83 a Fo(10)1449 b(GNU)15 b(Readline)i(Library)0 158 y Fn(history-search-backward)12 b(\(\))240 221 y Fo(Searc)o(h)k(bac)o(kw)o (ard)g(through)g(the)g(history)g(for)g(the)g(string)g(of)g(c)o(haracters)g(b) q(et)o(w)o(een)g(the)g(start)f(of)240 283 y(the)i(curren)o(t)g(line)h(and)f (the)g(curren)o(t)g(p)q(oin)o(t.)25 b(This)17 b(is)g(a)g(non-incremen)o(tal)h (searc)o(h.)25 b(By)17 b(default,)240 345 y(this)f(command)f(is)g(un)o(b)q (ound.)0 425 y Fn(yank-nth-arg)f(\(M-C-y\))240 487 y Fo(Insert)19 b(the)g(\014rst)f(argumen)o(t)g(to)g(the)h(previous)g(command)g(\(usually)g (the)g(second)g(w)o(ord)f(on)h(the)240 550 y(previous)e(line\).)23 b(With)16 b(an)g(argumen)o(t)f Fj(n)p Fo(,)h(insert)h(the)f Fj(n)p Fo(th)g(w)o(ord)f(from)g(the)h(previous)h(command)240 612 y(\(the)d(w)o(ords)g(in)h(the)g(previous)g(command)f(b)q(egin)i(with)f(w) o(ord)f(0\).)19 b(A)14 b(negativ)o(e)h(argumen)o(t)f(inserts)240 674 y(the)h Fj(n)p Fo(th)h(w)o(ord)e(from)h(the)g(end)h(of)e(the)i(previous)g (command.)0 754 y Fn(yank-last-arg)d(\(M-.,)i(M-_\))240 816 y Fo(Insert)k(last)g(argumen)o(t)g(to)f(the)h(previous)h(command)f(\(the)g (last)g(w)o(ord)f(on)h(the)g(previous)h(line\).)240 879 y(With)15 b(an)h(argumen)o(t,)e(b)q(eha)o(v)o(e)h(exactly)h(lik)o(e)g Fn(yank-nth-arg)p Fo(.)0 1134 y Fi(1.4.3)30 b(Commands)15 b(F)-5 b(or)15 b(Changing)g(T)-5 b(ext)0 1276 y Fn(delete-char)14 b(\(C-d\))240 1338 y Fo(Delete)f(the)f(c)o(haracter)f(under)i(the)f(cursor.) 19 b(If)12 b(the)g(cursor)g(is)g(at)g(the)g(b)q(eginning)i(of)e(the)g(line,)i (there)240 1400 y(are)k(no)g(c)o(haracters)g(in)h(the)g(line,)h(and)f(the)f (last)g(c)o(haracter)g(t)o(yp)q(ed)h(w)o(as)e(not)h(C-d,)h(then)g(return)240 1463 y(EOF.)0 1543 y Fn(backward-delete-char)12 b(\(Rubout\))240 1605 y Fo(Delete)g(the)f(c)o(haracter)f(b)q(ehind)j(the)e(cursor.)18 b(A)11 b(n)o(umeric)h(arg)e(sa)o(ys)g(to)g(kill)j(the)e(c)o(haracters)f (instead)240 1667 y(of)15 b(deleting)h(them.)0 1747 y Fn(quoted-insert)d (\(C-q,)i(C-v\))240 1809 y Fo(Add)i(the)f(next)h(c)o(haracter)f(that)f(y)o (ou)h(t)o(yp)q(e)h(to)f(the)g(line)i(v)o(erbatim.)24 b(This)17 b(is)g(ho)o(w)e(to)h(insert)h(k)o(ey)240 1872 y(sequences)f(lik)o(e)h Fn(C-Q)p Fo(,)d(for)h(example.)0 1952 y Fn(tab-insert)f(\(M-TAB\))240 2014 y Fo(Insert)h(a)g(tab)g(c)o(haracter.)0 2094 y Fn(self-insert)f(\(a,)g (b,)h(A,)g(1,)g(!,)g(...\))240 2156 y Fo(Insert)g(y)o(ourself.)0 2236 y Fn(transpose-chars)e(\(C-t\))240 2298 y Fo(Drag)h(the)h(c)o(haracter)g (b)q(efore)g(the)h(cursor)f(forw)o(ard)f(o)o(v)o(er)g(the)h(c)o(haracter)g (at)f(the)i(cursor,)e(mo)o(ving)240 2361 y(the)k(cursor)h(forw)o(ard)e(as)h (w)o(ell.)30 b(If)19 b(the)f(insertion)i(p)q(oin)o(t)f(is)g(at)e(the)i(end)g (of)f(the)g(line,)j(then)e(this)240 2423 y(transp)q(oses)c(the)g(last)g(t)o (w)o(o)f(c)o(haracters)h(of)f(the)i(line.)21 b(Negativ)o(e)15 b(argumen)o(tss)f(don't)h(w)o(ork.)0 2503 y Fn(transpose-words)e(\(M-t\))240 2565 y Fo(Drag)f(the)h(w)o(ord)f(b)q(ehind)i(the)f(cursor)g(past)f(the)h(w)o (ord)f(in)h(fron)o(t)f(of)h(the)f(cursor)h(mo)o(ving)f(the)h(cursor)240 2627 y(o)o(v)o(er)h(that)h(w)o(ord)f(as)h(w)o(ell.)p eop %%Page: 11 13 12 bop 0 -83 a Fo(Chapter)15 b(1:)k(Command)c(Line)i(Editing)1205 b(11)0 158 y Fn(upcase-word)14 b(\(M-u\))240 221 y Fo(Upp)q(ercase)h(the)e (curren)o(t)h(\(or)f(follo)o(wing\))h(w)o(ord.)k(With)c(a)f(negativ)o(e)h (argumen)o(t,)f(do)g(the)h(previous)240 283 y(w)o(ord,)g(but)h(do)h(not)e(mo) o(v)o(e)h(the)g(cursor.)0 358 y Fn(downcase-word)e(\(M-l\))240 420 y Fo(Lo)o(w)o(ercase)g(the)i(curren)o(t)f(\(or)f(follo)o(wing\))h(w)o (ord.)19 b(With)14 b(a)g(negativ)o(e)g(argumen)o(t,)f(do)h(the)g(previous)240 482 y(w)o(ord,)g(but)h(do)h(not)e(mo)o(v)o(e)h(the)g(cursor.)0 557 y Fn(capitalize-word)e(\(M-c\))240 619 y Fo(Capitalize)j(the)e(curren)o (t)g(\(or)f(follo)o(wing\))i(w)o(ord.)j(With)d(a)f(negativ)o(e)g(argumen)o (t,)f(do)h(the)g(previous)240 682 y(w)o(ord,)g(but)h(do)h(not)e(mo)o(v)o(e)h (the)g(cursor.)0 891 y Fi(1.4.4)30 b(Killing)15 b(And)h(Y)-5 b(anking)0 1028 y Fn(kill-line)14 b(\(C-k\))240 1090 y Fo(Kill)j(the)f(text)e (from)h(the)g(curren)o(t)g(cursor)g(p)q(osition)h(to)f(the)g(end)h(of)f(the)g (line.)0 1165 y Fn(backward-kill-line)e(\(C-x)h(Rubout\))240 1228 y Fo(Kill)j(bac)o(kw)o(ard)e(to)f(the)i(b)q(eginning)h(of)e(the)g(line.) 0 1302 y Fn(unix-line-discard)e(\(C-u\))240 1365 y Fo(Kill)j(bac)o(kw)o(ard)d (from)f(the)i(cursor)f(to)g(the)h(b)q(eginning)i(of)d(the)g(curren)o(t)h (line.)21 b(Sa)o(v)o(e)13 b(the)h(killed)h(text)240 1427 y(on)g(the)g (kill-ring.)0 1502 y Fn(kill-whole-line)e(\(\))240 1564 y Fo(Kill)18 b(all)f(c)o(haracters)e(on)h(the)g(curren)o(t)f(line,)j(no)e(matter)e(where)i (the)g(cursor)g(is.)22 b(By)16 b(default,)h(this)240 1626 y(is)f(un)o(b)q (ound.)0 1701 y Fn(kill-word)e(\(M-d\))240 1764 y Fo(Kill)j(from)d(the)h (cursor)g(to)f(the)h(end)g(of)g(the)g(curren)o(t)f(w)o(ord,)g(or)g(if)i(b)q (et)o(w)o(een)f(w)o(ords,)f(to)g(the)h(end)g(of)240 1826 y(the)g(next)h(w)o (ord.)j(W)l(ord)c(b)q(oundaries)h(are)f(the)g(same)g(as)g Fn(forward-word)p Fo(.)0 1901 y Fn(backward-kill-word)e(\(M-DEL\))240 1963 y Fo(Kill)k(the)f(w)o(ord)e(b)q(ehind)j(the)f(cursor.)j(W)l(ord)c(b)q (oundaries)i(are)d(the)i(same)f(as)f Fn(backward-word)p Fo(.)0 2038 y Fn(unix-word-rubout)f(\(C-w\))240 2100 y Fo(Kill)i(the)e(w)o(ord)f(b)q (ehind)j(the)f(cursor,)e(using)i(white)f(space)h(as)e(a)h(w)o(ord)f(b)q (oundary)l(.)20 b(The)13 b(killed)i(text)240 2162 y(is)h(sa)o(v)o(ed)e(on)i (the)f(kill-ring.)0 2237 y Fn(delete-horizontal-space)d(\(\))240 2300 y Fo(Delete)k(all)g(spaces)f(and)h(tabs)e(around)i(p)q(oin)o(t.)k(By)15 b(default,)h(this)f(is)h(un)o(b)q(ound.)0 2375 y Fn(yank)f(\(C-y\))240 2437 y Fo(Y)l(ank)g(the)h(top)f(of)f(the)i(kill)h(ring)e(in)o(to)g(the)h (bu\013er)f(at)f(the)i(curren)o(t)f(cursor)g(p)q(osition.)0 2512 y Fn(yank-pop)f(\(M-y\))240 2574 y Fo(Rotate)f(the)h(kill-ring,)i(and)e (y)o(ank)g(the)g(new)g(top.)19 b(Y)l(ou)14 b(can)g(only)g(do)g(this)g(if)g (the)g(prior)g(command)240 2636 y(is)i(y)o(ank)f(or)f(y)o(ank-p)q(op.)p eop %%Page: 12 14 13 bop 0 -83 a Fo(12)1449 b(GNU)15 b(Readline)i(Library)0 158 y Fi(1.4.5)30 b(Sp)r(ecifying)15 b(Numeric)h(Argumen)n(ts)0 301 y Fn(digit-argument)d(\(M-0,)i(M-1,)f(...)h(M--\))240 364 y Fo(Add)k(this)f(digit)h(to)f(the)g(argumen)o(t)f(already)i(accum)o (ulating,)g(or)f(start)f(a)g(new)i(argumen)o(t.)28 b(M{)240 426 y(starts)14 b(a)h(negativ)o(e)g(argumen)o(t.)0 507 y Fn (universal-argument)e(\(\))240 569 y Fo(Eac)o(h)k(time)h(this)g(is)f (executed,)i(the)e(argumen)o(t)g(coun)o(t)g(is)h(m)o(ultiplied)i(b)o(y)d (four.)26 b(The)18 b(argumen)o(t)240 631 y(coun)o(t)i(is)h(initially)j(one,)d (so)f(executing)i(this)f(function)g(the)g(\014rst)f(time)h(mak)o(es)f(the)h (argumen)o(t)240 693 y(coun)o(t)15 b(four.)20 b(By)15 b(default,)g(this)h(is) g(not)e(b)q(ound)j(to)d(a)h(k)o(ey)l(.)0 956 y Fi(1.4.6)30 b(Letting)14 b(Readline)h(T)n(yp)r(e)h(F)-5 b(or)14 b(Y)-5 b(ou)0 1099 y Fn(complete)14 b(\(TAB\))240 1161 y Fo(A)o(ttempt)i(to)h(do)g (completion)i(on)e(the)g(text)g(b)q(efore)h(the)f(cursor.)26 b(This)18 b(is)g(application-sp)q(eci\014c.)240 1223 y(Generally)l(,)h(if)f (y)o(ou)f(are)h(t)o(yping)g(a)f(\014lename)i(argumen)o(t,)e(y)o(ou)g(can)h (do)f(\014lename)i(completion;)g(if)240 1285 y(y)o(ou)f(are)f(t)o(yping)i(a)e (command,)i(y)o(ou)e(can)i(do)f(command)g(completion,)h(if)g(y)o(ou)e(are)h (t)o(yping)g(in)h(a)240 1348 y(sym)o(b)q(ol)e(to)f(GDB,)g(y)o(ou)g(can)h(do)g (sym)o(b)q(ol)g(name)g(completion,)h(if)f(y)o(ou)f(are)h(t)o(yping)g(in)g(a)g (v)m(ariable)240 1410 y(to)e(Bash,)f(y)o(ou)h(can)h(do)f(v)m(ariable)h(name)g (completion,)g(and)f(so)g(on.)0 1491 y Fn(possible-completions)d(\(M-?\))240 1553 y Fo(List)k(the)f(p)q(ossible)i(completions)f(of)f(the)g(text)g(b)q (efore)h(the)f(cursor.)0 1634 y Fn(insert-completions)e(\(\))240 1696 y Fo(Insert)22 b(all)h(completions)g(of)f(the)g(text)f(b)q(efore)h(p)q (oin)o(t)h(that)e(w)o(ould)h(ha)o(v)o(e)g(b)q(een)h(generated)f(b)o(y)240 1758 y Fn(possible-completions)p Fo(.)17 b(By)e(default,)h(this)f(is)h(not)f (b)q(ound)h(to)f(a)g(k)o(ey)l(.)0 2020 y Fi(1.4.7)30 b(Keyb)r(oard)15 b(Macros)0 2163 y Fn(start-kbd-macro)e(\(C-x)i(\(\))240 2226 y Fo(Begin)h(sa)o(ving)f(the)h(c)o(haracters)e(t)o(yp)q(ed)i(in)o(to)f(the)g (curren)o(t)g(k)o(eyb)q(oard)g(macro.)0 2306 y Fn(end-kbd-macro)e(\(C-x)i (\)\))240 2369 y Fo(Stop)f(sa)o(ving)h(the)g(c)o(haracters)f(t)o(yp)q(ed)h (in)o(to)f(the)h(curren)o(t)f(k)o(eyb)q(oard)h(macro)f(and)h(sa)o(v)o(e)f (the)g(de\014ni-)240 2431 y(tion.)0 2512 y Fn(call-last-kbd-macro)f(\(C-x)h (e\))240 2574 y Fo(Re-execute)20 b(the)f(last)f(k)o(eyb)q(oard)g(macro)g (de\014ned,)i(b)o(y)f(making)f(the)h(c)o(haracters)f(in)h(the)g(macro)240 2636 y(app)q(ear)c(as)g(if)h(t)o(yp)q(ed)f(at)g(the)g(k)o(eyb)q(oard.)p eop %%Page: 13 15 14 bop 0 -83 a Fo(Chapter)15 b(1:)k(Command)c(Line)i(Editing)1205 b(13)0 158 y Fi(1.4.8)30 b(Some)15 b(Miscellaneous)h(Commands)0 299 y Fn(re-read-init-file)d(\(C-x)h(C-r\))240 361 y Fo(Read)i(in)g(the)f (con)o(ten)o(ts)f(of)h(y)o(our)g(init)h(\014le,)g(and)f(incorp)q(orate)h(an)o (y)e(bindings)j(or)e(v)m(ariable)i(assign-)240 423 y(men)o(ts)e(found)g (there.)0 502 y Fn(abort)f(\(C-g\))240 564 y Fo(Ab)q(ort)f(the)h(curren)o(t)f (editing)i(command)e(and)h(ring)g(the)f(terminal's)h(b)q(ell)h(\(sub)s(ject)f (to)e(the)i(setting)240 626 y(of)h Fn(bell-style)p Fo(\).)0 704 y Fn(do-uppercase-version)d(\(M-a,)j(M-b,)f(...\))240 767 y Fo(Run)i(the)f(command)g(that)g(is)h(b)q(ound)g(to)e(the)i(corresop)q (onding)g(upp)q(ercase)g(c)o(haracter.)0 845 y Fn(prefix-meta)e(\(ESC\))240 907 y Fo(Mak)o(e)g(the)g(next)h(c)o(haracter)f(that)g(y)o(ou)g(t)o(yp)q(e)h (b)q(e)g(meta\014ed.)20 b(This)15 b(is)g(for)f(p)q(eople)i(without)e(a)h (meta)240 970 y(k)o(ey)l(.)20 b(T)o(yping)c(`)p Fn(ESC)e(f)p Fo(')h(is)g(equiv)m(alen)o(t)i(to)e(t)o(yping)g(`)p Fn(M-f)p Fo('.)0 1048 y Fn(undo)g(\(C-_,)f(C-x)h(C-u\))240 1110 y Fo(Incremen)o(tal)h (undo,)f(separately)h(remem)o(b)q(ered)g(for)e(eac)o(h)h(line.)0 1188 y Fn(revert-line)f(\(M-r\))240 1251 y Fo(Undo)20 b(all)h(c)o(hanges)f (made)g(to)f(this)i(line.)35 b(This)21 b(is)f(lik)o(e)h(t)o(yping)f(the)g Fn(undo)g Fo(command)g(enough)240 1313 y(times)15 b(to)g(get)g(bac)o(k)g(to)f (the)i(b)q(eginning.)0 1391 y Fn(tilde-expand)e(\(M-~\))240 1453 y Fo(P)o(erform)g(tilde)j(expansion)f(on)f(the)g(curren)o(t)g(w)o(ord.)0 1532 y Fn(dump-functions)e(\(\))240 1594 y Fo(Prin)o(t)18 b(all)h(of)f(the)g (functions)h(and)g(their)g(k)o(ey)f(bindings)i(to)d(the)i(readline)h(output)e (stream.)28 b(If)18 b(a)240 1656 y(n)o(umeric)i(argumen)o(t)d(is)i(supplied,) j(the)d(output)f(is)h(formatted)f(in)h(suc)o(h)g(a)f(w)o(a)o(y)g(that)g(it)h (can)f(b)q(e)240 1718 y(made)d(part)g(of)g(an)g Fj(inputrc)k Fo(\014le.)0 1974 y Fm(1.5)33 b(Readline)16 b(vi)g(Mo)r(de)62 2115 y Fo(While)d(the)f(Readline)i(library)e(do)q(es)g(not)g(ha)o(v)o(e)f(a)g (full)i(set)f(of)f Fn(vi)g Fo(editing)i(functions,)g(it)f(do)q(es)g(con)o (tain)g(enough)0 2177 y(to)i(allo)o(w)h(simple)i(editing)f(of)f(the)g(line.) 21 b(The)15 b(Readline)i Fn(vi)e Fo(mo)q(de)g(b)q(eha)o(v)o(es)h(as)e(sp)q (eci\014ed)j(in)f(the)f(P)o(osix)g(1003.2)0 2240 y(standard.)62 2380 y(In)i(order)e(to)g(switc)o(h)h(in)o(teractiv)o(ely)h(b)q(et)o(w)o(een)f Fn(Emacs)f Fo(and)h Fn(Vi)f Fo(editing)i(mo)q(des,)f(use)g(the)g(command)f (M-C-j)0 2442 y(\(toggle-editing-mo)q(de\).)21 b(The)15 b(Readline)j(default) e(is)f Fn(emacs)g Fo(mo)q(de.)62 2583 y(When)k(y)o(ou)f(en)o(ter)g(a)g(line)i (in)g Fn(vi)e Fo(mo)q(de,)h(y)o(ou)f(are)g(already)g(placed)i(in)f (`insertion')g(mo)q(de,)g(as)f(if)h(y)o(ou)f(had)0 2645 y(t)o(yp)q(ed)e(an)f (`)p Fn(i)p Fo('.)20 b(Pressing)c Fn(ESC)f Fo(switc)o(hes)h(y)o(ou)f(in)o(to) h(`command')f(mo)q(de,)g(where)h(y)o(ou)f(can)h(edit)g(the)g(text)f(of)g(the) p eop %%Page: 14 16 15 bop 0 -83 a Fo(14)1449 b(GNU)15 b(Readline)i(Library)0 158 y(line)j(with)e(the)g(standard)g Fn(vi)f Fo(mo)o(v)o(emen)o(t)g(k)o(eys,)h (mo)o(v)o(e)g(to)f(previous)i(history)f(lines)h(with)g(`)p Fn(k)p Fo(',)e(and)h(follo)o(wing)0 221 y(lines)f(with)e(`)p Fn(j)p Fo(',)f(and)i(so)e(forth.)p eop %%Page: 15 17 16 bop 0 -83 a Fo(Chapter)15 b(2:)k(Programming)c(with)g(GNU)g(Readline)994 b(15)0 158 y Fk(2)41 b(Programming)16 b(with)f(GNU)h(Readline)62 370 y Fo(This)j(c)o(hapter)f(describ)q(es)i(the)e(in)o(terface)g(b)q(et)o(w)o (een)h(the)f(GNU)g(Readline)j(Library)d(and)h(other)f(programs.)0 433 y(If)h(y)o(ou)g(are)f(a)h(programmer,)f(and)i(y)o(ou)e(wish)i(to)e (include)j(the)e(features)g(found)g(in)h(GNU)f(Readline)i(suc)o(h)e(as)0 495 y(completion,)f(line)h(editing,)f(and)f(in)o(teractiv)o(e)h(history)f (manipulation)h(in)g(y)o(our)f(o)o(wn)f(programs,)g(this)h(section)0 557 y(is)f(for)e(y)o(ou.)0 826 y Fm(2.1)33 b(Basic)14 b(Beha)n(vior)62 968 y Fo(Man)o(y)c(programs)g(pro)o(vide)h(a)g(command)f(line)j(in)o (terface,)e(suc)o(h)g(as)g Fn(mail)p Fo(,)f Fn(ftp)p Fo(,)h(and)g Fn(sh)p Fo(.)18 b(F)l(or)10 b(suc)o(h)i(programs,)0 1031 y(the)17 b(default)h(b)q(eha)o(viour)g(of)e(Readline)k(is)e(su\016cien)o(t.)26 b(This)18 b(section)f(describ)q(es)i(ho)o(w)e(to)f(use)i(Readline)h(in)f(the) 0 1093 y(simplest)e(w)o(a)o(y)e(p)q(ossible,)j(p)q(erhaps)f(to)e(replace)j (calls)f(in)g(y)o(our)f(co)q(de)g(to)g Fn(gets\(\))f Fo(or)h Fn(fgets)f(\(\))p Fo(.)62 1235 y(The)g(function)g Fn(readline)g(\(\))f Fo(prin)o(ts)h(a)f(prompt)g(and)h(then)g(reads)f(and)g(returns)h(a)f(single)i (line)g(of)e(text)g(from)0 1297 y(the)g(user.)19 b(The)13 b(line)i Fn(readline)d Fo(returns)g(is)i(allo)q(cated)g(with)f Fn(malloc)h(\(\))p Fo(;)f(y)o(ou)g(should)h Fn(free)g(\(\))f Fo(the)g(line)h(when)0 1360 y(y)o(ou)h(are)g(done)g(with)h(it.)k(The)15 b(declaration)h(for)f Fn(readline)f Fo(in)i(ANSI)g(C)f(is)120 1489 y Fn(char)23 b(*readline)g (\(char)g(*)p Fj(prompt)q Fn(\);)0 1631 y Fo(So,)15 b(one)g(migh)o(t)g(sa)o (y)120 1761 y Fn(char)23 b(*line)g(=)h(readline)f(\("Enter)g(a)h(line:)f ("\);)0 1903 y Fo(in)17 b(order)g(to)f(read)g(a)g(line)j(of)d(text)g(from)g (the)g(user.)24 b(The)17 b(line)h(returned)f(has)g(the)f(\014nal)i(newline)g (remo)o(v)o(ed,)e(so)0 1965 y(only)g(the)f(text)g(remains.)62 2107 y(If)g Fn(readline)f Fo(encoun)o(ters)h(an)f Fn(EOF)h Fo(while)h(reading)f(the)g(line,)h(and)f(the)g(line)h(is)f(empt)o(y)g(at)f (that)g(p)q(oin)o(t,)h(then)0 2169 y Fn(\(char)f(*\)NULL)h Fo(is)h(returned.)k(Otherwise,)15 b(the)h(line)h(is)e(ended)i(just)d(as)h(if) h(a)f(newline)i(had)e(b)q(een)i(t)o(yp)q(ed.)62 2311 y(If)g(y)o(ou)g(w)o(an)o (t)f(the)h(user)g(to)f(b)q(e)i(able)f(to)g(get)f(at)g(the)h(line)i(later,)e (\(with)g Fn(C-P)f Fo(for)g(example\),)i(y)o(ou)e(m)o(ust)h(call)0 2374 y Fn(add_history)d(\(\))h Fo(to)f(sa)o(v)o(e)h(the)g(line)i(a)o(w)o(a)o (y)c(in)j(a)f Fj(history)k Fo(list)d(of)f(suc)o(h)h(lines.)120 2503 y Fn(add_history)22 b(\(line\);)0 2645 y Fo(F)l(or)15 b(full)h(details)g(on)f(the)h(GNU)f(History)g(Library)l(,)g(see)h(the)f(asso) q(ciated)g(man)o(ual.)p eop %%Page: 16 18 17 bop 0 -83 a Fo(16)1449 b(GNU)15 b(Readline)i(Library)62 158 y(It)e(is)g(preferable)g(to)f(a)o(v)o(oid)g(sa)o(ving)h(empt)o(y)f(lines) i(on)f(the)f(history)h(list,)g(since)g(users)g(rarely)g(ha)o(v)o(e)f(a)g (burning)0 221 y(need)i(to)e(reuse)h(a)f(blank)i(line.)21 b(Here)15 b(is)g(a)g(function)g(whic)o(h)h(usefully)g(replaces)g(the)f(standard)f Fn(gets)h(\(\))f Fo(library)0 283 y(function,)i(and)f(has)g(the)g(adv)m(an)o (tage)g(of)g(no)g(static)g(bu\013er)g(to)g(o)o(v)o(er\015o)o(w:)120 428 y Fn(/*)24 b(A)f(static)g(variable)g(for)h(holding)e(the)i(line.)f(*/)120 477 y(static)g(char)g(*line_read)g(=)h(\(char)f(*\)NULL;)120 577 y(/*)h(Read)f(a)h(string,)f(and)g(return)g(a)h(pointer)f(to)g(it.)48 b(Returns)22 b(NULL)i(on)f(EOF.)h(*/)120 627 y(char)f(*)120 677 y(rl_gets)g(\(\))120 726 y({)168 776 y(/*)g(If)h(the)f(buffer)g(has)h (already)f(been)g(allocated,)g(return)g(the)g(memory)239 826 y(to)h(the)f(free)h(pool.)f(*/)168 876 y(if)g(\(line_read\))215 926 y({)263 975 y(free)g(\(line_read\);)263 1025 y(line_read)g(=)h(\(char)f (*\)NULL;)215 1075 y(})168 1175 y(/*)g(Get)h(a)f(line)h(from)f(the)h(user.)f (*/)168 1225 y(line_read)f(=)i(readline)f(\(""\);)168 1324 y(/*)g(If)h(the)f(line)h(has)f(any)h(text)f(in)g(it,)h(save)f(it)h(on)f(the)h (history.)f(*/)168 1374 y(if)g(\(line_read)g(&&)g(*line_read\))215 1424 y(add_history)g(\(line_read\);)168 1523 y(return)g(\(line_read\);)120 1573 y(})62 1730 y Fo(This)15 b(function)g(giv)o(es)f(the)g(user)g(the)g (default)h(b)q(eha)o(viour)g(of)e Fn(TAB)h Fo(completion:)20 b(completion)15 b(on)f(\014le)h(names.)0 1793 y(If)h(y)o(ou)f(do)h(not)f(w)o (an)o(t)g(Readline)j(to)d(complete)i(on)e(\014lenames,)i(y)o(ou)e(can)h(c)o (hange)g(the)g(binding)i(of)d(the)h Fn(TAB)f Fo(k)o(ey)0 1855 y(with)h Fn(rl_bind_key)d(\(\))p Fo(.)120 1999 y Fn(int)23 b(rl_bind_key)g(\(int)g Fj(k)o(ey)p Fn(,)h(int)f(\(*)p Fj(function)p Fn(\)\(\)\);)62 2157 y(rl_bind_key)14 b(\(\))f Fo(tak)o(es)g(t)o(w)o(o)f (argumen)o(ts:)19 b Fj(k)o(ey)e Fo(is)d(the)g(c)o(haracter)f(that)g(y)o(ou)g (w)o(an)o(t)f(to)h(bind,)i(and)f Fj(function)0 2219 y Fo(is)g(the)g(address)g (of)f(the)h(function)g(to)f(call)i(when)f Fj(k)o(ey)j Fo(is)d(pressed.)20 b(Binding)c Fn(TAB)d Fo(to)g Fn(rl_insert)h(\(\))f Fo(mak)o(es)g Fn(TAB)0 2281 y Fo(insert)i(itself.)20 b Fn(rl_bind_key)14 b(\(\))g Fo(returns)g(non-zero)h(if)g Fj(k)o(ey)j Fo(is)d(not)f(a)g(v)m(alid) i(ASCI)q(I)f(c)o(haracter)f(co)q(de)h(\(b)q(et)o(w)o(een)0 2343 y(0)g(and)g(255\).)62 2500 y(Th)o(us,)g(to)g(disable)h(the)g(default)f Fn(TAB)g Fo(b)q(eha)o(vior,)h(the)f(follo)o(wing)h(su\016ces:)120 2645 y Fn(rl_bind_key)22 b(\('\\t',)h(rl_insert\);)p eop %%Page: 17 19 18 bop 0 -83 a Fo(Chapter)15 b(2:)k(Programming)c(with)g(GNU)g(Readline)994 b(17)62 158 y(This)12 b(co)q(de)f(should)h(b)q(e)f(executed)h(once)f(at)f (the)h(start)f(of)g(y)o(our)g(program;)h(y)o(ou)g(migh)o(t)f(write)h(a)g (function)g(called)0 221 y Fn(initialize_readline)i(\(\))j Fo(whic)o(h)h(p)q(erforms)f(this)h(and)f(other)g(desired)i(initializations,)h (suc)o(h)e(as)f(installing)0 283 y(custom)f(completers)g(\(see)h(Section)g (2.5)e([Custom)g(Completers],)h(page)g(28\).)0 539 y Fm(2.2)33 b(Custom)14 b(F)-6 b(unctions)62 680 y Fo(Readline)18 b(pro)o(vides)f(man)o (y)e(functions)i(for)e(manipulating)j(the)e(text)f(of)g(the)h(line,)i(but)e (it)g(isn't)g(p)q(ossible)i(to)0 742 y(an)o(ticipate)i(the)g(needs)g(of)f (all)h(programs.)31 b(This)20 b(section)g(describ)q(es)h(the)f(v)m(arious)g (functions)g(and)g(v)m(ariables)0 804 y(de\014ned)c(within)f(the)g(Readline)i (library)e(whic)o(h)g(allo)o(w)g(a)f(user)g(program)f(to)h(add)h(customized)g (functionalit)o(y)h(to)0 866 y(Readline.)0 1106 y Fi(2.2.1)30 b(The)15 b(F)-5 b(unction)14 b(T)n(yp)r(e)62 1247 y Fo(F)l(or)j(readabilt)o (y)l(,)h(w)o(e)f(declare)i(a)e(new)g(t)o(yp)q(e)h(of)f(ob)s(ject,)f(called)j Fj(F)l(unction)p Fo(.)28 b(A)17 b Fn(Function)f Fo(is)i(a)f(C)g(function)0 1309 y(whic)o(h)f(returns)f(an)g Fn(int)p Fo(.)20 b(The)15 b(t)o(yp)q(e)g(declaration)h(for)f Fn(Function)f Fo(is:)0 1450 y Fn(typedef)g(int)h(Function)f(\(\);)62 1590 y Fo(The)i(reason)f(for)g (declaring)i(this)f(new)g(t)o(yp)q(e)f(is)h(to)f(mak)o(e)g(it)h(easier)g(to)f (write)g(co)q(de)h(describing)i(p)q(oin)o(ters)e(to)0 1652 y(C)g(functions.)25 b(Let)17 b(us)f(sa)o(y)g(w)o(e)g(had)h(a)f(v)m(ariable)i (called)g Fj(func)i Fo(whic)o(h)d(w)o(as)f(a)g(p)q(oin)o(ter)h(to)f(a)g (function.)25 b(Instead)0 1715 y(of)15 b(the)g(classic)h(C)f(declaration)62 1855 y Fn(int)g(\(*\)\(\)func;)0 1996 y Fo(w)o(e)g(ma)o(y)f(write)62 2136 y Fn(Function)g(*func;)0 2277 y Fo(Similarly)l(,)j(there)e(are)120 2405 y Fn(typedef)23 b(void)g(VFunction)g(\(\);)120 2455 y(typedef)g(char)g (*CPFunction)g(\(\);)g Fo(and)120 2505 y Fn(typedef)g(char)g(**CPPFunction)f (\(\);)0 2645 y Fo(for)12 b(functions)h(returning)g(no)g(v)m(alue,)g Fn(pointer)i(to)g(char)p Fo(,)d(and)g Fn(pointer)i(to)h(pointer)g(to)f(char)p Fo(,)e(resp)q(ectiv)o(ely)l(.)p eop %%Page: 18 20 19 bop 0 -83 a Fo(18)1449 b(GNU)15 b(Readline)i(Library)0 158 y Fi(2.2.2)30 b(W)-5 b(riting)15 b(a)g(New)g(F)-5 b(unction)62 300 y Fo(In)22 b(order)f(to)g(write)g(new)h(functions)g(for)f(Readline,)j(y)o (ou)d(need)h(to)f(kno)o(w)g(the)g(calling)i(con)o(v)o(en)o(tions)f(for)0 362 y(k)o(eyb)q(oard-in)o(v)o(ok)o(ed)17 b(functions,)g(and)f(the)h(names)f (of)g(the)h(v)m(ariables)h(that)d(describ)q(e)j(the)f(curren)o(t)f(state)g (of)g(the)0 425 y(line)h(read)e(so)g(far.)62 566 y(The)h(calling)h(sequence)f (for)f(a)f(command)i Fn(foo)e Fo(lo)q(oks)i(lik)o(e)120 696 y Fn(foo)23 b(\(int)h(count,)f(int)g(key\))0 837 y Fo(where)f Fj(coun)o(t)g Fo(is)g(the)f(n)o(umeric)i(argumen)o(t)d(\(or)h(1)g(if)h (defaulted\))g(and)f Fj(k)o(ey)26 b Fo(is)21 b(the)h(k)o(ey)f(that)g(in)o(v)o (ok)o(ed)h(this)0 900 y(function.)62 1041 y(It)f(is)h(completely)g(up)f(to)f (the)h(function)h(as)f(to)f(what)g(should)i(b)q(e)g(done)f(with)g(the)g(n)o (umeric)h(argumen)o(t.)0 1104 y(Some)c(functions)g(use)g(it)g(as)f(a)h(rep)q (eat)g(coun)o(t,)f(some)h(as)f(a)g(\015ag,)h(and)g(others)f(to)g(c)o(ho)q (ose)h(alternate)f(b)q(eha)o(vior)0 1166 y(\(refreshing)12 b(the)g(curren)o(t)g(line)h(as)f(opp)q(osed)g(to)f(refreshing)i(the)f (screen,)g(for)g(example\).)19 b(Some)12 b(c)o(ho)q(ose)f(to)h(ignore)0 1228 y(it.)24 b(In)17 b(general,)g(if)g(a)g(function)g(uses)g(the)g(n)o (umeric)g(argumen)o(t)f(as)g(a)g(rep)q(eat)h(coun)o(t,)f(it)h(should)h(b)q(e) f(able)g(to)f(do)0 1290 y(something)f(useful)g(with)g(b)q(oth)f(negativ)o(e)h (and)f(p)q(ositiv)o(e)i(argumen)o(ts.)i(A)o(t)c(the)h(v)o(ery)f(least,)g(it)h (should)g(b)q(e)g(a)o(w)o(are)0 1353 y(that)f(it)i(can)f(b)q(e)h(passed)g(a)e (negativ)o(e)i(argumen)o(t.)0 1619 y Fm(2.3)33 b(Readline)16 b(V)-6 b(ariables)62 1761 y Fo(These)16 b(v)m(ariables)g(are)f(a)o(v)m (ailable)i(to)e(function)h(writers.)1736 1937 y(V)l(ariable)-1899 b Fh(char)20 b(*)f Fg(rl)p 211 1937 18 3 v 21 w(line)p 320 1937 V 23 w(bu\013er)120 1999 y Fo(This)f(is)g(the)f(line)i(gathered)e(so)g (far.)25 b(Y)l(ou)18 b(are)f(w)o(elcome)g(to)g(mo)q(dify)h(the)f(con)o(ten)o (ts)g(of)f(the)i(line,)120 2062 y(but)d(see)h(Section)g(2.4.5)d([Allo)o(wing) k(Undoing],)e(page)g(23.)1736 2238 y(V)l(ariable)-1899 b Fh(int)20 b Fg(rl)p 140 2238 V 21 w(p)r(oin)n(t)120 2300 y Fo(The)15 b(o\013set)g(of)f(the)i(curren)o(t)f(cursor)g(p)q(osition)h(in)g Fn(rl_line_buffer)d Fo(\(the)i Fj(p)q(oin)o(t)q Fo(\).)1736 2476 y(V)l(ariable)-1899 b Fh(int)20 b Fg(rl)p 140 2476 V 21 w(end)120 2538 y Fo(The)d(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)f(of)g(c)o(haracters)g(presen)o(t)g (in)h Fn(rl_line_buffer)p Fo(.)k(When)c Fn(rl_point)e Fo(is)i(at)f(the)g(end) 120 2601 y(of)f(the)g(line,)i Fn(rl_point)d Fo(and)h Fn(rl_end)f Fo(are)h(equal.)p eop %%Page: 19 21 20 bop 0 -83 a Fo(Chapter)15 b(2:)k(Programming)c(with)g(GNU)g(Readline)994 b(19)1736 158 y(V)l(ariable)-1899 b Fh(int)20 b Fg(rl)p 140 158 18 3 v 21 w(mark)120 221 y Fo(The)h(mark)e(\(sa)o(v)o(ed)h(p)q(osition\)) h(in)g(the)f(curren)o(t)h(line.)37 b(If)20 b(set,)h(the)g(mark)e(and)i(p)q (oin)o(t)g(de\014ne)g(a)120 283 y Fj(region)p Fo(.)1736 441 y(V)l(ariable)-1899 b Fh(int)20 b Fg(rl)p 140 441 V 21 w(done)120 503 y Fo(Setting)13 b(this)h(to)f(a)f(non-zero)i(v)m(alue)g(causes)f (Readline)j(to)c(return)h(the)h(curren)o(t)f(line)h(immediately)l(.)1736 661 y(V)l(ariable)-1899 b Fh(int)20 b Fg(rl)p 140 661 V 21 w(p)r(ending)p 361 661 V 20 w(input)120 723 y Fo(Setting)15 b(this)f(to)g(a)g(v)m(alue)i(mak)o(es)d(it)i(the)f(next)h(k)o(eystrok)o(e)e (read.)19 b(This)c(is)g(a)f(w)o(a)o(y)f(to)h(stu\013)g(a)g(single)120 785 y(c)o(haracter)g(in)o(to)i(the)f(input)h(stream.)1736 943 y(V)l(ariable)-1899 b Fh(char)20 b(*)f Fg(rl)p 211 943 V 21 w(prompt)120 1005 y Fo(The)c(prompt)e(Readline)k(uses.)j(This)15 b(is)f(set)h(from)e(the)h(argumen)o(t)g(to)g Fn(readline)g(\(\))p Fo(,)f(and)i(should)120 1067 y(not)g(b)q(e)h(assigned)f(to)g(directly)l(.) 1736 1225 y(V)l(ariable)-1899 b Fh(char)20 b(*)f Fg(rl)p 211 1225 V 21 w(terminal)p 443 1225 V 21 w(name)120 1287 y Fo(The)c(terminal)h(t) o(yp)q(e,)f(used)h(for)f(initialization.)1736 1445 y(V)l(ariable)-1899 b Fh(char)20 b(*)f Fg(rl)p 211 1445 V 21 w(readline)p 430 1445 V 22 w(name)120 1507 y Fo(This)f(v)m(ariable)h(is)f(set)f(to)g(a)g(unique)i (name)f(b)o(y)f(eac)o(h)h(application)h(using)f(Readline.)29 b(The)18 b(v)m(alue)120 1570 y(allo)o(ws)f(conditional)h(parsing)f(of)f(the)g (inputrc)i(\014le)f(\(see)g(Section)g(1.3.2)e([Conditional)j(Init)f(Con-)120 1632 y(structs],)d(page)h(7\).)1736 1790 y(V)l(ariable)-1899 b Fh(FILE)20 b(*)f Fg(rl)p 211 1790 V 21 w(instream)120 1852 y Fo(The)c(stdio)h(stream)e(from)h(whic)o(h)h(Readline)h(reads)e(input.)1736 2010 y(V)l(ariable)-1899 b Fh(FILE)20 b(*)f Fg(rl)p 211 2010 V 21 w(outstream)120 2072 y Fo(The)c(stdio)h(stream)e(to)h(whic)o(h)h (Readline)h(p)q(erforms)e(output.)1736 2229 y(V)l(ariable)-1899 b Fh(Function)20 b(*)g Fg(rl)p 316 2229 V 21 w(startup)p 520 2229 V 20 w(ho)r(ok)120 2292 y Fo(If)13 b(non-zero,)h(this)f(is)h(the)f (address)g(of)g(a)f(function)i(to)f(call)h(just)f(b)q(efore)g Fn(readline)f Fo(prin)o(ts)h(the)g(\014rst)120 2354 y(prompt.)1736 2512 y(V)l(ariable)-1899 b Fh(Function)20 b(*)g Fg(rl)p 316 2512 V 21 w(ev)n(en)n(t)p 469 2512 V 22 w(ho)r(ok)120 2574 y Fo(If)13 b(non-zero,)f(this)h(is)g(the)g(address)f(of)g(a)g(function)h(to)f (call)i(p)q(erio)q(dically)h(when)e(readline)h(is)f(w)o(aiting)120 2636 y(for)i(terminal)h(input.)p eop %%Page: 20 22 21 bop 0 -83 a Fo(20)1449 b(GNU)15 b(Readline)i(Library)0 158 y Fm(2.4)33 b(Readline)16 b(Con)n(v)n(enience)g(F)-6 b(unctions)0 370 y Fi(2.4.1)30 b(Naming)15 b(a)g(F)-5 b(unction)62 508 y Fo(The)19 b(user)f(can)g(dynamically)i(c)o(hange)e(the)g(bindings)i(of)e(k)o (eys)f(while)j(using)f(Readline.)30 b(This)19 b(is)g(done)f(b)o(y)0 570 y(represen)o(ting)f(the)g(function)h(with)f(a)g(descriptiv)o(e)h(name.)25 b(The)17 b(user)g(is)g(able)h(to)e(t)o(yp)q(e)h(the)g(descriptiv)o(e)h(name)0 632 y(when)e(referring)f(to)g(the)g(function.)21 b(Th)o(us,)14 b(in)j(an)e(init)h(\014le,)g(one)f(migh)o(t)g(\014nd)120 757 y Fn(Meta-Rubout:)46 b(backward-kill-word)62 895 y Fo(This)21 b(binds)f(the)g(k)o(eystrok)o(e)f Fn(META-RUBOUT)f Fo(to)h(the)h(function)g Fj(descriptiv)o(ely)26 b Fo(named)20 b Fn(backward-kill-)0 957 y(word)p Fo(.)j(Y)l(ou,)16 b(as)g(the)g(programmer,)f(should)i(bind)h (the)e(functions)i(y)o(ou)d(write)i(to)e(descriptiv)o(e)j(names)e(as)g(w)o (ell.)0 1019 y(Readline)i(pro)o(vides)d(a)g(function)h(for)f(doing)g(that:) 1725 1183 y(F)l(unction)-1899 b Fh(int)20 b Fg(rl)p 140 1183 18 3 v 21 w(add)p 253 1183 V 20 w(defun)i Ff(\()p Fn(char)14 b(*name,)g(Function)g(*function,)g(int)h(key)p Ff(\))120 1245 y Fo(Add)20 b Fj(name)i Fo(to)d(the)h(list)g(of)f(named)h(functions.)33 b(Mak)o(e)19 b Fj(function)i Fo(b)q(e)f(the)f(function)i(that)d(gets)120 1307 y(called.)j(If)16 b Fj(k)o(ey)j Fo(is)d(not)e(-1,)h(then)h(bind)g(it)g (to)e Fj(function)i Fo(using)g Fn(rl_bind_key)e(\(\))p Fo(.)62 1471 y(Using)i(this)g(function)g(alone)g(is)g(su\016cien)o(t)h(for)d(most)h (applications.)22 b(It)16 b(is)g(the)f(recommended)i(w)o(a)o(y)d(to)h(add)0 1533 y(a)i(few)h(functions)g(to)f(the)h(default)g(functions)h(that)e (Readline)j(has)d(built)i(in.)28 b(If)18 b(y)o(ou)g(need)g(to)f(do)h (something)0 1595 y(other)c(than)h(adding)h(a)e(function)i(to)e(Readline,)j (y)o(ou)d(ma)o(y)g(need)i(to)e(use)h(the)g(underlying)h(functions)g(describ)q (ed)0 1658 y(b)q(elo)o(w.)0 1870 y Fi(2.4.2)30 b(Selecting)15 b(a)g(Keymap)62 2007 y Fo(Key)k(bindings)i(tak)o(e)c(place)j(on)e(a)g Fj(k)o(eymap)p Fo(.)30 b(The)18 b(k)o(eymap)h(is)g(the)f(asso)q(ciation)h(b)q (et)o(w)o(een)g(the)f(k)o(eys)h(that)0 2069 y(the)g(user)g(t)o(yp)q(es)g(and) g(the)g(functions)g(that)f(get)h(run.)30 b(Y)l(ou)20 b(can)e(mak)o(e)h(y)o (our)f(o)o(wn)g(k)o(eymaps,)h(cop)o(y)g(existing)0 2132 y(k)o(eymaps,)14 b(and)i(tell)g(Readline)i(whic)o(h)e(k)o(eymap)f(to)f(use.)1725 2295 y(F)l(unction)-1899 b Fh(Keymap)20 b Fg(rl)p 218 2295 V 21 w(mak)n(e)p 370 2295 V 20 w(bare)p 500 2295 V 20 w(k)n(eymap)j Ff(\(\))120 2357 y Fo(Returns)14 b(a)f(new,)g(empt)o(y)g(k)o(eymap.)19 b(The)14 b(space)f(for)g(the)h(k)o(eymap)f(is)g(allo)q(cated)i(with)e Fn(malloc)i(\(\))p Fo(;)120 2419 y(y)o(ou)g(should)h Fn(free)f(\(\))g Fo(it)g(when)h(y)o(ou)f(are)f(done.)1725 2583 y(F)l(unction)-1899 b Fh(Keymap)20 b Fg(rl)p 218 2583 V 21 w(cop)n(y)p 353 2583 V 21 w(k)n(eymap)j Ff(\()p Fn(Keymap)14 b(map)p Ff(\))120 2645 y Fo(Return)i(a)f(new)g(k)o(eymap)g(whic)o(h)h(is)g(a)f(cop)o(y)g(of)g Fj(map)p Fo(.)p eop %%Page: 21 23 22 bop 0 -83 a Fo(Chapter)15 b(2:)k(Programming)c(with)g(GNU)g(Readline)994 b(21)1725 158 y(F)l(unction)-1899 b Fh(Keymap)20 b Fg(rl)p 218 158 18 3 v 21 w(mak)n(e)p 370 158 V 20 w(k)n(eymap)j Ff(\(\))120 221 y Fo(Return)c(a)f(new)h(k)o(eymap)f(with)h(the)f(prin)o(ting)i(c)o (haracters)d(b)q(ound)j(to)e(rl)p 1407 221 14 2 v 16 w(insert,)i(the)e(lo)o (w)o(ercase)120 283 y(Meta)13 b(c)o(haracters)g(b)q(ound)h(to)f(run)h(their)g (equiv)m(alen)o(ts,)i(and)d(the)h(Meta)f(digits)h(b)q(ound)h(to)e(pro)q(duce) 120 345 y(n)o(umeric)j(argumen)o(ts.)1725 500 y(F)l(unction)-1899 b Fh(void)20 b Fg(rl)p 166 500 18 3 v 21 w(discard)p 366 500 V 21 w(k)n(eymap)i Ff(\()p Fn(Keymap)14 b(keymap)p Ff(\))120 562 y Fo(F)l(ree)h(the)h(storage)d(asso)q(ciated)j(with)f Fj(k)o(eymap)p Fo(.)62 717 y(Readline)20 b(has)d(sev)o(eral)h(in)o(ternal)g(k)o(eymaps.)26 b(These)18 b(functions)g(allo)o(w)g(y)o(ou)f(to)g(c)o(hange)g(whic)o(h)h(k)o (eymap)f(is)0 780 y(activ)o(e.)1725 935 y(F)l(unction)-1899 b Fh(Keymap)20 b Fg(rl)p 218 935 V 21 w(get)p 316 935 V 21 w(k)n(eymap)i Ff(\(\))120 997 y Fo(Returns)16 b(the)f(curren)o(tly)h(activ)o (e)f(k)o(eymap.)1725 1152 y(F)l(unction)-1899 b Fh(void)20 b Fg(rl)p 166 1152 V 21 w(set)p 258 1152 V 21 w(k)n(eymap)i Ff(\()p Fn(Keymap)14 b(keymap)p Ff(\))120 1214 y Fo(Mak)o(es)g Fj(k)o(eymap)j Fo(the)e(curren)o(tly)h(activ)o(e)f(k)o(eymap.)1725 1369 y(F)l(unction)-1899 b Fh(Keymap)20 b Fg(rl)p 218 1369 V 21 w(get)p 316 1369 V 21 w(k)n(eymap)p 530 1369 V 20 w(b)n(y)p 610 1369 V 21 w(name)i Ff(\()p Fn(char)14 b(*name)p Ff(\))120 1431 y Fo(Return)19 b(the)g(k)o(eymap)f(matc)o(hing)g Fj(name)p Fo(.)30 b Fj(name)21 b Fo(is)e(one)g(whic)o(h)g(w)o(ould)g(b)q(e)g(supplied)i (in)e(a)f Fn(set)120 1494 y(keymap)c Fo(inputrc)j(line)f(\(see)g(Section)g (1.3)e([Readline)j(Init)f(File],)g(page)f(4\).)0 1688 y Fi(2.4.3)30 b(Binding)15 b(Keys)62 1825 y Fo(Y)l(ou)h(asso)q(ciate)f(k)o(eys)f(with)i (functions)g(through)e(the)i(k)o(eymap.)j(Readline)f(has)c(sev)o(eral)i(in)o (ternal)g(k)o(eymaps:)0 1887 y Fn(emacs_standard_keymap)p Fo(,)i Fn(emacs_meta_keymap)p Fo(,)g Fn(emacs_ctlx_keymap)p Fo(,)h Fn(vi_movement_keymap)p Fo(,)f(and)0 1949 y Fn(vi_insertion_keymap)p Fo(.)h Fn(emacs_standard_keymap)13 b Fo(is)k(the)f(default,)g(and)g(the)g (examples)h(in)f(this)h(man)o(ual)0 2011 y(assume)e(that.)62 2148 y(These)h(functions)g(manage)e(k)o(ey)i(bindings.)1725 2303 y(F)l(unction)-1899 b Fh(int)20 b Fg(rl)p 140 2303 V 21 w(bind)p 272 2303 V 21 w(k)n(ey)k Ff(\()p Fn(int)14 b(key,)h(Function)f (*function)p Ff(\))120 2366 y Fo(Binds)i Fj(k)o(ey)j Fo(to)14 b Fj(function)i Fo(in)g(the)f(curren)o(tly)h(activ)o(e)f(k)o(eymap.)k (Returns)d(non-zero)f(in)h(the)f(case)g(of)120 2428 y(an)g(in)o(v)m(alid)j Fj(k)o(ey)p Fo(.)1725 2583 y(F)l(unction)-1899 b Fh(int)19 b Fg(rl)p 139 2583 V 21 w(bind)p 271 2583 V 21 w(k)n(ey)p 376 2583 V 21 w(in)p 444 2583 V 22 w(map)i Ff(\()p Fn(int)14 b(key,)h(Function)f (*function,)g(Keymap)g(map)p Ff(\))120 2645 y Fo(Bind)i Fj(k)o(ey)j Fo(to)c Fj(function)h Fo(in)g Fj(map)p Fo(.)k(Returns)15 b(non-zero)h(in)g (the)f(case)g(of)g(an)g(in)o(v)m(alid)j Fj(k)o(ey)p Fo(.)p eop %%Page: 22 24 23 bop 0 -83 a Fo(22)1449 b(GNU)15 b(Readline)i(Library)1725 158 y(F)l(unction)-1899 b Fh(int)20 b Fg(rl)p 140 158 18 3 v 21 w(un)n(bind)p 334 158 V 21 w(k)n(ey)k Ff(\()p Fn(int)14 b(key)p Ff(\))120 221 y Fo(Bind)h Fj(k)o(ey)i Fo(to)c(the)h(n)o(ull)h (function)f(in)g(the)g(curren)o(tly)g(activ)o(e)g(k)o(eymap.)19 b(Returns)14 b(non-zero)g(in)g(case)120 283 y(of)h(error.)1725 450 y(F)l(unction)-1899 b Fh(int)20 b Fg(rl)p 140 450 V 21 w(un)n(bind)p 334 450 V 21 w(k)n(ey)p 439 450 V 21 w(in)p 507 450 V 22 w(map)h Ff(\()p Fn(int)14 b(key,)h(Keymap)f(map)p Ff(\))120 512 y Fo(Bind)i Fj(k)o(ey)j Fo(to)c(the)g(n)o(ull)i(function)f(in)g Fj(map)p Fo(.)k(Returns)15 b(non-zero)h(in)g(case)f(of)g(error.)1725 680 y(F)l(unction)-1899 b Fh(int)20 b Fg(rl)p 140 680 V 21 w(generic)p 338 680 V 21 w(bind)j Ff(\()p Fn(int)15 b(type,)f(char)h (*keyseq,)f(char)h(*data,)f(Keymap)208 742 y(map)p Ff(\))120 804 y Fo(Bind)j(the)f(k)o(ey)g(sequence)h(represen)o(ted)f(b)o(y)g(the)g (string)g Fj(k)o(eyseq)g Fo(to)g(the)f(arbitrary)h(p)q(oin)o(ter)g Fj(data)p Fo(.)120 866 y Fj(t)o(yp)q(e)j Fo(sa)o(ys)c(what)g(kind)i(of)f (data)f(is)i(p)q(oin)o(ted)g(to)e(b)o(y)h Fj(data)p Fo(;)f(this)i(can)f(b)q (e)g(a)g(function)h(\()p Fn(ISFUNC)p Fo(\),)d(a)120 929 y(macro)i(\()p Fn(ISMACR)p Fo(\),)f(or)i(a)f(k)o(eymap)g(\()p Fn(ISKMAP)p Fo(\).)23 b(This)18 b(mak)o(es)e(new)h(k)o(eymaps)f(as)h(necessary)l(.)25 b(The)120 991 y(initial)17 b(k)o(eymap)e(in)h(whic)o(h)g(to)f(do)g(bindings)i (is)f Fj(map)p Fo(.)1725 1158 y(F)l(unction)-1899 b Fh(int)20 b Fg(rl)p 140 1158 V 21 w(parse)p 294 1158 V 19 w(and)p 405 1158 V 21 w(bind)j Ff(\()p Fn(char)14 b(*line)p Ff(\))120 1221 y Fo(P)o(arse)i Fj(line)21 b Fo(as)16 b(if)h(it)g(had)f(b)q(een)i(read)f (from)e(the)i Fn(inputrc)f Fo(\014le)h(and)g(p)q(erform)f(an)o(y)h(k)o(ey)f (bindings)120 1283 y(and)f(v)m(ariable)i(assignmen)o(ts)e(found)h(\(see)f (Section)h(1.3)e([Readline)j(Init)f(File],)g(page)f(4\).)1725 1450 y(F)l(unction)-1899 b Fh(int)20 b Fg(rl)p 140 1450 V 21 w(read)p 271 1450 V 20 w(init)p 375 1450 V 22 w(\014le)k Ff(\()p Fn(char)14 b(*filename)p Ff(\))120 1512 y Fo(Read)19 b(k)o(eybindings)i(and)e (v)m(ariable)h(assignmen)o(ts)f(from)f Fj(\014lename)k Fo(\(see)d(Section)g (1.3)f([Readline)120 1575 y(Init)e(File],)g(page)f(4\).)0 1798 y Fi(2.4.4)30 b(Asso)r(ciating)15 b(F)-5 b(unction)15 b(Names)g(and)g (Bindings)62 1937 y Fo(These)22 b(functions)g(allo)o(w)g(y)o(ou)f(to)f (\014nd)i(out)f(what)g(k)o(eys)g(in)o(v)o(ok)o(e)h(named)f(functions)h(and)g (the)f(functions)0 1999 y(in)o(v)o(ok)o(ed)15 b(b)o(y)h(a)e(particular)i(k)o (ey)f(sequence.)1725 2167 y(F)l(unction)-1899 b Fh(Function)20 b(*)g Fg(rl)p 316 2167 V 21 w(named)p 504 2167 V 19 w(function)j Ff(\()p Fn(char)14 b(*name)p Ff(\))120 2229 y Fo(Return)i(the)f(function)h (with)g(name)f Fj(name)p Fo(.)1725 2396 y(F)l(unction)-1899 b Fh(Function)20 b(*)g Fg(rl)p 316 2396 V 21 w(function)p 542 2396 V 21 w(of)p 610 2396 V 19 w(k)n(eyseq)k Ff(\()p Fn(char)15 b(*keyseq,)f(Keymap)g(map,)h(int)208 2458 y(*type)p Ff(\))120 2521 y Fo(Return)i(the)f(function)h(in)o(v)o(ok)o(ed)g(b)o(y)f Fj(k)o(eyseq)i Fo(in)f(k)o(eymap)f Fj(map)p Fo(.)23 b(If)16 b Fj(map)i Fo(is)f(NULL,)g(the)f(curren)o(t)120 2583 y(k)o(eymap)g(is)i (used.)25 b(If)17 b Fj(t)o(yp)q(e)i Fo(is)e(not)g(NULL,)g(the)g(t)o(yp)q(e)g (of)f(the)h(ob)s(ject)f(is)h(returned)g(in)h(it)f(\(one)f(of)120 2645 y Fn(ISFUNC)p Fo(,)e Fn(ISKMAP)p Fo(,)g(or)h Fn(ISMACR)p Fo(\).)p eop %%Page: 23 25 24 bop 0 -83 a Fo(Chapter)15 b(2:)k(Programming)c(with)g(GNU)g(Readline)994 b(23)1725 158 y(F)l(unction)-1899 b Fh(char)20 b(**)f Fg(rl)p 237 158 18 3 v 21 w(in)n(v)n(oking)p 466 158 V 23 w(k)n(eyseqs)k Ff(\()p Fn(Function)14 b(*function)p Ff(\))120 221 y Fo(Return)19 b(an)e(arra)o(y)g(of)h(strings)f(represen)o(ting)i(the)f(k)o(ey)g(sequences)h (used)f(to)f(in)o(v)o(ok)o(e)h Fj(function)h Fo(in)120 283 y(the)c(curren)o(t)g(k)o(eymap.)1725 442 y(F)l(unction)-1899 b Fh(char)20 b(**)f Fg(rl)p 237 442 V 21 w(in)n(v)n(oking)p 466 442 V 23 w(k)n(eyseqs)p 675 442 V 21 w(in)p 743 442 V 22 w(map)i Ff(\()p Fn(Function)14 b(*function,)f(Keymap)208 505 y(map)p Ff(\))120 567 y Fo(Return)19 b(an)e(arra)o(y)g(of)h(strings)f (represen)o(ting)i(the)f(k)o(ey)g(sequences)h(used)f(to)f(in)o(v)o(ok)o(e)h Fj(function)h Fo(in)120 629 y(the)c(k)o(eymap)g Fj(map)p Fo(.)1725 789 y(F)l(unction)-1899 b Fh(void)20 b Fg(rl)p 166 789 V 21 w(function)p 392 789 V 21 w(dump)r(er)g Ff(\()p Fn(int)15 b(readable)p Ff(\))120 851 y Fo(Prin)o(t)i(the)g(readline)h(function)g(names)f(and)g(the)g (k)o(ey)g(sequences)h(curren)o(tly)g(b)q(ound)f(to)g(them)g(to)120 913 y Fn(rl_outstream)p Fo(.)j(If)c Fj(readable)j Fo(is)d(non-zero,)g(the)g (list)g(is)g(formatted)f(in)i(suc)o(h)f(a)f(w)o(a)o(y)g(that)g(it)h(can)120 975 y(b)q(e)g(made)f(part)g(of)f(an)i Fn(inputrc)e Fo(\014le)i(and)f (re-read.)1725 1135 y(F)l(unction)-1899 b Fh(void)20 b Fg(rl)p 166 1135 V 21 w(list)p 262 1135 V 22 w(funmap)p 475 1135 V 18 w(names)h Ff(\(\))120 1197 y Fo(Prin)o(t)15 b(the)g(names)h(of)e(all)j (bindable)g(Readline)g(functions)f(to)f Fn(rl_outstream)p Fo(.)0 1400 y Fi(2.4.5)30 b(Allo)n(wing)16 b(Undoing)62 1537 y Fo(Supp)q(orting)f (the)f(undo)g(command)g(is)g(a)g(painless)h(thing,)f(and)g(mak)o(es)f(y)o (our)h(functions)g(m)o(uc)o(h)g(more)f(useful.)0 1599 y(It)i(is)g(certainly)g (easy)f(to)g(try)g(something)h(if)g(y)o(ou)f(kno)o(w)g(y)o(ou)g(can)h(undo)g (it.)20 b(I)15 b(could)g(use)g(an)f(undo)h(function)h(for)0 1661 y(the)f(sto)q(c)o(k)g(mark)o(et.)62 1798 y(If)h(y)o(our)f(function)i (simply)g(inserts)f(text)f(once,)h(or)f(deletes)h(text)f(once,)h(and)g(uses)g Fn(rl_insert_text)d(\(\))i Fo(or)0 1861 y Fn(rl_delete_text)e(\(\))i Fo(to)g(do)g(it,)g(then)g(undoing)i(is)e(already)h(done)f(for)g(y)o(ou)g (automatically)l(.)62 1998 y(If)h(y)o(ou)f(do)g(m)o(ultiple)i(insertions)f (or)f(m)o(ultiple)i(deletions,)f(or)f(an)o(y)g(com)o(bination)h(of)f(these)g (op)q(erations,)g(y)o(ou)0 2060 y(should)j(group)e(them)g(together)g(in)o(to) g(one)h(op)q(eration.)24 b(This)17 b(is)g(done)g(with)g Fn (rl_begin_undo_group)c(\(\))j Fo(and)0 2122 y Fn(rl_end_undo_group)d(\(\))p Fo(.)62 2259 y(The)j(t)o(yp)q(es)f(of)g(ev)o(en)o(ts)g(that)f(can)h(b)q(e)h (undone)g(are:)120 2384 y Fn(enum)23 b(undo_code)g({)h(UNDO_DELETE,)e (UNDO_INSERT,)g(UNDO_BEGIN,)g(UNDO_END)h(};)62 2521 y Fo(Notice)c(that)e Fn(UNDO_DELETE)f Fo(means)i(to)f(insert)i(some)e(text,)h(and)g Fn(UNDO_INSERT)e Fo(means)i(to)f(delete)i(some)0 2583 y(text.)37 b(That)21 b(is,)i(the)e(undo)h(co)q(de)f(tells)i(undo)e(what)g(to)f(undo,)j (not)e(ho)o(w)g(to)f(undo)i(it.)38 b Fn(UNDO_BEGIN)20 b Fo(and)0 2645 y Fn(UNDO_END)14 b Fo(are)h(tags)f(added)i(b)o(y)f Fn (rl_begin_undo_group)e(\(\))i Fo(and)g Fn(rl_end_undo_group)e(\(\))p Fo(.)p eop %%Page: 24 26 25 bop 0 -83 a Fo(24)1449 b(GNU)15 b(Readline)i(Library)1725 158 y(F)l(unction)-1899 b Fh(int)20 b Fg(rl)p 140 158 18 3 v 21 w(b)r(egin)p 297 158 V 20 w(undo)p 442 158 V 20 w(group)h Ff(\(\))120 221 y Fo(Begins)e(sa)o(ving)e(undo)i(information)f(in)g(a)g (group)f(construct.)27 b(The)18 b(undo)h(information)f(usually)120 283 y(comes)j(from)f(calls)h(to)g Fn(rl_insert_text)13 b(\(\))20 b Fo(and)h Fn(rl_delete_text)13 b(\(\))p Fo(,)22 b(but)f(could)g(b)q(e)h(the) 120 345 y(result)16 b(of)e(calls)j(to)d Fn(rl_add_undo)g(\(\))p Fo(.)1725 516 y(F)l(unction)-1899 b Fh(int)20 b Fg(rl)p 140 516 V 21 w(end)p 251 516 V 20 w(undo)p 396 516 V 20 w(group)h Ff(\(\))120 578 y Fo(Closes)d(the)f(curren)o(t)g(undo)h(group)f(started)g (with)h Fn(rl_begin_undo_group)12 b(\(\))p Fo(.)26 b(There)18 b(should)120 640 y(b)q(e)e(one)f(call)i(to)d Fn(rl_end_undo_group)f(\(\))i Fo(for)f(eac)o(h)i(call)g(to)f Fn(rl_begin_undo_group)d(\(\))p Fo(.)1725 811 y(F)l(unction)-1899 b Fh(void)20 b Fg(rl)p 166 811 V 21 w(add)p 279 811 V 20 w(undo)i Ff(\()p Fn(enum)14 b(undo_code)g (what,)g(int)h(start,)g(int)f(end,)h(char)208 873 y(*text)p Ff(\))120 935 y Fo(Remem)o(b)q(er)20 b(ho)o(w)e(to)h(undo)g(an)g(ev)o(en)o(t) g(\(according)g(to)g Fj(what)q Fo(\).)30 b(The)19 b(a\013ected)g(text)f(runs) i(from)120 998 y Fj(start)15 b Fo(to)g Fj(end)p Fo(,)g(and)g(encompasses)h Fj(text)p Fo(.)1725 1168 y(F)l(unction)-1899 b Fh(void)20 b Fg(free)p 221 1168 V 20 w(undo)p 366 1168 V 20 w(list)k Ff(\(\))120 1231 y Fo(F)l(ree)15 b(the)h(existing)g(undo)f(list.)1725 1401 y(F)l(unction)-1899 b Fh(int)20 b Fg(rl)p 140 1401 V 21 w(do)p 222 1401 V 20 w(undo)i Ff(\(\))120 1464 y Fo(Undo)14 b(the)f(\014rst)g(thing) h(on)g(the)f(undo)h(list.)20 b(Returns)14 b Fn(0)f Fo(if)h(there)g(w)o(as)e (nothing)i(to)f(undo,)h(non-zero)120 1526 y(if)i(something)f(w)o(as)f (undone.)62 1696 y(Finally)l(,)j(if)f(y)o(ou)f(neither)i(insert)f(nor)f (delete)i(text,)d(but)i(directly)h(mo)q(dify)f(the)f(existing)i(text)e (\(e.g.,)f(c)o(hange)0 1759 y(its)g(case\),)f(call)i Fn(rl_modifying)e(\(\))g Fo(once,)h(just)f(b)q(efore)h(y)o(ou)f(mo)q(dify)h(the)g(text.)19 b(Y)l(ou)14 b(m)o(ust)f(supply)h(the)g(indices)0 1821 y(of)h(the)g(text)g (range)g(that)f(y)o(ou)h(are)g(going)g(to)g(mo)q(dify)l(.)1725 1992 y(F)l(unction)-1899 b Fh(int)20 b Fg(rl)p 140 1992 V 21 w(mo)r(difying)h Ff(\()p Fn(int)15 b(start,)f(int)h(end)p Ff(\))120 2054 y Fo(T)l(ell)e(Readline)g(to)e(sa)o(v)o(e)f(the)i(text)f(b)q(et)o(w)o (een)g Fj(start)g Fo(and)h Fj(end)h Fo(as)e(a)g(single)i(undo)e(unit.)20 b(It)11 b(is)h(assumed)120 2116 y(that)i(y)o(ou)h(will)i(subsequen)o(tly)g (mo)q(dify)e(that)g(text.)0 2350 y Fi(2.4.6)30 b(Redispla)n(y)1725 2521 y Fo(F)l(unction)-1899 b Fh(int)20 b Fg(rl)p 140 2521 V 21 w(redispla)n(y)k Ff(\(\))120 2583 y Fo(Change)d(what's)g(displa)o(y)o (ed)h(on)g(the)f(screen)h(to)f(re\015ect)h(the)f(curren)o(t)g(con)o(ten)o(ts) g(of)g Fn(rl_line_)120 2645 y(buffer)p Fo(.)p eop %%Page: 25 27 26 bop 0 -83 a Fo(Chapter)15 b(2:)k(Programming)c(with)g(GNU)g(Readline)994 b(25)1725 158 y(F)l(unction)-1899 b Fh(int)20 b Fg(rl)p 140 158 18 3 v 21 w(forced)p 315 158 V 20 w(up)r(date)p 509 158 V 20 w(displa)n(y)k Ff(\(\))120 221 y Fo(F)l(orce)12 b(the)g(line)h(to)f(b)q (e)g(up)q(dated)h(and)f(redispla)o(y)o(ed,)i(whether)e(or)f(not)h(Readline)i (thinks)e(the)g(screen)120 283 y(displa)o(y)k(is)g(correct.)1725 437 y(F)l(unction)-1899 b Fh(int)20 b Fg(rl)p 140 437 V 21 w(on)p 222 437 V 20 w(new)p 341 437 V 21 w(line)k Ff(\(\))120 500 y Fo(T)l(ell)c(the)f(up)q(date)g(routines)g(that)f(w)o(e)g(ha)o(v)o(e)g (mo)o(v)o(ed)g(on)o(to)g(a)g(new)h(\(empt)o(y\))e(line,)k(usually)f(after)120 562 y(ouputting)c(a)e(newline.)1725 716 y(F)l(unction)-1899 b Fh(int)20 b Fg(rl)p 140 716 V 21 w(reset)p 282 716 V 20 w(line)p 390 716 V 23 w(state)j Ff(\(\))120 779 y Fo(Reset)14 b(the)f(displa)o(y)h (state)f(to)f(a)h(clean)h(state)f(and)g(redispla)o(y)i(the)e(curren)o(t)g (line)i(starting)e(on)g(a)g(new)120 841 y(line.)1725 995 y(F)l(unction)-1899 b Fh(int)20 b Fg(rl)p 140 995 V 21 w(message)g Ff(\()p Fn(va_alist)p Ff(\))120 1058 y Fo(The)f(argumen)o(ts)e(are)h(a)g(string)g(as)g(w)o(ould)h (b)q(e)g(supplied)i(to)d Fn(printf)p Fo(.)28 b(The)19 b(resulting)g(string)f (is)120 1120 y(displa)o(y)o(ed)h(in)f(the)g Fj(ec)o(ho)f(area)p Fo(.)27 b(The)18 b(ec)o(ho)f(area)g(is)h(also)g(used)g(to)f(displa)o(y)h(n)o (umeric)h(argumen)o(ts)120 1182 y(and)c(searc)o(h)g(strings.)1725 1337 y(F)l(unction)-1899 b Fh(int)20 b Fg(rl)p 140 1337 V 21 w(clear)p 279 1337 V 21 w(message)h Ff(\(\))120 1399 y Fo(Clear)15 b(the)h(message)e(in)i(the)g(ec)o(ho)f(area.)0 1591 y Fi(2.4.7)30 b(Mo)r(difying)15 b(T)-5 b(ext)1725 1746 y Fo(F)l(unction)-1899 b Fh(int)20 b Fg(rl)p 140 1746 V 21 w(insert)p 303 1746 V 21 w(text)k Ff(\()p Fn(char)14 b(*text)p Ff(\))120 1808 y Fo(Insert)h Fj(text)h Fo(in)o(to)f(the)h(line)g(at)f(the)g(curren)o(t)g(cursor)g(p)q (osition.)1725 1963 y(F)l(unction)-1899 b Fh(int)20 b Fg(rl)p 140 1963 V 21 w(delete)p 308 1963 V 22 w(text)k Ff(\()p Fn(int)14 b(start,)h(int)f(end)p Ff(\))120 2025 y Fo(Delete)i(the)f(text)g(b)q(et)o(w)o (een)g Fj(start)g Fo(and)h Fj(end)h Fo(in)f(the)g(curren)o(t)f(line.)1725 2179 y(F)l(unction)-1899 b Fh(char)20 b(*)f Fg(rl)p 211 2179 V 21 w(cop)n(y)p 346 2179 V 21 w(text)24 b Ff(\()p Fn(int)14 b(start,)h(int)g(end)p Ff(\))120 2242 y Fo(Return)h(a)f(cop)o(y)g(of)g(the)g (text)f(b)q(et)o(w)o(een)i Fj(start)f Fo(and)g Fj(end)j Fo(in)e(the)f(curren) o(t)g(line.)1725 2396 y(F)l(unction)-1899 b Fh(int)20 b Fg(rl)p 140 2396 V 21 w(kill)p 236 2396 V 23 w(text)k Ff(\()p Fn(int)14 b(start,)h(int)g(end)p Ff(\))120 2458 y Fo(Cop)o(y)k(the)g(text)f(b)q(et)o(w) o(een)i Fj(start)e Fo(and)i Fj(end)h Fo(in)f(the)f(curren)o(t)g(line)i(to)d (the)h(kill)i(ring,)f(app)q(ending)120 2521 y(or)e(prep)q(ending)j(to)d(the)h (last)f(kill)j(if)e(the)g(last)f(command)h(w)o(as)e(a)i(kill)h(command.)30 b(The)19 b(text)f(is)120 2583 y(deleted.)j(If)13 b Fj(start)g Fo(is)h(less)f(than)h Fj(end)p Fo(,)f(the)h(text)e(is)i(app)q(ended,)h (otherwise)e(prep)q(ended.)21 b(If)14 b(the)f(last)120 2645 y(command)i(w)o(as)f(not)h(a)g(kill,)i(a)e(new)g(kill)i(ring)f(slot)f(is)g (used.)p eop %%Page: 26 28 27 bop 0 -83 a Fo(26)1449 b(GNU)15 b(Readline)i(Library)0 158 y Fi(2.4.8)30 b(Utilit)n(y)16 b(F)-5 b(unctions)1725 326 y Fo(F)l(unction)-1899 b Fh(int)20 b Fg(rl)p 140 326 18 3 v 21 w(read)p 271 326 V 20 w(k)n(ey)k Ff(\(\))120 388 y Fo(Return)14 b(the)g(next)g(c)o(haracter)f(a)o(v)m(ailable.)21 b(This)15 b(handles)g(input)g(inserted)f(in)o(to)g(the)g(input)h(stream)120 451 y(via)h Fj(p)q(ending)i(input)h Fo(\(see)d(Section)h(2.3)e([Readline)j(V) l(ariables],)f(page)f(18\))f(and)i Fn(rl_stuff_char)120 513 y(\(\))p Fo(,)e(macros,)f(and)h(c)o(haracters)f(read)h(from)g(the)g(k)o(eyb)q (oard.)1725 681 y(F)l(unction)-1899 b Fh(int)20 b Fg(rl)p 140 681 V 21 w(stu\013)p 271 681 V 20 w(c)n(har)j Ff(\()p Fn(int)15 b(c)p Ff(\))120 743 y Fo(Insert)g Fj(c)i Fo(in)o(to)e(the)g(Readline)i(input) e(stream.)k(It)c(will)h(b)q(e)g Fn(")p Fo(read)p Fn(")e Fo(b)q(efore)h (Readline)i(attempts)d(to)120 805 y(read)h(c)o(haracters)g(from)f(the)h (terminal)h(with)g Fn(rl_read_key)d(\(\))p Fo(.)1725 973 y(F)l(unction)-1899 b Fh(int)20 b Fg(rl)p 140 973 V 21 w(initiali)q(z)q(e)26 b Ff(\(\))120 1035 y Fo(Initialize)18 b(or)d(re-initialize)j(Readline's)f(in)o (ternal)f(state.)1725 1203 y(F)l(unction)-1899 b Fh(int)20 b Fg(rl)p 140 1203 V 21 w(reset)p 282 1203 V 20 w(terminal)j Ff(\()p Fn(char)15 b(*terminal_name)p Ff(\))120 1265 y Fo(Reinitializ)q(e)f (Readline's)e(idea)g(of)e(the)h(terminal)h(settings)f(using)g Fj(terminal)p 1404 1265 14 2 v 17 w(name)j Fo(as)c(the)h(terminal)120 1327 y(t)o(yp)q(e)k(\(e.g.,)f Fn(vt100)p Fo(\).)1725 1495 y(F)l(unction)-1899 b Fh(int)20 b Fg(alphab)r(etic)k Ff(\()p Fn(int)14 b(c)p Ff(\))120 1557 y Fo(Return)i(1)f(if)g Fj(c)j Fo(is)e(an)f(alphab)q(etic)i(c)o (haracter.)1725 1725 y(F)l(unction)-1899 b Fh(int)20 b Fg(n)n(umeric)i Ff(\()p Fn(int)15 b(c)p Ff(\))120 1787 y Fo(Return)h(1)f(if)g Fj(c)j Fo(is)e(a)f(n)o(umeric)h(c)o(haracter.)1725 1955 y(F)l(unction)-1899 b Fh(int)20 b Fg(ding)i Ff(\(\))120 2017 y Fo(Ring)16 b(the)f(terminal)h(b)q (ell,)h(ob)q(eying)f(the)g(setting)f(of)g Fn(bell-style)p Fo(.)62 2185 y(The)h(follo)o(wing)g(are)f(implemen)o(ted)h(as)f(macros,)f(de\014ned)j (in)f Fn(chartypes.h)p Fo(.)1725 2353 y(F)l(unction)-1899 b Fh(int)20 b Fg(upp)r(ercase)p 351 2353 18 3 v 19 w(p)j Ff(\()p Fn(int)14 b(c)p Ff(\))120 2415 y Fo(Return)i(1)f(if)g Fj(c)j Fo(is)e(an)f(upp)q(ercase)i(alphab)q(etic)f(c)o(haracter.)1725 2583 y(F)l(unction)-1899 b Fh(int)20 b Fg(lo)n(w)n(ercase)p 334 2583 V 22 w(p)i Ff(\()p Fn(int)15 b(c)p Ff(\))120 2645 y Fo(Return)h(1)f(if)g Fj(c)j Fo(is)e(a)f(lo)o(w)o(ercase)g(alphab)q(etic)i (c)o(haracter.)p eop %%Page: 27 29 28 bop 0 -83 a Fo(Chapter)15 b(2:)k(Programming)c(with)g(GNU)g(Readline)994 b(27)1725 158 y(F)l(unction)-1899 b Fh(int)20 b Fg(digit)p 214 158 18 3 v 22 w(p)i Ff(\()p Fn(int)15 b(c)p Ff(\))120 221 y Fo(Return)h(1)f(if)g Fj(c)j Fo(is)e(a)f(n)o(umeric)h(c)o(haracter.)1725 390 y(F)l(unction)-1899 b Fh(int)20 b Fg(to)p 152 390 V 20 w(upp)r(er)i Ff(\()p Fn(int)14 b(c)p Ff(\))120 452 y Fo(If)h Fj(c)i Fo(is)f(a)e(lo)o(w)o(ercase)g(alphab)q(etic)j(c)o(haracter,)c(return)i (the)g(corresp)q(onding)g(upp)q(ercase)h(c)o(haracter.)1725 622 y(F)l(unction)-1899 b Fh(int)20 b Fg(to)p 152 622 V 20 w(lo)n(w)n(er)k Ff(\()p Fn(int)15 b(c)p Ff(\))120 684 y Fo(If)e Fj(c)i Fo(is)e(an)f(upp)q(ercase)h(alphab)q(etic)h(c)o(haracter,)e(return)g (the)h(corresp)q(onding)g(lo)o(w)o(ercase)f(c)o(haracter.)1725 853 y(F)l(unction)-1899 b Fh(int)20 b Fg(digit)p 214 853 V 22 w(v)m(alue)j Ff(\()p Fn(int)15 b(c)p Ff(\))120 916 y Fo(If)g Fj(c)k Fo(is)c(a)g(n)o(um)o(b)q(er,)g(return)g(the)h(v)m(alue)g(it)g (represen)o(ts.)0 1146 y Fi(2.4.9)30 b(An)15 b(Example)62 1285 y Fo(Here)e(is)g(a)f(function)h(whic)o(h)g(c)o(hanges)g(lo)o(w)o(ercase)f(c)o (haracters)f(to)h(their)h(upp)q(ercase)g(equiv)m(alen)o(ts,)h(and)f(upp)q (er-)0 1347 y(case)j(c)o(haracters)g(to)g(lo)o(w)o(ercase.)23 b(If)16 b(this)h(function)g(w)o(as)f(b)q(ound)h(to)f(`)p Fn(M-c)p Fo(',)f(then)h(t)o(yping)h(`)p Fn(M-c)p Fo(')e(w)o(ould)i(c)o(hange)0 1410 y(the)g(case)f(of)g(the)h(c)o(haracter)f(under)h(p)q(oin)o(t.)25 b(T)o(yping)17 b(`)p Fn(M-1)d(0)h(M-c)p Fo(')h(w)o(ould)h(c)o(hange)f(the)h (case)f(of)h(the)f(follo)o(wing)0 1472 y(10)f(c)o(haracters,)f(lea)o(ving)i (the)f(cursor)g(on)g(the)g(last)g(c)o(haracter)g(c)o(hanged.)120 1599 y Fn(/*)24 b(Invert)f(the)g(case)g(of)h(the)f(COUNT)h(following)e (characters.)h(*/)120 1649 y(int)120 1699 y(invert_case_line)f(\(count,)h (key\))239 1748 y(int)h(count,)f(key;)120 1798 y({)168 1848 y(register)f(int)i(start,)f(end,)g(i;)168 1948 y(start)g(=)h(rl_point;)168 2047 y(if)f(\(rl_point)g(>=)h(rl_end\))215 2097 y(return)f(\(0\);)168 2197 y(if)g(\(count)g(<)h(0\))215 2247 y({)263 2296 y(direction)f(=)h(-1;)263 2346 y(count)f(=)h(-count;)215 2396 y(})168 2446 y(else)215 2496 y(direction)f(=)h(1;)168 2595 y(/*)f(Find)h(the)f(end)h(of)f(the)h (range)f(to)g(modify.)g(*/)168 2645 y(end)g(=)h(start)f(+)h(\(count)f(*)h (direction\);)p eop %%Page: 28 30 29 bop 0 -83 a Fo(28)1449 b(GNU)15 b(Readline)i(Library)168 208 y Fn(/*)23 b(Force)g(it)h(to)g(be)f(within)g(range.)g(*/)168 258 y(if)g(\(end)h(>)f(rl_end\))215 308 y(end)h(=)g(rl_end;)168 358 y(else)f(if)h(\(end)f(<)h(0\))215 407 y(end)g(=)g(0;)168 507 y(if)f(\(start)g(==)h(end\))215 557 y(return)f(\(0\);)168 656 y(if)g(\(start)g(>)h(end\))215 706 y({)263 756 y(int)g(temp)f(=)h(start;) 263 806 y(start)f(=)h(end;)263 856 y(end)g(=)f(temp;)215 906 y(})168 1005 y(/*)g(Tell)h(readline)e(that)i(we)f(are)h(modifying)e(the)i (line,)f(so)h(it)f(will)h(save)239 1055 y(the)g(undo)f(information.)f(*/)168 1105 y(rl_modifying)g(\(start,)h(end\);)168 1204 y(for)g(\(i)h(=)f(start;)h (i)f(!=)h(end;)f(i++\))215 1254 y({)263 1304 y(if)h(\(uppercase_p)e (\(rl_line_buffer[i]\)\))311 1354 y(rl_line_buffer[i])f(=)j(to_lower)f (\(rl_line_buffer[i]\);)263 1404 y(else)g(if)h(\(lowercase_p)e (\(rl_line_buffer[i]\)\))311 1453 y(rl_line_buffer[i])f(=)j(to_upper)f (\(rl_line_buffer[i]\);)215 1503 y(})168 1553 y(/*)g(Move)h(point)f(to)g(on)h (top)f(of)h(the)f(last)h(character)e(changed.)h(*/)168 1603 y(rl_point)f(=)i(\(direction)f(==)g(1\))h(?)g(end)f(-)h(1)g(:)f(start;)168 1653 y(return)g(\(0\);)120 1703 y(})0 1921 y Fm(2.5)33 b(Custom)14 b(Completers)62 2058 y Fo(T)o(ypically)l(,)g(a)c(program)g(that)h(reads)g (commands)g(from)f(the)h(user)h(has)e(a)h(w)o(a)o(y)f(of)h(disam)o(biguating) h(commands)0 2120 y(and)k(data.)k(If)c(y)o(our)f(program)g(is)h(one)g(of)f (these,)h(then)g(it)g(can)g(pro)o(vide)g(completion)g(for)g(commands,)f (data,)f(or)0 2182 y(b)q(oth.)28 b(The)18 b(follo)o(wing)h(sections)f (describ)q(e)h(ho)o(w)f(y)o(our)f(program)g(and)h(Readline)i(co)q(op)q(erate) e(to)f(pro)o(vide)i(this)0 2244 y(service.)0 2446 y Fi(2.5.1)30 b(Ho)n(w)15 b(Completing)g(W)-5 b(orks)62 2583 y Fo(In)16 b(order)f(to)g (complete)h(some)f(text,)f(the)h(full)i(list)f(of)f(p)q(ossible)i (completions)f(m)o(ust)f(b)q(e)h(a)o(v)m(ailable.)21 b(That)15 b(is,)0 2645 y(it)k(is)f(not)g(p)q(ossible)i(to)e(accurately)h(expand)g(a)f (partial)h(w)o(ord)e(without)i(kno)o(wing)f(all)h(of)f(the)h(p)q(ossible)h(w) o(ords)p eop %%Page: 29 31 30 bop 0 -83 a Fo(Chapter)15 b(2:)k(Programming)c(with)g(GNU)g(Readline)994 b(29)0 158 y(whic)o(h)16 b(mak)o(e)f(sense)h(in)g(that)e(con)o(text.)20 b(The)15 b(Readline)j(library)e(pro)o(vides)f(the)h(user)f(in)o(terface)h(to) e(completion,)0 221 y(and)h(t)o(w)o(o)f(of)h(the)h(most)e(common)h (completion)h(functions:)21 b(\014lename)c(and)e(username.)20 b(F)l(or)15 b(completing)h(other)0 283 y(t)o(yp)q(es)h(of)f(text,)g(y)o(ou)h (m)o(ust)f(write)h(y)o(our)f(o)o(wn)g(completion)i(function.)25 b(This)18 b(section)f(describ)q(es)h(exactly)g(what)0 345 y(suc)o(h)e (functions)f(m)o(ust)g(do,)g(and)g(pro)o(vides)h(an)f(example.)62 482 y(There)h(are)f(three)g(ma)s(jor)f(functions)i(used)f(to)g(p)q(erform)g (completion:)25 619 y(1.)29 b(The)15 b(user-in)o(terface)g(function)g Fn(rl_complete)e(\(\))p Fo(.)20 b(This)15 b(function)g(is)g(called)h(with)e (the)h(same)f(argumen)o(ts)90 681 y(as)j(other)g(Readline)j(functions)f(in)o (tended)g(for)e(in)o(teractiv)o(e)h(use:)25 b Fj(coun)o(t)18 b Fo(and)g Fj(in)o(v)o(oking)p 1633 681 14 2 v 17 w(k)o(ey)p Fo(.)27 b(It)18 b(isolates)90 744 y(the)j(w)o(ord)g(to)f(b)q(e)i(completed)h (and)e(calls)h Fn(completion_matches)13 b(\(\))21 b Fo(to)f(generate)h(a)g (list)h(of)f(p)q(ossible)90 806 y(completions.)h(It)16 b(then)g(either)h (lists)f(the)g(p)q(ossible)h(completions,)g(inserts)f(the)g(p)q(ossible)h (completions,)f(or)90 868 y(actually)g(p)q(erforms)f(the)g(completion,)h(dep) q(ending)i(on)d(whic)o(h)h(b)q(eha)o(vior)f(is)h(desired.)25 939 y(2.)29 b(The)18 b(in)o(ternal)h(function)g Fn(completion_matches)13 b(\(\))18 b Fo(uses)g(y)o(our)f Fj(generator)k Fo(function)e(to)e(generate)h (the)90 1001 y(list)h(of)e(p)q(ossible)j(matc)o(hes,)e(and)g(then)g(returns)g (the)g(arra)o(y)f(of)h(these)g(matc)o(hes.)28 b(Y)l(ou)18 b(should)h(place)g (the)90 1064 y(address)c(of)g(y)o(our)g(generator)f(function)i(in)g Fn(rl_completion_entry_functi)o(on)p Fo(.)25 1135 y(3.)29 b(The)16 b(generator)g(function)h(is)f(called)i(rep)q(eatedly)g(from)d Fn(completion_matches)e(\(\))p Fo(,)i(returning)i(a)f(string)90 1197 y(eac)o(h)j(time.)31 b(The)19 b(argumen)o(ts)f(to)g(the)h(generator)e (function)j(are)e Fj(text)i Fo(and)f Fj(state)p Fo(.)29 b Fj(text)19 b Fo(is)h(the)f(partial)90 1259 y(w)o(ord)13 b(to)g(b)q(e)h(completed.)21 b Fj(state)15 b Fo(is)f(zero)g(the)g(\014rst)f(time)h(the)g(function)g(is)g (called,)i(allo)o(wing)e(the)g(generator)90 1322 y(to)19 b(p)q(erform)f(an)o (y)h(necessary)h(initialization,)i(and)e(a)f(p)q(ositiv)o(e)h(non-zero)f(in)o (teger)h(for)e(eac)o(h)h(subsequen)o(t)90 1384 y(call.)35 b(When)21 b(the)f(generator)f(function)i(returns)f Fn(\(char)14 b(*\)NULL)19 b Fo(this)i(signals)f Fn(completion_matches)90 1446 y(\(\))c Fo(that)g(there)h(are)f(no)h(more)f(p)q(ossibilitie)q(s)j(left.)25 b(Usually)18 b(the)e(generator)g(function)i(computes)e(the)h(list)90 1508 y(of)j(p)q(ossible)i(completions)f(when)g Fj(state)h Fo(is)f(zero,)g (and)f(returns)g(them)h(one)f(at)g(a)g(time)g(on)g(subsequen)o(t)90 1571 y(calls.)g(Eac)o(h)14 b(string)f(the)h(generator)e(function)j(returns)e (as)g(a)g(matc)o(h)g(m)o(ust)g(b)q(e)h(allo)q(cated)h(with)e Fn(malloc\(\))p Fo(;)90 1633 y(Readline)18 b(frees)d(the)g(strings)g(when)h (it)f(has)g(\014nished)i(with)f(them.)1725 1787 y(F)l(unction)-1899 b Fh(int)20 b Fg(rl)p 140 1787 18 3 v 21 w(complete)j Ff(\()p Fn(int)14 b(ignore,)g(int)h(invoking_key)p Ff(\))120 1850 y Fo(Complete)j(the)f(w)o(ord)f(at)h(or)g(b)q(efore)g(p)q(oin)o(t.)27 b(Y)l(ou)17 b(ha)o(v)o(e)g(supplied)i(the)f(function)g(that)e(do)q(es)i(the) 120 1912 y(initial)d(simple)f(matc)o(hing)f(selection)h(algorithm)f(\(see)f Fn(completion_matches)h(\(\))p Fo(\).)18 b(The)13 b(default)120 1974 y(is)j(to)e(do)h(\014lename)i(completion.)1736 2129 y(V)l(ariable)-1899 b Fh(Function)20 b(*)g Fg(rl)p 316 2129 V 21 w(completion)p 611 2129 V 21 w(en)n(try)p 764 2129 V 21 w(function)120 2191 y Fo(This)e(is)g(a)f(p)q(oin)o(ter)h(to)f(the)g(generator)g(function)h(for)f Fn(completion_matches)12 b(\(\))p Fo(.)27 b(If)17 b(the)h(v)m(alue)120 2253 y(of)j Fn(rl_completion_entry_funct)o(ion)d Fo(is)k Fn(\(Function)14 b(*\)NULL)20 b Fo(then)i(the)f(default)h(\014lename)120 2315 y(generator)14 b(function,)i Fn(filename_entry_function)c(\(\))p Fo(,)i(is)i(used.)0 2508 y Fi(2.5.2)30 b(Completion)15 b(F)-5 b(unctions)62 2645 y Fo(Here)16 b(is)f(the)h(complete)g(list)g(of)e(callable) k(completion)e(functions)g(presen)o(t)f(in)h(Readline.)p eop %%Page: 30 32 31 bop 0 -83 a Fo(30)1449 b(GNU)15 b(Readline)i(Library)1725 158 y(F)l(unction)-1899 b Fh(int)20 b Fg(rl)p 140 158 18 3 v 21 w(complete)p 385 158 V 21 w(in)n(ternal)k Ff(\()p Fn(int)15 b(what_to_do)p Ff(\))120 221 y Fo(Complete)d(the)g(w)o(ord)f(at)g(or)g(b)q (efore)h(p)q(oin)o(t.)19 b Fj(what)p 979 221 14 2 v 16 w(to)p 1036 221 V 16 w(do)14 b Fo(sa)o(ys)d(what)g(to)g(do)g(with)h(the)g (completion.)120 283 y(A)g(v)m(alue)h(of)f(`)p Fn(?)p Fo(')f(means)h(list)h (the)f(p)q(ossible)i(completions.)20 b(`)p Fn(TAB)p Fo(')11 b(means)h(do)g(standard)f(completion.)120 345 y(`)p Fn(*)p Fo(')i(means)h(insert)h(all)g(of)f(the)g(p)q(ossible)i(completions.)21 b(`)p Fn(!)p Fo(')13 b(means)h(to)g(displa)o(y)h(all)g(of)f(the)g(p)q (ossible)120 407 y(completions,)i(if)g(there)f(is)h(more)e(than)h(one,)g(as)g (w)o(ell)h(as)f(p)q(erforming)h(partial)f(completion.)1725 578 y(F)l(unction)-1899 b Fh(int)20 b Fg(rl)p 140 578 18 3 v 21 w(complete)j Ff(\()p Fn(int)14 b(ignore,)g(int)h(invoking_key)p Ff(\))120 640 y Fo(Complete)23 b(the)g(w)o(ord)e(at)h(or)g(b)q(efore)h(p)q (oin)o(t.)43 b(Y)l(ou)23 b(ha)o(v)o(e)f(supplied)j(the)d(function)i(that)e (do)q(es)120 702 y(the)16 b(initial)j(simple)f(matc)o(hing)e(selection)i (algorithm)e(\(see)g Fn(completion_matches)d(\(\))j Fo(and)g Fn(rl_)120 765 y(completion_entry_function)p Fo(\))o(.)25 b(The)18 b(default)g(is)g(to)f(do)h(\014lename)h(completion.)29 b(This)18 b(calls)120 827 y Fn(rl_complete_internal)12 b(\(\))j Fo(with)h(an)f(argumen) o(t)f(dep)q(ending)k(on)d Fj(in)o(v)o(oking)p 1496 827 14 2 v 17 w(k)o(ey)p Fo(.)1725 997 y(F)l(unction)-1899 b Fh(int)20 b Fg(rl)p 140 997 18 3 v 21 w(p)r(ossible)p 358 997 V 20 w(completions)j Ff(\()p Fn(int)15 b(count,)f(int)h(invoking_key)p Ff(\)\))120 1060 y Fo(List)23 b(the)f(p)q(ossible)j(completions.)42 b(See)23 b(description)h(of)e Fn(rl_complete)14 b(\(\))p Fo(.)41 b(This)23 b(calls)g Fn(rl_)120 1122 y(complete_internal)13 b(\(\))i Fo(with)g(an)g (argumen)o(t)g(of)g(`)p Fn(?)p Fo('.)1725 1293 y(F)l(unction)-1899 b Fh(int)20 b Fg(rl)p 140 1293 V 21 w(insert)p 303 1293 V 21 w(completions)j Ff(\()p Fn(int)14 b(count,)g(int)h(invoking_key)p Ff(\)\))120 1355 y Fo(Insert)20 b(the)f(list)i(of)e(p)q(ossible)i (completions)f(in)o(to)g(the)f(line,)j(deleting)f(the)f(partially-completed) 120 1417 y(w)o(ord.)h(See)c(description)g(of)e Fn(rl_complete)f(\(\))p Fo(.)21 b(This)c(calls)g Fn(rl_complete_internal)12 b(\(\))k Fo(with)120 1479 y(an)f(argumen)o(t)g(of)f(`)p Fn(*)p Fo('.)1725 1650 y(F)l(unction)-1899 b Fh(char)20 b(**)f Fg(completion)p 472 1650 V 21 w(matc)n(hes)j Ff(\()p Fn(char)15 b(*text,)f(CPFunction)208 1712 y(*entry_func)p Ff(\))120 1774 y Fo(Returns)22 b(an)g(arra)o(y)e(of)h Fn(\(char)15 b(*\))21 b Fo(whic)o(h)i(is)f(a)f(list)i(of)e(completions)i(for) e Fj(text)p Fo(.)39 b(If)22 b(there)f(are)120 1837 y(no)d(completions,)i (returns)e Fn(\(char)c(**\)NULL)p Fo(.)28 b(The)19 b(\014rst)e(en)o(try)h(in) h(the)g(returned)f(arra)o(y)f(is)i(the)120 1899 y(substitution)c(for)e Fj(text)p Fo(.)19 b(The)c(remaining)g(en)o(tries)f(are)g(the)g(p)q(ossible)i (completions.)k(The)15 b(arra)o(y)d(is)120 1961 y(terminated)j(with)h(a)f Fn(NULL)f Fo(p)q(oin)o(ter.)120 2101 y Fj(en)o(try)p 227 2101 14 2 v 16 w(func)h Fo(is)d(a)g(function)h(of)e(t)o(w)o(o)g(args,)g(and)h (returns)g(a)f Fn(\(char)k(*\))p Fo(.)j(The)12 b(\014rst)f(argumen)o(t)g(is)i Fj(text)p Fo(.)120 2163 y(The)i(second)f(is)h(a)f(state)g(argumen)o(t;)f(it)i (is)g(zero)f(on)g(the)h(\014rst)f(call,)h(and)f(non-zero)h(on)f(subsequen)o (t)120 2226 y(calls.)21 b Fj(en)o(try)p 346 2226 V 16 w(func)c Fo(returns)e(a)f Fn(NULL)g Fo(p)q(oin)o(ter)h(to)f(the)g(caller)i(when)f (there)f(are)g(no)h(more)f(matc)o(hes.)1725 2396 y(F)l(unction)-1899 b Fh(char)20 b(*)f Fg(\014lename)p 380 2396 18 3 v 20 w(completion)p 674 2396 V 21 w(function)k Ff(\()p Fn(char)15 b(*text,)f(int)h(state)p Ff(\))120 2458 y Fo(A)e(generator)f(function)h(for)f(\014lename)i(completion) g(in)f(the)g(general)g(case.)19 b(Note)13 b(that)f(completion)120 2521 y(in)18 b(Bash)f(is)h(a)f(little)h(di\013eren)o(t)f(b)q(ecause)h(of)f (all)h(the)f(pathnames)g(that)g(m)o(ust)f(b)q(e)i(follo)o(w)o(ed)f(when)120 2583 y(lo)q(oking)23 b(up)f(completions)h(for)e(a)g(command.)39 b(The)22 b(Bash)g(source)g(is)g(a)f(useful)i(reference)g(for)120 2645 y(writing)16 b(custom)f(completion)h(functions.)p eop %%Page: 31 33 32 bop 0 -83 a Fo(Chapter)15 b(2:)k(Programming)c(with)g(GNU)g(Readline)994 b(31)1725 158 y(F)l(unction)-1899 b Fh(char)20 b(*)f Fg(username)p 412 158 18 3 v 19 w(completion)p 705 158 V 21 w(function)k Ff(\()p Fn(char)14 b(*text,)g(int)h(state)p Ff(\))120 221 y Fo(A)i(completion)h(generator)e(for)g(usernames.)24 b Fj(text)18 b Fo(con)o(tains)e(a)h(partial)g(username)g(preceded)h(b)o(y)120 283 y(a)f(random)g(c)o(haracter)f(\(usually)j(`)p Fn(~)p Fo('\).)24 b(As)18 b(with)f(all)h(completion)h(generators,)d Fj(state)j Fo(is)f(zero)f(on)120 345 y(the)e(\014rst)g(call)h(and)g(non-zero)f(for)g (subsequen)o(t)h(calls.)0 537 y Fi(2.5.3)30 b(Completion)15 b(V)-5 b(ariables)1736 691 y Fo(V)l(ariable)-1899 b Fh(Function)20 b(*)g Fg(rl)p 316 691 V 21 w(completion)p 611 691 V 21 w(en)n(try)p 764 691 V 21 w(function)120 754 y Fo(A)d(p)q(oin)o(ter)h(to)f(the)g (generator)f(function)i(for)f Fn(completion_matches)c(\(\))p Fo(.)25 b Fn(NULL)17 b Fo(means)g(to)g(use)120 816 y Fn (filename_entry_function)12 b(\(\))p Fo(,)j(the)g(default)h(\014lename)g (completer.)1736 970 y(V)l(ariable)-1899 b Fh(CPPFunction)21 b(*)e Fg(rl)p 394 970 V 21 w(attempted)p 674 970 V 20 w(completion)p 968 970 V 21 w(function)120 1032 y Fo(A)g(p)q(oin)o(ter)h(to)f(an)g (alternativ)o(e)h(function)g(to)f(create)g(matc)o(hes.)32 b(The)20 b(function)g(is)g(called)h(with)120 1095 y Fj(text)p Fo(,)e Fj(start)p Fo(,)g(and)g Fj(end)p Fo(.)32 b Fj(start)19 b Fo(and)g Fj(end)j Fo(are)c(indices)j(in)f Fn(rl_line_buffer)d Fo(sa)o(ying)i(what)g (the)120 1157 y(b)q(oundaries)c(of)e Fj(text)h Fo(are.)19 b(If)13 b(this)h(function)g(exists)g(and)g(returns)f Fn(NULL)p Fo(,)g(or)g(if)h(this) f(v)m(ariable)i(is)f(set)120 1219 y(to)h Fn(NULL)p Fo(,)f(then)i Fn(rl_complete)e(\(\))h Fo(will)i(call)g(the)e(v)m(alue)i(of)e Fn(rl_completion_entry_funct)o(ion)120 1281 y Fo(to)g(generate)f(matc)o(hes,) h(otherwise)g(the)h(arra)o(y)e(of)g(strings)h(returned)h(will)h(b)q(e)f (used.)1736 1435 y(V)l(ariable)-1899 b Fh(int)20 b Fg(rl)p 140 1435 V 21 w(completion)p 435 1435 V 21 w(query)p 598 1435 V 21 w(items)120 1498 y Fo(Up)h(to)e(this)i(man)o(y)f(items)h(will)h(b)q(e)f (displa)o(y)o(ed)h(in)f(resp)q(onse)g(to)f(a)g(p)q(ossible-completions)j (call.)120 1560 y(After)16 b(that,)f(w)o(e)g(ask)h(the)g(user)g(if)g(she)g (is)h(sure)f(she)g(w)o(an)o(ts)f(to)g(see)h(them)g(all.)23 b(The)16 b(default)h(v)m(alue)120 1622 y(is)f(100.)1736 1776 y(V)l(ariable)-1899 b Fh(char)20 b(*)f Fg(rl)p 211 1776 V 21 w(basic)p 355 1776 V 21 w(w)n(ord)p 500 1776 V 21 w(break)p 661 1776 V 20 w(c)n(haracters)120 1839 y Fo(The)12 b(basic)g(list)h(of)e(c)o (haracters)g(that)g(signal)h(a)g(break)f(b)q(et)o(w)o(een)h(w)o(ords)f(for)g (the)h(completer)g(routine.)120 1901 y(The)17 b(default)h(v)m(alue)g(of)e (this)i(v)m(ariable)g(is)g(the)f(c)o(haracters)f(whic)o(h)h(break)g(w)o(ords) g(for)f(completion)120 1963 y(in)g(Bash,)f(i.e.,)g Fn(")g (\\t\\n\\"\\\\'`@$><=;|&{\(")p Fo(.)1736 2117 y(V)l(ariable)-1899 b Fh(char)20 b(*)f Fg(rl)p 211 2117 V 21 w(completer)p 480 2117 V 21 w(w)n(ord)p 625 2117 V 20 w(break)p 785 2117 V 20 w(c)n(haracters)120 2180 y Fo(The)f(list)h(of)e(c)o(haracters)g(that)g (signal)i(a)f(break)f(b)q(et)o(w)o(een)h(w)o(ords)g(for)f Fn (rl_complete_internal)120 2242 y(\(\))p Fo(.)j(The)15 b(default)h(list)g(is)f (the)h(v)m(alue)g(of)f Fn(rl_basic_word_break_charac)o(ters)p Fo(.)1736 2396 y(V)l(ariable)-1899 b Fh(char)20 b(*)f Fg(rl)p 211 2396 V 21 w(completer)p 480 2396 V 21 w(quote)p 640 2396 V 21 w(c)n(haracters)120 2458 y Fo(List)j(of)e(c)o(haracters)g(whic)o(h)i (can)f(b)q(e)h(used)f(to)f(quote)h(a)g(substring)g(of)f(the)h(line.)39 b(Completion)120 2521 y(o)q(ccurs)17 b(on)f(the)h(en)o(tire)g(substring,)g (and)f(within)i(the)e(substring)h Fn(rl_completer_word_break_)120 2583 y(characters)i Fo(are)g(treated)h(as)f(an)o(y)h(other)g(c)o(haracter,)g (unless)h(they)f(also)g(app)q(ear)g(within)i(this)120 2645 y(list.)p eop %%Page: 32 34 33 bop 0 -83 a Fo(32)1449 b(GNU)15 b(Readline)i(Library)1736 158 y(V)l(ariable)-1899 b Fh(char)20 b(*)f Fg(rl)p 211 158 18 3 v 21 w(sp)r(ecial)p 398 158 V 22 w(pre\014xes)120 221 y Fo(The)d(list)h(of)e(c)o(haracters)g(that)g(are)h(w)o(ord)f(break)h(c)o (haracters,)f(but)h(should)h(b)q(e)f(left)g(in)h Fj(text)f Fo(when)120 283 y(it)f(is)g(passed)g(to)f(the)g(completion)i(function.)k (Programs)14 b(can)g(use)h(this)g(to)f(help)i(determine)g(what)120 345 y(kind)h(of)f(completing)i(to)e(do.)23 b(F)l(or)16 b(instance,)h(Bash)f (sets)g(this)h(v)m(ariable)h(to)e Fn(")p Fo($)p Fn(@")f Fo(so)h(that)g(it)h (can)120 407 y(complete)f(shell)h(v)m(ariables)f(and)g(hostnames.)1736 629 y(V)l(ariable)-1899 b Fh(int)20 b Fg(rl)p 140 629 V 21 w(ignore)p 316 629 V 20 w(completion)p 610 629 V 21 w(duplicates)120 691 y Fo(If)15 b(non-zero,)h(then)f(disallo)o(w)h(duplicates)h(in)f(the)g (matc)o(hes.)j(Default)c(is)h(1.)1736 913 y(V)l(ariable)-1899 b Fh(int)20 b Fg(rl)p 140 913 V 21 w(\014lename)p 369 913 V 20 w(completion)p 663 913 V 21 w(desired)120 975 y Fo(Non-zero)e(means)g (that)f(the)g(results)i(of)e(the)h(matc)o(hes)f(are)h(to)f(b)q(e)h(treated)f (as)h(\014lenames.)28 b(This)120 1037 y(is)16 b Fj(alw)o(a)o(ys)h Fo(zero)e(on)g(en)o(try)l(,)g(and)h(can)g(only)g(b)q(e)g(c)o(hanged)f(within) i(a)e(completion)i(en)o(try)e(generator)120 1100 y(function.)26 b(If)18 b(it)f(is)h(set)f(to)f(a)h(non-zero)g(v)m(alue,)i(directory)e(names)g (ha)o(v)o(e)g(a)g(slash)g(app)q(ended)i(and)120 1162 y(Readline)i(attempts)c (to)g(quote)h(completed)i(\014lenames)f(if)f(they)h(con)o(tain)f(an)o(y)g(em) o(b)q(edded)i(w)o(ord)120 1224 y(break)15 b(c)o(haracters.)1736 1446 y(V)l(ariable)-1899 b Fh(int)20 b Fg(rl)p 140 1446 V 21 w(\014lename)p 369 1446 V 20 w(quoting)p 578 1446 V 21 w(desired)120 1508 y Fo(Non-zero)c(means)g(that)g(the)g(results)h(of)e(the)i(matc)o(hes)e (are)h(to)g(b)q(e)h(quoted)f(using)h(double)g(quotes)120 1570 y(\(or)d(an)h(application-sp)q(eci\014)q(c)j(quoting)d(mec)o(hanism\))g(if)h (the)f(completed)h(\014lename)g(con)o(tains)f(an)o(y)120 1633 y(c)o(haracters)c(in)h Fn(rl_completer_word_break_cha)o(rs)p Fo(.)k(This)c(is)g Fj(alw)o(a)o(ys)h Fo(non-zero)f(on)f(en)o(try)l(,)h(and) 120 1695 y(can)j(only)h(b)q(e)g(c)o(hanged)f(within)i(a)e(completion)h(en)o (try)f(generator)f(function.)1736 1917 y(V)l(ariable)-1899 b Fh(Function)20 b(*)g Fg(rl)p 316 1917 V 21 w(ignore)p 492 1917 V 20 w(some)p 639 1917 V 19 w(completions)p 955 1917 V 21 w(function)120 1979 y Fo(This)e(function,)g(if)g(de\014ned,)h(is)f(called) h(b)o(y)e(the)h(completer)g(when)g(real)f(\014lename)i(completion)f(is)120 2041 y(done,)13 b(after)e(all)i(the)g(matc)o(hing)f(names)g(ha)o(v)o(e)g(b)q (een)h(generated.)19 b(It)12 b(is)h(passed)f(a)g Fn(NULL)g Fo(terminated)120 2103 y(arra)o(y)k(of)h(matc)o(hes.)26 b(The)17 b(\014rst)g(elemen)o(t)h(\()p Fn(matches[0])p Fo(\))e(is)h(the)h(maximal)g (substring)f(common)120 2166 y(to)f(all)h(matc)o(hes.)22 b(This)17 b(function)g(can)f(re-arrange)g(the)g(list)h(of)f(matc)o(hes)g(as)f (required,)j(but)e(eac)o(h)120 2228 y(elemen)o(t)g(deleted)g(from)f(the)g (arra)o(y)f(m)o(ust)h(b)q(e)h(freed.)1736 2449 y(V)l(ariable)-1899 b Fh(Function)20 b(*)g Fg(rl)p 316 2449 V 21 w(directory)p 564 2449 V 21 w(completion)p 859 2449 V 21 w(ho)r(ok)120 2512 y Fo(This)15 b(function,)g(if)g(de\014ned,)h(is)f(allo)o(w)o(ed)g(to)e(mo)q (dify)j(the)e(directory)h(p)q(ortion)g(of)f(\014lenames)h(Read-)120 2574 y(line)h(completes.)k(It)14 b(is)g(called)i(with)e(the)g(address)g(of)g (a)g(string)g(\(the)g(curren)o(t)f(directory)i(name\))e(as)120 2636 y(an)f(argumen)o(t.)17 b(It)12 b(could)h(b)q(e)f(used)g(to)f(expand)h (sym)o(b)q(olic)h(links)g(or)e(shell)i(v)m(ariables)g(in)f(pathnames.)p eop %%Page: 33 35 34 bop 0 -83 a Fo(Chapter)15 b(2:)k(Programming)c(with)g(GNU)g(Readline)994 b(33)0 158 y Fi(2.5.4)30 b(A)15 b(Short)g(Completion)g(Example)62 295 y Fo(Here)20 b(is)h(a)e(small)i(application)g(demonstrating)f(the)f(use)i (of)e(the)h(GNU)f(Readline)k(library)l(.)34 b(It)20 b(is)g(called)0 358 y Fn(fileman)p Fo(,)14 b(and)i(the)f(source)g(co)q(de)h(resides)g(in)h(`) p Fn(examples/fileman.c)p Fo(')o(.)h(This)e(sample)f(application)i(pro)o (vides)0 420 y(completion)f(of)f(command)g(names,)g(line)i(editing)f (features,)f(and)g(access)g(to)g(the)g(history)g(list.)p eop %%Page: 34 36 35 bop 0 -83 a Fo(34)1449 b(GNU)15 b(Readline)i(Library)120 158 y Fn(/*)24 b(fileman.c)e(--)i(A)g(tiny)f(application)f(which)h (demonstrates)g(how)g(to)h(use)f(the)192 208 y(GNU)g(Readline)g(library.)46 b(This)24 b(application)e(interactively)g(allows)h(users)192 258 y(to)g(manipulate)g(files)g(and)g(their)g(modes.)h(*/)120 358 y(#include)f()120 407 y(#include)g()120 457 y(#include)g()120 507 y(#include)g()120 557 y(#include)g()120 656 y(#include)g()120 706 y(#include)g()120 806 y(extern)g(char)g(*getwd)g (\(\);)120 856 y(extern)g(char)g(*xmalloc)g(\(\);)120 955 y(/*)h(The)f(names) g(of)h(functions)e(that)i(actually)f(do)g(the)h(manipulation.)e(*/)120 1005 y(int)h(com_list)g(\(\),)h(com_view)e(\(\),)i(com_rename)e(\(\),)i (com_stat)f(\(\),)g(com_pwd)g(\(\);)120 1055 y(int)g(com_delete)g(\(\),)g (com_help)g(\(\),)h(com_cd)f(\(\),)g(com_quit)g(\(\);)120 1155 y(/*)h(A)f(structure)g(which)g(contains)g(information)f(on)i(the)f(commands)g (this)g(program)192 1204 y(can)g(understand.)f(*/)120 1304 y(typedef)h(struct)g({)168 1354 y(char)g(*name;)g(/*)h(User)f(printable)g (name)g(of)h(the)f(function.)g(*/)168 1404 y(Function)f(*func;)i(/*)f (Function)g(to)g(call)h(to)f(do)h(the)f(job.)h(*/)168 1453 y(char)f(*doc;)g(/*)h(Documentation)e(for)h(this)h(function.)46 b(*/)120 1503 y(})24 b(COMMAND;)120 1603 y(COMMAND)f(commands[])f(=)i({)168 1653 y({)f("cd",)h(com_cd,)f("Change)f(to)i(directory)f(DIR")g(},)168 1703 y({)g("delete",)g(com_delete,)f("Delete)h(FILE")h(},)168 1752 y({)f("help",)g(com_help,)g("Display)g(this)g(text")g(},)168 1802 y({)g("?",)h(com_help,)e("Synonym)h(for)h(`help'")f(},)168 1852 y({)g("list",)g(com_list,)g("List)g(files)g(in)h(DIR")f(},)168 1902 y({)g("ls",)h(com_list,)e("Synonym)h(for)g(`list'")g(},)168 1952 y({)g("pwd",)g(com_pwd,)g("Print)g(the)h(current)f(working)g(directory") f(},)168 2001 y({)h("quit",)g(com_quit,)g("Quit)g(using)g(Fileman")g(},)168 2051 y({)g("rename",)g(com_rename,)f("Rename)h(FILE)h(to)f(NEWNAME")g(},)168 2101 y({)g("stat",)g(com_stat,)g("Print)g(out)g(statistics)g(on)h(FILE")f(},) 168 2151 y({)g("view",)g(com_view,)g("View)g(the)h(contents)e(of)i(FILE")f (},)168 2201 y({)g(\(char)h(*\)NULL,)f(\(Function)f(*\)NULL,)h(\(char)g (*\)NULL)g(})120 2250 y(};)120 2350 y(/*)h(Forward)e(declarations.)h(*/)120 2400 y(char)g(*stripwhite)g(\(\);)120 2450 y(COMMAND)g(*find_command)f(\(\);) 120 2549 y(/*)i(The)f(name)g(of)h(this)f(program,)g(as)h(taken)f(from)g (argv[0].)g(*/)120 2599 y(char)g(*progname;)p eop %%Page: 35 37 36 bop 0 -83 a Fo(Chapter)15 b(2:)k(Programming)c(with)g(GNU)g(Readline)994 b(35)120 208 y Fn(/*)24 b(When)f(non-zero,)g(this)g(global)g(means)g(the)h (user)f(is)g(done)h(using)f(this)g(program.)g(*/)120 258 y(int)g(done;)120 358 y(char)g(*)120 407 y(dupstr)g(\(s\))239 457 y(int)h(s;)120 507 y({)168 557 y(char)f(*r;)168 656 y(r)g(=)h(xmalloc)f(\(strlen)g(\(s\))g (+)h(1\);)168 706 y(strcpy)f(\(r,)g(s\);)168 756 y(return)g(\(r\);)120 806 y(})120 906 y(main)g(\(argc,)g(argv\))239 955 y(int)h(argc;)239 1005 y(char)g(**argv;)120 1055 y({)168 1105 y(char)f(*line,)g(*s;)168 1204 y(progname)f(=)i(argv[0];)168 1304 y(initialize_readline)d(\(\);)i(/*)h (Bind)f(our)h(completer.)e(*/)168 1404 y(/*)h(Loop)h(reading)f(and)g (executing)g(lines)g(until)g(the)g(user)h(quits.)f(*/)168 1453 y(for)g(\()h(;)g(done)f(==)h(0;)f(\))215 1503 y({)263 1553 y(line)g(=)h(readline)f(\("FileMan:)f("\);)263 1653 y(if)i(\(!line\))311 1703 y(break;)263 1802 y(/*)g(Remove)f(leading)g(and)g(trailing)g(whitespace) f(from)i(the)f(line.)335 1852 y(Then,)g(if)h(there)f(is)g(anything)g(left,)g (add)h(it)f(to)h(the)f(history)g(list)335 1902 y(and)g(execute)g(it.)h(*/)263 1952 y(s)g(=)g(stripwhite)e(\(line\);)263 2051 y(if)i(\(*s\))311 2101 y({)359 2151 y(add_history)e(\(s\);)359 2201 y(execute_line)g(\(s\);)311 2250 y(})263 2350 y(free)h(\(line\);)215 2400 y(})168 2450 y(exit)g(\(0\);)120 2500 y(})120 2599 y(/*)h(Execute)e(a)i(command)f(line.)g (*/)p eop %%Page: 36 38 37 bop 0 -83 a Fo(36)1449 b(GNU)15 b(Readline)i(Library)120 158 y Fn(int)120 208 y(execute_line)22 b(\(line\))239 258 y(char)i(*line;)120 308 y({)168 358 y(register)e(int)i(i;)168 407 y(COMMAND)f(*command;)168 457 y(char)g(*word;)168 557 y(/*)g(Isolate)g(the)h(command)f(word.)g(*/)168 607 y(i)g(=)h(0;)168 656 y(while)f(\(line[i])g(&&)g(whitespace)g (\(line[i]\)\))215 706 y(i++;)168 756 y(word)g(=)h(line)f(+)h(i;)168 856 y(while)f(\(line[i])g(&&)g(!whitespace)g(\(line[i]\)\))215 906 y(i++;)168 1005 y(if)g(\(line[i]\))215 1055 y(line[i++])g(=)h('\\0';)168 1155 y(command)f(=)g(find_command)g(\(word\);)168 1254 y(if)g(\(!command\)) 215 1304 y({)263 1354 y(fprintf)g(\(stderr,)g("\045s:)g(No)h(such)f(command)g (for)g(FileMan.\\n",)g(word\);)263 1404 y(return)g(\(-1\);)215 1453 y(})168 1553 y(/*)g(Get)h(argument)f(to)g(command,)g(if)g(any.)h(*/)168 1603 y(while)f(\(whitespace)f(\(line[i]\)\))215 1653 y(i++;)168 1752 y(word)h(=)h(line)f(+)h(i;)168 1852 y(/*)f(Call)h(the)f(function.)g(*/) 168 1902 y(return)g(\(\(*\(command->func\)\))e(\(word\)\);)120 1952 y(})120 2051 y(/*)j(Look)f(up)g(NAME)h(as)f(the)h(name)f(of)h(a)f (command,)g(and)h(return)f(a)g(pointer)g(to)h(that)192 2101 y(command.)46 b(Return)23 b(a)h(NULL)f(pointer)g(if)h(NAME)f(isn't)g(a)h (command)f(name.)g(*/)120 2151 y(COMMAND)g(*)120 2201 y(find_command)f (\(name\))239 2250 y(char)i(*name;)120 2300 y({)168 2350 y(register)e(int)i (i;)168 2450 y(for)f(\(i)h(=)f(0;)h(commands[i].name;)e(i++\))215 2500 y(if)i(\(strcmp)f(\(name,)g(commands[i].name\))f(==)h(0\))263 2549 y(return)g(\(&commands[i]\);)p eop %%Page: 37 39 38 bop 0 -83 a Fo(Chapter)15 b(2:)k(Programming)c(with)g(GNU)g(Readline)994 b(37)168 208 y Fn(return)23 b(\(\(COMMAND)f(*\)NULL\);)120 258 y(})120 358 y(/*)i(Strip)f(whitespace)f(from)i(the)f(start)g(and)h(end)f (of)h(STRING.)46 b(Return)24 b(a)f(pointer)192 407 y(into)g(STRING.)g(*/)120 457 y(char)g(*)120 507 y(stripwhite)f(\(string\))239 557 y(char)i(*string;) 120 607 y({)168 656 y(register)e(char)i(*s,)f(*t;)168 756 y(for)g(\(s)h(=)f (string;)g(whitespace)g(\(*s\);)g(s++\))215 806 y(;)168 906 y(if)g(\(*s)h(==)f(0\))215 955 y(return)g(\(s\);)168 1055 y(t)g(=)h(s)g(+)g (strlen)f(\(s\))g(-)h(1;)168 1105 y(while)f(\(t)g(>)h(s)g(&&)g(whitespace)e (\(*t\)\))215 1155 y(t--;)168 1204 y(*++t)h(=)h('\\0';)168 1304 y(return)f(s;)120 1354 y(})120 1453 y(/*)h(***********************)o (*******)o(********)o(*******)o(*******)o(********)o(****)d(*/)120 1503 y(/*)1575 b(*/)120 1553 y(/*)429 b(Interface)23 b(to)g(Readline)g (Completion)381 b(*/)120 1603 y(/*)1575 b(*/)120 1653 y(/*)24 b(***********************)o(*******)o(********)o(*******)o(*******)o (********)o(****)d(*/)120 1752 y(char)i(*command_generator)f(\(\);)120 1802 y(char)h(**fileman_completion)e(\(\);)120 1902 y(/*)j(Tell)f(the)g(GNU)h (Readline)f(library)f(how)i(to)g(complete.)46 b(We)24 b(want)f(to)h(try)f(to) h(complete)192 1952 y(on)f(command)g(names)g(if)h(this)f(is)h(the)f(first)g (word)h(in)f(the)h(line,)f(or)h(on)f(filenames)192 2001 y(if)g(not.)g(*/)120 2051 y(initialize_readline)e(\(\))120 2101 y({)168 2151 y(/*)i(Allow)g (conditional)g(parsing)g(of)g(the)h(~/.inputrc)e(file.)h(*/)168 2201 y(rl_readline_name)e(=)j("FileMan";)168 2300 y(/*)f(Tell)h(the)f (completer)g(that)g(we)h(want)f(a)h(crack)f(first.)g(*/)168 2350 y(rl_attempted_completion_)o(functio)o(n)e(=)j(\(CPPFunction)e (*\)fileman_completion;)120 2400 y(})p eop %%Page: 38 40 39 bop 0 -83 a Fo(38)1449 b(GNU)15 b(Readline)i(Library)120 158 y Fn(/*)24 b(Attempt)e(to)i(complete)f(on)g(the)h(contents)f(of)g(TEXT.) 47 b(START)23 b(and)h(END)f(show)h(the)192 208 y(region)f(of)g(TEXT)h(that)f (contains)g(the)g(word)g(to)h(complete.)46 b(We)24 b(can)g(use)f(the)192 258 y(entire)g(line)g(in)h(case)f(we)g(want)h(to)f(do)h(some)f(simple)g (parsing.)47 b(Return)23 b(the)192 308 y(array)g(of)g(matches,)g(or)h(NULL)f (if)h(there)f(aren't)g(any.)g(*/)120 358 y(char)g(**)120 407 y(fileman_completion)e(\(text,)i(start,)g(end\))239 457 y(char)h(*text;)239 507 y(int)g(start,)f(end;)120 557 y({)168 607 y(char)g(**matches;)168 706 y(matches)g(=)g(\(char)h(**\)NULL;)168 806 y(/*)f(If)h(this)f(word)h(is)f (at)h(the)f(start)g(of)h(the)f(line,)h(then)f(it)g(is)h(a)g(command)239 856 y(to)g(complete.)46 b(Otherwise)23 b(it)h(is)f(the)h(name)f(of)h(a)f (file)h(in)f(the)h(current)239 906 y(directory.)f(*/)168 955 y(if)g(\(start)g(==)h(0\))215 1005 y(matches)f(=)h(completion_matches)d (\(text,)j(command_generator\);)168 1105 y(return)f(\(matches\);)120 1155 y(})120 1254 y(/*)h(Generator)e(function)h(for)g(command)g(completion.) 47 b(STATE)23 b(lets)g(us)h(know)f(whether)192 1304 y(to)g(start)g(from)h (scratch;)e(without)h(any)h(state)f(\(i.e.)g(STATE)g(==)h(0\),)f(then)h(we) 192 1354 y(start)f(at)g(the)h(top)f(of)h(the)f(list.)g(*/)120 1404 y(char)g(*)120 1453 y(command_generator)f(\(text,)h(state\))239 1503 y(char)h(*text;)239 1553 y(int)g(state;)120 1603 y({)168 1653 y(static)f(int)g(list_index,)g(len;)168 1703 y(char)g(*name;)168 1802 y(/*)g(If)h(this)f(is)h(a)g(new)f(word)g(to)h(complete,)f(initialize)f (now.)47 b(This)24 b(includes)239 1852 y(saving)f(the)h(length)f(of)g(TEXT)h (for)f(efficiency,)g(and)g(initializing)f(the)i(index)239 1902 y(variable)f(to)h(0.)f(*/)168 1952 y(if)g(\(!state\))215 2001 y({)263 2051 y(list_index)g(=)g(0;)263 2101 y(len)h(=)f(strlen)g(\(text\);) 215 2151 y(})168 2250 y(/*)g(Return)g(the)h(next)f(name)g(which)h(partially)e (matches)h(from)g(the)h(command)f(list.)g(*/)168 2300 y(while)g(\(name)g(=)h (commands[list_index].name)o(\))215 2350 y({)263 2400 y(list_index++;)263 2500 y(if)g(\(strncmp)f(\(name,)g(text,)g(len\))g(==)h(0\))311 2549 y(return)f(\(dupstr\(name\)\);)215 2599 y(})p eop %%Page: 39 41 40 bop 0 -83 a Fo(Chapter)15 b(2:)k(Programming)c(with)g(GNU)g(Readline)994 b(39)168 208 y Fn(/*)23 b(If)h(no)f(names)h(matched,)e(then)i(return)f(NULL.) g(*/)168 258 y(return)g(\(\(char)g(*\)NULL\);)120 308 y(})120 407 y(/*)h(***********************)o(*******)o(********)o(*******)o(*******)o (********)o(****)d(*/)120 457 y(/*)1575 b(*/)120 507 y(/*)549 b(FileMan)22 b(Commands)644 b(*/)120 557 y(/*)1575 b(*/)120 607 y(/*)24 b(***********************)o(*******)o(********)o(*******)o (*******)o(********)o(****)d(*/)120 706 y(/*)j(String)f(to)g(pass)h(to)f (system)g(\(\).)47 b(This)24 b(is)f(for)h(the)f(LIST,)g(VIEW)h(and)f(RENAME) 192 756 y(commands.)f(*/)120 806 y(static)h(char)g(syscom[1024];)120 906 y(/*)h(List)f(the)g(file\(s\))g(named)g(in)h(arg.)f(*/)120 955 y(com_list)g(\(arg\))239 1005 y(char)h(*arg;)120 1055 y({)168 1105 y(if)f(\(!arg\))215 1155 y(arg)h(=)g("";)168 1254 y(sprintf)f(\(syscom,) f("ls)i(-FClg)f(\045s",)g(arg\);)168 1304 y(return)g(\(system)g (\(syscom\)\);)120 1354 y(})120 1453 y(com_view)g(\(arg\))239 1503 y(char)h(*arg;)120 1553 y({)168 1603 y(if)f(\(!valid_argument)f (\("view",)h(arg\)\))215 1653 y(return)g(1;)168 1752 y(sprintf)g(\(syscom,)f ("more)i(\045s",)f(arg\);)168 1802 y(return)g(\(system)g(\(syscom\)\);)120 1852 y(})120 1952 y(com_rename)f(\(arg\))239 2001 y(char)i(*arg;)120 2051 y({)168 2101 y(too_dangerous)e(\("rename"\);)168 2151 y(return)h(\(1\);)120 2201 y(})120 2300 y(com_stat)g(\(arg\))239 2350 y(char)h(*arg;)120 2400 y({)168 2450 y(struct)f(stat)g(finfo;)168 2549 y(if)g(\(!valid_argument)f(\("stat",)h(arg\)\))215 2599 y(return)g(\(1\);)p eop %%Page: 40 42 41 bop 0 -83 a Fo(40)1449 b(GNU)15 b(Readline)i(Library)168 208 y Fn(if)23 b(\(stat)g(\(arg,)h(&finfo\))f(==)g(-1\))215 258 y({)263 308 y(perror)g(\(arg\);)263 358 y(return)g(\(1\);)215 407 y(})168 507 y(printf)g(\("Statistics)f(for)h(`\045s':\\n",)g(arg\);)168 607 y(printf)g(\("\045s)g(has)h(\045d)f(link\045s,)g(and)g(is)h(\045d)g (byte\045s)f(in)g(length.\\n",)g(arg,)359 656 y(finfo.st_nlink,)359 706 y(\(finfo.st_nlink)e(==)j(1\))g(?)f("")h(:)g("s",)359 756 y(finfo.st_size,)359 806 y(\(finfo.st_size)e(==)h(1\))h(?)f("")h(:)g("s"\);) 168 856 y(printf)f(\("Inode)g(Last)g(Change)g(at:)g(\045s",)h(ctime)f (\(&finfo.st_ctime\)\);)168 906 y(printf)g(\(")143 b(Last)23 b(access)g(at:)g(\045s",)h(ctime)f(\(&finfo.st_atime\)\);)168 955 y(printf)g(\(")95 b(Last)23 b(modified)g(at:)g(\045s",)h(ctime)f (\(&finfo.st_mtime\)\);)168 1005 y(return)g(\(0\);)120 1055 y(})120 1155 y(com_delete)f(\(arg\))239 1204 y(char)i(*arg;)120 1254 y({)168 1304 y(too_dangerous)e(\("delete"\);)168 1354 y(return)h(\(1\);)120 1404 y(})120 1503 y(/*)h(Print)f(out)g(help)h(for)f (ARG,)g(or)h(for)f(all)h(of)f(the)h(commands)f(if)g(ARG)h(is)192 1553 y(not)f(present.)g(*/)120 1603 y(com_help)g(\(arg\))239 1653 y(char)h(*arg;)120 1703 y({)168 1752 y(register)e(int)i(i;)168 1802 y(int)f(printed)g(=)h(0;)168 1902 y(for)f(\(i)h(=)f(0;)h (commands[i].name;)e(i++\))215 1952 y({)263 2001 y(if)i(\(!*arg)f(||)g (\(strcmp)g(\(arg,)g(commands[i].name\))f(==)i(0\)\))311 2051 y({)359 2101 y(printf)f(\("\045s\\t\\t\045s.\\n",)e(commands[i].name,)h (commands[i].doc\);)359 2151 y(printed++;)311 2201 y(})215 2250 y(})168 2350 y(if)h(\(!printed\))215 2400 y({)263 2450 y(printf)g(\("No)h(commands)e(match)h(`\045s'.)48 b(Possibilties)22 b(are:\\n",)h(arg\);)p eop %%Page: 41 43 42 bop 0 -83 a Fo(Chapter)15 b(2:)k(Programming)c(with)g(GNU)g(Readline)994 b(41)263 208 y Fn(for)24 b(\(i)f(=)h(0;)g(commands[i].name;)d(i++\))311 258 y({)359 308 y(/*)i(Print)g(in)h(six)f(columns.)g(*/)359 358 y(if)g(\(printed)g(==)h(6\))406 407 y({)454 457 y(printed)f(=)h(0;)454 507 y(printf)f(\("\\n"\);)406 557 y(})359 656 y(printf)g(\("\045s\\t",)f (commands[i].name\);)359 706 y(printed++;)311 756 y(})263 856 y(if)i(\(printed\))311 906 y(printf)f(\("\\n"\);)215 955 y(})168 1005 y(return)g(\(0\);)120 1055 y(})120 1155 y(/*)h(Change)f(to)g(the)h (directory)e(ARG.)i(*/)120 1204 y(com_cd)f(\(arg\))239 1254 y(char)h(*arg;)120 1304 y({)168 1354 y(if)f(\(chdir)g(\(arg\))h(==)f(-1\))215 1404 y({)263 1453 y(perror)g(\(arg\);)263 1503 y(return)g(1;)215 1553 y(})168 1653 y(com_pwd)g(\(""\);)168 1703 y(return)g(\(0\);)120 1752 y(})120 1852 y(/*)h(Print)f(out)g(the)h(current)f(working)f(directory.)h (*/)120 1902 y(com_pwd)g(\(ignore\))239 1952 y(char)h(*ignore;)120 2001 y({)168 2051 y(char)f(dir[1024],)g(*s;)168 2151 y(s)g(=)h(getwd)f (\(dir\);)168 2201 y(if)g(\(s)h(==)f(0\))215 2250 y({)263 2300 y(printf)g(\("Error)g(getting)g(pwd:)g(\045s\\n",)g(dir\);)263 2350 y(return)g(1;)215 2400 y(})168 2500 y(printf)g(\("Current)f(directory)h (is)h(\045s\\n",)f(dir\);)168 2549 y(return)g(0;)120 2599 y(})p eop %%Page: 42 44 43 bop 0 -83 a Fo(42)1449 b(GNU)15 b(Readline)i(Library)120 208 y Fn(/*)24 b(The)f(user)g(wishes)g(to)h(quit)f(using)g(this)h(program.)46 b(Just)24 b(set)f(DONE)h(non-zero.)e(*/)120 258 y(com_quit)h(\(arg\))239 308 y(char)h(*arg;)120 358 y({)168 407 y(done)f(=)h(1;)168 457 y(return)f(\(0\);)120 507 y(})120 607 y(/*)h(Function)e(which)i(tells)f (you)g(that)g(you)h(can't)f(do)h(this.)f(*/)120 656 y(too_dangerous)f (\(caller\))239 706 y(char)i(*caller;)120 756 y({)168 806 y(fprintf)f (\(stderr,)382 856 y("\045s:)h(Too)f(dangerous)g(for)g(me)h(to)g(distribute.) 46 b(Write)23 b(it)h(yourself.\\n",)382 906 y(caller\);)120 955 y(})120 1055 y(/*)g(Return)f(non-zero)f(if)i(ARG)f(is)h(a)g(valid)f (argument)g(for)g(CALLER,)g(else)g(print)192 1105 y(an)g(error)g(message)g (and)h(return)f(zero.)g(*/)120 1155 y(int)120 1204 y(valid_argument)f (\(caller,)h(arg\))239 1254 y(char)h(*caller,)e(*arg;)120 1304 y({)168 1354 y(if)h(\(!arg)g(||)h(!*arg\))215 1404 y({)263 1453 y(fprintf)f(\(stderr,)g("\045s:)g(Argument)g(required.\\n",)f(caller\);) 263 1503 y(return)h(\(0\);)215 1553 y(})168 1653 y(return)g(\(1\);)120 1703 y(})p eop %%Page: 43 45 44 bop 0 -83 a Fo(Concept)15 b(Index)1616 b(43)0 158 y Fk(Concept)16 b(Index)0 405 y Fm(I)0 471 y Fe(in)o(teraction,)f(readline)5 b Fd(:)j(:)e(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)17 b Fe(1)0 579 y Fm(K)0 646 y Fe(Kill)e(ring)8 b Fd(:)f(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)21 b Fe(3)0 704 y(Killing)16 b(text)8 b Fd(:)e(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h (:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)20 b Fe(3)1015 405 y Fm(R)1015 471 y Fe(readline,)15 b(function)8 b Fd(:)g(:)e(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)21 b Fe(15)1015 637 y Fm(Y)1015 704 y Fe(Y)m(anking)15 b(text)t Fd(:)6 b(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)17 b Fe(3)p eop %%Page: 44 46 45 bop 0 -83 a Fo(44)1449 b(GNU)15 b(Readline)i(Library)p eop %%Page: 45 47 46 bop 0 -83 a Fo(F)l(unction)16 b(and)f(V)l(ariable)i(Index)1337 b(45)0 158 y Fk(F)-7 b(unction)15 b(and)g(V)-7 b(ariable)14 b(Index)0 399 y Fm($)0 466 y Fc($else)t Fd(:)t(:)6 b(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)17 b Fe(8)0 524 y Fc($endif)9 b Fd(:)d(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)24 b Fe(8)0 582 y Fc($if)7 b Fd(:)e(:)h(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)19 b Fe(7)0 699 y Fm(A)0 765 y Fc(abort)11 b(\(C-g\))c Fd(:)t(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:) g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)20 b Fe(13)0 824 y Fc(accept-lin)o(e)10 b(\(Newline)o(,)g(Return\))c Fd(:)s(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:) g(:)19 b Fe(9)0 882 y Fc(alphabetic)t Fd(:)s(:)7 b(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:) g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)18 b Fe(26)0 999 y Fm(B)0 1065 y Fc(backward-c)o(ha)o(r)10 b(\(C-b\))d Fd(:)t(:)f(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)19 b Fe(8)0 1124 y Fc(backward-d)o(el)o(ete)o (-c)o(har)9 b(\(Rubout\))e Fd(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)23 b Fe(10)0 1182 y Fc(backward-k)o(il)o(l-l)o(in)o(e) 10 b(\(C-x)h(Rubout\))d Fd(:)e(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:) g(:)g(:)g(:)24 b Fe(11)0 1240 y Fc(backward-k)o(il)o(l-w)o(or)o(d)10 b(\(M-DEL\))5 b Fd(:)t(:)h(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:) g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)18 b Fe(11)0 1298 y Fc(backward-w)o(or)o(d)10 b(\(M-b\))d Fd(:)t(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:) g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)19 b Fe(8)0 1356 y Fc(beginning-)o(of)o(-hi)o(st)o(ory)9 b(\(M-<\))d Fd(:)f(:)h(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:) g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)19 b Fe(9)0 1414 y Fc(beginning-)o(of)o(-li)o(ne)9 b(\(C-a\))g Fd(:)d(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:) f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)23 b Fe(8)0 1472 y(b)q(ell-st)o(yle)s Fd(:)9 b(:)d(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h (:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)16 b Fe(5)0 1590 y Fm(C)0 1656 y Fc(call-last-)o(kb)o(d-m)o(ac)o(ro)9 b(\(C-x)j(e\))7 b Fd(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)20 b Fe(12)0 1714 y Fc(capitalize)o(-w)o(ord)9 b(\(M-c\))s Fd(:)t(:)d(:)g(:)h(:) f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)16 b Fe(11)0 1772 y Fc(clear-scre)o(en)9 b(\(C-l\))f Fd(:)t(:)e(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:) f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)21 b Fe(9)0 1830 y(commen)o(t-b)q(egin)13 b Fd(:)6 b(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)23 b Fe(5)0 1888 y Fc(complete)10 b(\(TAB\))t Fd(:)s(:)c(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:) g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g (:)16 b Fe(12)0 1947 y(completion-query-i)q(tems)d Fd(:)6 b(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h (:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)23 b Fe(6)0 2005 y Fc(completion)p 201 2005 12 2 v 10 w(matches)6 b Fd(:)t(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:) g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)19 b Fe(30)0 2063 y(con)o(v)o(ert-meta)t Fd(:)6 b(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:) g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)16 b Fe(5)0 2180 y Fm(D)0 2247 y Fc(delete-cha)o(r)10 b(\(C-d\))e Fd(:)t(:)e(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)21 b Fe(10)0 2305 y Fc(delete-hor)o(iz)o(ont)o (al)o(-sp)o(ace)9 b(\(\))c Fd(:)h(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)18 b Fe(11)0 2363 y Fc(digit-argu)o(me)o(nt)9 b(\(M-0,)i(M-1,)h(...)f(M--\))5 b Fd(:)g(:)h(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)18 b Fe(12)0 2421 y Fc(digit)p 102 2421 V 12 w(p)s Fd(:)6 b(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h (:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)16 b Fe(27)0 2479 y Fc(digit)p 102 2479 V 12 w(value)7 b Fd(:)t(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)20 b Fe(27)0 2537 y Fc(ding)t Fd(:)5 b(:)h(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h (:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)17 b Fe(26)0 2595 y Fc(do-upperca)o(se)o(-ve)o(rs)o(ion)9 b(\(M-a,)i(M-b,)g (...\))d Fd(:)d(:)h(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)21 b Fe(13)0 2653 y Fc(downcase-w)o(or)o(d)10 b(\(M-l\))c Fd(:)t(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)19 b Fe(11)1015 399 y Fc(dump-functi)o(on)o(s)10 b(\(\))e Fd(:)d(:)i(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)22 b Fe(13)1015 513 y Fm(E)1015 579 y Fe(editing-mo)q(de)t Fd(:)9 b(:)d(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)17 b Fe(5)1015 637 y Fc(end-kbd-mac)o(ro)9 b(\(C-x)j(\)\))7 b Fd(:)t(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h (:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)20 b Fe(12)1015 695 y Fc(end-of-hist)o(or)o(y)10 b(\(M->\))c Fd(:)t(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)19 b Fe(9)1015 754 y Fc(end-of-line)9 b(\(C-e\))e Fd(:)g(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:) g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)22 b Fe(8)1015 812 y(expand-tilde)10 b Fd(:)f(:)d(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:) g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)22 b Fe(6)1015 925 y Fm(F)1015 992 y Fc(filename)p 1177 992 V 12 w(completi)o(on)p 1388 992 V 11 w(function)5 b Fd(:)s(:)h(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)18 b Fe(30)1015 1050 y Fc(forward-cha)o(r) 10 b(\(C-f\))e Fd(:)t(:)e(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)21 b Fe(8)1015 1108 y Fc(forward-sea)o(rc)o(h-h)o(ist)o(or)o(y)10 b(\(C-s\))t Fd(:)t(:)c(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:) g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)17 b Fe(9)1015 1166 y Fc(forward-wor)o(d)10 b(\(M-f\))e Fd(:)t(:)e(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:) g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)21 b Fe(8)1015 1224 y Fc(free)p 1097 1224 V 13 w(undo)p 1190 1224 V 13 w(list)6 b Fd(:)t(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:) g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)19 b Fe(24)1015 1338 y Fm(H)1015 1404 y Fc(history-sea)o(rc)o(h-b)o (ack)o(wa)o(rd)9 b(\(\))d Fd(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)19 b Fe(9)1015 1462 y Fc(history-sea)o(rc)o(h-f)o(orw)o(ar)o(d)10 b(\(\))e Fd(:)d(:)h(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)21 b Fe(9)1015 1521 y(horizon)o(tal-scrol)q(l)q(-mo)q(de)t Fd(:)9 b(:)d(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)17 b Fe(5)1015 1634 y Fm(I)1015 1701 y Fc(insert-comp)o(le)o(tio)o(ns)9 b(\(\))s Fd(:)d(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:) g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)16 b Fe(12)1015 1814 y Fm(K)1015 1881 y Fe(k)o(eymap)6 b Fd(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)19 b Fe(6)1015 1939 y Fc(kill-line)10 b(\(C-k\))f Fd(:)d(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)24 b Fe(11)1015 1997 y Fc(kill-whole-)o(li)o (ne)10 b(\(\))d Fd(:)e(:)h(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:) g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)20 b Fe(11)1015 2055 y Fc(kill-word)10 b(\(M-d\))f Fd(:)d(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:) g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)24 b Fe(11)1015 2169 y Fm(L)1015 2235 y Fc(lowercase)p 1197 2235 V 11 w(p)7 b Fd(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)20 b Fe(26)1015 2349 y Fm(M)1015 2415 y Fe(mark-mo)q(di\014ed-li)q(nes)8 b Fd(:)h(:)d(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:) g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)20 b Fe(5)1015 2473 y(meta-\015ag)11 b Fd(:)6 b(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h (:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)23 b Fe(5)1015 2587 y Fm(N)1015 2653 y Fc(next-histor)o(y)10 b(\(C-n\))e Fd(:)t(:)e(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:) g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)21 b Fe(9)p eop %%Page: 46 48 47 bop 0 -83 a Fo(46)1449 b(GNU)15 b(Readline)i(Library)0 158 y Fc(non-increm)o(en)o(tal)o(-f)o(orw)o(ard)o(-s)o(ear)o(ch)o(-hi)o(st)o(ory) 9 b(\(M-n\))g Fd(:)t(:)22 b Fe(9)0 216 y Fc(non-increm)o(en)o(tal)o(-r)o(eve) o(rse)o(-s)o(ear)o(ch)o(-hi)o(st)o(ory)9 b(\(M-p\))g Fd(:)t(:)22 b Fe(9)0 275 y Fc(numeric)9 b Fd(:)s(:)e(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)22 b Fe(26)0 394 y Fm(O)0 460 y Fe(output-meta)8 b Fd(:)g(:)e(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)21 b Fe(5)0 580 y Fm(P)0 646 y Fc(possible-c)o(om)o(ple)o(ti)o(ons)9 b(\(M-?\))c Fd(:)g(:)h(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:) g(:)g(:)g(:)18 b Fe(12)0 704 y Fc(prefix-met)o(a)10 b(\(ESC\))e Fd(:)t(:)e(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:) g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)21 b Fe(13)0 762 y Fc(previous-h)o(is)o(tor)o(y)10 b(\(C-p\))f Fd(:)d(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)24 b Fe(9)0 882 y Fm(Q)0 948 y Fc(quoted-ins)o(er)o(t)10 b(\(C-q,)h(C-v\))e Fd(:)d(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)24 b Fe(10)0 1068 y Fm(R)0 1134 y Fc(re-read-in)o(it)o(-fi)o(le)9 b(\(C-x)i(C-r\))c Fd(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:) g(:)g(:)20 b Fe(13)0 1192 y Fc(readline)8 b Fd(:)s(:)e(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:) g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h (:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)21 b Fe(15)0 1250 y Fc(redraw-cur)o(re)o(nt-)o(li)o(ne)9 b(\(\))i Fd(:)6 b(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)24 b Fe(9)0 1308 y Fc(reverse-se)o(ar)o (ch-)o(hi)o(sto)o(ry)9 b(\(C-r\))t Fd(:)t(:)d(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)16 b Fe(9)0 1367 y Fc(revert-lin)o(e)10 b(\(M-r\))e Fd(:)t(:)e(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)21 b Fe(13)0 1425 y Fc(rl)p 42 1425 12 2 v 13 w(add)p 115 1425 V 13 w(defun)8 b Fd(:)d(:)h(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)21 b Fe(20)0 1483 y Fc(rl)p 42 1483 V 13 w(add)p 115 1483 V 13 w(undo)8 b Fd(:)e(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)22 b Fe(24)0 1541 y Fc(rl)p 42 1541 V 13 w(attempted)p 235 1541 V 11 w(completion)p 445 1541 V 10 w(function)15 b Fd(:)6 b(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:) g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)17 b Fe(31)0 1599 y Fc(rl)p 42 1599 V 13 w(basic)p 155 1599 V 13 w(word)p 248 1599 V 12 w(break)p 360 1599 V 12 w(characters)i Fd(:)6 b(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)23 b Fe(31)0 1657 y Fc(rl)p 42 1657 V 13 w(begin)p 155 1657 V 13 w(undo)p 248 1657 V 12 w(group)9 b Fd(:)d(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)23 b Fe(24)0 1715 y Fc(rl)p 42 1715 V 13 w(bind)p 135 1715 V 13 w(key)8 b Fd(:)e(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)22 b Fe(21)0 1773 y Fc(rl)p 42 1773 V 13 w(bind)p 135 1773 V 13 w(key)p 208 1773 V 13 w(in)p 261 1773 V 13 w(map)6 b Fd(:)f(:)h(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:) g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)19 b Fe(21)0 1831 y Fc(rl)p 42 1831 V 13 w(clear)p 155 1831 V 13 w(message)s Fd(:)s(:)6 b(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:) g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)16 b Fe(25)0 1890 y Fc(rl)p 42 1890 V 13 w(complete)7 b Fd(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)23 b Fe(29,)13 b(30)0 1948 y Fc(rl)p 42 1948 V 13 w(complete)p 215 1948 V 11 w(internal)7 b Fd(:)s(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)19 b Fe(30)0 2006 y Fc(rl)p 42 2006 V 13 w(completer)p 235 2006 V 11 w(quote)p 346 2006 V 12 w(characters)f Fd(:)6 b(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)21 b Fe(31)0 2064 y Fc(rl)p 42 2064 V 13 w(completer)p 235 2064 V 11 w(word)p 326 2064 V 13 w(break)p 439 2064 V 12 w(character)o(s)15 b Fd(:)6 b(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)18 b Fe(31)0 2122 y Fc(rl)p 42 2122 V 13 w(completion)p 254 2122 V 11 w(entry)p 366 2122 V 12 w(function)c Fd(:)6 b(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:) g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)17 b Fe(29,)c(31)0 2180 y Fc(rl)p 42 2180 V 13 w(completion)p 254 2180 V 11 w(query)p 366 2180 V 12 w(items)j Fd(:)6 b(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)18 b Fe(31)0 2238 y Fc(rl)p 42 2238 V 13 w(copy)p 135 2238 V 13 w(keymap)6 b Fd(:)s(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)18 b Fe(20)0 2296 y Fc(rl)p 42 2296 V 13 w(copy)p 135 2296 V 13 w(text)8 b Fd(:)d(:)h(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)21 b Fe(25)0 2355 y Fc(rl)p 42 2355 V 13 w(delete)p 175 2355 V 12 w(text)6 b Fd(:)t(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h (:)f(:)18 b Fe(25)0 2413 y Fc(rl)p 42 2413 V 13 w(directory)p 235 2413 V 11 w(completion)p 445 2413 V 10 w(hook)j Fd(:)6 b(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)23 b Fe(32)0 2471 y Fc(rl)p 42 2471 V 13 w(discard)p 195 2471 V 12 w(keymap)8 b Fd(:)e(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)23 b Fe(21)0 2529 y Fc(rl)p 42 2529 V 13 w(do)p 95 2529 V 14 w(undo)9 b Fd(:)d(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)24 b Fe(24)0 2587 y Fc(rl)p 42 2587 V 13 w(done)17 b Fd(:)6 b(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:) g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)18 b Fe(19)0 2645 y Fc(rl)p 42 2645 V 13 w(end)h Fd(:)6 b(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)19 b Fe(18)1015 158 y Fc(rl)p 1057 158 V 14 w(end)p 1131 158 V 13 w(undo)p 1224 158 V 12 w(group)5 b Fd(:)t(:)h(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)18 b Fe(24)1015 216 y Fc(rl)p 1057 216 V 14 w(event)p 1171 216 V 12 w(hook)i Fd(:)6 b(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:) g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h (:)f(:)g(:)22 b Fe(19)1015 275 y Fc(rl)p 1057 275 V 14 w(filename)p 1231 275 V 11 w(completio)o(n)p 1441 275 V 11 w(desired)17 b Fd(:)7 b(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)20 b Fe(32)1015 333 y Fc(rl)p 1057 333 V 14 w(filename)p 1231 333 V 11 w(quoting)p 1382 333 V 11 w(desired)h Fd(:)7 b(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)24 b Fe(32)1015 391 y Fc(rl)p 1057 391 V 14 w(forced)p 1191 391 V 12 w(update)p 1323 391 V 11 w(display)t Fd(:)t(:)6 b(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:) g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)17 b Fe(25)1015 449 y Fc(rl)p 1057 449 V 14 w(function)p 1231 449 V 11 w(dumper)9 b Fd(:)t(:)d(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h (:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)22 b Fe(23)1015 507 y Fc(rl)p 1057 507 V 14 w(function)p 1231 507 V 11 w(of)p 1282 507 V 13 w(keyseq)8 b Fd(:)t(:)e(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g (:)21 b Fe(22)1015 565 y Fc(rl)p 1057 565 V 14 w(generic)p 1211 565 V 11 w(bind)t Fd(:)5 b(:)h(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)18 b Fe(22)1015 623 y Fc(rl)p 1057 623 V 14 w(get)p 1131 623 V 13 w(keymap)7 b Fd(:)t(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)20 b Fe(21)1015 681 y Fc(rl)p 1057 681 V 14 w(get)p 1131 681 V 13 w(keymap)p 1264 681 V 12 w(by)p 1316 681 V 13 w(name)9 b Fd(:)d(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:) g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)24 b Fe(21)1015 739 y Fc(rl)p 1057 739 V 14 w(ignore)p 1191 739 V 12 w(completio)o(n)p 1402 739 V 11 w(duplicate)o(s)16 b Fd(:)6 b(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)19 b Fe(32)1015 798 y Fc(rl)p 1057 798 V 14 w(ignore)p 1191 798 V 12 w(some)p 1283 798 V 12 w(completion)o(s)p 1514 798 V 11 w(function)13 b Fd(:)6 b(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)17 b Fe(32)1015 856 y Fc(rl)p 1057 856 V 14 w(initializ)o(e)t Fd(:)s(:)6 b(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)17 b Fe(26)1015 914 y Fc(rl)p 1057 914 V 14 w(insert)p 1191 914 V 12 w(completio)o(ns)t Fd(:)t(:)6 b(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)19 b Fe(30)1015 972 y Fc(rl)p 1057 972 V 14 w(insert)p 1191 972 V 12 w(text)6 b Fd(:)t(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:) g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)19 b Fe(25)1015 1030 y Fc(rl)p 1057 1030 V 14 w(instream)f Fd(:)6 b(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)22 b Fe(19)1015 1088 y Fc(rl)p 1057 1088 V 14 w(invoking)p 1231 1088 V 11 w(keyseqs)8 b Fd(:)s(:)e(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)21 b Fe(23)1015 1146 y Fc(rl)p 1057 1146 V 14 w(invoking)p 1231 1146 V 11 w(keyseqs)p 1382 1146 V 11 w(in)p 1433 1146 V 14 w(map)t Fd(:)5 b(:)h(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)18 b Fe(23)1015 1204 y Fc(rl)p 1057 1204 V 14 w(kill)p 1151 1204 V 12 w(text)8 b Fd(:)d(:)h(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h (:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)21 b Fe(25)1015 1263 y Fc(rl)p 1057 1263 V 14 w(line)p 1151 1263 V 12 w(buffer)e Fd(:)6 b(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)21 b Fe(18)1015 1321 y Fc(rl)p 1057 1321 V 14 w(list)p 1151 1321 V 12 w(funmap)p 1283 1321 V 12 w(names)8 b Fd(:)e(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)23 b Fe(23)1015 1379 y Fc(rl)p 1057 1379 V 14 w(make)p 1151 1379 V 12 w(bare)p 1243 1379 V 13 w(keymap)8 b Fd(:)e(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:) g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)24 b Fe(20)1015 1437 y Fc(rl)p 1057 1437 V 14 w(make)p 1151 1437 V 12 w(keymap)6 b Fd(:)t(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h (:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)19 b Fe(21)1015 1495 y Fc(rl)p 1057 1495 V 14 w(mark)e Fd(:)6 b(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)19 b Fe(18)1015 1553 y Fc(rl)p 1057 1553 V 14 w(message)8 b Fd(:)s(:)e(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:) g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)21 b Fe(25)1015 1611 y Fc(rl)p 1057 1611 V 14 w(modifying)t Fd(:)t(:)6 b(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h (:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)19 b Fe(24)1015 1669 y Fc(rl)p 1057 1669 V 14 w(named)p 1171 1669 V 12 w(function)7 b Fd(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h (:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)24 b Fe(22)1015 1727 y Fc(rl)p 1057 1727 V 14 w(on)p 1111 1727 V 13 w(new)p 1184 1727 V 13 w(line)8 b Fd(:)d(:)h(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)22 b Fe(25)1015 1786 y Fc(rl)p 1057 1786 V 14 w(outstream)17 b Fd(:)6 b(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)21 b Fe(19)1015 1844 y Fc(rl)p 1057 1844 V 14 w(parse)p 1171 1844 V 12 w(and)p 1243 1844 V 13 w(bind)5 b Fd(:)t(:)h(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)18 b Fe(22)1015 1902 y Fc(rl)p 1057 1902 V 14 w(pending)p 1211 1902 V 11 w(input)e Fd(:)6 b(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)19 b Fe(19)1015 1960 y Fc(rl)p 1057 1960 V 14 w(point)c Fd(:)6 b(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)17 b Fe(18)1015 2018 y Fc(rl)p 1057 2018 V 14 w(possible)p 1231 2018 V 11 w(completio)o(ns)8 b Fd(:)e(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)25 b Fe(30)1015 2076 y Fc(rl)p 1057 2076 V 14 w(prompt)d Fd(:)6 b(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)25 b Fe(19)1015 2134 y Fc(rl)p 1057 2134 V 14 w(read)p 1151 2134 V 12 w(init)p 1243 2134 V 13 w(file)5 b Fd(:)t(:)h(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)18 b Fe(22)1015 2192 y Fc(rl)p 1057 2192 V 14 w(read)p 1151 2192 V 12 w(key)9 b Fd(:)d(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)23 b Fe(26)1015 2250 y Fc(rl)p 1057 2250 V 14 w(readline)p 1231 2250 V 11 w(name)16 b Fd(:)6 b(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:) g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)19 b Fe(19)1015 2309 y Fc(rl)p 1057 2309 V 14 w(redisplay)t Fd(:)t(:)6 b(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)19 b Fe(24)1015 2367 y Fc(rl)p 1057 2367 V 14 w(reset)p 1171 2367 V 12 w(line)p 1263 2367 V 13 w(state)8 b Fd(:)e(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)24 b Fe(25)1015 2425 y Fc(rl)p 1057 2425 V 14 w(reset)p 1171 2425 V 12 w(terminal)7 b Fd(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)24 b Fe(26)1015 2483 y Fc(rl)p 1057 2483 V 14 w(set)p 1131 2483 V 13 w(keymap)7 b Fd(:)t(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)20 b Fe(21)1015 2541 y Fc(rl)p 1057 2541 V 14 w(special)p 1211 2541 V 11 w(prefixes)g Fd(:)6 b(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)23 b Fe(32)1015 2599 y Fc(rl)p 1057 2599 V 14 w(startup)p 1211 2599 V 11 w(hook)18 b Fd(:)6 b(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:) g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)20 b Fe(19)p eop %%Page: 47 49 48 bop 0 -83 a Fo(F)l(unction)16 b(and)f(V)l(ariable)i(Index)1337 b(47)0 158 y Fc(rl)p 42 158 12 2 v 13 w(stuff)p 155 158 V 13 w(char)7 b Fd(:)t(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)20 b Fe(26)0 216 y Fc(rl)p 42 216 V 13 w(terminal)p 215 216 V 11 w(name)d Fd(:)6 b(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:) g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)18 b Fe(19)0 275 y Fc(rl)p 42 275 V 13 w(unbind)p 175 275 V 12 w(key)7 b Fd(:)e(:)h(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)20 b Fe(22)0 333 y Fc(rl)p 42 333 V 13 w(unbind)p 175 333 V 12 w(key)p 247 333 V 13 w(in)p 300 333 V 13 w(map)t Fd(:)5 b(:)h(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)16 b Fe(22)0 441 y Fm(S)0 507 y Fc(self-inser)o(t)10 b(\(a,)h(b,)h(A,)g(1,)g(!,)g(...\))6 b Fd(:)f(:)h(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)19 b Fe(10)0 565 y(sho)o(w-all-if-am)o(biguo)q(us)9 b Fd(:)g(:)d(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)21 b Fe(6)0 623 y Fc(start-kbd-)o(ma)o(cro)9 b(\(C-x)i(\(\))t Fd(:)6 b(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)17 b Fe(12)0 731 y Fm(T)0 798 y Fc(tab-insert)9 b(\(M-TAB\))e Fd(:)s(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)20 b Fe(10)0 856 y Fc(tilde-expa)o(nd)9 b(\(M-~\))e Fd(:)t(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:) g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)20 b Fe(13)0 914 y Fc(to)p 42 914 V 13 w(lower)9 b Fd(:)d(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:) g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)23 b Fe(27)0 972 y Fc(to)p 42 972 V 13 w(upper)9 b Fd(:)d(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:) g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)23 b Fe(27)0 1030 y Fc(transpose-)o(ch)o(ars)9 b(\(C-t\))s Fd(:)t(:)d(:)g(:)h(:) f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)16 b Fe(10)1015 158 y Fc(transpose-w)o(or)o(ds)10 b(\(M-t\))s Fd(:)t(:)c(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:) g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)16 b Fe(10)1015 266 y Fm(U)1015 333 y Fc(undo)c(\(C-)p 1169 333 V 13 w(,)g(C-x)g(C-u\))7 b Fd(:)t(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)20 b Fe(13)1015 391 y Fc(universal-a)o(rg)o(ume)o(nt)9 b(\(\))s Fd(:)d(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:) g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)h(:)16 b Fe(12)1015 449 y Fc(unix-line-d)o(is)o(car)o(d)10 b(\(C-u\))f Fd(:)t(:)d(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:) g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)22 b Fe(11)1015 507 y Fc(unix-word-r)o (ub)o(out)9 b(\(C-w\))g Fd(:)d(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:) g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)24 b Fe(11)1015 565 y Fc(upcase-word)9 b(\(M-u\))f Fd(:)t(:)f(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)22 b Fe(10)1015 623 y Fc(uppercase)p 1197 623 V 11 w(p)7 b Fd(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h (:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)20 b Fe(26)1015 681 y Fc(username)p 1177 681 V 12 w(completi)o(on)p 1388 681 V 11 w(function)5 b Fd(:)s(:)h(:)g(:)g(:)g(:) g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)18 b Fe(31)1015 789 y Fm(Y)1015 856 y Fc(yank)12 b(\(C-y\))d Fd(:)t(:)d(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)22 b Fe(11)1015 914 y Fc(yank-last-a)o(rg)9 b(\(M-.,)i(M-)p 1436 914 V 13 w(\))6 b Fd(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h (:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)19 b Fe(10)1015 972 y Fc(yank-nth-ar)o(g)10 b(\(M-C-y\))t Fd(:)s(:)d(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)18 b Fe(10)1015 1030 y Fc(yank-pop)10 b(\(M-y\))t Fd(:)t(:)c(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)17 b Fe(11)p eop %%Page: 48 50 49 bop 0 -83 a Fo(48)1449 b(GNU)15 b(Readline)i(Library)p eop %%Page: -1 51 50 bop 1937 -83 a Fo(i)0 158 y Fk(T)-7 b(able)15 b(of)g(Con)n(ten)n(ts)0 333 y Fm(1)67 b(Command)22 b(Line)i(Editing)13 b Fb(:)f(:)e(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)36 b Fm(1)149 411 y Fo(1.1)45 b(In)o(tro)q(duction)16 b(to)f(Line)h(Editing)5 b Fa(:)k(:)e(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)20 b Fo(1)149 473 y(1.2)45 b(Readline)17 b(In)o(teraction)6 b Fa(:)i(:)g(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h (:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)21 b Fo(1)299 535 y(1.2.1)44 b(Readline)17 b(Bare)e(Essen)o(tials)f Fa(:)7 b(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)27 b Fo(2)299 597 y(1.2.2)44 b(Readline)17 b(Mo)o(v)o(emen)o(t)d(Commands)f Fa(:)7 b(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)27 b Fo(2)299 660 y(1.2.3)44 b(Readline)17 b(Killing)h(Commands)9 b Fa(:)e(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g (:)g(:)23 b Fo(3)299 722 y(1.2.4)44 b(Readline)17 b(Argumen)o(ts)5 b Fa(:)i(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g (:)19 b Fo(4)149 784 y(1.3)45 b(Readline)17 b(Init)g(File)d Fa(:)8 b(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)28 b Fo(4)299 846 y(1.3.1)44 b(Readline)17 b(Init)f(Syn)o(tax)11 b Fa(:)d(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)25 b Fo(4)299 909 y(1.3.2)44 b(Conditional)16 b(Init)g(Constructs)d Fa(:)7 b(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)27 b Fo(7)149 971 y(1.4)45 b(Bindable)17 b(Readline)h(Commands)9 b Fa(:)e(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:) g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g (:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)23 b Fo(8)299 1033 y(1.4.1)44 b(Commands)14 b(F)l(or)h(Mo)o(ving)t Fa(:)7 b(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h (:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h (:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)18 b Fo(8)299 1095 y(1.4.2)44 b(Commands)14 b(F)l(or)h(Manipulating)i(The)e(History)9 b Fa(:)e(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:) g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)23 b Fo(9)299 1158 y(1.4.3)44 b(Commands)14 b(F)l(or)h(Changing)h(T)l(ext)10 b Fa(:)c(:)i(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)25 b Fo(10)299 1220 y(1.4.4)44 b(Killing)18 b(And)e(Y)l(anking)10 b Fa(:)e(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)25 b Fo(11)299 1282 y(1.4.5)44 b(Sp)q(ecifying)17 b(Numeric)f(Argumen)o(ts)8 b Fa(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)22 b Fo(12)299 1345 y(1.4.6)44 b(Letting)15 b(Readline)j(T)o(yp)q(e)d(F)l(or)g(Y)l(ou)5 b Fa(:)i(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:) g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)20 b Fo(12)299 1407 y(1.4.7)44 b(Keyb)q(oard)15 b(Macros)9 b Fa(:)e(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)24 b Fo(12)299 1469 y(1.4.8)44 b(Some)15 b(Miscellaneous)i(Commands)11 b Fa(:)d(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)27 b Fo(13)149 1531 y(1.5)45 b(Readline)17 b(vi)f(Mo)q(de)d Fa(:)7 b(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h (:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)27 b Fo(13)0 1656 y Fm(2)67 b(Programming)23 b(with)g(GNU)f(Readline)d Fb(:)10 b(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g (:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)41 b Fm(15)149 1734 y Fo(2.1)k(Basic)16 b(Beha)o(vior)9 b Fa(:)e(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)23 b Fo(15)149 1796 y(2.2)45 b(Custom)14 b(F)l(unctions)6 b Fa(:)j(:)e(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)21 b Fo(17)299 1858 y(2.2.1)44 b(The)15 b(F)l(unction)h(T)o(yp)q(e)e Fa(:)7 b(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)28 b Fo(17)299 1920 y(2.2.2)44 b(W)l(riting)16 b(a)e(New)i(F)l(unction)6 b Fa(:)h(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:) h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)h(:)20 b Fo(18)149 1983 y(2.3)45 b(Readline)17 b(V)l(ariables)d Fa(:)7 b(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)27 b Fo(18)149 2045 y(2.4)45 b(Readline)17 b(Con)o(v)o(enience)g(F)l(unctions)8 b Fa(:)g(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)23 b Fo(20)299 2107 y(2.4.1)44 b(Naming)15 b(a)g(F)l(unction)t Fa(:)9 b(:)e(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f (:)19 b Fo(20)299 2170 y(2.4.2)44 b(Selecting)17 b(a)e(Keymap)8 b Fa(:)g(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)23 b Fo(20)299 2232 y(2.4.3)44 b(Binding)17 b(Keys)11 b Fa(:)d(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h (:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)26 b Fo(21)299 2294 y(2.4.4)44 b(Asso)q(ciating)16 b(F)l(unction)g(Names)f(and)g (Bindings)7 b Fa(:)i(:)e(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)22 b Fo(22)299 2356 y(2.4.5)44 b(Allo)o(wing)16 b(Undoing)7 b Fa(:)i(:)e(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:) g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g (:)22 b Fo(23)299 2419 y(2.4.6)44 b(Redispla)o(y)9 b Fa(:)f(:)g(:)f(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)h(:)23 b Fo(24)299 2481 y(2.4.7)44 b(Mo)q(difying)16 b(T)l(ext)11 b Fa(:)d(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h (:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)26 b Fo(25)299 2543 y(2.4.8)44 b(Utilit)o(y)16 b(F)l(unctions)7 b Fa(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)22 b Fo(26)299 2605 y(2.4.9)44 b(An)15 b(Example)c Fa(:)d(:)g(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:) g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)26 b Fo(27)p eop %%Page: -2 52 51 bop 0 -83 a Fo(ii)1471 b(GNU)15 b(Readline)i(Library)149 17 y(2.5)45 b(Custom)14 b(Completers)c Fa(:)e(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h (:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)25 b Fo(28)299 79 y(2.5.1)44 b(Ho)o(w)14 b(Completing)i(W)l(orks)10 b Fa(:)c(:)i(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)24 b Fo(28)299 141 y(2.5.2)44 b(Completion)16 b(F)l(unctions)7 b Fa(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h (:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)22 b Fo(29)299 203 y(2.5.3)44 b(Completion)16 b(V)l(ariables)e Fa(:)7 b(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)28 b Fo(31)299 266 y(2.5.4)44 b(A)15 b(Short)g(Completion)h(Example)11 b Fa(:)d(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)26 b Fo(33)0 390 y Fm(Concept)c(Index)5 b Fb(:)12 b(:)e(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g (:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)28 b Fm(43)0 530 y(F)-6 b(unction)25 b(and)d(V)-6 b(ariable)24 b(Index)11 b Fb(:)g(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)34 b Fm(45)p eop %%Trailer end userdict /end-hook known{end-hook}if %%EOF bash-1.14.3/lib/readline/doc/readline.info 664 436 0 4660 5621067553 16430 0ustar chetwheelThis is Info file readline.info, produced by Makeinfo-1.55 from the input file rlman.texinfo. This document describes the GNU Readline Library, a utility which aids in the consistency of user interface across discrete programs that need to provide a command line interface. Copyright (C) 1988, 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc. Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of this manual provided the copyright notice and this permission notice pare preserved on all copies. Permission is granted to copy and distribute modified versions of this manual under the conditions for verbatim copying, provided that the entire resulting derived work is distributed under the terms of a permission notice identical to this one. Permission is granted to copy and distribute translations of this manual into another language, under the above conditions for modified versions, except that this permission notice may be stated in a translation approved by the Foundation.  Indirect: readline.info-1: 1000 readline.info-2: 50431  Tag Table: (Indirect) Node: Top1000 Node: Command Line Editing1613 Node: Introduction and Notation2264 Node: Readline Interaction3284 Node: Readline Bare Essentials4423 Node: Readline Movement Commands5953 Node: Readline Killing Commands6844 Node: Readline Arguments8547 Node: Readline Init File9498 Node: Readline Init Syntax10502 Node: Conditional Init Constructs17435 Node: Bindable Readline Commands19681 Node: Commands For Moving20351 Node: Commands For History21199 Node: Commands For Text23783 Node: Commands For Killing25522 Node: Numeric Arguments26971 Node: Commands For Completion27598 Node: Keyboard Macros28525 Node: Miscellaneous Commands29084 Node: Readline vi Mode30372 Node: Programming with GNU Readline32122 Node: Basic Behavior32991 Node: Custom Functions36304 Node: The Function Type36905 Node: Function Writing37750 Node: Readline Variables38834 Node: Readline Convenience Functions40919 Node: Function Naming41586 Node: Keymaps42813 Node: Binding Keys44324 Node: Associating Function Names and Bindings46268 Node: Allowing Undoing47846 Node: Redisplay50431 Node: Modifying Text51501 Node: Utility Functions52412 Node: Custom Completers56033 Node: How Completing Works56754 Node: Completion Functions59745 Node: Completion Variables62760 Node: A Short Completion Example66930 Node: Concept Index79164 Node: Function and Variable Index79651  End Tag Table bash-1.14.3/lib/readline/doc/readline.info-1 664 436 0 142377 5621067552 16635 0ustar chetwheelThis is Info file readline.info, produced by Makeinfo-1.55 from the input file rlman.texinfo. This document describes the GNU Readline Library, a utility which aids in the consistency of user interface across discrete programs that need to provide a command line interface. Copyright (C) 1988, 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc. Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of this manual provided the copyright notice and this permission notice pare preserved on all copies. Permission is granted to copy and distribute modified versions of this manual under the conditions for verbatim copying, provided that the entire resulting derived work is distributed under the terms of a permission notice identical to this one. Permission is granted to copy and distribute translations of this manual into another language, under the above conditions for modified versions, except that this permission notice may be stated in a translation approved by the Foundation.  File: readline.info, Node: Top, Next: Command Line Editing, Prev: (DIR), Up: (DIR) GNU Readline Library ******************** This document describes the GNU Readline Library, a utility which aids in the consistency of user interface across discrete programs that need to provide a command line interface. * Menu: * Command Line Editing:: GNU Readline User's Manual. * Programming with GNU Readline:: GNU Readline Programmer's Manual. * Concept Index:: Index of concepts described in this manual. * Function and Variable Index:: Index of externally visible functions and variables.  File: readline.info, Node: Command Line Editing, Next: Programming with GNU Readline, Prev: Top, Up: Top Command Line Editing ******************** This chapter describes the basic features of the GNU command line editing interface. * Menu: * Introduction and Notation:: Notation used in this text. * Readline Interaction:: The minimum set of commands for editing a line. * Readline Init File:: Customizing Readline from a user's view. * Bindable Readline Commands:: A description of most of the Readline commands available for binding * Readline vi Mode:: A short description of how to make Readline behave like the vi editor.  File: readline.info, Node: Introduction and Notation, Next: Readline Interaction, Up: Command Line Editing Introduction to Line Editing ============================ The following paragraphs describe the notation used to represent keystrokes. The text C-k is read as `Control-K' and describes the character produced when the Control key is depressed and the k key is struck. The text M-k is read as `Meta-K' and describes the character produced when the meta key (if you have one) is depressed, and the k key is struck. If you do not have a meta key, the identical keystroke can be generated by typing ESC first, and then typing k. Either process is known as "metafying" the k key. The text M-C-k is read as `Meta-Control-k' and describes the character produced by "metafying" C-k. In addition, several keys have their own names. Specifically, DEL, ESC, LFD, SPC, RET, and TAB all stand for themselves when seen in this text, or in an init file (*note Readline Init File::., for more info).  File: readline.info, Node: Readline Interaction, Next: Readline Init File, Prev: Introduction and Notation, Up: Command Line Editing Readline Interaction ==================== Often during an interactive session you type in a long line of text, only to notice that the first word on the line is misspelled. The Readline library gives you a set of commands for manipulating the text as you type it in, allowing you to just fix your typo, and not forcing you to retype the majority of the line. Using these editing commands, you move the cursor to the place that needs correction, and delete or insert the text of the corrections. Then, when you are satisfied with the line, you simply press RETURN. You do not have to be at the end of the line to press RETURN; the entire line is accepted regardless of the location of the cursor within the line. * Menu: * Readline Bare Essentials:: The least you need to know about Readline. * Readline Movement Commands:: Moving about the input line. * Readline Killing Commands:: How to delete text, and how to get it back! * Readline Arguments:: Giving numeric arguments to commands.  File: readline.info, Node: Readline Bare Essentials, Next: Readline Movement Commands, Up: Readline Interaction Readline Bare Essentials ------------------------ In order to enter characters into the line, simply type them. The typed character appears where the cursor was, and then the cursor moves one space to the right. If you mistype a character, you can use your erase character to back up and delete the mistyped character. Sometimes you may miss typing a character that you wanted to type, and not notice your error until you have typed several other characters. In that case, you can type C-b to move the cursor to the left, and then correct your mistake. Afterwards, you can move the cursor to the right with C-f. When you add text in the middle of a line, you will notice that characters to the right of the cursor are `pushed over' to make room for the text that you have inserted. Likewise, when you delete text behind the cursor, characters to the right of the cursor are `pulled back' to fill in the blank space created by the removal of the text. A list of the basic bare essentials for editing the text of an input line follows. C-b Move back one character. C-f Move forward one character. DEL Delete the character to the left of the cursor. C-d Delete the character underneath the cursor. Printing characters Insert the character into the line at the cursor. C-_ Undo the last thing that you did. You can undo all the way back to an empty line.  File: readline.info, Node: Readline Movement Commands, Next: Readline Killing Commands, Prev: Readline Bare Essentials, Up: Readline Interaction Readline Movement Commands -------------------------- The above table describes the most basic possible keystrokes that you need in order to do editing of the input line. For your convenience, many other commands have been added in addition to C-b, C-f, C-d, and DEL. Here are some commands for moving more rapidly about the line. C-a Move to the start of the line. C-e Move to the end of the line. M-f Move forward a word. M-b Move backward a word. C-l Clear the screen, reprinting the current line at the top. Notice how C-f moves forward a character, while M-f moves forward a word. It is a loose convention that control keystrokes operate on characters while meta keystrokes operate on words.  File: readline.info, Node: Readline Killing Commands, Next: Readline Arguments, Prev: Readline Movement Commands, Up: Readline Interaction Readline Killing Commands ------------------------- "Killing" text means to delete the text from the line, but to save it away for later use, usually by "yanking" (re-inserting) it back into the line. If the description for a command says that it `kills' text, then you can be sure that you can get the text back in a different (or the same) place later. When you use a kill command, the text is saved in a "kill-ring". Any number of consecutive kills save all of the killed text together, so that when you yank it back, you get it all. The kill ring is not line specific; the text that you killed on a previously typed line is available to be yanked back later, when you are typing another line. Here is the list of commands for killing text. C-k Kill the text from the current cursor position to the end of the line. M-d Kill from the cursor to the end of the current word, or if between words, to the end of the next word. M-DEL Kill from the cursor the start of the previous word, or if between words, to the start of the previous word. C-w Kill from the cursor to the previous whitespace. This is different than M-DEL because the word boundaries differ. And, here is how to "yank" the text back into the line. Yanking means to copy the most-recently-killed text from the kill buffer. C-y Yank the most recently killed text back into the buffer at the cursor. M-y Rotate the kill-ring, and yank the new top. You can only do this if the prior command is C-y or M-y.  File: readline.info, Node: Readline Arguments, Prev: Readline Killing Commands, Up: Readline Interaction Readline Arguments ------------------ You can pass numeric arguments to Readline commands. Sometimes the argument acts as a repeat count, other times it is the sign of the argument that is significant. If you pass a negative argument to a command which normally acts in a forward direction, that command will act in a backward direction. For example, to kill text back to the start of the line, you might type M- C-k. The general way to pass numeric arguments to a command is to type meta digits before the command. If the first `digit' you type is a minus sign (-), then the sign of the argument will be negative. Once you have typed one meta digit to get the argument started, you can type the remainder of the digits, and then the command. For example, to give the C-d command an argument of 10, you could type M-1 0 C-d.  File: readline.info, Node: Readline Init File, Next: Bindable Readline Commands, Prev: Readline Interaction, Up: Command Line Editing Readline Init File ================== Although the Readline library comes with a set of Emacs-like keybindings installed by default, it is possible that you would like to use a different set of keybindings. You can customize programs that use Readline by putting commands in an "init" file in your home directory. The name of this file is taken from the value of the environment variable `INPUTRC'. If that variable is unset, the default is `~/.inputrc'. When a program which uses the Readline library starts up, the init file is read, and the key bindings are set. In addition, the `C-x C-r' command re-reads this init file, thus incorporating any changes that you might have made to it. * Menu: * Readline Init Syntax:: Syntax for the commands in the inputrc file. * Conditional Init Constructs:: Conditional key bindings in the inputrc file.  File: readline.info, Node: Readline Init Syntax, Next: Conditional Init Constructs, Up: Readline Init File Readline Init Syntax -------------------- There are only a few basic constructs allowed in the Readline init file. Blank lines are ignored. Lines beginning with a # are comments. Lines beginning with a $ indicate conditional constructs (*note Conditional Init Constructs::.). Other lines denote variable settings and key bindings. Variable Settings You can change the state of a few variables in Readline by using the `set' command within the init file. Here is how you would specify that you wish to use `vi' line editing commands: set editing-mode vi Right now, there are only a few variables which can be set; so few, in fact, that we just list them here: `editing-mode' The `editing-mode' variable controls which editing mode you are using. By default, Readline starts up in Emacs editing mode, where the keystrokes are most similar to Emacs. This variable can be set to either `emacs' or `vi'. `horizontal-scroll-mode' This variable can be set to either `On' or `Off'. Setting it to `On' means that the text of the lines that you edit will scroll horizontally on a single screen line when they are longer than the width of the screen, instead of wrapping onto a new screen line. By default, this variable is set to `Off'. `mark-modified-lines' This variable, when set to `On', says to display an asterisk (`*') at the start of history lines which have been modified. This variable is `off' by default. `bell-style' Controls what happens when Readline wants to ring the terminal bell. If set to `none', Readline never rings the bell. If set to `visible', Readline uses a visible bell if one is available. If set to `audible' (the default), Readline attempts to ring the terminal's bell. `comment-begin' The string to insert at the beginning of the line when the `vi-comment' command is executed. The default value is `"#"'. `meta-flag' If set to `on', Readline will enable eight-bit input (it will not strip the eighth bit from the characters it reads), regardless of what the terminal claims it can support. The default value is `off'. `convert-meta' If set to `on', Readline will convert characters with the eigth bit set to an ASCII key sequence by stripping the eigth bit and prepending an ESC character, converting them to a meta-prefixed key sequence. The default value is `on'. `output-meta' If set to `on', Readline will display characters with the eighth bit set directly rather than as a meta-prefixed escape sequence. The default is `off'. `completion-query-items' The number of possible completions that determines when the user is asked whether he wants to see the list of possibilities. If the number of possible completions is greater than this value, Readline will ask the user whether or not he wishes to view them; otherwise, they are simply listed. The default limit is `100'. `keymap' Sets Readline's idea of the current keymap for key binding commands. Acceptable `keymap' names are `emacs', `emacs-standard', `emacs-meta', `emacs-ctlx', `vi', `vi-move', `vi-command', and `vi-insert'. `vi' is equivalent to `vi-command'; `emacs' is equivalent to `emacs-standard'. The default value is `emacs'. The value of the `editing-mode' variable also affects the default keymap. `show-all-if-ambiguous' This alters the default behavior of the completion functions. If set to `on', words which have more than one possible completion cause the matches to be listed immediately instead of ringing the bell. The default value is `off'. `expand-tilde' If set to `on', tilde expansion is performed when Readline attempts word completion. The default is `off'. Key Bindings The syntax for controlling key bindings in the init file is simple. First you have to know the name of the command that you want to change. The following pages contain tables of the command name, the default keybinding, and a short description of what the command does. Once you know the name of the command, simply place the name of the key you wish to bind the command to, a colon, and then the name of the command on a line in the init file. The name of the key can be expressed in different ways, depending on which is most comfortable for you. KEYNAME: FUNCTION-NAME or MACRO KEYNAME is the name of a key spelled out in English. For example: Control-u: universal-argument Meta-Rubout: backward-kill-word Control-o: ">&output" In the above example, `C-u' is bound to the function `universal-argument', and `C-o' is bound to run the macro expressed on the right hand side (that is, to insert the text `>&output' into the line). "KEYSEQ": FUNCTION-NAME or MACRO KEYSEQ differs from KEYNAME above in that strings denoting an entire key sequence can be specified, by placing the key sequence in double quotes. Some GNU Emacs style key escapes can be used, as in the following example, but the special character names are not recognized. "\C-u": universal-argument "\C-x\C-r": re-read-init-file "\e[11~": "Function Key 1" In the above example, `C-u' is bound to the function `universal-argument' (just as it was in the first example), `C-x C-r' is bound to the function `re-read-init-file', and `ESC [ 1 1 ~' is bound to insert the text `Function Key 1'. The following escape sequences are available when specifying key sequences: ``\C-'' control prefix ``\M-'' meta prefix ``\e'' an escape character ``\\'' backslash ``\"'' " ``\''' ' When entering the text of a macro, single or double quotes should be used to indicate a macro definition. Unquoted text is assumed to be a function name. Backslash will quote any character in the macro text, including " and '. For example, the following binding will make `C-x \' insert a single \ into the line: "\C-x\\": "\\"  File: readline.info, Node: Conditional Init Constructs, Prev: Readline Init Syntax, Up: Readline Init File Conditional Init Constructs --------------------------- Readline implements a facility similar in spirit to the conditional compilation features of the C preprocessor which allows key bindings and variable settings to be performed as the result of tests. There are three parser directives used. `$if' The `$if' construct allows bindings to be made based on the editing mode, the terminal being used, or the application using Readline. The text of the test extends to the end of the line; no characters are required to isolate it. `mode' The `mode=' form of the `$if' directive is used to test whether Readline is in `emacs' or `vi' mode. This may be used in conjunction with the `set keymap' command, for instance, to set bindings in the `emacs-standard' and `emacs-ctlx' keymaps only if Readline is starting out in `emacs' mode. `term' The `term=' form may be used to include terminal-specific key bindings, perhaps to bind the key sequences output by the terminal's function keys. The word on the right side of the `=' is tested against the full name of the terminal and the portion of the terminal name before the first `-'. This allows SUN to match both SUN and SUN-CMD, for instance. `application' The APPLICATION construct is used to include application-specific settings. Each program using the Readline library sets the APPLICATION NAME, and you can test for it. This could be used to bind key sequences to functions useful for a specific program. For instance, the following command adds a key sequence that quotes the current or previous word in Bash: $if bash # Quote the current or previous word "\C-xq": "\eb\"\ef\"" $endif `$endif' This command, as you saw in the previous example, terminates an `$if' command. `$else' Commands in this branch of the `$if' directive are executed if the test fails.  File: readline.info, Node: Bindable Readline Commands, Next: Readline vi Mode, Prev: Readline Init File, Up: Command Line Editing Bindable Readline Commands ========================== * Menu: * Commands For Moving:: Moving about the line. * Commands For History:: Getting at previous lines. * Commands For Text:: Commands for changing text. * Commands For Killing:: Commands for killing and yanking. * Numeric Arguments:: Specifying numeric arguments, repeat counts. * Commands For Completion:: Getting Readline to do the typing for you. * Keyboard Macros:: Saving and re-executing typed characters * Miscellaneous Commands:: Other miscellaneous commands.  File: readline.info, Node: Commands For Moving, Next: Commands For History, Up: Bindable Readline Commands Commands For Moving ------------------- `beginning-of-line (C-a)' Move to the start of the current line. `end-of-line (C-e)' Move to the end of the line. `forward-char (C-f)' Move forward a character. `backward-char (C-b)' Move back a character. `forward-word (M-f)' Move forward to the end of the next word. Words are composed of letters and digits. `backward-word (M-b)' Move back to the start of this, or the previous, word. Words are composed of letters and digits. `clear-screen (C-l)' Clear the screen and redraw the current line, leaving the current line at the top of the screen. `redraw-current-line ()' Refresh the current line. By default, this is unbound.  File: readline.info, Node: Commands For History, Next: Commands For Text, Prev: Commands For Moving, Up: Bindable Readline Commands Commands For Manipulating The History ------------------------------------- `accept-line (Newline, Return)' Accept the line regardless of where the cursor is. If this line is non-empty, add it to the history list. If this line was a history line, then restore the history line to its original state. `previous-history (C-p)' Move `up' through the history list. `next-history (C-n)' Move `down' through the history list. `beginning-of-history (M-<)' Move to the first line in the history. `end-of-history (M->)' Move to the end of the input history, i.e., the line you are entering. `reverse-search-history (C-r)' Search backward starting at the current line and moving `up' through the history as necessary. This is an incremental search. `forward-search-history (C-s)' Search forward starting at the current line and moving `down' through the the history as necessary. This is an incremental search. `non-incremental-reverse-search-history (M-p)' Search backward starting at the current line and moving `up' through the history as necessary using a non-incremental search for a string supplied by the user. `non-incremental-forward-search-history (M-n)' Search forward starting at the current line and moving `down' through the the history as necessary using a non-incremental search for a string supplied by the user. `history-search-forward ()' Search forward through the history for the string of characters between the start of the current line and the current point. This is a non-incremental search. By default, this command is unbound. `history-search-backward ()' Search backward through the history for the string of characters between the start of the current line and the current point. This is a non-incremental search. By default, this command is unbound. `yank-nth-arg (M-C-y)' Insert the first argument to the previous command (usually the second word on the previous line). With an argument N, insert the Nth word from the previous command (the words in the previous command begin with word 0). A negative argument inserts the Nth word from the end of the previous command. `yank-last-arg (M-., M-_)' Insert last argument to the previous command (the last word on the previous line). With an argument, behave exactly like `yank-nth-arg'.  File: readline.info, Node: Commands For Text, Next: Commands For Killing, Prev: Commands For History, Up: Bindable Readline Commands Commands For Changing Text -------------------------- `delete-char (C-d)' Delete the character under the cursor. If the cursor is at the beginning of the line, there are no characters in the line, and the last character typed was not C-d, then return EOF. `backward-delete-char (Rubout)' Delete the character behind the cursor. A numeric arg says to kill the characters instead of deleting them. `quoted-insert (C-q, C-v)' Add the next character that you type to the line verbatim. This is how to insert key sequences like C-q, for example. `tab-insert (M-TAB)' Insert a tab character. `self-insert (a, b, A, 1, !, ...)' Insert yourself. `transpose-chars (C-t)' Drag the character before the cursor forward over the character at the cursor, moving the cursor forward as well. If the insertion point is at the end of the line, then this transposes the last two characters of the line. Negative argumentss don't work. `transpose-words (M-t)' Drag the word behind the cursor past the word in front of the cursor moving the cursor over that word as well. `upcase-word (M-u)' Uppercase the current (or following) word. With a negative argument, do the previous word, but do not move the cursor. `downcase-word (M-l)' Lowercase the current (or following) word. With a negative argument, do the previous word, but do not move the cursor. `capitalize-word (M-c)' Capitalize the current (or following) word. With a negative argument, do the previous word, but do not move the cursor.  File: readline.info, Node: Commands For Killing, Next: Numeric Arguments, Prev: Commands For Text, Up: Bindable Readline Commands Killing And Yanking ------------------- `kill-line (C-k)' Kill the text from the current cursor position to the end of the line. `backward-kill-line (C-x Rubout)' Kill backward to the beginning of the line. `unix-line-discard (C-u)' Kill backward from the cursor to the beginning of the current line. Save the killed text on the kill-ring. `kill-whole-line ()' Kill all characters on the current line, no matter where the cursor is. By default, this is unbound. `kill-word (M-d)' Kill from the cursor to the end of the current word, or if between words, to the end of the next word. Word boundaries are the same as `forward-word'. `backward-kill-word (M-DEL)' Kill the word behind the cursor. Word boundaries are the same as `backward-word'. `unix-word-rubout (C-w)' Kill the word behind the cursor, using white space as a word boundary. The killed text is saved on the kill-ring. `delete-horizontal-space ()' Delete all spaces and tabs around point. By default, this is unbound. `yank (C-y)' Yank the top of the kill ring into the buffer at the current cursor position. `yank-pop (M-y)' Rotate the kill-ring, and yank the new top. You can only do this if the prior command is yank or yank-pop.  File: readline.info, Node: Numeric Arguments, Next: Commands For Completion, Prev: Commands For Killing, Up: Bindable Readline Commands Specifying Numeric Arguments ---------------------------- `digit-argument (M-0, M-1, ... M--)' Add this digit to the argument already accumulating, or start a new argument. M- starts a negative argument. `universal-argument ()' Each time this is executed, the argument count is multiplied by four. The argument count is initially one, so executing this function the first time makes the argument count four. By default, this is not bound to a key.  File: readline.info, Node: Commands For Completion, Next: Keyboard Macros, Prev: Numeric Arguments, Up: Bindable Readline Commands Letting Readline Type For You ----------------------------- `complete (TAB)' Attempt to do completion on the text before the cursor. This is application-specific. Generally, if you are typing a filename argument, you can do filename completion; if you are typing a command, you can do command completion, if you are typing in a symbol to GDB, you can do symbol name completion, if you are typing in a variable to Bash, you can do variable name completion, and so on. `possible-completions (M-?)' List the possible completions of the text before the cursor. `insert-completions ()' Insert all completions of the text before point that would have been generated by `possible-completions'. By default, this is not bound to a key.  File: readline.info, Node: Keyboard Macros, Next: Miscellaneous Commands, Prev: Commands For Completion, Up: Bindable Readline Commands Keyboard Macros --------------- `start-kbd-macro (C-x ()' Begin saving the characters typed into the current keyboard macro. `end-kbd-macro (C-x ))' Stop saving the characters typed into the current keyboard macro and save the definition. `call-last-kbd-macro (C-x e)' Re-execute the last keyboard macro defined, by making the characters in the macro appear as if typed at the keyboard.  File: readline.info, Node: Miscellaneous Commands, Prev: Keyboard Macros, Up: Bindable Readline Commands Some Miscellaneous Commands --------------------------- `re-read-init-file (C-x C-r)' Read in the contents of your init file, and incorporate any bindings or variable assignments found there. `abort (C-g)' Abort the current editing command and ring the terminal's bell (subject to the setting of `bell-style'). `do-uppercase-version (M-a, M-b, ...)' Run the command that is bound to the corresoponding uppercase character. `prefix-meta (ESC)' Make the next character that you type be metafied. This is for people without a meta key. Typing `ESC f' is equivalent to typing `M-f'. `undo (C-_, C-x C-u)' Incremental undo, separately remembered for each line. `revert-line (M-r)' Undo all changes made to this line. This is like typing the `undo' command enough times to get back to the beginning. `tilde-expand (M-~)' Perform tilde expansion on the current word. `dump-functions ()' Print all of the functions and their key bindings to the readline output stream. If a numeric argument is supplied, the output is formatted in such a way that it can be made part of an INPUTRC file.  File: readline.info, Node: Readline vi Mode, Prev: Bindable Readline Commands, Up: Command Line Editing Readline vi Mode ================ While the Readline library does not have a full set of `vi' editing functions, it does contain enough to allow simple editing of the line. The Readline `vi' mode behaves as specified in the Posix 1003.2 standard. In order to switch interactively between `Emacs' and `Vi' editing modes, use the command M-C-j (toggle-editing-mode). The Readline default is `emacs' mode. When you enter a line in `vi' mode, you are already placed in `insertion' mode, as if you had typed an `i'. Pressing ESC switches you into `command' mode, where you can edit the text of the line with the standard `vi' movement keys, move to previous history lines with `k', and following lines with `j', and so forth. This document describes the GNU Readline Library, a utility for aiding in the consitency of user interface across discrete programs that need to provide a command line interface. Copyright (C) 1988, 1994 Free Software Foundation, Inc. Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of this manual provided the copyright notice and this permission notice pare preserved on all copies. Permission is granted to copy and distribute modified versions of this manual under the conditions for verbatim copying, provided that the entire resulting derived work is distributed under the terms of a permission notice identical to this one. Permission is granted to copy and distribute translations of this manual into another language, under the above conditions for modified versions, except that this permission notice may be stated in a translation approved by the Foundation.  File: readline.info, Node: Programming with GNU Readline, Next: Concept Index, Prev: Command Line Editing, Up: Top Programming with GNU Readline ***************************** This chapter describes the interface between the GNU Readline Library and other programs. If you are a programmer, and you wish to include the features found in GNU Readline such as completion, line editing, and interactive history manipulation in your own programs, this section is for you. * Menu: * Basic Behavior:: Using the default behavior of Readline. * Custom Functions:: Adding your own functions to Readline. * Readline Variables:: Variables accessible to custom functions. * Readline Convenience Functions:: Functions which Readline supplies to aid in writing your own * Custom Completers:: Supplanting or supplementing Readline's completion functions.  File: readline.info, Node: Basic Behavior, Next: Custom Functions, Up: Programming with GNU Readline Basic Behavior ============== Many programs provide a command line interface, such as `mail', `ftp', and `sh'. For such programs, the default behaviour of Readline is sufficient. This section describes how to use Readline in the simplest way possible, perhaps to replace calls in your code to `gets()' or `fgets ()'. The function `readline ()' prints a prompt and then reads and returns a single line of text from the user. The line `readline' returns is allocated with `malloc ()'; you should `free ()' the line when you are done with it. The declaration for `readline' in ANSI C is `char *readline (char *PROMPT);' So, one might say `char *line = readline ("Enter a line: ");' in order to read a line of text from the user. The line returned has the final newline removed, so only the text remains. If `readline' encounters an `EOF' while reading the line, and the line is empty at that point, then `(char *)NULL' is returned. Otherwise, the line is ended just as if a newline had been typed. If you want the user to be able to get at the line later, (with C-p for example), you must call `add_history ()' to save the line away in a "history" list of such lines. `add_history (line)'; For full details on the GNU History Library, see the associated manual. It is preferable to avoid saving empty lines on the history list, since users rarely have a burning need to reuse a blank line. Here is a function which usefully replaces the standard `gets ()' library function, and has the advantage of no static buffer to overflow: /* A static variable for holding the line. */ static char *line_read = (char *)NULL; /* Read a string, and return a pointer to it. Returns NULL on EOF. */ char * rl_gets () { /* If the buffer has already been allocated, return the memory to the free pool. */ if (line_read) { free (line_read); line_read = (char *)NULL; } /* Get a line from the user. */ line_read = readline (""); /* If the line has any text in it, save it on the history. */ if (line_read && *line_read) add_history (line_read); return (line_read); } This function gives the user the default behaviour of TAB completion: completion on file names. If you do not want Readline to complete on filenames, you can change the binding of the TAB key with `rl_bind_key ()'. `int rl_bind_key (int KEY, int (*FUNCTION)());' `rl_bind_key ()' takes two arguments: KEY is the character that you want to bind, and FUNCTION is the address of the function to call when KEY is pressed. Binding TAB to `rl_insert ()' makes TAB insert itself. `rl_bind_key ()' returns non-zero if KEY is not a valid ASCII character code (between 0 and 255). Thus, to disable the default TAB behavior, the following suffices: `rl_bind_key ('\t', rl_insert);' This code should be executed once at the start of your program; you might write a function called `initialize_readline ()' which performs this and other desired initializations, such as installing custom completers (*note Custom Completers::.).  File: readline.info, Node: Custom Functions, Next: Readline Variables, Prev: Basic Behavior, Up: Programming with GNU Readline Custom Functions ================ Readline provides many functions for manipulating the text of the line, but it isn't possible to anticipate the needs of all programs. This section describes the various functions and variables defined within the Readline library which allow a user program to add customized functionality to Readline. * Menu: * The Function Type:: C declarations to make code readable. * Function Writing:: Variables and calling conventions.  File: readline.info, Node: The Function Type, Next: Function Writing, Up: Custom Functions The Function Type ----------------- For readabilty, we declare a new type of object, called "Function". A `Function' is a C function which returns an `int'. The type declaration for `Function' is: `typedef int Function ();' The reason for declaring this new type is to make it easier to write code describing pointers to C functions. Let us say we had a variable called FUNC which was a pointer to a function. Instead of the classic C declaration `int (*)()func;' we may write `Function *func;' Similarly, there are typedef void VFunction (); typedef char *CPFunction (); and typedef char **CPPFunction (); for functions returning no value, `pointer to char', and `pointer to pointer to char', respectively.  File: readline.info, Node: Function Writing, Prev: The Function Type, Up: Custom Functions Writing a New Function ---------------------- In order to write new functions for Readline, you need to know the calling conventions for keyboard-invoked functions, and the names of the variables that describe the current state of the line read so far. The calling sequence for a command `foo' looks like `foo (int count, int key)' where COUNT is the numeric argument (or 1 if defaulted) and KEY is the key that invoked this function. It is completely up to the function as to what should be done with the numeric argument. Some functions use it as a repeat count, some as a flag, and others to choose alternate behavior (refreshing the current line as opposed to refreshing the screen, for example). Some choose to ignore it. In general, if a function uses the numeric argument as a repeat count, it should be able to do something useful with both negative and positive arguments. At the very least, it should be aware that it can be passed a negative argument.  File: readline.info, Node: Readline Variables, Next: Readline Convenience Functions, Prev: Custom Functions, Up: Programming with GNU Readline Readline Variables ================== These variables are available to function writers. - Variable: char * rl_line_buffer This is the line gathered so far. You are welcome to modify the contents of the line, but see *Note Allowing Undoing::. - Variable: int rl_point The offset of the current cursor position in `rl_line_buffer' (the *point*). - Variable: int rl_end The number of characters present in `rl_line_buffer'. When `rl_point' is at the end of the line, `rl_point' and `rl_end' are equal. - Variable: int rl_mark The mark (saved position) in the current line. If set, the mark and point define a *region*. - Variable: int rl_done Setting this to a non-zero value causes Readline to return the current line immediately. - Variable: int rl_pending_input Setting this to a value makes it the next keystroke read. This is a way to stuff a single character into the input stream. - Variable: char * rl_prompt The prompt Readline uses. This is set from the argument to `readline ()', and should not be assigned to directly. - Variable: char * rl_terminal_name The terminal type, used for initialization. - Variable: char * rl_readline_name This variable is set to a unique name by each application using Readline. The value allows conditional parsing of the inputrc file (*note Conditional Init Constructs::.). - Variable: FILE * rl_instream The stdio stream from which Readline reads input. - Variable: FILE * rl_outstream The stdio stream to which Readline performs output. - Variable: Function * rl_startup_hook If non-zero, this is the address of a function to call just before `readline' prints the first prompt. - Variable: Function * rl_event_hook If non-zero, this is the address of a function to call periodically when readline is waiting for terminal input.  File: readline.info, Node: Readline Convenience Functions, Next: Custom Completers, Prev: Readline Variables, Up: Programming with GNU Readline Readline Convenience Functions ============================== * Menu: * Function Naming:: How to give a function you write a name. * Keymaps:: Making keymaps. * Binding Keys:: Changing Keymaps. * Associating Function Names and Bindings:: Translate function names to key sequences. * Allowing Undoing:: How to make your functions undoable. * Redisplay:: Functions to control line display. * Modifying Text:: Functions to modify `rl_line_buffer'. * Utility Functions:: Generally useful functions and hooks.  File: readline.info, Node: Function Naming, Next: Keymaps, Up: Readline Convenience Functions Naming a Function ----------------- The user can dynamically change the bindings of keys while using Readline. This is done by representing the function with a descriptive name. The user is able to type the descriptive name when referring to the function. Thus, in an init file, one might find Meta-Rubout: backward-kill-word This binds the keystroke Meta-Rubout to the function *descriptively* named `backward-kill-word'. You, as the programmer, should bind the functions you write to descriptive names as well. Readline provides a function for doing that: - Function: int rl_add_defun (char *name, Function *function, int key) Add NAME to the list of named functions. Make FUNCTION be the function that gets called. If KEY is not -1, then bind it to FUNCTION using `rl_bind_key ()'. Using this function alone is sufficient for most applications. It is the recommended way to add a few functions to the default functions that Readline has built in. If you need to do something other than adding a function to Readline, you may need to use the underlying functions described below.  File: readline.info, Node: Keymaps, Next: Binding Keys, Prev: Function Naming, Up: Readline Convenience Functions Selecting a Keymap ------------------ Key bindings take place on a "keymap". The keymap is the association between the keys that the user types and the functions that get run. You can make your own keymaps, copy existing keymaps, and tell Readline which keymap to use. - Function: Keymap rl_make_bare_keymap () Returns a new, empty keymap. The space for the keymap is allocated with `malloc ()'; you should `free ()' it when you are done. - Function: Keymap rl_copy_keymap (Keymap map) Return a new keymap which is a copy of MAP. - Function: Keymap rl_make_keymap () Return a new keymap with the printing characters bound to rl_insert, the lowercase Meta characters bound to run their equivalents, and the Meta digits bound to produce numeric arguments. - Function: void rl_discard_keymap (Keymap keymap) Free the storage associated with KEYMAP. Readline has several internal keymaps. These functions allow you to change which keymap is active. - Function: Keymap rl_get_keymap () Returns the currently active keymap. - Function: void rl_set_keymap (Keymap keymap) Makes KEYMAP the currently active keymap. - Function: Keymap rl_get_keymap_by_name (char *name) Return the keymap matching NAME. NAME is one which would be supplied in a `set keymap' inputrc line (*note Readline Init File::.).  File: readline.info, Node: Binding Keys, Next: Associating Function Names and Bindings, Prev: Keymaps, Up: Readline Convenience Functions Binding Keys ------------ You associate keys with functions through the keymap. Readline has several internal keymaps: `emacs_standard_keymap', `emacs_meta_keymap', `emacs_ctlx_keymap', `vi_movement_keymap', and `vi_insertion_keymap'. `emacs_standard_keymap' is the default, and the examples in this manual assume that. These functions manage key bindings. - Function: int rl_bind_key (int key, Function *function) Binds KEY to FUNCTION in the currently active keymap. Returns non-zero in the case of an invalid KEY. - Function: int rl_bind_key_in_map (int key, Function *function, Keymap map) Bind KEY to FUNCTION in MAP. Returns non-zero in the case of an invalid KEY. - Function: int rl_unbind_key (int key) Bind KEY to the null function in the currently active keymap. Returns non-zero in case of error. - Function: int rl_unbind_key_in_map (int key, Keymap map) Bind KEY to the null function in MAP. Returns non-zero in case of error. - Function: int rl_generic_bind (int type, char *keyseq, char *data, Keymap map) Bind the key sequence represented by the string KEYSEQ to the arbitrary pointer DATA. TYPE says what kind of data is pointed to by DATA; this can be a function (`ISFUNC'), a macro (`ISMACR'), or a keymap (`ISKMAP'). This makes new keymaps as necessary. The initial keymap in which to do bindings is MAP. - Function: int rl_parse_and_bind (char *line) Parse LINE as if it had been read from the `inputrc' file and perform any key bindings and variable assignments found (*note Readline Init File::.). - Function: int rl_read_init_file (char *filename) Read keybindings and variable assignments from FILENAME (*note Readline Init File::.).  File: readline.info, Node: Associating Function Names and Bindings, Next: Allowing Undoing, Prev: Binding Keys, Up: Readline Convenience Functions Associating Function Names and Bindings --------------------------------------- These functions allow you to find out what keys invoke named functions and the functions invoked by a particular key sequence. - Function: Function * rl_named_function (char *name) Return the function with name NAME. - Function: Function * rl_function_of_keyseq (char *keyseq, Keymap map, int *type) Return the function invoked by KEYSEQ in keymap MAP. If MAP is NULL, the current keymap is used. If TYPE is not NULL, the type of the object is returned in it (one of `ISFUNC', `ISKMAP', or `ISMACR'). - Function: char ** rl_invoking_keyseqs (Function *function) Return an array of strings representing the key sequences used to invoke FUNCTION in the current keymap. - Function: char ** rl_invoking_keyseqs_in_map (Function *function, Keymap map) Return an array of strings representing the key sequences used to invoke FUNCTION in the keymap MAP. - Function: void rl_function_dumper (int readable) Print the readline function names and the key sequences currently bound to them to `rl_outstream'. If READABLE is non-zero, the list is formatted in such a way that it can be made part of an `inputrc' file and re-read. - Function: void rl_list_funmap_names () Print the names of all bindable Readline functions to `rl_outstream'.  File: readline.info, Node: Allowing Undoing, Next: Redisplay, Prev: Associating Function Names and Bindings, Up: Readline Convenience Functions Allowing Undoing ---------------- Supporting the undo command is a painless thing, and makes your functions much more useful. It is certainly easy to try something if you know you can undo it. I could use an undo function for the stock market. If your function simply inserts text once, or deletes text once, and uses `rl_insert_text ()' or `rl_delete_text ()' to do it, then undoing is already done for you automatically. If you do multiple insertions or multiple deletions, or any combination of these operations, you should group them together into one operation. This is done with `rl_begin_undo_group ()' and `rl_end_undo_group ()'. The types of events that can be undone are: enum undo_code { UNDO_DELETE, UNDO_INSERT, UNDO_BEGIN, UNDO_END }; Notice that `UNDO_DELETE' means to insert some text, and `UNDO_INSERT' means to delete some text. That is, the undo code tells undo what to undo, not how to undo it. `UNDO_BEGIN' and `UNDO_END' are tags added by `rl_begin_undo_group ()' and `rl_end_undo_group ()'. - Function: int rl_begin_undo_group () Begins saving undo information in a group construct. The undo information usually comes from calls to `rl_insert_text ()' and `rl_delete_text ()', but could be the result of calls to `rl_add_undo ()'. - Function: int rl_end_undo_group () Closes the current undo group started with `rl_begin_undo_group ()'. There should be one call to `rl_end_undo_group ()' for each call to `rl_begin_undo_group ()'. - Function: void rl_add_undo (enum undo_code what, int start, int end, char *text) Remember how to undo an event (according to WHAT). The affected text runs from START to END, and encompasses TEXT. - Function: void free_undo_list () Free the existing undo list. - Function: int rl_do_undo () Undo the first thing on the undo list. Returns `0' if there was nothing to undo, non-zero if something was undone. Finally, if you neither insert nor delete text, but directly modify the existing text (e.g., change its case), call `rl_modifying ()' once, just before you modify the text. You must supply the indices of the text range that you are going to modify. - Function: int rl_modifying (int start, int end) Tell Readline to save the text between START and END as a single undo unit. It is assumed that you will subsequently modify that text. bash-1.14.3/lib/readline/doc/readline.info-2 664 436 0 115725 5621067553 16634 0ustar chetwheelThis is Info file readline.info, produced by Makeinfo-1.55 from the input file rlman.texinfo. This document describes the GNU Readline Library, a utility which aids in the consistency of user interface across discrete programs that need to provide a command line interface. Copyright (C) 1988, 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc. Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of this manual provided the copyright notice and this permission notice pare preserved on all copies. Permission is granted to copy and distribute modified versions of this manual under the conditions for verbatim copying, provided that the entire resulting derived work is distributed under the terms of a permission notice identical to this one. Permission is granted to copy and distribute translations of this manual into another language, under the above conditions for modified versions, except that this permission notice may be stated in a translation approved by the Foundation.  File: readline.info, Node: Redisplay, Next: Modifying Text, Prev: Allowing Undoing, Up: Readline Convenience Functions Redisplay --------- - Function: int rl_redisplay () Change what's displayed on the screen to reflect the current contents of `rl_line_buffer'. - Function: int rl_forced_update_display () Force the line to be updated and redisplayed, whether or not Readline thinks the screen display is correct. - Function: int rl_on_new_line () Tell the update routines that we have moved onto a new (empty) line, usually after ouputting a newline. - Function: int rl_reset_line_state () Reset the display state to a clean state and redisplay the current line starting on a new line. - Function: int rl_message (va_alist) The arguments are a string as would be supplied to `printf'. The resulting string is displayed in the "echo area". The echo area is also used to display numeric arguments and search strings. - Function: int rl_clear_message () Clear the message in the echo area.  File: readline.info, Node: Modifying Text, Next: Utility Functions, Prev: Redisplay, Up: Readline Convenience Functions Modifying Text -------------- - Function: int rl_insert_text (char *text) Insert TEXT into the line at the current cursor position. - Function: int rl_delete_text (int start, int end) Delete the text between START and END in the current line. - Function: char * rl_copy_text (int start, int end) Return a copy of the text between START and END in the current line. - Function: int rl_kill_text (int start, int end) Copy the text between START and END in the current line to the kill ring, appending or prepending to the last kill if the last command was a kill command. The text is deleted. If START is less than END, the text is appended, otherwise prepended. If the last command was not a kill, a new kill ring slot is used.  File: readline.info, Node: Utility Functions, Prev: Modifying Text, Up: Readline Convenience Functions Utility Functions ----------------- - Function: int rl_read_key () Return the next character available. This handles input inserted into the input stream via PENDING INPUT (*note Readline Variables::.) and `rl_stuff_char ()', macros, and characters read from the keyboard. - Function: int rl_stuff_char (int c) Insert C into the Readline input stream. It will be "read" before Readline attempts to read characters from the terminal with `rl_read_key ()'. - Function: int rl_initialize () Initialize or re-initialize Readline's internal state. - Function: int rl_reset_terminal (char *terminal_name) Reinitialize Readline's idea of the terminal settings using TERMINAL_NAME as the terminal type (e.g., `vt100'). - Function: int alphabetic (int c) Return 1 if C is an alphabetic character. - Function: int numeric (int c) Return 1 if C is a numeric character. - Function: int ding () Ring the terminal bell, obeying the setting of `bell-style'. The following are implemented as macros, defined in `chartypes.h'. - Function: int uppercase_p (int c) Return 1 if C is an uppercase alphabetic character. - Function: int lowercase_p (int c) Return 1 if C is a lowercase alphabetic character. - Function: int digit_p (int c) Return 1 if C is a numeric character. - Function: int to_upper (int c) If C is a lowercase alphabetic character, return the corresponding uppercase character. - Function: int to_lower (int c) If C is an uppercase alphabetic character, return the corresponding lowercase character. - Function: int digit_value (int c) If C is a number, return the value it represents. An Example ---------- Here is a function which changes lowercase characters to their uppercase equivalents, and uppercase characters to lowercase. If this function was bound to `M-c', then typing `M-c' would change the case of the character under point. Typing `M-1 0 M-c' would change the case of the following 10 characters, leaving the cursor on the last character changed. /* Invert the case of the COUNT following characters. */ int invert_case_line (count, key) int count, key; { register int start, end, i; start = rl_point; if (rl_point >= rl_end) return (0); if (count < 0) { direction = -1; count = -count; } else direction = 1; /* Find the end of the range to modify. */ end = start + (count * direction); /* Force it to be within range. */ if (end > rl_end) end = rl_end; else if (end < 0) end = 0; if (start == end) return (0); if (start > end) { int temp = start; start = end; end = temp; } /* Tell readline that we are modifying the line, so it will save the undo information. */ rl_modifying (start, end); for (i = start; i != end; i++) { if (uppercase_p (rl_line_buffer[i])) rl_line_buffer[i] = to_lower (rl_line_buffer[i]); else if (lowercase_p (rl_line_buffer[i])) rl_line_buffer[i] = to_upper (rl_line_buffer[i]); } /* Move point to on top of the last character changed. */ rl_point = (direction == 1) ? end - 1 : start; return (0); }  File: readline.info, Node: Custom Completers, Prev: Readline Convenience Functions, Up: Programming with GNU Readline Custom Completers ================= Typically, a program that reads commands from the user has a way of disambiguating commands and data. If your program is one of these, then it can provide completion for commands, data, or both. The following sections describe how your program and Readline cooperate to provide this service. * Menu: * How Completing Works:: The logic used to do completion. * Completion Functions:: Functions provided by Readline. * Completion Variables:: Variables which control completion. * A Short Completion Example:: An example of writing completer subroutines.  File: readline.info, Node: How Completing Works, Next: Completion Functions, Up: Custom Completers How Completing Works -------------------- In order to complete some text, the full list of possible completions must be available. That is, it is not possible to accurately expand a partial word without knowing all of the possible words which make sense in that context. The Readline library provides the user interface to completion, and two of the most common completion functions: filename and username. For completing other types of text, you must write your own completion function. This section describes exactly what such functions must do, and provides an example. There are three major functions used to perform completion: 1. The user-interface function `rl_complete ()'. This function is called with the same arguments as other Readline functions intended for interactive use: COUNT and INVOKING_KEY. It isolates the word to be completed and calls `completion_matches ()' to generate a list of possible completions. It then either lists the possible completions, inserts the possible completions, or actually performs the completion, depending on which behavior is desired. 2. The internal function `completion_matches ()' uses your "generator" function to generate the list of possible matches, and then returns the array of these matches. You should place the address of your generator function in `rl_completion_entry_function'. 3. The generator function is called repeatedly from `completion_matches ()', returning a string each time. The arguments to the generator function are TEXT and STATE. TEXT is the partial word to be completed. STATE is zero the first time the function is called, allowing the generator to perform any necessary initialization, and a positive non-zero integer for each subsequent call. When the generator function returns `(char *)NULL' this signals `completion_matches ()' that there are no more possibilities left. Usually the generator function computes the list of possible completions when STATE is zero, and returns them one at a time on subsequent calls. Each string the generator function returns as a match must be allocated with `malloc()'; Readline frees the strings when it has finished with them. - Function: int rl_complete (int ignore, int invoking_key) Complete the word at or before point. You have supplied the function that does the initial simple matching selection algorithm (see `completion_matches ()'). The default is to do filename completion. - Variable: Function * rl_completion_entry_function This is a pointer to the generator function for `completion_matches ()'. If the value of `rl_completion_entry_function' is `(Function *)NULL' then the default filename generator function, `filename_entry_function ()', is used.  File: readline.info, Node: Completion Functions, Next: Completion Variables, Prev: How Completing Works, Up: Custom Completers Completion Functions -------------------- Here is the complete list of callable completion functions present in Readline. - Function: int rl_complete_internal (int what_to_do) Complete the word at or before point. WHAT_TO_DO says what to do with the completion. A value of `?' means list the possible completions. `TAB' means do standard completion. `*' means insert all of the possible completions. `!' means to display all of the possible completions, if there is more than one, as well as performing partial completion. - Function: int rl_complete (int ignore, int invoking_key) Complete the word at or before point. You have supplied the function that does the initial simple matching selection algorithm (see `completion_matches ()' and `rl_completion_entry_function'). The default is to do filename completion. This calls `rl_complete_internal ()' with an argument depending on INVOKING_KEY. - Function: int rl_possible_completions (int count, int invoking_key)) List the possible completions. See description of `rl_complete ()'. This calls `rl_complete_internal ()' with an argument of `?'. - Function: int rl_insert_completions (int count, int invoking_key)) Insert the list of possible completions into the line, deleting the partially-completed word. See description of `rl_complete ()'. This calls `rl_complete_internal ()' with an argument of `*'. - Function: char ** completion_matches (char *text, CPFunction *entry_func) Returns an array of `(char *)' which is a list of completions for TEXT. If there are no completions, returns `(char **)NULL'. The first entry in the returned array is the substitution for TEXT. The remaining entries are the possible completions. The array is terminated with a `NULL' pointer. ENTRY_FUNC is a function of two args, and returns a `(char *)'. The first argument is TEXT. The second is a state argument; it is zero on the first call, and non-zero on subsequent calls. eNTRY_FUNC returns a `NULL' pointer to the caller when there are no more matches. - Function: char * filename_completion_function (char *text, int state) A generator function for filename completion in the general case. Note that completion in Bash is a little different because of all the pathnames that must be followed when looking up completions for a command. The Bash source is a useful reference for writing custom completion functions. - Function: char * username_completion_function (char *text, int state) A completion generator for usernames. TEXT contains a partial username preceded by a random character (usually `~'). As with all completion generators, STATE is zero on the first call and non-zero for subsequent calls.  File: readline.info, Node: Completion Variables, Next: A Short Completion Example, Prev: Completion Functions, Up: Custom Completers Completion Variables -------------------- - Variable: Function * rl_completion_entry_function A pointer to the generator function for `completion_matches ()'. `NULL' means to use `filename_entry_function ()', the default filename completer. - Variable: CPPFunction * rl_attempted_completion_function A pointer to an alternative function to create matches. The function is called with TEXT, START, and END. START and END are indices in `rl_line_buffer' saying what the boundaries of TEXT are. If this function exists and returns `NULL', or if this variable is set to `NULL', then `rl_complete ()' will call the value of `rl_completion_entry_function' to generate matches, otherwise the array of strings returned will be used. - Variable: int rl_completion_query_items Up to this many items will be displayed in response to a possible-completions call. After that, we ask the user if she is sure she wants to see them all. The default value is 100. - Variable: char * rl_basic_word_break_characters The basic list of characters that signal a break between words for the completer routine. The default value of this variable is the characters which break words for completion in Bash, i.e., `" \t\n\"\\'`@$><=;|&{("'. - Variable: char * rl_completer_word_break_characters The list of characters that signal a break between words for `rl_complete_internal ()'. The default list is the value of `rl_basic_word_break_characters'. - Variable: char * rl_completer_quote_characters List of characters which can be used to quote a substring of the line. Completion occurs on the entire substring, and within the substring `rl_completer_word_break_characters' are treated as any other character, unless they also appear within this list. - Variable: char * rl_special_prefixes The list of characters that are word break characters, but should be left in TEXT when it is passed to the completion function. Programs can use this to help determine what kind of completing to do. For instance, Bash sets this variable to "$@" so that it can complete shell variables and hostnames. - Variable: int rl_ignore_completion_duplicates If non-zero, then disallow duplicates in the matches. Default is 1. - Variable: int rl_filename_completion_desired Non-zero means that the results of the matches are to be treated as filenames. This is *always* zero on entry, and can only be changed within a completion entry generator function. If it is set to a non-zero value, directory names have a slash appended and Readline attempts to quote completed filenames if they contain any embedded word break characters. - Variable: int rl_filename_quoting_desired Non-zero means that the results of the matches are to be quoted using double quotes (or an application-specific quoting mechanism) if the completed filename contains any characters in `rl_completer_word_break_chars'. This is *always* non-zero on entry, and can only be changed within a completion entry generator function. - Variable: Function * rl_ignore_some_completions_function This function, if defined, is called by the completer when real filename completion is done, after all the matching names have been generated. It is passed a `NULL' terminated array of matches. The first element (`matches[0]') is the maximal substring common to all matches. This function can re-arrange the list of matches as required, but each element deleted from the array must be freed. - Variable: Function * rl_directory_completion_hook This function, if defined, is allowed to modify the directory portion of filenames Readline completes. It is called with the address of a string (the current directory name) as an argument. It could be used to expand symbolic links or shell variables in pathnames.  File: readline.info, Node: A Short Completion Example, Prev: Completion Variables, Up: Custom Completers A Short Completion Example -------------------------- Here is a small application demonstrating the use of the GNU Readline library. It is called `fileman', and the source code resides in `examples/fileman.c'. This sample application provides completion of command names, line editing features, and access to the history list. /* fileman.c -- A tiny application which demonstrates how to use the GNU Readline library. This application interactively allows users to manipulate files and their modes. */ #include #include #include #include #include #include #include extern char *getwd (); extern char *xmalloc (); /* The names of functions that actually do the manipulation. */ int com_list (), com_view (), com_rename (), com_stat (), com_pwd (); int com_delete (), com_help (), com_cd (), com_quit (); /* A structure which contains information on the commands this program can understand. */ typedef struct { char *name; /* User printable name of the function. */ Function *func; /* Function to call to do the job. */ char *doc; /* Documentation for this function. */ } COMMAND; COMMAND commands[] = { { "cd", com_cd, "Change to directory DIR" }, { "delete", com_delete, "Delete FILE" }, { "help", com_help, "Display this text" }, { "?", com_help, "Synonym for `help'" }, { "list", com_list, "List files in DIR" }, { "ls", com_list, "Synonym for `list'" }, { "pwd", com_pwd, "Print the current working directory" }, { "quit", com_quit, "Quit using Fileman" }, { "rename", com_rename, "Rename FILE to NEWNAME" }, { "stat", com_stat, "Print out statistics on FILE" }, { "view", com_view, "View the contents of FILE" }, { (char *)NULL, (Function *)NULL, (char *)NULL } }; /* Forward declarations. */ char *stripwhite (); COMMAND *find_command (); /* The name of this program, as taken from argv[0]. */ char *progname; /* When non-zero, this global means the user is done using this program. */ int done; char * dupstr (s) int s; { char *r; r = xmalloc (strlen (s) + 1); strcpy (r, s); return (r); } main (argc, argv) int argc; char **argv; { char *line, *s; progname = argv[0]; initialize_readline (); /* Bind our completer. */ /* Loop reading and executing lines until the user quits. */ for ( ; done == 0; ) { line = readline ("FileMan: "); if (!line) break; /* Remove leading and trailing whitespace from the line. Then, if there is anything left, add it to the history list and execute it. */ s = stripwhite (line); if (*s) { add_history (s); execute_line (s); } free (line); } exit (0); } /* Execute a command line. */ int execute_line (line) char *line; { register int i; COMMAND *command; char *word; /* Isolate the command word. */ i = 0; while (line[i] && whitespace (line[i])) i++; word = line + i; while (line[i] && !whitespace (line[i])) i++; if (line[i]) line[i++] = '\0'; command = find_command (word); if (!command) { fprintf (stderr, "%s: No such command for FileMan.\n", word); return (-1); } /* Get argument to command, if any. */ while (whitespace (line[i])) i++; word = line + i; /* Call the function. */ return ((*(command->func)) (word)); } /* Look up NAME as the name of a command, and return a pointer to that command. Return a NULL pointer if NAME isn't a command name. */ COMMAND * find_command (name) char *name; { register int i; for (i = 0; commands[i].name; i++) if (strcmp (name, commands[i].name) == 0) return (&commands[i]); return ((COMMAND *)NULL); } /* Strip whitespace from the start and end of STRING. Return a pointer into STRING. */ char * stripwhite (string) char *string; { register char *s, *t; for (s = string; whitespace (*s); s++) ; if (*s == 0) return (s); t = s + strlen (s) - 1; while (t > s && whitespace (*t)) t--; *++t = '\0'; return s; } /* **************************************************************** */ /* */ /* Interface to Readline Completion */ /* */ /* **************************************************************** */ char *command_generator (); char **fileman_completion (); /* Tell the GNU Readline library how to complete. We want to try to complete on command names if this is the first word in the line, or on filenames if not. */ initialize_readline () { /* Allow conditional parsing of the ~/.inputrc file. */ rl_readline_name = "FileMan"; /* Tell the completer that we want a crack first. */ rl_attempted_completion_function = (CPPFunction *)fileman_completion; } /* Attempt to complete on the contents of TEXT. START and END show the region of TEXT that contains the word to complete. We can use the entire line in case we want to do some simple parsing. Return the array of matches, or NULL if there aren't any. */ char ** fileman_completion (text, start, end) char *text; int start, end; { char **matches; matches = (char **)NULL; /* If this word is at the start of the line, then it is a command to complete. Otherwise it is the name of a file in the current directory. */ if (start == 0) matches = completion_matches (text, command_generator); return (matches); } /* Generator function for command completion. STATE lets us know whether to start from scratch; without any state (i.e. STATE == 0), then we start at the top of the list. */ char * command_generator (text, state) char *text; int state; { static int list_index, len; char *name; /* If this is a new word to complete, initialize now. This includes saving the length of TEXT for efficiency, and initializing the index variable to 0. */ if (!state) { list_index = 0; len = strlen (text); } /* Return the next name which partially matches from the command list. */ while (name = commands[list_index].name) { list_index++; if (strncmp (name, text, len) == 0) return (dupstr(name)); } /* If no names matched, then return NULL. */ return ((char *)NULL); } /* **************************************************************** */ /* */ /* FileMan Commands */ /* */ /* **************************************************************** */ /* String to pass to system (). This is for the LIST, VIEW and RENAME commands. */ static char syscom[1024]; /* List the file(s) named in arg. */ com_list (arg) char *arg; { if (!arg) arg = ""; sprintf (syscom, "ls -FClg %s", arg); return (system (syscom)); } com_view (arg) char *arg; { if (!valid_argument ("view", arg)) return 1; sprintf (syscom, "more %s", arg); return (system (syscom)); } com_rename (arg) char *arg; { too_dangerous ("rename"); return (1); } com_stat (arg) char *arg; { struct stat finfo; if (!valid_argument ("stat", arg)) return (1); if (stat (arg, &finfo) == -1) { perror (arg); return (1); } printf ("Statistics for `%s':\n", arg); printf ("%s has %d link%s, and is %d byte%s in length.\n", arg, finfo.st_nlink, (finfo.st_nlink == 1) ? "" : "s", finfo.st_size, (finfo.st_size == 1) ? "" : "s"); printf ("Inode Last Change at: %s", ctime (&finfo.st_ctime)); printf (" Last access at: %s", ctime (&finfo.st_atime)); printf (" Last modified at: %s", ctime (&finfo.st_mtime)); return (0); } com_delete (arg) char *arg; { too_dangerous ("delete"); return (1); } /* Print out help for ARG, or for all of the commands if ARG is not present. */ com_help (arg) char *arg; { register int i; int printed = 0; for (i = 0; commands[i].name; i++) { if (!*arg || (strcmp (arg, commands[i].name) == 0)) { printf ("%s\t\t%s.\n", commands[i].name, commands[i].doc); printed++; } } if (!printed) { printf ("No commands match `%s'. Possibilties are:\n", arg); for (i = 0; commands[i].name; i++) { /* Print in six columns. */ if (printed == 6) { printed = 0; printf ("\n"); } printf ("%s\t", commands[i].name); printed++; } if (printed) printf ("\n"); } return (0); } /* Change to the directory ARG. */ com_cd (arg) char *arg; { if (chdir (arg) == -1) { perror (arg); return 1; } com_pwd (""); return (0); } /* Print out the current working directory. */ com_pwd (ignore) char *ignore; { char dir[1024], *s; s = getwd (dir); if (s == 0) { printf ("Error getting pwd: %s\n", dir); return 1; } printf ("Current directory is %s\n", dir); return 0; } /* The user wishes to quit using this program. Just set DONE non-zero. */ com_quit (arg) char *arg; { done = 1; return (0); } /* Function which tells you that you can't do this. */ too_dangerous (caller) char *caller; { fprintf (stderr, "%s: Too dangerous for me to distribute. Write it yourself.\n", caller); } /* Return non-zero if ARG is a valid argument for CALLER, else print an error message and return zero. */ int valid_argument (caller, arg) char *caller, *arg; { if (!arg || !*arg) { fprintf (stderr, "%s: Argument required.\n", caller); return (0); } return (1); }  File: readline.info, Node: Concept Index, Next: Function and Variable Index, Prev: Programming with GNU Readline, Up: Top Concept Index ************* * Menu: * interaction, readline: Readline Interaction. * Kill ring: Readline Killing Commands. * Killing text: Readline Killing Commands. * readline, function: Basic Behavior. * Yanking text: Readline Killing Commands.  File: readline.info, Node: Function and Variable Index, Prev: Concept Index, Up: Top Function and Variable Index *************************** * Menu: * $else: Conditional Init Constructs. * $endif: Conditional Init Constructs. * $if: Conditional Init Constructs. * abort (C-g): Miscellaneous Commands. * accept-line (Newline, Return): Commands For History. * alphabetic: Utility Functions. * backward-char (C-b): Commands For Moving. * backward-delete-char (Rubout): Commands For Text. * backward-kill-line (C-x Rubout): Commands For Killing. * backward-kill-word (M-DEL): Commands For Killing. * backward-word (M-b): Commands For Moving. * beginning-of-history (M-<): Commands For History. * beginning-of-line (C-a): Commands For Moving. * bell-style: Readline Init Syntax. * call-last-kbd-macro (C-x e): Keyboard Macros. * capitalize-word (M-c): Commands For Text. * clear-screen (C-l): Commands For Moving. * comment-begin: Readline Init Syntax. * complete (TAB): Commands For Completion. * completion-query-items: Readline Init Syntax. * completion_matches: Completion Functions. * convert-meta: Readline Init Syntax. * delete-char (C-d): Commands For Text. * delete-horizontal-space (): Commands For Killing. * digit-argument (M-0, M-1, ... M-): Numeric Arguments. * digit_p: Utility Functions. * digit_value: Utility Functions. * ding: Utility Functions. * do-uppercase-version (M-a, M-b, ...): Miscellaneous Commands. * downcase-word (M-l): Commands For Text. * dump-functions (): Miscellaneous Commands. * editing-mode: Readline Init Syntax. * end-kbd-macro (C-x )): Keyboard Macros. * end-of-history (M->): Commands For History. * end-of-line (C-e): Commands For Moving. * expand-tilde: Readline Init Syntax. * filename_completion_function: Completion Functions. * forward-char (C-f): Commands For Moving. * forward-search-history (C-s): Commands For History. * forward-word (M-f): Commands For Moving. * free_undo_list: Allowing Undoing. * history-search-backward (): Commands For History. * history-search-forward (): Commands For History. * horizontal-scroll-mode: Readline Init Syntax. * insert-completions (): Commands For Completion. * keymap: Readline Init Syntax. * kill-line (C-k): Commands For Killing. * kill-whole-line (): Commands For Killing. * kill-word (M-d): Commands For Killing. * lowercase_p: Utility Functions. * mark-modified-lines: Readline Init Syntax. * meta-flag: Readline Init Syntax. * next-history (C-n): Commands For History. * non-incremental-forward-search-history (M-n): Commands For History. * non-incremental-reverse-search-history (M-p): Commands For History. * numeric: Utility Functions. * output-meta: Readline Init Syntax. * possible-completions (M-?): Commands For Completion. * prefix-meta (ESC): Miscellaneous Commands. * previous-history (C-p): Commands For History. * quoted-insert (C-q, C-v): Commands For Text. * re-read-init-file (C-x C-r): Miscellaneous Commands. * readline: Basic Behavior. * redraw-current-line (): Commands For Moving. * reverse-search-history (C-r): Commands For History. * revert-line (M-r): Miscellaneous Commands. * rl_add_defun: Function Naming. * rl_add_undo: Allowing Undoing. * rl_attempted_completion_function: Completion Variables. * rl_basic_word_break_characters: Completion Variables. * rl_begin_undo_group: Allowing Undoing. * rl_bind_key: Binding Keys. * rl_bind_key_in_map: Binding Keys. * rl_clear_message: Redisplay. * rl_complete: How Completing Works. * rl_complete: Completion Functions. * rl_completer_quote_characters: Completion Variables. * rl_completer_word_break_characters: Completion Variables. * rl_complete_internal: Completion Functions. * rl_completion_entry_function: Completion Variables. * rl_completion_entry_function: How Completing Works. * rl_completion_query_items: Completion Variables. * rl_copy_keymap: Keymaps. * rl_copy_text: Modifying Text. * rl_delete_text: Modifying Text. * rl_directory_completion_hook: Completion Variables. * rl_discard_keymap: Keymaps. * rl_done: Readline Variables. * rl_do_undo: Allowing Undoing. * rl_end: Readline Variables. * rl_end_undo_group: Allowing Undoing. * rl_event_hook: Readline Variables. * rl_filename_completion_desired: Completion Variables. * rl_filename_quoting_desired: Completion Variables. * rl_forced_update_display: Redisplay. * rl_function_dumper: Associating Function Names and Bindings. * rl_function_of_keyseq: Associating Function Names and Bindings. * rl_generic_bind: Binding Keys. * rl_get_keymap: Keymaps. * rl_get_keymap_by_name: Keymaps. * rl_ignore_completion_duplicates: Completion Variables. * rl_ignore_some_completions_function: Completion Variables. * rl_initialize: Utility Functions. * rl_insert_completions: Completion Functions. * rl_insert_text: Modifying Text. * rl_instream: Readline Variables. * rl_invoking_keyseqs: Associating Function Names and Bindings. * rl_invoking_keyseqs_in_map: Associating Function Names and Bindings. * rl_kill_text: Modifying Text. * rl_line_buffer: Readline Variables. * rl_list_funmap_names: Associating Function Names and Bindings. * rl_make_bare_keymap: Keymaps. * rl_make_keymap: Keymaps. * rl_mark: Readline Variables. * rl_message: Redisplay. * rl_modifying: Allowing Undoing. * rl_named_function: Associating Function Names and Bindings. * rl_on_new_line: Redisplay. * rl_outstream: Readline Variables. * rl_parse_and_bind: Binding Keys. * rl_pending_input: Readline Variables. * rl_point: Readline Variables. * rl_possible_completions: Completion Functions. * rl_prompt: Readline Variables. * rl_readline_name: Readline Variables. * rl_read_init_file: Binding Keys. * rl_read_key: Utility Functions. * rl_redisplay: Redisplay. * rl_reset_line_state: Redisplay. * rl_reset_terminal: Utility Functions. * rl_set_keymap: Keymaps. * rl_special_prefixes: Completion Variables. * rl_startup_hook: Readline Variables. * rl_stuff_char: Utility Functions. * rl_terminal_name: Readline Variables. * rl_unbind_key: Binding Keys. * rl_unbind_key_in_map: Binding Keys. * self-insert (a, b, A, 1, !, ...): Commands For Text. * show-all-if-ambiguous: Readline Init Syntax. * start-kbd-macro (C-x (): Keyboard Macros. * tab-insert (M-TAB): Commands For Text. * tilde-expand (M-~): Miscellaneous Commands. * to_lower: Utility Functions. * to_upper: Utility Functions. * transpose-chars (C-t): Commands For Text. * transpose-words (M-t): Commands For Text. * undo (C-_, C-x C-u): Miscellaneous Commands. * universal-argument (): Numeric Arguments. * unix-line-discard (C-u): Commands For Killing. * unix-word-rubout (C-w): Commands For Killing. * upcase-word (M-u): Commands For Text. * uppercase_p: Utility Functions. * username_completion_function: Completion Functions. * yank (C-y): Commands For Killing. * yank-last-arg (M-., M-_): Commands For History. * yank-nth-arg (M-C-y): Commands For History. * yank-pop (M-y): Commands For Killing. bash-1.14.3/lib/readline/doc/history.ps 664 436 0 446135 5617760742 16111 0ustar chetwheel%!PS-Adobe-2.0 %%Creator: dvipsk 5.490s Copyright 1986, 1992 Radical Eye Software %%Title: history.dvi %%Pages: 22 1 %%BoundingBox: 0 0 612 792 %%EndComments %DVIPSCommandLine: dvips -D 300 -o history.ps history.dvi %%BeginProcSet: tex.pro %! /TeXDict 250 dict def TeXDict begin /N{def}def /B{bind def}N /S{exch}N /X{S N} B /TR{translate}N /isls false N /vsize 11 72 mul N /@rigin{isls{[0 -1 1 0 0 0] concat}if 72 Resolution div 72 VResolution div neg scale isls{Resolution hsize -72 div mul 0 TR}if Resolution VResolution vsize -72 div 1 add mul TR matrix currentmatrix dup dup 4 get round 4 exch put dup dup 5 get round 5 exch put setmatrix}N /@landscape{/isls true N}B /@manualfeed{statusdict /manualfeed true put}B /@copies{/#copies X}B /FMat[1 0 0 -1 0 0]N /FBB[0 0 0 0]N /nn 0 N /IE 0 N /ctr 0 N /df-tail{/nn 8 dict N nn begin /FontType 3 N /FontMatrix fntrx N /FontBBox FBB N string /base X array /BitMaps X /BuildChar{ CharBuilder}N /Encoding IE N end dup{/foo setfont}2 array copy cvx N load 0 nn put /ctr 0 N[}B /df{/sf 1 N /fntrx FMat N df-tail}B /dfs{div /sf X /fntrx[sf 0 0 sf neg 0 0]N df-tail}B /E{pop nn dup definefont setfont}B /ch-width{ch-data dup length 5 sub get}B /ch-height{ch-data dup length 4 sub get}B /ch-xoff{128 ch-data dup length 3 sub get sub}B /ch-yoff{ch-data dup length 2 sub get 127 sub}B /ch-dx{ch-data dup length 1 sub get}B /ch-image{ch-data dup type /stringtype ne{ctr get /ctr ctr 1 add N}if}B /id 0 N /rw 0 N /rc 0 N /gp 0 N /cp 0 N /G 0 N /sf 0 N /CharBuilder{save 3 1 roll S dup /base get 2 index get S /BitMaps get S get /ch-data X pop /ctr 0 N ch-dx 0 ch-xoff ch-yoff ch-height sub ch-xoff ch-width add ch-yoff setcachedevice ch-width ch-height true[1 0 0 -1 -.1 ch-xoff sub ch-yoff .1 add]{ch-image}imagemask restore}B /D{/cc X dup type /stringtype ne{]}if nn /base get cc ctr put nn /BitMaps get S ctr S sf 1 ne{dup dup length 1 sub dup 2 index S get sf div put}if put /ctr ctr 1 add N} B /I{cc 1 add D}B /bop{userdict /bop-hook known{bop-hook}if /SI save N @rigin 0 0 moveto /V matrix currentmatrix dup 1 get dup mul exch 0 get dup mul add .99 lt{/FV}{/RV}ifelse load def pop}N /eop{SI restore showpage userdict /eop-hook known{eop-hook}if}N /@start{userdict /start-hook known{start-hook} if /VResolution X /Resolution X 1000 div /DVImag X /IE 256 array N 0 1 255{IE S 1 string dup 0 3 index put cvn put}for 65781.76 div /vsize X 65781.76 div /hsize X}N /p{show}N /RMat[1 0 0 -1 0 0]N /BDot 260 string N /rulex 0 N /ruley 0 N /v{/ruley X /rulex X V}B /V{}B /RV statusdict begin /product where{pop product dup length 7 ge{0 7 getinterval dup(Display)eq exch 0 4 getinterval (NeXT)eq or}{pop false}ifelse}{false}ifelse end{{gsave TR -.1 -.1 TR 1 1 scale rulex ruley false RMat{BDot}imagemask grestore}}{{gsave TR -.1 -.1 TR rulex ruley scale 1 1 false RMat{BDot}imagemask grestore}}ifelse B /FV{gsave transform round exch round exch itransform moveto rulex 0 rlineto 0 ruley neg rlineto rulex neg 0 rlineto fill grestore}B /a{moveto}B /delta 0 N /tail{dup /delta X 0 rmoveto}B /M{S p delta add tail}B /b{S p tail}B /c{-4 M}B /d{-3 M} B /e{-2 M}B /f{-1 M}B /g{0 M}B /h{1 M}B /i{2 M}B /j{3 M}B /k{4 M}B /w{0 rmoveto}B /l{p -4 w}B /m{p -3 w}B /n{p -2 w}B /o{p -1 w}B /q{p 1 w}B /r{p 2 w} B /s{p 3 w}B /t{p 4 w}B /x{0 S rmoveto}B /y{3 2 roll p a}B /bos{/SS save N}B /eos{SS restore}B end %%EndProcSet TeXDict begin 40258431 52099146 1000 300 300 @start /Fa 1 59 df<70F8F8F87005057C840D>58 D E /Fb 1 59 df<78FCFCFCFC7806067B8510>58 D E /Fc 24 123 df<1FC0007FF000707800201800001C00001C0007FC001FFC003C1C00701C00 E01C00E01C00E01C00707C003FFF800F8F8011107E8F14>97 DI<03F80FFC1C1C380870006000E000E0 00E000E00060007000380E1C1E0FFC03F00F107E8F14>I<007E00007E00000E00000E00000E00 000E00000E0007CE000FFE001C3E00301E00700E00E00E00E00E00E00E00E00E00E00E00E00E00 700E00301E00383E001FEFC007CFC012177F9614>I<07E00FF01C38301C700CE00EE00EFFFEFF FEE00060007000380E1C1E0FFC03F00F107E8F14>I<007C00FE01CE03840380038003807FFEFF FE0380038003800380038003800380038003800380038003807FFC7FFC0F177F9614>I<07CF00 1FFF80383B80301800701C00701C00701C003018003838003FF00037C0007000007000003FF800 1FFC003FFE00700F00E00380E00380E00380E003807007003C1E001FFC0007F00011197F8F14> II<03 0007800780030000000000000000007F807F800380038003800380038003800380038003800380 03800380FFFCFFFC0E187D9714>I107 DIII<07C01FF03C78701C701CE00EE00EE00EE0 0EE00EE00E701C783C3C781FF007C00F107E8F14>II 114 D<0FD83FF86038C038C038F0007F803FF007F8001C6006E006F006F81CFFF8CFE00F107E8F 14>I<030007000700070007007FFCFFFC07000700070007000700070007000700070E070E070E 070C03FC00F00F157F9414>IIII<7E3F007E3F001E38000E780007700007E0 0003E00001C00003C00003E0000770000E78000E38001C1C00FE3F80FE3F8011107F8F14>II< 3FFF7FFF700E701C7038007000E001C0038007000E001C0738077007FFFFFFFF10107F8F14>I E /Fd 1 59 df<60F0F06004047D830B>58 D E /Fe 25 122 df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f 2 42 df<007000E001C00380078007000E001E001E003C003C003C0078007800780078007000F000F0 00F000F000F000F000F000F000F000F000F000F000700078007800780078003C003C003C001E00 1E000E0007000780038001C000E000700C2E7EA112>40 DI E /Fg 25 123 df<0007F800007FFC0001FC0E0003F01F0007E03F000FC03F000F C03F000FC03F000FC01E000FC00C000FC000000FC000000FC0FF80FFFFFF80FFFFFF800FC01F80 0FC01F800FC01F800FC01F800FC01F800FC01F800FC01F800FC01F800FC01F800FC01F800FC01F 800FC01F800FC01F800FC01F800FC01F800FC01F800FC01F800FC01F807FF8FFF07FF8FFF01C23 7FA220>12 D<000FFF80007FFF8001FC1F8003F03F8007E03F800FC03F800FC01F800FC01F800F C01F800FC01F800FC01F800FC01F800FC01F80FFFFFF80FFFFFF800FC01F800FC01F800FC01F80 0FC01F800FC01F800FC01F800FC01F800FC01F800FC01F800FC01F800FC01F800FC01F800FC01F 800FC01F800FC01F800FC01F800FC01F800FC01F807FF8FFF07FF8FFF01C237FA220>I<07FE00 001FFF80003F07E0003F03F0003F01F0003F01F8001E01F8000001F8000001F800003FF80003FD F8001F81F8003E01F8007C01F800F801F800F801F800F801F800F801F8007C02F8007E0CF8001F F87F8007E03F8019167E951C>97 DI<00FF8007FFE00F83F01F03F03E03F07E03F07C01E07C0000FC0000FC0000FC0000 FC0000FC0000FC00007C00007E00007E00003F00301F00600FC0E007FF8000FE0014167E9519> I<0001FF000001FF0000003F0000003F0000003F0000003F0000003F0000003F0000003F000000 3F0000003F0000003F0000003F0000FE3F0007FFBF000FC1FF001F007F003E003F007E003F007C 003F007C003F00FC003F00FC003F00FC003F00FC003F00FC003F00FC003F00FC003F007C003F00 7E003F003E003F001F007F000F81FF0007FF3FE001FC3FE01B237EA220>I<00FE0007FF800F83 C01F01E03E00F07E00F07C00F87C0078FC0078FFFFF8FFFFF8FC0000FC0000FC00007C00007C00 003E00183E00181F00300F80E003FFC000FF0015167E951A>I<00FE0F8003FF9FC00F83E3C01F 01F3C01E00F0003E00F8003E00F8003E00F8003E00F8003E00F8001E00F0001F01F0000F83E000 0BFF800008FE000018000000180000001C0000001FFFE0001FFFFC000FFFFF0007FFFF001FFFFF 807C001FC078000FC0F80007C0F80007C0F80007C07C000F803E001F001F807E000FFFFC0001FF E0001A217F951D>103 DI<1E003F007F807F807F807F803F001E00000000000000000000000000FF80FF801F801F801F 801F801F801F801F801F801F801F801F801F801F801F801F801F801F801F80FFF0FFF00C247EA3 0F>I107 DI< FF03F803F800FF0FFE0FFE001F183F183F001F201F201F001F401FC01F801F401FC01F801F801F 801F801F801F801F801F801F801F801F801F801F801F801F801F801F801F801F801F801F801F80 1F801F801F801F801F801F801F801F801F801F801F801F801F801F801F801F801F801F801F801F 801F80FFF0FFF0FFF0FFF0FFF0FFF02C167D9531>II< 00FF0007FFE00F81F01F00F83E007C7C003E7C003E7C003EFC003FFC003FFC003FFC003FFC003F FC003FFC003F7C003E7E007E3E007C1F00F80F81F007FFE000FF0018167E951D>II114 D<07F9801FFF80380780700380F00180F00180F80000FF0000FFF8007FFE 003FFF001FFF8007FF80003FC0C007C0C003C0E003C0E003C0F00380FC0F00EFFE00C3F8001216 7E9517>I<00C00000C00000C00000C00001C00001C00003C00007C0000FC0001FC000FFFF00FF FF000FC0000FC0000FC0000FC0000FC0000FC0000FC0000FC0000FC0000FC0000FC0000FC1800F C1800FC1800FC1800FC18007C18007E30003FE0000FC0011207F9F16>IIIIII<7FFFE07FFFE0780FC0701FC0601F80E03F00 C07F00C07E00C0FC0001FC0001F80003F00007F03007E0300FC0301FC0701F80703F00607F00E0 7E03E0FFFFE0FFFFE014167E9519>I E /Fh 22 119 df<00E00000E00000E00000E00040E040 F0E1E0F8E3E07EEFC01FFF0007FC0003F80007FC001FFF007EEFC0F8E3E0F0E1E040E04000E000 00E00000E00000E00013157D991A>42 D<003800007C00007C00006C0000EE0000EE0000EE0000 EE0000C60001C70001C70001C70001C7000383800383800383800383800783C00701C007FFC007 FFC007FFC00E00E00E00E00E00E00E00E01C00707F83FCFF83FE7F83FC171E7F9D1A>65 D<7FFFFCFFFFFC7FFFFC0E001C0E001C0E001C0E001C0E001C0E00000E00000E07000E07000E07 000FFF000FFF000FFF000E07000E07000E07000E00000E00000E00000E000E0E000E0E000E0E00 0E0E000E7FFFFEFFFFFE7FFFFE171E7F9D1A>69 D 72 DI78 D<0FFE003FFF807FFFC07C07C07001C0F001E0E000E0E000E0E000E0E000E0E000E0E000E0 E000E0E000E0E000E0E000E0E000E0E000E0E000E0E000E0E000E0E000E0E000E0F001E0F001E0 7001C07C07C07FFFC03FFF800FFE00131E7D9D1A>I82 D<03F1C00FFDC03FFFC07C0FC07003C0E003C0E001C0E001C0E001C0E00000700000780000 3F00001FF00007FE0000FF00000F800003C00001C00000E00000E06000E0E000E0E000E0E001C0 F001C0FC0780FFFF80EFFE00E3F800131E7D9D1A>I<7FFFFEFFFFFEFFFFFEE0380EE0380EE038 0EE0380EE0380E0038000038000038000038000038000038000038000038000038000038000038 0000380000380000380000380000380000380000380000380003FF8007FFC003FF80171E7F9D1A >I89 D<7FFFC0FFFFE0FFFFE07FFFC013047D7E1A >95 D<1FF0003FFC007FFE00780F00300700000380000380007F8007FF801FFF803F8380780380 700380E00380E00380E00380700780780F803FFFFC1FFDFC07F0FC16157D941A>97 D<00FF8003FFC00FFFE01F01E03C00C0780000700000700000E00000E00000E00000E00000E000 007000007000007800703C00701F01F00FFFE003FFC000FE0014157D941A>99 D<001FC0001FC0001FC00001C00001C00001C00001C00001C00001C001F1C007FDC00FFFC01E0F C03C07C07803C07001C0E001C0E001C0E001C0E001C0E001C0E001C0E001C07003C07003C03807 C03E0FC01FFFFC07FDFC01F1FC161E7E9D1A>I 104 D<01C00003E00003E00003E00001C0000000000000000000000000000000007FE000FFE000 7FE00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E000 00E00000E00000E000FFFFC0FFFFC0FFFFC0121F7C9E1A>I110 D<01F00007FC001FFF003E0F803C07807803C07001 C0E000E0E000E0E000E0E000E0E000E0E000E0F001E07001C07803C03C07803E0F801FFF0007FC 0001F00013157D941A>I114 D<00C00001C00001C00001C00001C00001C00001C0007FFFE0FFFFE0FFFFE001C00001 C00001C00001C00001C00001C00001C00001C00001C00001C00001C07001C07001C07001C07000 E0E000FFE0007FC0001F00141C7F9B1A>116 D<7FC7FCFFC7FE7FC7FC0E00E00E00E00F01E007 01C00701C00783C003838003838003838001C70001C70001C70000EE0000EE0000EE00007C0000 7C0000380017157F941A>118 D E /Fi 41 123 df<0003FC00003FFE00007E070001F80F8003 F01F8003E01F8007E01F8007E01F8007E01F8007E0060007E0000007E0000007E0000007E0FFC0 FFFFFFC0FFFFFFC007E00FC007E00FC007E00FC007E00FC007E00FC007E00FC007E00FC007E00F C007E00FC007E00FC007E00FC007E00FC007E00FC007E00FC007E00FC007E00FC007E00FC007E0 0FC007E00FC007E00FC07FFC7FFC7FFC7FFC1E267FA522>12 D<3C7EFFFFFFFF7E3C08087C8711 >46 D<001C00003C0000FC00FFFC00FFFC0000FC0000FC0000FC0000FC0000FC0000FC0000FC00 00FC0000FC0000FC0000FC0000FC0000FC0000FC0000FC0000FC0000FC0000FC0000FC0000FC00 00FC0000FC0000FC0000FC0000FC0000FC0000FC0000FC007FFFFC7FFFFC16237CA21F>49 D<01FF0007FFC01E07F03803F86001FC7C00FEFE00FEFE00FFFE007FFE007F7C007F3800FF0000 FF0000FE0000FE0001FC0001F80003F00007E0000780000F00001E00003C0000700000E00301C0 030380070700060600060FFFFE1FFFFE3FFFFE7FFFFCFFFFFCFFFFFC18237DA21F>I<01FF0007 FFE01E03F03801F83C01FC7E00FE7E00FE7E00FE3E00FE1C01FE0001FC0001FC0003F80007F000 0FC001FF0001FF000007E00001F00001F80000FC0000FE0000FF0000FF1000FF7C00FFFE00FFFE 00FFFE00FEFE00FE7C01FC7001F83E07F00FFFC001FF0018237DA21F>I<000038000000780000 0078000000F8000001F8000003F8000007F8000006F800000CF800001CF8000038F8000030F800 0060F80000E0F80001C0F8000180F8000300F8000700F8000E00F8001C00F8001800F8003000F8 007000F800E000F800FFFFFFC0FFFFFFC00001F8000001F8000001F8000001F8000001F8000001 F8000001F800007FFFC0007FFFC01A237EA21F>I<18000C1F007C1FFFF81FFFF01FFFE01FFFC0 1FFF801FFE0018000018000018000018000018000018FF001BFFE01F01F01C00F80800FC00007E 00007E00007E00007F00007F78007FFC007FFC007FFC007FFC007EF8007E6000FC7000FC3801F8 1E07E007FFC001FE0018237DA21F>I<001FC0007FF001F83803E00C07803E0F807E1F007E3F00 7E3F007E7E003C7E00007E00007E0000FE3FC0FE7FF0FE80F8FF80FCFF007CFF007EFE007EFE00 7FFE007FFE007FFE007F7E007F7E007F7E007F7E007F3E007E3F007E1F007C0F80F807C1F003FF C0007F0018237DA21F>I<300000003C0000003FFFFFC03FFFFFC03FFFFF807FFFFF007FFFFE00 7FFFFC006000180060001800E0003000C0006000C000C000000180000001800000030000000700 0000060000000E0000001E0000001E0000001E0000003C0000003C0000007C0000007C0000007C 0000007C000000FC000000FC000000FC000000FC000000FC000000FC000000FC00000078000000 3000001A257DA41F>I<00001C00000000001C00000000003E00000000003E00000000003E0000 0000007F00000000007F0000000000FF8000000000FF8000000000FF80000000019FC000000001 9FC0000000031FE0000000030FE0000000030FE00000000607F00000000607F00000000C07F800 00000C03F80000001C03FC0000001801FC0000001801FC0000003001FE0000003000FE0000007F FFFF0000007FFFFF00000060007F000000C0007F800000C0003F800001C0003FC0000180001FC0 000180001FC0000300000FE0000300000FE0000780000FF000FFF801FFFF80FFF801FFFF802925 7EA42E>65 D 68 DI< FFFFFFFE00FFFFFFFE0003F800FE0003F8001F0003F8000F0003F800070003F800070003F80003 0003F800030003F800030003F800018003F806018003F806018003F806000003F806000003F80E 000003F81E000003FFFE000003FFFE000003F81E000003F80E000003F806000003F806000003F8 06000003F806000003F800000003F800000003F800000003F800000003F800000003F800000003 F800000003F800000003F800000003F8000000FFFFF00000FFFFF0000021257EA427>I72 DI 76 DI<00FF0080 07FFE3800F80F7801E001F803C000F807800078078000380F8000380F8000180F8000180FC0001 80FC000000FF0000007FE000007FFF00003FFFE0003FFFF8001FFFFE0007FFFF0003FFFF80007F FF800003FFC000003FC000000FE0000007E0000007E0C00003E0C00003E0C00003E0C00003C0E0 0003C0F00007C0F8000780FC000F00FFC03E00E3FFF800803FE0001B257DA422>83 D87 D<07FF00001FFFC0003E03E0003F01F0003F01F8003F00FC001E00FC000000FC000000FC000000 FC00003FFC0003FCFC000FC0FC003F00FC007E00FC007E00FC00FC00FC00FC00FC00FC00FC00FC 017C007E017C003F067C001FFC3FE007F01FE01B187E971E>97 DI<007FE003FFF807C07C 1F80FC1F00FC3F00FC7E00787E0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000 7E00007F00003F000C1F800C1FC01807E07003FFE0007F0016187E971B>I<0001FF800001FF80 00001F8000001F8000001F8000001F8000001F8000001F8000001F8000001F8000001F8000001F 8000001F8000001F80007F1F8003FFDF8007E0FF801F803F803F001F803F001F807E001F807E00 1F80FE001F80FE001F80FE001F80FE001F80FE001F80FE001F80FE001F80FE001F807E001F807E 001F803F001F803F003F801F807F800FC0FF8003FF9FF800FE1FF81D267EA522>I<007F0003FF C007C1F00F80F81F00F83F007C7E007C7E007EFE007EFE007EFFFFFEFFFFFEFE0000FE0000FE00 007E00007E00007E00063F00061F000C0F801807E07003FFE0007F8017187E971C>I<000FC000 7FF000F8F001F1F803F1F803E1F807E0F007E00007E00007E00007E00007E00007E00007E000FF FF00FFFF0007E00007E00007E00007E00007E00007E00007E00007E00007E00007E00007E00007 E00007E00007E00007E00007E00007E00007E00007E00007E0007FFF007FFF0015267EA513>I< 01FF07C007FFDFE00F83F1E01F01F1E03E00F8007E00FC007E00FC007E00FC007E00FC007E00FC 007E00FC003E00F8001F01F0000F83E0000FFFC00011FF00003000000030000000380000003C00 00003FFFE0001FFFFC001FFFFE000FFFFF001FFFFF803C003F8078000FC0F80007C0F80007C0F8 0007C0F80007C07C000F803E001F001F807E0007FFF80000FFC0001B247E971F>II<0F00 1F803FC03FC03FC03FC01F800F000000000000000000000000000000FFC0FFC00FC00FC00FC00F C00FC00FC00FC00FC00FC00FC00FC00FC00FC00FC00FC00FC00FC00FC00FC00FC0FFF8FFF80D27 7EA611>I108 DII<007F800003FFF0 0007C0F8001F807E003F003F003F003F007E001F807E001F80FE001FC0FE001FC0FE001FC0FE00 1FC0FE001FC0FE001FC0FE001FC0FE001FC07E001F807E001F803F003F003F003F001F807E000F C0FC0003FFF000007F80001A187E971F>II114 D<07F9801FFF803C0F80700380F00180F00180F00180FC0000FF8000 7FFC007FFE003FFF800FFFC003FFC0001FE00003E0C001E0C001E0E001E0E001C0F003C0FC0780 EFFF00C3FC0013187E9718>I<00600000600000600000600000E00000E00001E00001E00003E0 0007E0001FE000FFFFC0FFFFC007E00007E00007E00007E00007E00007E00007E00007E00007E0 0007E00007E00007E00007E06007E06007E06007E06007E06007E06003E0C003F0C001FF80007E 0013237FA218>III120 DI<3FFF F83FFFF83E03F03807F0300FE0700FC0701F80603F80603F00607E0000FE0000FC0001F80003F8 1803F01807E0180FE0180FC0381F80303F80707F00707E01F0FFFFF0FFFFF015187E971B>I E /Fj 29 122 df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k 36 122 df<0001C0000003C000000FC000007FC0001FFFC000FFFFC000FFBFC0 00E03FC000003FC000003FC000003FC000003FC000003FC000003FC000003FC000003FC000003F C000003FC000003FC000003FC000003FC000003FC000003FC000003FC000003FC000003FC00000 3FC000003FC000003FC000003FC000003FC000003FC000003FC000003FC000003FC000003FC000 003FC000003FC000003FC000003FC000003FC000003FC000003FC0007FFFFFE07FFFFFE07FFFFF E01B2E7AAD28>49 D<003FE00001FFFE0007FFFF800F80FFC01E003FE038001FF07C000FF87E00 07FCFF0007FCFF8007FEFF8007FEFF8003FEFF8003FE7F0003FE3E0007FE000007FE000007FC00 0007FC00000FF800000FF800000FF000001FE000001FC000003F8000007F0000007E000000F800 0001F0000003E0000007C000000F0000001E000E003C000E0038000E0070001E00E0001C01C000 1C0300003C07FFFFFC0FFFFFFC1FFFFFFC3FFFFFFC7FFFFFF8FFFFFFF8FFFFFFF8FFFFFFF81F2E 7CAD28>I<0000007800000000000078000000000000FC000000000000FC000000000000FC0000 00000001FE000000000001FE000000000003FF000000000003FF000000000007FF800000000007 FF800000000007FF80000000000FFFC0000000000E7FC0000000001E7FE0000000001C3FE00000 00001C3FE000000000383FF000000000381FF000000000781FF800000000700FF800000000700F F800000000E00FFC00000000E007FC00000001E007FE00000001C003FE00000001C003FE000000 038003FF000000038001FF000000078001FF800000070000FF800000070000FF8000000FFFFFFF C000000FFFFFFFC000001FFFFFFFE000001C00003FE000003C00003FF000003800001FF0000038 00001FF000007000001FF800007000000FF80000F000000FFC0000E0000007FC0000E0000007FC 0001C0000007FE0003E0000003FE00FFFF8001FFFFFCFFFF8001FFFFFCFFFF8001FFFFFC36317D B03D>65 DI<000003FF80018000003FFFF003800001FFFFFC07800007FF003F0F80001FF800079F80 003FC00001FF8000FF800000FF8001FE0000007F8003FC0000003F8007FC0000001F8007F80000 000F800FF00000000F801FF000000007801FF000000007803FE000000007803FE000000003807F E000000003807FE000000003807FC000000000007FC00000000000FFC00000000000FFC0000000 0000FFC00000000000FFC00000000000FFC00000000000FFC00000000000FFC00000000000FFC0 0000000000FFC000000000007FC000000000007FC000000000007FE000000000007FE000000003 803FE000000003803FE000000003801FF000000003801FF000000007800FF0000000070007F800 0000070007FC0000000E0003FC0000001E0001FE0000001C0000FF8000007800003FC00000F000 001FF80003E0000007FF003F80000001FFFFFE000000003FFFF80000000003FF80000031317CB0 3A>I70 D<000003FF00030000007FFFF007000001FFFFFC0F000007FF007E1F00001FF0000FBF00007FC0 0003FF0000FF800001FF0001FE0000007F0003FC0000007F0007FC0000003F000FF80000001F00 0FF00000001F001FF00000000F001FF00000000F003FE000000007003FE000000007007FE00000 0007007FE000000007007FC00000000000FFC00000000000FFC00000000000FFC00000000000FF C00000000000FFC00000000000FFC00000000000FFC00000000000FFC00000000000FFC0000000 0000FFC00000000000FFC00007FFFFFC7FC00007FFFFFC7FE00007FFFFFC7FE0000001FF003FE0 000001FF003FE0000001FF001FF0000001FF001FF0000001FF000FF0000001FF000FF8000001FF 0007FC000001FF0003FC000001FF0001FE000001FF0000FF800001FF00007FC00003FF00001FF8 00077F000007FF003E3F000001FFFFFC1F0000007FFFF00F00000003FF80030036317CB03F>I< FFFFFF807FFFFFC0FFFFFF807FFFFFC0FFFFFF807FFFFFC000FF8000007FC00000FF8000007FC0 0000FF8000007FC00000FF8000007FC00000FF8000007FC00000FF8000007FC00000FF8000007F C00000FF8000007FC00000FF8000007FC00000FF8000007FC00000FF8000007FC00000FF800000 7FC00000FF8000007FC00000FF8000007FC00000FF8000007FC00000FF8000007FC00000FF8000 007FC00000FF8000007FC00000FF8000007FC00000FFFFFFFFFFC00000FFFFFFFFFFC00000FFFF FFFFFFC00000FF8000007FC00000FF8000007FC00000FF8000007FC00000FF8000007FC00000FF 8000007FC00000FF8000007FC00000FF8000007FC00000FF8000007FC00000FF8000007FC00000 FF8000007FC00000FF8000007FC00000FF8000007FC00000FF8000007FC00000FF8000007FC000 00FF8000007FC00000FF8000007FC00000FF8000007FC00000FF8000007FC00000FF8000007FC0 0000FF8000007FC00000FF8000007FC000FFFFFF807FFFFFC0FFFFFF807FFFFFC0FFFFFF807FFF FFC03A317EB03F>II78 D80 D<7FFFFFFFFFFF007FFFFFFFFFFF007FFFFFFFFFFF007F C00FF801FF007E000FF8003F007C000FF8001F0078000FF8000F0078000FF8000F0070000FF800 0700F0000FF8000780F0000FF8000780F0000FF8000780E0000FF8000380E0000FF8000380E000 0FF8000380E0000FF8000380E0000FF800038000000FF800000000000FF800000000000FF80000 0000000FF800000000000FF800000000000FF800000000000FF800000000000FF800000000000F F800000000000FF800000000000FF800000000000FF800000000000FF800000000000FF8000000 00000FF800000000000FF800000000000FF800000000000FF800000000000FF800000000000FF8 00000000000FF800000000000FF800000000000FF800000000000FF800000000000FF800000000 000FF800000000000FF800000000000FF8000000007FFFFFFF0000007FFFFFFF0000007FFFFFFF 000031307DAF38>84 DII<00FFF0000003FFFE00000F803F80000FC00FE0001F E007F0001FE007F0001FE003F8000FC003FC00078003FC00000003FC00000003FC00000003FC00 000003FC000000FFFC00001FFFFC0000FFE3FC0003FC03FC000FF003FC001FC003FC003FC003FC 007F8003FC007F8003FC00FF0003FC00FF0003FC00FF0003FC00FF0007FC00FF0007FC007F800D FC003FC019FE001FE070FFF007FFE07FF000FF803FF024207E9F27>97 D<01F8000000FFF80000 00FFF8000000FFF80000000FF800000007F800000007F800000007F800000007F800000007F800 000007F800000007F800000007F800000007F800000007F800000007F800000007F800000007F8 00000007F83FE00007F8FFFC0007FBE07F0007FF001F8007FE000FC007FC000FE007F80007F007 F80007F807F80007F807F80003FC07F80003FC07F80003FC07F80003FE07F80003FE07F80003FE 07F80003FE07F80003FE07F80003FE07F80003FE07F80003FE07F80003FC07F80003FC07F80003 FC07F80007F807F80007F807F80007F007FC000FE007FE000FC007E7003F8007C3C0FE000780FF F80007003FC00027327EB12D>I<000FFF00007FFFC001FC01F003F003F007E007F80FE007F81F C007F83FC003F03FC001E07F8000007F8000007F800000FF800000FF800000FF800000FF800000 FF800000FF800000FF800000FF8000007F8000007F8000007F8000003FC0001C3FC0001C1FC000 380FE0003807E0007003F001E001FC07C0007FFF00000FF8001E207D9F24>I<0000000FC00000 07FFC0000007FFC0000007FFC00000007FC00000003FC00000003FC00000003FC00000003FC000 00003FC00000003FC00000003FC00000003FC00000003FC00000003FC00000003FC00000003FC0 0000003FC00007F83FC0003FFF3FC000FE07BFC003F801FFC007E0007FC00FE0007FC01FC0003F C03FC0003FC03FC0003FC07F80003FC07F80003FC07F80003FC0FF80003FC0FF80003FC0FF8000 3FC0FF80003FC0FF80003FC0FF80003FC0FF80003FC0FF80003FC07F80003FC07F80003FC07F80 003FC03FC0003FC03FC0003FC01FC0003FC00FE0007FC007E000FFC003F003FFE001FC0F3FFE00 7FFE3FFE000FF03FFE27327DB12D>I<000FFC00007FFF8001FC0FC003F003E007E001F00FE001 F81FC000FC3FC000FE3FC000FE7F80007E7F80007F7F80007FFF80007FFF80007FFFFFFFFFFFFF FFFFFF800000FF800000FF800000FF8000007F8000007F8000007F8000003FC000071FC000071F C0000E0FE0000E07F0001C03F8007800FE03E0003FFFC00007FE0020207E9F25>I<0001FE0000 0FFF80001FC3C0007F07E000FE0FF001FE0FF001FC0FF003FC0FF003FC07E003FC018003FC0000 03FC000003FC000003FC000003FC000003FC000003FC000003FC0000FFFFFC00FFFFFC00FFFFFC 0003FC000003FC000003FC000003FC000003FC000003FC000003FC000003FC000003FC000003FC 000003FC000003FC000003FC000003FC000003FC000003FC000003FC000003FC000003FC000003 FC000003FC000003FC000003FC000003FC000003FC000003FC00007FFFF0007FFFF0007FFFF000 1C327EB119>I<001FF007C000FFFE3FE001F83F79F007E00FC3F00FE00FE1F00FC007E0E01FC0 07F0001FC007F0003FC007F8003FC007F8003FC007F8003FC007F8003FC007F8001FC007F0001F C007F0000FC007E0000FE00FE00007E00FC00003F83F000006FFFE00000E1FF000000E00000000 1E000000001E000000001F000000001F800000001FFFFF80000FFFFFF0000FFFFFFC0007FFFFFE 0003FFFFFF0003FFFFFF800FFFFFFFC01F00007FC07E00001FE07C00000FE0FC000007E0FC0000 07E0FC000007E0FC000007E07E00000FC03E00000F803F00001F800FC0007E0007F803FC0001FF FFF000001FFF0000242F7E9F28>I<01F8000000FFF8000000FFF8000000FFF80000000FF80000 0007F800000007F800000007F800000007F800000007F800000007F800000007F800000007F800 000007F800000007F800000007F800000007F800000007F800000007F807F80007F83FFE0007F8 783F0007F8C03F8007F9801FC007FB001FC007FE001FE007FC001FE007FC001FE007FC001FE007 F8001FE007F8001FE007F8001FE007F8001FE007F8001FE007F8001FE007F8001FE007F8001FE0 07F8001FE007F8001FE007F8001FE007F8001FE007F8001FE007F8001FE007F8001FE007F8001F E007F8001FE007F8001FE007F8001FE0FFFFC3FFFFFFFFC3FFFFFFFFC3FFFF28327DB12D>I<03 C00007E0000FF0001FF8001FF8001FF8001FF8000FF00007E00003C00000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000001F800FFF800FFF800FFF8000FF80007F80007F80007 F80007F80007F80007F80007F80007F80007F80007F80007F80007F80007F80007F80007F80007 F80007F80007F80007F80007F80007F80007F80007F80007F800FFFF80FFFF80FFFF8011337DB2 17>I<01F800FFF800FFF800FFF8000FF80007F80007F80007F80007F80007F80007F80007F800 07F80007F80007F80007F80007F80007F80007F80007F80007F80007F80007F80007F80007F800 07F80007F80007F80007F80007F80007F80007F80007F80007F80007F80007F80007F80007F800 07F80007F80007F80007F80007F80007F80007F80007F80007F800FFFFC0FFFFC0FFFFC012327D B117>108 D<03F007F8001FE000FFF03FFE00FFF800FFF0783F01E0FC00FFF0C03F8300FE000F F1801FC6007F0007F3001FCC007F0007F6001FF8007F8007FC001FF0007F8007FC001FF0007F80 07FC001FF0007F8007F8001FE0007F8007F8001FE0007F8007F8001FE0007F8007F8001FE0007F 8007F8001FE0007F8007F8001FE0007F8007F8001FE0007F8007F8001FE0007F8007F8001FE000 7F8007F8001FE0007F8007F8001FE0007F8007F8001FE0007F8007F8001FE0007F8007F8001FE0 007F8007F8001FE0007F8007F8001FE0007F8007F8001FE0007F8007F8001FE0007F8007F8001F E0007F80FFFFC3FFFF0FFFFCFFFFC3FFFF0FFFFCFFFFC3FFFF0FFFFC3E207D9F43>I<03F007F8 00FFF03FFE00FFF0783F00FFF0C03F800FF1801FC007F3001FC007F6001FE007FC001FE007FC00 1FE007FC001FE007F8001FE007F8001FE007F8001FE007F8001FE007F8001FE007F8001FE007F8 001FE007F8001FE007F8001FE007F8001FE007F8001FE007F8001FE007F8001FE007F8001FE007 F8001FE007F8001FE007F8001FE007F8001FE007F8001FE0FFFFC3FFFFFFFFC3FFFFFFFFC3FFFF 28207D9F2D>I<0007FC0000007FFFC00001FC07F00003F001F80007E000FC000FC0007E001FC0 007F003FC0007F803F80003F807F80003FC07F80003FC07F80003FC0FF80003FE0FF80003FE0FF 80003FE0FF80003FE0FF80003FE0FF80003FE0FF80003FE0FF80003FE07F80003FC07F80003FC0 7F80003FC03FC0007F803FC0007F801FC0007F000FE000FE0007E000FC0003F803F80001FE0FF0 00007FFFC0000007FC000023207E9F28>I<01F83FE000FFF8FFFC00FFFBE07F00FFFF003F8007 FE001FC007FC000FE007F8000FF007F80007F807F80007F807F80007FC07F80003FC07F80003FC 07F80003FE07F80003FE07F80003FE07F80003FE07F80003FE07F80003FE07F80003FE07F80003 FE07F80003FC07F80007FC07F80007FC07F80007F807F80007F807F8000FF007FC000FE007FE00 1FC007FF003F8007FBC0FE0007F8FFF80007F83FC00007F800000007F800000007F800000007F8 00000007F800000007F800000007F800000007F800000007F800000007F800000007F8000000FF FFC00000FFFFC00000FFFFC00000272E7E9F2D>I<03F03F00FFF07FC0FFF1C3E0FFF187E00FF3 0FF007F60FF007F60FF007FC07E007FC03C007FC000007FC000007F8000007F8000007F8000007 F8000007F8000007F8000007F8000007F8000007F8000007F8000007F8000007F8000007F80000 07F8000007F8000007F8000007F8000007F80000FFFFE000FFFFE000FFFFE0001C207E9F21> 114 D<01FF860007FFFE001F00FE003C003E0078001E0078000E00F8000E00F8000E00F8000E00 FC000000FF800000FFFC00007FFFC0007FFFF0003FFFF8001FFFFC0007FFFE0001FFFF00003FFF 000000FF8000003F8060001F80E0000F80E0000F80F0000F80F0000F00F8000F00FC001E00FE00 1C00FF807800F3FFF000C07F800019207D9F20>I<001C0000001C0000001C0000001C0000001C 0000003C0000003C0000003C0000007C0000007C000000FC000001FC000003FC000007FC00001F FFFE00FFFFFE00FFFFFE0003FC000003FC000003FC000003FC000003FC000003FC000003FC0000 03FC000003FC000003FC000003FC000003FC000003FC000003FC000003FC000003FC000003FC03 8003FC038003FC038003FC038003FC038003FC038003FC038001FC038001FC070000FE0700007F 0E00003FFC000007F000192E7FAD1F>I<01F80007E0FFF803FFE0FFF803FFE0FFF803FFE00FF8 003FE007F8001FE007F8001FE007F8001FE007F8001FE007F8001FE007F8001FE007F8001FE007 F8001FE007F8001FE007F8001FE007F8001FE007F8001FE007F8001FE007F8001FE007F8001FE0 07F8001FE007F8001FE007F8001FE007F8001FE007F8003FE007F8003FE003F8007FE003F8007F E001FC00DFF000FE039FFF007FFF1FFF000FFC1FFF28207D9F2D>II< FFFF1FFFE07FF8FFFF1FFFE07FF8FFFF1FFFE07FF80FF000FE0007800FF800FE00078007F800FE 00070007F8007F00070003FC007F000E0003FC00FF800E0003FE00FF801E0001FE00FF801C0001 FE01DFC01C0001FF01DFC03C0000FF03DFE0380000FF838FE07800007F838FE07000007F8707F0 7000007FC707F0F000003FCF07F8E000003FCE03F8E000001FEE03F9C000001FFC01FDC000001F FC01FFC000000FFC01FF8000000FF800FF80000007F800FF00000007F0007F00000007F0007F00 000003F0007E00000003E0003E00000001E0003C00000001C0001C000035207E9F3A>I<7FFF80 7FFC7FFF807FFC7FFF807FFC03FE000F0001FE001E0000FF003C0000FF807800007FC07800003F E0F000001FE1E000000FF3C000000FFF80000007FF00000003FE00000001FE00000000FF000000 00FF80000000FFC0000001FFC0000003DFE00000078FF00000078FF800000F07FC00001E03FC00 003C01FE00007800FF0000F000FF8000E0007FC001E0003FC0FFFC01FFFFFFFC01FFFFFFFC01FF FF28207F9F2B>II E /Fl 1 14 df<0001FE00000007FF8000001E01E000007800780000 E0001C000180000600030000030006000001800C000000C00C000000C018000000603000000030 30000000303000000030600000001860000000186000000018C00000000CC00000000CC0000000 0CC00000000CC00000000CC00000000CC00000000CC00000000CC00000000C6000000018600000 0018600000001830000000303000000030300000003018000000600C000000C00C000000C00600 0001800300000300018000060000E0001C000078007800001E01E0000007FF80000001FE000026 2B7DA02D>13 D E /Fm 46 122 df<3C007F00FF80FF80FFC0FFC0FFC07FC03EC000C000C00180 018001800300030006000E001C00380030000A157B8813>44 D<1C007F007F00FF80FF80FF807F 007F001C0009097B8813>46 D<000E00001E00007E0007FE00FFFE00FFFE00F8FE0000FE0000FE 0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE 0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE 0000FE007FFFFE7FFFFE7FFFFE17277BA622>49 D<00FF800007FFF0000FFFFC001E03FE003800 FF807C003F80FE003FC0FF001FC0FF001FE0FF000FE0FF000FE07E000FE03C001FE000001FE000 001FC000001FC000003F8000003F0000007E000000FC000000F8000001F0000003E00000078000 000F0000001E0000003C00E0007000E000E000E001C001C0038001C0060001C00FFFFFC01FFFFF C03FFFFFC07FFFFFC0FFFFFF80FFFFFF80FFFFFF801B277DA622>I<007F800003FFF00007FFFC 000F80FE001F007F003F807F003F803F803F803F803F803F801F803F801F003F8000007F000000 7F0000007E000000FC000001F8000007F00000FFC00000FFC0000001F80000007E0000003F0000 003F8000001FC000001FC000001FE000001FE03C001FE07E001FE0FF001FE0FF001FE0FF001FC0 FF003FC0FE003F807C007F003F00FE001FFFFC0007FFF00000FF80001B277DA622>I<00000E00 00001E0000003E0000007E000000FE000000FE000001FE000003FE0000077E00000E7E00000E7E 00001C7E0000387E0000707E0000E07E0000E07E0001C07E0003807E0007007E000E007E000E00 7E001C007E0038007E0070007E00E0007E00FFFFFFF8FFFFFFF8FFFFFFF80000FE000000FE0000 00FE000000FE000000FE000000FE000000FE000000FE00007FFFF8007FFFF8007FFFF81D277EA6 22>I<180003001F801F001FFFFE001FFFFC001FFFF8001FFFF0001FFFC0001FFF00001C000000 1C0000001C0000001C0000001C0000001C0000001C0000001C7FC0001DFFF8001F80FC001E003F 0008003F0000001F8000001FC000001FC000001FE000001FE018001FE07C001FE0FE001FE0FE00 1FE0FE001FE0FE001FC0FC001FC078003F8078003F803C007F001F01FE000FFFFC0003FFF00000 FF80001B277DA622>I<380000003E0000003FFFFFF03FFFFFF03FFFFFF07FFFFFE07FFFFFC07F FFFF807FFFFF0070000E0070000E0070001C00E0003800E0007000E000E0000001E0000001C000 000380000007800000070000000F0000001F0000001E0000003E0000003E0000007E0000007C00 00007C000000FC000000FC000000FC000000FC000001FC000001FC000001FC000001FC000001FC 000001FC000001FC000000F80000007000001C297CA822>55 D<00000780000000000780000000 000FC0000000000FC0000000000FC0000000001FE0000000001FE0000000003FF0000000003FF0 000000003FF00000000077F80000000077F800000000F7FC00000000E3FC00000000E3FC000000 01C1FE00000001C1FE00000003C1FF0000000380FF0000000380FF00000007007F80000007007F 8000000F007FC000000E003FC000000E003FC000001C001FE000001C001FE000003FFFFFF00000 3FFFFFF000003FFFFFF00000700007F80000700007F80000F00007FC0000E00003FC0000E00003 FC0001C00001FE0001C00001FE0003C00001FF00FFFE003FFFFCFFFE003FFFFCFFFE003FFFFC2E 297EA833>65 DI<00007FE0030007FFFC07001FFFFF0F 007FF00F9F00FF0001FF01FC0000FF03F800007F07F000003F0FE000001F1FC000001F1FC00000 0F3F8000000F3F800000077F800000077F800000077F00000000FF00000000FF00000000FF0000 0000FF00000000FF00000000FF00000000FF00000000FF00000000FF000000007F000000007F80 0000007F800000073F800000073F800000071FC00000071FC000000E0FE000000E07F000001C03 F800003C01FC00007800FF0001F0007FF007C0001FFFFF800007FFFE0000007FF00028297CA831 >I69 DI<0000 7FE003000007FFFC0700001FFFFF0F00007FF00F9F0000FF0001FF0001FC0000FF0003F800007F 0007F000003F000FE000001F001FC000001F001FC000000F003F8000000F003F80000007007F80 000007007F80000007007F0000000000FF0000000000FF0000000000FF0000000000FF00000000 00FF0000000000FF0000000000FF0000000000FF0000000000FF0000FFFFF87F0000FFFFF87F80 00FFFFF87F800000FF003F800000FF003F800000FF001FC00000FF001FC00000FF000FE00000FF 0007F00000FF0003F80000FF0001FC0000FF0000FF0001FF00007FF007FF00001FFFFF9F000007 FFFE0F0000007FF003002D297CA835>III77 DI80 D82 D<00FF00C003FFE1C00FFFF9C01F80FFC03F00 3FC03E000FC07C0007C07C0007C0FC0003C0FC0003C0FC0001C0FE0001C0FE0001C0FF000000FF C000007FFC00007FFFE0003FFFF8001FFFFE001FFFFF0007FFFF8003FFFFC000FFFFC0000FFFE0 00007FE000001FF000000FF0000007F0E00003F0E00003F0E00003F0E00003F0F00003E0F00003 E0F80007E0FC0007C0FF000F80FFE01F80E3FFFF00E1FFFC00C01FF0001C297CA825>I85 DII<03FF80000FFFF0001F01FC003F80FE003F 807F003F803F003F803F801F003F8000003F8000003F8000003F8000003F80003FFF8001FC3F80 0FE03F801F803F803F003F807E003F80FC003F80FC003F80FC003F80FC003F80FC005F807E00DF 803F839FFC1FFE0FFC03F803FC1E1B7E9A21>97 D I<003FF00001FFFC0003F03E000FC07F001F807F003F007F003F007F007F003E007E0000007E00 0000FE000000FE000000FE000000FE000000FE000000FE000000FE0000007E0000007E0000007F 0000003F0003803F8003801F8007000FE00E0003F83C0001FFF800003FC000191B7E9A1E>I<00 007FF000007FF000007FF0000007F0000007F0000007F0000007F0000007F0000007F0000007F0 000007F0000007F0000007F0000007F0000007F0003F87F001FFF7F007F03FF00FC00FF01F8007 F03F0007F03F0007F07E0007F07E0007F07E0007F0FE0007F0FE0007F0FE0007F0FE0007F0FE00 07F0FE0007F0FE0007F0FE0007F07E0007F07E0007F03F0007F03F0007F01F800FF00FC01FF007 E07FFF01FFE7FF007F87FF202A7EA925>I<003FC00001FFF00003E07C000F803E001F801F001F 001F003F000F807E000F807E000FC07E000FC0FE0007C0FE0007C0FFFFFFC0FFFFFFC0FE000000 FE000000FE0000007E0000007E0000007F0000003F0001C01F0001C00F80038007C0070003F01E 0000FFFC00003FE0001A1B7E9A1F>I<0007F8003FFC007E3E01FC7F03F87F03F07F07F07F07F0 3E07F00007F00007F00007F00007F00007F00007F000FFFFC0FFFFC0FFFFC007F00007F00007F0 0007F00007F00007F00007F00007F00007F00007F00007F00007F00007F00007F00007F00007F0 0007F00007F00007F00007F00007F0007FFF807FFF807FFF80182A7EA915>I<007F80F001FFE3 F807C0FE1C0F807C7C1F003E7C1F003E103F003F003F003F003F003F003F003F003F003F003F00 3F001F003E001F003E000F807C0007C0F80005FFE0000C7F8000180000001C0000001C0000001E 0000001FFFF8001FFFFF000FFFFFC007FFFFE003FFFFF00FFFFFF03E0007F07C0001F8F80000F8 F80000F8F80000F8F80000F87C0001F07C0001F03F0007E00FC01F8007FFFF00007FF0001E287E 9A22>II<07000F801FC03FE03FE03FE01FC00F80 07000000000000000000000000000000FFE0FFE0FFE00FE00FE00FE00FE00FE00FE00FE00FE00F E00FE00FE00FE00FE00FE00FE00FE00FE00FE00FE00FE00FE0FFFEFFFEFFFE0F2B7EAA12>I108 DII<003FE00001FFFC0003F07E000FC01F801F800FC03F0007E03F00 07E07E0003F07E0003F07E0003F0FE0003F8FE0003F8FE0003F8FE0003F8FE0003F8FE0003F8FE 0003F8FE0003F87E0003F07E0003F03F0007E03F0007E01F800FC00FC01F8007F07F0001FFFC00 003FE0001D1B7E9A22>II114 D<03FE300FFFF03E03F0 7800F07000F0F00070F00070F80070FE0000FFE0007FFF007FFFC03FFFE01FFFF007FFF800FFF8 0007FC0000FCE0007CE0003CF0003CF00038F80038FC0070FF01E0E7FFC0C1FF00161B7E9A1B> I<00700000700000700000700000F00000F00000F00001F00003F00003F00007F0001FFFE0FFFF E0FFFFE007F00007F00007F00007F00007F00007F00007F00007F00007F00007F00007F00007F0 0007F00007F07007F07007F07007F07007F07007F07007F07003F0E001F8C000FFC0003F001426 7FA51A>II IIII E /Fn 75 127 df<70F8F8F8F8F8F8F8F8F8F8F8 F8F8F8F8F870000000000070F8F8F870051C779B18>33 D<4010E038F078E038E038E038E038E0 38E038E038E038E038E03860300D0E7B9C18>I<030600078F00078F00078F00078F00078F0007 8F007FFFC0FFFFE0FFFFE07FFFC00F1E000F1E000F1E000F1E000F1E000F1E007FFFC0FFFFE0FF FFE07FFFC01E3C001E3C001E3C001E3C001E3C001E3C000C1800131C7E9B18>I<00C00001C000 01C00001C00003F0000FFC003FFE007DCF0071C700E1C380E1C780E1C780E1C780F1C00079C000 3DC0001FE0000FF80003FC0001DE0001CF0001C70061C380F1C380F1C380E1C380E1C70071C700 79DE003FFE001FF80007E00001C00001C00001C00000C00011247D9F18>I<3803007C07807C07 80EE0F80EE0F00EE0F00EE1F00EE1E00EE1E00EE3E007C3C007C3C00387C0000780000780000F8 0000F00001F00001E00001E00003E00003C00003C00007C0000783800787C00F87C00F0EE00F0E E01F0EE01E0EE01E0EE03E0EE03C07C03C07C018038013247E9F18>I<01C00007E0000FF0000E 70001C38001C38001C38001C38001C73F01C73F01CE3F00FE3800FC7000F87000F07001F0E003F 0E007B8E0073DC00E1DC00E0F800E0F800E07070E0787070FC707FFFE03FCFE00F03C0141C7F9B 18>I<387C7C7E3E0E0E0E1C1C38F8F0C0070E789B18>I<007000F001E003C007800F001E001C00 380038007000700070007000E000E000E000E000E000E000E000E0007000700070007000380038 001C001E000F00078003C001F000F000700C24799F18>I<6000F00078003C001E000F00078003 8001C001C000E000E000E000E00070007000700070007000700070007000E000E000E000E001C0 01C0038007800F001E003C007800F00060000C247C9F18>I<01C00001C00001C00001C000C1C1 80F1C780F9CF807FFF001FFC0007F00007F0001FFC007FFF00F9CF80F1C780C1C18001C00001C0 0001C00001C00011147D9718>I<00600000F00000F00000F00000F00000F00000F00000F0007F FFC0FFFFE0FFFFE07FFFC000F00000F00000F00000F00000F00000F00000F00000600013147E97 18>I<1C3E7E7F3F1F070E1E7CF860080C788518>I<7FFF00FFFF80FFFF807FFF0011047D8F18> I<3078FCFC78300606778518>I<000300000780000780000F80000F00001F00001E00001E0000 3E00003C00007C0000780000780000F80000F00001F00001E00003E00003C00003C00007C00007 80000F80000F00000F00001F00001E00003E00003C00003C00007C0000780000F80000F00000F0 000060000011247D9F18>I<01F00007FC000FFE001F1F001C07003803807803C07001C07001C0 E000E0E000E0E000E0E000E0E000E0E000E0E000E0E000E0E000E0F001E07001C07001C07803C0 3803801C07001F1F000FFE0007FC0001F000131C7E9B18>I<01800380038007800F803F80FF80 FB80438003800380038003800380038003800380038003800380038003800380038003807FFCFF FE7FFC0F1C7B9B18>I<03F0000FFE003FFF007C0F807003C0E001C0F000E0F000E06000E00000 E00000E00001C00001C00003C0000780000F00001E00003C0000780000F00001E00007C0000F80 001E00E03C00E07FFFE0FFFFE07FFFE0131C7E9B18>I<001F00003F0000770000770000E70001 E70001C7000387000787000707000E07001E07003C0700380700780700F00700FFFFF8FFFFF8FF FFF8000700000700000700000700000700000700007FF000FFF8007FF0151C7F9B18>52 D<007E0001FF0007FF800F83C01E03C01C03C0380180380000700000700000E1F800E7FE00FFFF 00FE0780F803C0F001C0F000E0E000E0F000E07000E07000E07000E03801C03C03C01E07800FFF 0007FE0001F800131C7E9B18>54 D<3078FCFC783000000000000000003078FCFC783006147793 18>58 D<183C7E7E3C180000000000000000183C7E7E3E1E0E1C3C78F060071A789318>I<0003 00000780001F80003F00007E0001FC0003F00007E0001FC0003F00007E0000FC0000FC00007E00 003F00001FC00007E00003F00001FC00007E00003F00001F8000078000030011187D9918>I<7F FFC0FFFFE0FFFFE0FFFFE0000000000000000000000000FFFFE0FFFFE0FFFFE07FFFC0130C7E93 18>I<600000F00000FC00007E00003F00001FC00007E00003F00001FC00007E00003F00001F80 001F80003F00007E0001FC0003F00007E0001FC0003F00007E0000FC0000F0000060000011187D 9918>I<0FF0003FFC007FFF00700F00F00380F00380600780000F00003E00007C0001F00001E0 0003C00003C00003C00003C00003C00003800000000000000000000000000000000003800007C0 0007C00007C000038000111C7D9B18>I<00700000F80000F80000D80000D80001DC0001DC0001 DC00018C00038E00038E00038E00038E000306000707000707000707000707000FFF800FFF800F FF800E03800E03801C01C01C01C07F07F0FF8FF87F07F0151C7F9B18>65 D<7FF800FFFE007FFF001C0F801C03C01C03C01C01E01C00E01C00E01C00F01C00701C00701C00 701C00701C00701C00701C00701C00701C00F01C00E01C00E01C01E01C01C01C03C01C0F807FFF 00FFFE007FF800141C7F9B18>68 DII<7F07F0FF8FF87F07F01C01C01C01C01C01C01C01C01C01C01C01C01C01C01C01C01C01C01F FFC01FFFC01FFFC01C01C01C01C01C01C01C01C01C01C01C01C01C01C01C01C01C01C01C01C07F 07F0FF8FF87F07F0151C7F9B18>72 D<7FFF00FFFF807FFF0001C00001C00001C00001C00001C0 0001C00001C00001C00001C00001C00001C00001C00001C00001C00001C00001C00001C00001C0 0001C00001C00001C00001C0007FFF00FFFF807FFF00111C7D9B18>I<7FE000FFE0007FE0000E 00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E 00000E00000E00000E00000E00700E00700E00700E00700E00707FFFF0FFFFF07FFFF0141C7F9B 18>76 D<7E07F0FF0FF87F07F01D81C01D81C01D81C01DC1C01CC1C01CC1C01CE1C01CE1C01CE1 C01C61C01C71C01C71C01C31C01C39C01C39C01C39C01C19C01C19C01C1DC01C0DC01C0DC01C0D C07F07C0FF87C07F03C0151C7F9B18>78 D<0FF8003FFE007FFF00780F00700700F00780E00380 E00380E00380E00380E00380E00380E00380E00380E00380E00380E00380E00380E00380E00380 E00380E00380F00780700700780F007FFF003FFE000FF800111C7D9B18>II<7FF800FFFE007FFF001C0F801C03801C03C01C01C01C01C01C01C01C03C01C03801C 0F801FFF001FFE001FFE001C0F001C07001C03801C03801C03801C03801C03801C039C1C039C1C 039C7F01F8FF81F87F00F0161C7F9B18>82 D<03F3801FFF803FFF807C0F80700780E00380E003 80E00380E000007000007800003F00001FF00007FE0000FF00000F800003C00001C00000E00000 E06000E0E000E0E001E0F001C0F80780FFFF80FFFE00E7F800131C7E9B18>I<7FFFF8FFFFF8FF FFF8E07038E07038E07038E0703800700000700000700000700000700000700000700000700000 700000700000700000700000700000700000700000700000700000700007FF0007FF0007FF0015 1C7F9B18>II89 D91 D<600000F00000F00000F800007800007C00003C00003C00003E00001E00001F00000F0000 0F00000F800007800007C00003C00003C00003E00001E00001F00000F00000F800007800007800 007C00003C00003E00001E00001E00001F00000F00000F8000078000078000030011247D9F18> II<018007C01FF07EFCF83EE00E0F067C9B18>I<7FFF00FFFF80FFFF807FFF0011047D7F18>I< 061E3E387070E0E0E0F8FC7C7C38070E789E18>I<1FE0003FF8007FFC00781E00300E00000700 00070000FF0007FF001FFF007F0700780700E00700E00700E00700F00F00781F003FFFF01FFBF0 07E1F014147D9318>I<7E0000FE00007E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E3E000EFF 800FFFC00FC1E00F80E00F00700E00700E00380E00380E00380E00380E00380E00380F00700F00 700F80E00FC1E00FFFC00EFF80063E00151C809B18>I<01FE0007FF001FFF803E078038030070 0000700000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E000007000007001C03801C03E03C01FFF8007 FF0001FC0012147D9318>I<001F80003F80001F8000038000038000038000038000038003E380 0FFB801FFF803C1F80380F80700780700380E00380E00380E00380E00380E00380E00380700780 700780380F803C1F801FFFF00FFBF803E3F0151C7E9B18>I<01F00007FC001FFE003E0F003807 80700380700380E001C0E001C0FFFFC0FFFFC0FFFFC0E000007000007001C03801C03E03C01FFF 8007FF0001FC0012147D9318>I<001F80007FC000FFE000E1E001C0C001C00001C00001C0007F FFC0FFFFC0FFFFC001C00001C00001C00001C00001C00001C00001C00001C00001C00001C00001 C00001C00001C00001C0007FFF007FFF007FFF00131C7F9B18>I<01E1F007FFF80FFFF81E1E30 1C0E003807003807003807003807003807001C0E001E1E001FFC001FF80039E0003800001C0000 1FFE001FFFC03FFFE07801F0700070E00038E00038E00038E000387800F07E03F01FFFC00FFF80 01FC00151F7F9318>I<7E0000FE00007E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E3E000EFF 800FFFC00FC1C00F80E00F00E00E00E00E00E00E00E00E00E00E00E00E00E00E00E00E00E00E00 E00E00E00E00E07FC3FCFFE7FE7FC3FC171C809B18>I<03800007C00007C00007C00003800000 00000000000000000000007FC000FFC0007FC00001C00001C00001C00001C00001C00001C00001 C00001C00001C00001C00001C00001C00001C00001C000FFFF00FFFF80FFFF00111D7C9C18>I< 7FE000FFE0007FE00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E000 00E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E0007FFFC0 FFFFE07FFFC0131C7E9B18>108 D<7CE0E000FFFBF8007FFFF8001F1F1C001E1E1C001E1E1C00 1C1C1C001C1C1C001C1C1C001C1C1C001C1C1C001C1C1C001C1C1C001C1C1C001C1C1C001C1C1C 001C1C1C007F1F1F00FFBFBF807F1F1F001914819318>I<7E3E00FEFF807FFFC00FC1C00F80E0 0F00E00E00E00E00E00E00E00E00E00E00E00E00E00E00E00E00E00E00E00E00E00E00E07FC3FC FFE7FE7FC3FC1714809318>I<01F0000FFE001FFF003E0F803803807001C07001C0E000E0E000 E0E000E0E000E0E000E0F001E07001C07803C03C07803E0F801FFF000FFE0001F00013147E9318 >I<7E3E00FEFF807FFFC00FC1E00F80E00F00700E00700E00380E00380E00380E00380E00380E 00380F00700F00700F80E00FC1E00FFFC00EFF800E3E000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E 00000E00007FC000FFE0007FC000151E809318>I<01E38007FB801FFF803E1F80380F80700780 700780E00380E00380E00380E00380E00380E00380700780700780380F803C1F801FFF800FFB80 03E380000380000380000380000380000380000380000380003FF8003FF8003FF8151E7E9318> I<7F87E0FF9FF07FBFF803F87803F03003E00003C00003C0000380000380000380000380000380 000380000380000380000380007FFE00FFFF007FFE0015147F9318>I<07F7003FFF007FFF0078 0F00E00700E00700E007007C00007FE0001FFC0003FE00001F00600780E00380E00380F00380F8 0F00FFFF00FFFC00E7F00011147D9318>I<0180000380000380000380000380007FFFC0FFFFC0 FFFFC00380000380000380000380000380000380000380000380000380000380400380E00380E0 0380E001C1C001FFC000FF80003E0013197F9818>I<7E07E0FE0FE07E07E00E00E00E00E00E00 E00E00E00E00E00E00E00E00E00E00E00E00E00E00E00E00E00E00E00E01E00F03E007FFFC03FF FE01FCFC1714809318>I<7F8FF0FF8FF87F8FF01E03C00E03800E03800E038007070007070007 0700038E00038E00038E00038E0001DC0001DC0001DC0000F80000F80000700015147F9318>I< FF8FF8FF8FF8FF8FF83800E03800E03800E01C01C01C01C01C71C01CF9C01CF9C01CD9C01CD9C0 0DDD800DDD800DDD800D8D800F8F800F8F8007070015147F9318>I<7F8FF07F9FF07F8FF00707 00078E00039E0001DC0001F80000F80000700000F00000F80001DC00039E00038E000707000F07 807F8FF0FF8FF87F8FF015147F9318>I<7F8FF0FF8FF87F8FF00E01C00E03800E038007038007 0700070700038700038600038E0001CE0001CE0000CC0000CC0000DC0000780000780000780000 700000700000700000F00000E00079E0007BC0007F80003F00001E0000151E7F9318>I<3FFFF0 7FFFF07FFFF07001E07003C0700780000F00001E00003C0000F80001F00003C0000780000F0070 1E00703C0070780070FFFFF0FFFFF0FFFFF014147F9318>I<0007E0001FE0007FE000780000E0 0000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00001E0007FC000FF80 00FF80007FC00001E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E0 0000E000007800007FE0001FE00007E013247E9F18>I<60F0F0F0F0F0F0F0F0F0F0F0F0F0F0F0 F0F0F0F0F0F0F0F0F0F0F0F0F0F0F0F0F0F0F0600424769F18>I<7C0000FF0000FFC00003C000 00E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000F000007FC0 003FE0003FE0007FC000F00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E000 00E00000E00003C000FFC000FF00007C000013247E9F18>I<060C1F1E3FBEFBF8F1F060C00F06 7C9B18>I E /Fo 75 123 df<001F83E000F06E3001C078780380F8780300F030070070000700 70000700700007007000070070000700700007007000FFFFFF8007007000070070000700700007 007000070070000700700007007000070070000700700007007000070070000700700007007000 07007000070070000700700007007000070070007FE3FF001D20809F1B>11 D<003F0000E0C001C0C00381E00701E00701E0070000070000070000070000070000070000FFFF E00700E00700E00700E00700E00700E00700E00700E00700E00700E00700E00700E00700E00700 E00700E00700E00700E00700E00700E07FC3FE1720809F19>I<003FE000E0E001C1E00381E007 00E00700E00700E00700E00700E00700E00700E00700E0FFFFE00700E00700E00700E00700E007 00E00700E00700E00700E00700E00700E00700E00700E00700E00700E00700E00700E00700E007 00E07FE7FE1720809F19>I<001F81F80000F04F040001C07C06000380F80F000300F00F000700 F00F00070070000007007000000700700000070070000007007000000700700000FFFFFFFF0007 007007000700700700070070070007007007000700700700070070070007007007000700700700 070070070007007007000700700700070070070007007007000700700700070070070007007007 00070070070007007007007FE3FE3FF02420809F26>I<7038F87CFC7EFC7E743A040204020402 0804080410081008201040200F0E7E9F17>34 D<70F8FCFC74040404080810102040060E7C9F0D >39 D<0020004000800100020006000C000C00180018003000300030007000600060006000E000 E000E000E000E000E000E000E000E000E000E000E0006000600060007000300030003000180018 000C000C000600020001000080004000200B2E7DA112>I<800040002000100008000C00060006 000300030001800180018001C000C000C000C000E000E000E000E000E000E000E000E000E000E0 00E000E000C000C000C001C001800180018003000300060006000C00080010002000400080000B 2E7DA112>I<70F8FCFC74040404080810102040060E7C840D>44 DI<70 F8F8F87005057C840D>I<03F0000E1C001C0E00180600380700700380700380700380700380F0 03C0F003C0F003C0F003C0F003C0F003C0F003C0F003C0F003C0F003C0F003C0F003C0F003C070 03807003807003807807803807001806001C0E000E1C0003F000121F7E9D17>48 D<018003800F80F380038003800380038003800380038003800380038003800380038003800380 03800380038003800380038003800380038007C0FFFE0F1E7C9D17>I<03F0000C1C00100E0020 0700400780800780F007C0F803C0F803C0F803C02007C00007C0000780000780000F00000E0000 1C0000380000700000600000C0000180000300000600400C00401800401000803FFF807FFF80FF FF80121E7E9D17>I<03F0000C1C00100E00200F00780F80780780780780380F80000F80000F00 000F00000E00001C0000380003F000003C00000E00000F000007800007800007C02007C0F807C0 F807C0F807C0F00780400780400F00200E001C3C0003F000121F7E9D17>I<000600000600000E 00000E00001E00002E00002E00004E00008E00008E00010E00020E00020E00040E00080E00080E 00100E00200E00200E00400E00C00E00FFFFF0000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E 0000FFE0141E7F9D17>I<1803001FFE001FFC001FF8001FE00010000010000010000010000010 000010000011F000161C00180E001007001007800003800003800003C00003C00003C07003C0F0 03C0F003C0E00380400380400700200600100E000C380003E000121F7E9D17>I<007C00018200 0701000E03800C07801C0780380300380000780000700000700000F1F000F21C00F40600F80700 F80380F80380F003C0F003C0F003C0F003C0F003C07003C07003C0700380380380380700180700 0C0E00061C0001F000121F7E9D17>I<4000007FFFC07FFF807FFF804001008002008002008004 0000080000080000100000200000200000400000400000C00000C00001C0000180000380000380 00038000038000078000078000078000078000078000078000078000030000121F7D9D17>I<03 F0000C0C001006003003002001806001806001806001807001807803003E03003F06001FC8000F F00003F80007FC000C7E00103F00300F806003804001C0C001C0C000C0C000C0C000C0C0008060 01802001001002000C0C0003F000121F7E9D17>I<03F0000E18001C0C00380600380700700700 700380F00380F00380F003C0F003C0F003C0F003C0F003C07007C07007C03807C0180BC00E13C0 03E3C0000380000380000380000700300700780600780E00700C002018001070000FC000121F7E 9D17>I<70F8F8F8700000000000000000000070F8F8F87005147C930D>I<70F8F8F87000000000 00000000000070F0F8F878080808101010202040051D7C930D>I<000100000003800000038000 000380000007C0000007C0000007C0000009E0000009E0000009E0000010F0000010F0000010F0 0000207800002078000020780000403C0000403C0000403C0000801E0000801E0000FFFE000100 0F0001000F0001000F00020007800200078002000780040003C00E0003C01F0007E0FFC03FFE1F 207F9F22>65 DI<000FC040007030C001C009C0038005C00700 03C00E0001C01E0000C01C0000C03C0000C07C0000407C00004078000040F8000000F8000000F8 000000F8000000F8000000F8000000F8000000F8000000F8000000780000007C0000407C000040 3C0000401C0000401E0000800E000080070001000380020001C0040000703800000FC0001A217D 9F21>IIII<000FE0200078186000E004E0038002E0070001E00F0000E01E0000601E000060 3C0000603C0000207C00002078000020F8000000F8000000F8000000F8000000F8000000F80000 00F8000000F8007FFCF80003E0780001E07C0001E03C0001E03C0001E01E0001E01E0001E00F00 01E0070001E0038002E000E0046000781820000FE0001E217D9F24>III<0FFFC0007C 00003C00003C00003C00003C00003C00003C00003C00003C00003C00003C00003C00003C00003C 00003C00003C00003C00003C00003C00003C00003C00003C00203C00F83C00F83C00F83C00F038 0040780040700030E0000F800012207E9E17>I76 DII<001F800000F0F00001C0380007801E 000F000F000E0007001E0007803C0003C03C0003C07C0003E0780001E0780001E0F80001F0F800 01F0F80001F0F80001F0F80001F0F80001F0F80001F0F80001F0F80001F0780001E07C0003E07C 0003E03C0003C03C0003C01E0007800E0007000F000F0007801E0001C0380000F0F000001F8000 1C217D9F23>II<001F800000F0F00001C0380007801E000F00 0F000E0007001E0007803C0003C03C0003C07C0003E07C0003E0780001E0F80001F0F80001F0F8 0001F0F80001F0F80001F0F80001F0F80001F0F80001F0F80001F0780001E0780001E07C0003E0 3C0003C03C0F03C01E1087800E2047000F204F0007A03E0001E0380000F0F010001FB010000030 10000038300000387000003FF000001FE000001FE000000FC0000007801C297D9F23>II<07E0800C1980100780300380600180600180E00180E00080 E00080E00080F00000F000007800007F00003FF0001FFC000FFE0003FF00001F800007800003C0 0003C00001C08001C08001C08001C08001C0C00180C00380E00300F00600CE0C0081F80012217D 9F19>I<7FFFFFE0780F01E0600F0060400F0020400F0020C00F0030800F0010800F0010800F00 10800F0010000F0000000F0000000F0000000F0000000F0000000F0000000F0000000F0000000F 0000000F0000000F0000000F0000000F0000000F0000000F0000000F0000000F0000000F000000 0F0000001F800007FFFE001C1F7E9E21>IIII91 D<080410082010201040204020804080408040B85CFC7EFC7E7C3E381C0F0E7B9F17>II<081020204040808080B8FCFC7C38060E7D9F0D>96 D<1FE000303000781800781C00300E00000E00000E00000E0000FE00078E001E0E00380E00780E 00F00E10F00E10F00E10F01E10781E103867200F83C014147E9317>I<0E0000FE00000E00000E 00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E3E000EC3800F01C00F00E00E 00E00E00700E00700E00780E00780E00780E00780E00780E00780E00700E00700E00E00F00E00D 01C00CC300083E0015207F9F19>I<03F80E0C1C1E381E380C70007000F000F000F000F000F000 F00070007000380138011C020E0C03F010147E9314>I<000380003F8000038000038000038000 038000038000038000038000038000038000038003E380061B801C078038038038038070038070 0380F00380F00380F00380F00380F00380F003807003807003803803803807801C07800E1B8003 E3F815207E9F19>I<03F0000E1C001C0E00380700380700700700700380F00380F00380FFFF80 F00000F00000F000007000007000003800801800800C010007060001F80011147F9314>I<007C 00C6018F038F07060700070007000700070007000700FFF0070007000700070007000700070007 0007000700070007000700070007000700070007007FF01020809F0E>I<0000E003E3300E3C30 1C1C30380E00780F00780F00780F00780F00780F00380E001C1C001E380033E000200000200000 3000003000003FFE001FFF800FFFC03001E0600070C00030C00030C00030C000306000603000C0 1C038003FC00141F7F9417>I<0E0000FE00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00 000E00000E00000E00000E3E000E43000E81800F01C00F01C00E01C00E01C00E01C00E01C00E01 C00E01C00E01C00E01C00E01C00E01C00E01C00E01C00E01C00E01C0FFE7FC16207F9F19>I<1C 003E003E003E001C000000000000000000000000000E007E000E000E000E000E000E000E000E00 0E000E000E000E000E000E000E000E000E000E00FFC00A1F809E0C>I<00E001F001F001F000E0 000000000000000000000000007007F000F0007000700070007000700070007000700070007000 7000700070007000700070007000700070007000706070F060F0C061803F000C28829E0E>I<0E 0000FE00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E0FF00E 03C00E03000E02000E04000E08000E10000E30000E70000EF8000F38000E1C000E1E000E0E000E 07000E07800E03800E03C00E03E0FFCFF815207F9F18>I<0E00FE000E000E000E000E000E000E 000E000E000E000E000E000E000E000E000E000E000E000E000E000E000E000E000E000E000E00 0E000E000E000E00FFE00B20809F0C>I<0E1F01F000FE618618000E81C81C000F00F00E000F00 F00E000E00E00E000E00E00E000E00E00E000E00E00E000E00E00E000E00E00E000E00E00E000E 00E00E000E00E00E000E00E00E000E00E00E000E00E00E000E00E00E000E00E00E00FFE7FE7FE0 23147F9326>I<0E3E00FE43000E81800F01C00F01C00E01C00E01C00E01C00E01C00E01C00E01 C00E01C00E01C00E01C00E01C00E01C00E01C00E01C00E01C0FFE7FC16147F9319>I<01F80007 0E001C03803801C03801C07000E07000E0F000F0F000F0F000F0F000F0F000F0F000F07000E070 00E03801C03801C01C0380070E0001F80014147F9317>I<0E3E00FEC3800F01C00F00E00E00E0 0E00F00E00700E00780E00780E00780E00780E00780E00780E00700E00F00E00E00F01E00F01C0 0EC3000E3E000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E0000FFE000151D7F9319> I<03E0800619801C05803C0780380380780380700380F00380F00380F00380F00380F00380F003 807003807803803803803807801C0B800E138003E3800003800003800003800003800003800003 80000380000380003FF8151D7E9318>I<0E78FE8C0F1E0F1E0F0C0E000E000E000E000E000E00 0E000E000E000E000E000E000E000E00FFE00F147F9312>I<1F9030704030C010C010C010E000 78007F803FE00FF00070803880188018C018C018E030D0608F800D147E9312>I<020002000200 060006000E000E003E00FFF80E000E000E000E000E000E000E000E000E000E000E000E080E080E 080E080E080610031001E00D1C7F9B12>I<0E01C0FE1FC00E01C00E01C00E01C00E01C00E01C0 0E01C00E01C00E01C00E01C00E01C00E01C00E01C00E01C00E01C00E03C00603C0030DC001F1FC 16147F9319>III<7FC3FC0F01E00701C007018003810001C20000E40000EC00007800003800003C0000 7C00004E000087000107000303800201C00601E01E01E0FF07FE1714809318>II<3FFF380E200E201C40384078407000E001E001C00380078007010E011E 011C0338027006700EFFFE10147F9314>I E /Fp 13 122 df<0000001FFC0000C000000003FF FFC001C00000001FFFFFF003C00000007FFFFFFC07C0000001FFFC00FE0FC0000007FFC0001F9F C000000FFE000007FFC000003FF8000003FFC000007FF0000000FFC00000FFE00000007FC00001 FFC00000007FC00001FF800000003FC00003FF000000001FC00007FE000000001FC0000FFE0000 00000FC0000FFC000000000FC0001FFC0000000007C0001FFC0000000007C0003FF80000000007 C0003FF80000000003C0003FF80000000003C0007FF80000000003C0007FF80000000003C0007F F0000000000000007FF000000000000000FFF000000000000000FFF000000000000000FFF00000 0000000000FFF000000000000000FFF000000000000000FFF000000000000000FFF00000000000 0000FFF000000000000000FFF000000000000000FFF000000000000000FFF000001FFFFFFF807F F000001FFFFFFF807FF000001FFFFFFF807FF800001FFFFFFF807FF800000001FFC0003FF80000 0001FFC0003FF800000001FFC0003FF800000001FFC0001FFC00000001FFC0001FFC00000001FF C0000FFE00000001FFC0000FFE00000001FFC00007FF00000001FFC00003FF00000001FFC00001 FF80000001FFC00001FFC0000001FFC00000FFE0000001FFC000007FF0000003FFC000003FFC00 0003FFC000000FFF000007FFC0000007FFC0001FBFC0000001FFFC00FF1FC00000007FFFFFFE0F C00000001FFFFFF803C000000003FFFFE000C0000000001FFE00000000413D7BBB4C>71 DI76 D78 D85 D<003FFE00000001FFFFE0000007FFFFF800000FE0 07FC00000FF001FE00001FF800FF00001FF8007F80001FF8007FC0001FF8003FC0000FF0003FE0 0007E0003FE00003C0003FE0000000003FE0000000003FE0000000003FE0000000003FE0000000 FFFFE000001FFFFFE000007FF83FE00003FF803FE00007FC003FE0000FF0003FE0001FE0003FE0 003FE0003FE0007FC0003FE0007FC0003FE000FF80003FE000FF80003FE000FF80003FE000FF80 003FE000FF80007FE0007FC0007FE0007FC000DFE0003FE0039FF0001FF80F0FFFE007FFFE0FFF E001FFF807FFE0003FE000FFE02B267DA52F>97 D<00FE00000000FFFE00000000FFFE00000000 FFFE00000000FFFE0000000007FE0000000003FE0000000003FE0000000003FE0000000003FE00 00000003FE0000000003FE0000000003FE0000000003FE0000000003FE0000000003FE00000000 03FE0000000003FE0000000003FE0000000003FE0000000003FE0000000003FE0000000003FE01 FF000003FE1FFFF00003FE7FFFFC0003FEFC03FE0003FFF000FF0003FFC0003F8003FF00001FC0 03FE00001FE003FE00000FF003FE00000FF803FE00000FF803FE000007FC03FE000007FC03FE00 0007FC03FE000007FE03FE000007FE03FE000007FE03FE000007FE03FE000007FE03FE000007FE 03FE000007FE03FE000007FE03FE000007FE03FE000007FC03FE000007FC03FE000007FC03FE00 000FFC03FE00000FF803FE00000FF003FE00001FF003FF00001FE003FF80003FC003FFC0007F80 03F9E000FF0003F0FC07FE0003F07FFFF80003E01FFFE00003C003FE00002F3C7DBB36>I<01E0 0007F8000FFC000FFC001FFE001FFE001FFE001FFE000FFC000FFC0007F80001E0000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000FE00FFFE00FFFE00FFFE 00FFFE0007FE0003FE0003FE0003FE0003FE0003FE0003FE0003FE0003FE0003FE0003FE0003FE 0003FE0003FE0003FE0003FE0003FE0003FE0003FE0003FE0003FE0003FE0003FE0003FE0003FE 0003FE0003FE0003FE0003FE00FFFFF0FFFFF0FFFFF0FFFFF0143D7DBC1A>105 D<0001FFC00000000FFFF80000007FFFFF000000FF80FF800003FE003FE00007F8000FF0000FF0 0007F8000FF00007F8001FE00003FC003FE00003FE003FE00003FE007FC00001FF007FC00001FF 007FC00001FF007FC00001FF00FFC00001FF80FFC00001FF80FFC00001FF80FFC00001FF80FFC0 0001FF80FFC00001FF80FFC00001FF80FFC00001FF80FFC00001FF807FC00001FF007FC00001FF 007FC00001FF003FE00003FE003FE00003FE001FE00003FC001FF00007FC000FF00007F80007F8 000FF00003FE003FE00000FF80FF8000007FFFFF0000000FFFF800000001FFC0000029267DA530 >111 D<01FC03F000FFFC0FFC00FFFC1FFF00FFFC3C3F80FFFC707F8007FCE0FFC003FCC0FFC0 03FD80FFC003FD80FFC003FF807F8003FF003F0003FF001E0003FF00000003FE00000003FE0000 0003FE00000003FE00000003FE00000003FE00000003FE00000003FE00000003FE00000003FE00 000003FE00000003FE00000003FE00000003FE00000003FE00000003FE00000003FE00000003FE 00000003FE00000003FE00000003FE000000FFFFFC0000FFFFFC0000FFFFFC0000FFFFFC000022 267DA528>114 D<003FF07003FFFEF007FFFFF01FC01FF03F0003F03E0001F07C0001F07C0000 F0FC0000F0FC0000F0FE0000F0FF000000FFC00000FFFC00007FFFF0003FFFFE003FFFFF801FFF FFC00FFFFFE003FFFFF000FFFFF8001FFFFC00007FFC000007FE700001FEF00000FEF000007EF8 00007EF800007EFC00007EFC00007CFE0000FCFF0000F8FF8001F0FFF00FE0F9FFFFC0F07FFF00 C01FF8001F267DA526>I<000F0000000F0000000F0000000F0000000F0000001F0000001F0000 001F0000001F0000003F0000003F0000007F0000007F000000FF000001FF000003FF000007FF00 001FFFFFF0FFFFFFF0FFFFFFF0FFFFFFF001FF000001FF000001FF000001FF000001FF000001FF 000001FF000001FF000001FF000001FF000001FF000001FF000001FF000001FF000001FF000001 FF000001FF000001FF000001FF000001FF003C01FF003C01FF003C01FF003C01FF003C01FF003C 01FF003C01FF003C00FF007800FF8078007F80F0003FC1E0001FFFC0000FFF800001FE001E377E B626>I121 D E end %%EndProlog %%BeginSetup %%Feature: *Resolution 300dpi TeXDict begin %%EndSetup %%Page: 1 1 0 bop 0 1152 a Fp(GNU)33 b(History)f(Library)p 0 1201 1950 17 v 1035 1250 a Fo(Edition)16 b(2.0,)e(for)h Fn(History)f(Library)g Fo(V)l(ersion)i(2.0.)1759 1304 y(July)g(1994)0 2443 y Fm(Brian)23 b(F)-6 b(o)n(x,)23 b(F)-6 b(ree)23 b(Soft)n(w)n(are)f(F)-6 b(oundation)0 2509 y(Chet)22 b(Ramey)-6 b(,)23 b(Case)e(W)-6 b(estern)23 b(Reserv)n(e)f(Univ)n(ersit)n(y)p 0 2545 1950 9 v eop %%Page: 2 2 1 bop 0 295 a Fo(This)16 b(do)q(cumen)o(t)g(describ)q(es)h(the)f(GNU)f (History)g(library)l(,)h(a)g(programming)e(to)q(ol)i(that)f(pro)o(vides)h(a)f (consisten)o(t)0 358 y(user)g(in)o(terface)h(for)e(recalling)j(lines)g(of)e (previously)h(t)o(yp)q(ed)g(input.)0 495 y(Published)h(b)o(y)f(the)f(F)l(ree) g(Soft)o(w)o(are)f(F)l(oundation)0 557 y(675)g(Massac)o(h)o(usetts)g(Av)o(en) o(ue,)0 619 y(Cam)o(bridge,)h(MA)g(02139)f(USA)0 756 y(P)o(ermission)f(is)g (gran)o(ted)f(to)f(mak)o(e)h(and)h(distribute)h(v)o(erbatim)e(copies)h(of)f (this)h(man)o(ual)g(pro)o(vided)g(the)f(cop)o(yrigh)o(t)0 818 y(notice)k(and)f(this)h(p)q(ermission)h(notice)e(are)g(preserv)o(ed)h(on)f (all)h(copies.)0 955 y(P)o(ermission)f(is)f(gran)o(ted)f(to)h(cop)o(y)g(and)g (distribute)h(mo)q(di\014ed)h(v)o(ersions)e(of)f(this)i(man)o(ual)f(under)h (the)f(conditions)0 1018 y(for)e(v)o(erbatim)g(cop)o(ying,)h(pro)o(vided)h (that)d(the)i(en)o(tire)g(resulting)h(deriv)o(ed)f(w)o(ork)f(is)h (distributed)h(under)f(the)g(terms)0 1080 y(of)i(a)g(p)q(ermission)h(notice)g (iden)o(tical)h(to)e(this)g(one.)0 1217 y(P)o(ermission)20 b(is)g(gran)o(ted)f(to)g(cop)o(y)h(and)f(distribute)i(translations)f(of)f (this)h(man)o(ual)f(in)o(to)h(another)f(language,)0 1279 y(under)c(the)f(ab)q (o)o(v)o(e)g(conditions)h(for)e(mo)q(di\014ed)j(v)o(ersions,)e(except)g(that) g(this)g(p)q(ermission)i(notice)e(ma)o(y)g(b)q(e)h(stated)0 1341 y(in)h(a)f(translation)g(appro)o(v)o(ed)g(b)o(y)g(the)g(F)l(oundation.)0 2636 y(Cop)o(yrigh)o(t)226 2635 y(c)214 2636 y Fl(\015)g Fo(1989,)f(1991)g(F) l(ree)h(Soft)o(w)o(are)f(F)l(oundation,)h(Inc.)p eop %%Page: 1 3 2 bop 0 -83 a Fo(Chapter)15 b(1:)k(Using)d(History)f(In)o(teractiv)o(ely)1157 b(1)0 158 y Fk(1)41 b(Using)14 b(History)h(In)n(teractiv)n(ely)62 330 y Fo(This)i(c)o(hapter)e(describ)q(es)j(ho)o(w)d(to)h(use)g(the)g(GNU)g (History)f(Library)i(in)o(teractiv)o(ely)l(,)g(from)e(a)g(user's)h(stand-)0 392 y(p)q(oin)o(t.)23 b(It)16 b(should)h(b)q(e)f(considered)i(a)d(user's)h (guide.)23 b(F)l(or)15 b(information)h(on)g(using)h(the)f(GNU)g(History)f (Library)0 454 y(in)h(y)o(our)f(o)o(wn)f(programs,)g(see)i(Chapter)e(2)h ([Programming)f(with)i(GNU)f(History],)f(page)h(5.)0 663 y Fm(1.1)33 b(History)15 b(In)n(teraction)62 800 y Fo(The)j(History)g(library)g (pro)o(vides)h(a)e(history)h(expansion)h(feature)e(that)g(is)i(similar)g(to)e (the)h(history)f(expan-)0 862 y(sion)k(pro)o(vided)h(b)o(y)f Fn(csh)p Fo(.)36 b(The)22 b(follo)o(wing)f(text)g(describ)q(es)h(the)f(syn)o (tax)f(used)i(to)e(manipulate)i(the)f(history)0 924 y(information.)62 1061 y(History)11 b(expansion)i(tak)o(es)d(place)i(in)h(t)o(w)o(o)d(parts.)18 b(The)11 b(\014rst)g(is)h(to)f(determine)h(whic)o(h)g(line)h(from)e(the)g (previous)0 1124 y(history)h(should)h(b)q(e)f(used)h(during)f(substitution.) 20 b(The)12 b(second)g(is)h(to)e(select)h(p)q(ortions)g(of)g(that)f(line)i (for)f(inclusion)0 1186 y(in)o(to)f(the)h(curren)o(t)f(one.)18 b(The)12 b(line)h(selected)f(from)f(the)g(previous)h(history)g(is)f(called)i (the)e Fj(ev)o(en)o(t)p Fo(,)h(and)f(the)h(p)q(ortions)0 1248 y(of)h(that)g(line)i(that)e(are)g(acted)g(up)q(on)h(are)g(called)h Fj(w)o(ords)p Fo(.)j(The)c(line)h(is)f(brok)o(en)f(in)o(to)h(w)o(ords)f(in)h (the)f(same)h(fashion)0 1310 y(that)j(Bash)h(do)q(es,)h(so)e(that)g(sev)o (eral)h(English)i(\(or)d(Unix\))h(w)o(ords)f(surrounded)i(b)o(y)f(quotes)f (are)h(considered)h(as)0 1373 y(one)c(w)o(ord.)0 1565 y Fi(1.1.1)30 b(Ev)n(en)n(t)16 b(Designators)62 1702 y Fo(An)g(ev)o(en)o(t)f(designator)g (is)g(a)g(reference)h(to)f(a)g(command)g(line)i(en)o(try)d(in)i(the)g (history)f(list.)0 1847 y Fn(!)216 b Fo(Start)14 b(a)g(history)h (substitution,)g(except)h(when)f(follo)o(w)o(ed)g(b)o(y)g(a)f(space,)h(tab,)f (the)h(end)g(of)g(the)g(line,)240 1909 y Fn(=)g Fo(or)g Fn(\()p Fo(.)0 1989 y Fn(!!)192 b Fo(Refer)16 b(to)e(the)i(previous)f(command.)20 b(This)c(is)g(a)f(synon)o(ym)g(for)f Fn(!-1)p Fo(.)0 2068 y Fn(!n)192 b Fo(Refer)16 b(to)e(command)h(line)i Fj(n)p Fo(.)0 2148 y Fn(!-n)168 b Fo(Refer)16 b(to)e(the)i(command)f Fj(n)g Fo(lines)i(bac)o(k.)0 2227 y Fn(!string)72 b Fo(Refer)16 b(to)e(the)i(most)e (recen)o(t)h(command)g(starting)g(with)g Fj(string)p Fo(.)0 2298 y Fn(!?string)p Fo([)p Fn(?)p Fo(])240 2360 y(Refer)h(to)e(the)i(most)e (recen)o(t)h(command)g(con)o(taining)h Fj(string)p Fo(.)0 2440 y Fn(!#)192 b Fo(The)15 b(en)o(tire)h(command)f(line)i(t)o(yp)q(ed)f(so)e (far.)0 2510 y Fn(^string1^string2^)240 2573 y Fo(Quic)o(k)j(Substitution.)22 b(Rep)q(eat)16 b(the)g(last)f(command,)h(replacing)h Fj(string1)h Fo(with)e Fj(string2)p Fo(.)21 b(Equiv-)240 2635 y(alen)o(t)15 b(to)g Fn(!!:s/string1/string2/)p Fo(.)p eop %%Page: 2 4 3 bop 0 -83 a Fo(2)1497 b(GNU)15 b(History)g(Library)0 158 y Fi(1.1.2)30 b(W)-5 b(ord)15 b(Designators)62 295 y Fo(A)i Fn(:)g Fo(separates)f(the)h(ev)o(en)o(t)f(sp)q(eci\014cation)j(from)d(the)g (w)o(ord)g(designator.)25 b(It)17 b(can)g(b)q(e)g(omitted)g(if)g(the)g(w)o (ord)0 358 y(designator)d(b)q(egins)h(with)f(a)f Fn(^)p Fo(,)h Fn($)p Fo(,)f Fn(*)h Fo(or)f Fn(\045)p Fo(.)20 b(W)l(ords)13 b(are)h(n)o(um)o(b)q(ered)g(from)f(the)h(b)q(eginning)i(of)d(the)h(line,)i (with)e(the)0 420 y(\014rst)h(w)o(ord)f(b)q(eing)j(denoted)f(b)o(y)f(a)g(0)f (\(zero\).)0 569 y Fn(0)h(\(zero\))57 b Fo(The)15 b Fn(0)p Fo(th)g(w)o(ord.)20 b(F)l(or)14 b(man)o(y)h(applications,)h(this)g(is)g(the)f (command)g(w)o(ord.)0 656 y Fn(n)216 b Fo(The)15 b Fj(n)p Fo(th)h(w)o(ord.)0 744 y Fn(^)216 b Fo(The)15 b(\014rst)g(argumen)o(t;)f(that)h(is,)g(w)o(ord)g (1.)0 831 y Fn($)216 b Fo(The)15 b(last)h(argumen)o(t.)0 918 y Fn(\045)216 b Fo(The)15 b(w)o(ord)g(matc)o(hed)g(b)o(y)g(the)g(most)g (recen)o(t)g Fn(?string?)f Fo(searc)o(h.)0 1005 y Fn(x-y)168 b Fo(A)15 b(range)g(of)g(w)o(ords;)f Fn(-)p Fj(y)19 b Fo(abbreviates)c Fn(0-)p Fj(y)t Fo(.)0 1092 y Fn(*)216 b Fo(All)17 b(of)f(the)g(w)o(ords,)f (except)i(the)f Fn(0)p Fo(th.)22 b(This)17 b(is)f(a)g(synon)o(ym)g(for)f Fn(1-$)p Fo(.)22 b(It)17 b(is)f(not)g(an)g(error)f(to)h(use)240 1155 y Fn(*)f Fo(if)h(there)f(is)h(just)f(one)g(w)o(ord)f(in)i(the)g(ev)o(en) o(t;)e(the)i(empt)o(y)e(string)i(is)f(returned)h(in)g(that)e(case.)0 1242 y Fn(x*)192 b Fo(Abbreviates)16 b Fn(x-$)0 1329 y(x-)192 b Fo(Abbreviates)16 b Fn(x-$)f Fo(lik)o(e)h Fn(x*)p Fo(,)e(but)i(omits)f(the) g(last)g(w)o(ord.)0 1537 y Fi(1.1.3)30 b(Mo)r(di\014ers)62 1674 y Fo(After)20 b(the)f(optional)i(w)o(ord)e(designator,)h(y)o(ou)f(can)h (add)g(a)g(sequence)h(of)e(one)h(or)f(more)g(of)g(the)h(follo)o(wing)0 1736 y(mo)q(di\014ers,)c(eac)o(h)f(preceded)i(b)o(y)e(a)g Fn(:)p Fo(.)0 1885 y Fn(h)216 b Fo(Remo)o(v)o(e)15 b(a)g(trailing)h(pathname)f(comp) q(onen)o(t,)g(lea)o(ving)h(only)g(the)f(head.)0 1973 y Fn(r)216 b Fo(Remo)o(v)o(e)15 b(a)g(trailing)h(su\016x)f(of)g(the)g(form)g(`)p Fn(.)p Fo(')p Fj(su\016x)p Fo(,)f(lea)o(ving)i(the)f(basename.)0 2060 y Fn(e)216 b Fo(Remo)o(v)o(e)15 b(all)h(but)g(the)f(trailing)h(su\016x.) 0 2147 y Fn(t)216 b Fo(Remo)o(v)o(e)15 b(all)h(leading)h(pathname)e(comp)q (onen)o(ts,)g(lea)o(ving)h(the)f(tail.)0 2234 y Fn(p)216 b Fo(Prin)o(t)15 b(the)g(new)h(command)f(but)g(do)g(not)g(execute)h(it.)0 2309 y Fn(s/old/new/)240 2371 y Fo(Substitute)g Fj(new)k Fo(for)15 b(the)h(\014rst)f(o)q(ccurrence)h(of)g Fj(old)h Fo(in)g(the)e(ev)o(en)o(t)h (line.)22 b(An)o(y)16 b(delimiter)h(ma)o(y)e(b)q(e)240 2433 y(used)e(in)f(place)h(of)f Fn(/)p Fo(.)19 b(The)12 b(delimiter)i(ma)o(y)d(b)q (e)i(quoted)f(in)h Fj(old)h Fo(and)e Fj(new)17 b Fo(with)12 b(a)g(single)h(bac)o(kslash.)240 2496 y(If)g Fn(&)h Fo(app)q(ears)f(in)h Fj(new)p Fo(,)f(it)h(is)g(replaced)g(b)o(y)f Fj(old)p Fo(.)20 b(A)13 b(single)i(bac)o(kslash)e(will)i(quote)e(the)h Fn(&)p Fo(.)19 b(The)13 b(\014nal)240 2558 y(delimiter)k(is)f(optional)g(if)f(it)h (is)f(the)h(last)f(c)o(haracter)f(on)h(the)h(input)g(line.)0 2645 y Fn(&)216 b Fo(Rep)q(eat)16 b(the)f(previous)h(substitution.)p eop %%Page: 3 5 4 bop 0 -83 a Fo(Chapter)15 b(1:)k(Using)d(History)f(In)o(teractiv)o(ely)1157 b(3)0 158 y Fn(g)216 b Fo(Cause)15 b(c)o(hanges)g(to)f(b)q(e)i(applied)h(o)o (v)o(er)d(the)h(en)o(tire)g(ev)o(en)o(t)g(line.)21 b(Used)16 b(in)g(conjunction)g(with)f Fn(s)p Fo(,)f(as)240 221 y(in)i Fn(gs/old/new/)p Fo(,)d(or)i(with)h Fn(&)p Fo(.)p eop %%Page: 4 6 5 bop 0 -83 a Fo(4)1497 b(GNU)15 b(History)g(Library)p eop %%Page: 5 7 6 bop 0 -83 a Fo(Chapter)15 b(2:)k(Programming)c(with)g(GNU)g(History)1039 b(5)0 158 y Fk(2)41 b(Programming)16 b(with)f(GNU)h(History)62 347 y Fo(This)e(c)o(hapter)f(describ)q(es)i(ho)o(w)d(to)h(in)o(terface)g (programs)f(that)h(y)o(ou)g(write)g(with)g(the)h(GNU)f(History)g(Library)l(.) 0 409 y(It)j(should)g(b)q(e)g(considered)h(a)f(tec)o(hnical)h(guide.)22 b(F)l(or)15 b(information)h(on)f(the)h(in)o(teractiv)o(e)g(use)g(of)f(GNU)g (History)l(,)0 471 y(see)g(Chapter)g(1)g([Using)h(History)f(In)o(teractiv)o (ely],)g(page)g(1.)0 698 y Fm(2.1)33 b(In)n(tro)r(duction)17 b(to)e(History)62 835 y Fo(Man)o(y)j(programs)g(read)h(input)h(from)e(the)g (user)h(a)g(line)h(at)f(a)f(time.)31 b(The)19 b(GNU)g(History)f(library)i(is) f(able)0 897 y(to)e(k)o(eep)g(trac)o(k)f(of)h(those)g(lines,)i(asso)q(ciate)e (arbitrary)g(data)g(with)g(eac)o(h)g(line,)j(and)d(utilize)i(information)f (from)0 960 y(previous)e(lines)h(in)f(comp)q(osing)f(new)h(ones.)62 1097 y(The)i(programmer)f(using)h(the)g(History)g(library)g(has)g(a)o(v)m (ailable)h(functions)g(for)e(remem)o(b)q(ering)h(lines)i(on)d(a)0 1159 y(history)f(list,)g(asso)q(ciating)g(arbitrary)g(data)f(with)h(a)f (line,)j(remo)o(ving)d(lines)j(from)d(the)h(list,)g(searc)o(hing)g(through)0 1221 y(the)h(list)h(for)e(a)h(line)h(con)o(taining)g(an)f(arbitrary)f(text)h (string,)g(and)g(referencing)h(an)o(y)f(line)h(in)g(the)f(list)h(directly)l (.)0 1284 y(In)d(addition,)h(a)e(history)h Fj(expansion)h Fo(function)g(is)f (a)o(v)m(ailable)h(whic)o(h)g(pro)o(vides)f(for)f(a)h(consisten)o(t)g(user)g (in)o(terface)0 1346 y(across)f(di\013eren)o(t)i(programs.)62 1483 y(The)i(user)g(using)g(programs)f(written)g(with)h(the)g(History)f (library)i(has)e(the)h(b)q(ene\014t)h(of)e(a)g(consisten)o(t)h(user)0 1545 y(in)o(terface)d(with)g(a)f(set)h(of)f(w)o(ell-kno)o(wn)h(commands)g (for)f(manipulating)i(the)f(text)f(of)g(previous)h(lines)h(and)f(using)0 1608 y(that)g(text)g(in)i(new)e(commands.)22 b(The)15 b(basic)i(history)e (manipulation)j(commands)d(are)g(similar)i(to)e(the)h(history)0 1670 y(substitution)g(pro)o(vided)g(b)o(y)f Fn(csh)p Fo(.)62 1807 y(If)g(the)g(programmer)e(desires,)i(he)g(can)g(use)g(the)f(Readline)j (library)l(,)e(whic)o(h)h(includes)g(some)f(history)f(manip-)0 1870 y(ulation)i(b)o(y)f(default,)h(and)f(has)g(the)g(added)h(adv)m(an)o (tage)f(of)g(command)g(line)h(editing.)0 2096 y Fm(2.2)33 b(History)15 b(Storage)62 2234 y Fo(The)h(history)f(list)h(is)g(an)f(arra)o(y)f(of)g (history)i(en)o(tries.)k(A)15 b(history)g(en)o(try)g(is)h(declared)g(as)f (follo)o(ws:)120 2358 y Fn(typedef)23 b(struct)g(_hist_entry)f({)168 2408 y(char)h(*line;)168 2458 y(char)g(*data;)120 2508 y(})h(HIST_ENTRY;)62 2645 y Fo(The)16 b(history)f(list)h(itself)g(migh)o(t)f(therefore)g(b)q(e)h (declared)g(as)p eop %%Page: 6 8 7 bop 0 -83 a Fo(6)1497 b(GNU)15 b(History)g(Library)120 158 y Fn(HIST_ENTRY)22 b(**the_history_list;)62 302 y Fo(The)16 b(state)e(of)h(the)g(History)g(library)h(is)g(encapsulated)g(in)o(to)f(a)g (single)i(structure:)120 434 y Fn(/*)24 b(A)f(structure)g(used)g(to)h(pass)f (the)h(current)f(state)g(of)g(the)h(history)f(stuff)g(around.)g(*/)120 484 y(typedef)g(struct)g(_hist_state)f({)168 534 y(HIST_ENTRY)g(**entries;) 214 b(/*)23 b(Pointer)g(to)h(the)f(entries)g(themselves.)f(*/)168 584 y(int)h(offset;)453 b(/*)23 b(The)h(location)e(pointer)h(within)g(this)h (array.)f(*/)168 633 y(int)g(length;)453 b(/*)23 b(Number)g(of)h(elements)f (within)g(this)g(array.)g(*/)168 683 y(int)g(size;)501 b(/*)23 b(Number)g(of)h(slots)f(allocated)g(to)g(this)h(array.)f(*/)168 733 y(int)g(flags;)120 783 y(})h(HISTORY_STATE;)62 927 y Fo(If)16 b(the)f(\015ags)g(mem)o(b)q(er)g(includes)j Fn(HS_STIFLED)p Fo(,)13 b(the)i(history)h(has)f(b)q(een)h(sti\015ed.)0 1215 y Fm(2.3)33 b(History)15 b(F)-6 b(unctions)62 1359 y Fo(This)16 b(section)g(describ)q(es)h(the)e(calling)i(sequence)f(for)f(the)g(v)m(arious) h(functions)g(presen)o(t)f(in)h(GNU)f(History)l(.)0 1631 y Fi(2.3.1)30 b(Initializing)15 b(History)g(and)g(State)g(Managemen)n(t)62 1775 y Fo(This)j(section)g(describ)q(es)h(functions)f(used)g(to)e(initialize) 21 b(and)c(manage)g(the)g(state)g(of)g(the)g(History)g(library)0 1837 y(when)f(y)o(ou)f(w)o(an)o(t)f(to)g(use)i(the)f(history)g(functions)h (in)g(y)o(our)f(program.)1725 2021 y(F)l(unction)-1899 b Fh(void)20 b Fg(using)p 258 2021 18 3 v 20 w(history)j Ff(\(\))120 2083 y Fo(Begin)g(a)f(session)g(in)h(whic)o(h)g(the)f(history)g(functions)g(migh)o (t)g(b)q(e)h(used.)40 b(This)23 b(initializes)i(the)120 2145 y(in)o(teractiv)o(e)16 b(v)m(ariables.)1725 2328 y(F)l(unction)-1899 b Fh(HISTORY_STATE)21 b(*)e Fg(history)p 582 2328 V 21 w(get)p 680 2328 V 21 w(history)p 876 2328 V 21 w(state)j Ff(\(\))120 2391 y Fo(Return)16 b(a)f(structure)g(describing)i(the)e(curren)o(t)g(state)f (of)h(the)g(input)i(history)l(.)1725 2574 y(F)l(unction)-1899 b Fh(void)20 b Fg(history)p 302 2574 V 20 w(set)p 393 2574 V 21 w(history)p 589 2574 V 21 w(state)j Ff(\()p Fn(HISTORY_STATE)13 b(*state)p Ff(\))120 2636 y Fo(Set)i(the)h(state)e(of)h(the)g(history)g(list) h(according)g(to)e Fj(state)p Fo(.)p eop %%Page: 7 9 8 bop 0 -83 a Fo(Chapter)15 b(2:)k(Programming)c(with)g(GNU)g(History)1039 b(7)0 158 y Fi(2.3.2)30 b(History)15 b(List)g(Managemen)n(t)62 295 y Fo(These)i(functions)h(manage)e(individual)k(en)o(tries)d(on)f(the)h (history)g(list,)g(or)f(set)h(parameters)e(managing)i(the)0 358 y(list)f(itself.)1725 520 y(F)l(unction)-1899 b Fh(void)20 b Fg(add)p 219 520 18 3 v 20 w(history)j Ff(\()p Fn(char)14 b(*string)p Ff(\))120 582 y Fo(Place)j Fj(string)k Fo(at)16 b(the)g(end)i(of)e(the)g(history)h(list.)25 b(The)17 b(asso)q(ciated)g(data)f (\014eld)h(\(if)g(an)o(y\))f(is)h(set)g(to)120 644 y Fn(NULL)p Fo(.)1725 806 y(F)l(unction)-1899 b Fh(HIST_ENTRY)21 b(*)e Fg(remo)n(v)n(e)p 509 806 V 20 w(history)k Ff(\()p Fn(int)14 b(which)p Ff(\))120 868 y Fo(Remo)o(v)o(e)d(history)g(en)o(try)g(at)g (o\013set)f Fj(whic)o(h)i Fo(from)f(the)g(history)l(.)19 b(The)11 b(remo)o(v)o(ed)g(elemen)o(t)h(is)g(returned)120 930 y(so)j(y)o(ou)g(can)g (free)g(the)h(line,)g(data,)e(and)i(con)o(taining)g(structure.)1725 1092 y(F)l(unction)-1899 b Fh(HIST_ENTRY)21 b(*)e Fg(replace)p 505 1092 V 22 w(history)p 702 1092 V 20 w(en)n(try)24 b Ff(\()p Fn(int)14 b(which,)g(char)h(*line,)f(char)208 1155 y(*data)p Ff(\))120 1217 y Fo(Mak)o(e)d(the)i(history)f(en)o(try)g(at)f(o\013set)h Fj(whic)o(h)h Fo(ha)o(v)o(e)e Fj(line)17 b Fo(and)12 b Fj(data)p Fo(.)19 b(This)12 b(returns)g(the)h(old)g(en)o(try)e(so)120 1279 y(y)o(ou)i(can)g(disp)q(ose)h(of)e(the)h(data.)19 b(In)13 b(the)g(case)g(of)f(an)h(in)o(v)m(alid)i Fj(whic)o(h)p Fo(,)f(a)f Fn(NULL)f Fo(p)q(oin)o(ter)i(is)f(returned.)1725 1441 y(F)l(unction)-1899 b Fh(void)20 b Fg(sti\015e)p 245 1441 V 21 w(history)j Ff(\()p Fn(int)14 b(max)p Ff(\))120 1503 y Fo(Sti\015e)i(the)f(history)h(list,)f (remem)o(b)q(ering)h(only)g(the)f(last)g Fj(max)j Fo(en)o(tries.)1725 1665 y(F)l(unction)-1899 b Fh(int)20 b Fg(unsti\015e)p 283 1665 V 21 w(history)i Ff(\(\))120 1728 y Fo(Stop)13 b(sti\015ing)h(the)f (history)l(.)19 b(This)14 b(returns)f(the)g(previous)h(amoun)o(t)e(the)h (history)g(w)o(as)g(sti\015ed.)20 b(The)120 1790 y(v)m(alue)c(is)g(p)q (ositiv)o(e)g(if)g(the)f(history)g(w)o(as)g(sti\015ed,)h(negativ)o(e)f(if)g (it)h(w)o(asn't.)1725 1952 y(F)l(unction)-1899 b Fh(int)20 b Fg(history)p 276 1952 V 20 w(is)p 334 1952 V 21 w(sti\015ed)k Ff(\(\))120 2014 y Fo(Returns)16 b(non-zero)f(if)h(the)f(history)g(is)h (sti\015ed,)g(zero)f(if)g(it)h(is)g(not.)0 2222 y Fi(2.3.3)30 b(Information)14 b(Ab)r(out)h(the)g(History)g(List)62 2359 y Fo(These)h(functions)g(return)f(information)g(ab)q(out)g(the)h(en)o(tire)f (history)g(list)h(or)f(individual)j(list)f(en)o(tries.)1725 2521 y(F)l(unction)-1899 b Fh(HIST_ENTRY)21 b(**)e Fg(history)p 530 2521 V 21 w(list)24 b Ff(\(\))120 2583 y Fo(Return)e(a)e Fn(NULL)h Fo(terminated)g(arra)o(y)f(of)g Fn(HIST_ENTRY)g Fo(whic)o(h)i(is)f (the)g(curren)o(t)g(input)h(history)l(.)120 2645 y(Elemen)o(t)16 b(0)f(of)f(this)i(list)g(is)g(the)f(b)q(eginning)i(of)e(time.)20 b(If)c(there)f(is)h(no)f(history)l(,)g(return)g Fn(NULL)p Fo(.)p eop %%Page: 8 10 9 bop 0 -83 a Fo(8)1497 b(GNU)15 b(History)g(Library)1725 158 y(F)l(unction)-1899 b Fh(int)20 b Fg(where)p 250 158 18 3 v 20 w(history)j Ff(\(\))120 221 y Fo(Returns)16 b(the)f(o\013set)f(of)h(the)g (curren)o(t)g(history)g(elemen)o(t.)1725 378 y(F)l(unction)-1899 b Fh(HIST_ENTRY)21 b(*)e Fg(curren)n(t)p 512 378 V 21 w(history)k Ff(\(\))120 440 y Fo(Return)14 b(the)g(history)g(en)o(try)f(at)h(the)g (curren)o(t)f(p)q(osition,)i(as)e(determined)j(b)o(y)d Fn(where_history)h (\(\))p Fo(.)120 502 y(If)h(there)h(is)f(no)h(en)o(try)e(there,)h(return)g(a) g Fn(NULL)g Fo(p)q(oin)o(ter.)1725 660 y(F)l(unction)-1899 b Fh(HIST_ENTRY)21 b(*)e Fg(history)p 504 660 V 21 w(get)j Ff(\()p Fn(int)15 b(offset)p Ff(\))120 722 y Fo(Return)g(the)g(history)f(en)o (try)g(at)g(p)q(osition)i Fj(o\013set)p Fo(,)d(starting)h(from)g Fn(history_base)p Fo(.)k(If)c(there)h(is)g(no)120 784 y(en)o(try)g(there,)g (or)f(if)i Fj(o\013set)f Fo(is)h(greater)e(than)h(the)h(history)f(length,)g (return)g(a)g Fn(NULL)g Fo(p)q(oin)o(ter.)1725 942 y(F)l(unction)-1899 b Fh(int)20 b Fg(history)p 276 942 V 20 w(total)p 412 942 V 22 w(b)n(ytes)j Ff(\(\))120 1004 y Fo(Return)17 b(the)f(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)g(of) g(b)o(ytes)g(that)f(the)h(primary)g(history)g(en)o(tries)h(are)e(using.)23 b(This)17 b(function)120 1066 y(returns)e(the)g(sum)h(of)e(the)i(lengths)f (of)g(all)h(the)g(lines)g(in)g(the)g(history)l(.)0 1265 y Fi(2.3.4)30 b(Mo)n(ving)15 b(Around)h(the)f(History)g(List)62 1402 y Fo(These)h (functions)g(allo)o(w)f(the)g(curren)o(t)h(index)g(in)o(to)f(the)h(history)f (list)h(to)e(b)q(e)i(set)f(or)g(c)o(hanged.)1725 1559 y(F)l(unction)-1899 b Fh(int)20 b Fg(history)p 276 1559 V 20 w(set)p 367 1559 V 21 w(p)r(os)h Ff(\()p Fn(int)15 b(pos)p Ff(\))120 1621 y Fo(Set)g(the)h(p)q (osition)g(in)g(the)f(history)g(list)h(to)f Fj(p)q(os)p Fo(,)g(an)g(absolute) g(index)i(in)o(to)e(the)g(list.)1725 1779 y(F)l(unction)-1899 b Fh(HIST_ENTRY)21 b(*)e Fg(previous)p 540 1779 V 20 w(history)k Ff(\(\))120 1841 y Fo(Bac)o(k)16 b(up)h(the)g(curren)o(t)f(history)h (o\013set)e(to)h(the)h(previous)g(history)g(en)o(try)l(,)f(and)h(return)f(a)g (p)q(oin)o(ter)120 1903 y(to)f(that)f(en)o(try)l(.)20 b(If)15 b(there)g(is)h(no)f(previous)h(en)o(try)l(,)f(return)g(a)g Fn(NULL)g Fo(p)q(oin)o(ter.)1725 2061 y(F)l(unction)-1899 b Fh(HIST_ENTRY)21 b(*)e Fg(next)p 439 2061 V 21 w(history)k Ff(\(\))120 2123 y Fo(Mo)o(v)o(e)c(the)h(curren)o(t)g(history)f(o\013set)g (forw)o(ard)g(to)g(the)h(next)g(history)g(en)o(try)l(,)g(and)g(return)g(the)g (a)120 2185 y(p)q(oin)o(ter)c(to)e(that)h(en)o(try)l(.)k(If)d(there)f(is)h (no)f(next)g(en)o(try)l(,)g(return)g(a)g Fn(NULL)g Fo(p)q(oin)o(ter.)0 2384 y Fi(2.3.5)30 b(Searc)n(hing)15 b(the)h(History)f(List)62 2521 y Fo(These)e(functions)g(allo)o(w)f(searc)o(hing)h(of)f(the)g(history)g (list)h(for)f(en)o(tries)h(con)o(taining)g(a)f(sp)q(eci\014c)i(string.)19 b(Searc)o(h-)0 2583 y(ing)e(ma)o(y)g(b)q(e)g(p)q(erformed)g(b)q(oth)g(forw)o (ard)f(and)h(bac)o(kw)o(ard)f(from)g(the)h(curren)o(t)f(history)h(p)q (osition.)26 b(The)17 b(searc)o(h)0 2645 y(ma)o(y)d(b)q(e)i Fj(anc)o(hored)p Fo(,)f(meaning)h(that)f(the)g(string)g(m)o(ust)g(matc)o(h)f (at)h(the)g(b)q(eginning)i(of)e(the)h(history)f(en)o(try)l(.)p eop %%Page: 9 11 10 bop 0 -83 a Fo(Chapter)15 b(2:)k(Programming)c(with)g(GNU)g(History)1039 b(9)1725 158 y(F)l(unction)-1899 b Fh(int)20 b Fg(history)p 276 158 18 3 v 20 w(searc)n(h)j Ff(\()p Fn(char)14 b(*string,)g(int)h (direction)p Ff(\))120 221 y Fo(Searc)o(h)k(the)g(history)g(for)f Fj(string)p Fo(,)i(starting)e(at)g(the)h(curren)o(t)g(history)g(o\013set.)30 b(If)19 b Fj(direction)h Fn(<)f Fo(0,)120 283 y(then)14 b(the)f(searc)o(h)g (is)h(through)e(previous)i(en)o(tries,)g(else)g(through)f(subsequen)o(t.)20 b(If)13 b Fj(string)k Fo(is)d(found,)120 345 y(then)f(the)g(curren)o(t)g (history)g(index)i(is)e(set)g(to)f(that)h(history)g(en)o(try)l(,)f(and)i(the) f(v)m(alue)h(returned)f(is)h(the)120 407 y(o\013set)h(in)i(the)f(line)i(of)d (the)h(en)o(try)g(where)g Fj(string)k Fo(w)o(as)c(found.)22 b(Otherwise,)17 b(nothing)f(is)h(c)o(hanged,)120 470 y(and)e(a)g(-1)g(is)h (returned.)1725 659 y(F)l(unction)-1899 b Fh(int)20 b Fg(history)p 276 659 V 20 w(searc)n(h)p 452 659 V 21 w(pre\014x)i Ff(\()p Fn(char)15 b(*string,)f(int)g(direction)p Ff(\))120 721 y Fo(Searc)o(h)22 b(the)h(history)f(for)f Fj(string)p Fo(,)j(starting)e(at)f(the)i(curren)o(t)f (history)g(o\013set.)40 b(The)22 b(searc)o(h)g(is)120 783 y(anc)o(hored:)i (matc)o(hing)18 b(lines)h(m)o(ust)d(b)q(egin)j(with)f Fj(string)p Fo(.)26 b(If)17 b Fj(direction)i Fn(<)e Fo(0,)g(then)h(the)f(searc)o(h)g(is) 120 845 y(through)e(previous)h(en)o(tries,)f(else)i(through)d(subsequen)o(t.) 21 b(If)16 b Fj(string)j Fo(is)d(found,)f(then)h(the)f(curren)o(t)120 908 y(history)20 b(index)i(is)e(set)g(to)g(that)f(en)o(try)l(,)i(and)f(the)g (return)h(v)m(alue)g(is)g(0.)34 b(Otherwise,)22 b(nothing)e(is)120 970 y(c)o(hanged,)15 b(and)h(a)e(-1)h(is)h(returned.)1725 1159 y(F)l(unction)-1899 b Fh(int)20 b Fg(history)p 276 1159 V 20 w(searc)n(h)p 452 1159 V 21 w(p)r(os)h Ff(\()p Fn(char)15 b(*string,)f(int)g (direction,)g(int)h(pos)p Ff(\))120 1221 y Fo(Searc)o(h)d(for)f Fj(string)k Fo(in)d(the)g(history)f(list,)i(starting)e(at)g Fj(p)q(os)p Fo(,)h(an)f(absolute)h(index)h(in)o(to)e(the)h(list.)19 b(If)12 b Fj(di-)120 1283 y(rection)g Fo(is)h(negativ)o(e,)f(the)g(searc)o(h) g(pro)q(ceeds)h(bac)o(kw)o(ard)e(from)g Fj(p)q(os)p Fo(,)i(otherwise)f(forw)o (ard.)17 b(Returns)120 1345 y(the)e(absolute)h(index)g(of)f(the)g(history)h (elemen)o(t)f(where)h Fj(string)j Fo(w)o(as)14 b(found,)h(or)g(-1)g (otherwise.)0 1634 y Fi(2.3.6)30 b(Managing)14 b(the)i(History)f(File)62 1780 y Fo(The)f(History)g(library)h(can)f(read)g(the)g(history)g(from)f(and)i (write)f(it)g(to)f(a)h(\014le.)20 b(This)15 b(section)g(do)q(cumen)o(ts)f (the)0 1842 y(functions)i(for)f(managing)g(a)f(history)i(\014le.)1725 2031 y(F)l(unction)-1899 b Fh(int)20 b Fg(read)p 211 2031 V 20 w(history)i Ff(\()p Fn(char)15 b(*filename)p Ff(\))120 2093 y Fo(Add)i(the)f(con)o(ten)o(ts)g(of)g Fj(\014lename)k Fo(to)c(the)h(history) f(list,)h(a)f(line)i(at)e(a)g(time.)24 b(If)17 b Fj(\014lename)j Fo(is)d Fn(NULL)p Fo(,)120 2155 y(then)f(read)f(from)f(`)p Fn(~/.history)p Fo('.)k(Returns)e(0)e(if)i(successful,)g(or)f(errno)g(if)h (not.)1725 2344 y(F)l(unction)-1899 b Fh(int)20 b Fg(read)p 211 2344 V 20 w(history)p 406 2344 V 20 w(range)i Ff(\()p Fn(char)15 b(*filename,)e(int)i(from,)g(int)f(to)p Ff(\))120 2407 y Fo(Read)j(a)e(range) h(of)f(lines)j(from)d Fj(\014lename)p Fo(,)i(adding)f(them)g(to)f(the)h (history)g(list.)23 b(Start)15 b(reading)i(at)120 2469 y(line)f Fj(from)f Fo(and)g(end)g(at)f Fj(to)p Fo(.)19 b(If)d Fj(from)e Fo(is)h(zero,)f(start)g(at)g(the)h(b)q(eginning.)22 b(If)15 b Fj(to)i Fo(is)e(less)g(than)g Fj(from)p Fo(,)120 2531 y(then)i(read)g(un)o (til)h(the)f(end)g(of)g(the)g(\014le.)25 b(If)17 b Fj(\014lename)k Fo(is)c Fn(NULL)p Fo(,)f(then)i(read)e(from)g(`)p Fn(~/.history)p Fo('.)120 2593 y(Returns)g(0)f(if)g(successful,)h(or)f Fn(errno)g Fo(if)g(not.)p eop %%Page: 10 12 11 bop 0 -83 a Fo(10)1474 b(GNU)15 b(History)g(Library)1725 158 y(F)l(unction)-1899 b Fh(int)20 b Fg(write)p 229 158 18 3 v 22 w(history)i Ff(\()p Fn(char)15 b(*filename)p Ff(\))120 221 y Fo(W)l(rite)20 b(the)g(curren)o(t)f(history)h(to)f Fj(\014lename)p Fo(,)i(o)o(v)o(erwriting)f Fj(\014lename)j Fo(if)d(necessary)l(.)34 b(If)20 b Fj(\014lename)120 283 y Fo(is)d Fn(NULL)p Fo(,)g(then)g(write)g (the)g(history)g(list)h(to)e(`)p Fn(~/.history)p Fo('.)23 b(V)l(alues)18 b(returned)g(are)e(as)h(in)h Fn(read_)120 345 y(history)c(\(\))p Fo(.)1725 504 y(F)l(unction)-1899 b Fh(int)20 b Fg(app)r(end)p 285 504 V 19 w(history)j Ff(\()p Fn(int)14 b(nelements,)g(char)h(*filename)p Ff(\))120 566 y Fo(App)q(end)i(the)e(last)g Fj(nelemen)o(ts)j Fo(of)d(the)g(history)g(list)h(to)f Fj(\014lename)p Fo(.)1725 724 y(F)l(unction)-1899 b Fh(int)20 b Fg(history)p 276 724 V 20 w(truncate)p 507 724 V 21 w(\014le)k Ff(\()p Fn(char)14 b(*filename,)g(int)h(nlines)p Ff(\))120 787 y Fo(T)l(runcate)g(the)h(history) f(\014le)h Fj(\014lename)p Fo(,)g(lea)o(ving)g(only)g(the)f(last)g Fj(nlines)k Fo(lines.)0 988 y Fi(2.3.7)30 b(History)15 b(Expansion)62 1125 y Fo(These)h(functions)g(implemen)o(t)g Fn(csh)p Fo(-lik)o(e)g(history)g (expansion.)1725 1283 y(F)l(unction)-1899 b Fh(int)20 b Fg(history)p 276 1283 V 20 w(expand)j Ff(\()p Fn(char)14 b(*string,)g(char)h(**output)p Ff(\))120 1345 y Fo(Expand)20 b Fj(string)p Fo(,)f(placing)i(the)e(result)h (in)o(to)f Fj(output)p Fo(,)h(a)f(p)q(oin)o(ter)h(to)e(a)h(string)h(\(see)f (Section)h(1.1)120 1408 y([History)15 b(In)o(teraction],)f(page)h(1\).)20 b(Returns:)120 1555 y Fn(0)216 b Fo(If)21 b(no)g(expansions)h(to)q(ok)e (place)h(\(or,)g(if)h(the)f(only)g(c)o(hange)g(in)h(the)f(text)f(w)o(as)g (the)360 1618 y(de-slashifying)d(of)e(the)g(history)h(expansion)g(c)o (haracter\);)120 1701 y Fn(1)216 b Fo(if)16 b(expansions)g(did)g(tak)o(e)e (place;)120 1785 y Fn(-1)192 b Fo(if)16 b(there)f(w)o(as)f(an)h(error)g(in)h (expansion;)120 1869 y Fn(2)216 b Fo(if)14 b(the)f(returned)h(line)h(should)f (only)g(b)q(e)f(displa)o(y)o(ed,)i(but)e(not)g(executed,)h(as)f(with)h(the) 360 1931 y Fn(:p)h Fo(mo)q(di\014er)h(\(see)f(Section)h(1.1.3)e([Mo)q (di\014ers],)h(page)g(2\).)120 2079 y(If)g(an)h(error)e(o)q(curred)i(in)g (expansion,)f(then)h Fj(output)g Fo(con)o(tains)f(a)g(descriptiv)o(e)i(error) d(message.)1725 2238 y(F)l(unction)-1899 b Fh(char)20 b(*)f Fg(history)p 347 2238 V 21 w(arg)p 449 2238 V 19 w(extract)24 b Ff(\()p Fn(int)14 b(first,)h(int)g(last,)f(char)h(*string)p Ff(\))120 2300 y Fo(Extract)10 b(a)h(string)g(segmen)o(t)g(consisting)h(of)f (the)g Fj(\014rst)h Fo(through)f Fj(last)h Fo(argumen)o(ts)e(presen)o(t)h(in) h Fj(string)p Fo(.)120 2362 y(Argumen)o(ts)j(are)g(brok)o(en)g(up)g(as)g(in)h (Bash.)1725 2521 y(F)l(unction)-1899 b Fh(char)20 b(*)f Fg(get)p 249 2521 V 21 w(history)p 445 2521 V 20 w(ev)n(en)n(t)25 b Ff(\()p Fn(char)14 b(*string,)g(int)h(*cindex,)f(int)h(qchar)p Ff(\))120 2583 y Fo(Returns)e(the)f(text)f(of)h(the)g(history)g(ev)o(en)o(t)f (b)q(eginning)k(at)c Fj(string)16 b Fn(+)c Fj(*cindex)p Fo(.)20 b Fj(*cindex)c Fo(is)d(mo)q(di\014ed)120 2645 y(to)h(p)q(oin)o(t)h(to)f (after)h(the)f(ev)o(en)o(t)h(sp)q(eci\014er.)21 b(A)o(t)15 b(function)g(en)o(try)l(,)f Fj(cindex)20 b Fo(p)q(oin)o(ts)15 b(to)f(the)h(index)h(in)o(to)p eop %%Page: 11 13 12 bop 0 -83 a Fo(Chapter)15 b(2:)k(Programming)c(with)g(GNU)g(History)1017 b(11)120 158 y Fj(string)17 b Fo(where)d(the)f(history)h(ev)o(en)o(t)f(sp)q (eci\014cation)i(b)q(egins.)20 b Fj(qc)o(har)d Fo(is)c(a)g(c)o(haracter)g (that)g(is)h(allo)o(w)o(ed)120 221 y(to)h(end)g(the)h(ev)o(en)o(t)f(sp)q (eci\014cation)i(in)f(addition)g(to)f(the)g(\\normal")g(terminating)g(c)o (haracters.)1725 394 y(F)l(unction)-1899 b Fh(char)20 b(**)f Fg(history)p 373 394 18 3 v 21 w(tok)n(enize)25 b Ff(\()p Fn(char)14 b(*string)p Ff(\))120 456 y Fo(Return)k(an)f(arra)o(y)f(of)h(tok)o(ens)f (parsed)i(out)e(of)h Fj(string)p Fo(,)g(m)o(uc)o(h)h(as)e(the)i(shell)g(migh) o(t.)26 b(The)17 b(tok)o(ens)120 519 y(are)c(split)h(on)f(white)g(space)h (and)f(on)g(the)g(c)o(haracters)f Fn(\(\)<>;&|$)p Fo(,)g(and)h(shell)i (quoting)e(con)o(v)o(en)o(tions)120 581 y(are)i(ob)q(ey)o(ed.)0 840 y Fm(2.4)33 b(History)15 b(V)-6 b(ariables)62 981 y Fo(This)16 b(section)g(describ)q(es)h(the)e(externally)h(visible)i(v)m(ariables)e(exp)q (orted)g(b)o(y)f(the)g(GNU)g(History)g(Library)l(.)1736 1155 y(V)l(ariable)-1899 b Fh(int)20 b Fg(history)p 276 1155 V 20 w(base)120 1217 y Fo(The)15 b(logical)i(o\013set)d(of)h(the)g(\014rst)g(en)o (try)g(in)h(the)f(history)g(list.)1736 1390 y(V)l(ariable)-1899 b Fh(int)20 b Fg(history)p 276 1390 V 20 w(length)120 1453 y Fo(The)15 b(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)h(of)f(en)o(tries)g(curren)o(tly)h(stored)f(in) h(the)f(history)g(list.)1736 1626 y(V)l(ariable)-1899 b Fh(int)20 b Fg(max)p 208 1626 V 19 w(input)p 360 1626 V 21 w(history)120 1689 y Fo(The)12 b(maxim)o(um)g(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)g(of)f(history)h(en)o(tries.) 19 b(This)12 b(m)o(ust)f(b)q(e)h(c)o(hanged)g(using)h Fn(stifle_history)120 1751 y(\(\))p Fo(.)1736 1924 y(V)l(ariable)-1899 b Fh(char)20 b Fg(history)p 302 1924 V 20 w(expansion)p 569 1924 V 21 w(c)n(har)120 1987 y Fo(The)15 b(c)o(haracter)g(that)f(starts)g(a)h(history)g(ev)o(en)o(t.) 20 b(The)15 b(default)h(is)g(`)p Fn(!)p Fo('.)1736 2160 y(V)l(ariable)-1899 b Fh(char)20 b Fg(history)p 302 2160 V 20 w(subst)p 454 2160 V 20 w(c)n(har)120 2222 y Fo(The)13 b(c)o(haracter)e(that)h(in)o(v)o(ok)o(es) g(w)o(ord)g(substitution)h(if)g(found)g(at)e(the)i(start)e(of)h(a)g(line.)21 b(The)12 b(default)120 2285 y(is)k(`)p Fn(^)p Fo('.)1736 2458 y(V)l(ariable)-1899 b Fh(char)20 b Fg(history)p 302 2458 V 20 w(commen)n(t)p 552 2458 V 19 w(c)n(har)120 2521 y Fo(During)12 b(tok)o(enization,)h(if)f(this)h(c)o(haracter)e(is)i(seen)f(as)g(the)g (\014rst)f(c)o(haracter)g(of)h(a)g(w)o(ord,)f(then)i(it)f(and)120 2583 y(all)19 b(subsequen)o(t)g(c)o(haracters)e(up)h(to)g(a)f(newline)j(are)e (ignored,)h(suppressing)g(history)f(expansion)120 2645 y(for)d(the)g (remainder)h(of)f(the)g(line.)21 b(This)16 b(is)g(disabled)h(b)o(y)e (default.)p eop %%Page: 12 14 13 bop 0 -83 a Fo(12)1474 b(GNU)15 b(History)g(Library)1736 158 y(V)l(ariable)-1899 b Fh(char)20 b(*)f Fg(history)p 347 158 18 3 v 21 w(no)p 429 158 V 20 w(expand)p 629 158 V 20 w(c)n(hars)120 221 y Fo(The)f(list)g(of)g(c)o(haracters)e(whic)o(h)j(inhibit)h(history)d (expansion)i(if)f(found)g(immediately)h(follo)o(wing)120 283 y Fj(history)p 261 283 14 2 v 16 w(expansion)p 472 283 V 18 w(c)o(har)p Fo(.)g(The)d(default)f(is)h(whitespace)g(and)g(`)p Fn(=)p Fo('.)0 575 y Fm(2.5)33 b(History)15 b(Programming)h(Example)62 720 y Fo(The)g(follo)o(wing)g(program)e(demonstrates)g(simple)j(use)e(of)g (the)g(GNU)g(History)g(Library)l(.)120 852 y Fn(main)23 b(\(\))120 902 y({)168 951 y(char)g(line[1024],)f(*t;)168 1001 y(int)h(len,)g(done)h(=)g (0;)168 1101 y(line[0])f(=)g(0;)168 1201 y(using_history)f(\(\);)168 1250 y(while)h(\(!done\))215 1300 y({)263 1350 y(printf)g(\("history$)g("\);) 263 1400 y(fflush)g(\(stdout\);)263 1450 y(t)h(=)g(fgets)f(\(line,)g(sizeof)g (\(line\))g(-)h(1,)f(stdin\);)263 1499 y(if)h(\(t)f(&&)h(*t\))311 1549 y({)359 1599 y(len)f(=)h(strlen)f(\(t\);)359 1649 y(if)g(\(t[len)g(-)h (1])g(==)f('\\n'\))406 1699 y(t[len)h(-)f(1])h(=)g('\\0';)311 1748 y(})263 1848 y(if)g(\(!t\))311 1898 y(strcpy)f(\(line,)g("quit"\);)263 1998 y(if)h(\(line[0]\))311 2047 y({)359 2097 y(char)f(*expansion;)359 2147 y(int)g(result;)359 2247 y(result)g(=)g(history_expand)f(\(line,)h (&expansion\);)359 2296 y(if)g(\(result\))406 2346 y(fprintf)g(\(stderr,)g ("\045s\\n",)g(expansion\);)359 2446 y(if)g(\(result)g(<)h(0)g(||)f(result)g (==)h(2\))406 2496 y({)454 2545 y(free)f(\(expansion\);)454 2595 y(continue;)406 2645 y(})p eop %%Page: 13 15 14 bop 0 -83 a Fo(Chapter)15 b(2:)k(Programming)c(with)g(GNU)g(History)1017 b(13)359 208 y Fn(add_history)22 b(\(expansion\);)359 258 y(strncpy)h (\(line,)g(expansion,)f(sizeof)h(\(line\))g(-)h(1\);)359 308 y(free)f(\(expansion\);)311 358 y(})263 457 y(if)h(\(strcmp)f(\(line,)g ("quit"\))g(==)g(0\))311 507 y(done)g(=)h(1;)263 557 y(else)f(if)h(\(strcmp)f (\(line,)g("save"\))g(==)h(0\))311 607 y(write_history)e(\("history_file"\);) 263 656 y(else)h(if)h(\(strcmp)f(\(line,)g("read"\))g(==)h(0\))311 706 y(read_history)e(\("history_file"\);)263 756 y(else)h(if)h(\(strcmp)f (\(line,)g("list"\))g(==)h(0\))311 806 y({)359 856 y(register)e(HIST_ENTRY)h (**the_list;)359 906 y(register)f(int)i(i;)359 1005 y(the_list)e(=)i (history_list)e(\(\);)359 1055 y(if)h(\(the_list\))406 1105 y(for)h(\(i)f(=)h(0;)g(the_list[i];)e(i++\))454 1155 y(printf)h(\("\045d:)g (\045s\\n",)g(i)h(+)g(history_base,)e(the_list[i]->line\);)311 1204 y(})263 1254 y(else)h(if)h(\(strncmp)f(\(line,)g("delete",)g(6\))g(==)h (0\))311 1304 y({)359 1354 y(int)f(which;)359 1404 y(if)g(\(\(sscanf)g (\(line)g(+)h(6,)f("\045d",)h(&which\)\))e(==)i(1\))406 1453 y({)454 1503 y(HIST_ENTRY)f(*entry)g(=)g(remove_history)f(\(which\);)454 1553 y(if)i(\(!entry\))502 1603 y(fprintf)f(\(stderr,)f("No)i(such)f(entry)g (\045d\\n",)g(which\);)454 1653 y(else)502 1703 y({)550 1752 y(free)g(\(entry->line\);)550 1802 y(free)g(\(entry\);)502 1852 y(})406 1902 y(})359 1952 y(else)406 2001 y({)454 2051 y(fprintf)g(\(stderr,)g("non-numeric)f(arg)h(given)h(to)f(`delete'\\n"\);)406 2101 y(})311 2151 y(})215 2201 y(})120 2250 y(})p eop %%Page: 14 16 15 bop 0 -83 a Fo(14)1474 b(GNU)15 b(History)g(Library)p eop %%Page: 15 17 16 bop 0 -83 a Fo(App)q(endix)17 b(A:)e(Concept)g(Index)1346 b(15)0 158 y Fk(App)r(endix)13 b(A)41 b(Concept)15 b(Index)0 405 y Fm(A)0 471 y Fe(anc)o(hored)f(searc)o(h)5 b Fd(:)i(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)18 b Fe(8)0 579 y Fm(E)0 646 y Fe(ev)o(en)o(t)13 b(designators)g Fd(:)6 b(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)23 b Fe(1)1015 405 y(expansion)5 b Fd(:)k(:)d(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:) g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)18 b Fe(1)1015 521 y Fm(H)1015 587 y Fe(history)d(ev)o(en)o(ts)5 b Fd(:)i(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:) g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)18 b Fe(1)1015 646 y(History)c(Searc)o(hing)7 b Fd(:)h(:)e(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)20 b Fe(8)p eop %%Page: 16 18 17 bop 0 -83 a Fo(16)1474 b(GNU)15 b(History)g(Library)p eop %%Page: 17 19 18 bop 0 -83 a Fo(App)q(endix)17 b(B:)e(F)l(unction)h(and)g(V)l(ariable)g (Index)1069 b(17)0 158 y Fk(App)r(endix)13 b(B)41 b(F)-7 b(unction)15 b(and)g(V)-7 b(ariable)14 b(Index)0 405 y Fm(A)0 471 y Fc(add)p 62 471 12 2 v 13 w(history)8 b Fd(:)s(:)e(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)20 b Fe(7)0 529 y Fc(append)p 122 529 V 12 w(history)9 b Fd(:)d(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)24 b Fe(10)0 654 y Fm(C)0 720 y Fc(current)p 142 720 V 11 w(history)9 b Fd(:)d(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)24 b Fe(8)0 845 y Fm(G)0 911 y Fc(get)p 62 911 V 13 w(history)p 215 911 V 11 w(event)9 b Fd(:)d(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)23 b Fe(10)0 1036 y Fm(H)0 1102 y Fc(history)p 142 1102 V 11 w(arg)p 213 1102 V 13 w(extract)8 b Fd(:)t(:)e(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)21 b Fe(10)0 1160 y Fc(history)p 142 1160 V 11 w(base)e Fd(:)6 b(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:) g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h (:)f(:)g(:)20 b Fe(11)0 1218 y Fc(history)p 142 1218 V 11 w(comment)p 293 1218 V 12 w(char)g Fd(:)6 b(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)21 b Fe(11)0 1276 y Fc(history)p 142 1276 V 11 w(expand)10 b Fd(:)c(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)24 b Fe(10)0 1335 y Fc(history)p 142 1335 V 11 w(expansion)p 333 1335 V 11 w(char)17 b Fd(:)7 b(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)19 b Fe(11)0 1393 y Fc(history)p 142 1393 V 11 w(get)8 b Fd(:)d(:)h(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:) f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)20 b Fe(8)0 1451 y Fc(history)p 142 1451 V 11 w(get)p 213 1451 V 13 w(history)p 366 1451 V 12 w(state)t Fd(:)t(:)6 b(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)17 b Fe(6)0 1509 y Fc(history)p 142 1509 V 11 w(is)p 193 1509 V 14 w(stifled)7 b Fd(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)23 b Fe(7)0 1567 y Fc(history)p 142 1567 V 11 w(length)16 b Fd(:)6 b(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)18 b Fe(11)0 1625 y Fc(history)p 142 1625 V 11 w(list)7 b Fd(:)t(:)g(:)f(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)19 b Fe(7)0 1683 y Fc(history)p 142 1683 V 11 w(no)p 193 1683 V 14 w(expand)p 327 1683 V 12 w(chars)f Fd(:)6 b(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)20 b Fe(12)0 1741 y Fc(history)p 142 1741 V 11 w(search)t Fd(:)t(:)6 b(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)17 b Fe(9)0 1800 y Fc(history)p 142 1800 V 11 w(search)p 273 1800 V 12 w(pos)9 b Fd(:)d(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)23 b Fe(9)0 1858 y Fc(history)p 142 1858 V 11 w(search)p 273 1858 V 12 w(prefix)6 b Fd(:)t(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)19 b Fe(9)0 1916 y Fc(history)p 142 1916 V 11 w(set)p 213 1916 V 13 w(history)p 366 1916 V 12 w(state)t Fd(:)t(:)6 b(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)17 b Fe(6)0 1974 y Fc(history)p 142 1974 V 11 w(set)p 213 1974 V 13 w(pos)5 b Fd(:)h(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)18 b Fe(8)0 2032 y Fc(history)p 142 2032 V 11 w(subst)p 253 2032 V 13 w(char)k Fd(:)6 b(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)24 b Fe(11)1015 405 y Fc(history)p 1157 405 V 12 w(tokenize)9 b Fd(:)s(:)d(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)22 b Fe(11)1015 463 y Fc(history)p 1157 463 V 12 w(total)p 1269 463 V 12 w(bytes)9 b Fd(:)t(:)d(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)22 b Fe(8)1015 521 y Fc(history)p 1157 521 V 12 w(truncate)p 1329 521 V 11 w(file)5 b Fd(:)g(:)h(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:) f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)19 b Fe(10)1015 629 y Fm(M)1015 695 y Fc(max)p 1077 695 V 13 w(input)p 1190 695 V 13 w(history)14 b Fd(:)6 b(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g (:)g(:)17 b Fe(11)1015 803 y Fm(N)1015 870 y Fc(next)p 1097 870 V 13 w(history)7 b Fd(:)s(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)20 b Fe(8)1015 978 y Fm(P)1015 1044 y Fc(previous)p 1177 1044 V 12 w(history)7 b Fd(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h (:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)23 b Fe(8)1015 1152 y Fm(R)1015 1218 y Fc(read)p 1097 1218 V 13 w(history)7 b Fd(:)s(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)20 b Fe(9)1015 1276 y Fc(read)p 1097 1276 V 13 w(history)p 1250 1276 V 11 w(range)9 b Fd(:)d(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:) g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)23 b Fe(9)1015 1335 y Fc(remove)p 1137 1335 V 12 w(history)t Fd(:)t(:)6 b(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)17 b Fe(7)1015 1393 y Fc(replace)p 1157 1393 V 12 w(history)p 1309 1393 V 11 w(entry)6 b Fd(:)f(:)h(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h (:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)19 b Fe(7)1015 1501 y Fm(S)1015 1567 y Fc(stifle)p 1137 1567 V 12 w(history)t Fd(:)t(:)6 b(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h (:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)17 b Fe(7)1015 1675 y Fm(U)1015 1741 y Fc(unstifle)p 1177 1741 V 12 w(history)7 b Fd(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h (:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)23 b Fe(7)1015 1800 y Fc(using)p 1117 1800 V 13 w(history)5 b Fd(:)s(:)h(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)18 b Fe(6)1015 1907 y Fm(W)1015 1974 y Fc(where)p 1117 1974 V 13 w(history)5 b Fd(:)s(:)h(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)18 b Fe(8)1015 2032 y Fc(write)p 1117 2032 V 13 w(history)5 b Fd(:)s(:)h(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)18 b Fe(9)p eop %%Page: 18 20 19 bop 0 -83 a Fo(18)1474 b(GNU)15 b(History)g(Library)p eop %%Page: -1 21 20 bop 1937 -83 a Fo(i)0 158 y Fk(T)-7 b(able)15 b(of)g(Con)n(ten)n(ts)0 333 y Fm(1)67 b(Using)22 b(History)h(In)n(teractiv)n(ely)9 b Fb(:)k(:)d(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)31 b Fm(1)149 411 y Fo(1.1)45 b(History)15 b(In)o(teraction)9 b Fa(:)f(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)23 b Fo(1)299 473 y(1.1.1)44 b(Ev)o(en)o(t)14 b(Designators)6 b Fa(:)h(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f (:)g(:)g(:)20 b Fo(1)299 535 y(1.1.2)44 b(W)l(ord)15 b(Designators)9 b Fa(:)d(:)h(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h (:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)h(:)f(:)23 b Fo(2)299 597 y(1.1.3)44 b(Mo)q(di\014ers)14 b Fa(:)8 b(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:) g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)28 b Fo(2)0 722 y Fm(2)67 b(Programming)23 b(with)g(GNU)f(History)13 b Fb(:)e(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h (:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)36 b Fm(5)149 800 y Fo(2.1)45 b(In)o(tro)q(duction)16 b(to)f(History)6 b Fa(:)h(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)20 b Fo(5)149 862 y(2.2)45 b(History)15 b(Storage)d Fa(:)7 b(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)27 b Fo(5)149 924 y(2.3)45 b(History)15 b(F)l(unctions)c Fa(:)d(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h (:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)25 b Fo(6)299 986 y(2.3.1)44 b(Initializing)18 b(History)d(and)h(State)e(Managemen)o(t)f Fa(:)7 b(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:) g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)27 b Fo(6)299 1049 y(2.3.2)44 b(History)15 b(List)h(Managemen)o(t)c Fa(:)7 b(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h (:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)28 b Fo(7)299 1111 y(2.3.3)44 b(Information)15 b(Ab)q(out)g(the)h(History) f(List)5 b Fa(:)i(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)19 b Fo(7)299 1173 y(2.3.4)44 b(Mo)o(ving)15 b(Around)g(the)g(History)g(List)6 b Fa(:)i(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:) g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)20 b Fo(8)299 1236 y(2.3.5)44 b(Searc)o(hing)16 b(the)f(History)g(List)7 b Fa(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)21 b Fo(8)299 1298 y(2.3.6)44 b(Managing)15 b(the)g(History)g(File)5 b Fa(:)j(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)19 b Fo(9)299 1360 y(2.3.7)44 b(History)15 b(Expansion)d Fa(:)7 b(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)26 b Fo(10)149 1422 y(2.4)45 b(History)15 b(V)l(ariables)5 b Fa(:)k(:)e(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)20 b Fo(11)149 1485 y(2.5)45 b(History)15 b(Programming)f(Example)8 b Fa(:)g(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:) g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)23 b Fo(12)0 1609 y Fm(App)r(endix)h(A)67 b(Concept)22 b(Index)15 b Fb(:)c(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g (:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)37 b Fm(15)0 1749 y(App)r(endix)24 b(B)67 b(F)-6 b(unction)25 b(and)e(V)-6 b(ariable)24 b(Index)8 b Fb(:)j(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)31 b Fm(17)p eop %%Page: -2 22 21 bop 0 -83 a Fo(ii)1496 b(GNU)15 b(History)g(Library)p eop %%Trailer end userdict /end-hook known{end-hook}if %%EOF bash-1.14.3/lib/readline/doc/history.dvi 664 436 0 134420 5617760740 16236 0ustar chetwheel÷ƒ’À;è TeX output 1994.08.03:1428‹ÿÿÿÿŸòŽ ƒ3Ú ý†Ì& g®óUÂÖN ¼j cmbx12ëUGNU–ƧHistory“LibraryŽŸ 0‰ÕÁGŸ šª’ùcó2Kñ`y ó3 cmr10ÝEdition–¦f2.0,“for“ó3ßêÝis“negativš²!e,‘àthe“searc˜h“proMÞceeds“bac˜kw˜ard“from“ápMÞosÝ,‘àotherwise“forw˜ard.‘›ÐReturnsŽ¡‘èUthe–¦fabsolute“index“of“the“history“elemenš²!t“where“ástring‘–~Ýw˜as“found,“or“-1“otherwise.ŽŸEyLëM2.3.6‘d(Managing–¦Mthe“History“FileŽŽŸ#)ì‘ÝThe–[óHistory“library“can“read“the“history“from“and“write“it“to“a“ le.‘Å This“section“doMÞcumen²!ts“theŽ¡functions–¦ffor“managing“a“history“ le.Ž¦’Ÿ »F‘ÿeunctionŽŽçint‘™˜æread‘Óõ‰ˆŠ#ØŽ‘÷Íhistory‘yšâ(Þchar‘¦f*filenameâ)Ž¡‘èUÝAdd–ògthe“con•²!ten“ts–ògof“á lename›nÝto“the“history“list,‘ga“line“at“a“time.‘ÁàIf“á lename˜Ýis“ÞNULLÝ,Ž¡‘èUthen–¦fread“from“`Þ~/.historyÝ'.‘ÝÝReturns“0“if“successful,“or“errno“if“not.Ž¦’Ÿ »F‘ÿeunctionŽŽçint‘™˜æread‘Óõ‰ˆŠ#ØŽ–÷Íhistory‘Óõ‰ˆŠ#ØŽ“range‘yšâ(Þchar–¦f*filename,“int“from,“int“toâ)Ž¡‘èUÝRead–ÒHa“range“of“lines“from“á lenameÝ,‘Ý@adding“them“to“the“history“list.‘aƒStart“reading“atŽ¡‘èUline–+áfrom“Ýand“end“at“átoÝ.›ÖtIf“áfrom“Ýis“zero,‘”start“at“the“bMÞeginning.˜If“áto‘ûÝis“less“than“áfromÝ,Ž¡‘èUthen– ¦read“un²!til“the“end“of“the“ le.‘ œIf“á lename‘§­Ýis“ÞNULLÝ,‘#µthen“read“from“`Þ~/.historyÝ'.Ž¡‘èUReturns–¦f0“if“successful,“or“Þerrno“Ýif“not.ŽŽŸŒ‹ <ïŸòÝ10’cOæGNU–¦fHistory“LibraryŽŽŽ ƒ3Ú ý¨ðÐ’Ÿ »F‘ÿeunctionŽŽçint‘™˜æwrite‘Óõ‰ˆŠ#ØŽ‘÷Íhistory‘yšâ(Þchar‘¦f*filenameâ)Ž¤‘èUÝW‘ÿerite–º£the“currenš²!t“history“to“á lenameÝ,‘ÿ±o˜v˜erwriting“á lename‘WªÝif“necessary‘ÿe.‘“If“á lenameŽ¡‘èUÝis–LÞNULLÝ,‘.…then“write“the“history“list“to“`Þ~/.historyÝ'.‘$V‘ÿealues“returned“are“as“in“Þread_Ž¡‘èUhistory‘¦f()Ý.Ž©&/í’Ÿ »F‘ÿeunctionŽŽçint‘™˜æappb"end‘Óõ‰ˆŠ#ØŽ‘÷Íhistory‘yšâ(Þint–¦fnelements,“char“*filenameâ)Ž¡‘èUÝAppMÞend–¦fthe“last“ánelemen²!ts‘èÝof“the“history“list“to“á lenameÝ.Ž¦’Ÿ »F‘ÿeunctionŽŽçint‘™˜æhistory‘Óõ‰ˆŠ#ØŽ–÷Ítruncate‘Óõ‰ˆŠ#ØŽ“ le‘yšâ(Þchar–¦f*filename,“int“nlinesâ)Ž¡‘èUÝT‘ÿeruncate–¦fthe“history“ le“á lenameÝ,“lea²!ving“only“the“last“ánlines‘èÝlines.ŽŸ0_ÚëM2.3.7‘d(History‘¦MExpansionŽŽŸ!‘ÝThese–¦ffunctions“implemenš²!t“ÞcshÝ-lik˜e“history“expansion.Ž¦’Ÿ »F‘ÿeunctionŽŽçint‘™˜æhistory‘Óõ‰ˆŠ#ØŽ‘÷Íexpand‘yšâ(Þchar–¦f*string,“char“**outputâ)Ž¡‘èUÝExpand– ÃástringÝ,›ßZplacing“the“result“in²!to“áoutputÝ,˜a“pMÞoin²!ter“to“a“string“(see“Section“1.1Ž¡‘èU[History–¦fIn²!teraction],“page“1).‘ÝÝReturns:Ž©#—÷‘èUÞ0ŽŽ‘V¹HÝIf–œno“expansions“toMÞok“place“(or,‘Xiif“the“only“cš²!hange“in“the“text“w˜as“theŽ¡‘V¹Hde-slashifying–¦fof“the“history“expansion“c²!haracter);Ž¤/î‘èUÞ1ŽŽ‘V¹HÝif–¦fexpansions“did“tak²!e“place;Ž¡‘èUÞ-1ŽŽ‘V¹HÝif–¦fthere“w²!as“an“error“in“expansion;Ž¡‘èUÞ2ŽŽ‘V¹HÝif–-‡the“returned“line“should“only“bMÞe“displa•²!y“ed,›E³but–-‡not“executed,˜as“with“theŽ¤‘V¹HÞ:p–¦fÝmošMÞdi er“(see“Section“1.1.3“[Mo˜di ers],“page“2).Ž¦‘èUIf–¦fan“error“oMÞcurred“in“expansion,“then“áoutput‘ãfÝconš²!tains“a“descriptiv˜e“error“message.Ž©&/í’Ÿ »F‘ÿeunctionŽŽçchar–™˜*“æhistory‘Óõ‰ˆŠ#ØŽ–÷Íarg‘Óõ‰ˆŠ#ØŽ“extract‘yšâ(Þint–¦ffirst,“int“last,“char“*stringâ)Ž¡‘èUÝExtract–¯Za“string“segmen²!t“consisting“of“the“á rst›ìZÝthrough“álast˜Ýargumenš²!ts“presen˜t“in“ástringÝ.Ž¡‘èUArgumenš²!ts–¦fare“brok˜en“up“as“in“Bash.Ž¦’Ÿ »F‘ÿeunctionŽŽçchar–™˜*“æget‘Óõ‰ˆŠ#ØŽ–÷Íhistory‘Óõ‰ˆŠ#ØŽ“ev•Þen“t‘yšâ(Þchar–¦f*string,“int“*cindex,“int“qcharâ)Ž¡‘èUÝReturns–áTthe“text“of“the“history“ev•²!en“t–áTbšMÞeginning“at“ástring‘ÑlÞ+“á*cindexÝ.‘œ,á*cindex‘¢³Ýis“mo˜di edŽ¡‘èUto–‹pMÞoinš²!t“to“after“the“ev˜en˜t“spMÞeci er.‘ÔïA˜t“function“en˜try‘ÿe,‘øácindex‘LüÝpMÞoin˜ts“to“the“index“in˜toŽŽŸŒ‹ HŸòÝChapter–¦f2:‘ÝÝProgramming“with“GNU“History’ôÞ}11ŽŽŽ ƒ3Ú ý¨ðБèUástring‘#ïÝwhere–3×the“history“ev•²!en“t–3×spšMÞeci cation“b˜egins.‘·­áqcš²!har‘ýÝis“a“c˜haracter“that“is“allo˜w˜edŽ¤‘èUto–¦fend“the“ev•²!en“t–¦fspMÞeci cation“in“addition“to“the“\normal"“terminating“c²!haracters.Ž©)Ïì’Ÿ »F‘ÿeunctionŽŽçchar–™˜**“æhistory‘Óõ‰ˆŠ#ØŽ‘÷ÍtokÞenize‘yšâ(Þchar‘¦f*stringâ)Ž¡‘èUÝReturn– Ôan“arraš²!y“of“tok˜ens“parsed“out“of“ástringÝ,‘?om˜uc˜h“as“the“shell“migh˜t.‘M&The“tok˜ensŽ¡‘èUare–~split“on“white“space“and“on“the“cš²!haracters“Þ()<>;&|$Ý,‘:yand“shell“quoting“con˜v˜en˜tionsŽ¡‘èUare‘¦fobMÞey²!ed.ŽŸ>oÄëE2.4‘™History‘¦MV‘þ¦fariablesŽŽŸ!ïù‘ÝThis–¦fsection“describšMÞes“the“externally“visible“v‘ÿdDariables“exp˜orted“b²!y“the“GNU“History“Library‘ÿe.Ž¦’¢.ÑV‘ÿeariableŽŽçint‘™˜æhistory‘Óõ‰ˆŠ#ØŽ‘÷ÍbaseŽ¡‘èUÝThe–¦flogical“o set“of“the“ rst“en²!try“in“the“history“list.Ž¦’¢.ÑV‘ÿeariableŽŽçint‘™˜æhistory‘Óõ‰ˆŠ#ØŽ‘÷ÍlengthŽ¡‘èUÝThe›¦fn•²!um“bMÞer˜of˜en“tries˜curren“tly˜stored˜in˜the˜history˜list.Ž¦’¢.ÑV‘ÿeariableŽŽçint‘™˜æmax‘Óõ‰ˆŠ#ØŽ–÷Íinput‘Óõ‰ˆŠ#ØŽ“historyŽ¡‘èUÝThe–Ïmaximš²!um“n˜um˜bMÞer“of“history“en˜tries.‘–This“m˜ust“bMÞe“c˜hanged“using“Þstifle_historyŽ¡‘èU()Ý.Ž¦’¢.ÑV‘ÿeariableŽŽçchar‘™˜æhistory‘Óõ‰ˆŠ#ØŽ–÷Íexpansion‘Óõ‰ˆŠ#ØŽ“cÞharŽ¡‘èUÝThe–¦fcš²!haracter“that“starts“a“history“ev˜en˜t.‘ÝÝThe“default“is“`Þ!Ý'.Ž¦’¢.ÑV‘ÿeariableŽŽçchar‘™˜æhistory‘Óõ‰ˆŠ#ØŽ–÷Ísubst‘Óõ‰ˆŠ#ØŽ“cÞharŽ¡‘èUÝThe–ù8cš²!haracter“that“in˜v˜ok˜es“w˜ord“substitution“if“found“at“the“start“of“a“line.‘¤#The“defaultŽ¡‘èUis‘¦f`Þ^Ý'.Ž¦’¢.ÑV‘ÿeariableŽŽçchar‘™˜æhistory‘Óõ‰ˆŠ#ØŽ–÷ÍcommenšÞt‘Óõ‰ˆŠ#ØŽ“c˜harŽ¡‘èUÝDuring–ßYtokš²!enization,‘(if“this“c˜haracter“is“seen“as“the“ rst“c˜haracter“of“a“w˜ord,‘(then“it“andŽ¡‘èUall–TGsubsequenš²!t“c˜haracters“up“to“a“newline“are“ignored,‘¿suppressing“history“expansionŽ¡‘èUfor–¦fthe“remainder“of“the“line.‘ÝÝThis“is“disabled“b²!y“default.ŽŽŸŒ‹ QߟòÝ12’cOæGNU–¦fHistory“LibraryŽŽŽ ƒ3Ú ý¨ðÐ’¢.ÑV‘ÿeariableŽŽçchar–™˜*“æhistory‘Óõ‰ˆŠ#ØŽ–÷Íno‘Óõ‰ˆŠ#ØŽ“expand‘Óõ‰ˆŠ#ØŽ“cÞharsŽ¤‘èUÝThe–<Ÿlist“of“cš²!haracters“whic˜h“inhibit“history“expansion“if“found“immediately“follo˜wingŽ¡‘èUáhistory‘¨/‰x³HøŽ–ñ'expansion‘¨/‰x³HøŽ“c²!harÝ.‘ÝÝThe–¦fdefault“is“whitespace“and“`Þ=Ý'.ŽŸFi„ëE2.5‘™History–¦MProgramming“ExampleŽŽŸ"ÒÖ‘ÝThe–¦ffollo²!wing“program“demonstrates“simple“use“of“the“GNU“History“Library‘ÿe.ŽŸÒÖ‘èUÞmain‘¿ª()Ž¤ ‘èU{Ž¡‘(g©char–¿ªline[1024],“*t;Ž¡‘(g©int–¿ªlen,“done“=“0;Ž¤‘(g©line[0]–¿ª=“0;Ž¡‘(g©using_history‘¿ª();Ž¤ ‘(g©while‘¿ª(!done)Ž¡‘3æý{Ž¡‘?fQprintf–¿ª("history$“");Ž¡‘?fQfflush‘¿ª(stdout);Ž¡‘?fQt–¿ª=“fgets“(line,“sizeof“(line)“-“1,“stdin);Ž¡‘?fQif–¿ª(t“&&“*t)Ž¡‘Jå¥{Ž¡‘Vdùlen–¿ª=“strlen“(t);Ž¡‘Vdùif–¿ª(t[len“-“1]“==“'\n')Ž¡‘aäMt[len–¿ª-“1]“=“'\0';Ž¡‘Jå¥}Ž©‘?fQif‘¿ª(!t)Ž¡‘Jå¥strcpy–¿ª(line,“"quit");Ž¦‘?fQif‘¿ª(line[0])Ž¡‘Jå¥{Ž¡‘Vdùchar‘¿ª*expansion;Ž¡‘Vdùint‘¿ªresult;Ž¦‘Vdùresult–¿ª=“history_expand“(line,“&expansion);Ž¡‘Vdùif‘¿ª(result)Ž¡‘aäMfprintf–¿ª(stderr,“"%s\n",“expansion);Ž¦‘Vdùif–¿ª(result“<“0“||“result“==“2)Ž¡‘aäM{Ž¡‘mc¡free‘¿ª(expansion);Ž¡‘mc¡continue;Ž¡‘aäM}ŽŽŸŒ‹ Z&ŸòÝChapter–¦f2:‘ÝÝProgramming“with“GNU“History’ôÞ}13ŽŽŽ ƒ3Ú ý´ðБVdùÞadd_history‘¿ª(expansion);Ž¤ ‘Vdùstrncpy–¿ª(line,“expansion,“sizeof“(line)“-“1);Ž¡‘Vdùfree‘¿ª(expansion);Ž¡‘Jå¥}Ž©‘?fQif–¿ª(strcmp“(line,“"quit")“==“0)Ž¡‘Jå¥done–¿ª=“1;Ž¡‘?fQelse–¿ªif“(strcmp“(line,“"save")“==“0)Ž¡‘Jå¥write_history‘¿ª("history_file");Ž¡‘?fQelse–¿ªif“(strcmp“(line,“"read")“==“0)Ž¡‘Jå¥read_history‘¿ª("history_file");Ž¡‘?fQelse–¿ªif“(strcmp“(line,“"list")“==“0)Ž¡‘Jå¥{Ž¡‘Vdùregister–¿ªHIST_ENTRY“**the_list;Ž¡‘Vdùregister–¿ªint“i;Ž¦‘Vdùthe_list–¿ª=“history_list“();Ž¡‘Vdùif‘¿ª(the_list)Ž¡‘aäMfor–¿ª(i“=“0;“the_list[i];“i++)Ž¡‘mc¡printf–¿ª("%d:“%s\n",“i“+“history_base,“the_list[i]->line);Ž¡‘Jå¥}Ž¡‘?fQelse–¿ªif“(strncmp“(line,“"delete",“6)“==“0)Ž¡‘Jå¥{Ž¡‘Vdùint‘¿ªwhich;Ž¡‘Vdùif–¿ª((sscanf“(line“+“6,“"%d",“&which))“==“1)Ž¡‘aäM{Ž¡‘mc¡HIST_ENTRY–¿ª*entry“=“remove_history“(which);Ž¡‘mc¡if‘¿ª(!entry)Ž¡‘xâõfprintf–¿ª(stderr,“"No“such“entry“%d\n",“which);Ž¡‘mc¡elseŽ¡‘xâõ{Ž¡’„bIfree‘¿ª(entry->line);Ž¡’„bIfree‘¿ª(entry);Ž¡‘xâõ}Ž¡‘aäM}Ž¡‘VdùelseŽ¡‘aäM{Ž¡‘mc¡fprintf–¿ª(stderr,“"non-numeric“arg“given“to“`delete'\n");Ž¡‘aäM}Ž¡‘Jå¥}Ž¡‘3æý}Ž¡‘èU}ŽŽŸŒ‹_UŸòÝ14’cOæGNU–¦fHistory“LibraryŽŽŽ ƒ3ÚŸŒ‹d@ŸòÝAppMÞendix–¦fA:“Concept“Index’CÁ;15ŽŽŽ ƒ3Ú ý¨ðÐèApp‘Š=endix–¦MA‘ ¸QConcept“IndexŽŽŸu\(ŸÆëEAŽ¤óo´‹Ç cmr9¬anc•¾9hored‘Tsearc“h{ê‘ÅUó5ùž" cmmi9²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘­¥¬8ŽŸëEEŽ¡¬ev•¾9en“t‘Tdesignators‘áV‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘ ¬1ŽŽŸÆ’ô¢ expansion`Í‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘’ˆ¬1ŽŸ’ô¢ ëEHŽŸ’ô¢ ¬history‘Tev•¾9en“tsx‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘©»¬1ŽŸ’ô¢ History‘TSearc¾9hing‘ß4‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘ï¬8ŽŽŽŽŸŒ‹dŸŸòÝ16’cOæGNU–¦fHistory“LibraryŽŽŽ ƒ3ÚŸŒ‹l>ŸòÝAppMÞendix–¦fB:“F›ÿeunction“and“V˜ariable“Index’¡17ŽŽŽ ƒ3Ú ý¨ðÐèApp‘Š=endix–¦MB‘ ¸QF›þaGunction“and“V˜ariable“IndexŽŽ Ã\( þxëEAŽ¤óߤN cmtt9Éadd‘‘$‰c4ÕÂŽ‘fæhistory‘(Ø‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘Z“¬7ŽŸÉappend‘‘$‰c4ÕÂŽ‘fæhistory‘ ‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘ ;K¬10Ž©ëECŽ¡Écurrent‘‘$‰c4ÕÂŽ‘fæhistory‘üÄ‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘ .¬8Ž¦ëEGŽ¡Éget‘‘$‰c4ÕÂŽ–fæhistory‘‘$‰c4ÕÂŽ“event‘Ç/‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘øê¬10Ž¦ëEHŽ¡Éhistory‘‘$‰c4ÕÂŽ–fæarg‘‘$‰c4ÕÂŽ“extract‘* ‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘[Ĭ10Ž¤Éhistory‘‘$‰c4ÕÂŽ‘fæbase‘1`‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘MǬ11Ž¡Éhistory‘‘$‰c4ÕÂŽ–fæcomment‘‘$‰c4ÕÂŽ“char‘tX‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘¿¬11Ž¡Éhistory‘‘$‰c4ÕÂŽ‘fæexpand‘ ‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘ ;K¬10Ž¡Éhistory‘‘$‰c4ÕÂŽ–fæexpansion‘‘$‰c4ÕÂŽ“char‘×2‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘ó™¬11Ž¡Éhistory‘‘$‰c4ÕÂŽ‘fæget‘(Ø‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘Z“¬8Ž¡Éhistory‘‘$‰c4ÕÂŽ–fæget‘‘$‰c4ÕÂŽ“history‘‘$‰c4ÕÂŽ“state=¶‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘oq¬6Ž¡Éhistory‘‘$‰c4ÕÂŽ–fæis‘‘$‰c4ÕÂŽ“stifled‘ºc‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘ì¬7Ž¡Éhistory‘‘$‰c4ÕÂŽ‘fælength‘”:‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘°¡¬11Ž¡Éhistory‘‘$‰c4ÕÂŽ‘fælist‘ÚE‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘ ¬7Ž¡Éhistory‘‘$‰c4ÕÂŽ–fæno‘‘$‰c4ÕÂŽ“expand‘‘$‰c4ÕÂŽ“chars‘1÷‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘N^¬12Ž¡Éhistory‘‘$‰c4ÕÂŽ‘fæsearch=‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘nÚ¬9Ž¡Éhistory‘‘$‰c4ÕÂŽ–fæsearch‘‘$‰c4ÕÂŽ“pos‘ºc‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘ì¬9Ž¡Éhistory‘‘$‰c4ÕÂŽ–fæsearch‘‘$‰c4ÕÂŽ“prefix‘Ϊ‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘e¬9Ž¡Éhistory‘‘$‰c4ÕÂŽ–fæset‘‘$‰c4ÕÂŽ“history‘‘$‰c4ÕÂŽ“state=¶‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘oq¬6Ž¡Éhistory‘‘$‰c4ÕÂŽ–fæset‘‘$‰c4ÕÂŽ“pos‘—ä‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘ÉŸ¬8Ž¡Éhistory‘‘$‰c4ÕÂŽ–fæsubst‘‘$‰c4ÕÂŽ“char‘~‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘ -å¬11ŽŽ þx’ô¢ Éhistory‘‘$‰c4ÕÂŽ‘fætokenize‘lj‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘ž%¬11Ž¤’ô¢ Éhistory‘‘$‰c4ÕÂŽ–fætotal‘‘$‰c4ÕÂŽ“bytes‘kБÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘‹¬8Ž¡’ô¢ Éhistory‘‘$‰c4ÕÂŽ–fætruncate‘‘$‰c4ÕÂŽ“file‘Œã‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘¾ž¬10Ž¤’ô¢ ëEMŽ©’ô¢ Émax‘‘$‰c4ÕÂŽ–fæinput‘‘$‰c4ÕÂŽ“history‘QÙ‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘n@¬11Ž¡’ô¢ ëENŽ¦’ô¢ Énext‘‘$‰c4ÕÂŽ‘fæhistory‘ÚE‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘ ¬8Ž¡’ô¢ ëEPŽ¦’ô¢ Éprevious‘‘$‰c4ÕÂŽ‘fæhistory‘®1‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘ßì¬8Ž¡’ô¢ ëERŽ¦’ô¢ Éread‘‘$‰c4ÕÂŽ‘fæhistory‘ÚE‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘ ¬9Ž¤’ô¢ Éread‘‘$‰c4ÕÂŽ–fæhistory‘‘$‰c4ÕÂŽ“range‘ºc‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘ì¬9Ž¡’ô¢ Éremove‘‘$‰c4ÕÂŽ‘fæhistory=‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘nÚ¬7Ž¡’ô¢ Éreplace‘‘$‰c4ÕÂŽ–fæhistory‘‘$‰c4ÕÂŽ“entry‘Ϊ‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘e¬7Ž¤’ô¢ ëESŽ¦’ô¢ Éstifle‘‘$‰c4ÕÂŽ‘fæhistory=‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘nÚ¬7Ž¡’ô¢ ëEUŽ¦’ô¢ Éunstifle‘‘$‰c4ÕÂŽ‘fæhistory‘®1‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘ßì¬7ŽŸ’ô¢ Éusing‘‘$‰c4ÕÂŽ‘fæhistory‘‹²‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘½m¬6Ž¡’ô¢ ëEWŽ¦’ô¢ Éwhere‘‘$‰c4ÕÂŽ‘fæhistory‘‹²‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘½m¬8ŽŸ’ô¢ Éwrite‘‘$‰c4ÕÂŽ‘fæhistory‘‹²‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘½m¬9ŽŽŽŽŸŒ‹lŸòÝ18’cOæGNU–¦fHistory“LibraryŽŽŽ ƒ3ÚŸŒ‹ÿÿÿÿœSŸò’Ò¶œÝiŽŽŽ ƒ3Ú ý¨ðÐèT‘þaGable–¦Mof“Con–ÿuÂten“tsŽŽŸ*ëE1‘32Using–ffHistory“In•ŒÌteractiv“ely‘ä2‘32óK·ág£ff cmmi12ëK:Ž–Q ‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž‘ ›šëE1Ž©À‘$Ý1.1‘ ó5History‘¦fIn²!teraction‘9q‘é˜ó9  b> ó3 cmmi10ä:Ž–ÝÛ‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž‘ ½¨Ý1Ž¤‘H1.1.1‘ ó5Ev•²!en“t‘¦fDesignatorsdù‘é˜ä:Ž–ÝÛ‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž‘é0Ý1Ž¡‘H1.1.2‘ ó5W‘ÿeord‘¦fDesignators‘76‘é˜ä:Ž–ÝÛ‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž‘ »nÝ2Ž¡‘H1.1.3‘ ó5MoMÞdi ers‘fð‘é˜ä:Ž–ÝÛ‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž‘ ë(Ý2ŽŸëE2‘32Programming–ffwith“GNU“History‘Ö‘32ëK:Ž–Q ‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž‘ º=ëE5Ž¦‘$Ý2.1‘ ó5In²!troMÞduction–¦fto“Historyv¿‘é˜ä:Ž–ÝÛ‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž‘ú÷Ý5Ž¡‘$2.2‘ ó5History‘¦fStorage‘#‘é˜ä:Ž–ÝÛ‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž‘ §FÝ5Ž¡‘$2.3‘ ó5History‘¦fF‘ÿeunctions‘½Ò‘é˜ä:Ž–ÝÛ‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž‘ B Ý6Ž¡‘H2.3.1‘ ó5Initializing–¦fHistory“and“State“Managemen²!t‘?Ì‘é˜ä:Ž–ÝÛ‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž‘ ÄÝ6Ž¡‘H2.3.2‘ ó5History–¦fList“Managemen²!t‘K•‘é˜ä:Ž–ÝÛ‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž‘ ÏÍÝ7Ž¡‘H2.3.3‘ ó5Information–¦fAbMÞout“the“History“List&‘é˜ä:Ž–ÝÛ‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž‘ªÈÝ7Ž¡‘H2.3.4‘ ó5Mo²!ving–¦fAround“the“History“Listts‘é˜ä:Ž–ÝÛ‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž‘ø«Ý8Ž¡‘H2.3.5‘ ó5Searc²!hing–¦fthe“History“List‘›m‘é˜ä:Ž–ÝÛ‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž‘ ¤Ý8Ž¡‘H2.3.6‘ ó5Managing–¦fthe“History“File2M‘é˜ä:Ž–ÝÛ‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž‘¶…Ý9Ž¡‘H2.3.7‘ ó5History‘¦fExpansion‘ÖÒ‘é˜ä:Ž–ÝÛ‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž‘ [ Ý10Ž¡‘$2.4‘ ó5History‘¦fV‘ÿeariablesH‘é˜ä:Ž–ÝÛ‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž‘ÌGÝ11Ž¡‘$2.5‘ ó5History–¦fProgramming“Example‘瘑é˜ä:Ž–ÝÛ‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž‘ kÐÝ12ŽŸëEApps3endix–ffA‘32Concept“Index‘P“‘32ëK:Ž–Q ‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž‘úëE15ŽŸ!ÀApps3endix–ffB‘32F›þ¦function“and“V˜ariable“Index‘į‘32ëK:Ž–Q ‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž‘ |ëE17ŽŽŸŒ‹ÿÿÿþœ²ŸòÝii’h-ÄGNU–¦fHistory“LibraryŽŽŽ ƒ3ÚŸŒø·/ƒ’À;è›3ÚÕÁGóUÂÖN ¼j cmbx12óMÂÖN  #× cmbx12óK·ág£ff cmmi12óEÂÖN ff cmbx12ó=ÂÖN G® cmbx12ó<ßê ó3 cmmi10ó7m#½R ó3 cmss10ó6p®0J ó3 cmsl10ó3ßê;&|$', and shell quoting conventions are obeyed.  File: history.info, Node: History Variables, Next: History Programming Example, Prev: History Functions, Up: Programming with GNU History History Variables ================= This section describes the externally visible variables exported by the GNU History Library. - Variable: int history_base The logical offset of the first entry in the history list. - Variable: int history_length The number of entries currently stored in the history list. - Variable: int max_input_history The maximum number of history entries. This must be changed using `stifle_history ()'. - Variable: char history_expansion_char The character that starts a history event. The default is `!'. - Variable: char history_subst_char The character that invokes word substitution if found at the start of a line. The default is `^'. - Variable: char history_comment_char During tokenization, if this character is seen as the first character of a word, then it and all subsequent characters up to a newline are ignored, suppressing history expansion for the remainder of the line. This is disabled by default. - Variable: char * history_no_expand_chars The list of characters which inhibit history expansion if found immediately following HISTORY_EXPANSION_CHAR. The default is whitespace and `='.  File: history.info, Node: History Programming Example, Prev: History Variables, Up: Programming with GNU History History Programming Example =========================== The following program demonstrates simple use of the GNU History Library. main () { char line[1024], *t; int len, done = 0; line[0] = 0; using_history (); while (!done) { printf ("history$ "); fflush (stdout); t = fgets (line, sizeof (line) - 1, stdin); if (t && *t) { len = strlen (t); if (t[len - 1] == '\n') t[len - 1] = '\0'; } if (!t) strcpy (line, "quit"); if (line[0]) { char *expansion; int result; result = history_expand (line, &expansion); if (result) fprintf (stderr, "%s\n", expansion); if (result < 0 || result == 2) { free (expansion); continue; } add_history (expansion); strncpy (line, expansion, sizeof (line) - 1); free (expansion); } if (strcmp (line, "quit") == 0) done = 1; else if (strcmp (line, "save") == 0) write_history ("history_file"); else if (strcmp (line, "read") == 0) read_history ("history_file"); else if (strcmp (line, "list") == 0) { register HIST_ENTRY **the_list; register int i; the_list = history_list (); if (the_list) for (i = 0; the_list[i]; i++) printf ("%d: %s\n", i + history_base, the_list[i]->line); } else if (strncmp (line, "delete", 6) == 0) { int which; if ((sscanf (line + 6, "%d", &which)) == 1) { HIST_ENTRY *entry = remove_history (which); if (!entry) fprintf (stderr, "No such entry %d\n", which); else { free (entry->line); free (entry); } } else { fprintf (stderr, "non-numeric arg given to `delete'\n"); } } } }  File: history.info, Node: Concept Index, Next: Function and Variable Index, Prev: Programming with GNU History, Up: Top Concept Index ************* * Menu: * anchored search: Searching the History List. * event designators: Event Designators. * expansion: History Interaction. * history events: Event Designators. * History Searching: Searching the History List.  File: history.info, Node: Function and Variable Index, Prev: Concept Index, Up: Top Function and Variable Index *************************** * Menu: * add_history: History List Management. * append_history: Managing the History File. * current_history: Information About the History List. * get_history_event: History Expansion. * history_arg_extract: History Expansion. * history_base: History Variables. * history_comment_char: History Variables. * history_expand: History Expansion. * history_expansion_char: History Variables. * history_get: Information About the History List. * history_get_history_state: Initializing History and State Management. * history_is_stifled: History List Management. * history_length: History Variables. * history_list: Information About the History List. * history_no_expand_chars: History Variables. * history_search: Searching the History List. * history_search_pos: Searching the History List. * history_search_prefix: Searching the History List. * history_set_history_state: Initializing History and State Management. * history_set_pos: Moving Around the History List. * history_subst_char: History Variables. * history_tokenize: History Expansion. * history_total_bytes: Information About the History List. * history_truncate_file: Managing the History File. * max_input_history: History Variables. * next_history: Moving Around the History List. * previous_history: Moving Around the History List. * read_history: Managing the History File. * read_history_range: Managing the History File. * remove_history: History List Management. * replace_history_entry: History List Management. * stifle_history: History List Management. * unstifle_history: History List Management. * using_history: Initializing History and State Management. * where_history: Information About the History List. * write_history: Managing the History File.  Tag Table: Node: Top975 Node: Using History Interactively1569 Node: History Interaction2077 Node: Event Designators3122 Node: Word Designators3952 Node: Modifiers4936 Node: Programming with GNU History6065 Node: Introduction to History6791 Node: History Storage8112 Node: History Functions9205 Node: Initializing History and State Management10176 Node: History List Management10968 Node: Information About the History List12396 Node: Moving Around the History List13702 Node: Searching the History List14587 Node: Managing the History File16419 Node: History Expansion17925 Node: History Variables19769 Node: History Programming Example21138 Node: Concept Index23742 Node: Function and Variable Index24223  End Tag Table bash-1.14.3/lib/readline/examples/ 775 436 0 0 5620515726 14752 5ustar chetwheelbash-1.14.3/lib/readline/examples/Makefile 664 436 0 370 5036354066 16451 0ustar chetwheel# This is the Makefile for the examples subdirectory of readline. -*- text -*- # EXECUTABLES = fileman CFLAGS = -g -I../.. LDFLAGS = -g -L.. fileman: fileman.o $(CC) $(LDFLAGS) -o fileman fileman.o -lreadline -ltermcap fileman.o: fileman.c bash-1.14.3/lib/readline/examples/fileman.c 664 436 0 22703 5617024064 16631 0ustar chetwheel/* fileman.c -- A tiny application which demonstrates how to use the GNU Readline library. This application interactively allows users to manipulate files and their modes. */ #include #include #include #include #include #include #include extern char *getwd (); extern char *xmalloc (); /* The names of functions that actually do the manipulation. */ int com_list (), com_view (), com_rename (), com_stat (), com_pwd (); int com_delete (), com_help (), com_cd (), com_quit (); /* A structure which contains information on the commands this program can understand. */ typedef struct { char *name; /* User printable name of the function. */ Function *func; /* Function to call to do the job. */ char *doc; /* Documentation for this function. */ } COMMAND; COMMAND commands[] = { { "cd", com_cd, "Change to directory DIR" }, { "delete", com_delete, "Delete FILE" }, { "help", com_help, "Display this text" }, { "?", com_help, "Synonym for `help'" }, { "list", com_list, "List files in DIR" }, { "ls", com_list, "Synonym for `list'" }, { "pwd", com_pwd, "Print the current working directory" }, { "quit", com_quit, "Quit using Fileman" }, { "rename", com_rename, "Rename FILE to NEWNAME" }, { "stat", com_stat, "Print out statistics on FILE" }, { "view", com_view, "View the contents of FILE" }, { (char *)NULL, (Function *)NULL, (char *)NULL } }; /* Forward declarations. */ char *stripwhite (); COMMAND *find_command (); /* The name of this program, as taken from argv[0]. */ char *progname; /* When non-zero, this global means the user is done using this program. */ int done; char * dupstr (s) int s; { char *r; r = xmalloc (strlen (s) + 1); strcpy (r, s); return (r); } main (argc, argv) int argc; char **argv; { char *line, *s; progname = argv[0]; initialize_readline (); /* Bind our completer. */ /* Loop reading and executing lines until the user quits. */ for ( ; done == 0; ) { line = readline ("FileMan: "); if (!line) break; /* Remove leading and trailing whitespace from the line. Then, if there is anything left, add it to the history list and execute it. */ s = stripwhite (line); if (*s) { add_history (s); execute_line (s); } free (line); } exit (0); } /* Execute a command line. */ int execute_line (line) char *line; { register int i; COMMAND *command; char *word; /* Isolate the command word. */ i = 0; while (line[i] && whitespace (line[i])) i++; word = line + i; while (line[i] && !whitespace (line[i])) i++; if (line[i]) line[i++] = '\0'; command = find_command (word); if (!command) { fprintf (stderr, "%s: No such command for FileMan.\n", word); return (-1); } /* Get argument to command, if any. */ while (whitespace (line[i])) i++; word = line + i; /* Call the function. */ return ((*(command->func)) (word)); } /* Look up NAME as the name of a command, and return a pointer to that command. Return a NULL pointer if NAME isn't a command name. */ COMMAND * find_command (name) char *name; { register int i; for (i = 0; commands[i].name; i++) if (strcmp (name, commands[i].name) == 0) return (&commands[i]); return ((COMMAND *)NULL); } /* Strip whitespace from the start and end of STRING. Return a pointer into STRING. */ char * stripwhite (string) char *string; { register char *s, *t; for (s = string; whitespace (*s); s++) ; if (*s == 0) return (s); t = s + strlen (s) - 1; while (t > s && whitespace (*t)) t--; *++t = '\0'; return s; } /* **************************************************************** */ /* */ /* Interface to Readline Completion */ /* */ /* **************************************************************** */ char *command_generator (); char **fileman_completion (); /* Tell the GNU Readline library how to complete. We want to try to complete on command names if this is the first word in the line, or on filenames if not. */ initialize_readline () { /* Allow conditional parsing of the ~/.inputrc file. */ rl_readline_name = "FileMan"; /* Tell the completer that we want a crack first. */ rl_attempted_completion_function = (CPPFunction *)fileman_completion; } /* Attempt to complete on the contents of TEXT. START and END show the region of TEXT that contains the word to complete. We can use the entire line in case we want to do some simple parsing. Return the array of matches, or NULL if there aren't any. */ char ** fileman_completion (text, start, end) char *text; int start, end; { char **matches; matches = (char **)NULL; /* If this word is at the start of the line, then it is a command to complete. Otherwise it is the name of a file in the current directory. */ if (start == 0) matches = completion_matches (text, command_generator); return (matches); } /* Generator function for command completion. STATE lets us know whether to start from scratch; without any state (i.e. STATE == 0), then we start at the top of the list. */ char * command_generator (text, state) char *text; int state; { static int list_index, len; char *name; /* If this is a new word to complete, initialize now. This includes saving the length of TEXT for efficiency, and initializing the index variable to 0. */ if (!state) { list_index = 0; len = strlen (text); } /* Return the next name which partially matches from the command list. */ while (name = commands[list_index].name) { list_index++; if (strncmp (name, text, len) == 0) return (dupstr(name)); } /* If no names matched, then return NULL. */ return ((char *)NULL); } /* **************************************************************** */ /* */ /* FileMan Commands */ /* */ /* **************************************************************** */ /* String to pass to system (). This is for the LIST, VIEW and RENAME commands. */ static char syscom[1024]; /* List the file(s) named in arg. */ com_list (arg) char *arg; { if (!arg) arg = ""; sprintf (syscom, "ls -FClg %s", arg); return (system (syscom)); } com_view (arg) char *arg; { if (!valid_argument ("view", arg)) return 1; sprintf (syscom, "more %s", arg); return (system (syscom)); } com_rename (arg) char *arg; { too_dangerous ("rename"); return (1); } com_stat (arg) char *arg; { struct stat finfo; if (!valid_argument ("stat", arg)) return (1); if (stat (arg, &finfo) == -1) { perror (arg); return (1); } printf ("Statistics for `%s':\n", arg); printf ("%s has %d link%s, and is %d byte%s in length.\n", arg, finfo.st_nlink, (finfo.st_nlink == 1) ? "" : "s", finfo.st_size, (finfo.st_size == 1) ? "" : "s"); printf ("Inode Last Change at: %s", ctime (&finfo.st_ctime)); printf (" Last access at: %s", ctime (&finfo.st_atime)); printf (" Last modified at: %s", ctime (&finfo.st_mtime)); return (0); } com_delete (arg) char *arg; { too_dangerous ("delete"); return (1); } /* Print out help for ARG, or for all of the commands if ARG is not present. */ com_help (arg) char *arg; { register int i; int printed = 0; for (i = 0; commands[i].name; i++) { if (!*arg || (strcmp (arg, commands[i].name) == 0)) { printf ("%s\t\t%s.\n", commands[i].name, commands[i].doc); printed++; } } if (!printed) { printf ("No commands match `%s'. Possibilties are:\n", arg); for (i = 0; commands[i].name; i++) { /* Print in six columns. */ if (printed == 6) { printed = 0; printf ("\n"); } printf ("%s\t", commands[i].name); printed++; } if (printed) printf ("\n"); } return (0); } /* Change to the directory ARG. */ com_cd (arg) char *arg; { if (chdir (arg) == -1) { perror (arg); return 1; } com_pwd (""); return (0); } /* Print out the current working directory. */ com_pwd (ignore) char *ignore; { char dir[1024], *s; s = getwd (dir); if (s == 0) { printf ("Error getting pwd: %s\n", dir); return 1; } printf ("Current directory is %s\n", dir); return 0; } /* The user wishes to quit using this program. Just set DONE non-zero. */ com_quit (arg) char *arg; { done = 1; return (0); } /* Function which tells you that you can't do this. */ too_dangerous (caller) char *caller; { fprintf (stderr, "%s: Too dangerous for me to distribute. Write it yourself.\n", caller); } /* Return non-zero if ARG is a valid argument for CALLER, else print an error message and return zero. */ int valid_argument (caller, arg) char *caller, *arg; { if (!arg || !*arg) { fprintf (stderr, "%s: Argument required.\n", caller); return (0); } return (1); } bash-1.14.3/lib/readline/examples/manexamp.c 664 436 0 4617 5615237436 17017 0ustar chetwheel/* manexamp.c -- The examples which appear in the documentation are here. */ #include #include /* **************************************************************** */ /* */ * How to Emulate gets () */ /* */ /* **************************************************************** */ /* A static variable for holding the line. */ static char *line_read = (char *)NULL; /* Read a string, and return a pointer to it. Returns NULL on EOF. */ char * rl_gets () { /* If the buffer has already been allocated, return the memory to the free pool. */ if (line_read) { free (line_read); line_read = (char *)NULL; } /* Get a line from the user. */ line_read = readline (""); /* If the line has any text in it, save it on the history. */ if (line_read && *line_read) add_history (line_read); return (line_read); } /* **************************************************************** */ /* */ /* Writing a Function to be Called by Readline. */ /* */ /* **************************************************************** */ /* Invert the case of the COUNT following characters. */ invert_case_line (count, key) int count, key; { register int start, end; start = rl_point; if (count < 0) { direction = -1; count = -count; } else direction = 1; /* Find the end of the range to modify. */ end = start + (count * direction); /* Force it to be within range. */ if (end > rl_end) end = rl_end; else if (end < 0) end = -1; if (start > end) { int temp = start; start = end; end = temp; } if (start == end) return; /* Tell readline that we are modifying the line, so save the undo information. */ rl_modifying (start, end); for (; start != end; start += direction) { if (uppercase_p (rl_line_buffer[start])) rl_line_buffer[start] = to_lower (rl_line_buffer[start]); else if (lowercase_p (rl_line_buffer[start])) rl_line_buffer[start] = to_upper (rl_line_buffer[start]); } /* Move point to on top of the last character changed. */ rl_point = end - direction; } bash-1.14.3/lib/readline/examples/histexamp.c 664 436 0 3672 5616256067 17215 0ustar chetwheelmain () { char line[1024], *t; int len, done = 0; line[0] = 0; using_history (); while (!done) { printf ("history$ "); fflush (stdout); t = fgets (line, sizeof (line) - 1, stdin); if (t && *t) { len = strlen (t); if (t[len - 1] == '\n') t[len - 1] = '\0'; } if (!t) strcpy (line, "quit"); if (line[0]) { char *expansion; int result; using_history (); result = history_expand (line, &expansion); if (result) fprintf (stderr, "%s\n", expansion); if (result < 0 || result == 2) { free (expansion); continue; } add_history (expansion); strncpy (line, expansion, sizeof (line) - 1); free (expansion); } if (strcmp (line, "quit") == 0) done = 1; else if (strcmp (line, "save") == 0) write_history ("history_file"); else if (strcmp (line, "read") == 0) read_history ("history_file"); else if (strcmp (line, "list") == 0) { register HIST_ENTRY **the_list; register int i; the_list = history_list (); if (the_list) for (i = 0; the_list[i]; i++) printf ("%d: %s\n", i + history_base, the_list[i]->line); } else if (strncmp (line, "delete", 6) == 0) { int which; if ((sscanf (line + 6, "%d", &which)) == 1) { HIST_ENTRY *entry = remove_history (which); if (!entry) fprintf (stderr, "No such entry %d\n", which); else { free (entry->line); free (entry); } } else { fprintf (stderr, "non-numeric arg given to `delete'\n"); } } } } bash-1.14.3/lib/readline/examples/Inputrc 664 436 0 3154 5615240463 16401 0ustar chetwheel# My ~/.inputrc file is in -*- text -*- for easy editing with Emacs. # # Notice the various bindings which are conditionalized depending # on which program is running, or what terminal is active. # # In all programs, all terminals, make sure this is bound. "\C-x\C-r": re-read-init-file # Hp terminals (and some others) have ugly default behaviour for C-h. "\C-h": backward-delete-char "\e\C-h": backward-kill-word "\C-xd": dump-functions # In xterm windows, make the arrow keys do the right thing. $if TERM=xterm "\e[A": previous-history "\e[B": next-history "\e[C": forward-char "\e[D": backward-char # alternate arrow key prefix "\eOA": previous-history "\eOB": next-history "\eOC": forward-char "\eOD": backward-char # Under Xterm in Bash, we bind local Function keys to do something useful. $if Bash "\e[11~": "Function Key 1" "\e[12~": "Function Key 2" "\e[13~": "Function Key 3" "\e[14~": "Function Key 4" "\e[15~": "Function Key 5" # I know the following escape sequence numbers are 1 greater than # the function key. Don't ask me why, I didn't design the xterm terminal. "\e[17~": "Function Key 6" "\e[18~": "Function Key 7" "\e[19~": "Function Key 8" "\e[20~": "Function Key 9" "\e[21~": "Function Key 10" $endif $endif # For Bash, all terminals, add some Bash specific hacks. $if Bash "\C-xv": show-bash-version "\C-x\C-e": shell-expand-line # Here is one for editing my path. "\C-xp": "$PATH\C-x\C-e\C-e\"\C-aPATH=\":\C-b" # Make C-x r read my mail in emacs. # "\C-xr": "emacs -f rmail\C-j" $endif # For FTP, different hacks: $if Ftp "\C-xg": "get \M-?" "\C-xt": "put \M-?" "\M-.": yank-last-arg $endif " ": self-insert bash-1.14.3/lib/readline/COPYING 644 436 0 31201 5012414736 14254 0ustar chetwheel GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE Version 1, February 1989 Copyright (C) 1989 Free Software Foundation, Inc. 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies of this license document, but changing it is not allowed. The Free Software Foundation has exempted Bash from the requirement of Paragraph 2c of the General Public License. This is to say, there is no requirement for Bash to print a notice when it is started interactively in the usual way. We made this exception because users and standards expect shells not to print such messages. This exception applies to any program that serves as a shell and that is based primarily on Bash as opposed to other GNU software. Preamble The license agreements of most software companies try to keep users at the mercy of those companies. By contrast, our General Public License is intended to guarantee your freedom to share and change free software--to make sure the software is free for all its users. The General Public License applies to the Free Software Foundation's software and to any other program whose authors commit to using it. You can use it for your programs, too. When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom, not price. Specifically, the General Public License is designed to make sure that you have the freedom to give away or sell copies of free software, that you receive source code or can get it if you want it, that you can change the software or use pieces of it in new free programs; and that you know you can do these things. To protect your rights, we need to make restrictions that forbid anyone to deny you these rights or to ask you to surrender the rights. These restrictions translate to certain responsibilities for you if you distribute copies of the software, or if you modify it. For example, if you distribute copies of a such a program, whether gratis or for a fee, you must give the recipients all the rights that you have. You must make sure that they, too, receive or can get the source code. And you must tell them their rights. We protect your rights with two steps: (1) copyright the software, and (2) offer you this license which gives you legal permission to copy, distribute and/or modify the software. Also, for each author's protection and ours, we want to make certain that everyone understands that there is no warranty for this free software. If the software is modified by someone else and passed on, we want its recipients to know that what they have is not the original, so that any problems introduced by others will not reflect on the original authors' reputations. The precise terms and conditions for copying, distribution and modification follow. GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR COPYING, DISTRIBUTION AND MODIFICATION 0. This License Agreement applies to any program or other work which contains a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it may be distributed under the terms of this General Public License. The "Program", below, refers to any such program or work, and a "work based on the Program" means either the Program or any work containing the Program or a portion of it, either verbatim or with modifications. Each licensee is addressed as "you". 1. You may copy and distribute verbatim copies of the Program's source code as you receive it, in any medium, provided that you conspicuously and appropriately publish on each copy an appropriate copyright notice and disclaimer of warranty; keep intact all the notices that refer to this General Public License and to the absence of any warranty; and give any other recipients of the Program a copy of this General Public License along with the Program. You may charge a fee for the physical act of transferring a copy. 2. You may modify your copy or copies of the Program or any portion of it, and copy and distribute such modifications under the terms of Paragraph 1 above, provided that you also do the following: a) cause the modified files to carry prominent notices stating that you changed the files and the date of any change; and b) cause the whole of any work that you distribute or publish, that in whole or in part contains the Program or any part thereof, either with or without modifications, to be licensed at no charge to all third parties under the terms of this General Public License (except that you may choose to grant warranty protection to some or all third parties, at your option). c) If the modified program normally reads commands interactively when run, you must cause it, when started running for such interactive use in the simplest and most usual way, to print or display an announcement including an appropriate copyright notice and a notice that there is no warranty (or else, saying that you provide a warranty) and that users may redistribute the program under these conditions, and telling the user how to view a copy of this General Public License. d) You may charge a fee for the physical act of transferring a copy, and you may at your option offer warranty protection in exchange for a fee. Mere aggregation of another independent work with the Program (or its derivative) on a volume of a storage or distribution medium does not bring the other work under the scope of these terms. 3. You may copy and distribute the Program (or a portion or derivative of it, under Paragraph 2) in object code or executable form under the terms of Paragraphs 1 and 2 above provided that you also do one of the following: a) accompany it with the complete corresponding machine-readable source code, which must be distributed under the terms of Paragraphs 1 and 2 above; or, b) accompany it with a written offer, valid for at least three years, to give any third party free (except for a nominal charge for the cost of distribution) a complete machine-readable copy of the corresponding source code, to be distributed under the terms of Paragraphs 1 and 2 above; or, c) accompany it with the information you received as to where the corresponding source code may be obtained. (This alternative is allowed only for noncommercial distribution and only if you received the program in object code or executable form alone.) Source code for a work means the preferred form of the work for making modifications to it. For an executable file, complete source code means all the source code for all modules it contains; but, as a special exception, it need not include source code for modules which are standard libraries that accompany the operating system on which the executable file runs, or for standard header files or definitions files that accompany that operating system. 4. You may not copy, modify, sublicense, distribute or transfer the Program except as expressly provided under this General Public License. Any attempt otherwise to copy, modify, sublicense, distribute or transfer the Program is void, and will automatically terminate your rights to use the Program under this License. However, parties who have received copies, or rights to use copies, from you under this General Public License will not have their licenses terminated so long as such parties remain in full compliance. 5. By copying, distributing or modifying the Program (or any work based on the Program) you indicate your acceptance of this license to do so, and all its terms and conditions. 6. Each time you redistribute the Program (or any work based on the Program), the recipient automatically receives a license from the original licensor to copy, distribute or modify the Program subject to these terms and conditions. You may not impose any further restrictions on the recipients' exercise of the rights granted herein. 7. The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new versions of the General Public License from time to time. Such new versions will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in detail to address new problems or concerns. Each version is given a distinguishing version number. If the Program specifies a version number of the license which applies to it and "any later version", you have the option of following the terms and conditions either of that version or of any later version published by the Free Software Foundation. If the Program does not specify a version number of the license, you may choose any version ever published by the Free Software Foundation. 8. If you wish to incorporate parts of the Program into other free programs whose distribution conditions are different, write to the author to ask for permission. For software which is copyrighted by the Free Software Foundation, write to the Free Software Foundation; we sometimes make exceptions for this. Our decision will be guided by the two goals of preserving the free status of all derivatives of our free software and of promoting the sharing and reuse of software generally. NO WARRANTY 9. BECAUSE THE PROGRAM IS LICENSED FREE OF CHARGE, THERE IS NO WARRANTY FOR THE PROGRAM, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW. EXCEPT WHEN OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND/OR OTHER PARTIES PROVIDE THE PROGRAM "AS IS" WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE PROGRAM IS WITH YOU. SHOULD THE PROGRAM PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME THE COST OF ALL NECESSARY SERVICING, REPAIR OR CORRECTION. 10. IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN WRITING WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MAY MODIFY AND/OR REDISTRIBUTE THE PROGRAM AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAMAGES, INCLUDING ANY GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE PROGRAM (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO LOSS OF DATA OR DATA BEING RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY YOU OR THIRD PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE PROGRAM TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER PROGRAMS), EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES. END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS Appendix: How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the greatest possible use to humanity, the best way to achieve this is to make it free software which everyone can redistribute and change under these terms. To do so, attach the following notices to the program. It is safest to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively convey the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least the "copyright" line and a pointer to where the full notice is found. Copyright (C) 19yy This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 1, or (at your option) any later version. This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details. You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail. If the program is interactive, make it output a short notice like this when it starts in an interactive mode: Gnomovision version 69, Copyright (C) 19xx name of author Gnomovision comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details type `show w'. This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it under certain conditions; type `show c' for details. The hypothetical commands `show w' and `show c' should show the appropriate parts of the General Public License. Of course, the commands you use may be called something other than `show w' and `show c'; they could even be mouse-clicks or menu items--whatever suits your program. You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or your school, if any, to sign a "copyright disclaimer" for the program, if necessary. Here a sample; alter the names: Yoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all copyright interest in the program `Gnomovision' (a program to direct compilers to make passes at assemblers) written by James Hacker. , 1 April 1989 Ty Coon, President of Vice That's all there is to it! bash-1.14.3/lib/readline/readline.c 644 436 0 234213 5670714224 15205 0ustar chetwheel/* readline.c -- a general facility for reading lines of input with emacs style editing and completion. */ /* Copyright (C) 1987, 1989, 1992 Free Software Foundation, Inc. This file is part of the GNU Readline Library, a library for reading lines of text with interactive input and history editing. The GNU Readline Library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 1, or (at your option) any later version. The GNU Readline Library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details. The GNU General Public License is often shipped with GNU software, and is generally kept in a file called COPYING or LICENSE. If you do not have a copy of the license, write to the Free Software Foundation, 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. */ #define READLINE_LIBRARY #include #include #include #if !defined (NO_SYS_FILE) # include #endif /* !NO_SYS_FILE */ #include #if defined (HAVE_UNISTD_H) # include #endif /* HAVE_UNISTD_H */ #if defined (HAVE_STDLIB_H) # include #else # include "ansi_stdlib.h" #endif /* HAVE_STDLIB_H */ #include /* Not all systems declare ERRNO in errno.h... and some systems #define it! */ #if !defined (errno) extern int errno; #endif /* !errno */ #include #include "posixstat.h" /* System-specific feature definitions and include files. */ #include "rldefs.h" #if defined (GWINSZ_IN_SYS_IOCTL) || (defined (VSTATUS) && !defined (SunOS4)) # include #endif /* GWINSZ_IN_SYS_IOCTL || VSTATUS */ /* Some standard library routines. */ #include "readline.h" #include "history.h" /* NOTE: Functions and variables prefixed with `_rl_' are pseudo-global: they are global so they can be shared between files in the readline library, but are not intended to be visible to readline callers. */ /* Functions imported from other files in the library. */ extern char *tgetstr (); extern void rl_prep_terminal (), rl_deprep_terminal (); extern void _rl_bind_if_unbound (); /* External redisplay functions and variables from display.c */ extern void _rl_move_vert (); extern void _rl_update_final (); extern void _rl_erase_at_end_of_line (); extern void _rl_move_cursor_relative (); extern int _rl_vis_botlin; extern int _rl_last_c_pos; extern int _rl_horizontal_scroll_mode; extern int rl_display_fixed; extern char *rl_display_prompt; /* Variables imported from complete.c. */ extern char *rl_completer_word_break_characters; extern char *rl_basic_word_break_characters; extern int rl_completion_query_items; extern int rl_complete_with_tilde_expansion; #if defined (VI_MODE) extern void _rl_vi_set_last (); extern void _rl_vi_reset_last (); extern void _rl_vi_done_inserting (); #endif /* VI_MODE */ /* Forward declarations used in this file. */ void _rl_free_history_entry (); int _rl_dispatch (); void _rl_set_screen_size (); int _rl_output_character_function (); static char *readline_internal (); static void readline_initialize_everything (); static int init_terminal_io (); static void start_using_history (); static void bind_arrow_keys (); #if !defined (__GO32__) static void readline_default_bindings (); #endif /* !__GO32__ */ #if defined (__GO32__) # include # undef HANDLE_SIGNALS #endif /* __GO32__ */ #if defined (STATIC_MALLOC) static char *xmalloc (), *xrealloc (); #else extern char *xmalloc (), *xrealloc (); #endif /* STATIC_MALLOC */ /* **************************************************************** */ /* */ /* Line editing input utility */ /* */ /* **************************************************************** */ static char *LibraryVersion = "2.0"; /* A pointer to the keymap that is currently in use. By default, it is the standard emacs keymap. */ Keymap _rl_keymap = emacs_standard_keymap; /* The current style of editing. */ int rl_editing_mode = emacs_mode; /* Non-zero if the previous command was a kill command. */ static int last_command_was_kill = 0; /* The current value of the numeric argument specified by the user. */ int rl_numeric_arg = 1; /* Non-zero if an argument was typed. */ int rl_explicit_arg = 0; /* Temporary value used while generating the argument. */ int rl_arg_sign = 1; /* Non-zero means we have been called at least once before. */ static int rl_initialized = 0; /* If non-zero, this program is running in an EMACS buffer. */ static int running_in_emacs = 0; /* The current offset in the current input line. */ int rl_point; /* Mark in the current input line. */ int rl_mark; /* Length of the current input line. */ int rl_end; /* Make this non-zero to return the current input_line. */ int rl_done; /* The last function executed by readline. */ Function *rl_last_func = (Function *)NULL; /* Top level environment for readline_internal (). */ static jmp_buf readline_top_level; /* The streams we interact with. */ static FILE *in_stream, *out_stream; /* The names of the streams that we do input and output to. */ FILE *rl_instream = (FILE *)NULL; FILE *rl_outstream = (FILE *)NULL; /* Non-zero means echo characters as they are read. */ int readline_echoing_p = 1; /* Current prompt. */ char *rl_prompt; int rl_visible_prompt_length = 0; /* The number of characters read in order to type this complete command. */ int rl_key_sequence_length = 0; /* If non-zero, then this is the address of a function to call just before readline_internal () prints the first prompt. */ Function *rl_startup_hook = (Function *)NULL; /* What we use internally. You should always refer to RL_LINE_BUFFER. */ static char *the_line; /* The character that can generate an EOF. Really read from the terminal driver... just defaulted here. */ int _rl_eof_char = CTRL ('D'); /* Non-zero makes this the next keystroke to read. */ int rl_pending_input = 0; /* Pointer to a useful terminal name. */ char *rl_terminal_name = (char *)NULL; /* Non-zero means to always use horizontal scrolling in line display. */ int _rl_horizontal_scroll_mode = 0; /* Non-zero means to display an asterisk at the starts of history lines which have been modified. */ int _rl_mark_modified_lines = 0; /* The style of `bell' notification preferred. This can be set to NO_BELL, AUDIBLE_BELL, or VISIBLE_BELL. */ int _rl_bell_preference = AUDIBLE_BELL; /* Line buffer and maintenence. */ char *rl_line_buffer = (char *)NULL; int rl_line_buffer_len = 0; #define DEFAULT_BUFFER_SIZE 256 /* Forward declarations used by the display and termcap code. */ int term_xn; int screenwidth, screenheight, screenchars; /* **************************************************************** */ /* */ /* `Forward' declarations */ /* */ /* **************************************************************** */ /* Non-zero means do not parse any lines other than comments and parser directives. */ unsigned char _rl_parsing_conditionalized_out = 0; /* Non-zero means to save keys that we dispatch on in a kbd macro. */ static int defining_kbd_macro = 0; /* Non-zero means to convert characters with the meta bit set to escape-prefixed characters so we can indirect through emacs_meta_keymap or vi_escape_keymap. */ int _rl_convert_meta_chars_to_ascii = 1; /* Non-zero means to output characters with the meta bit set directly rather than as a meta-prefixed escape sequence. */ int _rl_output_meta_chars = 0; /* Non-zero tells rl_delete_text and rl_insert_text to not add to the undo list. */ static int doing_an_undo = 0; /* **************************************************************** */ /* */ /* Top Level Functions */ /* */ /* **************************************************************** */ /* Non-zero means treat 0200 bit in terminal input as Meta bit. */ int _rl_meta_flag = 0; /* Forward declaration */ /* Read a line of input. Prompt with PROMPT. A NULL PROMPT means none. A return value of NULL means that EOF was encountered. */ char * readline (prompt) char *prompt; { char *value; rl_prompt = prompt; /* If we are at EOF return a NULL string. */ if (rl_pending_input == EOF) { rl_pending_input = 0; return ((char *)NULL); } rl_visible_prompt_length = (rl_prompt && *rl_prompt) ? rl_expand_prompt (rl_prompt) : 0; rl_initialize (); rl_prep_terminal (_rl_meta_flag); #if defined (HANDLE_SIGNALS) rl_set_signals (); #endif value = readline_internal (); rl_deprep_terminal (); #if defined (HANDLE_SIGNALS) rl_clear_signals (); #endif return (value); } /* Read a line of input from the global rl_instream, doing output on the global rl_outstream. If rl_prompt is non-null, then that is our prompt. */ static char * readline_internal () { int lastc, c, eof_found; in_stream = rl_instream; out_stream = rl_outstream; lastc = -1; eof_found = 0; if (rl_startup_hook) (*rl_startup_hook) (); if (!readline_echoing_p) { if (rl_prompt) { fprintf (out_stream, "%s", rl_prompt); fflush (out_stream); } } else { rl_on_new_line (); rl_redisplay (); #if defined (VI_MODE) if (rl_editing_mode == vi_mode) rl_vi_insertion_mode (); #endif /* VI_MODE */ } while (!rl_done) { int lk = last_command_was_kill; int code; code = setjmp (readline_top_level); if (code) rl_redisplay (); if (!rl_pending_input) { /* Then initialize the argument and number of keys read. */ rl_init_argument (); rl_key_sequence_length = 0; } c = rl_read_key (); /* EOF typed to a non-blank line is a . */ if (c == EOF && rl_end) c = NEWLINE; /* The character _rl_eof_char typed to blank line, and not as the previous character is interpreted as EOF. */ if (((c == _rl_eof_char && lastc != c) || c == EOF) && !rl_end) { eof_found = 1; break; } lastc = c; _rl_dispatch (c, _rl_keymap); /* If there was no change in last_command_was_kill, then no kill has taken place. Note that if input is pending we are reading a prefix command, so nothing has changed yet. */ if (!rl_pending_input) { if (lk == last_command_was_kill) last_command_was_kill = 0; } #if defined (VI_MODE) /* In vi mode, when you exit insert mode, the cursor moves back over the previous character. We explicitly check for that here. */ if (rl_editing_mode == vi_mode && _rl_keymap == vi_movement_keymap) rl_vi_check (); #endif /* VI_MODE */ if (!rl_done) rl_redisplay (); } /* Restore the original of this history line, iff the line that we are editing was originally in the history, AND the line has changed. */ { HIST_ENTRY *entry = current_history (); if (entry && rl_undo_list) { char *temp = savestring (the_line); rl_revert_line (); entry = replace_history_entry (where_history (), the_line, (HIST_ENTRY *)NULL); _rl_free_history_entry (entry); strcpy (the_line, temp); free (temp); } } /* At any rate, it is highly likely that this line has an undo list. Get rid of it now. */ if (rl_undo_list) free_undo_list (); if (eof_found) return (char *)NULL; else return (savestring (the_line)); } /* **************************************************************** */ /* */ /* Character Input Buffering */ /* */ /* **************************************************************** */ static int pop_index = 0, push_index = 0, ibuffer_len = 511; static unsigned char ibuffer[512]; /* Non-null means it is a pointer to a function to run while waiting for character input. */ Function *rl_event_hook = (Function *)NULL; #define any_typein (push_index != pop_index) /* Add KEY to the buffer of characters to be read. */ rl_stuff_char (key) int key; { if (key == EOF) { key = NEWLINE; rl_pending_input = EOF; } ibuffer[push_index++] = key; if (push_index >= ibuffer_len) push_index = 0; return push_index; } /* Return the amount of space available in the buffer for stuffing characters. */ int ibuffer_space () { if (pop_index > push_index) return (pop_index - push_index); else return (ibuffer_len - (push_index - pop_index)); } /* Get a key from the buffer of characters to be read. Return the key in KEY. Result is KEY if there was a key, or 0 if there wasn't. */ int rl_get_char (key) int *key; { if (push_index == pop_index) return (0); *key = ibuffer[pop_index++]; if (pop_index >= ibuffer_len) pop_index = 0; return (1); } /* Stuff KEY into the *front* of the input buffer. Returns non-zero if successful, zero if there is no space left in the buffer. */ int rl_unget_char (key) int key; { if (ibuffer_space ()) { pop_index--; if (pop_index < 0) pop_index = ibuffer_len - 1; ibuffer[pop_index] = key; return (1); } return (0); } /* If a character is available to be read, then read it and stuff it into IBUFFER. Otherwise, just return. */ void rl_gather_tyi () { #if defined (__GO32__) char input; if (isatty (0)) { int i = rl_getc (); if (i != EOF) rl_stuff_char (i); } else if (kbhit () && ibuffer_space ()) rl_stuff_char (getkey ()); #else /* !__GO32__ */ int tty = fileno (in_stream); register int tem, result = -1; int chars_avail; char input; #if defined (FIONREAD) result = ioctl (tty, FIONREAD, &chars_avail); #endif #if defined (O_NDELAY) if (result == -1) { int flags; flags = fcntl (tty, F_GETFL, 0); fcntl (tty, F_SETFL, (flags | O_NDELAY)); chars_avail = read (tty, &input, 1); fcntl (tty, F_SETFL, flags); if (chars_avail == -1 && errno == EAGAIN) return; } #endif /* O_NDELAY */ /* If there's nothing available, don't waste time trying to read something. */ if (chars_avail == 0) return; tem = ibuffer_space (); if (chars_avail > tem) chars_avail = tem; /* One cannot read all of the available input. I can only read a single character at a time, or else programs which require input can be thwarted. If the buffer is larger than one character, I lose. Damn! */ if (tem < ibuffer_len) chars_avail = 0; if (result != -1) { while (chars_avail--) rl_stuff_char (rl_getc (in_stream)); } else { if (chars_avail) rl_stuff_char (input); } #endif /* !__GO32__ */ } static int next_macro_key (); /* Read a key, including pending input. */ int rl_read_key () { int c; rl_key_sequence_length++; if (rl_pending_input) { c = rl_pending_input; rl_pending_input = 0; } else { /* If input is coming from a macro, then use that. */ if (c = next_macro_key ()) return (c); /* If the user has an event function, then call it periodically. */ if (rl_event_hook) { while (rl_event_hook && !rl_get_char (&c)) { (*rl_event_hook) (); rl_gather_tyi (); } } else { if (!rl_get_char (&c)) c = rl_getc (in_stream); } } return (c); } /* Found later in this file. */ static void add_macro_char (), with_macro_input (); /* Do the command associated with KEY in MAP. If the associated command is really a keymap, then read another key, and dispatch into that map. */ int _rl_dispatch (key, map) register int key; Keymap map; { int r = 0; if (META_CHAR (key) && _rl_convert_meta_chars_to_ascii) { if (map[ESC].type == ISKMAP) { if (defining_kbd_macro) add_macro_char (ESC); map = FUNCTION_TO_KEYMAP (map, ESC); key = UNMETA (key); rl_key_sequence_length += 2; return (_rl_dispatch (key, map)); } else ding (); return 0; } if (defining_kbd_macro) add_macro_char (key); switch (map[key].type) { case ISFUNC: { Function *func = map[key].function; if (func != (Function *)NULL) { /* Special case rl_do_lowercase_version (). */ if (func == rl_do_lowercase_version) return (_rl_dispatch (to_lower (key), map)); r = (*map[key].function)(rl_numeric_arg * rl_arg_sign, key); /* If we have input pending, then the last command was a prefix command. Don't change the state of rl_last_func. Otherwise, remember the last command executed in this variable. */ if (!rl_pending_input) rl_last_func = map[key].function; } else { rl_abort (); return -1; } } break; case ISKMAP: if (map[key].function != (Function *)NULL) { int newkey; rl_key_sequence_length++; newkey = rl_read_key (); r = _rl_dispatch (newkey, FUNCTION_TO_KEYMAP (map, key)); } else { rl_abort (); return -1; } break; case ISMACR: if (map[key].function != (Function *)NULL) { char *macro; macro = savestring ((char *)map[key].function); with_macro_input (macro); return 0; } break; } #if defined (VI_MODE) if (rl_editing_mode == vi_mode && _rl_keymap == vi_movement_keymap && rl_vi_textmod_command (key)) _rl_vi_set_last (key, rl_numeric_arg, rl_arg_sign); #endif return (r); } /* **************************************************************** */ /* */ /* Hacking Keyboard Macros */ /* */ /* **************************************************************** */ /* The currently executing macro string. If this is non-zero, then it is a malloc ()'ed string where input is coming from. */ static char *executing_macro = (char *)NULL; /* The offset in the above string to the next character to be read. */ static int executing_macro_index = 0; /* The current macro string being built. Characters get stuffed in here by add_macro_char (). */ static char *current_macro = (char *)NULL; /* The size of the buffer allocated to current_macro. */ static int current_macro_size = 0; /* The index at which characters are being added to current_macro. */ static int current_macro_index = 0; /* A structure used to save nested macro strings. It is a linked list of string/index for each saved macro. */ struct saved_macro { struct saved_macro *next; char *string; int sindex; }; /* The list of saved macros. */ struct saved_macro *macro_list = (struct saved_macro *)NULL; /* Forward declarations of static functions. Thank you C. */ static void push_executing_macro (), pop_executing_macro (); /* This one has to be declared earlier in the file. */ /* static void add_macro_char (); */ /* Set up to read subsequent input from STRING. STRING is free ()'ed when we are done with it. */ static void with_macro_input (string) char *string; { push_executing_macro (); executing_macro = string; executing_macro_index = 0; } /* Return the next character available from a macro, or 0 if there are no macro characters. */ static int next_macro_key () { if (!executing_macro) return (0); if (!executing_macro[executing_macro_index]) { pop_executing_macro (); return (next_macro_key ()); } return (executing_macro[executing_macro_index++]); } /* Save the currently executing macro on a stack of saved macros. */ static void push_executing_macro () { struct saved_macro *saver; saver = (struct saved_macro *)xmalloc (sizeof (struct saved_macro)); saver->next = macro_list; saver->sindex = executing_macro_index; saver->string = executing_macro; macro_list = saver; } /* Discard the current macro, replacing it with the one on the top of the stack of saved macros. */ static void pop_executing_macro () { if (executing_macro) free (executing_macro); executing_macro = (char *)NULL; executing_macro_index = 0; if (macro_list) { struct saved_macro *disposer = macro_list; executing_macro = macro_list->string; executing_macro_index = macro_list->sindex; macro_list = macro_list->next; free (disposer); } } /* Add a character to the macro being built. */ static void add_macro_char (c) int c; { if (current_macro_index + 1 >= current_macro_size) { if (!current_macro) current_macro = xmalloc (current_macro_size = 25); else current_macro = xrealloc (current_macro, current_macro_size += 25); } current_macro[current_macro_index++] = c; current_macro[current_macro_index] = '\0'; } /* Begin defining a keyboard macro. Keystrokes are recorded as they are executed. End the definition with rl_end_kbd_macro (). If a numeric argument was explicitly typed, then append this definition to the end of the existing macro, and start by re-executing the existing macro. */ rl_start_kbd_macro (ignore1, ignore2) int ignore1, ignore2; { if (defining_kbd_macro) { rl_abort (); return -1; } if (rl_explicit_arg) { if (current_macro) with_macro_input (savestring (current_macro)); } else current_macro_index = 0; defining_kbd_macro = 1; return 0; } /* Stop defining a keyboard macro. A numeric argument says to execute the macro right now, that many times, counting the definition as the first time. */ rl_end_kbd_macro (count, ignore) int count, ignore; { if (!defining_kbd_macro) { rl_abort (); return -1; } current_macro_index -= (rl_key_sequence_length - 1); current_macro[current_macro_index] = '\0'; defining_kbd_macro = 0; return (rl_call_last_kbd_macro (--count, 0)); } /* Execute the most recently defined keyboard macro. COUNT says how many times to execute it. */ rl_call_last_kbd_macro (count, ignore) int count, ignore; { if (!current_macro) rl_abort (); if (defining_kbd_macro) { ding (); /* no recursive macros */ current_macro[--current_macro_index] = '\0'; /* erase this char */ return 0; } while (count--) with_macro_input (savestring (current_macro)); return 0; } void _rl_kill_kbd_macro () { if (current_macro) { free (current_macro); current_macro = (char *) NULL; } current_macro_size = current_macro_index = 0; if (executing_macro) { free (executing_macro); executing_macro = (char *) NULL; } executing_macro_index = 0; defining_kbd_macro = 0; } /* **************************************************************** */ /* */ /* Initializations */ /* */ /* **************************************************************** */ /* Initliaze readline (and terminal if not already). */ rl_initialize () { /* If we have never been called before, initialize the terminal and data structures. */ if (!rl_initialized) { readline_initialize_everything (); rl_initialized++; } /* Initalize the current line information. */ rl_point = rl_end = 0; the_line = rl_line_buffer; the_line[0] = 0; /* We aren't done yet. We haven't even gotten started yet! */ rl_done = 0; /* Tell the history routines what is going on. */ start_using_history (); /* Make the display buffer match the state of the line. */ rl_reset_line_state (); /* No such function typed yet. */ rl_last_func = (Function *)NULL; /* Parsing of key-bindings begins in an enabled state. */ _rl_parsing_conditionalized_out = 0; return 0; } /* Initialize the entire state of the world. */ static void readline_initialize_everything () { char *t; /* Find out if we are running in Emacs. */ running_in_emacs = getenv ("EMACS") != (char *)0; /* Set up input and output if they are not already set up. */ if (!rl_instream) rl_instream = stdin; if (!rl_outstream) rl_outstream = stdout; /* Bind in_stream and out_stream immediately. These values may change, but they may also be used before readline_internal () is called. */ in_stream = rl_instream; out_stream = rl_outstream; /* Allocate data structures. */ if (!rl_line_buffer) rl_line_buffer = xmalloc (rl_line_buffer_len = DEFAULT_BUFFER_SIZE); /* Initialize the terminal interface. */ init_terminal_io ((char *)NULL); #if !defined (__GO32__) /* Bind tty characters to readline functions. */ readline_default_bindings (); #endif /* !__GO32__ */ /* Initialize the function names. */ rl_initialize_funmap (); /* Check for LC_CTYPE and use its value to decide the defaults for 8-bit character input and output. */ t = getenv ("LC_CTYPE"); if (t && (strcmp (t, "iso-8859-1") == 0 || strcmp (t, "iso_8859_1") == 0)) { _rl_meta_flag = 1; _rl_convert_meta_chars_to_ascii = 0; _rl_output_meta_chars = 1; } /* Read in the init file. */ rl_read_init_file ((char *)NULL); /* XXX */ if (_rl_horizontal_scroll_mode && term_xn) { screenwidth--; screenchars -= screenheight; } /* Override the effect of any `set keymap' assignments in the inputrc file. */ rl_set_keymap_from_edit_mode (); /* Try to bind a common arrow key prefix, if not already bound. */ bind_arrow_keys (); /* If the completion parser's default word break characters haven't been set yet, then do so now. */ if (rl_completer_word_break_characters == (char *)NULL) rl_completer_word_break_characters = rl_basic_word_break_characters; } /* If this system allows us to look at the values of the regular input editing characters, then bind them to their readline equivalents, iff the characters are not bound to keymaps. */ static void readline_default_bindings () { rltty_set_default_bindings (_rl_keymap); } static void bind_arrow_keys_internal () { Function *f; f = rl_function_of_keyseq ("\033[A", _rl_keymap, (int *)NULL); if (!f || f == rl_do_lowercase_version) { _rl_bind_if_unbound ("\033[A", rl_get_previous_history); _rl_bind_if_unbound ("\033[B", rl_get_next_history); _rl_bind_if_unbound ("\033[C", rl_forward); _rl_bind_if_unbound ("\033[D", rl_backward); } f = rl_function_of_keyseq ("\033OA", _rl_keymap, (int *)NULL); if (!f || f == rl_do_lowercase_version) { _rl_bind_if_unbound ("\033OA", rl_get_previous_history); _rl_bind_if_unbound ("\033OB", rl_get_next_history); _rl_bind_if_unbound ("\033OC", rl_forward); _rl_bind_if_unbound ("\033OD", rl_backward); } } /* Try and bind the common arrow key prefix after giving termcap and the inputrc file a chance to bind them and create `real' keymaps for the arrow key prefix. */ static void bind_arrow_keys () { Keymap xkeymap; xkeymap = _rl_keymap; _rl_keymap = emacs_standard_keymap; bind_arrow_keys_internal (); #if defined (VI_MODE) _rl_keymap = vi_movement_keymap; bind_arrow_keys_internal (); #endif _rl_keymap = xkeymap; } /* **************************************************************** */ /* */ /* Numeric Arguments */ /* */ /* **************************************************************** */ /* Handle C-u style numeric args, as well as M--, and M-digits. */ static int rl_digit_loop () { int key, c; while (1) { rl_message ("(arg: %d) ", rl_arg_sign * rl_numeric_arg); key = c = rl_read_key (); if (_rl_keymap[c].type == ISFUNC && _rl_keymap[c].function == rl_universal_argument) { rl_numeric_arg *= 4; continue; } c = UNMETA (c); if (digit_p (c)) { if (rl_explicit_arg) rl_numeric_arg = (rl_numeric_arg * 10) + (c - '0'); else rl_numeric_arg = (c - '0'); rl_explicit_arg = 1; } else { if (c == '-' && !rl_explicit_arg) { rl_numeric_arg = 1; rl_arg_sign = -1; } else { rl_clear_message (); return (_rl_dispatch (key, _rl_keymap)); } } } return 0; } /* Add the current digit to the argument in progress. */ rl_digit_argument (ignore, key) int ignore, key; { rl_pending_input = key; return (rl_digit_loop ()); } /* What to do when you abort reading an argument. */ rl_discard_argument () { ding (); rl_clear_message (); rl_init_argument (); return 0; } /* Create a default argument. */ rl_init_argument () { rl_numeric_arg = rl_arg_sign = 1; rl_explicit_arg = 0; return 0; } /* C-u, universal argument. Multiply the current argument by 4. Read a key. If the key has nothing to do with arguments, then dispatch on it. If the key is the abort character then abort. */ rl_universal_argument () { rl_numeric_arg *= 4; return (rl_digit_loop ()); } /* **************************************************************** */ /* */ /* Terminal and Termcap */ /* */ /* **************************************************************** */ static char *term_buffer = (char *)NULL; static char *term_string_buffer = (char *)NULL; static int tcap_initialized = 0; /* Non-zero means this terminal can't really do anything. */ int dumb_term = 0; /* On Solaris2, sys/types.h #includes sys/reg.h, which #defines PC. Unfortunately, PC is a global variable used by the termcap library. */ #undef PC #if !defined (__linux__) /* If this causes problems, add back the `extern'. */ /*extern*/ char PC, *BC, *UP; #endif /* __linux__ */ /* Some strings to control terminal actions. These are output by tputs (). */ char *term_goto, *term_clreol, *term_cr, *term_clrpag, *term_backspace; char *term_pc; /* Non-zero if we determine that the terminal can do character insertion. */ int terminal_can_insert = 0; /* How to insert characters. */ char *term_im, *term_ei, *term_ic, *term_ip, *term_IC; /* How to delete characters. */ char *term_dc, *term_DC; #if defined (HACK_TERMCAP_MOTION) char *term_forward_char; #endif /* HACK_TERMCAP_MOTION */ /* How to go up a line. */ char *term_up; /* A visible bell, if the terminal can be made to flash the screen. */ char *visible_bell; /* Non-zero means that this terminal has a meta key. */ int term_has_meta; /* The string to write to turn on the meta key, if this term has one. */ char *term_mm; /* The string to write to turn off the meta key, if this term has one. */ char *term_mo; /* The key sequences output by the arrow keys, if this terminal has any. */ char *term_ku, *term_kd, *term_kr, *term_kl; /* How to initialize and reset the arrow keys, if this terminal has any. */ char *term_ks, *term_ke; /* Re-initialize the terminal considering that the TERM/TERMCAP variable has changed. */ rl_reset_terminal (terminal_name) char *terminal_name; { init_terminal_io (terminal_name); return 0; } /* Set readline's idea of the screen size. TTY is a file descriptor open to the terminal. If IGNORE_ENV is true, we do not pay attention to the values of $LINES and $COLUMNS. The tests for TERM_STRING_BUFFER being non-null serve to check whether or not we have initialized termcap. */ void _rl_set_screen_size (tty, ignore_env) int tty, ignore_env; { #if defined (TIOCGWINSZ) struct winsize window_size; #endif /* TIOCGWINSZ */ #if defined (TIOCGWINSZ) if (ioctl (tty, TIOCGWINSZ, &window_size) == 0) { screenwidth = (int) window_size.ws_col; screenheight = (int) window_size.ws_row; } #endif /* TIOCGWINSZ */ /* Environment variable COLUMNS overrides setting of "co" if IGNORE_ENV is unset. */ if (screenwidth <= 0) { char *sw; if (!ignore_env && (sw = getenv ("COLUMNS"))) screenwidth = atoi (sw); if (screenwidth <= 0 && term_string_buffer) screenwidth = tgetnum ("co"); } /* Environment variable LINES overrides setting of "li" if IGNORE_ENV is unset. */ if (screenheight <= 0) { char *sh; if (!ignore_env && (sh = getenv ("LINES"))) screenheight = atoi (sh); if (screenheight <= 0 && term_string_buffer) screenheight = tgetnum ("li"); } /* If all else fails, default to 80x24 terminal. */ if (screenwidth <= 1) screenwidth = 80; if (screenheight <= 0) screenheight = 24; #if defined (SHELL) /* If we're being compiled as part of bash, set the environment variables $LINES and $COLUMNS to new values. */ set_lines_and_columns (screenheight, screenwidth); #endif if (!term_xn) screenwidth--; screenchars = screenwidth * screenheight; } struct _tc_string { char *tc_var; char **tc_value; }; /* This should be kept sorted, just in case we decide to change the search algorithm to something smarter. */ static struct _tc_string tc_strings[] = { "DC", &term_DC, "IC", &term_IC, "ce", &term_clreol, "cl", &term_clrpag, "cr", &term_cr, "dc", &term_dc, "ei", &term_ei, "ic", &term_ic, "im", &term_im, "kd", &term_kd, "kl", &term_kl, "kr", &term_kr, "ku", &term_ku, "ks", &term_ks, "ke", &term_ke, "le", &term_backspace, "mm", &term_mm, "mo", &term_mo, #if defined (HACK_TERMCAP_MOTION) "nd", &term_forward_char, #endif "pc", &term_pc, "up", &term_up, "vb", &visible_bell, }; #define NUM_TC_STRINGS (sizeof (tc_strings) / sizeof (struct _tc_string)) /* Read the desired terminal capability strings into BP. The capabilities are described in the TC_STRINGS table. */ static void get_term_capabilities (bp) char **bp; { register int i; for (i = 0; i < NUM_TC_STRINGS; i++) *(tc_strings[i].tc_value) = tgetstr (tc_strings[i].tc_var, bp); tcap_initialized = 1; } static int init_terminal_io (terminal_name) char *terminal_name; { #if defined (__GO32__) screenwidth = ScreenCols (); screenheight = ScreenRows (); screenchars = screenwidth * screenheight; term_cr = "\r"; term_im = term_ei = term_ic = term_IC = (char *)NULL; term_up = term_dc = term_DC = visible_bell = (char *)NULL; /* Does the __GO32__ have a meta key? I don't know. */ term_has_meta = 0; term_mm = term_mo = (char *)NULL; /* It probably has arrow keys, but I don't know what they are. */ term_ku = term_kd = term_kr = term_kl = (char *)NULL; #if defined (HACK_TERMCAP_MOTION) term_forward_char = (char *)NULL; #endif /* HACK_TERMCAP_MOTION */ terminal_can_insert = term_xn = 0; return; #else /* !__GO32__ */ char *term, *buffer; int tty; Keymap xkeymap; term = terminal_name ? terminal_name : getenv ("TERM"); if (!term_string_buffer) term_string_buffer = xmalloc (2048); if (!term_buffer) term_buffer = xmalloc (2048); buffer = term_string_buffer; term_clrpag = term_cr = term_clreol = (char *)NULL; if (!term) term = "dumb"; if (tgetent (term_buffer, term) <= 0) { dumb_term = 1; screenwidth = 79; screenheight = 24; screenchars = 79 * 24; term_cr = "\r"; term_im = term_ei = term_ic = term_IC = (char *)NULL; term_up = term_dc = term_DC = visible_bell = (char *)NULL; term_ku = term_kd = term_kl = term_kr = (char *)NULL; #if defined (HACK_TERMCAP_MOTION) term_forward_char = (char *)NULL; #endif terminal_can_insert = 0; return 0; } get_term_capabilities (&buffer); /* Set up the variables that the termcap library expects the application to provide. */ PC = term_pc ? *term_pc : 0; BC = term_backspace; UP = term_up; if (!term_cr) term_cr = "\r"; if (rl_instream) tty = fileno (rl_instream); else tty = 0; screenwidth = screenheight = 0; term_xn = tgetflag ("am") && tgetflag ("xn"); _rl_set_screen_size (tty, 0); /* "An application program can assume that the terminal can do character insertion if *any one of* the capabilities `IC', `im', `ic' or `ip' is provided." But we can't do anything if only `ip' is provided, so... */ terminal_can_insert = (term_IC || term_im || term_ic); /* Check to see if this terminal has a meta key and clear the capability variables if there is none. */ term_has_meta = (tgetflag ("km") || tgetflag ("MT")); if (!term_has_meta) { term_mm = (char *)NULL; term_mo = (char *)NULL; } /* Attempt to find and bind the arrow keys. Do not override already bound keys in an overzealous attempt, however. */ xkeymap = _rl_keymap; _rl_keymap = emacs_standard_keymap; _rl_bind_if_unbound (term_ku, rl_get_previous_history); _rl_bind_if_unbound (term_kd, rl_get_next_history); _rl_bind_if_unbound (term_kr, rl_forward); _rl_bind_if_unbound (term_kl, rl_backward); #if defined (VI_MODE) _rl_keymap = vi_movement_keymap; _rl_bind_if_unbound (term_ku, rl_get_previous_history); _rl_bind_if_unbound (term_kd, rl_get_next_history); _rl_bind_if_unbound (term_kr, rl_forward); _rl_bind_if_unbound (term_kl, rl_backward); #endif /* VI_MODE */ _rl_keymap = xkeymap; #endif /* !__GO32__ */ return 0; } char * rl_get_termcap (cap) char *cap; { register int i; if (tcap_initialized == 0) return ((char *)NULL); for (i = 0; i < NUM_TC_STRINGS; i++) { if (tc_strings[i].tc_var[0] == cap[0] && strcmp (tc_strings[i].tc_var, cap) == 0) return *(tc_strings[i].tc_value); } return ((char *)NULL); } /* A function for the use of tputs () */ int _rl_output_character_function (c) int c; { return putc (c, out_stream); } /* Write COUNT characters from STRING to the output stream. */ void _rl_output_some_chars (string, count) char *string; int count; { fwrite (string, 1, count, out_stream); } /* Move the cursor back. */ backspace (count) int count; { register int i; #if !defined (__GO32__) if (term_backspace) for (i = 0; i < count; i++) tputs (term_backspace, 1, _rl_output_character_function); else #endif /* !__GO32__ */ for (i = 0; i < count; i++) putc ('\b', out_stream); return 0; } /* Move to the start of the next line. */ crlf () { #if defined (NEW_TTY_DRIVER) tputs (term_cr, 1, _rl_output_character_function); #endif /* NEW_TTY_DRIVER */ putc ('\n', out_stream); return 0; } rl_tty_status (count, key) int count, key; { #if defined (TIOCSTAT) ioctl (1, TIOCSTAT, (char *)0); rl_refresh_line (); #else ding (); #endif return 0; } /* **************************************************************** */ /* */ /* Utility Functions */ /* */ /* **************************************************************** */ /* Return 0 if C is not a member of the class of characters that belong in words, or 1 if it is. */ int allow_pathname_alphabetic_chars = 0; char *pathname_alphabetic_chars = "/-_=~.#$"; int alphabetic (c) int c; { if (pure_alphabetic (c) || (digit_p (c))) return (1); if (allow_pathname_alphabetic_chars) return (strchr (pathname_alphabetic_chars, c) != NULL); else return (0); } /* Ring the terminal bell. */ int ding () { if (readline_echoing_p) { #if !defined (__GO32__) switch (_rl_bell_preference) { case NO_BELL: default: break; case VISIBLE_BELL: if (visible_bell) { tputs (visible_bell, 1, _rl_output_character_function); break; } /* FALLTHROUGH */ case AUDIBLE_BELL: fprintf (stderr, "\007"); fflush (stderr); break; } #else /* __GO32__ */ fprintf (stderr, "\007"); fflush (stderr); #endif /* __GO32__ */ return (0); } return (-1); } /* How to abort things. */ rl_abort (count, key) int count, key; { ding (); rl_clear_message (); rl_init_argument (); rl_pending_input = 0; defining_kbd_macro = 0; while (executing_macro) pop_executing_macro (); rl_last_func = (Function *)NULL; longjmp (readline_top_level, 1); } /* Return a copy of the string between FROM and TO. FROM is inclusive, TO is not. */ char * rl_copy_text (from, to) int from, to; { register int length; char *copy; /* Fix it if the caller is confused. */ if (from > to) { int t = from; from = to; to = t; } length = to - from; copy = xmalloc (1 + length); strncpy (copy, the_line + from, length); copy[length] = '\0'; return (copy); } /* Increase the size of RL_LINE_BUFFER until it has enough space to hold LEN characters. */ void rl_extend_line_buffer (len) int len; { while (len >= rl_line_buffer_len) { rl_line_buffer_len += DEFAULT_BUFFER_SIZE; rl_line_buffer = xrealloc (rl_line_buffer, rl_line_buffer_len); } the_line = rl_line_buffer; } /* **************************************************************** */ /* */ /* Insert and Delete */ /* */ /* **************************************************************** */ /* Insert a string of text into the line at point. This is the only way that you should do insertion. rl_insert () calls this function. */ rl_insert_text (string) char *string; { register int i, l = strlen (string); if (rl_end + l >= rl_line_buffer_len) rl_extend_line_buffer (rl_end + l); for (i = rl_end; i >= rl_point; i--) the_line[i + l] = the_line[i]; strncpy (the_line + rl_point, string, l); /* Remember how to undo this if we aren't undoing something. */ if (!doing_an_undo) { /* If possible and desirable, concatenate the undos. */ if ((l == 1) && rl_undo_list && (rl_undo_list->what == UNDO_INSERT) && (rl_undo_list->end == rl_point) && (rl_undo_list->end - rl_undo_list->start < 20)) rl_undo_list->end++; else rl_add_undo (UNDO_INSERT, rl_point, rl_point + l, (char *)NULL); } rl_point += l; rl_end += l; the_line[rl_end] = '\0'; return l; } /* Delete the string between FROM and TO. FROM is inclusive, TO is not. */ rl_delete_text (from, to) int from, to; { register char *text; register int diff, i; /* Fix it if the caller is confused. */ if (from > to) { int t = from; from = to; to = t; } if (to > rl_end) to = rl_end; text = rl_copy_text (from, to); /* Some versions of strncpy() can't handle overlapping arguments. */ diff = to - from; for (i = from; i < rl_end - diff; i++) the_line[i] = the_line[i + diff]; /* Remember how to undo this delete. */ if (!doing_an_undo) rl_add_undo (UNDO_DELETE, from, to, text); else free (text); rl_end -= diff; the_line[rl_end] = '\0'; return (diff); } /* **************************************************************** */ /* */ /* Readline character functions */ /* */ /* **************************************************************** */ /* This is not a gap editor, just a stupid line input routine. No hair is involved in writing any of the functions, and none should be. */ /* Note that: rl_end is the place in the string that we would place '\0'; i.e., it is always safe to place '\0' there. rl_point is the place in the string where the cursor is. Sometimes this is the same as rl_end. Any command that is called interactively receives two arguments. The first is a count: the numeric arg pased to this command. The second is the key which invoked this command. */ /* **************************************************************** */ /* */ /* Movement Commands */ /* */ /* **************************************************************** */ /* Note that if you `optimize' the display for these functions, you cannot use said functions in other functions which do not do optimizing display. I.e., you will have to update the data base for rl_redisplay, and you might as well let rl_redisplay do that job. */ /* Move forward COUNT characters. */ rl_forward (count, key) int count, key; { if (count < 0) rl_backward (-count); else if (count > 0) { int end = rl_point + count; #if defined (VI_MODE) int lend = rl_end - (rl_editing_mode == vi_mode); #else int lend = rl_end; #endif if (end > lend) { rl_point = lend; ding (); } else rl_point = end; } return 0; } /* Move backward COUNT characters. */ rl_backward (count, key) int count, key; { if (count < 0) rl_forward (-count); else if (count > 0) { if (rl_point < count) { rl_point = 0; ding (); } else rl_point -= count; } return 0; } /* Move to the beginning of the line. */ rl_beg_of_line (count, key) int count, key; { rl_point = 0; return 0; } /* Move to the end of the line. */ rl_end_of_line (count, key) int count, key; { rl_point = rl_end; return 0; } /* Move forward a word. We do what Emacs does. */ rl_forward_word (count, key) int count, key; { int c; if (count < 0) { rl_backward_word (-count); return 0; } while (count) { if (rl_point == rl_end) return 0; /* If we are not in a word, move forward until we are in one. Then, move forward until we hit a non-alphabetic character. */ c = the_line[rl_point]; if (!alphabetic (c)) { while (++rl_point < rl_end) { c = the_line[rl_point]; if (alphabetic (c)) break; } } if (rl_point == rl_end) return 0; while (++rl_point < rl_end) { c = the_line[rl_point]; if (!alphabetic (c)) break; } --count; } return 0; } /* Move backward a word. We do what Emacs does. */ rl_backward_word (count, key) int count, key; { int c; if (count < 0) { rl_forward_word (-count); return 0; } while (count) { if (!rl_point) return 0; /* Like rl_forward_word (), except that we look at the characters just before point. */ c = the_line[rl_point - 1]; if (!alphabetic (c)) { while (--rl_point) { c = the_line[rl_point - 1]; if (alphabetic (c)) break; } } while (rl_point) { c = the_line[rl_point - 1]; if (!alphabetic (c)) break; else --rl_point; } --count; } return 0; } /* Clear the current line. Numeric argument to C-l does this. */ rl_refresh_line () { int curr_line, nleft; /* Find out whether or not there might be invisible characters in the editing buffer. */ if (rl_display_prompt == rl_prompt) nleft = _rl_last_c_pos - screenwidth - rl_visible_prompt_length; else nleft = _rl_last_c_pos - screenwidth; if (nleft > 0) curr_line = 1 + nleft / screenwidth; else curr_line = 0; _rl_move_vert (curr_line); _rl_move_cursor_relative (0, the_line); /* XXX is this right */ #if defined (__GO32__) { int row, col, width, row_start; ScreenGetCursor (&row, &col); width = ScreenCols (); row_start = ScreenPrimary + (row * width); memset (row_start + col, 0, (width - col) * 2); } #else /* !__GO32__ */ if (term_clreol) tputs (term_clreol, 1, _rl_output_character_function); #endif /* !__GO32__ */ rl_forced_update_display (); rl_display_fixed = 1; return 0; } /* C-l typed to a line without quoting clears the screen, and then reprints the prompt and the current input line. Given a numeric arg, redraw only the current line. */ rl_clear_screen (count, key) int count, key; { if (rl_explicit_arg) { rl_refresh_line (); return 0; } #if !defined (__GO32__) if (term_clrpag) tputs (term_clrpag, 1, _rl_output_character_function); else #endif /* !__GO32__ */ crlf (); rl_forced_update_display (); rl_display_fixed = 1; return 0; } rl_arrow_keys (count, c) int count, c; { int ch; ch = rl_read_key (); switch (to_upper (ch)) { case 'A': rl_get_previous_history (count); break; case 'B': rl_get_next_history (count); break; case 'C': rl_forward (count); break; case 'D': rl_backward (count); break; default: ding (); } return 0; } /* **************************************************************** */ /* */ /* Text commands */ /* */ /* **************************************************************** */ /* Insert the character C at the current location, moving point forward. */ rl_insert (count, c) int count, c; { register int i; char *string; if (count <= 0) return 0; /* If we can optimize, then do it. But don't let people crash readline because of extra large arguments. */ if (count > 1 && count < 1024) { string = xmalloc (1 + count); for (i = 0; i < count; i++) string[i] = c; string[i] = '\0'; rl_insert_text (string); free (string); return 0; } if (count > 1024) { int decreaser; char str[1024+1]; for (i = 0; i < 1024; i++) str[i] = c; while (count) { decreaser = (count > 1024 ? 1024 : count); str[decreaser] = '\0'; rl_insert_text (str); count -= decreaser; } return 0; } /* We are inserting a single character. If there is pending input, then make a string of all of the pending characters that are bound to rl_insert, and insert them all. */ if (any_typein) { int key = 0, t; i = 0; string = xmalloc (ibuffer_len + 1); string[i++] = c; while ((t = rl_get_char (&key)) && (_rl_keymap[key].type == ISFUNC && _rl_keymap[key].function == rl_insert)) string[i++] = key; if (t) rl_unget_char (key); string[i] = '\0'; rl_insert_text (string); free (string); } else { /* Inserting a single character. */ char str[2]; str[1] = '\0'; str[0] = c; rl_insert_text (str); } return 0; } /* Insert the next typed character verbatim. */ rl_quoted_insert (count, key) int count, key; { int c; c = rl_read_key (); return (rl_insert (count, c)); } /* Insert a tab character. */ rl_tab_insert (count, key) int count, key; { return (rl_insert (count, '\t')); } /* What to do when a NEWLINE is pressed. We accept the whole line. KEY is the key that invoked this command. I guess it could have meaning in the future. */ rl_newline (count, key) int count, key; { rl_done = 1; #if defined (VI_MODE) _rl_vi_done_inserting (); _rl_vi_reset_last (); #endif /* VI_MODE */ if (readline_echoing_p) _rl_update_final (); return 0; } rl_clean_up_for_exit () { if (readline_echoing_p) { _rl_move_vert (_rl_vis_botlin); _rl_vis_botlin = 0; fflush (out_stream); rl_restart_output (); } return 0; } /* What to do for some uppercase characters, like meta characters, and some characters appearing in emacs_ctlx_keymap. This function is just a stub, you bind keys to it and the code in _rl_dispatch () is special cased. */ rl_do_lowercase_version (ignore1, ignore2) int ignore1, ignore2; { return 0; } /* Rubout the character behind point. */ rl_rubout (count, key) int count, key; { if (count < 0) { rl_delete (-count); return 0; } if (!rl_point) { ding (); return -1; } if (count > 1 || rl_explicit_arg) { int orig_point = rl_point; rl_backward (count); rl_kill_text (orig_point, rl_point); } else { int c = the_line[--rl_point]; rl_delete_text (rl_point, rl_point + 1); if (rl_point == rl_end && isprint (c) && _rl_last_c_pos) { int l; l = rl_character_len (c, rl_point); _rl_erase_at_end_of_line (l); } } return 0; } /* Delete the character under the cursor. Given a numeric argument, kill that many characters instead. */ rl_delete (count, invoking_key) int count, invoking_key; { if (count < 0) { return (rl_rubout (-count)); } if (rl_point == rl_end) { ding (); return -1; } if (count > 1 || rl_explicit_arg) { int orig_point = rl_point; rl_forward (count); rl_kill_text (orig_point, rl_point); rl_point = orig_point; return 0; } else return (rl_delete_text (rl_point, rl_point + 1)); } /* Delete all spaces and tabs around point. */ rl_delete_horizontal_space (count, ignore) int count, ignore; { int start = rl_point; while (rl_point && whitespace (the_line[rl_point - 1])) rl_point--; start = rl_point; while (rl_point < rl_end && whitespace (the_line[rl_point])) rl_point++; if (start != rl_point) { rl_delete_text (start, rl_point); rl_point = start; } return 0; } /* **************************************************************** */ /* */ /* Kill commands */ /* */ /* **************************************************************** */ /* The next two functions mimic unix line editing behaviour, except they save the deleted text on the kill ring. This is safer than not saving it, and since we have a ring, nobody should get screwed. */ /* This does what C-w does in Unix. We can't prevent people from using behaviour that they expect. */ rl_unix_word_rubout (count, key) int count, key; { if (!rl_point) ding (); else { int orig_point = rl_point; if (count <= 0) count = 1; while (count--) { while (rl_point && whitespace (the_line[rl_point - 1])) rl_point--; while (rl_point && !whitespace (the_line[rl_point - 1])) rl_point--; } rl_kill_text (orig_point, rl_point); } return 0; } /* Here is C-u doing what Unix does. You don't *have* to use these key-bindings. We have a choice of killing the entire line, or killing from where we are to the start of the line. We choose the latter, because if you are a Unix weenie, then you haven't backspaced into the line at all, and if you aren't, then you know what you are doing. */ rl_unix_line_discard (count, key) int count, key; { if (!rl_point) ding (); else { rl_kill_text (rl_point, 0); rl_point = 0; } return 0; } /* **************************************************************** */ /* */ /* Commands For Typos */ /* */ /* **************************************************************** */ /* Random and interesting things in here. */ /* **************************************************************** */ /* */ /* Changing Case */ /* */ /* **************************************************************** */ /* The three kinds of things that we know how to do. */ #define UpCase 1 #define DownCase 2 #define CapCase 3 static int rl_change_case (); /* Uppercase the word at point. */ rl_upcase_word (count, key) int count, key; { return (rl_change_case (count, UpCase)); } /* Lowercase the word at point. */ rl_downcase_word (count, key) int count, key; { return (rl_change_case (count, DownCase)); } /* Upcase the first letter, downcase the rest. */ rl_capitalize_word (count, key) int count, key; { return (rl_change_case (count, CapCase)); } /* The meaty function. Change the case of COUNT words, performing OP on them. OP is one of UpCase, DownCase, or CapCase. If a negative argument is given, leave point where it started, otherwise, leave it where it moves to. */ static int rl_change_case (count, op) int count, op; { register int start = rl_point, end; int state = 0; rl_forward_word (count); end = rl_point; if (count < 0) { int temp = start; start = end; end = temp; } /* We are going to modify some text, so let's prepare to undo it. */ rl_modifying (start, end); for (; start < end; start++) { switch (op) { case UpCase: the_line[start] = to_upper (the_line[start]); break; case DownCase: the_line[start] = to_lower (the_line[start]); break; case CapCase: if (state == 0) { the_line[start] = to_upper (the_line[start]); state = 1; } else { the_line[start] = to_lower (the_line[start]); } if (!pure_alphabetic (the_line[start])) state = 0; break; default: ding (); return -1; } } rl_point = end; return 0; } /* **************************************************************** */ /* */ /* Transposition */ /* */ /* **************************************************************** */ /* Transpose the words at point. */ rl_transpose_words (count, key) int count, key; { char *word1, *word2; int w1_beg, w1_end, w2_beg, w2_end; int orig_point = rl_point; if (!count) return 0; /* Find the two words. */ rl_forward_word (count); w2_end = rl_point; rl_backward_word (1); w2_beg = rl_point; rl_backward_word (count); w1_beg = rl_point; rl_forward_word (1); w1_end = rl_point; /* Do some check to make sure that there really are two words. */ if ((w1_beg == w2_beg) || (w2_beg < w1_end)) { ding (); rl_point = orig_point; return -1; } /* Get the text of the words. */ word1 = rl_copy_text (w1_beg, w1_end); word2 = rl_copy_text (w2_beg, w2_end); /* We are about to do many insertions and deletions. Remember them as one operation. */ rl_begin_undo_group (); /* Do the stuff at word2 first, so that we don't have to worry about word1 moving. */ rl_point = w2_beg; rl_delete_text (w2_beg, w2_end); rl_insert_text (word1); rl_point = w1_beg; rl_delete_text (w1_beg, w1_end); rl_insert_text (word2); /* This is exactly correct since the text before this point has not changed in length. */ rl_point = w2_end; /* I think that does it. */ rl_end_undo_group (); free (word1); free (word2); return 0; } /* Transpose the characters at point. If point is at the end of the line, then transpose the characters before point. */ rl_transpose_chars (count, key) int count, key; { char dummy[2]; if (!count) return 0; if (!rl_point || rl_end < 2) { ding (); return -1; } rl_begin_undo_group (); if (rl_point == rl_end) { --rl_point; count = 1; } rl_point--; dummy[0] = the_line[rl_point]; dummy[1] = '\0'; rl_delete_text (rl_point, rl_point + 1); rl_point += count; if (rl_point > rl_end) rl_point = rl_end; else if (rl_point < 0) rl_point = 0; rl_insert_text (dummy); rl_end_undo_group (); return 0; } /* **************************************************************** */ /* */ /* Undo, and Undoing */ /* */ /* **************************************************************** */ /* The current undo list for THE_LINE. */ UNDO_LIST *rl_undo_list = (UNDO_LIST *)NULL; /* Remember how to undo something. Concatenate some undos if that seems right. */ void rl_add_undo (what, start, end, text) enum undo_code what; int start, end; char *text; { UNDO_LIST *temp = (UNDO_LIST *)xmalloc (sizeof (UNDO_LIST)); temp->what = what; temp->start = start; temp->end = end; temp->text = text; temp->next = rl_undo_list; rl_undo_list = temp; } /* Free the existing undo list. */ void free_undo_list () { while (rl_undo_list) { UNDO_LIST *release = rl_undo_list; rl_undo_list = rl_undo_list->next; if (release->what == UNDO_DELETE) free (release->text); free (release); } rl_undo_list = (UNDO_LIST *)NULL; } /* Undo the next thing in the list. Return 0 if there is nothing to undo, or non-zero if there was. */ int rl_do_undo () { UNDO_LIST *release; int waiting_for_begin = 0; undo_thing: if (!rl_undo_list) return (0); doing_an_undo = 1; switch (rl_undo_list->what) { /* Undoing deletes means inserting some text. */ case UNDO_DELETE: rl_point = rl_undo_list->start; rl_insert_text (rl_undo_list->text); free (rl_undo_list->text); break; /* Undoing inserts means deleting some text. */ case UNDO_INSERT: rl_delete_text (rl_undo_list->start, rl_undo_list->end); rl_point = rl_undo_list->start; break; /* Undoing an END means undoing everything 'til we get to a BEGIN. */ case UNDO_END: waiting_for_begin++; break; /* Undoing a BEGIN means that we are done with this group. */ case UNDO_BEGIN: if (waiting_for_begin) waiting_for_begin--; else ding (); break; } doing_an_undo = 0; release = rl_undo_list; rl_undo_list = rl_undo_list->next; free (release); if (waiting_for_begin) goto undo_thing; return (1); } /* Begin a group. Subsequent undos are undone as an atomic operation. */ int rl_begin_undo_group () { rl_add_undo (UNDO_BEGIN, 0, 0, 0); return 0; } /* End an undo group started with rl_begin_undo_group (). */ int rl_end_undo_group () { rl_add_undo (UNDO_END, 0, 0, 0); return 0; } /* Save an undo entry for the text from START to END. */ rl_modifying (start, end) int start, end; { if (start > end) { int t = start; start = end; end = t; } if (start != end) { char *temp = rl_copy_text (start, end); rl_begin_undo_group (); rl_add_undo (UNDO_DELETE, start, end, temp); rl_add_undo (UNDO_INSERT, start, end, (char *)NULL); rl_end_undo_group (); } return 0; } /* Revert the current line to its previous state. */ int rl_revert_line (count, key) int count, key; { if (!rl_undo_list) ding (); else { while (rl_undo_list) rl_do_undo (); } return 0; } /* Do some undoing of things that were done. */ int rl_undo_command (count, key) int count, key; { if (count < 0) return 0; /* Nothing to do. */ while (count) { if (rl_do_undo ()) count--; else { ding (); break; } } return 0; } /* **************************************************************** */ /* */ /* History Utilities */ /* */ /* **************************************************************** */ /* We already have a history library, and that is what we use to control the history features of readline. However, this is our local interface to the history mechanism. */ /* While we are editing the history, this is the saved version of the original line. */ HIST_ENTRY *saved_line_for_history = (HIST_ENTRY *)NULL; /* Set the history pointer back to the last entry in the history. */ static void start_using_history () { using_history (); if (saved_line_for_history) _rl_free_history_entry (saved_line_for_history); saved_line_for_history = (HIST_ENTRY *)NULL; } /* Free the contents (and containing structure) of a HIST_ENTRY. */ void _rl_free_history_entry (entry) HIST_ENTRY *entry; { if (!entry) return; if (entry->line) free (entry->line); free (entry); } /* Perhaps put back the current line if it has changed. */ maybe_replace_line () { HIST_ENTRY *temp = current_history (); /* If the current line has changed, save the changes. */ if (temp && ((UNDO_LIST *)(temp->data) != rl_undo_list)) { temp = replace_history_entry (where_history (), the_line, rl_undo_list); free (temp->line); free (temp); } return 0; } /* Put back the saved_line_for_history if there is one. */ maybe_unsave_line () { if (saved_line_for_history) { int line_len; line_len = strlen (saved_line_for_history->line); if (line_len >= rl_line_buffer_len) rl_extend_line_buffer (line_len); strcpy (the_line, saved_line_for_history->line); rl_undo_list = (UNDO_LIST *)saved_line_for_history->data; _rl_free_history_entry (saved_line_for_history); saved_line_for_history = (HIST_ENTRY *)NULL; rl_end = rl_point = strlen (the_line); } else ding (); return 0; } /* Save the current line in saved_line_for_history. */ maybe_save_line () { if (!saved_line_for_history) { saved_line_for_history = (HIST_ENTRY *)xmalloc (sizeof (HIST_ENTRY)); saved_line_for_history->line = savestring (the_line); saved_line_for_history->data = (char *)rl_undo_list; } return 0; } /* **************************************************************** */ /* */ /* History Commands */ /* */ /* **************************************************************** */ /* Meta-< goes to the start of the history. */ rl_beginning_of_history (count, key) int count, key; { return (rl_get_previous_history (1 + where_history ())); } /* Meta-> goes to the end of the history. (The current line). */ rl_end_of_history (count, key) int count, key; { maybe_replace_line (); using_history (); maybe_unsave_line (); return 0; } /* Move down to the next history line. */ rl_get_next_history (count, key) int count, key; { HIST_ENTRY *temp = (HIST_ENTRY *)NULL; if (count < 0) return (rl_get_previous_history (-count)); if (!count) return 0; maybe_replace_line (); while (count) { temp = next_history (); if (!temp) break; --count; } if (!temp) maybe_unsave_line (); else { int line_len; line_len = strlen (temp->line); if (line_len >= rl_line_buffer_len) rl_extend_line_buffer (line_len); strcpy (the_line, temp->line); rl_undo_list = (UNDO_LIST *)temp->data; rl_end = rl_point = strlen (the_line); #if defined (VI_MODE) if (rl_editing_mode == vi_mode) rl_point = 0; #endif /* VI_MODE */ } return 0; } /* Get the previous item out of our interactive history, making it the current line. If there is no previous history, just ding. */ rl_get_previous_history (count, key) int count, key; { HIST_ENTRY *old_temp = (HIST_ENTRY *)NULL; HIST_ENTRY *temp = (HIST_ENTRY *)NULL; if (count < 0) return (rl_get_next_history (-count)); if (!count) return 0; /* If we don't have a line saved, then save this one. */ maybe_save_line (); /* If the current line has changed, save the changes. */ maybe_replace_line (); while (count) { temp = previous_history (); if (!temp) break; else old_temp = temp; --count; } /* If there was a large argument, and we moved back to the start of the history, that is not an error. So use the last value found. */ if (!temp && old_temp) temp = old_temp; if (!temp) ding (); else { int line_len; line_len = strlen (temp->line); if (line_len >= rl_line_buffer_len) rl_extend_line_buffer (line_len); strcpy (the_line, temp->line); rl_undo_list = (UNDO_LIST *)temp->data; rl_end = rl_point = line_len; #if defined (VI_MODE) if (rl_editing_mode == vi_mode) rl_point = 0; #endif /* VI_MODE */ } return 0; } /* Make C be the next command to be executed. */ rl_execute_next (c) int c; { rl_pending_input = c; return 0; } /* **************************************************************** */ /* */ /* The Mark and the Region. */ /* */ /* **************************************************************** */ /* Set the mark at POSITION. */ rl_set_mark (position) int position; { if (position > rl_end) return -1; rl_mark = position; return 0; } /* Exchange the position of mark and point. */ rl_exchange_mark_and_point (count, key) int count, key; { if (rl_mark > rl_end) rl_mark = -1; if (rl_mark == -1) { ding (); return -1; } else { int temp = rl_point; rl_point = rl_mark; rl_mark = temp; } return 0; } /* **************************************************************** */ /* */ /* Killing Mechanism */ /* */ /* **************************************************************** */ /* What we assume for a max number of kills. */ #define DEFAULT_MAX_KILLS 10 /* The real variable to look at to find out when to flush kills. */ int rl_max_kills = DEFAULT_MAX_KILLS; /* Where to store killed text. */ char **rl_kill_ring = (char **)NULL; /* Where we are in the kill ring. */ int rl_kill_index = 0; /* How many slots we have in the kill ring. */ int rl_kill_ring_length = 0; /* How to say that you only want to save a certain amount of kill material. */ rl_set_retained_kills (num) int num; { return 0; } /* The way to kill something. This appends or prepends to the last kill, if the last command was a kill command. if FROM is less than TO, then the text is appended, otherwise prepended. If the last command was not a kill command, then a new slot is made for this kill. */ rl_kill_text (from, to) int from, to; { int slot; char *text; /* Is there anything to kill? */ if (from == to) { last_command_was_kill++; return 0; } text = rl_copy_text (from, to); /* Delete the copied text from the line. */ rl_delete_text (from, to); /* First, find the slot to work with. */ if (!last_command_was_kill) { /* Get a new slot. */ if (!rl_kill_ring) { /* If we don't have any defined, then make one. */ rl_kill_ring = (char **) xmalloc (((rl_kill_ring_length = 1) + 1) * sizeof (char *)); rl_kill_ring[slot = 0] = (char *)NULL; } else { /* We have to add a new slot on the end, unless we have exceeded the max limit for remembering kills. */ slot = rl_kill_ring_length; if (slot == rl_max_kills) { register int i; free (rl_kill_ring[0]); for (i = 0; i < slot; i++) rl_kill_ring[i] = rl_kill_ring[i + 1]; } else { slot = rl_kill_ring_length += 1; rl_kill_ring = (char **)xrealloc (rl_kill_ring, slot * sizeof (char *)); } rl_kill_ring[--slot] = (char *)NULL; } } else slot = rl_kill_ring_length - 1; /* If the last command was a kill, prepend or append. */ if (last_command_was_kill && rl_editing_mode != vi_mode) { char *old = rl_kill_ring[slot]; char *new = xmalloc (1 + strlen (old) + strlen (text)); if (from < to) { strcpy (new, old); strcat (new, text); } else { strcpy (new, text); strcat (new, old); } free (old); free (text); rl_kill_ring[slot] = new; } else { rl_kill_ring[slot] = text; } rl_kill_index = slot; last_command_was_kill++; return 0; } /* Now REMEMBER! In order to do prepending or appending correctly, kill commands always make rl_point's original position be the FROM argument, and rl_point's extent be the TO argument. */ /* **************************************************************** */ /* */ /* Killing Commands */ /* */ /* **************************************************************** */ /* Delete the word at point, saving the text in the kill ring. */ rl_kill_word (count, key) int count, key; { int orig_point = rl_point; if (count < 0) return (rl_backward_kill_word (-count)); else { rl_forward_word (count); if (rl_point != orig_point) rl_kill_text (orig_point, rl_point); rl_point = orig_point; } return 0; } /* Rubout the word before point, placing it on the kill ring. */ rl_backward_kill_word (count, ignore) int count, ignore; { int orig_point = rl_point; if (count < 0) return (rl_kill_word (-count)); else { rl_backward_word (count); if (rl_point != orig_point) rl_kill_text (orig_point, rl_point); } return 0; } /* Kill from here to the end of the line. If DIRECTION is negative, kill back to the line start instead. */ rl_kill_line (direction, ignore) int direction, ignore; { int orig_point = rl_point; if (direction < 0) return (rl_backward_kill_line (1)); else { rl_end_of_line (); if (orig_point != rl_point) rl_kill_text (orig_point, rl_point); rl_point = orig_point; } return 0; } /* Kill backwards to the start of the line. If DIRECTION is negative, kill forwards to the line end instead. */ rl_backward_kill_line (direction, ignore) int direction, ignore; { int orig_point = rl_point; if (direction < 0) return (rl_kill_line (1)); else { if (!rl_point) ding (); else { rl_beg_of_line (); rl_kill_text (orig_point, rl_point); } } return 0; } /* Kill the whole line, no matter where point is. */ rl_kill_full_line (count, ignore) int count, ignore; { rl_begin_undo_group (); rl_point = 0; rl_kill_text (rl_point, rl_end); rl_end_undo_group (); return 0; } /* Yank back the last killed text. This ignores arguments. */ rl_yank (count, ignore) int count, ignore; { if (!rl_kill_ring) { rl_abort (); return -1; } rl_set_mark (rl_point); rl_insert_text (rl_kill_ring[rl_kill_index]); return 0; } /* If the last command was yank, or yank_pop, and the text just before point is identical to the current kill item, then delete that text from the line, rotate the index down, and yank back some other text. */ rl_yank_pop (count, key) int count, key; { int l; if (((rl_last_func != rl_yank_pop) && (rl_last_func != rl_yank)) || !rl_kill_ring) { rl_abort (); return -1; } l = strlen (rl_kill_ring[rl_kill_index]); if (((rl_point - l) >= 0) && (strncmp (the_line + (rl_point - l), rl_kill_ring[rl_kill_index], l) == 0)) { rl_delete_text ((rl_point - l), rl_point); rl_point -= l; rl_kill_index--; if (rl_kill_index < 0) rl_kill_index = rl_kill_ring_length - 1; rl_yank (1, 0); return 0; } else { rl_abort (); return -1; } } /* Yank the COUNTth argument from the previous history line. */ rl_yank_nth_arg (count, ignore) int count, ignore; { register HIST_ENTRY *entry = previous_history (); char *arg; if (entry) next_history (); else { ding (); return -1; } arg = history_arg_extract (count, count, entry->line); if (!arg || !*arg) { ding (); return -1; } rl_begin_undo_group (); #if defined (VI_MODE) /* Vi mode always inserts a space before yanking the argument, and it inserts it right *after* rl_point. */ if (rl_editing_mode == vi_mode) { rl_vi_append_mode (); rl_insert_text (" "); } #endif /* VI_MODE */ rl_insert_text (arg); free (arg); rl_end_undo_group (); return 0; } /* Yank the last argument from the previous history line. This `knows' how rl_yank_nth_arg treats a count of `$'. With an argument, this behaves the same as rl_yank_nth_arg. */ int rl_yank_last_arg (count, key) int count, key; { if (rl_explicit_arg) return (rl_yank_nth_arg (count, key)); else return (rl_yank_nth_arg ('$', key)); } /* How to toggle back and forth between editing modes. */ rl_vi_editing_mode (count, key) int count, key; { #if defined (VI_MODE) rl_editing_mode = vi_mode; rl_vi_insertion_mode (); return 0; #endif /* VI_MODE */ } rl_emacs_editing_mode (count, key) int count, key; { rl_editing_mode = emacs_mode; _rl_keymap = emacs_standard_keymap; return 0; } /* **************************************************************** */ /* */ /* USG (System V) Support */ /* */ /* **************************************************************** */ int rl_getc (stream) FILE *stream; { int result; unsigned char c; #if defined (__GO32__) if (isatty (0)) return (getkey () & 0x7F); #endif /* __GO32__ */ while (1) { result = read (fileno (stream), &c, sizeof (unsigned char)); if (result == sizeof (unsigned char)) return (c); /* If zero characters are returned, then the file that we are reading from is empty! Return EOF in that case. */ if (result == 0) return (EOF); #if defined (EWOULDBLOCK) if (errno == EWOULDBLOCK) { int flags; if ((flags = fcntl (fileno (stream), F_GETFL, 0)) < 0) return (EOF); if (flags & O_NDELAY) { flags &= ~O_NDELAY; fcntl (fileno (stream), F_SETFL, flags); continue; } continue; } #endif /* EWOULDBLOCK */ #if defined (_POSIX_VERSION) && defined (EAGAIN) && defined (O_NONBLOCK) if (errno == EAGAIN) { int flags; if ((flags = fcntl (fileno (stream), F_GETFL, 0)) < 0) return (EOF); if (flags & O_NONBLOCK) { flags &= ~O_NONBLOCK; fcntl (fileno (stream), F_SETFL, flags); continue; } } #endif /* _POSIX_VERSION && EAGAIN && O_NONBLOCK */ #if !defined (__GO32__) /* If the error that we received was SIGINT, then try again, this is simply an interrupted system call to read (). Otherwise, some error ocurred, also signifying EOF. */ if (errno != EINTR) return (EOF); #endif /* !__GO32__ */ } } #if !defined (SHELL) #ifdef savestring #undef savestring #endif /* Backwards compatibilty, now that savestring has been removed from all `public' readline header files. */ char * savestring (s) char *s; { return ((char *)strcpy (xmalloc (1 + (int)strlen (s)), (s))); } #endif /* Function equivalents for the macros defined in chartypes.h. */ #undef uppercase_p int uppercase_p (c) int c; { return (isupper (c)); } #undef lowercase_p int lowercase_p (c) int c; { return (islower (c)); } #undef pure_alphabetic int pure_alphabetic (c) int c; { return (isupper (c) || islower (c)); } #undef digit_p int digit_p (c) int c; { return (isdigit (c)); } #undef to_lower int to_lower (c) int c; { return (isupper (c) ? tolower (c) : c); } #undef to_upper int to_upper (c) int c; { return (islower (c) ? toupper (c) : c); } #undef digit_value int digit_value (c) int c; { return (isdigit (c) ? c - '0' : c); } #if defined (STATIC_MALLOC) /* **************************************************************** */ /* */ /* xmalloc and xrealloc () */ /* */ /* **************************************************************** */ static void memory_error_and_abort (); static char * xmalloc (bytes) int bytes; { char *temp = (char *)malloc (bytes); if (!temp) memory_error_and_abort (); return (temp); } static char * xrealloc (pointer, bytes) char *pointer; int bytes; { char *temp; if (!pointer) temp = (char *)malloc (bytes); else temp = (char *)realloc (pointer, bytes); if (!temp) memory_error_and_abort (); return (temp); } static void memory_error_and_abort () { fprintf (stderr, "readline: Out of virtual memory!\n"); abort (); } #endif /* STATIC_MALLOC */ /* **************************************************************** */ /* */ /* Testing Readline */ /* */ /* **************************************************************** */ #if defined (TEST) main () { HIST_ENTRY **history_list (); char *temp = (char *)NULL; char *prompt = "readline% "; int done = 0; while (!done) { temp = readline (prompt); /* Test for EOF. */ if (!temp) exit (1); /* If there is anything on the line, print it and remember it. */ if (*temp) { fprintf (stderr, "%s\r\n", temp); add_history (temp); } /* Check for `command' that we handle. */ if (strcmp (temp, "quit") == 0) done = 1; if (strcmp (temp, "list") == 0) { HIST_ENTRY **list = history_list (); register int i; if (list) { for (i = 0; list[i]; i++) { fprintf (stderr, "%d: %s\r\n", i, list[i]->line); free (list[i]->line); } free (list); } } free (temp); } } #endif /* TEST */ /* * Local variables: * compile-command: "gcc -g -traditional -I. -I.. -DTEST -o readline readline.c keymaps.o funmap.o history.o -ltermcap" * end: */ bash-1.14.3/lib/readline/readline.h 644 436 0 27306 5615262614 15175 0ustar chetwheel/* Readline.h -- the names of functions callable from within readline. */ /* Copyright (C) 1987, 1989, 1992 Free Software Foundation, Inc. This file is part of the GNU Readline Library, a library for reading lines of text with interactive input and history editing. The GNU Readline Library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 1, or (at your option) any later version. The GNU Readline Library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details. The GNU General Public License is often shipped with GNU software, and is generally kept in a file called COPYING or LICENSE. If you do not have a copy of the license, write to the Free Software Foundation, 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. */ #if !defined (_READLINE_H_) #define _READLINE_H_ #if defined (READLINE_LIBRARY) # include "keymaps.h" # include "tilde.h" #else # include # include #endif /* The functions for manipulating the text of the line within readline. Most of these functions are bound to keys by default. */ extern int rl_tilde_expand (), rl_beg_of_line (), rl_backward (), rl_delete (), rl_end_of_line (), rl_forward (), ding (), rl_backward (), rl_newline (), rl_kill_line (), rl_clear_screen (), rl_get_next_history (), rl_get_previous_history (), rl_quoted_insert (), rl_reverse_search_history (), rl_transpose_chars (), rl_unix_line_discard (), rl_quoted_insert (), rl_unix_word_rubout (), rl_yank (), rl_rubout (), rl_backward_word (), rl_kill_word (), rl_forward_word (), rl_tab_insert (), rl_yank_pop (), rl_yank_nth_arg (), rl_backward_kill_word (), rl_backward_kill_line (), rl_transpose_words (), rl_complete (), rl_possible_completions (), rl_insert_completions (), rl_do_lowercase_version (), rl_kill_full_line (), rl_digit_argument (), rl_universal_argument (), rl_abort (), rl_undo_command (), rl_revert_line (), rl_beginning_of_history (), rl_end_of_history (), rl_forward_search_history (), rl_insert (), rl_upcase_word (), rl_downcase_word (), rl_capitalize_word (), rl_restart_output (), rl_re_read_init_file (), rl_dump_functions (), rl_delete_horizontal_space (), rl_history_search_forward (), rl_history_search_backward (), rl_tty_status (), rl_yank_last_arg (); /* `Public' utility functions. */ extern int rl_insert_text (), rl_delete_text (), rl_kill_text (); extern int rl_complete_internal (); extern int rl_expand_prompt (); extern int rl_initialize (); extern int rl_set_signals (), rl_clear_signals (); extern int rl_init_argument (), rl_digit_argument (); extern int rl_read_key (), rl_getc (), rl_stuff_char (); extern int maybe_save_line (), maybe_unsave_line (), maybe_replace_line (); extern int rl_modifying (); extern int rl_begin_undo_group (), rl_end_undo_group (); extern void rl_add_undo (), free_undo_list (); extern int rl_do_undo (); /* Not available unless readline is compiled -DPAREN_MATCHING. */ extern int rl_insert_close (); /* These are *both* defined even when VI_MODE is not. */ extern int rl_vi_editing_mode (), rl_emacs_editing_mode (); /* Non incremental history searching. */ extern int rl_noninc_forward_search (), rl_noninc_reverse_search (), rl_noninc_forward_search_again (), rl_noninc_reverse_search_again (); /* Things for vi mode. Not available unless readline is compiled -DVI_MODE. */ extern int rl_vi_check (), rl_vi_textmod_command (); extern int rl_vi_redo (), rl_vi_tilde_expand (), rl_vi_movement_mode (), rl_vi_insertion_mode (), rl_vi_arg_digit (), rl_vi_prev_word (), rl_vi_next_word (), rl_vi_char_search (), rl_vi_eof_maybe (), rl_vi_append_mode (), rl_vi_put (), rl_vi_append_eol (), rl_vi_insert_beg (), rl_vi_delete (), rl_vi_comment (), rl_vi_first_print (), rl_vi_fword (), rl_vi_fWord (), rl_vi_bword (), rl_vi_bWord (), rl_vi_eword (), rl_vi_eWord (), rl_vi_end_word (), rl_vi_change_case (), rl_vi_match (), rl_vi_bracktype (), rl_vi_change_char (), rl_vi_yank_arg (), rl_vi_search (), rl_vi_search_again (), rl_vi_subst (), rl_vi_overstrike (), rl_vi_overstrike_delete (), rl_vi_replace(), rl_vi_column (), rl_vi_delete_to (), rl_vi_change_to (), rl_vi_yank_to (), rl_vi_complete (), rl_vi_fetch_history (); /* Keyboard macro commands. */ extern int rl_start_kbd_macro (), rl_end_kbd_macro (); extern int rl_call_last_kbd_macro (); extern int rl_arrow_keys(), rl_refresh_line (); /* Maintaining the state of undo. We remember individual deletes and inserts on a chain of things to do. */ /* The actions that undo knows how to undo. Notice that UNDO_DELETE means to insert some text, and UNDO_INSERT means to delete some text. I.e., the code tells undo what to undo, not how to undo it. */ enum undo_code { UNDO_DELETE, UNDO_INSERT, UNDO_BEGIN, UNDO_END }; /* What an element of THE_UNDO_LIST looks like. */ typedef struct undo_list { struct undo_list *next; int start, end; /* Where the change took place. */ char *text; /* The text to insert, if undoing a delete. */ enum undo_code what; /* Delete, Insert, Begin, End. */ } UNDO_LIST; /* The current undo list for RL_LINE_BUFFER. */ extern UNDO_LIST *rl_undo_list; /* The data structure for mapping textual names to code addresses. */ typedef struct { char *name; Function *function; } FUNMAP; extern FUNMAP **funmap; /* **************************************************************** */ /* */ /* Well Published Variables */ /* */ /* **************************************************************** */ /* The name of the calling program. You should initialize this to whatever was in argv[0]. It is used when parsing conditionals. */ extern char *rl_readline_name; /* The line buffer that is in use. */ extern char *rl_line_buffer; /* The location of point, and end. */ extern int rl_point, rl_end; /* The name of the terminal to use. */ extern char *rl_terminal_name; /* The input and output streams. */ extern FILE *rl_instream, *rl_outstream; /* The basic list of characters that signal a break between words for the completer routine. The initial contents of this variable is what breaks words in the shell, i.e. "n\"\\'`@$>". */ extern char *rl_basic_word_break_characters; /* The list of characters that signal a break between words for rl_complete_internal. The default list is the contents of rl_basic_word_break_characters. */ extern char *rl_completer_word_break_characters; /* List of characters which can be used to quote a substring of the line. Completion occurs on the entire substring, and within the substring rl_completer_word_break_characters are treated as any other character, unless they also appear within this list. */ extern char *rl_completer_quote_characters; /* List of characters that are word break characters, but should be left in TEXT when it is passed to the completion function. The shell uses this to help determine what kind of completing to do. */ extern char *rl_special_prefixes; /* Pointer to the generator function for completion_matches (). NULL means to use filename_entry_function (), the default filename completer. */ extern Function *rl_completion_entry_function; /* If rl_ignore_some_completions_function is non-NULL it is the address of a function to call after all of the possible matches have been generated, but before the actual completion is done to the input line. The function is called with one argument; a NULL terminated array of (char *). If your function removes any of the elements, they must be free()'ed. */ extern Function *rl_ignore_some_completions_function; /* Pointer to alternative function to create matches. Function is called with TEXT, START, and END. START and END are indices in RL_LINE_BUFFER saying what the boundaries of TEXT are. If this function exists and returns NULL then call the value of rl_completion_entry_function to try to match, otherwise use the array of strings returned. */ extern CPPFunction *rl_attempted_completion_function; /* If non-zero, then this is the address of a function to call just before readline_internal () prints the first prompt. */ extern Function *rl_startup_hook; /* If non-zero, then this is the address of a function to call when completing on a directory name. The function is called with the address of a string (the current directory name) as an arg. */ extern Function *rl_directory_completion_hook; /* Backwards compatibility with previous versions of readline. */ #define rl_symbolic_link_hook rl_directory_completion_hook /* The address of a function to call periodically while Readline is awaiting character input, or NULL, for no event handling. */ extern Function *rl_event_hook; /* Non-zero means that modified history lines are preceded with an asterisk. */ extern int rl_show_star; /* Non-zero means that the results of the matches are to be treated as filenames. This is ALWAYS zero on entry, and can only be changed within a completion entry finder function. */ extern int rl_filename_completion_desired; /* Non-zero means that the results of the matches are to be quoted using double quotes (or an application-specific quoting mechanism) if the filename contains any characters in rl_word_break_chars. This is ALWAYS non-zero on entry, and can only be changed within a completion entry finder function. */ extern int rl_filename_quoting_desired; /* Non-zero means to suppress normal filename completion after the user-specified completion function has been called. */ extern int rl_attempted_completion_over; /* **************************************************************** */ /* */ /* Well Published Functions */ /* */ /* **************************************************************** */ /* Read a line of input. Prompt with PROMPT. A NULL PROMPT means none. */ extern char *readline (); /* These functions are from complete.c. */ /* Return an array of strings which are the result of repeatadly calling FUNC with TEXT. */ extern char **completion_matches (); extern char *username_completion_function (); extern char *filename_completion_function (); /* These functions are from bind.c. */ /* rl_add_defun (char *name, Function *function, int key) Add NAME to the list of named functions. Make FUNCTION be the function that gets called. If KEY is not -1, then bind it. */ extern int rl_add_defun (); extern int rl_bind_key (), rl_bind_key_in_map (); extern int rl_unbind_key (), rl_unbind_key_in_map (); extern int rl_set_key (); extern int rl_macro_bind (), rl_generic_bind (), rl_variable_bind (); extern int rl_translate_keyseq (); extern Function *rl_named_function (), *rl_function_of_keyseq (); extern int rl_parse_and_bind (); extern Keymap rl_get_keymap (), rl_get_keymap_by_name (); extern void rl_set_keymap (); extern char **rl_invoking_keyseqs (), **rl_invoking_keyseqs_in_map (); extern void rl_function_dumper (); extern int rl_read_init_file (); /* Functions in funmap.c */ extern void rl_list_funmap_names (); extern void rl_initialize_funmap (); /* Functions in display.c */ extern void rl_redisplay (); extern int rl_message (), rl_clear_message (); extern int rl_reset_line_state (); extern int rl_character_len (); extern int rl_show_char (); extern int crlf (), rl_on_new_line (); extern int rl_forced_update_display (); /* Definitions available for use by readline clients. */ #define RL_PROMPT_START_IGNORE '\001' #define RL_PROMPT_END_IGNORE '\002' #if !defined (savestring) extern char *savestring (); /* XXX backwards compatibility */ #endif #endif /* _READLINE_H_ */ bash-1.14.3/lib/readline/ChangeLog 644 436 0 33555 5354425340 15013 0ustar chetwheelTue Mar 23 14:36:51 1993 Brian Fox (bfox@eos.crseo.ucsb.edu) * readline.c (rl_copy): Changed name to rl_copy_text. Mon Mar 22 19:16:05 1993 Brian Fox (bfox@eos.crseo.ucsb.edu) * dispose_cmd.c, several other files. Declare dispose_xxx () as "void". * builtins/hashcom.h: Make declarations of hashed_filenames be "extern" to keep the SGI compiler happy. * readline.c (rl_initialize_everything): Assign values to out_stream and in_stream immediately, since output_character_function () can be called before readline_internal () is called. Tue Dec 8 09:30:56 1992 Brian Fox (bfox@cubit) * readline.c (rl_init_terminal) Set PC from BC, not from *buffer. Mon Nov 30 09:35:47 1992 Brian Fox (bfox@cubit) * readline.c (invoking_keyseqs_in_map, rl_parse_and_bind) Allow backslash to quote characters, such as backslash, double quote, and space. Backslash quotes all character indiscriminately. * funmap.c (vi_keymap) Fix type in "vi-replace" declaration. Fri Nov 20 10:55:05 1992 Brian Fox (bfox@cubit) * readline.c (init_terminal_io, rl_prep_terminal): FINALLY! Declare and use termcap variable `ospeed' when setting up terminal parameters. Thu Oct 8 08:53:07 1992 Brian J. Fox (bfox@helios) * Makefile, this directory: Include (as links to the canonical sources), tilde.c, tilde.h, posixstat.h and xmalloc.c. Tue Sep 29 13:07:21 1992 Brian J. Fox (bfox@helios) * readline.c (init_terminal_io) Don't set arrow keys if the key sequences that represent them are already set. * readline.c (rl_function_of_keyseq) New function returns the first function (or macro) found while searching a key sequence. Mon Sep 28 00:34:04 1992 Brian J. Fox (bfox@helios) * readline.c (LibraryVersion) New static char * contains current version number. Version is at 2.0. * readline.c (rl_complete_internal): Incorporated clean changes from gilmore (gnu@cygnus.com) to support quoted substrings within completion functions. * readline.c (many locations) Added support for the _GO32_, whatever that is. Patches supplied by Cygnus, typed in by hand, with cleanups. Sun Aug 16 12:46:24 1992 Brian Fox (bfox@cubit) * readline.c (init_terminal_io): Find out the values of the keypad arrows and bind them to appropriate RL functions if present. Mon Aug 10 18:13:24 1992 Brian Fox (bfox@cubit) * history.c (stifle_history): A negative argument to stifle becomes zero. Tue Jul 28 09:28:41 1992 Brian Fox (bfox@cubit) * readline.c (rl_variable_bind): New local structure describes booleans by name and address; code in rl_variable_bind () looks at structure to set simple variables. * parens.c (rl_insert_close): New variable rl_blink_matching_paren is non-zero if we want to blink the matching open when a close is inserted. If FD_SET is defined, rl_blink_matching_paren defaults to 1, else 0. If FD_SET is not defined, and rl_blink_matching_paren is non-zero, the close character(s) are/is simply inserted. Wed Jul 22 20:03:59 1992 Brian Fox (bfox@cubit) * history.c, readline.c, vi_mode.c: Cause the functions strchr () and strrchr () to be used instead of index () and rindex () throughout the source. Mon Jul 13 11:34:07 1992 Brian Fox (bfox@cubit) * readline.c: (rl_variable_bind) New variable "meta-flag" if "on" means force the use of the 8th bit as Meta bit. Internal variable is called meta_flag. Thu Jul 9 10:37:56 1992 Brian Fox (bfox@cubit) * history.c (get_history_event) Change INDEX to LOCAL_INDEX. If compiling for the shell, allow shell metacharacters to separate history tokens as they would for shell tokens. Sat Jul 4 19:29:12 1992 Brian Fox (bfox@cubit) * vi_keymap.c: According to Posix, TAB self-inserts instead of doing completion. * vi_mode.c: (rl_vi_yank_arg) Enter VI insert mode after yanking an arg from the previous line. * search.c: New file takes over vi style searching and implements non-incremental searching the history. Makefile: Add search.c and search.o. funmap.c: Add names for non-incremental-forward-search-history and non-incremental-reverse-search-history. readline.h: Add extern definitions for non-incremental searching. vi_mode.c: Remove old search code; add calls to code in search.c. Fri Jul 3 10:36:33 1992 Brian Fox (bfox@cubit) * readline.c (rl_delete_horizontal_space); New function deletes all whitespace surrounding point. funmap.c: Add "delete-horizontal-space". emacs_keymap.c: Put rl_delete_horizontal_space () on M-\. * readline.c (rl_set_signals, rl_clear_signals); New function rl_set_sighandler () is either defined in a Posix way (if HAVE_POSIX_SIGNALS is defined) or in a BSD way. Function is called from rl_set_signals () and rl_clear_signals (). Fri May 8 12:50:15 1992 Brian Fox (bfox@cubit) * readline.c: (readline_default_bindings) Do comparisons with _POSIX_VDISABLE casted to `unsigned char'. Change tty characters to be unsigned char. Thu Apr 30 12:36:35 1992 Brian Fox (bfox@cubit) * readline.c: (rl_getc) Handle "read would block" error on non-blocking IO streams. * readline.c: (rl_signal_handler): Unblock only the signal that we have caught, not all signals. Sun Feb 23 03:33:09 1992 Brian Fox (bfox at gnuwest.fsf.org) * readline.c: Many functions. Use only the macros META_CHAR and UNMETA to deal with meta characters. Prior to this, we used numeric values and tests. * readline.c (rl_complete_internal) Report exactly the number of possible completions, not the number + 1. * vi_mode.c (rl_do_move) Do not change the cursor position when using `cw' or `cW'. * vi_mode.c (rl_vi_complete) Enter insert mode after completing with `*' or `\'. Fri Feb 21 05:58:18 1992 Brian Fox (bfox at gnuwest.fsf.org) * readline.c (rl_dispatch) Increment rl_key_sequence_length for meta characters that map onto ESC map. Mon Feb 10 01:41:35 1992 Brian Fox (bfox at gnuwest.fsf.org) * history.c (history_do_write) Build a buffer of all of the lines to write and write them in one fell swoop (lower overhead than calling write () for each line). Suggested by Peter Ho. * readline.c: Include hbullx20 as well as hpux for determining USGr3ness. * readline.c (rl_unix_word_rubout) As per the "Now REMEMBER" comment, pass arguments to rl_kill_text () in the correct order to preserve prepending and appending of killed text. * readline.c (rl_search_history) malloc (), realloc (), and free () SEARCH_STRING so that there are no static limits on searching. * vi_mode.c (rl_vi_subst) Don't forget to end the undo group. Fri Jan 31 14:51:02 1992 Brian Fox (bfox at gnuwest.fsf.org) * readline.c (rl_signal_handler): Zero the current history entry's pointer after freeing the undo_list when SIGINT received. Reformat a couple of functions. Sat Jan 25 13:47:35 1992 Brian Fox (bfox at bears) * readline.c (parser_if): free () TNAME after use. Tue Jan 21 01:01:35 1992 Brian Fox (bfox at gnuwest.fsf.org) * readline.c (rl_redisplay) and (rl_character_len): Display Control characters as "^c" and Meta characters as "\234", instead of "C-C" and "M-C". Sun Dec 29 10:59:00 1991 Brian Fox (bfox at gnuwest.fsf.org) * readline.c (init_terminal_io) Default to environment variables LINES and COLUMNS before termcap entry values. If all else fails, then assume 80x24 terminal. Sat Dec 28 16:33:11 1991 Brian Fox (bfox at gnuwest.fsf.org) * readline.c: If this machine is USG and it is hpux, then define USGr3. * history.c: Cosmetic fixes. Thu Nov 21 00:10:12 1991 Brian Fox (bfox at gnuwest.fsf.org) * vi_mode.c: (rl_do_move) Place cursor at end of line, never at next to last character. Thu Nov 14 05:08:01 1991 Brian Fox (bfox at gnuwest.fsf.org) * history.c (get_history_event) Non-anchored searches can have a return index of greater than zero from get_history_event (). Fri Nov 1 07:02:13 1991 Brian Fox (bfox at gnuwest.fsf.org) * readline.c (rl_translate_keyseq) Make C-? translate to RUBOUT unconditionally. Mon Oct 28 11:34:52 1991 Brian Fox (bfox at gnuwest.fsf.org) * readline.c; Use Posix directory routines and macros. * funmap.c; Add entry for call-last-kbd-macro. * readline.c (rl_prep_term); Use system EOF character on POSIX systems also. Thu Oct 3 16:19:53 1991 Brian Fox (bfox at gnuwest.fsf.org) * readline.c; Make a distinction between having a TERMIOS tty driver, and having POSIX signal handling. You might one without the other. New defines used HAVE_POSIX_SIGNALS, and TERMIOS_TTY_DRIVER. Tue Jul 30 22:37:26 1991 Brian Fox (bfox at gnuwest.fsf.org) * readline.c: rl_getc () If a call to read () returns without an error, but with zero characters, the file is empty, so return EOF. Thu Jul 11 20:58:38 1991 Brian Fox (bfox at gnuwest.fsf.org) * readline.c: (rl_get_next_history, rl_get_previous_history) Reallocate the buffer space if the line being moved to is longer the the current space allocated. Amazing that no one has found this bug until now. Sun Jul 7 02:37:05 1991 Brian Fox (bfox at gnuwest.fsf.org) * readline.c:(rl_parse_and_bind) Allow leading whitespace. Make sure TERMIO and TERMIOS systems treat CR and NL disctinctly. Tue Jun 25 04:09:27 1991 Brian Fox (bfox at gnuwest.fsf.org) * readline.c: Rework parsing conditionals to pay attention to the prior states of the conditional stack. This makes $if statements work correctly. Mon Jun 24 20:45:59 1991 Brian Fox (bfox at gnuwest.fsf.org) * readline.c: support for displaying key binding information includes the functions rl_list_funmap_names (), invoking_keyseqs_in_map (), rl_invoking_keyseqs (), rl_dump_functions (), and rl_function_dumper (). funmap.c: support for same includes rl_funmap_names (). readline.c, funmap.c: no longer define STATIC_MALLOC. However, update both version of xrealloc () to handle a null pointer. Thu Apr 25 12:03:49 1991 Brian Fox (bfox at gnuwest.fsf.org) * vi_mode.c (rl_vi_fword, fWord, etc. All functions use the macro `isident()'. Fixed movement bug which prevents continious movement through the text. Fri Jul 27 16:47:01 1990 Brian Fox (bfox at gnuwest.fsf.org) * readline.c (parser_if) Allow "$if term=foo" construct. Wed May 23 16:10:33 1990 Brian Fox (bfox at gnuwest.fsf.org) * readline.c (rl_dispatch) Correctly remember the last command executed. Fixed typo in username_completion_function (). Mon Apr 9 19:55:48 1990 Brian Fox (bfox at gnuwest.fsf.org) * readline.c: username_completion_function (); For text passed in with a leading `~', remember that this could be a filename (after it is completed). Thu Apr 5 13:44:24 1990 Brian Fox (bfox at gnuwest.fsf.org) * readline.c: rl_search_history (): Correctly handle case of an unfound search string, but a graceful exit (as with ESC). * readline.c: rl_restart_output (); The Apollo passes the address of the file descriptor to TIOCSTART, not the descriptor itself. Tue Mar 20 05:38:55 1990 Brian Fox (bfox at gnuwest.fsf.org) * readline.c: rl_complete (); second call in a row causes possible completions to be listed. * readline.c: rl_redisplay (), added prompt_this_line variable which is the first character character following \n in prompt. Sun Mar 11 04:32:03 1990 Brian Fox (bfox at gnuwest.fsf.org) * Signals are now supposedly handled inside of SYSV compilation. Wed Jan 17 19:24:09 1990 Brian Fox (bfox at sbphy.ucsb.edu) * history.c: history_expand (); fixed overwriting memory error, added needed argument to call to get_history_event (). Thu Jan 11 10:54:04 1990 Brian Fox (bfox at sbphy.ucsb.edu) * readline.c: added mark_modified_lines to control the display of an asterisk on modified history lines. Also added a user variable called mark-modified-lines to the `set' command. Thu Jan 4 10:38:05 1990 Brian Fox (bfox at sbphy.ucsb.edu) * readline.c: start_insert (). Only use IC if we don't have an im capability. Fri Sep 8 09:00:45 1989 Brian Fox (bfox at aurel) * readline.c: rl_prep_terminal (). Only turn on 8th bit as meta-bit iff the terminal is not using parity. Sun Sep 3 08:57:40 1989 Brian Fox (bfox at aurel) * readline.c: start_insert (). Uses multiple insertion call in cases where that makes sense. rl_insert (). Read type-ahead buffer for additional keys that are bound to rl_insert, and insert them all at once. Make insertion of single keys given with an argument much more efficient. Tue Aug 8 18:13:57 1989 Brian Fox (bfox at aurel) * readline.c: Changed handling of EOF. readline () returns (char *)EOF or consed string. The EOF character is read from the tty, or if the tty doesn't have one, defaults to C-d. * readline.c: Added support for event driven programs. rl_event_hook is the address of a function you want called while Readline is waiting for input. * readline.c: Cleanup time. Functions without type declarations do not use return with a value. * history.c: history_expand () has new variable which is the characters to ignore immediately following history_expansion_char. Sun Jul 16 08:14:00 1989 Brian Fox (bfox at aurel) * rl_prep_terminal () BSD version turns off C-s, C-q, C-y, C-v. * readline.c -- rl_prep_terminal () SYSV version hacks readline_echoing_p. BSD version turns on passing of the 8th bit for the duration of reading the line. Tue Jul 11 06:25:01 1989 Brian Fox (bfox at aurel) * readline.c: new variable rl_tilde_expander. If non-null, this contains the address of a function to call if the standard meaning for expanding a tilde fails. The function is called with the text sans tilde (as in "foo"), and returns a malloc()'ed string which is the expansion, or a NULL pointer if there is no expansion. * readline.h - new file chardefs.h Separates things that only readline.c needs from the standard header file publishing interesting things about readline. * readline.c: readline_default_bindings () now looks at terminal chararacters and binds those as well. Wed Jun 28 20:20:51 1989 Brian Fox (bfox at aurel) * Made readline and history into independent libraries. bash-1.14.3/lib/readline/vi_mode.c 644 436 0 66322 5670714521 15030 0ustar chetwheel/* vi_mode.c -- A vi emulation mode for Bash. Derived from code written by Jeff Sparkes (jsparkes@bnr.ca). */ /* Copyright (C) 1987, 1989, 1992 Free Software Foundation, Inc. This file is part of the GNU Readline Library, a library for reading lines of text with interactive input and history editing. The GNU Readline Library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 1, or (at your option) any later version. The GNU Readline Library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details. The GNU General Public License is often shipped with GNU software, and is generally kept in a file called COPYING or LICENSE. If you do not have a copy of the license, write to the Free Software Foundation, 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. */ #define READLINE_LIBRARY /* **************************************************************** */ /* */ /* VI Emulation Mode */ /* */ /* **************************************************************** */ #include "rlconf.h" #if defined (VI_MODE) #include #if defined (HAVE_STDLIB_H) # include #else # include "ansi_stdlib.h" #endif /* HAVE_STDLIB_H */ #if defined (HAVE_UNISTD_H) # include #endif #include /* Some standard library routines. */ #include "rldefs.h" #include "readline.h" #include "history.h" #ifndef digit_p #define digit_p(c) ((c) >= '0' && (c) <= '9') #endif #ifndef digit_value #define digit_value(c) ((c) - '0') #endif #ifndef member #define member(c, s) ((c) ? (char *)strchr ((s), (c)) != (char *)NULL : 0) #endif #ifndef isident #define isident(c) ((pure_alphabetic (c) || digit_p (c) || c == '_')) #endif #ifndef exchange #define exchange(x, y) do {int temp = x; x = y; y = temp;} while (0) #endif #ifndef VI_COMMENT_BEGIN_DEFAULT #define VI_COMMENT_BEGIN_DEFAULT "#" #endif #if defined (STATIC_MALLOC) static char *xmalloc (), *xrealloc (); #else extern char *xmalloc (), *xrealloc (); #endif /* STATIC_MALLOC */ /* Variables imported from readline.c */ extern int rl_point, rl_end, rl_mark, rl_done; extern FILE *rl_instream; extern int rl_line_buffer_len, rl_explicit_arg, rl_numeric_arg; extern Keymap _rl_keymap; extern char *rl_prompt; extern char *rl_line_buffer; extern int rl_arg_sign; extern void _rl_dispatch (); extern void rl_extend_line_buffer (); extern int rl_vi_check (); /* Non-zero means enter insertion mode. */ static int _rl_vi_doing_insert = 0; /* String inserted into the line by rl_vi_comment (). */ char *rl_vi_comment_begin = (char *)NULL; /* *** UNCLEAN *** */ /* Command keys which do movement for xxx_to commands. */ static char *vi_motion = " hl^$0ftFt;,%wbeWBE|"; /* Keymap used for vi replace characters. Created dynamically since rarely used. */ static Keymap vi_replace_map = (Keymap)NULL; /* The number of characters inserted in the last replace operation. */ static int vi_replace_count = 0; /* If non-zero, we have text inserted after a c[motion] command that put us implicitly into insert mode. Some people want this text to be attached to the command so that it is `redoable' with `.'. */ static int vi_continued_command = 0; static int _rl_vi_last_command = 'i'; /* default `.' puts you in insert mode */ static int _rl_vi_last_repeat = 1; static int _rl_vi_last_arg_sign = 1; static int _rl_vi_last_motion = 0; static int _rl_vi_last_search_char = 0; static int _rl_vi_last_replacement = 0; static int vi_redoing = 0; /* Text modification commands. These are the `redoable' commands. */ static char *vi_textmod = "_*\\AaIiCcDdPpYyRrSsXx~"; static int rl_digit_loop1 (); void _rl_vi_reset_last () { _rl_vi_last_command = 'i'; _rl_vi_last_repeat = 1; _rl_vi_last_arg_sign = 1; _rl_vi_last_motion = 0; } void _rl_vi_set_last (key, repeat, sign) int key, repeat, sign; { _rl_vi_last_command = key; _rl_vi_last_repeat = repeat; _rl_vi_last_arg_sign = sign; } /* Is the command C a VI mode text modification command? */ int rl_vi_textmod_command (c) int c; { return (member (c, vi_textmod)); } /* Bound to `.'. Called from command mode, so we know that we have to redo a text modification command. The default for _rl_vi_last_command puts you back into insert mode. */ rl_vi_redo (count, c) int count, c; { if (!rl_explicit_arg) { rl_numeric_arg = _rl_vi_last_repeat; rl_arg_sign = _rl_vi_last_arg_sign; } vi_redoing = 1; _rl_dispatch (_rl_vi_last_command, _rl_keymap); vi_redoing = 0; return (0); } /* Yank the nth arg from the previous line into this line at point. */ rl_vi_yank_arg (count, key) int count, key; { /* Readline thinks that the first word on a line is the 0th, while vi thinks the first word on a line is the 1st. Compensate. */ if (rl_explicit_arg) rl_yank_nth_arg (count - 1, 0); else rl_yank_nth_arg ('$', 0); return (0); } /* With an argument, move back that many history lines, else move to the beginning of history. */ rl_vi_fetch_history (count, c) int count, c; { int current = where_history (); /* Giving an argument of n means we want the nth command in the history file. The command number is interpreted the same way that the bash `history' command does it -- that is, giving an argument count of 450 to this command would get the command listed as number 450 in the output of `history'. */ if (rl_explicit_arg) { int wanted = history_base + current - count; if (wanted <= 0) rl_beginning_of_history (0, 0); else rl_get_previous_history (wanted); } else rl_beginning_of_history (count, 0); return (0); } /* Search again for the last thing searched for. */ rl_vi_search_again (count, key) int count, key; { switch (key) { case 'n': rl_noninc_reverse_search_again (count, key); break; case 'N': rl_noninc_forward_search_again (count, key); break; } return (0); } /* Do a vi style search. */ rl_vi_search (count, key) int count, key; { switch (key) { case '?': rl_noninc_forward_search (count, key); break; case '/': rl_noninc_reverse_search (count, key); break; default: ding (); break; } return (0); } /* Completion, from vi's point of view. */ rl_vi_complete (ignore, key) int ignore, key; { if ((rl_point < rl_end) && (!whitespace (rl_line_buffer[rl_point]))) { if (!whitespace (rl_line_buffer[rl_point + 1])) rl_vi_end_word (1, 'E'); rl_point++; } if (key == '*') rl_complete_internal ('*'); /* Expansion and replacement. */ else if (key == '=') rl_complete_internal ('?'); /* List possible completions. */ else if (key == '\\') rl_complete_internal (TAB); /* Standard Readline completion. */ else rl_complete (0, key); if (key == '*' || key == '\\') { _rl_vi_set_last (key, 1, rl_arg_sign); rl_vi_insertion_mode (); } return (0); } /* Tilde expansion for vi mode. */ rl_vi_tilde_expand (ignore, key) int ignore, key; { rl_tilde_expand (0, key); _rl_vi_set_last (key, 1, rl_arg_sign); /* XXX */ rl_vi_insertion_mode (); return (0); } /* Previous word in vi mode. */ rl_vi_prev_word (count, key) int count, key; { if (count < 0) return (rl_vi_next_word (-count, key)); if (rl_point == 0) { ding (); return (0); } if (uppercase_p (key)) rl_vi_bWord (count); else rl_vi_bword (count); return (0); } /* Next word in vi mode. */ rl_vi_next_word (count, key) int count, key; { if (count < 0) return (rl_vi_prev_word (-count, key)); if (rl_point >= (rl_end - 1)) { ding (); return (0); } if (uppercase_p (key)) rl_vi_fWord (count); else rl_vi_fword (count); return (0); } /* Move to the end of the ?next? word. */ rl_vi_end_word (count, key) int count, key; { if (count < 0) { ding (); return -1; } if (uppercase_p (key)) rl_vi_eWord (count); else rl_vi_eword (count); return (0); } /* Move forward a word the way that 'W' does. */ rl_vi_fWord (count) int count; { while (count-- && rl_point < (rl_end - 1)) { /* Skip until whitespace. */ while (!whitespace (rl_line_buffer[rl_point]) && rl_point < rl_end) rl_point++; /* Now skip whitespace. */ while (whitespace (rl_line_buffer[rl_point]) && rl_point < rl_end) rl_point++; } return (0); } rl_vi_bWord (count) int count; { while (count-- && rl_point > 0) { /* If we are at the start of a word, move back to whitespace so we will go back to the start of the previous word. */ if (!whitespace (rl_line_buffer[rl_point]) && whitespace (rl_line_buffer[rl_point - 1])) rl_point--; while (rl_point > 0 && whitespace (rl_line_buffer[rl_point])) rl_point--; if (rl_point > 0) { while (--rl_point >= 0 && !whitespace (rl_line_buffer[rl_point])); rl_point++; } } return (0); } rl_vi_eWord (count) int count; { while (count-- && rl_point < (rl_end - 1)) { if (!whitespace (rl_line_buffer[rl_point])) rl_point++; /* Move to the next non-whitespace character (to the start of the next word). */ while (++rl_point < rl_end && whitespace (rl_line_buffer[rl_point])); if (rl_point && rl_point < rl_end) { /* Skip whitespace. */ while (rl_point < rl_end && whitespace (rl_line_buffer[rl_point])) rl_point++; /* Skip until whitespace. */ while (rl_point < rl_end && !whitespace (rl_line_buffer[rl_point])) rl_point++; /* Move back to the last character of the word. */ rl_point--; } } return (0); } rl_vi_fword (count) int count; { while (count-- && rl_point < (rl_end - 1)) { /* Move to white space (really non-identifer). */ if (isident (rl_line_buffer[rl_point])) { while (isident (rl_line_buffer[rl_point]) && rl_point < rl_end) rl_point++; } else /* if (!whitespace (rl_line_buffer[rl_point])) */ { while (!isident (rl_line_buffer[rl_point]) && !whitespace (rl_line_buffer[rl_point]) && rl_point < rl_end) rl_point++; } /* Move past whitespace. */ while (whitespace (rl_line_buffer[rl_point]) && rl_point < rl_end) rl_point++; } return (0); } rl_vi_bword (count) int count; { while (count-- && rl_point > 0) { int last_is_ident; /* If we are at the start of a word, move back to whitespace so we will go back to the start of the previous word. */ if (!whitespace (rl_line_buffer[rl_point]) && whitespace (rl_line_buffer[rl_point - 1])) rl_point--; /* If this character and the previous character are `opposite', move back so we don't get messed up by the rl_point++ down there in the while loop. Without this code, words like `l;' screw up the function. */ last_is_ident = isident (rl_line_buffer[rl_point - 1]); if ((isident (rl_line_buffer[rl_point]) && !last_is_ident) || (!isident (rl_line_buffer[rl_point]) && last_is_ident)) rl_point--; while (rl_point > 0 && whitespace (rl_line_buffer[rl_point])) rl_point--; if (rl_point > 0) { if (isident (rl_line_buffer[rl_point])) while (--rl_point >= 0 && isident (rl_line_buffer[rl_point])); else while (--rl_point >= 0 && !isident (rl_line_buffer[rl_point]) && !whitespace (rl_line_buffer[rl_point])); rl_point++; } } return (0); } rl_vi_eword (count) int count; { while (count-- && rl_point < rl_end - 1) { if (!whitespace (rl_line_buffer[rl_point])) rl_point++; while (rl_point < rl_end && whitespace (rl_line_buffer[rl_point])) rl_point++; if (rl_point < rl_end) { if (isident (rl_line_buffer[rl_point])) while (++rl_point < rl_end && isident (rl_line_buffer[rl_point])); else while (++rl_point < rl_end && !isident (rl_line_buffer[rl_point]) && !whitespace (rl_line_buffer[rl_point])); } rl_point--; } return (0); } rl_vi_insert_beg (count, key) int count, key; { rl_beg_of_line (); rl_vi_insertion_mode (); return (0); } rl_vi_append_mode (count, key) int count, key; { if (rl_point < rl_end) rl_point++; rl_vi_insertion_mode (); return (0); } rl_vi_append_eol (count, key) int count, key; { rl_end_of_line (); rl_vi_append_mode (); return (0); } /* What to do in the case of C-d. */ rl_vi_eof_maybe (count, c) int count, c; { return (rl_newline (1, '\n')); } /* Insertion mode stuff. */ /* Switching from one mode to the other really just involves switching keymaps. */ rl_vi_insertion_mode (count, key) int count, key; { _rl_keymap = vi_insertion_keymap; return (0); } void _rl_vi_done_inserting () { if (_rl_vi_doing_insert) { rl_end_undo_group (); /* Now, the text between rl_undo_list->next->start and rl_undo_list->next->end is what was inserted while in insert mode. */ _rl_vi_doing_insert = 0; vi_continued_command = 1; } else vi_continued_command = 0; } rl_vi_movement_mode (count, key) int count, key; { if (rl_point > 0) rl_backward (1); #if 0 _rl_vi_reset_last (); #endif _rl_keymap = vi_movement_keymap; _rl_vi_done_inserting (); return (0); } rl_vi_arg_digit (count, c) int count, c; { if (c == '0' && rl_numeric_arg == 1 && !rl_explicit_arg) return (rl_beg_of_line ()); else return (rl_digit_argument (count, c)); } rl_vi_change_case (count, ignore) int count, ignore; { char c = 0; /* Don't try this on an empty line. */ if (rl_point >= rl_end) return (0); while (count-- && rl_point < rl_end) { if (uppercase_p (rl_line_buffer[rl_point])) c = to_lower (rl_line_buffer[rl_point]); else if (lowercase_p (rl_line_buffer[rl_point])) c = to_upper (rl_line_buffer[rl_point]); else { /* Just skip over characters neither upper nor lower case. */ rl_forward (1); continue; } /* Vi is kind of strange here. */ if (c) { rl_begin_undo_group (); rl_delete (1, c); rl_insert (1, c); rl_end_undo_group (); rl_vi_check (); } else rl_forward (1); } return (0); } rl_vi_put (count, key) int count, key; { if (!uppercase_p (key) && (rl_point + 1 <= rl_end)) rl_point++; rl_yank (); rl_backward (1); return (0); } rl_vi_check () { if (rl_point && rl_point == rl_end) rl_point--; return (0); } rl_vi_column (count, key) int count, key; { if (count > rl_end) rl_end_of_line (); else rl_point = count - 1; return (0); } int rl_vi_domove (key, nextkey) int key, *nextkey; { int c, save; int old_end; rl_mark = rl_point; c = rl_read_key (); *nextkey = c; if (!member (c, vi_motion)) { if (digit_p (c)) { save = rl_numeric_arg; rl_numeric_arg = digit_value (c); rl_digit_loop1 (); rl_numeric_arg *= save; c = rl_read_key (); /* real command */ *nextkey = c; } else if (key == c && (key == 'd' || key == 'y' || key == 'c')) { rl_mark = rl_end; rl_beg_of_line (); _rl_vi_last_motion = c; return (0); } else return (-1); } _rl_vi_last_motion = c; /* Append a blank character temporarily so that the motion routines work right at the end of the line. */ old_end = rl_end; rl_line_buffer[rl_end++] = ' '; rl_line_buffer[rl_end] = '\0'; _rl_dispatch (c, _rl_keymap); /* Remove the blank that we added. */ rl_end = old_end; rl_line_buffer[rl_end] = '\0'; if (rl_point > rl_end) rl_point = rl_end; /* No change in position means the command failed. */ if (rl_mark == rl_point) return (-1); /* rl_vi_f[wW]ord () leaves the cursor on the first character of the next word. If we are not at the end of the line, and we are on a non-whitespace character, move back one (presumably to whitespace). */ if ((to_upper (c) == 'W') && rl_point < rl_end && rl_point > rl_mark && !whitespace (rl_line_buffer[rl_point])) rl_point--; /* If cw or cW, back up to the end of a word, so the behaviour of ce or cE is the actual result. Brute-force, no subtlety. */ if (key == 'c' && rl_point >= rl_mark && (to_upper (c) == 'W')) { /* Don't move farther back than where we started. */ while (rl_point > rl_mark && whitespace (rl_line_buffer[rl_point])) rl_point--; /* Posix.2 says that if cw or cW moves the cursor towards the end of the line, the character under the cursor should be deleted. */ if (rl_point == rl_mark) rl_point++; else { /* Move past the end of the word so that the kill doesn't remove the last letter of the previous word. Only do this if we are not at the end of the line. */ if (rl_point >= 0 && rl_point < (rl_end - 1) && !whitespace (rl_line_buffer[rl_point])) rl_point++; } } if (rl_mark < rl_point) exchange (rl_point, rl_mark); return (0); } /* A simplified loop for vi. Don't dispatch key at end. Don't recognize minus sign? */ static int rl_digit_loop1 () { int key, c; while (1) { rl_message ("(arg: %d) ", rl_arg_sign * rl_numeric_arg, 0); key = c = rl_read_key (); if (_rl_keymap[c].type == ISFUNC && _rl_keymap[c].function == rl_universal_argument) { rl_numeric_arg *= 4; continue; } c = UNMETA (c); if (digit_p (c)) { if (rl_explicit_arg) rl_numeric_arg = (rl_numeric_arg * 10) + digit_value (c); else rl_numeric_arg = digit_value (c); rl_explicit_arg = 1; } else { rl_clear_message (); rl_stuff_char (key); break; } } return (0); } rl_vi_delete_to (count, key) int count, key; { int c; if (uppercase_p (key)) rl_stuff_char ('$'); else if (vi_redoing) rl_stuff_char (_rl_vi_last_motion); if (rl_vi_domove (key, &c)) { ding (); return -1; } /* These are the motion commands that do not require adjusting the mark. */ if ((strchr (" l|h^0bB", c) == 0) && (rl_mark < rl_end)) rl_mark++; rl_kill_text (rl_point, rl_mark); return (0); } rl_vi_change_to (count, key) int count, key; { int c, start_pos; if (uppercase_p (key)) rl_stuff_char ('$'); else if (vi_redoing) rl_stuff_char (_rl_vi_last_motion); start_pos = rl_point; if (rl_vi_domove (key, &c)) { ding (); return -1; } /* These are the motion commands that do not require adjusting the mark. c[wW] are handled by special-case code in rl_vi_domove(), and already leave the mark at the correct location. */ if ((strchr (" l|hwW^0bB", c) == 0) && (rl_mark < rl_end)) rl_mark++; /* The cursor never moves with c[wW]. */ if ((to_upper (c) == 'W') && rl_point < start_pos) rl_point = start_pos; rl_kill_text (rl_point, rl_mark); rl_begin_undo_group (); _rl_vi_doing_insert = 1; _rl_vi_set_last (key, count, rl_arg_sign); rl_vi_insertion_mode (); return (0); } rl_vi_yank_to (count, key) int count, key; { int c, save = rl_point; if (uppercase_p (key)) rl_stuff_char ('$'); if (rl_vi_domove (key, &c)) { ding (); return -1; } /* These are the motion commands that do not require adjusting the mark. */ if ((strchr (" l|h^0%bB", c) == 0) && (rl_mark < rl_end)) rl_mark++; rl_begin_undo_group (); rl_kill_text (rl_point, rl_mark); rl_end_undo_group (); rl_do_undo (); rl_point = save; return (0); } rl_vi_delete (count, key) int count, key; { int end; if (rl_end == 0) { ding (); return -1; } end = rl_point + count; if (end >= rl_end) end = rl_end; rl_kill_text (rl_point, end); if (rl_point > 0 && rl_point == rl_end) rl_backward (1); return (0); } /* Turn the current line into a comment in shell history. A K*rn shell style function. */ rl_vi_comment (count, key) int count, key; { rl_beg_of_line (); if (rl_vi_comment_begin != (char *)NULL) rl_insert_text (rl_vi_comment_begin); else rl_insert_text (VI_COMMENT_BEGIN_DEFAULT); /* Default. */ rl_redisplay (); rl_newline (1, '\n'); return (0); } rl_vi_first_print (count, key) int count, key; { return (rl_back_to_indent ()); } rl_back_to_indent (ignore1, ignore2) int ignore1, ignore2; { rl_beg_of_line (); while (rl_point < rl_end && whitespace (rl_line_buffer[rl_point])) rl_point++; return (0); } /* NOTE: it is necessary that opposite directions are inverses */ #define FTO 1 /* forward to */ #define BTO -1 /* backward to */ #define FFIND 2 /* forward find */ #define BFIND -2 /* backward find */ rl_vi_char_search (count, key) int count, key; { static char target; static int orig_dir, dir; int pos; if (key == ';' || key == ',') dir = (key == ';' ? orig_dir : -orig_dir); else { if (vi_redoing) target = _rl_vi_last_search_char; else _rl_vi_last_search_char = target = rl_getc (rl_instream); switch (key) { case 't': orig_dir = dir = FTO; break; case 'T': orig_dir = dir = BTO; break; case 'f': orig_dir = dir = FFIND; break; case 'F': orig_dir = dir = BFIND; break; } } pos = rl_point; while (count--) { if (dir < 0) { if (pos == 0) { ding (); return -1; } pos--; do { if (rl_line_buffer[pos] == target) { if (dir == BTO) rl_point = pos + 1; else rl_point = pos; break; } } while (pos--); if (pos < 0) { ding (); return -1; } } else { /* dir > 0 */ if (pos >= rl_end) { ding (); return -1; } pos++; do { if (rl_line_buffer[pos] == target) { if (dir == FTO) rl_point = pos - 1; else rl_point = pos; break; } } while (++pos < rl_end); if (pos >= (rl_end - 1)) { ding (); return -1; } } } return (0); } /* Match brackets */ rl_vi_match (ignore, key) int ignore, key; { int count = 1, brack, pos; pos = rl_point; if ((brack = rl_vi_bracktype (rl_line_buffer[rl_point])) == 0) { while ((brack = rl_vi_bracktype (rl_line_buffer[rl_point])) == 0 && rl_point < rl_end - 1) rl_forward (1); if (brack <= 0) { rl_point = pos; ding (); return -1; } } pos = rl_point; if (brack < 0) { while (count) { if (--pos >= 0) { int b = rl_vi_bracktype (rl_line_buffer[pos]); if (b == -brack) count--; else if (b == brack) count++; } else { ding (); return -1; } } } else { /* brack > 0 */ while (count) { if (++pos < rl_end) { int b = rl_vi_bracktype (rl_line_buffer[pos]); if (b == -brack) count--; else if (b == brack) count++; } else { ding (); return -1; } } } rl_point = pos; return (0); } int rl_vi_bracktype (c) int c; { switch (c) { case '(': return 1; case ')': return -1; case '[': return 2; case ']': return -2; case '{': return 3; case '}': return -3; default: return 0; } } rl_vi_change_char (count, key) int count, key; { int c; if (vi_redoing) c = _rl_vi_last_replacement; else _rl_vi_last_replacement = c = rl_getc (rl_instream); if (c == '\033' || c == CTRL ('C')) return -1; while (count-- && rl_point < rl_end) { rl_begin_undo_group (); rl_delete (1, c); rl_insert (1, c); if (count == 0) rl_backward (1); rl_end_undo_group (); } return (0); } rl_vi_subst (count, key) int count, key; { rl_begin_undo_group (); if (uppercase_p (key)) { rl_beg_of_line (); rl_kill_line (1); } else rl_delete_text (rl_point, rl_point+count); rl_end_undo_group (); _rl_vi_set_last (key, count, rl_arg_sign); rl_begin_undo_group (); _rl_vi_doing_insert = 1; rl_vi_insertion_mode (); return (0); } rl_vi_overstrike (count, key) int count, key; { int i; if (_rl_vi_doing_insert == 0) { _rl_vi_doing_insert = 1; rl_begin_undo_group (); } for (i = 0; i < count; i++) { vi_replace_count++; rl_begin_undo_group (); if (rl_point < rl_end) { rl_delete (1, key); rl_insert (1, key); } else rl_insert (1, key); rl_end_undo_group (); } return (0); } rl_vi_overstrike_delete (count) int count; { int i, s; for (i = 0; i < count; i++) { if (vi_replace_count == 0) { ding (); break; } s = rl_point; if (rl_do_undo ()) vi_replace_count--; if (rl_point == s) rl_backward (1); } if (vi_replace_count == 0 && _rl_vi_doing_insert) { rl_end_undo_group (); rl_do_undo (); _rl_vi_doing_insert = 0; } return (0); } rl_vi_replace (count, key) int count, key; { int i; vi_replace_count = 0; if (!vi_replace_map) { vi_replace_map = rl_make_bare_keymap (); for (i = ' '; i < KEYMAP_SIZE; i++) vi_replace_map[i].function = rl_vi_overstrike; vi_replace_map[RUBOUT].function = rl_vi_overstrike_delete; vi_replace_map[ESC].function = rl_vi_movement_mode; vi_replace_map[RETURN].function = rl_newline; vi_replace_map[NEWLINE].function = rl_newline; /* If the normal vi insertion keymap has ^H bound to erase, do the same here. Probably should remove the assignment to RUBOUT up there, but I don't think it will make a difference in real life. */ if (vi_insertion_keymap[CTRL ('H')].type == ISFUNC && vi_insertion_keymap[CTRL ('H')].function == rl_rubout) vi_replace_map[CTRL ('H')].function = rl_vi_overstrike_delete; } _rl_keymap = vi_replace_map; return (0); } #if 0 /* Try to complete the word we are standing on or the word that ends with the previous character. A space matches everything. Word delimiters are space and ;. */ rl_vi_possible_completions() { int save_pos = rl_point; if (rl_line_buffer[rl_point] != ' ' && rl_line_buffer[rl_point] != ';') { while (rl_point < rl_end && rl_line_buffer[rl_point] != ' ' && rl_line_buffer[rl_point] != ';') rl_point++; } else if (rl_line_buffer[rl_point - 1] == ';') { ding (); return (0); } rl_possible_completions (); rl_point = save_pos; return (0); } #endif #if defined (STATIC_MALLOC) /* **************************************************************** */ /* */ /* xmalloc and xrealloc () */ /* */ /* **************************************************************** */ static void memory_error_and_abort (); static char * xmalloc (bytes) int bytes; { char *temp = (char *)malloc (bytes); if (!temp) memory_error_and_abort (); return (temp); } static char * xrealloc (pointer, bytes) char *pointer; int bytes; { char *temp; if (!pointer) temp = (char *)xmalloc (bytes); else temp = (char *)realloc (pointer, bytes); if (!temp) memory_error_and_abort (); return (temp); } static void memory_error_and_abort () { fprintf (stderr, "readline: Out of virtual memory!\n"); abort (); } #endif /* STATIC_MALLOC */ #endif /* VI_MODE */ bash-1.14.3/lib/readline/history.h 664 436 0 15067 5621046176 15116 0ustar chetwheel/* History.h -- the names of functions that you can call in history. */ /* The structure used to store a history entry. */ typedef struct _hist_entry { char *line; char *data; } HIST_ENTRY; /* A structure used to pass the current state of the history stuff around. */ typedef struct _hist_state { HIST_ENTRY **entries; /* Pointer to the entries themselves. */ int offset; /* The location pointer within this array. */ int length; /* Number of elements within this array. */ int size; /* Number of slots allocated to this array. */ int flags; } HISTORY_STATE; /* Flag values for the `flags' member of HISTORY_STATE. */ #define HS_STIFLED 0x01 /* Initialization and state management. */ /* Begin a session in which the history functions might be used. This just initializes the interactive variables. */ extern void using_history (); /* Return the current HISTORY_STATE of the history. */ extern HISTORY_STATE *history_get_history_state (); /* Set the state of the current history array to STATE. */ extern void history_set_history_state (); /* Manage the history list. */ /* Place STRING at the end of the history list. The associated data field (if any) is set to NULL. */ extern void add_history (); /* A reasonably useless function, only here for completeness. WHICH is the magic number that tells us which element to delete. The elements are numbered from 0. */ extern HIST_ENTRY *remove_history (); /* Make the history entry at WHICH have LINE and DATA. This returns the old entry so you can dispose of the data. In the case of an invalid WHICH, a NULL pointer is returned. */ extern HIST_ENTRY *replace_history_entry (); /* Stifle the history list, remembering only MAX number of entries. */ extern void stifle_history (); /* Stop stifling the history. This returns the previous amount the history was stifled by. The value is positive if the history was stifled, negative if it wasn't. */ extern int unstifle_history (); /* Return 1 if the history is stifled, 0 if it is not. */ extern int history_is_stifled (); /* Information about the history list. */ /* Return a NULL terminated array of HIST_ENTRY which is the current input history. Element 0 of this list is the beginning of time. If there is no history, return NULL. */ extern HIST_ENTRY **history_list (); /* Returns the number which says what history element we are now looking at. */ extern int where_history (); /* Return the history entry at the current position, as determined by history_offset. If there is no entry there, return a NULL pointer. */ HIST_ENTRY *current_history (); /* Return the history entry which is logically at OFFSET in the history array. OFFSET is relative to history_base. */ extern HIST_ENTRY *history_get (); /* Return the number of bytes that the primary history entries are using. This just adds up the lengths of the_history->lines. */ extern int history_total_bytes (); /* Moving around the history list. */ /* Set the position in the history list to POS. */ int history_set_pos (); /* Back up history_offset to the previous history entry, and return a pointer to that entry. If there is no previous entry, return a NULL pointer. */ extern HIST_ENTRY *previous_history (); /* Move history_offset forward to the next item in the input_history, and return the a pointer to that entry. If there is no next entry, return a NULL pointer. */ extern HIST_ENTRY *next_history (); /* Searching the history list. */ /* Search the history for STRING, starting at history_offset. If DIRECTION < 0, then the search is through previous entries, else through subsequent. If the string is found, then current_history () is the history entry, and the value of this function is the offset in the line of that history entry that the string was found in. Otherwise, nothing is changed, and a -1 is returned. */ extern int history_search (); /* Search the history for STRING, starting at history_offset. The search is anchored: matching lines must begin with string. */ extern int history_search_prefix (); /* Search for STRING in the history list, starting at POS, an absolute index into the list. DIR, if negative, says to search backwards from POS, else forwards. Returns the absolute index of the history element where STRING was found, or -1 otherwise. */ extern int history_search_pos (); /* Managing the history file. */ /* Add the contents of FILENAME to the history list, a line at a time. If FILENAME is NULL, then read from ~/.history. Returns 0 if successful, or errno if not. */ extern int read_history (); /* Read a range of lines from FILENAME, adding them to the history list. Start reading at the FROM'th line and end at the TO'th. If FROM is zero, start at the beginning. If TO is less than FROM, read until the end of the file. If FILENAME is NULL, then read from ~/.history. Returns 0 if successful, or errno if not. */ extern int read_history_range (); /* Write the current history to FILENAME. If FILENAME is NULL, then write the history list to ~/.history. Values returned are as in read_history (). */ extern int write_history (); /* Append NELEMENT entries to FILENAME. The entries appended are from the end of the list minus NELEMENTs up to the end of the list. */ int append_history (); /* Truncate the history file, leaving only the last NLINES lines. */ extern int history_truncate_file (); /* History expansion. */ /* Expand the string STRING, placing the result into OUTPUT, a pointer to a string. Returns: 0) If no expansions took place (or, if the only change in the text was the de-slashifying of the history expansion character) 1) If expansions did take place -1) If there was an error in expansion. 2) If the returned line should just be printed. If an error ocurred in expansion, then OUTPUT contains a descriptive error message. */ extern int history_expand (); /* Extract a string segment consisting of the FIRST through LAST arguments present in STRING. Arguments are broken up as in the shell. */ extern char *history_arg_extract (); /* Return the text of the history event beginning at the current offset into STRING. */ extern char *get_history_event (); /* Return an array of tokens, much as the shell might. The tokens are parsed out of STRING. */ extern char **history_tokenize (); /* Exported history variables. */ extern int history_base; extern int history_length; extern int max_input_history; extern char history_expansion_char; extern char history_subst_char; extern char history_comment_char; extern char *history_no_expand_chars; bash-1.14.3/lib/readline/Makefile 644 436 0 10006 5613305205 14656 0ustar chetwheel## -*- text -*- #################################################### # # # Makefile for the GNU Readline and History Libraries. # # # #################################################################### srcdir = . VPATH = .:$(srcdir) INSTALL = install -c INSTALL_PROGRAM = ${INSTALL} INSTALL_DATA = ${INSTALL} -m 644 RANLIB = ranlib AR = ar RM = rm CP = cp MV = mv # See the file STANDALONE for the -D defines that readline understands DEFS = # For libraries which include headers from other libraries. LOCAL_INCLUDES = -I. -I.. CPPFLAGS = $(DEFS) $(LOCAL_INCLUDES) # Here is a rule for making .o files from .c files that doesn't force # the type of the machine (like -sun3) into the flags. .c.o: $(CC) -c $(CPPFLAGS) $(CFLAGS) $< # The name of the main library target. LIBRARY_NAME = libreadline.a # The C code source files for this library. CSOURCES = $(srcdir)readline.c $(srcdir)funmap.c $(srcdir)keymaps.c \ $(srcdir)vi_mode.c $(srcdir)parens.c $(srcdir)rltty.c \ $(srcdir)complete.c $(srcdir)bind.c $(srcdir)isearch.c \ $(srcdir)display.c $(srcdir)signals.c $(srcdir)emacs_keymap.c \ $(srcdir)vi_keymap.c $(srcdir)history.c $(srcdir)tilde.c \ $(srcdir)xmalloc.c # The header files for this library. HSOURCES = readline.h rldefs.h chardefs.h keymaps.h history.h \ posixstat.h tilde.h rlconf.h OBJECTS = readline.o vi_mode.o funmap.o keymaps.o parens.o search.o \ rltty.o complete.o bind.o isearch.o display.o signals.o \ history.o tilde.o xmalloc.o # The texinfo files which document this library. DOCSOURCE = doc/rlman.texinfo doc/rltech.texinfo doc/rluser.texinfo DOCOBJECT = doc/readline.dvi DOCSUPPORT = doc/Makefile DOCUMENTATION = $(DOCSOURCE) $(DOCOBJECT) $(DOCSUPPORT) SUPPORT = Makefile ChangeLog $(DOCSUPPORT) examples/[-a-z.]* SOURCES = $(CSOURCES) $(HSOURCES) $(DOCSOURCE) THINGS_TO_TAR = $(SOURCES) $(SUPPORT) ########################################################################## all: libreadline.a libhistory.a libreadline.a: $(OBJECTS) $(RM) -f $@ $(AR) cq $@ $(OBJECTS) -if [ -f "$(RANLIB)" ]; then $(RANLIB) $@; fi libhistory.a: history.o $(RM) -f $@ $(AR) cq $@ history.o -if [ -f "$(RANLIB)" ]; then $(RANLIB) $@; fi documentation: force [ ! -d doc ] && mkdir doc (if [ -d doc ]; then cd doc; $(MAKE) $(MFLAGS); fi) force: # The rule for 'includes' is written funny so that the if statement # always returns TRUE unless there really was an error installing the # include files. install: installdirs libreadline.a ${INSTALL_DATA} readline.h keymaps.h chardefs.h history.h \ $(incdir)/readline -${MV} $(libdir)/libreadline.a $(libdir)/libreadline.old ${INSTALL_DATA} libreadline.a $(bindir)/libreadline.a [ -f "$(RANLIB)" ] && $(RANLIB) -t $(bindir)/libreadline.a installdirs: [ ! -d $(incdir)/readline ] && { \ mkdir $(incdir)/readline && chmod chmod 755 $(incdir)/readline; } uninstall: cd $(incdir)/readline && ${RM} -f ${INSTALLED_HEADERS} cd $(libdir) && ${RM} -f libreadline.a libreadline.old clean: rm -f $(OBJECTS) *.a (if [ -d doc ]; then cd doc; $(MAKE) $(MFLAGS) $@; fi) tags: force etags $(CSOURCES) $(HSOURCES) TAGS: force ctags -x $(CSOURCES) $(HSOURCES) > $@ readline: readline.h rldefs.h chardefs.h readline: $(OBJECTS) $(CC) $(CFLAGS) $(CPPFLAGS) $(READLINE_DEFINES) \ $(LOCAL_INCLUDES) -DTEST -o readline readline.c vi_mode.o funmap.o \ keymaps.o -ltermcap realclean distclean mostlyclean: clean # Dependencies readline.o: readline.c readline.h rldefs.h rlconf.h chardefs.h readline.o: keymaps.h history.h vi_mode.o: rldefs.h rlconf.h readline.h history.h funmap.o: funmap.c readline.h rlconf.h keymaps.o: keymaps.c emacs_keymap.c vi_keymap.c keymaps.h chardefs.h rlconf.h history.o: history.h memalloc.h isearch.o: memalloc.h readline.h history.h search.o: memalloc.h readline.h history.h display.o: readline.h history.h rldefs.h rlconf.h complete.o: readline.h rldefs.h rlconf.h rltty.o: rldefs.h rlconf.h readline.h bind.o: rldefs.h rlconf.h readline.h history.h signals.o: rldefs.h rlconf.h readline.h history.h parens.o: readline.h bash-1.14.3/lib/readline/chardefs.h 644 436 0 6211 5617726572 15153 0ustar chetwheel/* chardefs.h -- Character definitions for readline. */ /* Copyright (C) 1994 Free Software Foundation, Inc. This file is part of the GNU Readline Library, a library for reading lines of text with interactive input and history editing. The GNU Readline Library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 1, or (at your option) any later version. The GNU Readline Library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details. The GNU General Public License is often shipped with GNU software, and is generally kept in a file called COPYING or LICENSE. If you do not have a copy of the license, write to the Free Software Foundation, 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. */ #ifndef _CHARDEFS_H #define _CHARDEFS_H #include #if defined (HAVE_STRING_H) # include #else # include #endif /* HAVE_STRING_H */ #ifndef whitespace #define whitespace(c) (((c) == ' ') || ((c) == '\t')) #endif #ifdef CTRL #undef CTRL #endif /* Some character stuff. */ #define control_character_threshold 0x020 /* Smaller than this is control. */ #define control_character_mask 0x1f /* 0x20 - 1 */ #define meta_character_threshold 0x07f /* Larger than this is Meta. */ #define control_character_bit 0x40 /* 0x000000, must be off. */ #define meta_character_bit 0x080 /* x0000000, must be on. */ #define largest_char 255 /* Largest character value. */ #define CTRL_CHAR(c) ((c) < control_character_threshold) #define META_CHAR(c) ((c) > meta_character_threshold && (c) <= largest_char) #define CTRL(c) ((c) & control_character_mask) #define META(c) ((c) | meta_character_bit) #define UNMETA(c) ((c) & (~meta_character_bit)) #define UNCTRL(c) to_upper(((c)|control_character_bit)) /* Old versions #define lowercase_p(c) (((c) > ('a' - 1) && (c) < ('z' + 1))) #define uppercase_p(c) (((c) > ('A' - 1) && (c) < ('Z' + 1))) #define digit_p(c) ((c) >= '0' && (c) <= '9') */ #define lowercase_p(c) (islower(c)) #define uppercase_p(c) (isupper(c)) #define digit_p(x) (isdigit (x)) #define pure_alphabetic(c) (lowercase_p(c) || uppercase_p(c)) /* Old versions # define to_upper(c) (lowercase_p(c) ? ((c) - 32) : (c)) # define to_lower(c) (uppercase_p(c) ? ((c) + 32) : (c)) */ #ifndef to_upper # define to_upper(c) (islower(c) ? toupper(c) : (c)) # define to_lower(c) (isupper(c) ? tolower(c) : (c)) #endif #ifndef digit_value #define digit_value(x) ((x) - '0') #endif #ifndef NEWLINE #define NEWLINE '\n' #endif #ifndef RETURN #define RETURN CTRL('M') #endif #ifndef RUBOUT #define RUBOUT 0x7f #endif #ifndef TAB #define TAB '\t' #endif #ifdef ABORT_CHAR #undef ABORT_CHAR #endif #define ABORT_CHAR CTRL('G') #ifdef PAGE #undef PAGE #endif #define PAGE CTRL('L') #ifdef SPACE #undef SPACE #endif #define SPACE ' ' /* XXX - was 0x20 */ #ifdef ESC #undef ESC #endif #define ESC CTRL('[') #endif /* _CHARDEFS_H */ bash-1.14.3/lib/readline/emacs_keymap.c 644 436 0 102453 5615241354 16056 0ustar chetwheel/* emacs_keymap.c -- the keymap for emacs_mode in readline (). */ /* Copyright (C) 1987, 1989, 1992 Free Software Foundation, Inc. This file is part of the GNU Readline Library, a library for reading lines of text with interactive input and history editing. The GNU Readline Library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 1, or (at your option) any later version. The GNU Readline Library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details. The GNU General Public License is often shipped with GNU software, and is generally kept in a file called COPYING or LICENSE. If you do not have a copy of the license, write to the Free Software Foundation, 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. */ #if !defined (BUFSIZ) #include #endif /* !BUFSIZ */ #include "readline.h" /* An array of function pointers, one for each possible key. If the type byte is ISKMAP, then the pointer is the address of a keymap. */ KEYMAP_ENTRY_ARRAY emacs_standard_keymap = { /* Control keys. */ { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, /* Control-@ */ { ISFUNC, rl_beg_of_line }, /* Control-a */ { ISFUNC, rl_backward }, /* Control-b */ { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, /* Control-c */ { ISFUNC, rl_delete }, /* Control-d */ { ISFUNC, rl_end_of_line }, /* Control-e */ { ISFUNC, rl_forward }, /* Control-f */ { ISFUNC, rl_abort }, /* Control-g */ { ISFUNC, rl_rubout }, /* Control-h */ { ISFUNC, rl_complete }, /* Control-i */ { ISFUNC, rl_newline }, /* Control-j */ { ISFUNC, rl_kill_line }, /* Control-k */ { ISFUNC, rl_clear_screen }, /* Control-l */ { ISFUNC, rl_newline }, /* Control-m */ { ISFUNC, rl_get_next_history }, /* Control-n */ { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, /* Control-o */ { ISFUNC, rl_get_previous_history }, /* Control-p */ { ISFUNC, rl_quoted_insert }, /* Control-q */ { ISFUNC, rl_reverse_search_history }, /* Control-r */ { ISFUNC, rl_forward_search_history }, /* Control-s */ { ISFUNC, rl_transpose_chars }, /* Control-t */ { ISFUNC, rl_unix_line_discard }, /* Control-u */ { ISFUNC, rl_quoted_insert }, /* Control-v */ { ISFUNC, rl_unix_word_rubout }, /* Control-w */ { ISKMAP, (Function *)emacs_ctlx_keymap }, /* Control-x */ { ISFUNC, rl_yank }, /* Control-y */ { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, /* Control-z */ { ISKMAP, (Function *)emacs_meta_keymap }, /* Control-[ */ { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, /* Control-\ */ { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, /* Control-] */ { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, /* Control-^ */ { ISFUNC, rl_undo_command }, /* Control-_ */ /* The start of printing characters. */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* SPACE */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* ! */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* " */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* # */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* $ */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* % */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* & */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* ' */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* ( */ #if defined (PAREN_MATCHING) { ISFUNC, rl_insert_close }, /* ) */ #else { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* ) */ #endif /* !PAREN_MATCHING */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* * */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* + */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* , */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* - */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* . */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* / */ /* Regular digits. */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* 0 */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* 1 */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* 2 */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* 3 */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* 4 */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* 5 */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* 6 */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* 7 */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* 8 */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* 9 */ /* A little more punctuation. */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* : */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* ; */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* < */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* = */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* > */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* ? */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* @ */ /* Uppercase alphabet. */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* A */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* B */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* C */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* D */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* E */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* F */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* G */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* H */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* I */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* J */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* K */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* L */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* M */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* N */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* O */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* P */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* Q */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* R */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* S */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* T */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* U */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* V */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* W */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* X */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* Y */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* Z */ /* Some more punctuation. */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* [ */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* \ */ #if defined (PAREN_MATCHING) { ISFUNC, rl_insert_close }, /* ] */ #else { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* ] */ #endif /* !PAREN_MATCHING */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* ^ */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* _ */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* ` */ /* Lowercase alphabet. */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* a */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* b */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* c */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* d */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* e */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* f */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* g */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* h */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* i */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* j */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* k */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* l */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* m */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* n */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* o */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* p */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* q */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* r */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* s */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* t */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* u */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* v */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* w */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* x */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* y */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* z */ /* Final punctuation. */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* { */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* | */ #if defined (PAREN_MATCHING) { ISFUNC, rl_insert_close }, /* } */ #else { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* } */ #endif /* !PAREN_MATCHING */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* ~ */ { ISFUNC, rl_rubout }, /* RUBOUT */ #if KEYMAP_SIZE > 128 /* Pure 8-bit characters (128 - 159). These might be used in some character sets. */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* ? */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* ? */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* ? */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* ? */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* ? */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* ? */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* ? */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* ? */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* ? */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* ? */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* ? */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* ? */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* ? */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* ? */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* ? */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* ? */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* ? */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* ? */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* ? */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* ? */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* ? */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* ? */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* ? */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* ? */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* ? */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* ? */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* ? */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* ? */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* ? */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* ? */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* ? */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* ? */ /* ISO Latin-1 characters (160 - 255) */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* No-break space */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* Inverted exclamation mark */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* Cent sign */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* Pound sign */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* Currency sign */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* Yen sign */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* Broken bar */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* Section sign */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* Diaeresis */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* Copyright sign */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* Feminine ordinal indicator */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* Left pointing double angle quotation mark */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* Not sign */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* Soft hyphen */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* Registered sign */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* Macron */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* Degree sign */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* Plus-minus sign */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* Superscript two */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* Superscript three */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* Acute accent */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* Micro sign */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* Pilcrow sign */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* Middle dot */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* Cedilla */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* Superscript one */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* Masculine ordinal indicator */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* Right pointing double angle quotation mark */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* Vulgar fraction one quarter */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* Vulgar fraction one half */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* Vulgar fraction three quarters */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* Inverted questionk mark */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* Latin capital letter a with grave */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* Latin capital letter a with acute */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* Latin capital letter a with circumflex */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* Latin capital letter a with tilde */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* Latin capital letter a with diaeresis */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* Latin capital letter a with ring above */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* Latin capital letter ae */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* Latin capital letter c with cedilla */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* Latin capital letter e with grave */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* Latin capital letter e with acute */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* Latin capital letter e with circumflex */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* Latin capital letter e with diaeresis */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* Latin capital letter i with grave */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* Latin capital letter i with acute */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* Latin capital letter i with circumflex */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* Latin capital letter i with diaeresis */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* Latin capital letter eth (Icelandic) */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* Latin capital letter n with tilde */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* Latin capital letter o with grave */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* Latin capital letter o with acute */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* Latin capital letter o with circumflex */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* Latin capital letter o with tilde */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* Latin capital letter o with diaeresis */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* Multiplication sign */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* Latin capital letter o with stroke */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* Latin capital letter u with grave */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* Latin capital letter u with acute */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* Latin capital letter u with circumflex */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* Latin capital letter u with diaeresis */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* Latin capital letter Y with acute */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* Latin capital letter thorn (Icelandic) */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* Latin small letter sharp s (German) */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* Latin small letter a with grave */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* Latin small letter a with acute */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* Latin small letter a with circumflex */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* Latin small letter a with tilde */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* Latin small letter a with diaeresis */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* Latin small letter a with ring above */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* Latin small letter ae */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* Latin small letter c with cedilla */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* Latin small letter e with grave */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* Latin small letter e with acute */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* Latin small letter e with circumflex */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* Latin small letter e with diaeresis */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* Latin small letter i with grave */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* Latin small letter i with acute */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* Latin small letter i with circumflex */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* Latin small letter i with diaeresis */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* Latin small letter eth (Icelandic) */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* Latin small letter n with tilde */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* Latin small letter o with grave */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* Latin small letter o with acute */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* Latin small letter o with circumflex */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* Latin small letter o with tilde */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* Latin small letter o with diaeresis */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* Division sign */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* Latin small letter o with stroke */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* Latin small letter u with grave */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* Latin small letter u with acute */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* Latin small letter u with circumflex */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* Latin small letter u with diaeresis */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* Latin small letter y with acute */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* Latin small letter thorn (Icelandic) */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert } /* Latin small letter y with diaeresis */ #endif /* KEYMAP_SIZE > 128 */ }; KEYMAP_ENTRY_ARRAY emacs_meta_keymap = { /* Meta keys. Just like above, but the high bit is set. */ { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, /* Meta-Control-@ */ { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, /* Meta-Control-a */ { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, /* Meta-Control-b */ { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, /* Meta-Control-c */ { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, /* Meta-Control-d */ { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, /* Meta-Control-e */ { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, /* Meta-Control-f */ { ISFUNC, rl_abort }, /* Meta-Control-g */ { ISFUNC, rl_backward_kill_word }, /* Meta-Control-h */ { ISFUNC, rl_tab_insert }, /* Meta-Control-i */ { ISFUNC, rl_vi_editing_mode }, /* Meta-Control-j */ { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, /* Meta-Control-k */ { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, /* Meta-Control-l */ { ISFUNC, rl_vi_editing_mode }, /* Meta-Control-m */ { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, /* Meta-Control-n */ { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, /* Meta-Control-o */ { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, /* Meta-Control-p */ { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, /* Meta-Control-q */ { ISFUNC, rl_revert_line }, /* Meta-Control-r */ { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, /* Meta-Control-s */ { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, /* Meta-Control-t */ { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, /* Meta-Control-u */ { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, /* Meta-Control-v */ { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, /* Meta-Control-w */ { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, /* Meta-Control-x */ { ISFUNC, rl_yank_nth_arg }, /* Meta-Control-y */ { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, /* Meta-Control-z */ { ISFUNC, rl_complete }, /* Meta-Control-[ */ { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, /* Meta-Control-\ */ { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, /* Meta-Control-] */ { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, /* Meta-Control-^ */ { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, /* Meta-Control-_ */ /* The start of printing characters. */ { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, /* Meta-SPACE */ { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, /* Meta-! */ { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, /* Meta-" */ { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, /* Meta-# */ { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, /* Meta-$ */ { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, /* Meta-% */ { ISFUNC, rl_tilde_expand }, /* Meta-& */ { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, /* Meta-' */ { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, /* Meta-( */ { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, /* Meta-) */ { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, /* Meta-* */ { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, /* Meta-+ */ { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, /* Meta-, */ { ISFUNC, rl_digit_argument }, /* Meta-- */ { ISFUNC, rl_yank_last_arg}, /* Meta-. */ { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, /* Meta-/ */ /* Regular digits. */ { ISFUNC, rl_digit_argument }, /* Meta-0 */ { ISFUNC, rl_digit_argument }, /* Meta-1 */ { ISFUNC, rl_digit_argument }, /* Meta-2 */ { ISFUNC, rl_digit_argument }, /* Meta-3 */ { ISFUNC, rl_digit_argument }, /* Meta-4 */ { ISFUNC, rl_digit_argument }, /* Meta-5 */ { ISFUNC, rl_digit_argument }, /* Meta-6 */ { ISFUNC, rl_digit_argument }, /* Meta-7 */ { ISFUNC, rl_digit_argument }, /* Meta-8 */ { ISFUNC, rl_digit_argument }, /* Meta-9 */ /* A little more punctuation. */ { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, /* Meta-: */ { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, /* Meta-; */ { ISFUNC, rl_beginning_of_history }, /* Meta-< */ { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, /* Meta-= */ { ISFUNC, rl_end_of_history }, /* Meta-> */ { ISFUNC, rl_possible_completions }, /* Meta-? */ { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, /* Meta-@ */ /* Uppercase alphabet. */ { ISFUNC, rl_do_lowercase_version }, /* Meta-A */ { ISFUNC, rl_do_lowercase_version }, /* Meta-B */ { ISFUNC, rl_do_lowercase_version }, /* Meta-C */ { ISFUNC, rl_do_lowercase_version }, /* Meta-D */ { ISFUNC, rl_do_lowercase_version }, /* Meta-E */ { ISFUNC, rl_do_lowercase_version }, /* Meta-F */ { ISFUNC, rl_do_lowercase_version }, /* Meta-G */ { ISFUNC, rl_do_lowercase_version }, /* Meta-H */ { ISFUNC, rl_do_lowercase_version }, /* Meta-I */ { ISFUNC, rl_do_lowercase_version }, /* Meta-J */ { ISFUNC, rl_do_lowercase_version }, /* Meta-K */ { ISFUNC, rl_do_lowercase_version }, /* Meta-L */ { ISFUNC, rl_do_lowercase_version }, /* Meta-M */ { ISFUNC, rl_do_lowercase_version }, /* Meta-N */ { ISFUNC, rl_do_lowercase_version }, /* Meta-O */ { ISFUNC, rl_do_lowercase_version }, /* Meta-P */ { ISFUNC, rl_do_lowercase_version }, /* Meta-Q */ { ISFUNC, rl_do_lowercase_version }, /* Meta-R */ { ISFUNC, rl_do_lowercase_version }, /* Meta-S */ { ISFUNC, rl_do_lowercase_version }, /* Meta-T */ { ISFUNC, rl_do_lowercase_version }, /* Meta-U */ { ISFUNC, rl_do_lowercase_version }, /* Meta-V */ { ISFUNC, rl_do_lowercase_version }, /* Meta-W */ { ISFUNC, rl_do_lowercase_version }, /* Meta-X */ { ISFUNC, rl_do_lowercase_version }, /* Meta-Y */ { ISFUNC, rl_do_lowercase_version }, /* Meta-Z */ /* Some more punctuation. */ { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, /* Meta-[ */ /* was rl_arrow_keys */ { ISFUNC, rl_delete_horizontal_space }, /* Meta-\ */ { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, /* Meta-] */ { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, /* Meta-^ */ { ISFUNC, rl_yank_last_arg }, /* Meta-_ */ { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, /* Meta-` */ /* Lowercase alphabet. */ { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, /* Meta-a */ { ISFUNC, rl_backward_word }, /* Meta-b */ { ISFUNC, rl_capitalize_word }, /* Meta-c */ { ISFUNC, rl_kill_word }, /* Meta-d */ { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, /* Meta-e */ { ISFUNC, rl_forward_word }, /* Meta-f */ { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, /* Meta-g */ { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, /* Meta-h */ { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, /* Meta-i */ { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, /* Meta-j */ { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, /* Meta-k */ { ISFUNC, rl_downcase_word }, /* Meta-l */ { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, /* Meta-m */ { ISFUNC, rl_noninc_forward_search }, /* Meta-n */ { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, /* Meta-o */ /* was rl_arrow_keys */ { ISFUNC, rl_noninc_reverse_search }, /* Meta-p */ { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, /* Meta-q */ { ISFUNC, rl_revert_line }, /* Meta-r */ { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, /* Meta-s */ { ISFUNC, rl_transpose_words }, /* Meta-t */ { ISFUNC, rl_upcase_word }, /* Meta-u */ { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, /* Meta-v */ { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, /* Meta-w */ { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, /* Meta-x */ { ISFUNC, rl_yank_pop }, /* Meta-y */ { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, /* Meta-z */ /* Final punctuation. */ { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, /* Meta-{ */ { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, /* Meta-| */ { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, /* Meta-} */ { ISFUNC, rl_tilde_expand }, /* Meta-~ */ { ISFUNC, rl_backward_kill_word }, /* Meta-rubout */ #if KEYMAP_SIZE > 128 /* Undefined keys. */ { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 } #endif /* KEYMAP_SIZE > 128 */ }; KEYMAP_ENTRY_ARRAY emacs_ctlx_keymap = { /* Control keys. */ { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, /* Control-@ */ { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, /* Control-a */ { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, /* Control-b */ { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, /* Control-c */ { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, /* Control-d */ { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, /* Control-e */ { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, /* Control-f */ { ISFUNC, rl_abort }, /* Control-g */ { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, /* Control-h */ { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, /* Control-i */ { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, /* Control-j */ { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, /* Control-k */ { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, /* Control-l */ { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, /* Control-m */ { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, /* Control-n */ { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, /* Control-o */ { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, /* Control-p */ { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, /* Control-q */ { ISFUNC, rl_re_read_init_file }, /* Control-r */ { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, /* Control-s */ { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, /* Control-t */ { ISFUNC, rl_undo_command }, /* Control-u */ { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, /* Control-v */ { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, /* Control-w */ { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, /* Control-x */ { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, /* Control-y */ { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, /* Control-z */ { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, /* Control-[ */ { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, /* Control-\ */ { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, /* Control-] */ { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, /* Control-^ */ { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, /* Control-_ */ /* The start of printing characters. */ { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, /* SPACE */ { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, /* ! */ { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, /* " */ { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, /* # */ { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, /* $ */ { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, /* % */ { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, /* & */ { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, /* ' */ { ISFUNC, rl_start_kbd_macro }, /* ( */ { ISFUNC, rl_end_kbd_macro }, /* ) */ { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, /* * */ { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, /* + */ { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, /* , */ { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, /* - */ { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, /* . */ { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, /* / */ /* Regular digits. */ { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, /* 0 */ { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, /* 1 */ { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, /* 2 */ { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, /* 3 */ { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, /* 4 */ { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, /* 5 */ { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, /* 6 */ { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, /* 7 */ { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, /* 8 */ { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, /* 9 */ /* A little more punctuation. */ { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, /* : */ { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, /* ; */ { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, /* < */ { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, /* = */ { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, /* > */ { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, /* ? */ { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, /* @ */ /* Uppercase alphabet. */ { ISFUNC, rl_do_lowercase_version }, /* A */ { ISFUNC, rl_do_lowercase_version }, /* B */ { ISFUNC, rl_do_lowercase_version }, /* C */ { ISFUNC, rl_do_lowercase_version }, /* D */ { ISFUNC, rl_do_lowercase_version }, /* E */ { ISFUNC, rl_do_lowercase_version }, /* F */ { ISFUNC, rl_do_lowercase_version }, /* G */ { ISFUNC, rl_do_lowercase_version }, /* H */ { ISFUNC, rl_do_lowercase_version }, /* I */ { ISFUNC, rl_do_lowercase_version }, /* J */ { ISFUNC, rl_do_lowercase_version }, /* K */ { ISFUNC, rl_do_lowercase_version }, /* L */ { ISFUNC, rl_do_lowercase_version }, /* M */ { ISFUNC, rl_do_lowercase_version }, /* N */ { ISFUNC, rl_do_lowercase_version }, /* O */ { ISFUNC, rl_do_lowercase_version }, /* P */ { ISFUNC, rl_do_lowercase_version }, /* Q */ { ISFUNC, rl_do_lowercase_version }, /* R */ { ISFUNC, rl_do_lowercase_version }, /* S */ { ISFUNC, rl_do_lowercase_version }, /* T */ { ISFUNC, rl_do_lowercase_version }, /* U */ { ISFUNC, rl_do_lowercase_version }, /* V */ { ISFUNC, rl_do_lowercase_version }, /* W */ { ISFUNC, rl_do_lowercase_version }, /* X */ { ISFUNC, rl_do_lowercase_version }, /* Y */ { ISFUNC, rl_do_lowercase_version }, /* Z */ /* Some more punctuation. */ { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, /* [ */ { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, /* \ */ { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, /* ] */ { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, /* ^ */ { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, /* _ */ { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, /* ` */ /* Lowercase alphabet. */ { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, /* a */ { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, /* b */ { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, /* c */ { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, /* d */ { ISFUNC, rl_call_last_kbd_macro }, /* e */ { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, /* f */ { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, /* g */ { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, /* h */ { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, /* i */ { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, /* j */ { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, /* k */ { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, /* l */ { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, /* m */ { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, /* n */ { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, /* o */ { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, /* p */ { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, /* q */ { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, /* r */ { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, /* s */ { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, /* t */ { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, /* u */ { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, /* v */ { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, /* w */ { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, /* x */ { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, /* y */ { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, /* z */ /* Final punctuation. */ { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, /* { */ { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, /* | */ { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, /* } */ { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, /* ~ */ { ISFUNC, rl_backward_kill_line }, /* RUBOUT */ #if KEYMAP_SIZE > 128 /* Undefined keys. */ { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 } #endif /* KEYMAP_SIZE > 128 */ }; bash-1.14.3/lib/readline/keymaps.h 644 436 0 6232 5602631360 15030 0ustar chetwheel/* keymaps.h -- Manipulation of readline keymaps. */ /* Copyright (C) 1987, 1989, 1992 Free Software Foundation, Inc. This file is part of the GNU Readline Library, a library for reading lines of text with interactive input and history editing. The GNU Readline Library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 1, or (at your option) any later version. The GNU Readline Library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details. The GNU General Public License is often shipped with GNU software, and is generally kept in a file called COPYING or LICENSE. If you do not have a copy of the license, write to the Free Software Foundation, 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. */ #ifndef _KEYMAPS_H_ #define _KEYMAPS_H_ #if defined (READLINE_LIBRARY) # include "chardefs.h" #else # include #endif #if !defined (__FUNCTION_DEF) # define __FUNCTION_DEF typedef int Function (); typedef void VFunction (); typedef char *CPFunction (); typedef char **CPPFunction (); #endif /* A keymap contains one entry for each key in the ASCII set. Each entry consists of a type and a pointer. POINTER is the address of a function to run, or the address of a keymap to indirect through. TYPE says which kind of thing POINTER is. */ typedef struct _keymap_entry { char type; Function *function; } KEYMAP_ENTRY; /* This must be large enough to hold bindings for all of the characters in a desired character set (e.g, 128 for ASCII, 256 for ISO Latin-x, and so on). */ #define KEYMAP_SIZE 256 /* I wanted to make the above structure contain a union of: union { Function *function; struct _keymap_entry *keymap; } value; but this made it impossible for me to create a static array. Maybe I need C lessons. */ typedef KEYMAP_ENTRY KEYMAP_ENTRY_ARRAY[KEYMAP_SIZE]; typedef KEYMAP_ENTRY *Keymap; /* The values that TYPE can have in a keymap entry. */ #define ISFUNC 0 #define ISKMAP 1 #define ISMACR 2 extern KEYMAP_ENTRY_ARRAY emacs_standard_keymap, emacs_meta_keymap, emacs_ctlx_keymap; extern KEYMAP_ENTRY_ARRAY vi_insertion_keymap, vi_movement_keymap; /* Return a new, empty keymap. Free it with free() when you are done. */ extern Keymap rl_make_bare_keymap (); /* Return a new keymap which is a copy of MAP. */ extern Keymap rl_copy_keymap (); /* Return a new keymap with the printing characters bound to rl_insert, the lowercase Meta characters bound to run their equivalents, and the Meta digits bound to produce numeric arguments. */ extern Keymap rl_make_keymap (); extern void rl_discard_keymap (); /* Return the keymap corresponding to a given name. Names look like `emacs' or `emacs-meta' or `vi-insert'. */ extern Keymap rl_get_keymap_by_name (); /* Return the current keymap. */ extern Keymap rl_get_keymap (); /* Set the current keymap to MAP. */ extern void rl_set_keymap (); #endif /* _KEYMAPS_H_ */ bash-1.14.3/lib/readline/vi_keymap.c 644 436 0 100263 5561736410 15403 0ustar chetwheel/* vi_keymap.c -- the keymap for vi_mode in readline (). */ /* Copyright (C) 1987, 1989, 1992 Free Software Foundation, Inc. This file is part of the GNU Readline Library, a library for reading lines of text with interactive input and history editing. The GNU Readline Library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 1, or (at your option) any later version. The GNU Readline Library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details. The GNU General Public License is often shipped with GNU software, and is generally kept in a file called COPYING or LICENSE. If you do not have a copy of the license, write to the Free Software Foundation, 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. */ #if !defined (BUFSIZ) #include #endif /* !BUFSIZ */ #include "readline.h" #if 0 extern KEYMAP_ENTRY_ARRAY vi_escape_keymap; #endif /* The keymap arrays for handling vi mode. */ KEYMAP_ENTRY_ARRAY vi_movement_keymap = { /* The regular control keys come first. */ { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, /* Control-@ */ { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, /* Control-a */ { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, /* Control-b */ { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, /* Control-c */ { ISFUNC, rl_vi_eof_maybe }, /* Control-d */ { ISFUNC, rl_emacs_editing_mode }, /* Control-e */ { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, /* Control-f */ { ISFUNC, rl_abort }, /* Control-g */ { ISFUNC, rl_backward }, /* Control-h */ { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, /* Control-i */ { ISFUNC, rl_newline }, /* Control-j */ { ISFUNC, rl_kill_line }, /* Control-k */ { ISFUNC, rl_clear_screen }, /* Control-l */ { ISFUNC, rl_newline }, /* Control-m */ { ISFUNC, rl_get_next_history }, /* Control-n */ { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, /* Control-o */ { ISFUNC, rl_get_previous_history }, /* Control-p */ { ISFUNC, rl_quoted_insert }, /* Control-q */ { ISFUNC, rl_reverse_search_history }, /* Control-r */ { ISFUNC, rl_forward_search_history }, /* Control-s */ { ISFUNC, rl_transpose_chars }, /* Control-t */ { ISFUNC, rl_unix_line_discard }, /* Control-u */ { ISFUNC, rl_quoted_insert }, /* Control-v */ { ISFUNC, rl_unix_word_rubout }, /* Control-w */ { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, /* Control-x */ { ISFUNC, rl_yank }, /* Control-y */ { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, /* Control-z */ { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, /* Control-[ */ /* vi_escape_keymap */ { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, /* Control-\ */ { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, /* Control-] */ { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, /* Control-^ */ { ISFUNC, rl_undo_command }, /* Control-_ */ /* The start of printing characters. */ { ISFUNC, rl_forward }, /* SPACE */ { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, /* ! */ { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, /* " */ { ISFUNC, rl_vi_comment }, /* # */ { ISFUNC, rl_end_of_line }, /* $ */ { ISFUNC, rl_vi_match }, /* % */ { ISFUNC, rl_vi_tilde_expand }, /* & */ { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, /* ' */ { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, /* ( */ { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, /* ) */ { ISFUNC, rl_vi_complete }, /* * */ { ISFUNC, rl_get_next_history}, /* + */ { ISFUNC, rl_vi_char_search }, /* , */ { ISFUNC, rl_get_previous_history }, /* - */ { ISFUNC, rl_vi_redo }, /* . */ { ISFUNC, rl_vi_search }, /* / */ /* Regular digits. */ { ISFUNC, rl_beg_of_line }, /* 0 */ { ISFUNC, rl_vi_arg_digit }, /* 1 */ { ISFUNC, rl_vi_arg_digit }, /* 2 */ { ISFUNC, rl_vi_arg_digit }, /* 3 */ { ISFUNC, rl_vi_arg_digit }, /* 4 */ { ISFUNC, rl_vi_arg_digit }, /* 5 */ { ISFUNC, rl_vi_arg_digit }, /* 6 */ { ISFUNC, rl_vi_arg_digit }, /* 7 */ { ISFUNC, rl_vi_arg_digit }, /* 8 */ { ISFUNC, rl_vi_arg_digit }, /* 9 */ /* A little more punctuation. */ { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, /* : */ { ISFUNC, rl_vi_char_search }, /* ; */ { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, /* < */ { ISFUNC, rl_vi_complete }, /* = */ { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, /* > */ { ISFUNC, rl_vi_search }, /* ? */ { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, /* @ */ /* Uppercase alphabet. */ { ISFUNC, rl_vi_append_eol }, /* A */ { ISFUNC, rl_vi_prev_word}, /* B */ { ISFUNC, rl_vi_change_to }, /* C */ { ISFUNC, rl_vi_delete_to }, /* D */ { ISFUNC, rl_vi_end_word }, /* E */ { ISFUNC, rl_vi_char_search }, /* F */ { ISFUNC, rl_vi_fetch_history }, /* G */ { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, /* H */ { ISFUNC, rl_vi_insert_beg }, /* I */ { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, /* J */ { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, /* K */ { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, /* L */ { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, /* M */ { ISFUNC, rl_vi_search_again }, /* N */ { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, /* O */ { ISFUNC, rl_vi_put }, /* P */ { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, /* Q */ { ISFUNC, rl_vi_replace }, /* R */ { ISFUNC, rl_vi_subst }, /* S */ { ISFUNC, rl_vi_char_search }, /* T */ { ISFUNC, rl_revert_line }, /* U */ { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, /* V */ { ISFUNC, rl_vi_next_word }, /* W */ { ISFUNC, rl_rubout }, /* X */ { ISFUNC, rl_vi_yank_to }, /* Y */ { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, /* Z */ /* Some more punctuation. */ { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, /* [ */ { ISFUNC, rl_vi_complete }, /* \ */ { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, /* ] */ { ISFUNC, rl_vi_first_print }, /* ^ */ { ISFUNC, rl_vi_yank_arg }, /* _ */ { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, /* ` */ /* Lowercase alphabet. */ { ISFUNC, rl_vi_append_mode }, /* a */ { ISFUNC, rl_vi_prev_word }, /* b */ { ISFUNC, rl_vi_change_to }, /* c */ { ISFUNC, rl_vi_delete_to }, /* d */ { ISFUNC, rl_vi_end_word }, /* e */ { ISFUNC, rl_vi_char_search }, /* f */ { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, /* g */ { ISFUNC, rl_backward }, /* h */ { ISFUNC, rl_vi_insertion_mode }, /* i */ { ISFUNC, rl_get_next_history }, /* j */ { ISFUNC, rl_get_previous_history }, /* k */ { ISFUNC, rl_forward }, /* l */ { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, /* m */ { ISFUNC, rl_vi_search_again }, /* n */ { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, /* o */ { ISFUNC, rl_vi_put }, /* p */ { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, /* q */ { ISFUNC, rl_vi_change_char }, /* r */ { ISFUNC, rl_vi_subst }, /* s */ { ISFUNC, rl_vi_char_search }, /* t */ { ISFUNC, rl_undo_command }, /* u */ { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, /* v */ { ISFUNC, rl_vi_next_word }, /* w */ { ISFUNC, rl_vi_delete }, /* x */ { ISFUNC, rl_vi_yank_to }, /* y */ { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, /* z */ /* Final punctuation. */ { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, /* { */ { ISFUNC, rl_vi_column }, /* | */ { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, /* } */ { ISFUNC, rl_vi_change_case }, /* ~ */ { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, /* RUBOUT */ #if KEYMAP_SIZE > 128 /* Undefined keys. */ { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 } #endif /* KEYMAP_SIZE > 128 */ }; KEYMAP_ENTRY_ARRAY vi_insertion_keymap = { /* The regular control keys come first. */ { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, /* Control-@ */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* Control-a */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* Control-b */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* Control-c */ { ISFUNC, rl_vi_eof_maybe }, /* Control-d */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* Control-e */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* Control-f */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* Control-g */ { ISFUNC, rl_rubout }, /* Control-h */ { ISFUNC, rl_complete }, /* Control-i */ { ISFUNC, rl_newline }, /* Control-j */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* Control-k */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* Control-l */ { ISFUNC, rl_newline }, /* Control-m */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* Control-n */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* Control-o */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* Control-p */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* Control-q */ { ISFUNC, rl_reverse_search_history }, /* Control-r */ { ISFUNC, rl_forward_search_history }, /* Control-s */ { ISFUNC, rl_transpose_chars }, /* Control-t */ { ISFUNC, rl_unix_line_discard }, /* Control-u */ { ISFUNC, rl_quoted_insert }, /* Control-v */ { ISFUNC, rl_unix_word_rubout }, /* Control-w */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* Control-x */ { ISFUNC, rl_yank }, /* Control-y */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* Control-z */ { ISFUNC, rl_vi_movement_mode }, /* Control-[ */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* Control-\ */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* Control-] */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* Control-^ */ { ISFUNC, rl_undo_command }, /* Control-_ */ /* The start of printing characters. */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* SPACE */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* ! */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* " */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* # */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* $ */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* % */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* & */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* ' */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* ( */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* ) */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* * */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* + */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* , */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* - */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* . */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* / */ /* Regular digits. */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* 0 */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* 1 */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* 2 */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* 3 */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* 4 */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* 5 */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* 6 */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* 7 */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* 8 */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* 9 */ /* A little more punctuation. */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* : */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* ; */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* < */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* = */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* > */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* ? */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* @ */ /* Uppercase alphabet. */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* A */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* B */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* C */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* D */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* E */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* F */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* G */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* H */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* I */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* J */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* K */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* L */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* M */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* N */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* O */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* P */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* Q */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* R */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* S */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* T */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* U */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* V */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* W */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* X */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* Y */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* Z */ /* Some more punctuation. */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* [ */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* \ */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* ] */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* ^ */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* _ */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* ` */ /* Lowercase alphabet. */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* a */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* b */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* c */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* d */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* e */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* f */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* g */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* h */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* i */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* j */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* k */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* l */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* m */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* n */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* o */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* p */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* q */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* r */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* s */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* t */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* u */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* v */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* w */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* x */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* y */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* z */ /* Final punctuation. */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* { */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* | */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* } */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* ~ */ { ISFUNC, rl_rubout }, /* RUBOUT */ #if KEYMAP_SIZE > 128 /* Pure 8-bit characters (128 - 159). These might be used in some character sets. */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* ? */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* ? */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* ? */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* ? */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* ? */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* ? */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* ? */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* ? */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* ? */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* ? */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* ? */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* ? */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* ? */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* ? */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* ? */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* ? */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* ? */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* ? */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* ? */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* ? */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* ? */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* ? */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* ? */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* ? */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* ? */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* ? */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* ? */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* ? */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* ? */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* ? */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* ? */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* ? */ /* ISO Latin-1 characters (160 - 255) */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* No-break space */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* Inverted exclamation mark */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* Cent sign */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* Pound sign */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* Currency sign */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* Yen sign */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* Broken bar */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* Section sign */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* Diaeresis */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* Copyright sign */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* Feminine ordinal indicator */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* Left pointing double angle quotation mark */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* Not sign */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* Soft hyphen */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* Registered sign */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* Macron */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* Degree sign */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* Plus-minus sign */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* Superscript two */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* Superscript three */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* Acute accent */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* Micro sign */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* Pilcrow sign */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* Middle dot */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* Cedilla */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* Superscript one */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* Masculine ordinal indicator */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* Right pointing double angle quotation mark */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* Vulgar fraction one quarter */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* Vulgar fraction one half */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* Vulgar fraction three quarters */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* Inverted questionk mark */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* Latin capital letter a with grave */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* Latin capital letter a with acute */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* Latin capital letter a with circumflex */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* Latin capital letter a with tilde */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* Latin capital letter a with diaeresis */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* Latin capital letter a with ring above */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* Latin capital letter ae */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* Latin capital letter c with cedilla */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* Latin capital letter e with grave */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* Latin capital letter e with acute */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* Latin capital letter e with circumflex */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* Latin capital letter e with diaeresis */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* Latin capital letter i with grave */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* Latin capital letter i with acute */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* Latin capital letter i with circumflex */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* Latin capital letter i with diaeresis */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* Latin capital letter eth (Icelandic) */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* Latin capital letter n with tilde */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* Latin capital letter o with grave */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* Latin capital letter o with acute */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* Latin capital letter o with circumflex */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* Latin capital letter o with tilde */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* Latin capital letter o with diaeresis */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* Multiplication sign */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* Latin capital letter o with stroke */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* Latin capital letter u with grave */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* Latin capital letter u with acute */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* Latin capital letter u with circumflex */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* Latin capital letter u with diaeresis */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* Latin capital letter Y with acute */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* Latin capital letter thorn (Icelandic) */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* Latin small letter sharp s (German) */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* Latin small letter a with grave */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* Latin small letter a with acute */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* Latin small letter a with circumflex */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* Latin small letter a with tilde */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* Latin small letter a with diaeresis */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* Latin small letter a with ring above */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* Latin small letter ae */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* Latin small letter c with cedilla */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* Latin small letter e with grave */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* Latin small letter e with acute */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* Latin small letter e with circumflex */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* Latin small letter e with diaeresis */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* Latin small letter i with grave */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* Latin small letter i with acute */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* Latin small letter i with circumflex */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* Latin small letter i with diaeresis */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* Latin small letter eth (Icelandic) */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* Latin small letter n with tilde */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* Latin small letter o with grave */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* Latin small letter o with acute */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* Latin small letter o with circumflex */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* Latin small letter o with tilde */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* Latin small letter o with diaeresis */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* Division sign */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* Latin small letter o with stroke */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* Latin small letter u with grave */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* Latin small letter u with acute */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* Latin small letter u with circumflex */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* Latin small letter u with diaeresis */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* Latin small letter y with acute */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert }, /* Latin small letter thorn (Icelandic) */ { ISFUNC, rl_insert } /* Latin small letter y with diaeresis */ #endif /* KEYMAP_SIZE > 128 */ }; /* Unused for the time being. */ #if 0 KEYMAP_ENTRY_ARRAY vi_escape_keymap = { /* The regular control keys come first. */ { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, /* Control-@ */ { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, /* Control-a */ { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, /* Control-b */ { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, /* Control-c */ { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, /* Control-d */ { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, /* Control-e */ { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, /* Control-f */ { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, /* Control-g */ { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, /* Control-h */ { ISFUNC, rl_tab_insert}, /* Control-i */ { ISFUNC, rl_emacs_editing_mode}, /* Control-j */ { ISFUNC, rl_kill_line }, /* Control-k */ { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, /* Control-l */ { ISFUNC, rl_emacs_editing_mode}, /* Control-m */ { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, /* Control-n */ { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, /* Control-o */ { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, /* Control-p */ { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, /* Control-q */ { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, /* Control-r */ { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, /* Control-s */ { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, /* Control-t */ { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, /* Control-u */ { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, /* Control-v */ { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, /* Control-w */ { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, /* Control-x */ { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, /* Control-y */ { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, /* Control-z */ { ISFUNC, rl_vi_movement_mode }, /* Control-[ */ { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, /* Control-\ */ { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, /* Control-] */ { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, /* Control-^ */ { ISFUNC, rl_undo_command }, /* Control-_ */ /* The start of printing characters. */ { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, /* SPACE */ { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, /* ! */ { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, /* " */ { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, /* # */ { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, /* $ */ { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, /* % */ { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, /* & */ { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, /* ' */ { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, /* ( */ { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, /* ) */ { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, /* * */ { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, /* + */ { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, /* , */ { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, /* - */ { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, /* . */ { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, /* / */ /* Regular digits. */ { ISFUNC, rl_vi_arg_digit }, /* 0 */ { ISFUNC, rl_vi_arg_digit }, /* 1 */ { ISFUNC, rl_vi_arg_digit }, /* 2 */ { ISFUNC, rl_vi_arg_digit }, /* 3 */ { ISFUNC, rl_vi_arg_digit }, /* 4 */ { ISFUNC, rl_vi_arg_digit }, /* 5 */ { ISFUNC, rl_vi_arg_digit }, /* 6 */ { ISFUNC, rl_vi_arg_digit }, /* 7 */ { ISFUNC, rl_vi_arg_digit }, /* 8 */ { ISFUNC, rl_vi_arg_digit }, /* 9 */ /* A little more punctuation. */ { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, /* : */ { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, /* ; */ { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, /* < */ { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, /* = */ { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, /* > */ { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, /* ? */ { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, /* @ */ /* Uppercase alphabet. */ { ISFUNC, rl_do_lowercase_version }, /* A */ { ISFUNC, rl_do_lowercase_version }, /* B */ { ISFUNC, rl_do_lowercase_version }, /* C */ { ISFUNC, rl_do_lowercase_version }, /* D */ { ISFUNC, rl_do_lowercase_version }, /* E */ { ISFUNC, rl_do_lowercase_version }, /* F */ { ISFUNC, rl_do_lowercase_version }, /* G */ { ISFUNC, rl_do_lowercase_version }, /* H */ { ISFUNC, rl_do_lowercase_version }, /* I */ { ISFUNC, rl_do_lowercase_version }, /* J */ { ISFUNC, rl_do_lowercase_version }, /* K */ { ISFUNC, rl_do_lowercase_version }, /* L */ { ISFUNC, rl_do_lowercase_version }, /* M */ { ISFUNC, rl_do_lowercase_version }, /* N */ { ISFUNC, rl_do_lowercase_version }, /* O */ { ISFUNC, rl_do_lowercase_version }, /* P */ { ISFUNC, rl_do_lowercase_version }, /* Q */ { ISFUNC, rl_do_lowercase_version }, /* R */ { ISFUNC, rl_do_lowercase_version }, /* S */ { ISFUNC, rl_do_lowercase_version }, /* T */ { ISFUNC, rl_do_lowercase_version }, /* U */ { ISFUNC, rl_do_lowercase_version }, /* V */ { ISFUNC, rl_do_lowercase_version }, /* W */ { ISFUNC, rl_do_lowercase_version }, /* X */ { ISFUNC, rl_do_lowercase_version }, /* Y */ { ISFUNC, rl_do_lowercase_version }, /* Z */ /* Some more punctuation. */ { ISFUNC, rl_arrow_keys }, /* [ */ { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, /* \ */ { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, /* ] */ { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, /* ^ */ { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, /* _ */ { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, /* ` */ /* Lowercase alphabet. */ { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, /* a */ { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, /* b */ { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, /* c */ { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, /* d */ { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, /* e */ { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, /* f */ { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, /* g */ { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, /* h */ { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, /* i */ { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, /* j */ { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, /* k */ { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, /* l */ { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, /* m */ { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, /* n */ { ISFUNC, rl_arrow_keys }, /* o */ { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, /* p */ { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, /* q */ { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, /* r */ { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, /* s */ { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, /* t */ { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, /* u */ { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, /* v */ { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, /* w */ { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, /* x */ { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, /* y */ { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, /* z */ /* Final punctuation. */ { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, /* { */ { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, /* | */ { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, /* } */ { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, /* ~ */ { ISFUNC, rl_backward_kill_word }, /* RUBOUT */ #if KEYMAP_SIZE > 128 /* Undefined keys. */ { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 }, { ISFUNC, (Function *)0x0 } #endif /* KEYMAP_SIZE > 128 */ }; #endif bash-1.14.3/lib/readline/history.c 644 436 0 144542 5670670662 15137 0ustar chetwheel/* History.c -- standalone history library */ /* Copyright (C) 1989, 1992 Free Software Foundation, Inc. This file contains the GNU History Library (the Library), a set of routines for managing the text of previously typed lines. The Library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 1, or (at your option) any later version. The Library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details. The GNU General Public License is often shipped with GNU software, and is generally kept in a file called COPYING or LICENSE. If you do not have a copy of the license, write to the Free Software Foundation, 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. */ /* The goal is to make the implementation transparent, so that you don't have to know what data types are used, just what functions you can call. I think I have done that. */ #define READLINE_LIBRARY #include #include #include #include #include #if defined (HAVE_STDLIB_H) # include #else # include "ansi_stdlib.h" #endif /* HAVE_STDLIB_H */ #if defined (HAVE_UNISTD_H) # include #endif #if defined (HAVE_STRING_H) # include #else # include #endif /* !HAVE_STRING_H */ #include /* Not all systems declare ERRNO in errno.h... and some systems #define it! */ #if !defined (errno) extern int errno; #endif /* !errno */ #include "memalloc.h" #include "history.h" #if defined (STATIC_MALLOC) static char *xmalloc (), *xrealloc (); #else extern char *xmalloc (), *xrealloc (); #endif /* STATIC_MALLOC */ #define STREQ(a, b) (((a)[0] == (b)[0]) && (strcmp ((a), (b)) == 0)) #define STREQN(a, b, n) (((a)[0] == (b)[0]) && (strncmp ((a), (b), (n)) == 0)) #ifndef savestring # ifndef strcpy extern char *strcpy (); # endif #define savestring(x) strcpy (xmalloc (1 + strlen (x)), (x)) #endif #ifndef whitespace #define whitespace(c) (((c) == ' ') || ((c) == '\t')) #endif #ifndef digit_p #define digit_p(c) ((c) >= '0' && (c) <= '9') #endif #ifndef digit_value #define digit_value(c) ((c) - '0') #endif #ifndef member # ifndef strchr extern char *strchr (); # endif #define member(c, s) ((c) ? ((char *)strchr ((s), (c)) != (char *)NULL) : 0) #endif /* Possible history errors passed to hist_error. */ #define EVENT_NOT_FOUND 0 #define BAD_WORD_SPEC 1 #define SUBST_FAILED 2 #define BAD_MODIFIER 3 static char error_pointer; static char *subst_lhs; static char *subst_rhs; static int subst_lhs_len = 0; static int subst_rhs_len = 0; static char *get_history_word_specifier (); #if defined (SHELL) extern char *single_quote (); #endif /* **************************************************************** */ /* */ /* History Functions */ /* */ /* **************************************************************** */ /* An array of HIST_ENTRY. This is where we store the history. */ static HIST_ENTRY **the_history = (HIST_ENTRY **)NULL; /* Non-zero means that we have enforced a limit on the amount of history that we save. */ static int history_stifled = 0; /* If HISTORY_STIFLED is non-zero, then this is the maximum number of entries to remember. */ int max_input_history; /* The current location of the interactive history pointer. Just makes life easier for outside callers. */ static int history_offset = 0; /* The number of strings currently stored in the input_history list. */ int history_length = 0; /* The current number of slots allocated to the input_history. */ static int history_size = 0; /* The number of slots to increase the_history by. */ #define DEFAULT_HISTORY_GROW_SIZE 50 /* The character that represents the start of a history expansion request. This is usually `!'. */ char history_expansion_char = '!'; /* The character that invokes word substitution if found at the start of a line. This is usually `^'. */ char history_subst_char = '^'; /* During tokenization, if this character is seen as the first character of a word, then it, and all subsequent characters upto a newline are ignored. For a Bourne shell, this should be '#'. Bash special cases the interactive comment character to not be a comment delimiter. */ char history_comment_char = '\0'; /* The list of characters which inhibit the expansion of text if found immediately following history_expansion_char. */ char *history_no_expand_chars = " \t\n\r="; /* The logical `base' of the history array. It defaults to 1. */ int history_base = 1; /* Return the current HISTORY_STATE of the history. */ HISTORY_STATE * history_get_history_state () { HISTORY_STATE *state; state = (HISTORY_STATE *)xmalloc (sizeof (HISTORY_STATE)); state->entries = the_history; state->offset = history_offset; state->length = history_length; state->size = history_size; state->flags = 0; if (history_stifled) state->flags |= HS_STIFLED; return (state); } /* Set the state of the current history array to STATE. */ void history_set_history_state (state) HISTORY_STATE *state; { the_history = state->entries; history_offset = state->offset; history_length = state->length; history_size = state->size; if (state->flags & HS_STIFLED) history_stifled = 1; } /* Begin a session in which the history functions might be used. This initializes interactive variables. */ void using_history () { history_offset = history_length; } /* Return the number of bytes that the primary history entries are using. This just adds up the lengths of the_history->lines. */ int history_total_bytes () { register int i, result; result = 0; for (i = 0; the_history && the_history[i]; i++) result += strlen (the_history[i]->line); return (result); } /* Place STRING at the end of the history list. The data field is set to NULL. */ void add_history (string) char *string; { HIST_ENTRY *temp; if (history_stifled && (history_length == max_input_history)) { register int i; /* If the history is stifled, and history_length is zero, and it equals max_input_history, we don't save items. */ if (history_length == 0) return; /* If there is something in the slot, then remove it. */ if (the_history[0]) { free (the_history[0]->line); free (the_history[0]); } /* Copy the rest of the entries, moving down one slot. */ for (i = 0; i < history_length; i++) the_history[i] = the_history[i + 1]; history_base++; } else { if (!history_size) { history_size = DEFAULT_HISTORY_GROW_SIZE; the_history = (HIST_ENTRY **)xmalloc (history_size * sizeof (HIST_ENTRY *)); history_length = 1; } else { if (history_length == (history_size - 1)) { history_size += DEFAULT_HISTORY_GROW_SIZE; the_history = (HIST_ENTRY **) xrealloc (the_history, history_size * sizeof (HIST_ENTRY *)); } history_length++; } } temp = (HIST_ENTRY *)xmalloc (sizeof (HIST_ENTRY)); temp->line = savestring (string); temp->data = (char *)NULL; the_history[history_length] = (HIST_ENTRY *)NULL; the_history[history_length - 1] = temp; } /* Make the history entry at WHICH have LINE and DATA. This returns the old entry so you can dispose of the data. In the case of an invalid WHICH, a NULL pointer is returned. */ HIST_ENTRY * replace_history_entry (which, line, data) int which; char *line; char *data; { HIST_ENTRY *temp = (HIST_ENTRY *)xmalloc (sizeof (HIST_ENTRY)); HIST_ENTRY *old_value; if (which >= history_length) return ((HIST_ENTRY *)NULL); old_value = the_history[which]; temp->line = savestring (line); temp->data = data; the_history[which] = temp; return (old_value); } /* Returns the magic number which says what history element we are looking at now. In this implementation, it returns history_offset. */ int where_history () { return (history_offset); } /* Search the history for STRING, starting at history_offset. If DIRECTION < 0, then the search is through previous entries, else through subsequent. If ANCHORED is non-zero, the string must appear at the beginning of a history line, otherwise, the string may appear anywhere in the line. If the string is found, then current_history () is the history entry, and the value of this function is the offset in the line of that history entry that the string was found in. Otherwise, nothing is changed, and a -1 is returned. */ #define ANCHORED_SEARCH 1 #define NON_ANCHORED_SEARCH 0 static int history_search_internal (string, direction, anchored) char *string; int direction, anchored; { register int i, reverse; register char *line; register int line_index; int string_len; i = history_offset; reverse = (direction < 0); /* Take care of trivial cases first. */ if (!history_length || ((i == history_length) && !reverse)) return (-1); if (reverse && (i == history_length)) i--; #define NEXT_LINE() do { if (reverse) i--; else i++; } while (0) string_len = strlen (string); while (1) { /* Search each line in the history list for STRING. */ /* At limit for direction? */ if ((reverse && i < 0) || (!reverse && i == history_length)) return (-1); line = the_history[i]->line; line_index = strlen (line); /* If STRING is longer than line, no match. */ if (string_len > line_index) { NEXT_LINE (); continue; } /* Handle anchored searches first. */ if (anchored == ANCHORED_SEARCH) { if (STREQN (string, line, string_len)) { history_offset = i; return (0); } NEXT_LINE (); continue; } /* Do substring search. */ if (reverse) { line_index -= string_len; while (line_index >= 0) { if (STREQN (string, line + line_index, string_len)) { history_offset = i; return (line_index); } line_index--; } } else { register int limit = line_index - string_len + 1; line_index = 0; while (line_index < limit) { if (STREQN (string, line + line_index, string_len)) { history_offset = i; return (line_index); } line_index++; } } NEXT_LINE (); } } /* Do a non-anchored search for STRING through the history in DIRECTION. */ int history_search (string, direction) char *string; int direction; { return (history_search_internal (string, direction, NON_ANCHORED_SEARCH)); } /* Do an anchored search for string through the history in DIRECTION. */ int history_search_prefix (string, direction) char *string; int direction; { return (history_search_internal (string, direction, ANCHORED_SEARCH)); } /* Remove history element WHICH from the history. The removed element is returned to you so you can free the line, data, and containing structure. */ HIST_ENTRY * remove_history (which) int which; { HIST_ENTRY *return_value; if (which >= history_length || !history_length) return_value = (HIST_ENTRY *)NULL; else { register int i; return_value = the_history[which]; for (i = which; i < history_length; i++) the_history[i] = the_history[i + 1]; history_length--; } return (return_value); } /* Stifle the history list, remembering only MAX number of lines. */ void stifle_history (max) int max; { if (max < 0) max = 0; if (history_length > max) { register int i, j; /* This loses because we cannot free the data. */ for (i = 0; i < (history_length - max); i++) { free (the_history[i]->line); free (the_history[i]); } history_base = i; for (j = 0, i = history_length - max; j < max; i++, j++) the_history[j] = the_history[i]; the_history[j] = (HIST_ENTRY *)NULL; history_length = j; } history_stifled = 1; max_input_history = max; } /* Stop stifling the history. This returns the previous amount the history was stifled by. The value is positive if the history was stifled, negative if it wasn't. */ int unstifle_history () { int result = max_input_history; if (history_stifled) { result = -result; history_stifled = 0; } return (result); } int history_is_stifled () { return (history_stifled); } /* Return the string that should be used in the place of this filename. This only matters when you don't specify the filename to read_history (), or write_history (). */ static char * history_filename (filename) char *filename; { char *return_val = filename ? savestring (filename) : (char *)NULL; if (!return_val) { char *home; int home_len; home = getenv ("HOME"); if (!home) home = "."; home_len = strlen (home); /* strlen(".history") == 8 */ return_val = xmalloc (2 + home_len + 8); strcpy (return_val, home); return_val[home_len] = '/'; strcpy (return_val + home_len + 1, ".history"); } return (return_val); } /* Add the contents of FILENAME to the history list, a line at a time. If FILENAME is NULL, then read from ~/.history. Returns 0 if successful, or errno if not. */ int read_history (filename) char *filename; { return (read_history_range (filename, 0, -1)); } /* Read a range of lines from FILENAME, adding them to the history list. Start reading at the FROM'th line and end at the TO'th. If FROM is zero, start at the beginning. If TO is less than FROM, read until the end of the file. If FILENAME is NULL, then read from ~/.history. Returns 0 if successful, or errno if not. */ int read_history_range (filename, from, to) char *filename; int from, to; { register int line_start, line_end; char *input, *buffer = (char *)NULL; int file, current_line; struct stat finfo; input = history_filename (filename); file = open (input, O_RDONLY, 0666); if ((file < 0) || (fstat (file, &finfo) == -1)) goto error_and_exit; buffer = xmalloc ((int)finfo.st_size + 1); if (read (file, buffer, finfo.st_size) != finfo.st_size) { error_and_exit: if (file >= 0) close (file); if (input) free (input); if (buffer) free (buffer); return (errno); } close (file); /* Set TO to larger than end of file if negative. */ if (to < 0) to = finfo.st_size; /* Start at beginning of file, work to end. */ line_start = line_end = current_line = 0; /* Skip lines until we are at FROM. */ while (line_start < finfo.st_size && current_line < from) { for (line_end = line_start; line_end < finfo.st_size; line_end++) if (buffer[line_end] == '\n') { current_line++; line_start = line_end + 1; if (current_line == from) break; } } /* If there are lines left to gobble, then gobble them now. */ for (line_end = line_start; line_end < finfo.st_size; line_end++) if (buffer[line_end] == '\n') { buffer[line_end] = '\0'; if (buffer[line_start]) add_history (buffer + line_start); current_line++; if (current_line >= to) break; line_start = line_end + 1; } if (input) free (input); if (buffer) free (buffer); return (0); } /* Truncate the history file FNAME, leaving only LINES trailing lines. If FNAME is NULL, then use ~/.history. */ int history_truncate_file (fname, lines) char *fname; register int lines; { register int i; int file, chars_read; char *buffer = (char *)NULL, *filename; struct stat finfo; filename = history_filename (fname); file = open (filename, O_RDONLY, 0666); if (file == -1 || fstat (file, &finfo) == -1) goto truncate_exit; buffer = xmalloc ((int)finfo.st_size + 1); chars_read = read (file, buffer, finfo.st_size); close (file); if (chars_read <= 0) goto truncate_exit; /* Count backwards from the end of buffer until we have passed LINES lines. */ for (i = chars_read - 1; lines && i; i--) { if (buffer[i] == '\n') lines--; } /* If this is the first line, then the file contains exactly the number of lines we want to truncate to, so we don't need to do anything. It's the first line if we don't find a newline between the current value of i and 0. Otherwise, write from the start of this line until the end of the buffer. */ for ( ; i; i--) if (buffer[i] == '\n') { i++; break; } /* Write only if there are more lines in the file than we want to truncate to. */ if (i && ((file = open (filename, O_WRONLY|O_TRUNC, 0666)) != -1)) { write (file, buffer + i, finfo.st_size - i); close (file); } truncate_exit: if (buffer) free (buffer); free (filename); return 0; } #define HISTORY_APPEND 0 #define HISTORY_OVERWRITE 1 /* Workhorse function for writing history. Writes NELEMENT entries from the history list to FILENAME. OVERWRITE is non-zero if you wish to replace FILENAME with the entries. */ static int history_do_write (filename, nelements, overwrite) char *filename; int nelements, overwrite; { register int i; char *output = history_filename (filename); int file, mode; mode = overwrite ? O_WRONLY | O_CREAT | O_TRUNC : O_WRONLY | O_APPEND; if ((file = open (output, mode, 0666)) == -1) { if (output) free (output); return (errno); } if (nelements > history_length) nelements = history_length; /* Build a buffer of all the lines to write, and write them in one syscall. Suggested by Peter Ho (peter@robosts.oxford.ac.uk). */ { register int j = 0; int buffer_size = 0; char *buffer; /* Calculate the total number of bytes to write. */ for (i = history_length - nelements; i < history_length; i++) buffer_size += 1 + strlen (the_history[i]->line); /* Allocate the buffer, and fill it. */ buffer = xmalloc (buffer_size); for (i = history_length - nelements; i < history_length; i++) { strcpy (buffer + j, the_history[i]->line); j += strlen (the_history[i]->line); buffer[j++] = '\n'; } write (file, buffer, buffer_size); free (buffer); } close (file); if (output) free (output); return (0); } /* Append NELEMENT entries to FILENAME. The entries appended are from the end of the list minus NELEMENTs up to the end of the list. */ int append_history (nelements, filename) int nelements; char *filename; { return (history_do_write (filename, nelements, HISTORY_APPEND)); } /* Overwrite FILENAME with the current history. If FILENAME is NULL, then write the history list to ~/.history. Values returned are as in read_history ().*/ int write_history (filename) char *filename; { return (history_do_write (filename, history_length, HISTORY_OVERWRITE)); } /* Return the history entry at the current position, as determined by history_offset. If there is no entry there, return a NULL pointer. */ HIST_ENTRY * current_history () { if ((history_offset == history_length) || !the_history) return ((HIST_ENTRY *)NULL); else return (the_history[history_offset]); } /* Back up history_offset to the previous history entry, and return a pointer to that entry. If there is no previous entry then return a NULL pointer. */ HIST_ENTRY * previous_history () { if (!history_offset) return ((HIST_ENTRY *)NULL); else return (the_history[--history_offset]); } /* Move history_offset forward to the next history entry, and return a pointer to that entry. If there is no next entry then return a NULL pointer. */ HIST_ENTRY * next_history () { if (history_offset == history_length) return ((HIST_ENTRY *)NULL); else return (the_history[++history_offset]); } /* Return the current history array. The caller has to be carefull, since this is the actual array of data, and could be bashed or made corrupt easily. The array is terminated with a NULL pointer. */ HIST_ENTRY ** history_list () { return (the_history); } /* Return the history entry which is logically at OFFSET in the history array. OFFSET is relative to history_base. */ HIST_ENTRY * history_get (offset) int offset; { int local_index = offset - history_base; if (local_index >= history_length || local_index < 0 || !the_history) return ((HIST_ENTRY *)NULL); return (the_history[local_index]); } /* Search for STRING in the history list. DIR is < 0 for searching backwards. POS is an absolute index into the history list at which point to begin searching. */ int history_search_pos (string, dir, pos) char *string; int dir, pos; { int ret, old = where_history (); history_set_pos (pos); if (history_search (string, dir) == -1) { history_set_pos (old); return (-1); } ret = where_history (); history_set_pos (old); return ret; } /* Make the current history item be the one at POS, an absolute index. Returns zero if POS is out of range, else non-zero. */ int history_set_pos (pos) int pos; { if (pos > history_length || pos < 0 || !the_history) return (0); history_offset = pos; return (1); } /* **************************************************************** */ /* */ /* History Expansion */ /* */ /* **************************************************************** */ /* Hairy history expansion on text, not tokens. This is of general use, and thus belongs in this library. */ /* The last string searched for in a !?string? search. */ static char *search_string = (char *)NULL; /* Return the event specified at TEXT + OFFSET modifying OFFSET to point to after the event specifier. Just a pointer to the history line is returned; NULL is returned in the event of a bad specifier. You pass STRING with *INDEX equal to the history_expansion_char that begins this specification. DELIMITING_QUOTE is a character that is allowed to end the string specification for what to search for in addition to the normal characters `:', ` ', `\t', `\n', and sometimes `?'. So you might call this function like: line = get_history_event ("!echo:p", &index, 0); */ char * get_history_event (string, caller_index, delimiting_quote) char *string; int *caller_index; int delimiting_quote; { register int i = *caller_index; register char c; HIST_ENTRY *entry; int which, sign = 1; int local_index, search_mode, substring_okay = 0; char *temp; /* The event can be specified in a number of ways. !! the previous command !n command line N !-n current command-line minus N !str the most recent command starting with STR !?str[?] the most recent command containing STR All values N are determined via HISTORY_BASE. */ if (string[i] != history_expansion_char) return ((char *)NULL); /* Move on to the specification. */ i++; #define RETURN_ENTRY(e, w) \ return ((e = history_get (w)) ? e->line : (char *)NULL) /* Handle !! case. */ if (string[i] == history_expansion_char) { i++; which = history_base + (history_length - 1); *caller_index = i; RETURN_ENTRY (entry, which); } /* Hack case of numeric line specification. */ if (string[i] == '-') { sign = -1; i++; } if (digit_p (string[i])) { /* Get the extent of the digits and compute the value. */ for (which = 0; digit_p (string[i]); i++) which = (which * 10) + digit_value (string[i]); *caller_index = i; if (sign < 0) which = (history_length + history_base) - which; RETURN_ENTRY (entry, which); } /* This must be something to search for. If the spec begins with a '?', then the string may be anywhere on the line. Otherwise, the string must be found at the start of a line. */ if (string[i] == '?') { substring_okay++; i++; } /* Only a closing `?' or a newline delimit a substring search string. */ for (local_index = i; c = string[i]; i++) if ((!substring_okay && (whitespace (c) || c == ':' || #if defined (SHELL) member (c, ";&()|<>") || #endif /* SHELL */ string[i] == delimiting_quote)) || string[i] == '\n' || (substring_okay && string[i] == '?')) break; temp = xmalloc (1 + (i - local_index)); strncpy (temp, &string[local_index], (i - local_index)); temp[i - local_index] = '\0'; if (substring_okay && string[i] == '?') i++; *caller_index = i; #define FAIL_SEARCH() \ do { history_offset = history_length; free (temp) ; return (char *)NULL; } while (0) search_mode = substring_okay ? NON_ANCHORED_SEARCH : ANCHORED_SEARCH; while (1) { local_index = history_search_internal (temp, -1, search_mode); if (local_index < 0) FAIL_SEARCH (); if (local_index == 0 || substring_okay) { entry = current_history (); history_offset = history_length; /* If this was a substring search, then remember the string that we matched for word substitution. */ if (substring_okay) { if (search_string) free (search_string); search_string = temp; } else free (temp); return (entry->line); } if (history_offset) history_offset--; else FAIL_SEARCH (); } #undef FAIL_SEARCH #undef RETURN_ENTRY } #if defined (SHELL) /* Function for extracting single-quoted strings. Used for inhibiting history expansion within single quotes. */ /* Extract the contents of STRING as if it is enclosed in single quotes. SINDEX, when passed in, is the offset of the character immediately following the opening single quote; on exit, SINDEX is left pointing to the closing single quote. */ static void rl_string_extract_single_quoted (string, sindex) char *string; int *sindex; { register int i = *sindex; while (string[i] && string[i] != '\'') i++; *sindex = i; } static char * quote_breaks (s) char *s; { register char *p, *r; char *ret; int len = 3; for (p = s; p && *p; p++, len++) { if (*p == '\'') len += 3; else if (whitespace (*p) || *p == '\n') len += 2; } r = ret = xmalloc (len); *r++ = '\''; for (p = s; p && *p; ) { if (*p == '\'') { *r++ = '\''; *r++ = '\\'; *r++ = '\''; *r++ = '\''; p++; } else if (whitespace (*p) || *p == '\n') { *r++ = '\''; *r++ = *p++; *r++ = '\''; } else *r++ = *p++; } *r++ = '\''; *r = '\0'; return ret; } #endif /* SHELL */ static char * hist_error(s, start, current, errtype) char *s; int start, current, errtype; { char *temp, *emsg; int ll, elen; ll = current - start; switch (errtype) { case EVENT_NOT_FOUND: emsg = "event not found"; elen = 15; break; case BAD_WORD_SPEC: emsg = "bad word specifier"; elen = 18; break; case SUBST_FAILED: emsg = "substitution failed"; elen = 19; break; case BAD_MODIFIER: emsg = "unrecognized history modifier"; elen = 29; break; default: emsg = "unknown expansion error"; elen = 23; break; } temp = xmalloc (ll + elen + 3); strncpy (temp, s + start, ll); temp[ll] = ':'; temp[ll + 1] = ' '; strcpy (temp + ll + 2, emsg); return (temp); } /* Get a history substitution string from STR starting at *IPTR and return it. The length is returned in LENPTR. A backslash can quote the delimiter. If the string is the empty string, the previous pattern is used. If there is no previous pattern for the lhs, the last history search string is used. If IS_RHS is 1, we ignore empty strings and set the pattern to "" anyway. subst_lhs is not changed if the lhs is empty; subst_rhs is allowed to be set to the empty string. */ static char * get_subst_pattern (str, iptr, delimiter, is_rhs, lenptr) char *str; int *iptr, delimiter, is_rhs, *lenptr; { register int si, i, j, k; char *s = (char *) NULL; i = *iptr; for (si = i; str[si] && str[si] != delimiter; si++) if (str[si] == '\\' && str[si + 1] == delimiter) si++; if (si > i || is_rhs) { s = xmalloc (si - i + 1); for (j = 0, k = i; k < si; j++, k++) { /* Remove a backslash quoting the search string delimiter. */ if (str[k] == '\\' && str[k + 1] == delimiter) k++; s[j] = str[k]; } s[j] = '\0'; if (lenptr) *lenptr = j; } i = si; if (str[i]) i++; *iptr = i; return s; } static void postproc_subst_rhs () { char *new; int i, j, new_size; new = xmalloc (new_size = subst_rhs_len + subst_lhs_len); for (i = j = 0; i < subst_rhs_len; i++) { if (subst_rhs[i] == '&') { if (j + subst_lhs_len >= new_size) new = xrealloc (new, (new_size = new_size * 2 + subst_lhs_len)); strcpy (new + j, subst_lhs); j += subst_lhs_len; } else { /* a single backslash protects the `&' from lhs interpolation */ if (subst_rhs[i] == '\\' && subst_rhs[i + 1] == '&') i++; if (j >= new_size) new = xrealloc (new, new_size *= 2); new[j++] = subst_rhs[i]; } } new[j] = '\0'; free (subst_rhs); subst_rhs = new; subst_rhs_len = j; } /* Expand the bulk of a history specifier starting at STRING[START]. Returns 0 if everything is OK, -1 if an error occurred, and 1 if the `p' modifier was supplied and the caller should just print the returned string. Returns the new index into string in *END_INDEX_PTR, and the expanded specifier in *RET_STRING. */ static int history_expand_internal (string, start, end_index_ptr, ret_string, current_line) char *string; int start, *end_index_ptr; char **ret_string; char *current_line; /* for !# */ { int i, n, starting_index; int substitute_globally, want_quotes, print_only; char *event, *temp, *result, *tstr, *t, c, *word_spec; int result_len; result = xmalloc (result_len = 128); i = start; /* If it is followed by something that starts a word specifier, then !! is implied as the event specifier. */ if (member (string[i + 1], ":$*%^")) { char fake_s[3]; int fake_i = 0; i++; fake_s[0] = fake_s[1] = history_expansion_char; fake_s[2] = '\0'; event = get_history_event (fake_s, &fake_i, 0); } else if (string[i + 1] == '#') { i += 2; event = current_line; } else { int quoted_search_delimiter = 0; /* If the character before this `!' is a double or single quote, then this expansion takes place inside of the quoted string. If we have to search for some text ("!foo"), allow the delimiter to end the search string. */ if (i && (string[i - 1] == '\'' || string[i - 1] == '"')) quoted_search_delimiter = string[i - 1]; event = get_history_event (string, &i, quoted_search_delimiter); } if (!event) { *ret_string = hist_error (string, start, i, EVENT_NOT_FOUND); free (result); return (-1); } /* If a word specifier is found, then do what that requires. */ starting_index = i; word_spec = get_history_word_specifier (string, event, &i); /* There is no such thing as a `malformed word specifier'. However, it is possible for a specifier that has no match. In that case, we complain. */ if (word_spec == (char *)&error_pointer) { *ret_string = hist_error (string, starting_index, i, BAD_WORD_SPEC); free (result); return (-1); } /* If no word specifier, than the thing of interest was the event. */ if (!word_spec) temp = savestring (event); else { temp = savestring (word_spec); free (word_spec); } /* Perhaps there are other modifiers involved. Do what they say. */ want_quotes = substitute_globally = print_only = 0; starting_index = i; while (string[i] == ':') { c = string[i + 1]; if (c == 'g') { substitute_globally = 1; i++; c = string[i + 1]; } switch (c) { default: *ret_string = hist_error (string, i+1, i+2, BAD_MODIFIER); free (result); free (temp); return -1; #if defined (SHELL) case 'q': want_quotes = 'q'; break; case 'x': want_quotes = 'x'; break; #endif /* SHELL */ /* :p means make this the last executed line. So we return an error state after adding this line to the history. */ case 'p': print_only++; break; /* :t discards all but the last part of the pathname. */ case 't': tstr = strrchr (temp, '/'); if (tstr) { tstr++; t = savestring (tstr); free (temp); temp = t; } break; /* :h discards the last part of a pathname. */ case 'h': tstr = strrchr (temp, '/'); if (tstr) *tstr = '\0'; break; /* :r discards the suffix. */ case 'r': tstr = strrchr (temp, '.'); if (tstr) *tstr = '\0'; break; /* :e discards everything but the suffix. */ case 'e': tstr = strrchr (temp, '.'); if (tstr) { t = savestring (tstr); free (temp); temp = t; } break; /* :s/this/that substitutes `that' for the first occurrence of `this'. :gs/this/that substitutes `that' for each occurrence of `this'. :& repeats the last substitution. :g& repeats the last substitution globally. */ case '&': case 's': { char *new_event, *t; int delimiter, failed, si, l_temp; if (c == 's') { if (i + 2 < (int)strlen (string)) delimiter = string[i + 2]; else break; /* no search delimiter */ i += 3; t = get_subst_pattern (string, &i, delimiter, 0, &subst_lhs_len); /* An empty substitution lhs with no previous substitution uses the last search string as the lhs. */ if (t) { if (subst_lhs) free (subst_lhs); subst_lhs = t; } else if (!subst_lhs) { if (search_string && *search_string) { subst_lhs = savestring (search_string); subst_lhs_len = strlen (subst_lhs); } else { subst_lhs = (char *) NULL; subst_lhs_len = 0; } } /* If there is no lhs, the substitution can't succeed. */ if (subst_lhs_len == 0) { *ret_string = hist_error (string, starting_index, i, SUBST_FAILED); free (result); free (temp); return -1; } if (subst_rhs) free (subst_rhs); subst_rhs = get_subst_pattern (string, &i, delimiter, 1, &subst_rhs_len); /* If `&' appears in the rhs, it's supposed to be replaced with the lhs. */ if (member ('&', subst_rhs)) postproc_subst_rhs (); } else i += 2; l_temp = strlen (temp); /* Ignore impossible cases. */ if (subst_lhs_len > l_temp) { *ret_string = hist_error (string, starting_index, i, SUBST_FAILED); free (result); free (temp); return (-1); } /* Find the first occurrence of THIS in TEMP. */ si = 0; for (failed = 1; (si + subst_lhs_len) <= l_temp; si++) if (STREQN (temp+si, subst_lhs, subst_lhs_len)) { int len = subst_rhs_len - subst_lhs_len + l_temp; new_event = xmalloc (1 + len); strncpy (new_event, temp, si); strncpy (new_event + si, subst_rhs, subst_rhs_len); strncpy (new_event + si + subst_rhs_len, temp + si + subst_lhs_len, l_temp - (si + subst_lhs_len)); new_event[len] = '\0'; free (temp); temp = new_event; failed = 0; if (substitute_globally) { si += subst_rhs_len; l_temp = strlen (temp); substitute_globally++; continue; } else break; } if (substitute_globally > 1) { substitute_globally = 0; continue; /* don't want to increment i */ } if (failed == 0) continue; /* don't want to increment i */ *ret_string = hist_error (string, starting_index, i, SUBST_FAILED); free (result); free (temp); return (-1); } } i += 2; } /* Done with modfiers. */ /* Believe it or not, we have to back the pointer up by one. */ --i; #if defined (SHELL) if (want_quotes) { char *x; if (want_quotes == 'q') x = single_quote (temp); else if (want_quotes == 'x') x = quote_breaks (temp); else x = savestring (temp); free (temp); temp = x; } #endif /* SHELL */ n = strlen (temp); if (n > result_len) result = xrealloc (result, n + 2); strcpy (result, temp); free (temp); *end_index_ptr = i; *ret_string = result; return (print_only); } /* Expand the string STRING, placing the result into OUTPUT, a pointer to a string. Returns: -1) If there was an error in expansion. 0) If no expansions took place (or, if the only change in the text was the de-slashifying of the history expansion character) 1) If expansions did take place 2) If the `p' modifier was given and the caller should print the result If an error ocurred in expansion, then OUTPUT contains a descriptive error message. */ #define ADD_STRING(s) \ do \ { \ int sl = strlen (s); \ j += sl; \ if (j >= result_len) \ { \ while (j >= result_len) \ result_len += 128; \ result = xrealloc (result, result_len); \ } \ strcpy (result + j - sl, s); \ } \ while (0) #define ADD_CHAR(c) \ do \ { \ if (j >= result_len - 1) \ result = xrealloc (result, result_len += 64); \ result[j++] = c; \ result[j] = '\0'; \ } \ while (0) int history_expand (hstring, output) char *hstring; char **output; { register int j; int i, r, l, passc, cc, modified, eindex, only_printing; char *string; /* The output string, and its length. */ int result_len; char *result; /* Used when adding the string. */ char *temp; /* Setting the history expansion character to 0 inhibits all history expansion. */ if (history_expansion_char == 0) { *output = savestring (hstring); return (0); } /* Prepare the buffer for printing error messages. */ result = xmalloc (result_len = 256); result[0] = '\0'; only_printing = modified = 0; l = strlen (hstring); /* Grovel the string. Only backslash can quote the history escape character. We also handle arg specifiers. */ /* Before we grovel forever, see if the history_expansion_char appears anywhere within the text. */ /* The quick substitution character is a history expansion all right. That is to say, "^this^that^" is equivalent to "!!:s^this^that^", and in fact, that is the substitution that we do. */ if (hstring[0] == history_subst_char) { string = xmalloc (l + 5); string[0] = string[1] = history_expansion_char; string[2] = ':'; string[3] = 's'; strcpy (string + 4, hstring); l += 4; } else { string = hstring; /* If not quick substitution, still maybe have to do expansion. */ /* `!' followed by one of the characters in history_no_expand_chars is NOT an expansion. */ for (i = 0; string[i]; i++) { cc = string[i + 1]; if (string[i] == history_expansion_char) { if (!cc || member (cc, history_no_expand_chars)) continue; #if defined (SHELL) /* The shell uses ! as a pattern negation character in globbing [...] expressions, so let those pass without expansion. */ else if (i > 0 && (string[i - 1] == '[') && member (']', string + i + 1)) continue; #endif /* SHELL */ else break; } #if defined (SHELL) else if (string[i] == '\'') { /* If this is bash, single quotes inhibit history expansion. */ i++; rl_string_extract_single_quoted (string, &i); } else if (string[i] == '\\') { /* If this is bash, allow backslashes to quote single quotes and the history expansion character. */ if (cc == '\'' || cc == history_expansion_char) i++; } #endif /* SHELL */ } if (string[i] != history_expansion_char) { free (result); *output = savestring (string); return (0); } } /* Extract and perform the substitution. */ for (passc = i = j = 0; i < l; i++) { int tchar = string[i]; if (passc) { passc = 0; ADD_CHAR (tchar); continue; } if (tchar == history_expansion_char) tchar = -3; switch (tchar) { default: ADD_CHAR (string[i]); break; case '\\': passc++; ADD_CHAR (tchar); break; #if defined (SHELL) case '\'': { /* If this is bash, single quotes inhibit history expansion. */ int quote, slen; quote = i++; rl_string_extract_single_quoted (string, &i); slen = i - quote + 2; temp = xmalloc (slen); strncpy (temp, string + quote, slen); temp[slen - 1] = '\0'; ADD_STRING (temp); free (temp); break; } #endif /* SHELL */ case -3: /* history_expansion_char */ cc = string[i + 1]; /* If the history_expansion_char is followed by one of the characters in history_no_expand_chars, then it is not a candidate for expansion of any kind. */ if (member (cc, history_no_expand_chars)) { ADD_CHAR (string[i]); break; } #if defined (NO_BANG_HASH_MODIFIERS) /* There is something that is listed as a `word specifier' in csh documentation which means `the expanded text to this point'. That is not a word specifier, it is an event specifier. If we don't want to allow modifiers with `!#', just stick the current output line in again. */ if (cc == '#') { if (result) { temp = xmalloc (1 + strlen (result)); strcpy (temp, result); ADD_STRING (temp); free (temp); } i++; break; } #endif r = history_expand_internal (string, i, &eindex, &temp, result); if (r < 0) { *output = temp; free (result); if (string != hstring) free (string); return -1; } else { if (temp) { modified++; if (*temp) ADD_STRING (temp); free (temp); } only_printing = r == 1; i = eindex; } break; } } *output = result; if (string != hstring) free (string); if (only_printing) { add_history (result); return (2); } return (modified != 0); } /* Return a consed string which is the word specified in SPEC, and found in FROM. NULL is returned if there is no spec. The address of ERROR_POINTER is returned if the word specified cannot be found. CALLER_INDEX is the offset in SPEC to start looking; it is updated to point to just after the last character parsed. */ static char * get_history_word_specifier (spec, from, caller_index) char *spec, *from; int *caller_index; { register int i = *caller_index; int first, last; int expecting_word_spec = 0; char *result; /* The range of words to return doesn't exist yet. */ first = last = 0; result = (char *)NULL; /* If we found a colon, then this *must* be a word specification. If it isn't, then it is an error. */ if (spec[i] == ':') { i++; expecting_word_spec++; } /* Handle special cases first. */ /* `%' is the word last searched for. */ if (spec[i] == '%') { *caller_index = i + 1; return (search_string ? savestring (search_string) : savestring ("")); } /* `*' matches all of the arguments, but not the command. */ if (spec[i] == '*') { *caller_index = i + 1; result = history_arg_extract (1, '$', from); return (result ? result : savestring ("")); } /* `$' is last arg. */ if (spec[i] == '$') { *caller_index = i + 1; return (history_arg_extract ('$', '$', from)); } /* Try to get FIRST and LAST figured out. */ if (spec[i] == '-') first = 0; else if (spec[i] == '^') first = 1; else if (digit_p (spec[i]) && expecting_word_spec) { for (first = 0; digit_p (spec[i]); i++) first = (first * 10) + digit_value (spec[i]); } else return ((char *)NULL); /* no valid `first' for word specifier */ if (spec[i] == '^' || spec[i] == '*') { last = (spec[i] == '^') ? 1 : '$'; /* x* abbreviates x-$ */ i++; } else if (spec[i] != '-') last = first; else { i++; if (digit_p (spec[i])) { for (last = 0; digit_p (spec[i]); i++) last = (last * 10) + digit_value (spec[i]); } else if (spec[i] == '$') { i++; last = '$'; } else if (!spec[i] || spec[i] == ':') /* could be modifier separator */ last = -1; /* x- abbreviates x-$ omitting word `$' */ } *caller_index = i; if (last >= first || last == '$' || last < 0) result = history_arg_extract (first, last, from); return (result ? result : (char *)&error_pointer); } /* Extract the args specified, starting at FIRST, and ending at LAST. The args are taken from STRING. If either FIRST or LAST is < 0, then make that arg count from the right (subtract from the number of tokens, so that FIRST = -1 means the next to last token on the line). If LAST is `$' the last arg from STRING is used. */ char * history_arg_extract (first, last, string) int first, last; char *string; { register int i, len; char *result = (char *)NULL; int size = 0, offset = 0; char **list; /* XXX - think about making history_tokenize return a struct array, each struct in array being a string and a length to avoid the calls to strlen below. */ if ((list = history_tokenize (string)) == NULL) return ((char *)NULL); for (len = 0; list[len]; len++) ; if (last < 0) last = len + last - 1; if (first < 0) first = len + first - 1; if (last == '$') last = len - 1; if (first == '$') first = len - 1; last++; if (first >= len || last > len || first < 0 || last < 0 || first > last) result = ((char *)NULL); else { for (size = 0, i = first; i < last; i++) size += strlen (list[i]) + 1; result = xmalloc (size + 1); result[0] = '\0'; for (i = first; i < last; i++) { strcpy (result + offset, list[i]); offset += strlen (list[i]); if (i + 1 < last) { result[offset++] = ' '; result[offset] = 0; } } } for (i = 0; i < len; i++) free (list[i]); free (list); return (result); } #define slashify_in_quotes "\\`\"$" /* Return an array of tokens, much as the shell might. The tokens are parsed out of STRING. */ char ** history_tokenize (string) char *string; { char **result = (char **)NULL; register int i, start, result_index, size; int len; i = result_index = size = 0; /* Get a token, and stuff it into RESULT. The tokens are split exactly where the shell would split them. */ while (string[i]) { int delimiter = 0; /* Skip leading whitespace. */ for (; string[i] && whitespace (string[i]); i++) ; if (!string[i] || string[i] == history_comment_char) return (result); start = i; if (member (string[i], "()\n")) { i++; goto got_token; } if (member (string[i], "<>;&|$")) { int peek = string[i + 1]; if (peek == string[i] && peek != '$') { if (peek == '<' && string[i + 2] == '-') i++; i += 2; goto got_token; } else { if ((peek == '&' && (string[i] == '>' || string[i] == '<')) || ((peek == '>') && (string[i] == '&')) || ((peek == '(') && (string[i] == '$'))) { i += 2; goto got_token; } } if (string[i] != '$') { i++; goto got_token; } } /* Get word from string + i; */ if (member (string[i], "\"'`")) delimiter = string[i++]; for (; string[i]; i++) { if (string[i] == '\\' && string[i + 1] == '\n') { i++; continue; } if (string[i] == '\\' && delimiter != '\'' && (delimiter != '"' || member (string[i], slashify_in_quotes))) { i++; continue; } if (delimiter && string[i] == delimiter) { delimiter = 0; continue; } if (!delimiter && (member (string[i], " \t\n;&()|<>"))) break; if (!delimiter && member (string[i], "\"'`")) delimiter = string[i]; } got_token: len = i - start; if (result_index + 2 >= size) result = (char **)xrealloc (result, ((size += 10) * sizeof (char *))); result[result_index] = xmalloc (1 + len); strncpy (result[result_index], string + start, len); result[result_index][len] = '\0'; result[++result_index] = (char *)NULL; } return (result); } #if defined (STATIC_MALLOC) /* **************************************************************** */ /* */ /* xmalloc and xrealloc () */ /* */ /* **************************************************************** */ static void memory_error_and_abort (); static char * xmalloc (bytes) int bytes; { char *temp = (char *)malloc (bytes); if (!temp) memory_error_and_abort (); return (temp); } static char * xrealloc (pointer, bytes) char *pointer; int bytes; { char *temp; if (!pointer) temp = (char *)xmalloc (bytes); else temp = (char *)realloc (pointer, bytes); if (!temp) memory_error_and_abort (); return (temp); } static void memory_error_and_abort () { fprintf (stderr, "history: Out of virtual memory!\n"); abort (); } #endif /* STATIC_MALLOC */ /* **************************************************************** */ /* */ /* Test Code */ /* */ /* **************************************************************** */ #ifdef TEST main () { char line[1024], *t; int done = 0; line[0] = 0; while (!done) { fprintf (stdout, "history%% "); t = gets (line); if (!t) strcpy (line, "quit"); if (line[0]) { char *expansion; int result; using_history (); result = history_expand (line, &expansion); strcpy (line, expansion); free (expansion); if (result) fprintf (stderr, "%s\n", line); if (result < 0) continue; add_history (line); } if (strcmp (line, "quit") == 0) done = 1; if (strcmp (line, "save") == 0) write_history (0); if (strcmp (line, "read") == 0) read_history (0); if (strcmp (line, "list") == 0) { register HIST_ENTRY **the_list = history_list (); register int i; if (the_list) for (i = 0; the_list[i]; i++) fprintf (stdout, "%d: %s\n", i + history_base, the_list[i]->line); } if (strncmp (line, "delete", strlen ("delete")) == 0) { int which; if ((sscanf (line + strlen ("delete"), "%d", &which)) == 1) { HIST_ENTRY *entry = remove_history (which); if (!entry) fprintf (stderr, "No such entry %d\n", which); else { free (entry->line); free (entry); } } else { fprintf (stderr, "non-numeric arg given to `delete'\n"); } } } } #endif /* TEST */ /* * Local variables: * compile-command: "gcc -g -DTEST -o history history.c" * end: */ bash-1.14.3/lib/readline/funmap.c 644 436 0 21724 5615240535 14667 0ustar chetwheel/* funmap.c -- attach names to functions. */ /* Copyright (C) 1987, 1989, 1992 Free Software Foundation, Inc. This file is part of the GNU Readline Library, a library for reading lines of text with interactive input and history editing. The GNU Readline Library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 1, or (at your option) any later version. The GNU Readline Library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details. The GNU General Public License is often shipped with GNU software, and is generally kept in a file called COPYING or LICENSE. If you do not have a copy of the license, write to the Free Software Foundation, 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. */ #define READLINE_LIBRARY #if defined (STATIC_MALLOC) static char *xmalloc (), *xrealloc (); #else extern char *xmalloc (), *xrealloc (); #endif /* STATIC_MALLOC */ #if !defined (BUFSIZ) #include #endif /* BUFSIZ */ #if defined (HAVE_STDLIB_H) # include #else # include "ansi_stdlib.h" #endif /* HAVE_STDLIB_H */ #include "rlconf.h" #include "readline.h" static int qsort_string_compare (); FUNMAP **funmap = (FUNMAP **)NULL; static int funmap_size = 0; static int funmap_entry = 0; /* After initializing the function map, this is the index of the first program specific function. */ int funmap_program_specific_entry_start; static FUNMAP default_funmap[] = { { "abort", rl_abort }, { "accept-line", rl_newline }, { "arrow-key-prefix", rl_arrow_keys }, { "backward-char", rl_backward }, { "backward-delete-char", rl_rubout }, { "backward-kill-line", rl_backward_kill_line }, { "backward-kill-word", rl_backward_kill_word }, { "backward-word", rl_backward_word }, { "beginning-of-history", rl_beginning_of_history }, { "beginning-of-line", rl_beg_of_line }, { "call-last-kbd-macro", rl_call_last_kbd_macro }, { "capitalize-word", rl_capitalize_word }, { "clear-screen", rl_clear_screen }, { "complete", rl_complete }, { "delete-char", rl_delete }, { "delete-horizontal-space", rl_delete_horizontal_space }, { "digit-argument", rl_digit_argument }, { "do-lowercase-version", rl_do_lowercase_version }, { "downcase-word", rl_downcase_word }, { "dump-functions", rl_dump_functions }, { "emacs-editing-mode", rl_emacs_editing_mode }, { "end-kbd-macro", rl_end_kbd_macro }, { "end-of-history", rl_end_of_history }, { "end-of-line", rl_end_of_line }, { "forward-char", rl_forward }, { "forward-search-history", rl_forward_search_history }, { "forward-word", rl_forward_word }, { "history-search-backward", rl_history_search_backward }, { "history-search-forward", rl_history_search_forward }, { "insert-completions", rl_insert_completions }, { "kill-whole-line", rl_kill_full_line }, { "kill-line", rl_kill_line }, { "kill-word", rl_kill_word }, { "next-history", rl_get_next_history }, { "non-incremental-forward-search-history", rl_noninc_forward_search }, { "non-incremental-reverse-search-history", rl_noninc_reverse_search }, { "non-incremental-forward-search-history-again", rl_noninc_forward_search_again }, { "non-incremental-reverse-search-history-again", rl_noninc_reverse_search_again }, { "possible-completions", rl_possible_completions }, { "previous-history", rl_get_previous_history }, { "quoted-insert", rl_quoted_insert }, { "re-read-init-file", rl_re_read_init_file }, { "redraw-current-line", rl_refresh_line}, { "reverse-search-history", rl_reverse_search_history }, { "revert-line", rl_revert_line }, { "self-insert", rl_insert }, { "start-kbd-macro", rl_start_kbd_macro }, { "tab-insert", rl_tab_insert }, { "tilde-expand", rl_tilde_expand }, { "transpose-chars", rl_transpose_chars }, { "transpose-words", rl_transpose_words }, { "tty-status", rl_tty_status }, { "undo", rl_undo_command }, { "universal-argument", rl_universal_argument }, { "unix-line-discard", rl_unix_line_discard }, { "unix-word-rubout", rl_unix_word_rubout }, { "upcase-word", rl_upcase_word }, { "yank", rl_yank }, { "yank-last-arg", rl_yank_last_arg }, { "yank-nth-arg", rl_yank_nth_arg }, { "yank-pop", rl_yank_pop }, #if defined (VI_MODE) { "vi-append-eol", rl_vi_append_eol }, { "vi-append-mode", rl_vi_append_mode }, { "vi-arg-digit", rl_vi_arg_digit }, { "vi-bWord", rl_vi_bWord }, { "vi-bracktype", rl_vi_bracktype }, { "vi-bword", rl_vi_bword }, { "vi-change-case", rl_vi_change_case }, { "vi-change-char", rl_vi_change_char }, { "vi-change-to", rl_vi_change_to }, { "vi-char-search", rl_vi_char_search }, { "vi-column", rl_vi_column }, { "vi-comment", rl_vi_comment }, { "vi-complete", rl_vi_complete }, { "vi-delete", rl_vi_delete }, { "vi-delete-to", rl_vi_delete_to }, { "vi-eWord", rl_vi_eWord }, { "vi-editing-mode", rl_vi_editing_mode }, { "vi-end-word", rl_vi_end_word }, { "vi-eof-maybe", rl_vi_eof_maybe }, { "vi-eword", rl_vi_eword }, { "vi-fWord", rl_vi_fWord }, { "vi-first-print", rl_vi_first_print }, { "vi-fword", rl_vi_fword }, { "vi-insert-beg", rl_vi_insert_beg }, { "vi-insertion-mode", rl_vi_insertion_mode }, { "vi-match", rl_vi_match }, { "vi-movement-mode", rl_vi_movement_mode }, { "vi-next-word", rl_vi_next_word }, { "vi-overstrike", rl_vi_overstrike }, { "vi-overstrike-delete", rl_vi_overstrike_delete }, { "vi-prev-word", rl_vi_prev_word }, { "vi-put", rl_vi_put }, { "vi-redo", rl_vi_redo }, { "vi-replace", rl_vi_replace }, { "vi-search", rl_vi_search }, { "vi-search-again", rl_vi_search_again }, { "vi-subst", rl_vi_subst }, { "vi-tilde-expand", rl_vi_tilde_expand }, { "vi-yank-arg", rl_vi_yank_arg }, { "vi-yank-to", rl_vi_yank_to }, #endif /* VI_MODE */ {(char *)NULL, (Function *)NULL } }; rl_add_funmap_entry (name, function) char *name; Function *function; { if (funmap_entry + 2 >= funmap_size) if (!funmap) funmap = (FUNMAP **)xmalloc ((funmap_size = 80) * sizeof (FUNMAP *)); else funmap = (FUNMAP **)xrealloc (funmap, (funmap_size += 80) * sizeof (FUNMAP *)); funmap[funmap_entry] = (FUNMAP *)xmalloc (sizeof (FUNMAP)); funmap[funmap_entry]->name = name; funmap[funmap_entry]->function = function; funmap[++funmap_entry] = (FUNMAP *)NULL; return funmap_entry; } static int funmap_initialized = 0; /* Make the funmap contain all of the default entries. */ void rl_initialize_funmap () { register int i; if (funmap_initialized) return; for (i = 0; default_funmap[i].name; i++) rl_add_funmap_entry (default_funmap[i].name, default_funmap[i].function); funmap_initialized = 1; funmap_program_specific_entry_start = i; } /* Produce a NULL terminated array of known function names. The array is sorted. The array itself is allocated, but not the strings inside. You should free () the array when you done, but not the pointrs. */ char ** rl_funmap_names () { char **result = (char **)NULL; int result_size, result_index; result_size = result_index = 0; /* Make sure that the function map has been initialized. */ rl_initialize_funmap (); for (result_index = 0; funmap[result_index]; result_index++) { if (result_index + 2 > result_size) { if (!result) result = (char **)xmalloc ((result_size = 20) * sizeof (char *)); else result = (char **) xrealloc (result, (result_size += 20) * sizeof (char *)); } result[result_index] = funmap[result_index]->name; result[result_index + 1] = (char *)NULL; } qsort (result, result_index, sizeof (char *), qsort_string_compare); return (result); } /* Stupid comparison routine for qsort () ing strings. */ static int qsort_string_compare (s1, s2) register char **s1, **s2; { int r; r = **s1 - **s2; if (r == 0) r = strcmp (*s1, *s2); return r; } /* Things that mean `Control'. */ char *possible_control_prefixes[] = { "Control-", "C-", "CTRL-", (char *)NULL }; char *possible_meta_prefixes[] = { "Meta", "M-", (char *)NULL }; #if defined (STATIC_MALLOC) /* **************************************************************** */ /* */ /* xmalloc and xrealloc () */ /* */ /* **************************************************************** */ static void memory_error_and_abort (); static char * xmalloc (bytes) int bytes; { char *temp = (char *)malloc (bytes); if (!temp) memory_error_and_abort (); return (temp); } static char * xrealloc (pointer, bytes) char *pointer; int bytes; { char *temp; if (!pointer) temp = (char *)malloc (bytes); else temp = (char *)realloc (pointer, bytes); if (!temp) memory_error_and_abort (); return (temp); } static void memory_error_and_abort () { fprintf (stderr, "history: Out of virtual memory!\n"); abort (); } #endif /* STATIC_MALLOC */ bash-1.14.3/lib/readline/keymaps.c 644 436 0 10736 5670654062 15060 0ustar chetwheel/* keymaps.c -- Functions and keymaps for the GNU Readline library. */ /* Copyright (C) 1988,1989 Free Software Foundation, Inc. This file is part of GNU Readline, a library for reading lines of text with interactive input and history editing. Readline is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 1, or (at your option) any later version. Readline is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details. You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with Readline; see the file COPYING. If not, write to the Free Software Foundation, 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. */ #define READLINE_LIBRARY #if defined (HAVE_CONFIG_H) # include "config.h" #endif #if defined (HAVE_STDLIB_H) # include #else # include "ansi_stdlib.h" #endif /* HAVE_STDLIB_H */ #include "rlconf.h" #include "keymaps.h" #include "emacs_keymap.c" #if defined (VI_MODE) #include "vi_keymap.c" #endif extern int rl_do_lowercase_version (); extern int rl_rubout (), rl_insert (); #if defined (STATIC_MALLOC) static char *xmalloc (), *xrealloc (); #else extern char *xmalloc (), *xrealloc (); #endif /* STATIC_MALLOC */ /* **************************************************************** */ /* */ /* Functions for manipulating Keymaps. */ /* */ /* **************************************************************** */ /* Return a new, empty keymap. Free it with free() when you are done. */ Keymap rl_make_bare_keymap () { register int i; Keymap keymap = (Keymap)xmalloc (KEYMAP_SIZE * sizeof (KEYMAP_ENTRY)); for (i = 0; i < KEYMAP_SIZE; i++) { keymap[i].type = ISFUNC; keymap[i].function = (Function *)NULL; } for (i = 'A'; i < ('Z' + 1); i++) { keymap[i].type = ISFUNC; keymap[i].function = rl_do_lowercase_version; } return (keymap); } /* Return a new keymap which is a copy of MAP. */ Keymap rl_copy_keymap (map) Keymap map; { register int i; Keymap temp = rl_make_bare_keymap (); for (i = 0; i < KEYMAP_SIZE; i++) { temp[i].type = map[i].type; temp[i].function = map[i].function; } return (temp); } /* Return a new keymap with the printing characters bound to rl_insert, the uppercase Meta characters bound to run their lowercase equivalents, and the Meta digits bound to produce numeric arguments. */ Keymap rl_make_keymap () { register int i; Keymap newmap; newmap = rl_make_bare_keymap (); /* All ASCII printing characters are self-inserting. */ for (i = ' '; i < 127; i++) newmap[i].function = rl_insert; newmap[TAB].function = rl_insert; newmap[RUBOUT].function = rl_rubout; newmap[CTRL('H')].function = rl_rubout; #if KEYMAP_SIZE > 128 /* Printing characters in some 8-bit character sets. */ for (i = 128; i < 160; i++) newmap[i].function = rl_insert; /* ISO Latin-1 printing characters should self-insert. */ for (i = 160; i < 256; i++) newmap[i].function = rl_insert; #endif /* KEYMAP_SIZE > 128 */ return (newmap); } /* Free the storage associated with MAP. */ void rl_discard_keymap (map) Keymap (map); { int i; if (!map) return; for (i = 0; i < KEYMAP_SIZE; i++) { switch (map[i].type) { case ISFUNC: break; case ISKMAP: rl_discard_keymap ((Keymap)map[i].function); break; case ISMACR: free ((char *)map[i].function); break; } } } #if defined (STATIC_MALLOC) /* **************************************************************** */ /* */ /* xmalloc and xrealloc () */ /* */ /* **************************************************************** */ static void memory_error_and_abort (); static char * xmalloc (bytes) int bytes; { char *temp = (char *)malloc (bytes); if (!temp) memory_error_and_abort (); return (temp); } static char * xrealloc (pointer, bytes) char *pointer; int bytes; { char *temp; if (!pointer) temp = (char *)malloc (bytes); else temp = (char *)realloc (pointer, bytes); if (!temp) memory_error_and_abort (); return (temp); } static void memory_error_and_abort () { fprintf (stderr, "readline: Out of virtual memory!\n"); abort (); } #endif /* STATIC_MALLOC */ bash-1.14.3/lib/readline/xmalloc.c 664 436 0 4111 5336252631 15011 0ustar chetwheel/* xmalloc.c -- safe versions of malloc and realloc */ /* Copyright (C) 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc. This file is part of GNU Readline, a library for reading lines of text with interactive input and history editing. Readline is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 1, or (at your option) any later version. Readline is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details. You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with Readline; see the file COPYING. If not, write to the Free Software Foundation, 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. */ #if defined (ALREADY_HAVE_XMALLOC) #else #include #if defined (HAVE_STDLIB_H) # include #else # include "ansi_stdlib.h" #endif /* HAVE_STDLIB_H */ static void memory_error_and_abort (); /* **************************************************************** */ /* */ /* Memory Allocation and Deallocation. */ /* */ /* **************************************************************** */ /* Return a pointer to free()able block of memory large enough to hold BYTES number of bytes. If the memory cannot be allocated, print an error message and abort. */ char * xmalloc (bytes) int bytes; { char *temp = (char *)malloc (bytes); if (!temp) memory_error_and_abort ("xmalloc"); return (temp); } char * xrealloc (pointer, bytes) char *pointer; int bytes; { char *temp; if (!pointer) temp = (char *)malloc (bytes); else temp = (char *)realloc (pointer, bytes); if (!temp) memory_error_and_abort ("xrealloc"); return (temp); } static void memory_error_and_abort (fname) char *fname; { fprintf (stderr, "%s: Out of virtual memory!\n", fname); abort (); } #endif /* !ALREADY_HAVE_XMALLOC */ bash-1.14.3/lib/readline/README 664 436 0 424 5540143420 14041 0ustar chetwheelThis is the distribution of the Gnu Readline library. See the file STANDALONE for a description of the #defines that can be passed via the makefile to build readline on different systems. The file rlconf.h contains defines that enable and disable certain readline features. bash-1.14.3/lib/readline/STANDALONE 664 436 0 2232 5612770323 14563 0ustar chetwheelThis is a description of C preprocessor defines that readline accepts. Most are passed in from the parent `make'; e.g. from the bash source directory. NO_SYS_FILE is not present HAVE_UNISTD_H exists HAVE_STDLIB_H exists HAVE_VARARGS_H exists and is usable HAVE_STRING_H exists HAVE_ALLOCA_H exists and is needed for alloca() HAVE_ALLOCA alloca(3) or a define for it exists PRAGMA_ALLOCA use of alloca() requires a #pragma, as in AIX 3.x VOID_SIGHANDLER signal handlers are void functions HAVE_DIRENT_H exists and is usable HAVE_SYS_PTEM_H exists HAVE_SYS_PTE_H exists HAVE_SYS_STREAM_H exists System-specific options: GWINSZ_IN_SYS_IOCTL need to include for TIOCGWINSZ HAVE_GETPW_DECLS the getpw* functions are declared in and cannot be redeclared without compiler errors HAVE_STRCASECMP the strcasecmp and strncasecmp functions are available USG Running a variant of System V USGr3 Running System V.3 XENIX_22 Xenix 2.2 Linux Linux CRAY running a recent version of Cray UNICOS SunOS4 Running SunOS 4.x bash-1.14.3/lib/readline/search.c 644 436 0 22003 5671076273 14645 0ustar chetwheel/* search.c - code for non-incremental searching in emacs and vi modes. */ /* Copyright (C) 1992 Free Software Foundation, Inc. This file is part of the Readline Library (the Library), a set of routines for providing Emacs style line input to programs that ask for it. The Library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 1, or (at your option) any later version. The Library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details. The GNU General Public License is often shipped with GNU software, and is generally kept in a file called COPYING or LICENSE. If you do not have a copy of the license, write to the Free Software Foundation, 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. */ #define READLINE_LIBRARY #include #include #if defined (HAVE_UNISTD_H) # include #endif #include "rldefs.h" #include "readline.h" #include "history.h" #define STREQ(a, b) (((a)[0] == (b)[0]) && (strcmp ((a), (b)) == 0)) #define STREQN(a, b, n) (((a)[0] == (b)[0]) && (strncmp ((a), (b), (n)) == 0)) #define abs(x) (((x) > 0) ? (x) : -(x)) extern char *xmalloc (), *xrealloc (); /* Variables imported from readline.c */ extern int rl_point, rl_end, rl_line_buffer_len; extern Keymap _rl_keymap; extern int rl_editing_mode; extern char *rl_prompt; extern char *rl_line_buffer; extern HIST_ENTRY *saved_line_for_history; extern Function *rl_last_func; /* Functions imported from the rest of the library. */ extern int _rl_free_history_entry (); static char *noninc_search_string = (char *) NULL; static int noninc_history_pos = 0; static char *prev_line_found = (char *) NULL; /* Search the history list for STRING starting at absolute history position POS. If STRING begins with `^', the search must match STRING at the beginning of a history line, otherwise a full substring match is performed for STRING. DIR < 0 means to search backwards through the history list, DIR >= 0 means to search forward. */ static int noninc_search_from_pos (string, pos, dir) char *string; int pos, dir; { int ret, old; old = where_history (); history_set_pos (pos); if (*string == '^') ret = history_search_prefix (string + 1, dir); else ret = history_search (string, dir); if (ret != -1) ret = where_history (); history_set_pos (old); return (ret); } /* Search for a line in the history containing STRING. If DIR is < 0, the search is backwards through previous entries, else through subsequent entries. */ static void noninc_dosearch (string, dir) char *string; int dir; { int oldpos, pos; HIST_ENTRY *entry; if (string == 0 || *string == '\0' || noninc_history_pos < 0) { ding (); return; } pos = noninc_search_from_pos (string, noninc_history_pos + dir, dir); if (pos == -1) { /* Search failed, current history position unchanged. */ maybe_unsave_line (); rl_clear_message (); rl_point = 0; ding (); return; } noninc_history_pos = pos; oldpos = where_history (); history_set_pos (noninc_history_pos); entry = current_history (); #if defined (VI_MODE) if (rl_editing_mode != vi_mode) #endif history_set_pos (oldpos); { int line_len; line_len = strlen (entry->line); if (line_len >= rl_line_buffer_len) rl_extend_line_buffer (line_len); strcpy (rl_line_buffer, entry->line); } rl_undo_list = (UNDO_LIST *)entry->data; rl_end = strlen (rl_line_buffer); rl_point = 0; rl_clear_message (); if (saved_line_for_history) _rl_free_history_entry (saved_line_for_history); saved_line_for_history = (HIST_ENTRY *)NULL; } /* Search non-interactively through the history list. DIR < 0 means to search backwards through the history of previous commands; otherwise the search is for commands subsequent to the current position in the history list. PCHAR is the character to use for prompting when reading the search string; if not specified (0), it defaults to `:'. */ static void noninc_search (dir, pchar) int dir; int pchar; { int saved_point, c, pmtlen; char *p; maybe_save_line (); saved_point = rl_point; /* Use the line buffer to read the search string. */ rl_line_buffer[0] = 0; rl_end = rl_point = 0; /* XXX - this needs fixing to work with the prompt expansion stuff - XXX */ pmtlen = (rl_prompt && *rl_prompt) ? strlen (rl_prompt) : 0; p = xmalloc (2 + pmtlen); if (pmtlen) strcpy (p, rl_prompt); p[pmtlen] = pchar ? pchar : ':'; p[pmtlen + 1] = '\0'; rl_message (p, 0, 0); free (p); /* Read the search string. */ while (c = rl_read_key ()) { switch (c) { case CTRL('H'): case RUBOUT: if (rl_point == 0) { maybe_unsave_line (); rl_clear_message (); rl_point = saved_point; return; } rl_rubout (1); break; case CTRL('W'): rl_unix_word_rubout (); break; case CTRL('U'): rl_unix_line_discard (); break; case RETURN: case NEWLINE: goto dosearch; /* NOTREACHED */ break; case CTRL('C'): case CTRL('G'): maybe_unsave_line (); rl_clear_message (); rl_point = saved_point; ding (); return; default: rl_insert (1, c); break; } rl_redisplay (); } dosearch: /* If rl_point == 0, we want to re-use the previous search string and start from the saved history position. If there's no previous search string, punt. */ if (rl_point == 0) { if (!noninc_search_string) { ding (); return; } } else { /* We want to start the search from the current history position. */ noninc_history_pos = where_history (); if (noninc_search_string) free (noninc_search_string); noninc_search_string = savestring (rl_line_buffer); } noninc_dosearch (noninc_search_string, dir); } /* Search forward through the history list for a string. If the vi-mode code calls this, KEY will be `?'. */ rl_noninc_forward_search (count, key) int count, key; { if (key == '?') noninc_search (1, '?'); else noninc_search (1, 0); return 0; } /* Reverse search the history list for a string. If the vi-mode code calls this, KEY will be `/'. */ rl_noninc_reverse_search (count, key) int count, key; { if (key == '/') noninc_search (-1, '/'); else noninc_search (-1, 0); return 0; } /* Search forward through the history list for the last string searched for. If there is no saved search string, abort. */ rl_noninc_forward_search_again (count, key) int count, key; { if (!noninc_search_string) { ding (); return (-1); } noninc_dosearch (noninc_search_string, 1); return 0; } /* Reverse search in the history list for the last string searched for. If there is no saved search string, abort. */ rl_noninc_reverse_search_again (count, key) int count, key; { if (!noninc_search_string) { ding (); return (-1); } noninc_dosearch (noninc_search_string, -1); return 0; } static int rl_history_search_internal (count, direction) int count, direction; { HIST_ENTRY *temp, *old_temp; int line_len; maybe_save_line (); temp = old_temp = (HIST_ENTRY *)NULL; while (count) { temp = (direction < 0) ? previous_history () : next_history (); if (!temp) break; if (STREQN (rl_line_buffer, temp->line, rl_point)) { /* Don't find multiple instances of the same line. */ if (prev_line_found && STREQ (prev_line_found, temp->line)) continue; if (direction < 0) old_temp = temp; prev_line_found = temp->line; count--; } } if (!temp) { if (direction < 0 && old_temp) temp = old_temp; else { maybe_unsave_line (); ding (); return 1; } } line_len = strlen (temp->line); if (line_len >= rl_line_buffer_len) rl_extend_line_buffer (line_len); strcpy (rl_line_buffer, temp->line); rl_undo_list = (UNDO_LIST *)temp->data; rl_end = line_len; return 0; } /* Search forward in the history for the string of characters from the start of the line to rl_point. This is a non-incremental search. */ int rl_history_search_forward (count, ignore) int count, ignore; { if (count == 0) return (0); if (rl_last_func != rl_history_search_forward) prev_line_found = (char *)NULL; return (rl_history_search_internal (abs (count), (count > 0) ? 1 : -1)); } /* Search backward through the history for the string of characters from the start of the line to rl_point. This is a non-incremental search. */ int rl_history_search_backward (count, ignore) int count, ignore; { if (count == 0) return (0); if (rl_last_func != rl_history_search_backward) prev_line_found = (char *)NULL; return (rl_history_search_internal (abs (count), (count > 0) ? -1 : 1)); } bash-1.14.3/lib/readline/isearch.c 644 436 0 23057 5605401273 15015 0ustar chetwheel/* **************************************************************** */ /* */ /* I-Search and Searching */ /* */ /* **************************************************************** */ /* Copyright (C) 1987,1989 Free Software Foundation, Inc. This file contains the Readline Library (the Library), a set of routines for providing Emacs style line input to programs that ask for it. The Library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 1, or (at your option) any later version. The Library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details. The GNU General Public License is often shipped with GNU software, and is generally kept in a file called COPYING or LICENSE. If you do not have a copy of the license, write to the Free Software Foundation, 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. */ #define READLINE_LIBRARY #include #if defined (HAVE_UNISTD_H) # include #endif #include "memalloc.h" #include "readline.h" #include "history.h" #define STREQ(a, b) (((a)[0] == (b)[0]) && (strcmp ((a), (b)) == 0)) #define STREQN(a, b, n) (((a)[0] == (b)[0]) && (strncmp ((a), (b), (n)) == 0)) /* Variables imported from other files in the readline library. */ extern Keymap _rl_keymap; extern HIST_ENTRY *saved_line_for_history; extern int rl_line_buffer_len; extern int rl_point, rl_end; extern char *rl_line_buffer; extern char *xmalloc (), *xrealloc (); static int rl_search_history (); /* Last line found by the current incremental search, so we don't `find' identical lines many times in a row. */ static char *prev_line_found; /* Search backwards through the history looking for a string which is typed interactively. Start with the current line. */ rl_reverse_search_history (sign, key) int sign; int key; { return (rl_search_history (-sign, key)); } /* Search forwards through the history looking for a string which is typed interactively. Start with the current line. */ rl_forward_search_history (sign, key) int sign; int key; { return (rl_search_history (sign, key)); } /* Display the current state of the search in the echo-area. SEARCH_STRING contains the string that is being searched for, DIRECTION is zero for forward, or 1 for reverse, WHERE is the history list number of the current line. If it is -1, then this line is the starting one. */ static void rl_display_search (search_string, reverse_p, where) char *search_string; int reverse_p, where; { char *message; message = xmalloc (1 + (search_string ? strlen (search_string) : 0) + 30); *message = '\0'; #if defined (NOTDEF) if (where != -1) sprintf (message, "[%d]", where + history_base); #endif /* NOTDEF */ strcat (message, "("); if (reverse_p) strcat (message, "reverse-"); strcat (message, "i-search)`"); if (search_string) strcat (message, search_string); strcat (message, "': "); rl_message ("%s", message, 0); free (message); rl_redisplay (); } /* Search through the history looking for an interactively typed string. This is analogous to i-search. We start the search in the current line. DIRECTION is which direction to search; >= 0 means forward, < 0 means backwards. */ static int rl_search_history (direction, invoking_key) int direction; int invoking_key; { /* The string that the user types in to search for. */ char *search_string; /* The current length of SEARCH_STRING. */ int search_string_index; /* The amount of space that SEARCH_STRING has allocated to it. */ int search_string_size; /* The list of lines to search through. */ char **lines, *allocated_line = (char *)NULL; /* The length of LINES. */ int hlen; /* Where we get LINES from. */ HIST_ENTRY **hlist = history_list (); register int i = 0; int orig_point = rl_point; int orig_line = where_history (); int last_found_line = orig_line; int c, done = 0, found, failed, sline_len; /* The line currently being searched. */ char *sline; /* Offset in that line. */ int line_index; /* Non-zero if we are doing a reverse search. */ int reverse = (direction < 0); /* Create an arrary of pointers to the lines that we want to search. */ maybe_replace_line (); if (hlist) for (i = 0; hlist[i]; i++); /* Allocate space for this many lines, +1 for the current input line, and remember those lines. */ lines = (char **)xmalloc ((1 + (hlen = i)) * sizeof (char *)); for (i = 0; i < hlen; i++) lines[i] = hlist[i]->line; if (saved_line_for_history) lines[i] = saved_line_for_history->line; else { /* Keep track of this so we can free it. */ allocated_line = xmalloc (1 + strlen (rl_line_buffer)); strcpy (allocated_line, &rl_line_buffer[0]); lines[i] = allocated_line; } hlen++; /* The line where we start the search. */ i = orig_line; /* Initialize search parameters. */ search_string = xmalloc (search_string_size = 128); *search_string = '\0'; search_string_index = 0; prev_line_found = (char *)0; /* XXX */ /* Normalize DIRECTION into 1 or -1. */ direction = (direction >= 0) ? 1 : -1; rl_display_search (search_string, reverse, -1); sline = rl_line_buffer; sline_len = strlen (sline); line_index = rl_point; found = failed = 0; while (!done) { Function *f = (Function *)NULL; /* Read a key and decide how to proceed. */ c = rl_read_key (); /* Hack C to Do What I Mean. */ if (_rl_keymap[c].type == ISFUNC) { f = _rl_keymap[c].function; if (f == rl_reverse_search_history) c = reverse ? -1 : -2; else if (f == rl_forward_search_history) c = !reverse ? -1 : -2; } switch (c) { case ESC: done = 1; continue; case -1: if (!search_string_index) continue; else { if (reverse) --line_index; else { if (line_index != sline_len) ++line_index; else ding (); } } break; /* switch directions */ case -2: direction = -direction; reverse = (direction < 0); break; case CTRL ('G'): strcpy (rl_line_buffer, lines[orig_line]); rl_point = orig_point; rl_end = strlen (rl_line_buffer); rl_clear_message (); free (allocated_line); free (lines); return 0; default: if (CTRL_CHAR (c) || META_CHAR (c) || c == RUBOUT) { rl_execute_next (c); done = 1; continue; } else { /* Add character to search string and continue search. */ if (search_string_index + 2 >= search_string_size) { search_string_size += 128; search_string = xrealloc (search_string, search_string_size); } search_string[search_string_index++] = c; search_string[search_string_index] = '\0'; break; } } found = failed = 0; while (1) { int limit = sline_len - search_string_index + 1; /* Search the current line. */ while (reverse ? (line_index >= 0) : (line_index < limit)) { if (STREQN(search_string, sline + line_index, search_string_index)) { found++; break; } else line_index += direction; } if (found) break; /* Move to the next line, but skip new copies of the line we just found and lines shorter than the string we're searching for. */ do { /* Move to the next line. */ i += direction; /* At limit for direction? */ if (reverse ? (i < 0) : (i == hlen)) { failed++; break; } /* We will need these later. */ sline = lines[i]; sline_len = strlen (sline); } while ((prev_line_found && STREQ (prev_line_found, lines[i])) || (search_string_index > sline_len)); if (failed) break; /* Now set up the line for searching... */ if (reverse) line_index = sline_len - search_string_index; else line_index = 0; } if (failed) { /* We cannot find the search string. Ding the bell. */ ding (); i = last_found_line; continue; /* XXX - was break */ } /* We have found the search string. Just display it. But don't actually move there in the history list until the user accepts the location. */ if (found) { int line_len; prev_line_found = lines[i]; line_len = strlen (lines[i]); if (line_len >= rl_line_buffer_len) rl_extend_line_buffer (line_len); strcpy (rl_line_buffer, lines[i]); rl_point = line_index; rl_end = line_len; last_found_line = i; rl_display_search (search_string, reverse, (i == orig_line) ? -1 : i); } } /* The searching is over. The user may have found the string that she was looking for, or else she may have exited a failing search. If LINE_INDEX is -1, then that shows that the string searched for was not found. We use this to determine where to place rl_point. */ /* First put back the original state. */ strcpy (rl_line_buffer, lines[orig_line]); /* Free the search string. */ free (search_string); if (last_found_line < orig_line) rl_get_previous_history (orig_line - last_found_line); else rl_get_next_history (last_found_line - orig_line); /* If the string was not found, put point at the end of the line. */ if (line_index < 0) line_index = strlen (rl_line_buffer); rl_point = line_index; rl_clear_message (); free (allocated_line); free (lines); return 0; } bash-1.14.3/lib/readline/rldefs.h 644 436 0 14737 5612775410 14675 0ustar chetwheel/* rldefs.h -- an attempt to isolate some of the system-specific defines for readline. This should be included after any files that define system-specific constants like _POSIX_VERSION or USG. */ /* Copyright (C) 1987,1989 Free Software Foundation, Inc. This file contains the Readline Library (the Library), a set of routines for providing Emacs style line input to programs that ask for it. The Library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 1, or (at your option) any later version. The Library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details. The GNU General Public License is often shipped with GNU software, and is generally kept in a file called COPYING or LICENSE. If you do not have a copy of the license, write to the Free Software Foundation, 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. */ #if !defined (_RLDEFS_H) #define _RLDEFS_H #if defined (HAVE_CONFIG_H) # include "config.h" #endif #if !defined (PRAGMA_ALLOCA) # include "memalloc.h" #endif #define NEW_TTY_DRIVER #define HAVE_BSD_SIGNALS /* #define USE_XON_XOFF */ #if defined (__linux__) || defined (HAVE_TERMCAP_H) # include #endif /* __linux__ || HAVE_TERMCAP_H */ /* Some USG machines have BSD signal handling (sigblock, sigsetmask, etc.) */ #if defined (USG) && !defined (hpux) # undef HAVE_BSD_SIGNALS #endif /* System V machines use termio. */ #if !defined (_POSIX_VERSION) # if defined (USG) || defined (hpux) || defined (Xenix) || defined (sgi) || \ defined (DGUX) || defined (HAVE_TERMIO_H) # undef NEW_TTY_DRIVER # define TERMIO_TTY_DRIVER # include # if !defined (TCOON) # define TCOON 1 # endif # endif /* USG || hpux || Xenix || sgi || DUGX || HAVE_TERMIO_H */ #endif /* !_POSIX_VERSION */ /* Posix systems use termios and the Posix signal functions. */ #if defined (_POSIX_VERSION) # if !defined (TERMIOS_MISSING) # undef NEW_TTY_DRIVER # define TERMIOS_TTY_DRIVER # include # endif /* !TERMIOS_MISSING */ # define HAVE_POSIX_SIGNALS # if !defined (O_NDELAY) # define O_NDELAY O_NONBLOCK /* Posix-style non-blocking i/o */ # endif /* O_NDELAY */ #endif /* _POSIX_VERSION */ /* System V.3 machines have the old 4.1 BSD `reliable' signal interface. */ #if !defined (HAVE_BSD_SIGNALS) && !defined (HAVE_POSIX_SIGNALS) # if defined (USGr3) && !defined (XENIX_22) # if !defined (HAVE_USG_SIGHOLD) # define HAVE_USG_SIGHOLD # endif /* !HAVE_USG_SIGHOLD */ # endif /* USGr3 && !XENIX_22 */ #endif /* !HAVE_BSD_SIGNALS && !HAVE_POSIX_SIGNALS */ /* Other (BSD) machines use sgtty. */ #if defined (NEW_TTY_DRIVER) # include #endif /* Define _POSIX_VDISABLE if we are not using the `new' tty driver and it is not already defined. It is used both to determine if a special character is disabled and to disable certain special characters. Posix systems should set to 0, USG systems to -1. */ #if !defined (NEW_TTY_DRIVER) && !defined (_POSIX_VDISABLE) # if defined (_POSIX_VERSION) # define _POSIX_VDISABLE 0 # else /* !_POSIX_VERSION */ # define _POSIX_VDISABLE -1 # endif /* !_POSIX_VERSION */ #endif /* !NEW_TTY_DRIVER && !_POSIX_VDISABLE */ #if !defined (SHELL) && (defined (_POSIX_VERSION) || defined (USGr3)) # if !defined (HAVE_DIRENT_H) # define HAVE_DIRENT_H # endif /* !HAVE_DIRENT_H */ #endif /* !SHELL && (_POSIX_VERSION || USGr3) */ #if defined (HAVE_DIRENT_H) # include # define D_NAMLEN(d) strlen ((d)->d_name) #else /* !HAVE_DIRENT_H */ # define D_NAMLEN(d) ((d)->d_namlen) # if defined (USG) # if defined (Xenix) # include # else /* !Xenix (but USG...) */ # include "ndir.h" # endif /* !Xenix */ # else /* !USG */ # include # endif /* !USG */ # if !defined (dirent) # define dirent direct # endif /* !dirent */ #endif /* !HAVE_DIRENT_H */ #if defined (USG) && defined (TIOCGWINSZ) && !defined (Linux) # if defined (HAVE_SYS_STREAM_H) # include # endif /* HAVE_SYS_STREAM_H */ # if defined (HAVE_SYS_PTEM_H) # include # endif /* HAVE_SYS_PTEM_H */ # if defined (HAVE_SYS_PTE_H) # include # endif /* HAVE_SYS_PTE_H */ #endif /* USG && TIOCGWINSZ && !Linux */ /* Posix macro to check file in statbuf for directory-ness. This requires that be included before this test. */ #if defined (S_IFDIR) && !defined (S_ISDIR) # define S_ISDIR(m) (((m)&S_IFMT) == S_IFDIR) #endif /* Decide which flavor of the header file describing the C library string functions to include and include it. */ #if defined (USG) || defined (NeXT) # if !defined (HAVE_STRING_H) # define HAVE_STRING_H # endif /* !HAVE_STRING_H */ #endif /* USG || NeXT */ #if defined (HAVE_STRING_H) # include #else /* !HAVE_STRING_H */ # include #endif /* !HAVE_STRING_H */ #if !defined (strchr) && !defined (__STDC__) extern char *strchr (), *strrchr (); #endif /* !strchr && !__STDC__ */ #if defined (HAVE_VARARGS_H) # include #endif /* HAVE_VARARGS_H */ /* This is needed to include support for TIOCGWINSZ and window resizing. */ #if defined (OSF1) || defined (BSD386) || defined (NetBSD) || \ defined (__BSD_4_4__) || defined (FreeBSD) || defined (_386BSD) || \ defined (AIX) # define GWINSZ_IN_SYS_IOCTL #endif #if !defined (emacs_mode) # define no_mode -1 # define vi_mode 0 # define emacs_mode 1 #endif /* If you cast map[key].function to type (Keymap) on a Cray, the compiler takes the value of map[key].function and divides it by 4 to convert between pointer types (pointers to functions and pointers to structs are different sizes). This is not what is wanted. */ #if defined (CRAY) # define FUNCTION_TO_KEYMAP(map, key) (Keymap)((int)map[key].function) # define KEYMAP_TO_FUNCTION(data) (Function *)((int)(data)) #else # define FUNCTION_TO_KEYMAP(map, key) (Keymap)(map[key].function) # define KEYMAP_TO_FUNCTION(data) (Function *)(data) #endif #ifndef savestring extern char *xmalloc (); #define savestring(x) strcpy (xmalloc (1 + strlen (x)), (x)) #endif /* Possible values for _rl_bell_preference. */ #define NO_BELL 0 #define AUDIBLE_BELL 1 #define VISIBLE_BELL 2 /* CONFIGURATION SECTION */ #include "rlconf.h" #endif /* !_RLDEFS_H */ bash-1.14.3/lib/readline/rlconf.h 664 436 0 4037 5541636747 14665 0ustar chetwheel/* rlconf.h -- readline configuration definitions */ /* Copyright (C) 1994 Free Software Foundation, Inc. This file contains the Readline Library (the Library), a set of routines for providing Emacs style line input to programs that ask for it. The Library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 1, or (at your option) any later version. The Library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details. The GNU General Public License is often shipped with GNU software, and is generally kept in a file called COPYING or LICENSE. If you do not have a copy of the license, write to the Free Software Foundation, 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. */ #if !defined (_RLCONF_H_) #define _RLCONF_H_ /* Define this if you want the vi-mode editing available. */ #define VI_MODE /* Define this to get an indication of file type when listing completions. */ #define VISIBLE_STATS /* If defined, readline shows opening parens and braces when closing paren or brace entered. */ /* #define PAREN_MATCHING */ /* This definition is needed by readline.c, rltty.c, and signals.c. */ /* If on, then readline handles signals in a way that doesn't screw. */ #define HANDLE_SIGNALS /* Ugly but working hack for binding prefix meta. */ #define PREFIX_META_HACK /* The final, last-ditch effort file name for an init file. */ #define DEFAULT_INPUTRC "~/.inputrc" /* If defined, expand tabs to spaces. */ #define DISPLAY_TABS /* If defined, use the terminal escape sequence to move the cursor forward over a character when updating the line rather than rewriting it. */ /* #define HACK_TERMCAP_MOTION */ /* The string inserted by the vi-mode `insert comment' command. */ #define VI_COMMENT_BEGIN_DEFAULT "#" #endif /* _RLCONF_H_ */ bash-1.14.3/lib/readline/parens.c 664 436 0 6600 5602631501 14640 0ustar chetwheel/* parens.c -- Implemenation of matching parenthesis feature. */ /* Copyright (C) 1987, 1989, 1992 Free Software Foundation, Inc. This file is part of the GNU Readline Library, a library for reading lines of text with interactive input and history editing. The GNU Readline Library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 1, or (at your option) any later version. The GNU Readline Library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details. The GNU General Public License is often shipped with GNU software, and is generally kept in a file called COPYING or LICENSE. If you do not have a copy of the license, write to the Free Software Foundation, 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. */ #define READLINE_LIBRARY #include "rlconf.h" #if !defined (PAREN_MATCHING) rl_insert_close (count, invoking_key) int count, invoking_key; { return (rl_insert (count, invoking_key)); } #else /* PAREN_MATCHING */ #include #include #if defined (FD_SET) # include #endif /* FD_SET */ #include "readline.h" extern int rl_explicit_arg; /* Non-zero means try to blink the matching open parenthesis when the close parenthesis is inserted. */ #if defined (FD_SET) int rl_blink_matching_paren = 1; #else /* !FD_SET */ int rl_blink_matching_paren = 0; #endif /* !FD_SET */ static int find_matching_open (); rl_insert_close (count, invoking_key) int count, invoking_key; { if (rl_explicit_arg || !rl_blink_matching_paren) rl_insert (count, invoking_key); else { #if defined (FD_SET) int orig_point, match_point, ready; struct timeval timer; fd_set readfds; rl_insert (1, invoking_key); rl_redisplay (); match_point = find_matching_open (rl_line_buffer, rl_point - 2, invoking_key); /* Emacs might message or ring the bell here, but I don't. */ if (match_point < 0) return -1; FD_ZERO (&readfds); FD_SET (fileno (rl_instream), &readfds); timer.tv_sec = 1; timer.tv_usec = 500; orig_point = rl_point; rl_point = match_point; rl_redisplay (); ready = select (1, &readfds, (fd_set *)NULL, (fd_set *)NULL, &timer); rl_point = orig_point; #else /* !FD_SET */ rl_insert (count, invoking_key); #endif /* !FD_SET */ } return 0; } static int find_matching_open (string, from, closer) char *string; int from, closer; { register int i; int opener, level, delimiter; switch (closer) { case ']': opener = '['; break; case '}': opener = '{'; break; case ')': opener = '('; break; default: return (-1); } level = 1; /* The closer passed in counts as 1. */ delimiter = 0; /* Delimited state unknown. */ for (i = from; i > -1; i--) { if (delimiter && (string[i] == delimiter)) delimiter = 0; else if ((string[i] == '\'') || (string[i] == '"')) delimiter = rl_line_buffer[i]; else if (!delimiter && (string[i] == closer)) level++; else if (!delimiter && (string[i] == opener)) level--; if (!level) break; } return (i); } #endif /* PAREN_MATCHING */ bash-1.14.3/lib/readline/rltty.c 664 436 0 40151 5674127773 14571 0ustar chetwheel/* rltty.c -- functions to prepare and restore the terminal for readline's use. */ /* Copyright (C) 1992 Free Software Foundation, Inc. This file is part of the GNU Readline Library, a library for reading lines of text with interactive input and history editing. The GNU Readline Library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 1, or (at your option) any later version. The GNU Readline Library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details. The GNU General Public License is often shipped with GNU software, and is generally kept in a file called COPYING or LICENSE. If you do not have a copy of the license, write to the Free Software Foundation, 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. */ #define READLINE_LIBRARY #if defined (HAVE_CONFIG_H) # include "config.h" #endif #include #include #include #include #if defined (HAVE_UNISTD_H) # include #endif /* HAVE_UNISTD_H */ #include "rldefs.h" #include "readline.h" #if !defined (errno) extern int errno; #endif /* !errno */ extern int readline_echoing_p; extern int _rl_eof_char; #if defined (__GO32__) # include # undef HANDLE_SIGNALS #endif /* __GO32__ */ /* **************************************************************** */ /* */ /* Signal Management */ /* */ /* **************************************************************** */ #if defined (HAVE_POSIX_SIGNALS) static sigset_t sigint_set, sigint_oset; #else /* !HAVE_POSIX_SIGNALS */ # if defined (HAVE_BSD_SIGNALS) static int sigint_oldmask; # endif /* HAVE_BSD_SIGNALS */ #endif /* !HAVE_POSIX_SIGNALS */ static int sigint_blocked = 0; /* Cause SIGINT to not be delivered until the corresponding call to release_sigint(). */ static void block_sigint () { if (sigint_blocked) return; #if defined (HAVE_POSIX_SIGNALS) sigemptyset (&sigint_set); sigemptyset (&sigint_oset); sigaddset (&sigint_set, SIGINT); sigprocmask (SIG_BLOCK, &sigint_set, &sigint_oset); #else /* !HAVE_POSIX_SIGNALS */ # if defined (HAVE_BSD_SIGNALS) sigint_oldmask = sigblock (sigmask (SIGINT)); # else /* !HAVE_BSD_SIGNALS */ # if defined (HAVE_USG_SIGHOLD) sighold (SIGINT); # endif /* HAVE_USG_SIGHOLD */ # endif /* !HAVE_BSD_SIGNALS */ #endif /* !HAVE_POSIX_SIGNALS */ sigint_blocked = 1; } /* Allow SIGINT to be delivered. */ static void release_sigint () { if (!sigint_blocked) return; #if defined (HAVE_POSIX_SIGNALS) sigprocmask (SIG_SETMASK, &sigint_oset, (sigset_t *)NULL); #else # if defined (HAVE_BSD_SIGNALS) sigsetmask (sigint_oldmask); # else /* !HAVE_BSD_SIGNALS */ # if defined (HAVE_USG_SIGHOLD) sigrelse (SIGINT); # endif /* HAVE_USG_SIGHOLD */ # endif /* !HAVE_BSD_SIGNALS */ #endif /* !HAVE_POSIX_SIGNALS */ sigint_blocked = 0; } /* **************************************************************** */ /* */ /* Controlling the Meta Key and Keypad */ /* */ /* **************************************************************** */ extern int term_has_meta; extern char *term_mm; extern char *term_mo; extern char *term_ks; extern char *term_ke; static int outchar (c) int c; { return putc (c, rl_outstream); } /* Turn on/off the meta key depending on ON. */ static void control_meta_key (on) int on; { if (term_has_meta) { if (on && term_mm) tputs (term_mm, 1, outchar); else if (!on && term_mo) tputs (term_mo, 1, outchar); } } #if 0 static void control_keypad (on) int on; { if (on && term_ks) tputs (term_ks, 1, outchar); else if (!on && term_ke) tputs (term_ke, 1, outchar); } #endif /* **************************************************************** */ /* */ /* Saving and Restoring the TTY */ /* */ /* **************************************************************** */ /* Non-zero means that the terminal is in a prepped state. */ static int terminal_prepped = 0; /* If non-zero, means that this process has called tcflow(fd, TCOOFF) and output is suspended. */ #if defined (__ksr1__) static int ksrflow = 0; #endif #if defined (NEW_TTY_DRIVER) /* Values for the `flags' field of a struct bsdtty. This tells which elements of the struct bsdtty have been fetched from the system and are valid. */ #define SGTTY_SET 0x01 #define LFLAG_SET 0x02 #define TCHARS_SET 0x04 #define LTCHARS_SET 0x08 struct bsdtty { struct sgttyb sgttyb; /* Basic BSD tty driver information. */ int lflag; /* Local mode flags, like LPASS8. */ #if defined (TIOCGETC) struct tchars tchars; /* Terminal special characters, including ^S and ^Q. */ #endif #if defined (TIOCGLTC) struct ltchars ltchars; /* 4.2 BSD editing characters */ #endif int flags; /* Bitmap saying which parts of the struct are valid. */ }; #define TIOTYPE struct bsdtty static TIOTYPE otio; static int get_tty_settings (tty, tiop) int tty; TIOTYPE *tiop; { #if !defined (SHELL) && defined (TIOCGWINSZ) struct winsize w; if (ioctl (tty, TIOCGWINSZ, &w) == 0) (void) ioctl (tty, TIOCSWINSZ, &w); #endif tiop->flags = tiop->lflag = 0; ioctl (tty, TIOCGETP, &(tiop->sgttyb)); tiop->flags |= SGTTY_SET; #if defined (TIOCLGET) ioctl (tty, TIOCLGET, &(tiop->lflag)); tiop->flags |= LFLAG_SET; #endif #if defined (TIOCGETC) ioctl (tty, TIOCGETC, &(tiop->tchars)); tiop->flags |= TCHARS_SET; #endif #if defined (TIOCGLTC) ioctl (tty, TIOCGLTC, &(tiop->ltchars)); tiop->flags |= LTCHARS_SET; #endif return 0; } set_tty_settings (tty, tiop) int tty; TIOTYPE *tiop; { if (tiop->flags & SGTTY_SET) { ioctl (tty, TIOCSETN, &(tiop->sgttyb)); tiop->flags &= ~SGTTY_SET; } readline_echoing_p = 1; #if defined (TIOCLSET) if (tiop->flags & LFLAG_SET) { ioctl (tty, TIOCLSET, &(tiop->lflag)); tiop->flags &= ~LFLAG_SET; } #endif #if defined (TIOCSETC) if (tiop->flags & TCHARS_SET) { ioctl (tty, TIOCSETC, &(tiop->tchars)); tiop->flags &= ~TCHARS_SET; } #endif #if defined (TIOCSLTC) if (tiop->flags & LTCHARS_SET) { ioctl (tty, TIOCSLTC, &(tiop->ltchars)); tiop->flags &= ~LTCHARS_SET; } #endif return 0; } static void prepare_terminal_settings (meta_flag, otio, tiop) int meta_flag; TIOTYPE otio, *tiop; { #if !defined (__GO32__) readline_echoing_p = (otio.sgttyb.sg_flags & ECHO); /* Copy the original settings to the structure we're going to use for our settings. */ tiop->sgttyb = otio.sgttyb; tiop->lflag = otio.lflag; #if defined (TIOCGETC) tiop->tchars = otio.tchars; #endif #if defined (TIOCGLTC) tiop->ltchars = otio.ltchars; #endif tiop->flags = otio.flags; /* First, the basic settings to put us into character-at-a-time, no-echo input mode. */ tiop->sgttyb.sg_flags &= ~(ECHO | CRMOD); tiop->sgttyb.sg_flags |= CBREAK; /* If this terminal doesn't care how the 8th bit is used, then we can use it for the meta-key. If only one of even or odd parity is specified, then the terminal is using parity, and we cannot. */ #if !defined (ANYP) # define ANYP (EVENP | ODDP) #endif if (((otio.sgttyb.sg_flags & ANYP) == ANYP) || ((otio.sgttyb.sg_flags & ANYP) == 0)) { tiop->sgttyb.sg_flags |= ANYP; /* Hack on local mode flags if we can. */ #if defined (TIOCLGET) # if defined (LPASS8) tiop->lflag |= LPASS8; # endif /* LPASS8 */ #endif /* TIOCLGET */ } #if defined (TIOCGETC) # if defined (USE_XON_XOFF) /* Get rid of terminal output start and stop characters. */ tiop->tchars.t_stopc = -1; /* C-s */ tiop->tchars.t_startc = -1; /* C-q */ /* If there is an XON character, bind it to restart the output. */ if (otio.tchars.t_startc != -1) rl_bind_key (otio.tchars.t_startc, rl_restart_output); # endif /* USE_XON_XOFF */ /* If there is an EOF char, bind _rl_eof_char to it. */ if (otio.tchars.t_eofc != -1) _rl_eof_char = otio.tchars.t_eofc; # if defined (NO_KILL_INTR) /* Get rid of terminal-generated SIGQUIT and SIGINT. */ tiop->tchars.t_quitc = -1; /* C-\ */ tiop->tchars.t_intrc = -1; /* C-c */ # endif /* NO_KILL_INTR */ #endif /* TIOCGETC */ #if defined (TIOCGLTC) /* Make the interrupt keys go away. Just enough to make people happy. */ tiop->ltchars.t_dsuspc = -1; /* C-y */ tiop->ltchars.t_lnextc = -1; /* C-v */ #endif /* TIOCGLTC */ #endif /* !__GO32__ */ } #else /* !defined (NEW_TTY_DRIVER) */ #if !defined (VMIN) # define VMIN VEOF #endif #if !defined (VTIME) # define VTIME VEOL #endif #if defined (TERMIOS_TTY_DRIVER) # define TIOTYPE struct termios # define DRAIN_OUTPUT(fd) tcdrain (fd) # define GETATTR(tty, tiop) (tcgetattr (tty, tiop)) # define SETATTR(tty, tiop) (tcsetattr (tty, TCSANOW, tiop)) #else # define TIOTYPE struct termio # define DRAIN_OUTPUT(fd) # define GETATTR(tty, tiop) (ioctl (tty, TCGETA, tiop)) # define SETATTR(tty, tiop) (ioctl (tty, TCSETA, tiop)) #endif /* !TERMIOS_TTY_DRIVER */ static TIOTYPE otio; #if defined (FLUSHO) # define OUTPUT_BEING_FLUSHED(tp) (tp->c_lflag & FLUSHO) #else # define OUTPUT_BEING_FLUSHED(tp) 0 #endif static int get_tty_settings (tty, tiop) int tty; TIOTYPE *tiop; { int ioctl_ret; #if !defined (SHELL) && defined (TIOCGWINSZ) struct winsize w; if (ioctl (tty, TIOCGWINSZ, &w) == 0) (void) ioctl (tty, TIOCSWINSZ, &w); #endif /* Keep looping if output is being flushed after a ^O (or whatever the flush character is). */ while ((ioctl_ret = GETATTR (tty, tiop)) < 0 || OUTPUT_BEING_FLUSHED (tiop)) { if (ioctl_ret < 0 && errno != EINTR) return -1; if (OUTPUT_BEING_FLUSHED (tiop)) continue; errno = 0; } return 0; } static int set_tty_settings (tty, tiop) int tty; TIOTYPE *tiop; { while (SETATTR (tty, tiop) < 0) { if (errno != EINTR) return -1; errno = 0; } #if 0 #if defined (TERMIOS_TTY_DRIVER) # if defined (__ksr1__) if (ksrflow) { ksrflow = 0; tcflow (tty, TCOON); } # else /* !ksr1 */ tcflow (tty, TCOON); /* Simulate a ^Q. */ # endif /* !ksr1 */ #else ioctl (tty, TCXONC, 1); /* Simulate a ^Q. */ #endif /* !TERMIOS_TTY_DRIVER */ #endif return 0; } static void prepare_terminal_settings (meta_flag, otio, tiop) int meta_flag; TIOTYPE otio, *tiop; { readline_echoing_p = (otio.c_lflag & ECHO); tiop->c_lflag &= ~(ICANON | ECHO); if ((unsigned char) otio.c_cc[VEOF] != (unsigned char) _POSIX_VDISABLE) _rl_eof_char = otio.c_cc[VEOF]; #if defined (USE_XON_XOFF) #if defined (IXANY) tiop->c_iflag &= ~(IXON | IXOFF | IXANY); #else /* `strict' Posix systems do not define IXANY. */ tiop->c_iflag &= ~(IXON | IXOFF); #endif /* IXANY */ #endif /* USE_XON_XOFF */ /* Only turn this off if we are using all 8 bits. */ if (((tiop->c_cflag & CSIZE) == CS8) || meta_flag) tiop->c_iflag &= ~(ISTRIP | INPCK); /* Make sure we differentiate between CR and NL on input. */ tiop->c_iflag &= ~(ICRNL | INLCR); #if !defined (HANDLE_SIGNALS) tiop->c_lflag &= ~ISIG; #else tiop->c_lflag |= ISIG; #endif tiop->c_cc[VMIN] = 1; tiop->c_cc[VTIME] = 0; #if defined (FLUSHO) if (OUTPUT_BEING_FLUSHED (tiop)) { tiop->c_lflag &= ~FLUSHO; otio.c_lflag &= ~FLUSHO; } #endif /* Turn off characters that we need on Posix systems with job control, just to be sure. This includes ^Y and ^V. This should not really be necessary. */ #if defined (TERMIOS_TTY_DRIVER) && defined (_POSIX_VDISABLE) #if defined (VLNEXT) tiop->c_cc[VLNEXT] = _POSIX_VDISABLE; #endif #if defined (VDSUSP) tiop->c_cc[VDSUSP] = _POSIX_VDISABLE; #endif #endif /* TERMIOS_TTY_DRIVER && _POSIX_VDISABLE */ } #endif /* NEW_TTY_DRIVER */ /* Put the terminal in CBREAK mode so that we can detect key presses. */ void rl_prep_terminal (meta_flag) int meta_flag; { #if !defined (__GO32__) int tty = fileno (rl_instream); TIOTYPE tio; if (terminal_prepped) return; /* Try to keep this function from being INTerrupted. */ block_sigint (); if (get_tty_settings (tty, &tio) < 0) { release_sigint (); return; } otio = tio; prepare_terminal_settings (meta_flag, otio, &tio); if (set_tty_settings (tty, &tio) < 0) { release_sigint (); return; } control_meta_key (1); #if 0 control_keypad (1); #endif fflush (rl_outstream); terminal_prepped = 1; release_sigint (); #endif /* !__GO32__ */ } /* Restore the terminal's normal settings and modes. */ void rl_deprep_terminal () { #if !defined (__GO32__) int tty = fileno (rl_instream); if (!terminal_prepped) return; /* Try to keep this function from being INTerrupted. */ block_sigint (); control_meta_key (0); #if 0 control_keypad (0); #endif fflush (rl_outstream); if (set_tty_settings (tty, &otio) < 0) { release_sigint (); return; } terminal_prepped = 0; release_sigint (); #endif /* !__GO32__ */ } /* **************************************************************** */ /* */ /* Bogus Flow Control */ /* */ /* **************************************************************** */ rl_restart_output (count, key) int count, key; { int fildes = fileno (rl_outstream); #if defined (TIOCSTART) #if defined (apollo) ioctl (&fildes, TIOCSTART, 0); #else ioctl (fildes, TIOCSTART, 0); #endif /* apollo */ #else /* !TIOCSTART */ # if defined (TERMIOS_TTY_DRIVER) # if defined (__ksr1__) if (ksrflow) { ksrflow = 0; tcflow (fildes, TCOON); } # else /* !ksr1 */ tcflow (fildes, TCOON); /* Simulate a ^Q. */ # endif /* !ksr1 */ # else /* !TERMIOS_TTY_DRIVER */ # if defined (TCXONC) ioctl (fildes, TCXONC, TCOON); # endif /* TCXONC */ # endif /* !TERMIOS_TTY_DRIVER */ #endif /* !TIOCSTART */ return 0; } rl_stop_output (count, key) int count, key; { int fildes = fileno (rl_instream); #if defined (TIOCSTOP) # if defined (apollo) ioctl (&fildes, TIOCSTOP, 0); # else ioctl (fildes, TIOCSTOP, 0); # endif /* apollo */ #else /* !TIOCSTOP */ # if defined (TERMIOS_TTY_DRIVER) # if defined (__ksr1__) ksrflow = 1; # endif /* ksr1 */ tcflow (fildes, TCOOFF); # else # if defined (TCXONC) ioctl (fildes, TCXONC, TCOON); # endif /* TCXONC */ # endif /* !TERMIOS_TTY_DRIVER */ #endif /* !TIOCSTOP */ return 0; } /* **************************************************************** */ /* */ /* Default Key Bindings */ /* */ /* **************************************************************** */ void rltty_set_default_bindings (kmap) Keymap kmap; { TIOTYPE ttybuff; int tty = fileno (rl_instream); #if defined (NEW_TTY_DRIVER) #define SET_SPECIAL(sc, func) \ do \ { \ int ic; \ ic = sc; \ if (ic != -1 && kmap[ic].type == ISFUNC) \ kmap[ic].function = func; \ } \ while (0) if (get_tty_settings (tty, &ttybuff) == 0) { if (ttybuff.flags & SGTTY_SET) { SET_SPECIAL (ttybuff.sgttyb.sg_erase, rl_rubout); SET_SPECIAL (ttybuff.sgttyb.sg_kill, rl_unix_line_discard); } # if defined (TIOCGLTC) if (ttybuff.flags & LTCHARS_SET) { SET_SPECIAL (ttybuff.ltchars.t_werasc, rl_unix_word_rubout); SET_SPECIAL (ttybuff.ltchars.t_lnextc, rl_quoted_insert); } # endif /* TIOCGLTC */ } #else /* !NEW_TTY_DRIVER */ #define SET_SPECIAL(sc, func) \ do \ { \ unsigned char uc; \ uc = ttybuff.c_cc[sc]; \ if (uc != (unsigned char)_POSIX_VDISABLE && kmap[uc].type == ISFUNC) \ kmap[uc].function = func; \ } \ while (0) if (get_tty_settings (tty, &ttybuff) == 0) { SET_SPECIAL (VERASE, rl_rubout); SET_SPECIAL (VKILL, rl_unix_line_discard); # if defined (VLNEXT) && defined (TERMIOS_TTY_DRIVER) SET_SPECIAL (VLNEXT, rl_quoted_insert); # endif /* VLNEXT && TERMIOS_TTY_DRIVER */ # if defined (VWERASE) && defined (TERMIOS_TTY_DRIVER) SET_SPECIAL (VWERASE, rl_unix_word_rubout); # endif /* VWERASE && TERMIOS_TTY_DRIVER */ } #endif /* !NEW_TTY_DRIVER */ } bash-1.14.3/lib/readline/complete.c 664 436 0 113334 5670654713 15242 0ustar chetwheel/* complete.c -- filename completion for readline. */ /* Copyright (C) 1987, 1989, 1992 Free Software Foundation, Inc. This file is part of the GNU Readline Library, a library for reading lines of text with interactive input and history editing. The GNU Readline Library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 1, or (at your option) any later version. The GNU Readline Library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details. The GNU General Public License is often shipped with GNU software, and is generally kept in a file called COPYING or LICENSE. If you do not have a copy of the license, write to the Free Software Foundation, 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. */ #define READLINE_LIBRARY #if defined (HAVE_CONFIG_H) # include "config.h" #endif #include #include #include #if !defined (NO_SYS_FILE) # include #endif /* !NO_SYS_FILE */ #if defined (HAVE_UNISTD_H) # include #endif /* HAVE_UNISTD_H */ #if defined (HAVE_STDLIB_H) # include #else # include "ansi_stdlib.h" #endif /* HAVE_STDLIB_H */ #include /* Not all systems declare ERRNO in errno.h... and some systems #define it! */ #if !defined (errno) extern int errno; #endif /* !errno */ #include #if defined (USG) && !defined (HAVE_GETPW_DECLS) extern struct passwd *getpwent (); #endif /* USG && !HAVE_GETPW_DECLS */ /* ISC systems don't define getpwent() if _POSIX_SOURCE is defined. */ #if defined (isc386) && defined (_POSIX_SOURCE) # if defined (__STDC__) extern struct passwd *getpwent (void); # else extern struct passwd *getpwent (); # endif /* !__STDC__ */ #endif /* isc386 && _POSIX_SOURCE */ #include "posixstat.h" /* System-specific feature definitions and include files. */ #include "rldefs.h" /* Some standard library routines. */ #include "readline.h" /* Possible values for do_replace in rl_complete_internal. */ #define NO_MATCH 0 #define SINGLE_MATCH 1 #define MULT_MATCH 2 #if !defined (strchr) && !defined (__STDC__) extern char *strchr (), *strrchr (); #endif /* !strchr && !__STDC__ */ extern char *tilde_expand (); extern char *rl_copy_text (); extern Function *rl_last_func; extern int rl_editing_mode; extern int screenwidth; /* Forward declarations for functions defined and used in this file. */ char *filename_completion_function (); char **completion_matches (); static int compare_strings (); static char *rl_strpbrk (); #if defined (STATIC_MALLOC) static char *xmalloc (), *xrealloc (); #else extern char *xmalloc (), *xrealloc (); #endif /* STATIC_MALLOC */ /* If non-zero, then this is the address of a function to call when completing on a directory name. The function is called with the address of a string (the current directory name) as an arg. */ Function *rl_directory_completion_hook = (Function *)NULL; /* Non-zero means readline completion functions perform tilde expansion. */ int rl_complete_with_tilde_expansion = 0; /* If non-zero, non-unique completions always show the list of matches. */ int _rl_complete_show_all = 0; #if defined (VISIBLE_STATS) # if !defined (X_OK) # define X_OK 1 # endif static int stat_char (); /* Non-zero means add an additional character to each filename displayed during listing completion iff rl_filename_completion_desired which helps to indicate the type of file being listed. */ int rl_visible_stats = 0; #endif /* VISIBLE_STATS */ /* **************************************************************** */ /* */ /* Completion matching, from readline's point of view. */ /* */ /* **************************************************************** */ /* Pointer to the generator function for completion_matches (). NULL means to use filename_entry_function (), the default filename completer. */ Function *rl_completion_entry_function = (Function *)NULL; /* Pointer to alternative function to create matches. Function is called with TEXT, START, and END. START and END are indices in RL_LINE_BUFFER saying what the boundaries of TEXT are. If this function exists and returns NULL then call the value of rl_completion_entry_function to try to match, otherwise use the array of strings returned. */ CPPFunction *rl_attempted_completion_function = (CPPFunction *)NULL; /* Non-zero means to suppress normal filename completion after the user-specified completion function has been called. */ int rl_attempted_completion_over = 0; /* Local variable states what happened during the last completion attempt. */ static int completion_changed_buffer = 0; /* Complete the word at or before point. You have supplied the function that does the initial simple matching selection algorithm (see completion_matches ()). The default is to do filename completion. */ rl_complete (ignore, invoking_key) int ignore, invoking_key; { if (rl_last_func == rl_complete && !completion_changed_buffer) return (rl_complete_internal ('?')); else if (_rl_complete_show_all) return (rl_complete_internal ('!')); else return (rl_complete_internal (TAB)); } /* List the possible completions. See description of rl_complete (). */ rl_possible_completions (ignore, invoking_key) int ignore, invoking_key; { return (rl_complete_internal ('?')); } rl_insert_completions (ignore, invoking_key) int ignore, invoking_key; { return (rl_complete_internal ('*')); } /* The user must press "y" or "n". Non-zero return means "y" pressed. */ get_y_or_n () { int c; for (;;) { c = rl_read_key (); if (c == 'y' || c == 'Y' || c == ' ') return (1); if (c == 'n' || c == 'N' || c == RUBOUT) return (0); if (c == ABORT_CHAR) rl_abort (); ding (); } } /* Up to this many items will be displayed in response to a possible-completions call. After that, we ask the user if she is sure she wants to see them all. */ int rl_completion_query_items = 100; /* The basic list of characters that signal a break between words for the completer routine. The contents of this variable is what breaks words in the shell, i.e. " \t\n\"\\'`@$><=" */ char *rl_basic_word_break_characters = " \t\n\"\\'`@$><=;|&{("; /* The list of characters that signal a break between words for rl_complete_internal. The default list is the contents of rl_basic_word_break_characters. */ char *rl_completer_word_break_characters = (char *)NULL; /* List of characters which can be used to quote a substring of the line. Completion occurs on the entire substring, and within the substring rl_completer_word_break_characters are treated as any other character, unless they also appear within this list. */ char *rl_completer_quote_characters = (char *)NULL; /* List of characters that are word break characters, but should be left in TEXT when it is passed to the completion function. The shell uses this to help determine what kind of completing to do. */ char *rl_special_prefixes = (char *)NULL; /* If non-zero, then disallow duplicates in the matches. */ int rl_ignore_completion_duplicates = 1; /* Non-zero means that the results of the matches are to be treated as filenames. This is ALWAYS zero on entry, and can only be changed within a completion entry finder function. */ int rl_filename_completion_desired = 0; /* Non-zero means that the results of the matches are to be quoted using double quotes (or an application-specific quoting mechanism) if the filename contains any characters in rl_word_break_chars. This is ALWAYS non-zero on entry, and can only be changed within a completion entry finder function. */ int rl_filename_quoting_desired = 1; /* This function, if defined, is called by the completer when real filename completion is done, after all the matching names have been generated. It is passed a (char**) known as matches in the code below. It consists of a NULL-terminated array of pointers to potential matching strings. The 1st element (matches[0]) is the maximal substring that is common to all matches. This function can re-arrange the list of matches as required, but all elements of the array must be free()'d if they are deleted. The main intent of this function is to implement FIGNORE a la SunOS csh. */ Function *rl_ignore_some_completions_function = (Function *)NULL; #if defined (SHELL) /* A function to strip quotes that are not protected by backquotes. It allows single quotes to appear within double quotes, and vice versa. It should be smarter. It's fairly shell-specific, hence the SHELL definition wrapper. */ static char * _delete_quotes (text) char *text; { char *ret, *p, *r; int l, quoted; l = strlen (text); ret = xmalloc (l + 1); for (quoted = 0, p = text, r = ret; p && *p; p++) { /* Allow backslash-quoted characters to pass through unscathed. */ if (*p == '\\') continue; /* Close quote. */ if (quoted && *p == quoted) { quoted = 0; continue; } /* Open quote. */ if (quoted == 0 && (*p == '\'' || *p == '"')) { quoted = *p; continue; } *r++ = *p; } *r = '\0'; return ret; } #endif /* SHELL */ /* Return the portion of PATHNAME that should be output when listing possible completions. If we are hacking filename completion, we are only interested in the basename, the portion following the final slash. Otherwise, we return what we were passed. */ static char * printable_part (pathname) char *pathname; { char *temp = (char *)NULL; if (rl_filename_completion_desired) temp = strrchr (pathname, '/'); if (!temp) return (pathname); else return (++temp); } /* Output TO_PRINT to rl_outstream. If VISIBLE_STATS is defined and we are using it, check for and output a single character for `special' filenames. Return 1 if we printed an extension character, 0 if not. */ static int print_filename (to_print, full_pathname) char *to_print, *full_pathname; { #if !defined (VISIBLE_STATS) fputs (to_print, rl_outstream); return 0; #else char *s, c, *new_full_pathname; int extension_char = 0, slen, tlen; fputs (to_print, rl_outstream); if (rl_filename_completion_desired && rl_visible_stats) { /* If to_print != full_pathname, to_print is the basename of the path passed. In this case, we try to expand the directory name before checking for the stat character. */ if (to_print != full_pathname) { /* Terminate the directory name. */ c = to_print[-1]; to_print[-1] = '\0'; s = tilde_expand (full_pathname); if (rl_directory_completion_hook) (*rl_directory_completion_hook) (&s); slen = strlen (s); tlen = strlen (to_print); new_full_pathname = xmalloc (slen + tlen + 2); strcpy (new_full_pathname, s); new_full_pathname[slen] = '/'; strcpy (new_full_pathname + slen + 1, to_print); extension_char = stat_char (new_full_pathname); free (new_full_pathname); to_print[-1] = c; } else { s = tilde_expand (full_pathname); extension_char = stat_char (s); } free (s); if (extension_char) putc (extension_char, rl_outstream); return (extension_char != 0); } else return 0; #endif /* VISIBLE_STATS */ } /* Complete the word at or before point. WHAT_TO_DO says what to do with the completion. `?' means list the possible completions. TAB means do standard completion. `*' means insert all of the possible completions. `!' means to do standard completion, and list all possible completions if there is more than one. */ rl_complete_internal (what_to_do) int what_to_do; { char **matches; Function *our_func; int start, scan, end, delimiter = 0, pass_next; char *text, *saved_line_buffer; char *replacement; char quote_char = '\0'; int found_quote = 0; if (rl_line_buffer) saved_line_buffer = savestring (rl_line_buffer); else saved_line_buffer = (char *)NULL; if (rl_completion_entry_function) our_func = rl_completion_entry_function; else our_func = (Function *)filename_completion_function; /* Only the completion entry function can change these. */ rl_filename_completion_desired = 0; rl_filename_quoting_desired = 1; /* We now look backwards for the start of a filename/variable word. */ end = rl_point; if (rl_point) { if (rl_completer_quote_characters) { /* We have a list of characters which can be used in pairs to quote substrings for the completer. Try to find the start of an unclosed quoted substring. */ /* FOUND_QUOTE is set so we know what kind of quotes we found. */ for (scan = pass_next = 0; scan < end; scan++) { if (pass_next) { pass_next = 0; continue; } if (rl_line_buffer[scan] == '\\') { pass_next = 1; found_quote |= 4; continue; } if (quote_char != '\0') { /* Ignore everything until the matching close quote char. */ if (rl_line_buffer[scan] == quote_char) { /* Found matching close. Abandon this substring. */ quote_char = '\0'; rl_point = end; } } else if (strchr (rl_completer_quote_characters, rl_line_buffer[scan])) { /* Found start of a quoted substring. */ quote_char = rl_line_buffer[scan]; rl_point = scan + 1; /* Shell-like quoting conventions. */ if (quote_char == '\'') found_quote |= 1; else if (quote_char == '"') found_quote |= 2; } } } if (rl_point == end) { int quoted = 0; /* We didn't find an unclosed quoted substring upon which to do completion, so use the word break characters to find the substring on which to complete. */ while (--rl_point) { scan = rl_line_buffer[rl_point]; if (strchr (rl_completer_word_break_characters, scan) == 0) continue; #if defined (SHELL) /* Don't let word break characters in quoted substrings break words for the completer. */ if (found_quote && char_is_quoted (rl_line_buffer, rl_point)) continue; #endif /* SHELL */ /* Convoluted code, but it avoids an n^2 algorithm with calls to char_is_quoted. */ break; } } /* If we are at an unquoted word break, then advance past it. */ scan = rl_line_buffer[rl_point]; #if defined (SHELL) if ((found_quote == 0 || char_is_quoted (rl_line_buffer, rl_point) == 0) && strchr (rl_completer_word_break_characters, scan)) #else if (strchr (rl_completer_word_break_characters, scan)) #endif { /* If the character that caused the word break was a quoting character, then remember it as the delimiter. */ if (strchr ("\"'", scan) && (end - rl_point) > 1) delimiter = scan; /* If the character isn't needed to determine something special about what kind of completion to perform, then advance past it. */ if (!rl_special_prefixes || strchr (rl_special_prefixes, scan) == 0) rl_point++; } } /* At this point, we know we have an open quote if quote_char != '\0'. */ start = rl_point; rl_point = end; text = rl_copy_text (start, end); /* If the user wants to TRY to complete, but then wants to give up and use the default completion function, they set the variable rl_attempted_completion_function. */ if (rl_attempted_completion_function) { matches = (*rl_attempted_completion_function) (text, start, end); if (matches || rl_attempted_completion_over) { rl_attempted_completion_over = 0; our_func = (Function *)NULL; goto after_usual_completion; } } #if defined (SHELL) /* Beware -- we're stripping the quotes here. Do this only if we know we are doing filename completion. */ if (found_quote && our_func == (Function *)filename_completion_function) { /* delete single and double quotes */ replacement = _delete_quotes (text); free (text); text = replacement; replacement = (char *)0; } #endif /* SHELL */ matches = completion_matches (text, our_func); after_usual_completion: free (text); if (!matches) ding (); else { register int i; int should_quote; /* It seems to me that in all the cases we handle we would like to ignore duplicate possiblilities. Scan for the text to insert being identical to the other completions. */ if (rl_ignore_completion_duplicates) { char *lowest_common; int j, newlen = 0; char dead_slot; char **temp_array; /* Sort the items. */ /* It is safe to sort this array, because the lowest common denominator found in matches[0] will remain in place. */ for (i = 0; matches[i]; i++) ; /* Try sorting the array without matches[0], since we need it to stay in place no matter what. */ if (i) qsort (matches+1, i-1, sizeof (char *), compare_strings); /* Remember the lowest common denominator for it may be unique. */ lowest_common = savestring (matches[0]); for (i = 0; matches[i + 1]; i++) { if (strcmp (matches[i], matches[i + 1]) == 0) { free (matches[i]); matches[i] = (char *)&dead_slot; } else newlen++; } /* We have marked all the dead slots with (char *)&dead_slot. Copy all the non-dead entries into a new array. */ temp_array = (char **)xmalloc ((3 + newlen) * sizeof (char *)); for (i = j = 1; matches[i]; i++) { if (matches[i] != (char *)&dead_slot) temp_array[j++] = matches[i]; } temp_array[j] = (char *)NULL; if (matches[0] != (char *)&dead_slot) free (matches[0]); free (matches); matches = temp_array; /* Place the lowest common denominator back in [0]. */ matches[0] = lowest_common; /* If there is one string left, and it is identical to the lowest common denominator, then the LCD is the string to insert. */ if (j == 2 && strcmp (matches[0], matches[1]) == 0) { free (matches[1]); matches[1] = (char *)NULL; } } switch (what_to_do) { case TAB: case '!': /* If we are matching filenames, then here is our chance to do clever processing by re-examining the list. Call the ignore function with the array as a parameter. It can munge the array, deleting matches as it desires. */ if (rl_ignore_some_completions_function && our_func == (Function *)filename_completion_function) (void)(*rl_ignore_some_completions_function)(matches); /* If we are doing completion on quoted substrings, and any matches contain any of the completer_word_break_characters, then auto- matically prepend the substring with a quote character (just pick the first one from the list of such) if it does not already begin with a quote string. FIXME: Need to remove any such automatically inserted quote character when it no longer is necessary, such as if we change the string we are completing on and the new set of matches don't require a quoted substring. */ replacement = matches[0]; should_quote = matches[0] && rl_completer_quote_characters && rl_filename_completion_desired && rl_filename_quoting_desired; if (should_quote) #if defined (SHELL) should_quote = should_quote && (!quote_char || quote_char == '"'); #else should_quote = should_quote && !quote_char; #endif if (should_quote) { int do_replace; do_replace = NO_MATCH; /* If there is a single match, see if we need to quote it. This also checks whether the common prefix of several matches needs to be quoted. If the common prefix should not be checked, add !matches[1] to the if clause. */ should_quote = rl_strpbrk (matches[0], rl_completer_word_break_characters) != 0; #if defined (SHELL) should_quote = should_quote || rl_strpbrk (matches[0], "#$`") != 0; #endif if (should_quote) do_replace = matches[1] ? MULT_MATCH : SINGLE_MATCH; if (do_replace != NO_MATCH) { #if defined (SHELL) /* Quote the replacement, since we found an embedded word break character in a potential match. */ char *rtext, *mtext; int rlen; extern char *double_quote (); /* in builtins/common.c */ /* If DO_REPLACE == MULT_MATCH, it means that there is more than one match. In this case, we do not add the closing quote or attempt to perform tilde expansion. If DO_REPLACE == SINGLE_MATCH, we try to perform tilde expansion, because double quotes inhibit tilde expansion by the shell. */ mtext = matches[0]; if (mtext[0] == '~' && do_replace == SINGLE_MATCH) mtext = tilde_expand (matches[0]); rtext = double_quote (mtext); if (mtext != matches[0]) free (mtext); rlen = strlen (rtext); replacement = xmalloc (rlen + 1); /* If we're completing on a quoted string where the user has already supplied the opening quote, we don't want the quote in the replacement text, and we reset QUOTE_CHAR to 0 to avoid an extra closing quote. */ if (quote_char == '"') { strcpy (replacement, rtext + 1); rlen--; quote_char = 0; } else strcpy (replacement, rtext); if (do_replace == MULT_MATCH) replacement[rlen - 1] = '\0'; free (rtext); #else /* !SHELL */ /* Found an embedded word break character in a potential match, so we need to prepend a quote character if we are replacing the completion string. */ replacement = xmalloc (strlen (matches[0]) + 2); quote_char = *rl_completer_quote_characters; *replacement = quote_char; strcpy (replacement + 1, matches[0]); #endif /* SHELL */ } } if (replacement) { rl_begin_undo_group (); rl_delete_text (start, rl_point); rl_point = start; rl_insert_text (replacement); rl_end_undo_group (); if (replacement != matches[0]) free (replacement); } /* If there are more matches, ring the bell to indicate. If this was the only match, and we are hacking files, check the file to see if it was a directory. If so, add a '/' to the name. If not, and we are at the end of the line, then add a space. */ if (matches[1]) { if (what_to_do == '!') goto display_matches; /* XXX */ else if (rl_editing_mode != vi_mode) ding (); /* There are other matches remaining. */ } else { char temp_string[4]; int temp_string_index = 0; if (quote_char) temp_string[temp_string_index++] = quote_char; temp_string[temp_string_index++] = delimiter ? delimiter : ' '; temp_string[temp_string_index++] = '\0'; if (rl_filename_completion_desired) { struct stat finfo; char *filename = tilde_expand (matches[0]); if ((stat (filename, &finfo) == 0) && S_ISDIR (finfo.st_mode)) { if (rl_line_buffer[rl_point] != '/') rl_insert_text ("/"); } else { if (rl_point == rl_end) rl_insert_text (temp_string); } free (filename); } else { if (rl_point == rl_end) rl_insert_text (temp_string); } } break; case '*': { int i = 1; rl_begin_undo_group (); rl_delete_text (start, rl_point); rl_point = start; if (matches[1]) { while (matches[i]) { rl_insert_text (matches[i++]); rl_insert_text (" "); } } else { rl_insert_text (matches[0]); rl_insert_text (" "); } rl_end_undo_group (); } break; case '?': { int len, count, limit, max; int j, k, l; /* Handle simple case first. What if there is only one answer? */ if (!matches[1]) { char *temp; temp = printable_part (matches[0]); crlf (); print_filename (temp, matches[0]); crlf (); goto restart; } /* There is more than one answer. Find out how many there are, and find out what the maximum printed length of a single entry is. */ display_matches: for (max = 0, i = 1; matches[i]; i++) { char *temp; int name_length; temp = printable_part (matches[i]); name_length = strlen (temp); if (name_length > max) max = name_length; } len = i - 1; /* If there are many items, then ask the user if she really wants to see them all. */ if (len >= rl_completion_query_items) { crlf (); fprintf (rl_outstream, "There are %d possibilities. Do you really", len); crlf (); fprintf (rl_outstream, "wish to see them all? (y or n)"); fflush (rl_outstream); if (!get_y_or_n ()) { crlf (); goto restart; } } /* How many items of MAX length can we fit in the screen window? */ max += 2; limit = screenwidth / max; if (limit != 1 && (limit * max == screenwidth)) limit--; /* Avoid a possible floating exception. If max > screenwidth, limit will be 0 and a divide-by-zero fault will result. */ if (limit == 0) limit = 1; /* How many iterations of the printing loop? */ count = (len + (limit - 1)) / limit; /* Watch out for special case. If LEN is less than LIMIT, then just do the inner printing loop. 0 < len <= limit implies count = 1. */ /* Sort the items if they are not already sorted. */ if (!rl_ignore_completion_duplicates) qsort (matches + 1, len - 1, sizeof (char *), compare_strings); /* Print the sorted items, up-and-down alphabetically, like ls might. */ crlf (); for (i = 1; i <= count; i++) { for (j = 0, l = i; j < limit; j++) { if (l > len || !matches[l]) break; else { char *temp; int printed_length; temp = printable_part (matches[l]); printed_length = strlen (temp); printed_length += print_filename (temp, matches[l]); if (j + 1 < limit) { for (k = 0; k < max - printed_length; k++) putc (' ', rl_outstream); } } l += count; } crlf (); } restart: rl_on_new_line (); } break; default: fprintf (stderr, "\r\nreadline: bad value for what_to_do in rl_complete\n"); abort (); } for (i = 0; matches[i]; i++) free (matches[i]); free (matches); } /* Check to see if the line has changed through all of this manipulation. */ if (saved_line_buffer) { if (strcmp (rl_line_buffer, saved_line_buffer) != 0) completion_changed_buffer = 1; else completion_changed_buffer = 0; free (saved_line_buffer); } return 0; } #if defined (VISIBLE_STATS) /* Return the character which best describes FILENAME. `@' for symbolic links `/' for directories `*' for executables `=' for sockets */ static int stat_char (filename) char *filename; { struct stat finfo; int character, r; #if defined (S_ISLNK) r = lstat (filename, &finfo); #else r = stat (filename, &finfo); #endif if (r == -1) return (0); character = 0; if (S_ISDIR (finfo.st_mode)) character = '/'; #if defined (S_ISLNK) else if (S_ISLNK (finfo.st_mode)) character = '@'; #endif /* S_ISLNK */ #if defined (S_ISSOCK) else if (S_ISSOCK (finfo.st_mode)) character = '='; #endif /* S_ISSOCK */ else if (S_ISREG (finfo.st_mode)) { if (access (filename, X_OK) == 0) character = '*'; } return (character); } #endif /* VISIBLE_STATS */ /* Stupid comparison routine for qsort () ing strings. */ static int compare_strings (s1, s2) char **s1, **s2; { int result; result = **s1 - **s2; if (result == 0) result = strcmp (*s1, *s2); return result; } /* A completion function for usernames. TEXT contains a partial username preceded by a random character (usually `~'). */ char * username_completion_function (text, state) int state; char *text; { #if defined (__GO32__) return (char *)NULL; #else /* !__GO32__ */ static char *username = (char *)NULL; static struct passwd *entry; static int namelen, first_char, first_char_loc; if (!state) { if (username) free (username); first_char = *text; if (first_char == '~') first_char_loc = 1; else first_char_loc = 0; username = savestring (&text[first_char_loc]); namelen = strlen (username); setpwent (); } while (entry = getpwent ()) { /* Null usernames should result in all users as possible completions. */ if (namelen == 0) break; else if ((username[0] == entry->pw_name[0]) && (strncmp (username, entry->pw_name, namelen) == 0)) break; } if (!entry) { endpwent (); return ((char *)NULL); } else { char *value = xmalloc (2 + strlen (entry->pw_name)); *value = *text; strcpy (value + first_char_loc, entry->pw_name); if (first_char == '~') rl_filename_completion_desired = 1; return (value); } #endif /* !__GO32__ */ } /* **************************************************************** */ /* */ /* Completion */ /* */ /* **************************************************************** */ /* Non-zero means that case is not significant in completion. */ int completion_case_fold = 0; /* Return an array of (char *) which is a list of completions for TEXT. If there are no completions, return a NULL pointer. The first entry in the returned array is the substitution for TEXT. The remaining entries are the possible completions. The array is terminated with a NULL pointer. ENTRY_FUNCTION is a function of two args, and returns a (char *). The first argument is TEXT. The second is a state argument; it should be zero on the first call, and non-zero on subsequent calls. It returns a NULL pointer to the caller when there are no more matches. */ char ** completion_matches (text, entry_function) char *text; CPFunction *entry_function; { /* Number of slots in match_list. */ int match_list_size; /* The list of matches. */ char **match_list = (char **)xmalloc (((match_list_size = 10) + 1) * sizeof (char *)); /* Number of matches actually found. */ int matches = 0; /* Temporary string binder. */ char *string; match_list[1] = (char *)NULL; while (string = (*entry_function) (text, matches)) { if (matches + 1 == match_list_size) match_list = (char **)xrealloc (match_list, ((match_list_size += 10) + 1) * sizeof (char *)); match_list[++matches] = string; match_list[matches + 1] = (char *)NULL; } /* If there were any matches, then look through them finding out the lowest common denominator. That then becomes match_list[0]. */ if (matches) { register int i = 1; int low = 100000; /* Count of max-matched characters. */ /* If only one match, just use that. */ if (matches == 1) { match_list[0] = match_list[1]; match_list[1] = (char *)NULL; } else { /* Otherwise, compare each member of the list with the next, finding out where they stop matching. */ while (i < matches) { register int c1, c2, si; if (completion_case_fold) { for (si = 0; (c1 = to_lower(match_list[i][si])) && (c2 = to_lower(match_list[i + 1][si])); si++) if (c1 != c2) break; } else { for (si = 0; (c1 = match_list[i][si]) && (c2 = match_list[i + 1][si]); si++) if (c1 != c2) break; } if (low > si) low = si; i++; } match_list[0] = xmalloc (low + 1); strncpy (match_list[0], match_list[1], low); match_list[0][low] = '\0'; } } else /* There were no matches. */ { free (match_list); match_list = (char **)NULL; } return (match_list); } /* Okay, now we write the entry_function for filename completion. In the general case. Note that completion in the shell is a little different because of all the pathnames that must be followed when looking up the completion for a command. */ char * filename_completion_function (text, state) int state; char *text; { static DIR *directory; static char *filename = (char *)NULL; static char *dirname = (char *)NULL; static char *users_dirname = (char *)NULL; static int filename_len; struct dirent *entry = (struct dirent *)NULL; /* If we don't have any state, then do some initialization. */ if (!state) { char *temp; if (dirname) free (dirname); if (filename) free (filename); if (users_dirname) free (users_dirname); filename = savestring (text); if (!*text) text = "."; dirname = savestring (text); temp = strrchr (dirname, '/'); if (temp) { strcpy (filename, ++temp); *temp = '\0'; } else strcpy (dirname, "."); /* We aren't done yet. We also support the "~user" syntax. */ /* Save the version of the directory that the user typed. */ users_dirname = savestring (dirname); { char *temp_dirname; int replace_dirname; temp_dirname = tilde_expand (dirname); free (dirname); dirname = temp_dirname; replace_dirname = 0; if (rl_directory_completion_hook) replace_dirname = (*rl_directory_completion_hook) (&dirname); if (replace_dirname) { free (users_dirname); users_dirname = savestring (dirname); } } directory = opendir (dirname); filename_len = strlen (filename); rl_filename_completion_desired = 1; } /* At this point we should entertain the possibility of hacking wildcarded filenames, like /usr/man/man/te. If the directory name contains globbing characters, then build an array of directories, and then map over that list while completing. */ /* *** UNIMPLEMENTED *** */ /* Now that we have some state, we can read the directory. */ while (directory && (entry = readdir (directory))) { /* Special case for no filename. All entries except "." and ".." match. */ if (!filename_len) { if ((strcmp (entry->d_name, ".") != 0) && (strcmp (entry->d_name, "..") != 0)) break; } else { /* Otherwise, if these match up to the length of filename, then it is a match. */ if ((entry->d_name[0] == filename[0]) && (((int)D_NAMLEN (entry)) >= filename_len) && (strncmp (filename, entry->d_name, filename_len) == 0)) break; } } if (!entry) { if (directory) { closedir (directory); directory = (DIR *)NULL; } if (dirname) { free (dirname); dirname = (char *)NULL; } if (filename) { free (filename); filename = (char *)NULL; } if (users_dirname) { free (users_dirname); users_dirname = (char *)NULL; } return (char *)NULL; } else { char *temp; /* dirname && (strcmp (dirname, ".") != 0) */ if (dirname && (dirname[0] != '.' || dirname[1])) { if (rl_complete_with_tilde_expansion && *users_dirname == '~') { int dirlen = strlen (dirname); temp = xmalloc (2 + dirlen + D_NAMLEN (entry)); strcpy (temp, dirname); /* Canonicalization cuts off any final slash present. We need to add it back. */ if (dirname[dirlen - 1] != '/') { temp[dirlen] = '/'; temp[dirlen + 1] = '\0'; } } else { temp = xmalloc (1 + strlen (users_dirname) + D_NAMLEN (entry)); strcpy (temp, users_dirname); } strcat (temp, entry->d_name); } else temp = (savestring (entry->d_name)); return (temp); } } /* A function for simple tilde expansion. */ int rl_tilde_expand (ignore, key) int ignore, key; { register int start, end; char *homedir; end = rl_point; start = end - 1; if (rl_point == rl_end && rl_line_buffer[rl_point] == '~') { homedir = tilde_expand ("~"); goto insert; } else if (rl_line_buffer[start] != '~') { for (; !whitespace (rl_line_buffer[start]) && start >= 0; start--); start++; } end = start; do { end++; } while (!whitespace (rl_line_buffer[end]) && end < rl_end); if (whitespace (rl_line_buffer[end]) || end >= rl_end) end--; /* If the first character of the current word is a tilde, perform tilde expansion and insert the result. If not a tilde, do nothing. */ if (rl_line_buffer[start] == '~') { char *temp; int len; len = end - start + 1; temp = xmalloc (len + 1); strncpy (temp, rl_line_buffer + start, len); temp[len] = '\0'; homedir = tilde_expand (temp); free (temp); insert: rl_begin_undo_group (); rl_delete_text (start, end + 1); rl_point = start; rl_insert_text (homedir); rl_end_undo_group (); } return (0); } /* Find the first occurrence in STRING1 of any character from STRING2. Return a pointer to the character in STRING1. */ static char * rl_strpbrk (string1, string2) char *string1, *string2; { register char *scan; for (; *string1; string1++) { for (scan = string2; *scan; scan++) { if (*string1 == *scan) { return (string1); } } } return ((char *)NULL); } #if defined (STATIC_MALLOC) /* **************************************************************** */ /* */ /* xmalloc and xrealloc () */ /* */ /* **************************************************************** */ static void memory_error_and_abort (); static char * xmalloc (bytes) int bytes; { char *temp = (char *)malloc (bytes); if (!temp) memory_error_and_abort (); return (temp); } static char * xrealloc (pointer, bytes) char *pointer; int bytes; { char *temp; if (!pointer) temp = (char *)malloc (bytes); else temp = (char *)realloc (pointer, bytes); if (!temp) memory_error_and_abort (); return (temp); } static void memory_error_and_abort () { fprintf (stderr, "readline: Out of virtual memory!\n"); abort (); } #endif /* STATIC_MALLOC */ bash-1.14.3/lib/readline/bind.c 664 436 0 106213 5613310545 14331 0ustar chetwheel/* bind.c -- key binding and startup file support for the readline library. */ /* Copyright (C) 1987, 1989, 1992 Free Software Foundation, Inc. This file is part of the GNU Readline Library, a library for reading lines of text with interactive input and history editing. The GNU Readline Library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 1, or (at your option) any later version. The GNU Readline Library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details. The GNU General Public License is often shipped with GNU software, and is generally kept in a file called COPYING or LICENSE. If you do not have a copy of the license, write to the Free Software Foundation, 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. */ #define READLINE_LIBRARY #include #include #include #if !defined (NO_SYS_FILE) # include #endif /* !NO_SYS_FILE */ #include #if defined (HAVE_UNISTD_H) # include #endif /* HAVE_UNISTD_H */ #if defined (HAVE_STDLIB_H) # include #else # include "ansi_stdlib.h" #endif /* HAVE_STDLIB_H */ #include /* Not all systems declare ERRNO in errno.h... and some systems #define it! */ #if !defined (errno) extern int errno; #endif /* !errno */ #include "posixstat.h" /* System-specific feature definitions and include files. */ #include "rldefs.h" /* Some standard library routines. */ #include "readline.h" #include "history.h" #if !defined (strchr) && !defined (__STDC__) extern char *strchr (), *strrchr (); #endif /* !strchr && !__STDC__ */ extern int _rl_horizontal_scroll_mode; extern int _rl_mark_modified_lines; extern int _rl_bell_preference; extern int _rl_meta_flag; extern int _rl_convert_meta_chars_to_ascii; extern int _rl_output_meta_chars; extern int _rl_complete_show_all; #if defined (PAREN_MATCHING) extern int rl_blink_matching_paren; #endif /* PAREN_MATCHING */ #if defined (VISIBLE_STATS) extern int rl_visible_stats; #endif /* VISIBLE_STATS */ extern int rl_complete_with_tilde_expansion; extern int rl_completion_query_items; #if defined (VI_MODE) extern char *rl_vi_comment_begin; #endif extern int rl_explicit_arg; extern int rl_editing_mode; extern unsigned short _rl_parsing_conditionalized_out; extern Keymap _rl_keymap; extern char *possible_control_prefixes[], *possible_meta_prefixes[]; extern char **rl_funmap_names (); /* Forward declarations */ void rl_set_keymap_from_edit_mode (); static int glean_key_from_name (); #if defined (HAVE_STRCASECMP) #define stricmp strcasecmp #define strnicmp strncasecmp #else static int stricmp (), strnicmp (); #endif #if defined (STATIC_MALLOC) static char *xmalloc (), *xrealloc (); #else extern char *xmalloc (), *xrealloc (); #endif /* STATIC_MALLOC */ /* **************************************************************** */ /* */ /* Binding keys */ /* */ /* **************************************************************** */ /* rl_add_defun (char *name, Function *function, int key) Add NAME to the list of named functions. Make FUNCTION be the function that gets called. If KEY is not -1, then bind it. */ rl_add_defun (name, function, key) char *name; Function *function; int key; { if (key != -1) rl_bind_key (key, function); rl_add_funmap_entry (name, function); return 0; } /* Bind KEY to FUNCTION. Returns non-zero if KEY is out of range. */ int rl_bind_key (key, function) int key; Function *function; { if (key < 0) return (key); if (META_CHAR (key) && _rl_convert_meta_chars_to_ascii) { if (_rl_keymap[ESC].type == ISKMAP) { Keymap escmap; escmap = FUNCTION_TO_KEYMAP (_rl_keymap, ESC); key = UNMETA (key); escmap[key].type = ISFUNC; escmap[key].function = function; return (0); } return (key); } _rl_keymap[key].type = ISFUNC; _rl_keymap[key].function = function; return (0); } /* Bind KEY to FUNCTION in MAP. Returns non-zero in case of invalid KEY. */ int rl_bind_key_in_map (key, function, map) int key; Function *function; Keymap map; { int result; Keymap oldmap = _rl_keymap; _rl_keymap = map; result = rl_bind_key (key, function); _rl_keymap = oldmap; return (result); } /* Make KEY do nothing in the currently selected keymap. Returns non-zero in case of error. */ int rl_unbind_key (key) int key; { return (rl_bind_key (key, (Function *)NULL)); } /* Make KEY do nothing in MAP. Returns non-zero in case of error. */ int rl_unbind_key_in_map (key, map) int key; Keymap map; { return (rl_bind_key_in_map (key, (Function *)NULL, map)); } /* Bind the key sequence represented by the string KEYSEQ to FUNCTION. This makes new keymaps as necessary. The initial place to do bindings is in MAP. */ rl_set_key (keyseq, function, map) char *keyseq; Function *function; Keymap map; { return (rl_generic_bind (ISFUNC, keyseq, function, map)); } /* Bind the key sequence represented by the string KEYSEQ to the string of characters MACRO. This makes new keymaps as necessary. The initial place to do bindings is in MAP. */ rl_macro_bind (keyseq, macro, map) char *keyseq, *macro; Keymap map; { char *macro_keys; int macro_keys_len; macro_keys = (char *)xmalloc ((2 * strlen (macro)) + 1); if (rl_translate_keyseq (macro, macro_keys, ¯o_keys_len)) { free (macro_keys); return -1; } rl_generic_bind (ISMACR, keyseq, macro_keys, map); return 0; } /* Bind the key sequence represented by the string KEYSEQ to the arbitrary pointer DATA. TYPE says what kind of data is pointed to by DATA, right now this can be a function (ISFUNC), a macro (ISMACR), or a keymap (ISKMAP). This makes new keymaps as necessary. The initial place to do bindings is in MAP. */ rl_generic_bind (type, keyseq, data, map) int type; char *keyseq, *data; Keymap map; { char *keys; int keys_len; register int i; /* If no keys to bind to, exit right away. */ if (!keyseq || !*keyseq) { if (type == ISMACR) free (data); return -1; } keys = xmalloc (1 + (2 * strlen (keyseq))); /* Translate the ASCII representation of KEYSEQ into an array of characters. Stuff the characters into KEYS, and the length of KEYS into KEYS_LEN. */ if (rl_translate_keyseq (keyseq, keys, &keys_len)) { free (keys); return -1; } /* Bind keys, making new keymaps as necessary. */ for (i = 0; i < keys_len; i++) { int ic = (int) ((unsigned char)keys[i]); if (_rl_convert_meta_chars_to_ascii && META_CHAR (ic)) { ic = UNMETA (ic); if (map[ESC].type == ISKMAP) map = FUNCTION_TO_KEYMAP (map, ESC); } if ((i + 1) < keys_len) { if (map[ic].type != ISKMAP) { if (map[ic].type == ISMACR) free ((char *)map[ic].function); map[ic].type = ISKMAP; map[ic].function = KEYMAP_TO_FUNCTION (rl_make_bare_keymap()); } map = FUNCTION_TO_KEYMAP (map, ic); } else { if (map[ic].type == ISMACR) free ((char *)map[ic].function); map[ic].function = KEYMAP_TO_FUNCTION (data); map[ic].type = type; } } free (keys); return 0; } /* Translate the ASCII representation of SEQ, stuffing the values into ARRAY, an array of characters. LEN gets the final length of ARRAY. Return non-zero if there was an error parsing SEQ. */ rl_translate_keyseq (seq, array, len) char *seq, *array; int *len; { register int i, c, l = 0; for (i = 0; c = seq[i]; i++) { if (c == '\\') { c = seq[++i]; if (!c) break; if (((c == 'C' || c == 'M') && seq[i + 1] == '-') || (c == 'e')) { /* Handle special case of backwards define. */ if (strncmp (&seq[i], "C-\\M-", 5) == 0) { array[l++] = ESC; i += 5; array[l++] = CTRL (to_upper (seq[i])); if (!seq[i]) i--; continue; } switch (c) { case 'M': i++; array[l++] = ESC; break; case 'C': i += 2; /* Special hack for C-?... */ if (seq[i] == '?') array[l++] = RUBOUT; else array[l++] = CTRL (to_upper (seq[i])); break; case 'e': array[l++] = ESC; } continue; } } array[l++] = c; } *len = l; array[l] = '\0'; return (0); } /* Return a pointer to the function that STRING represents. If STRING doesn't have a matching function, then a NULL pointer is returned. */ Function * rl_named_function (string) char *string; { register int i; rl_initialize_funmap (); for (i = 0; funmap[i]; i++) if (stricmp (funmap[i]->name, string) == 0) return (funmap[i]->function); return ((Function *)NULL); } /* Return the function (or macro) definition which would be invoked via KEYSEQ if executed in MAP. If MAP is NULL, then the current keymap is used. TYPE, if non-NULL, is a pointer to an int which will receive the type of the object pointed to. One of ISFUNC (function), ISKMAP (keymap), or ISMACR (macro). */ Function * rl_function_of_keyseq (keyseq, map, type) char *keyseq; Keymap map; int *type; { register int i; if (!map) map = _rl_keymap; for (i = 0; keyseq && keyseq[i]; i++) { int ic = keyseq[i]; if (META_CHAR (ic) && _rl_convert_meta_chars_to_ascii) { if (map[ESC].type != ISKMAP) { if (type) *type = map[ESC].type; return (map[ESC].function); } else { map = FUNCTION_TO_KEYMAP (map, ESC); ic = UNMETA (ic); } } if (map[ic].type == ISKMAP) { /* If this is the last key in the key sequence, return the map. */ if (!keyseq[i + 1]) { if (type) *type = ISKMAP; return (map[ic].function); } else map = FUNCTION_TO_KEYMAP (map, ic); } else { if (type) *type = map[ic].type; return (map[ic].function); } } return ((Function *) NULL); } /* The last key bindings file read. */ static char *last_readline_init_file = (char *)NULL; /* Re-read the current keybindings file. */ rl_re_read_init_file (count, ignore) int count, ignore; { int r; r = rl_read_init_file ((char *)NULL); rl_set_keymap_from_edit_mode (); return r; } /* Do key bindings from a file. If FILENAME is NULL it defaults to the first non-null filename from this list: 1. the filename used for the previous call 2. the value of the shell variable `INPUTRC' 3. ~/.inputrc If the file existed and could be opened and read, 0 is returned, otherwise errno is returned. */ int rl_read_init_file (filename) char *filename; { register int i; char *buffer, *openname, *line, *end; struct stat finfo; int file; /* Default the filename. */ if (!filename) { filename = last_readline_init_file; if (!filename) filename = getenv ("INPUTRC"); if (!filename) filename = DEFAULT_INPUTRC; } if (!*filename) filename = DEFAULT_INPUTRC; openname = tilde_expand (filename); if ((stat (openname, &finfo) < 0) || (file = open (openname, O_RDONLY, 0666)) < 0) { free (openname); return (errno); } else free (openname); if (filename != last_readline_init_file) { if (last_readline_init_file) free (last_readline_init_file); last_readline_init_file = savestring (filename); } /* Read the file into BUFFER. */ buffer = (char *)xmalloc ((int)finfo.st_size + 1); i = read (file, buffer, finfo.st_size); close (file); if (i != finfo.st_size) return (errno); /* Loop over the lines in the file. Lines that start with `#' are comments; all other lines are commands for readline initialization. */ line = buffer; end = buffer + finfo.st_size; while (line < end) { /* Find the end of this line. */ for (i = 0; line + i != end && line[i] != '\n'; i++); /* Mark end of line. */ line[i] = '\0'; /* Skip leading whitespace. */ while (*line && whitespace (*line)) { line++; i--; } /* If the line is not a comment, then parse it. */ if (*line && *line != '#') rl_parse_and_bind (line); /* Move to the next line. */ line += i + 1; } free (buffer); return (0); } /* **************************************************************** */ /* */ /* Parser Directives */ /* */ /* **************************************************************** */ /* Conditionals. */ /* Calling programs set this to have their argv[0]. */ char *rl_readline_name = "other"; /* Stack of previous values of parsing_conditionalized_out. */ static unsigned char *if_stack = (unsigned char *)NULL; static int if_stack_depth = 0; static int if_stack_size = 0; /* Push _rl_parsing_conditionalized_out, and set parser state based on ARGS. */ static int parser_if (args) char *args; { register int i; /* Push parser state. */ if (if_stack_depth + 1 >= if_stack_size) { if (!if_stack) if_stack = (unsigned char *)xmalloc (if_stack_size = 20); else if_stack = (unsigned char *)xrealloc (if_stack, if_stack_size += 20); } if_stack[if_stack_depth++] = _rl_parsing_conditionalized_out; /* If parsing is turned off, then nothing can turn it back on except for finding the matching endif. In that case, return right now. */ if (_rl_parsing_conditionalized_out) return 0; /* Isolate first argument. */ for (i = 0; args[i] && !whitespace (args[i]); i++); if (args[i]) args[i++] = '\0'; /* Handle "if term=foo" and "if mode=emacs" constructs. If this isn't term=foo, or mode=emacs, then check to see if the first word in ARGS is the same as the value stored in rl_readline_name. */ if (rl_terminal_name && strnicmp (args, "term=", 5) == 0) { char *tem, *tname; /* Terminals like "aaa-60" are equivalent to "aaa". */ tname = savestring (rl_terminal_name); tem = strchr (tname, '-'); if (tem) *tem = '\0'; /* Test the `long' and `short' forms of the terminal name so that if someone has a `sun-cmd' and does not want to have bindings that will be executed if the terminal is a `sun', they can put `$if term=sun-cmd' into their .inputrc. */ if ((stricmp (args + 5, tname) == 0) || (stricmp (args + 5, rl_terminal_name) == 0)) _rl_parsing_conditionalized_out = 0; else _rl_parsing_conditionalized_out = 1; free (tname); } #if defined (VI_MODE) else if (strnicmp (args, "mode=", 5) == 0) { int mode; if (stricmp (args + 5, "emacs") == 0) mode = emacs_mode; else if (stricmp (args + 5, "vi") == 0) mode = vi_mode; else mode = no_mode; if (mode == rl_editing_mode) _rl_parsing_conditionalized_out = 0; else _rl_parsing_conditionalized_out = 1; } #endif /* VI_MODE */ /* Check to see if the first word in ARGS is the same as the value stored in rl_readline_name. */ else if (stricmp (args, rl_readline_name) == 0) _rl_parsing_conditionalized_out = 0; else _rl_parsing_conditionalized_out = 1; return 0; } /* Invert the current parser state if there is anything on the stack. */ static int parser_else (args) char *args; { register int i; if (!if_stack_depth) { /* Error message? */ return 0; } /* Check the previous (n - 1) levels of the stack to make sure that we haven't previously turned off parsing. */ for (i = 0; i < if_stack_depth - 1; i++) if (if_stack[i] == 1) return 0; /* Invert the state of parsing if at top level. */ _rl_parsing_conditionalized_out = !_rl_parsing_conditionalized_out; return 0; } /* Terminate a conditional, popping the value of _rl_parsing_conditionalized_out from the stack. */ static int parser_endif (args) char *args; { if (if_stack_depth) _rl_parsing_conditionalized_out = if_stack[--if_stack_depth]; else { /* *** What, no error message? *** */ } return 0; } /* Associate textual names with actual functions. */ static struct { char *name; Function *function; } parser_directives [] = { { "if", parser_if }, { "endif", parser_endif }, { "else", parser_else }, { (char *)0x0, (Function *)0x0 } }; /* Handle a parser directive. STATEMENT is the line of the directive without any leading `$'. */ static int handle_parser_directive (statement) char *statement; { register int i; char *directive, *args; /* Isolate the actual directive. */ /* Skip whitespace. */ for (i = 0; whitespace (statement[i]); i++); directive = &statement[i]; for (; statement[i] && !whitespace (statement[i]); i++); if (statement[i]) statement[i++] = '\0'; for (; statement[i] && whitespace (statement[i]); i++); args = &statement[i]; /* Lookup the command, and act on it. */ for (i = 0; parser_directives[i].name; i++) if (stricmp (directive, parser_directives[i].name) == 0) { (*parser_directives[i].function) (args); return (0); } /* *** Should an error message be output? */ return (1); } static int substring_member_of_array (); /* Read the binding command from STRING and perform it. A key binding command looks like: Keyname: function-name\0, a variable binding command looks like: set variable value. A new-style keybinding looks like "\C-x\C-x": exchange-point-and-mark. */ rl_parse_and_bind (string) char *string; { char *funname, *kname; register int c, i; int key, equivalency; while (string && whitespace (*string)) string++; if (!string || !*string || *string == '#') return 0; /* If this is a parser directive, act on it. */ if (*string == '$') { handle_parser_directive (&string[1]); return 0; } /* If we aren't supposed to be parsing right now, then we're done. */ if (_rl_parsing_conditionalized_out) return 0; i = 0; /* If this keyname is a complex key expression surrounded by quotes, advance to after the matching close quote. This code allows the backslash to quote characters in the key expression. */ if (*string == '"') { int passc = 0; for (i = 1; c = string[i]; i++) { if (passc) { passc = 0; continue; } if (c == '\\') { passc++; continue; } if (c == '"') break; } } /* Advance to the colon (:) or whitespace which separates the two objects. */ for (; (c = string[i]) && c != ':' && c != ' ' && c != '\t'; i++ ); equivalency = (c == ':' && string[i + 1] == '='); /* Mark the end of the command (or keyname). */ if (string[i]) string[i++] = '\0'; /* If doing assignment, skip the '=' sign as well. */ if (equivalency) string[i++] = '\0'; /* If this is a command to set a variable, then do that. */ if (stricmp (string, "set") == 0) { char *var = string + i; char *value; /* Make VAR point to start of variable name. */ while (*var && whitespace (*var)) var++; /* Make value point to start of value string. */ value = var; while (*value && !whitespace (*value)) value++; if (*value) *value++ = '\0'; while (*value && whitespace (*value)) value++; rl_variable_bind (var, value); return 0; } /* Skip any whitespace between keyname and funname. */ for (; string[i] && whitespace (string[i]); i++); funname = &string[i]; /* Now isolate funname. For straight function names just look for whitespace, since that will signify the end of the string. But this could be a macro definition. In that case, the string is quoted, so skip to the matching delimiter. We allow the backslash to quote the delimiter characters in the macro body. */ /* This code exists to allow whitespace in macro expansions, which would otherwise be gobbled up by the next `for' loop.*/ /* XXX - it may be desirable to allow backslash quoting only if " is the quoted string delimiter, like the shell. */ if (*funname == '\'' || *funname == '"') { int delimiter = string[i++]; int passc = 0; for (; c = string[i]; i++) { if (passc) { passc = 0; continue; } if (c == '\\') { passc = 1; continue; } if (c == delimiter) break; } if (c) i++; } /* Advance to the end of the string. */ for (; string[i] && !whitespace (string[i]); i++); /* No extra whitespace at the end of the string. */ string[i] = '\0'; /* Handle equivalency bindings here. Make the left-hand side be exactly whatever the right-hand evaluates to, including keymaps. */ if (equivalency) { return 0; } /* If this is a new-style key-binding, then do the binding with rl_set_key (). Otherwise, let the older code deal with it. */ if (*string == '"') { char *seq = xmalloc (1 + strlen (string)); register int j, k = 0; int passc = 0; for (j = 1; string[j]; j++) { /* Allow backslash to quote characters, but leave them in place. This allows a string to end with a backslash quoting another backslash, or with a backslash quoting a double quote. The backslashes are left in place for rl_translate_keyseq (). */ if (passc || (string[j] == '\\')) { seq[k++] = string[j]; passc = !passc; continue; } if (string[j] == '"') break; seq[k++] = string[j]; } seq[k] = '\0'; /* Binding macro? */ if (*funname == '\'' || *funname == '"') { j = strlen (funname); /* Remove the delimiting quotes from each end of FUNNAME. */ if (j && funname[j - 1] == *funname) funname[j - 1] = '\0'; rl_macro_bind (seq, &funname[1], _rl_keymap); } else rl_set_key (seq, rl_named_function (funname), _rl_keymap); free (seq); return 0; } /* Get the actual character we want to deal with. */ kname = strrchr (string, '-'); if (!kname) kname = string; else kname++; key = glean_key_from_name (kname); /* Add in control and meta bits. */ if (substring_member_of_array (string, possible_control_prefixes)) key = CTRL (to_upper (key)); if (substring_member_of_array (string, possible_meta_prefixes)) key = META (key); /* Temporary. Handle old-style keyname with macro-binding. */ if (*funname == '\'' || *funname == '"') { char seq[2]; int fl = strlen (funname); seq[0] = key; seq[1] = '\0'; if (fl && funname[fl - 1] == *funname) funname[fl - 1] = '\0'; rl_macro_bind (seq, &funname[1], _rl_keymap); } #if defined (PREFIX_META_HACK) /* Ugly, but working hack to keep prefix-meta around. */ else if (stricmp (funname, "prefix-meta") == 0) { char seq[2]; seq[0] = key; seq[1] = '\0'; rl_generic_bind (ISKMAP, seq, (char *)emacs_meta_keymap, _rl_keymap); } #endif /* PREFIX_META_HACK */ else rl_bind_key (key, rl_named_function (funname)); return 0; } /* Simple structure for boolean readline variables (i.e., those that can have one of two values; either "On" or 1 for truth, or "Off" or 0 for false. */ static struct { char *name; int *value; } boolean_varlist [] = { { "horizontal-scroll-mode", &_rl_horizontal_scroll_mode }, { "mark-modified-lines", &_rl_mark_modified_lines }, { "meta-flag", &_rl_meta_flag }, #if defined (PAREN_MATCHING) { "blink-matching-paren", &rl_blink_matching_paren }, #endif { "convert-meta", &_rl_convert_meta_chars_to_ascii }, { "show-all-if-ambiguous", &_rl_complete_show_all }, { "output-meta", &_rl_output_meta_chars }, #if defined (VISIBLE_STATS) { "visible-stats", &rl_visible_stats }, #endif /* VISIBLE_STATS */ { "expand-tilde", &rl_complete_with_tilde_expansion }, { (char *)NULL, (int *)NULL } }; rl_variable_bind (name, value) char *name, *value; { register int i; /* Check for simple variables first. */ for (i = 0; boolean_varlist[i].name; i++) { if (stricmp (name, boolean_varlist[i].name) == 0) { /* A variable is TRUE if the "value" is "on", "1" or "". */ if ((!*value) || (stricmp (value, "On") == 0) || (value[0] == '1' && value[1] == '\0')) *boolean_varlist[i].value = 1; else *boolean_varlist[i].value = 0; return 0; } } /* Not a boolean variable, so check for specials. */ /* Editing mode change? */ if (stricmp (name, "editing-mode") == 0) { if (strnicmp (value, "vi", 2) == 0) { #if defined (VI_MODE) _rl_keymap = vi_insertion_keymap; rl_editing_mode = vi_mode; #endif /* VI_MODE */ } else if (strnicmp (value, "emacs", 5) == 0) { _rl_keymap = emacs_standard_keymap; rl_editing_mode = emacs_mode; } } /* Comment string change? */ else if (stricmp (name, "comment-begin") == 0) { #if defined (VI_MODE) if (*value) { if (rl_vi_comment_begin) free (rl_vi_comment_begin); rl_vi_comment_begin = savestring (value); } #endif /* VI_MODE */ } else if (stricmp (name, "completion-query-items") == 0) { int nval = 100; if (*value) { nval = atoi (value); if (nval < 0) nval = 0; } rl_completion_query_items = nval; } else if (stricmp (name, "keymap") == 0) { Keymap kmap; kmap = rl_get_keymap_by_name (value); if (kmap) rl_set_keymap (kmap); } else if (stricmp (name, "bell-style") == 0) { if (!*value) _rl_bell_preference = AUDIBLE_BELL; else { if (stricmp (value, "none") == 0 || stricmp (value, "off") == 0) _rl_bell_preference = NO_BELL; else if (stricmp (value, "audible") == 0 || stricmp (value, "on") == 0) _rl_bell_preference = AUDIBLE_BELL; else if (stricmp (value, "visible") == 0) _rl_bell_preference = VISIBLE_BELL; } } else if (stricmp (name, "prefer-visible-bell") == 0) { /* Backwards compatibility. */ if (*value && (stricmp (value, "on") == 0 || (*value == '1' && !value[1]))) _rl_bell_preference = VISIBLE_BELL; else _rl_bell_preference = AUDIBLE_BELL; } return 0; } /* Return the character which matches NAME. For example, `Space' returns ' '. */ typedef struct { char *name; int value; } assoc_list; static assoc_list name_key_alist[] = { { "DEL", 0x7f }, { "ESC", '\033' }, { "Escape", '\033' }, { "LFD", '\n' }, { "Newline", '\n' }, { "RET", '\r' }, { "Return", '\r' }, { "Rubout", 0x7f }, { "SPC", ' ' }, { "Space", ' ' }, { "Tab", 0x09 }, { (char *)0x0, 0 } }; static int glean_key_from_name (name) char *name; { register int i; for (i = 0; name_key_alist[i].name; i++) if (stricmp (name, name_key_alist[i].name) == 0) return (name_key_alist[i].value); return (*(unsigned char *)name); /* XXX was return (*name) */ } /* Auxiliary functions to manage keymaps. */ static struct { char *name; Keymap map; } keymap_names[] = { { "emacs", emacs_standard_keymap }, { "emacs-standard", emacs_standard_keymap }, { "emacs-meta", emacs_meta_keymap }, { "emacs-ctlx", emacs_ctlx_keymap }, #if defined (VI_MODE) { "vi", vi_movement_keymap }, { "vi-move", vi_movement_keymap }, { "vi-command", vi_movement_keymap }, { "vi-insert", vi_insertion_keymap }, #endif /* VI_MODE */ { (char *)0x0, (Keymap)0x0 } }; Keymap rl_get_keymap_by_name (name) char *name; { register int i; for (i = 0; keymap_names[i].name; i++) if (strcmp (name, keymap_names[i].name) == 0) return (keymap_names[i].map); return ((Keymap) NULL); } void rl_set_keymap (map) Keymap map; { if (map) _rl_keymap = map; } Keymap rl_get_keymap () { return (_rl_keymap); } void rl_set_keymap_from_edit_mode () { if (rl_editing_mode == emacs_mode) _rl_keymap = emacs_standard_keymap; #if defined (VI_MODE) else if (rl_editing_mode == vi_mode) _rl_keymap = vi_insertion_keymap; #endif /* VI_MODE */ } /* **************************************************************** */ /* */ /* Key Binding and Function Information */ /* */ /* **************************************************************** */ /* Each of the following functions produces information about the state of keybindings and functions known to Readline. The info is always printed to rl_outstream, and in such a way that it can be read back in (i.e., passed to rl_parse_and_bind (). */ /* Print the names of functions known to Readline. */ void rl_list_funmap_names (count, ignore) int count, ignore; { register int i; char **funmap_names; funmap_names = rl_funmap_names (); if (!funmap_names) return; for (i = 0; funmap_names[i]; i++) fprintf (rl_outstream, "%s\n", funmap_names[i]); free (funmap_names); } /* Return a NULL terminated array of strings which represent the key sequences that are used to invoke FUNCTION in MAP. */ char ** rl_invoking_keyseqs_in_map (function, map) Function *function; Keymap map; { register int key; char **result; int result_index, result_size; result = (char **)NULL; result_index = result_size = 0; for (key = 0; key < 128; key++) { switch (map[key].type) { case ISMACR: /* Macros match, if, and only if, the pointers are identical. Thus, they are treated exactly like functions in here. */ case ISFUNC: /* If the function in the keymap is the one we are looking for, then add the current KEY to the list of invoking keys. */ if (map[key].function == function) { char *keyname = (char *)xmalloc (5); if (CTRL_CHAR (key)) sprintf (keyname, "\\C-%c", to_lower (UNCTRL (key))); else if (key == RUBOUT) sprintf (keyname, "\\C-?"); else if (key == '\\' || key == '"') { keyname[0] = '\\'; keyname[1] = (char) key; keyname[2] = '\0'; } else { keyname[0] = (char) key; keyname[1] = '\0'; } if (result_index + 2 > result_size) result = (char **) xrealloc (result, (result_size += 10) * sizeof (char *)); result[result_index++] = keyname; result[result_index] = (char *)NULL; } break; case ISKMAP: { char **seqs = (char **)NULL; /* Find the list of keyseqs in this map which have FUNCTION as their target. Add the key sequences found to RESULT. */ if (map[key].function) seqs = rl_invoking_keyseqs_in_map (function, FUNCTION_TO_KEYMAP (map, key)); if (seqs) { register int i; for (i = 0; seqs[i]; i++) { char *keyname = (char *)xmalloc (6 + strlen (seqs[i])); if (key == ESC) sprintf (keyname, "\\e"); else if (CTRL_CHAR (key)) sprintf (keyname, "\\C-%c", to_lower (UNCTRL (key))); else if (key == RUBOUT) sprintf (keyname, "\\C-?"); else if (key == '\\' || key == '"') { keyname[0] = '\\'; keyname[1] = (char) key; keyname[2] = '\0'; } else { keyname[0] = (char) key; keyname[1] = '\0'; } strcat (keyname, seqs[i]); free (seqs[i]); if (result_index + 2 > result_size) result = (char **) xrealloc (result, (result_size += 10) * sizeof (char *)); result[result_index++] = keyname; result[result_index] = (char *)NULL; } free (seqs); } } break; } } return (result); } /* Return a NULL terminated array of strings which represent the key sequences that can be used to invoke FUNCTION using the current keymap. */ char ** rl_invoking_keyseqs (function) Function *function; { return (rl_invoking_keyseqs_in_map (function, _rl_keymap)); } /* Print all of the current functions and their bindings to rl_outstream. If an explicit argument is given, then print the output in such a way that it can be read back in. */ int rl_dump_functions (count, key) int count, key; { rl_function_dumper (rl_explicit_arg); rl_on_new_line (); return (0); } /* Print all of the functions and their bindings to rl_outstream. If PRINT_READABLY is non-zero, then print the output in such a way that it can be read back in. */ void rl_function_dumper (print_readably) int print_readably; { register int i; char **names; char *name; names = rl_funmap_names (); fprintf (rl_outstream, "\n"); for (i = 0; name = names[i]; i++) { Function *function; char **invokers; function = rl_named_function (name); invokers = rl_invoking_keyseqs_in_map (function, _rl_keymap); if (print_readably) { if (!invokers) fprintf (rl_outstream, "# %s (not bound)\n", name); else { register int j; for (j = 0; invokers[j]; j++) { fprintf (rl_outstream, "\"%s\": %s\n", invokers[j], name); free (invokers[j]); } free (invokers); } } else { if (!invokers) fprintf (rl_outstream, "%s is not bound to any keys\n", name); else { register int j; fprintf (rl_outstream, "%s can be found on ", name); for (j = 0; invokers[j] && j < 5; j++) { fprintf (rl_outstream, "\"%s\"%s", invokers[j], invokers[j + 1] ? ", " : ".\n"); } if (j == 5 && invokers[j]) fprintf (rl_outstream, "...\n"); for (j = 0; invokers[j]; j++) free (invokers[j]); free (invokers); } } } } /* Bind key sequence KEYSEQ to DEFAULT_FUNC if KEYSEQ is unbound. */ void _rl_bind_if_unbound (keyseq, default_func) char *keyseq; Function *default_func; { Function *func; if (keyseq) { func = rl_function_of_keyseq (keyseq, _rl_keymap, (int *)NULL); if (!func || func == rl_do_lowercase_version) rl_set_key (keyseq, default_func, _rl_keymap); } } /* **************************************************************** */ /* */ /* String Utility Functions */ /* */ /* **************************************************************** */ static char *strindex (); /* Return non-zero if any members of ARRAY are a substring in STRING. */ static int substring_member_of_array (string, array) char *string, **array; { while (*array) { if (strindex (string, *array)) return (1); array++; } return (0); } #if !defined (HAVE_STRCASECMP) /* Whoops, Unix doesn't have strnicmp. */ /* Compare at most COUNT characters from string1 to string2. Case doesn't matter. */ static int strnicmp (string1, string2, count) char *string1, *string2; int count; { register char ch1, ch2; while (count) { ch1 = *string1++; ch2 = *string2++; if (to_upper(ch1) == to_upper(ch2)) count--; else break; } return (count); } /* strcmp (), but caseless. */ static int stricmp (string1, string2) char *string1, *string2; { register char ch1, ch2; while (*string1 && *string2) { ch1 = *string1++; ch2 = *string2++; if (to_upper(ch1) != to_upper(ch2)) return (1); } return (*string1 - *string2); } #endif /* !HAVE_STRCASECMP */ /* Determine if s2 occurs in s1. If so, return a pointer to the match in s1. The compare is case insensitive. */ static char * strindex (s1, s2) register char *s1, *s2; { register int i, l = strlen (s2); register int len = strlen (s1); for (i = 0; (len - i) >= l; i++) if (strnicmp (s1 + i, s2, l) == 0) return (s1 + i); return ((char *)NULL); } bash-1.14.3/lib/readline/display.c 664 436 0 110330 5670660176 15070 0ustar chetwheel/* display.c -- readline redisplay facility. */ /* Copyright (C) 1987, 1989, 1992 Free Software Foundation, Inc. This file is part of the GNU Readline Library, a library for reading lines of text with interactive input and history editing. The GNU Readline Library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 1, or (at your option) any later version. The GNU Readline Library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details. The GNU General Public License is often shipped with GNU software, and is generally kept in a file called COPYING or LICENSE. If you do not have a copy of the license, write to the Free Software Foundation, 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. */ #define READLINE_LIBRARY #if defined (HAVE_CONFIG_H) # include "config.h" #endif #include #include #if defined (HAVE_UNISTD_H) # include #endif /* HAVE_UNISTD_H */ #if defined (HAVE_STDLIB_H) # include #else # include "ansi_stdlib.h" #endif /* HAVE_STDLIB_H */ #include "posixstat.h" /* System-specific feature definitions and include files. */ #include "rldefs.h" /* Some standard library routines. */ #include "readline.h" #include "history.h" #if !defined (strchr) && !defined (__STDC__) extern char *strchr (), *strrchr (); #endif /* !strchr && !__STDC__ */ /* Global and pseudo-global variables and functions imported from readline.c. */ extern char *rl_prompt; extern int readline_echoing_p; extern char *term_clreol, *term_im, *term_ic, *term_ei, *term_DC; /* Termcap variables. */ extern char *term_up, *term_dc, *term_cr, *term_IC; extern int screenheight, screenwidth, screenchars; extern int terminal_can_insert, term_xn; extern void _rl_output_some_chars (); extern int _rl_output_character_function (); extern int _rl_output_meta_chars; extern int _rl_horizontal_scroll_mode; extern int _rl_mark_modified_lines; extern int _rl_prefer_visible_bell; /* Pseudo-global functions (local to the readline library) exported by this file. */ void _rl_move_cursor_relative (), _rl_output_some_chars (); void _rl_move_vert (); static void update_line (), clear_to_eol (), space_to_eol (); static void delete_chars (), insert_some_chars (); extern char *xmalloc (), *xrealloc (); /* Heuristic used to decide whether it is faster to move from CUR to NEW by backing up or outputting a carriage return and moving forward. */ #define CR_FASTER(new, cur) (((new) + 1) < ((cur) - (new))) /* **************************************************************** */ /* */ /* Display stuff */ /* */ /* **************************************************************** */ /* This is the stuff that is hard for me. I never seem to write good display routines in C. Let's see how I do this time. */ /* (PWP) Well... Good for a simple line updater, but totally ignores the problems of input lines longer than the screen width. update_line and the code that calls it makes a multiple line, automatically wrapping line update. Careful attention needs to be paid to the vertical position variables. */ /* Keep two buffers; one which reflects the current contents of the screen, and the other to draw what we think the new contents should be. Then compare the buffers, and make whatever changes to the screen itself that we should. Finally, make the buffer that we just drew into be the one which reflects the current contents of the screen, and place the cursor where it belongs. Commands that want to can fix the display themselves, and then let this function know that the display has been fixed by setting the RL_DISPLAY_FIXED variable. This is good for efficiency. */ /* Global variables declared here. */ /* What YOU turn on when you have handled all redisplay yourself. */ int rl_display_fixed = 0; /* The stuff that gets printed out before the actual text of the line. This is usually pointing to rl_prompt. */ char *rl_display_prompt = (char *)NULL; /* Pseudo-global variables declared here. */ /* The visible cursor position. If you print some text, adjust this. */ int _rl_last_c_pos = 0; int _rl_last_v_pos = 0; /* Number of lines currently on screen minus 1. */ int _rl_vis_botlin = 0; /* Variables used only in this file. */ /* The last left edge of text that was displayed. This is used when doing horizontal scrolling. It shifts in thirds of a screenwidth. */ static int last_lmargin = 0; /* The line display buffers. One is the line currently displayed on the screen. The other is the line about to be displayed. */ static char *visible_line = (char *)NULL; static char *invisible_line = (char *)NULL; /* A buffer for `modeline' messages. */ static char msg_buf[128]; /* Non-zero forces the redisplay even if we thought it was unnecessary. */ static int forced_display = 0; /* Default and initial buffer size. Can grow. */ static int line_size = 1024; static char *last_prompt_string = (char *)NULL; static char *local_prompt, *local_prompt_prefix; static int visible_length, prefix_length; /* The number of invisible characters in the line currently being displayed on the screen. */ static int visible_wrap_offset = 0; /* The length (buffer offset) of the first line of the last (possibly multi-line) buffer displayed on the screen. */ static int visible_first_line_len = 0; /* Expand the prompt string S and return the number of visible characters in *LP, if LP is not null. This is currently more-or-less a placeholder for expansion. */ /* Current implementation: \001 (^A) start non-visible characters \002 (^B) end non-visible characters all characters except \001 and \002 (following a \001) are copied to the returned string; all characters except those between \001 and \002 are assumed to be `visible'. */ static char * expand_prompt (pmt, lp) char *pmt; int *lp; { char *r, *ret, *p; int l, rl, ignoring; /* Short-circuit if we can. */ if (strchr (pmt, RL_PROMPT_START_IGNORE) == 0) { r = savestring (pmt); if (lp) *lp = strlen (r); return r; } l = strlen (pmt); r = ret = xmalloc (l + 1); for (rl = ignoring = 0, p = pmt; p && *p; p++) { /* This code strips the invisible character string markers RL_PROMPT_START_IGNORE and RL_PROMPT_END_IGNORE */ if (*p == RL_PROMPT_START_IGNORE) { ignoring++; continue; } else if (ignoring && *p == RL_PROMPT_END_IGNORE) { ignoring = 0; continue; } else { *r++ = *p; if (!ignoring) rl++; } } *r = '\0'; if (lp) *lp = rl; return ret; } /* * Expand the prompt string into the various display components, if * necessary. * * local_prompt = expanded last line of string in rl_display_prompt * (portion after the final newline) * local_prompt_prefix = portion before last newline of rl_display_prompt, * expanded via expand_prompt * visible_length = number of visible characters in local_prompt * prefix_length = number of visible characters in local_prompt_prefix * * This function is called once per call to readline(). It may also be * called arbitrarily to expand the primary prompt. * * The return value is the number of visible characters on the last line * of the (possibly multi-line) prompt. */ int rl_expand_prompt (prompt) char *prompt; { char *p, *t; int c; /* Clear out any saved values. */ if (local_prompt) free (local_prompt); if (local_prompt_prefix) free (local_prompt_prefix); local_prompt = local_prompt_prefix = (char *)0; p = strrchr (prompt, '\n'); if (!p) { /* The prompt is only one line. */ local_prompt = expand_prompt (prompt, &visible_length); local_prompt_prefix = (char *)0; return (visible_length); } else { /* The prompt spans multiple lines. */ t = ++p; local_prompt = expand_prompt (p, &visible_length); c = *t; *t = '\0'; /* The portion of the prompt string up to and including the final newline is now null-terminated. */ local_prompt_prefix = expand_prompt (prompt, &prefix_length); *t = c; return (prefix_length); } } /* Basic redisplay algorithm. */ void rl_redisplay () { register int in, out, c, linenum; register char *line = invisible_line; int c_pos = 0, inv_botlin = 0, wrap_offset, wrap_column; char *prompt_this_line; if (!readline_echoing_p) return; if (!rl_display_prompt) rl_display_prompt = ""; if (!invisible_line) { visible_line = xmalloc (line_size); invisible_line = xmalloc (line_size); line = invisible_line; for (in = 0; in < line_size; in++) { visible_line[in] = 0; invisible_line[in] = 1; } rl_on_new_line (); } /* Draw the line into the buffer. */ c_pos = -1; /* Mark the line as modified or not. We only do this for history lines. */ out = 0; if (_rl_mark_modified_lines && current_history () && rl_undo_list) { line[out++] = '*'; line[out] = '\0'; } /* If someone thought that the redisplay was handled, but the currently visible line has a different modification state than the one about to become visible, then correct the caller's misconception. */ if (visible_line[0] != invisible_line[0]) rl_display_fixed = 0; /* If the prompt to be displayed is the `primary' readline prompt (the one passed to readline()), use the values we have already expanded. If not, use what's already in rl_display_prompt. WRAP_OFFSET is the number of non-visible characters in the prompt string. */ if (rl_display_prompt == rl_prompt) { int local_len = local_prompt ? strlen (local_prompt) : 0; if (local_prompt_prefix && forced_display) _rl_output_some_chars (local_prompt_prefix, strlen (local_prompt_prefix)); if (local_len > 0) strncpy (line + out, local_prompt, local_len); out += local_len; line[out] = '\0'; wrap_offset = local_len - visible_length; } else { int pmtlen; prompt_this_line = strrchr (rl_display_prompt, '\n'); if (!prompt_this_line) prompt_this_line = rl_display_prompt; else { prompt_this_line++; if (forced_display) _rl_output_some_chars (rl_display_prompt, prompt_this_line - rl_display_prompt); } pmtlen = strlen (prompt_this_line); strncpy (line + out, prompt_this_line, pmtlen); out += pmtlen; line[out] = '\0'; wrap_offset = 0; } for (in = 0; in < rl_end; in++) { c = (unsigned char)rl_line_buffer[in]; if (out + 8 >= line_size) /* XXX - 8 for \t */ { line_size *= 2; visible_line = xrealloc (visible_line, line_size); invisible_line = xrealloc (invisible_line, line_size); line = invisible_line; } if (in == rl_point) c_pos = out; if (META_CHAR (c)) { if (_rl_output_meta_chars == 0) { sprintf (line + out, "\\%o", c); out += 4; } else line[out++] = c; } #if defined (DISPLAY_TABS) else if (c == '\t') { register int newout = (out | (int)7) + 1; while (out < newout) line[out++] = ' '; } #endif else if (c < ' ') { line[out++] = '^'; line[out++] = UNCTRL (c); /* XXX was c ^ 0x40 */ } else if (c == 127) { line[out++] = '^'; line[out++] = '?'; } else line[out++] = c; } line[out] = '\0'; if (c_pos < 0) c_pos = out; /* C_POS == position in buffer where cursor should be placed. */ /* PWP: now is when things get a bit hairy. The visible and invisible line buffers are really multiple lines, which would wrap every (screenwidth - 1) characters. Go through each in turn, finding the changed region and updating it. The line order is top to bottom. */ /* If we can move the cursor up and down, then use multiple lines, otherwise, let long lines display in a single terminal line, and horizontally scroll it. */ if (!_rl_horizontal_scroll_mode && term_up && *term_up) { int total_screen_chars = screenchars; int nleft, cursor_linenum, pos, changed_screen_line; if (!rl_display_fixed || forced_display) { forced_display = 0; /* If we have more than a screenful of material to display, then only display a screenful. We should display the last screen, not the first. I'll fix this in a minute. */ if (out >= total_screen_chars) out = total_screen_chars - 1; /* Number of screen lines to display. The first line wraps at (screenwidth + wrap_offset) chars, the rest of the lines have screenwidth chars. */ nleft = out - wrap_offset + term_xn - 1; inv_botlin = (nleft > 0) ? nleft / screenwidth : 0; /* The first line is at character position 0 in the buffer. The second and subsequent lines start at N * screenwidth, offset by OFFSET. OFFSET is wrap_offset for the invisible line and visible_wrap_offset for the line currently displayed. */ #define W_OFFSET(line, offset) ((line) == 0 ? offset : 0) #define L_OFFSET(n, offset) ((n) > 0 ? ((n) * screenwidth) + (offset) : 0) #define VIS_CHARS(line) &visible_line[L_OFFSET((line), visible_wrap_offset)] #define VIS_LINE(line) ((line) > _rl_vis_botlin) ? "" : VIS_CHARS(line) #define INV_LINE(line) &invisible_line[L_OFFSET((line), wrap_offset)] /* For each line in the buffer, do the updating display. */ for (linenum = 0; linenum <= inv_botlin; linenum++) { update_line (VIS_LINE(linenum), INV_LINE(linenum), linenum, screenwidth + W_OFFSET(linenum, visible_wrap_offset), screenwidth + W_OFFSET(linenum, wrap_offset), inv_botlin); /* If this is the line with the prompt, we might need to compensate for invisible characters in the new line. Do this only if there is not more than one new line (which implies that we completely overwrite the old visible line) and the new line is shorter than the old. */ if (linenum == 0 && inv_botlin == 0 && (wrap_offset > visible_wrap_offset) && (_rl_last_c_pos < visible_first_line_len)) { nleft = screenwidth + wrap_offset - _rl_last_c_pos; if (nleft) clear_to_eol (nleft); } /* Since the new first line is now visible, save its length. */ if (linenum == 0) visible_first_line_len = (inv_botlin > 0) ? screenwidth : out - wrap_offset; } /* We may have deleted some lines. If so, clear the left over blank ones at the bottom out. */ if (_rl_vis_botlin > inv_botlin) { char *tt; for (; linenum <= _rl_vis_botlin; linenum++) { tt = VIS_CHARS (linenum); _rl_move_vert (linenum); _rl_move_cursor_relative (0, tt); clear_to_eol ((linenum == _rl_vis_botlin) ? strlen (tt) : screenwidth); } } _rl_vis_botlin = inv_botlin; /* Move the cursor where it should be. */ /* Which line? */ nleft = c_pos - wrap_offset + term_xn - 1; cursor_linenum = (nleft > 0) ? nleft / screenwidth : 0; /* CHANGED_SCREEN_LINE is set to 1 if we have moved to a different screen line during this redisplay. */ changed_screen_line = _rl_last_v_pos != cursor_linenum; if (changed_screen_line) { _rl_move_vert (cursor_linenum); /* If we moved up to the line with the prompt using term_up, the physical cursor position on the screen stays the same, but the buffer position needs to be adjusted to account for invisible characters. */ if (cursor_linenum == 0 && wrap_offset) _rl_last_c_pos += wrap_offset; } /* We have to reprint the prompt if it contains invisible characters, since it's not generally OK to just reprint the characters from the current cursor position. */ nleft = visible_length + wrap_offset; if (cursor_linenum == 0 && wrap_offset > 0 && _rl_last_c_pos > 0 && _rl_last_c_pos <= nleft && local_prompt) { if (term_cr) tputs (term_cr, 1, _rl_output_character_function); _rl_output_some_chars (local_prompt, nleft); _rl_last_c_pos = nleft; } /* Where on that line? And where does that line start in the buffer? */ pos = L_OFFSET(cursor_linenum, wrap_offset); /* nleft == number of characters in the line buffer between the start of the line and the cursor position. */ nleft = c_pos - pos; /* Since backspace() doesn't know about invisible characters in the prompt, and there's no good way to tell it, we compensate for those characters here and call backspace() directly. */ if (wrap_offset && cursor_linenum == 0 && nleft < _rl_last_c_pos) { backspace (_rl_last_c_pos - nleft); _rl_last_c_pos = nleft; } if (nleft != _rl_last_c_pos) _rl_move_cursor_relative (nleft, &invisible_line[pos]); } } else /* Do horizontal scrolling. */ { #define M_OFFSET(margin, offset) ((margin) == 0 ? offset : 0) int lmargin, ndisp, nleft, phys_c_pos, t; /* Always at top line. */ _rl_last_v_pos = 0; /* Compute where in the buffer the displayed line should start. This will be LMARGIN. */ /* The number of characters that will be displayed before the cursor. */ ndisp = c_pos - wrap_offset; nleft = visible_length + wrap_offset; /* Where the new cursor position will be on the screen. This can be longer than SCREENWIDTH; if it is, lmargin will be adjusted. */ phys_c_pos = c_pos - (last_lmargin ? last_lmargin : wrap_offset); t = screenwidth / 3; /* If the number of characters had already exceeded the screenwidth, last_lmargin will be > 0. */ /* If the number of characters to be displayed is more than the screen width, compute the starting offset so that the cursor is about two-thirds of the way across the screen. */ if (phys_c_pos > screenwidth - 2) { lmargin = c_pos - (2 * t); if (lmargin < 0) lmargin = 0; /* If the left margin would be in the middle of a prompt with invisible characters, don't display the prompt at all. */ if (wrap_offset && lmargin > 0 && lmargin < nleft) lmargin = nleft; } else if (ndisp < screenwidth - 2) /* XXX - was -1 */ lmargin = 0; else if (phys_c_pos < 1) { /* If we are moving back towards the beginning of the line and the last margin is no longer correct, compute a new one. */ lmargin = ((c_pos - 1) / t) * t; /* XXX */ if (wrap_offset && lmargin > 0 && lmargin < nleft) lmargin = nleft; } else lmargin = last_lmargin; /* If the first character on the screen isn't the first character in the display line, indicate this with a special character. */ if (lmargin > 0) line[lmargin] = '<'; /* If SCREENWIDTH characters starting at LMARGIN do not encompass the whole line, indicate that with a special characters at the right edge of the screen. If LMARGIN is 0, we need to take the wrap offset into account. */ t = lmargin + M_OFFSET (lmargin, wrap_offset) + screenwidth; if (t < out) line[t - 1] = '>'; if (!rl_display_fixed || forced_display || lmargin != last_lmargin) { forced_display = 0; update_line (&visible_line[last_lmargin], &invisible_line[lmargin], 0, screenwidth + visible_wrap_offset, screenwidth + (lmargin ? 0 : wrap_offset), 0); /* If the visible new line is shorter than the old, but the number of invisible characters is greater, and we are at the end of the new line, we need to clear to eol. */ t = _rl_last_c_pos - M_OFFSET (lmargin, wrap_offset); if ((M_OFFSET (lmargin, wrap_offset) > visible_wrap_offset) && (_rl_last_c_pos == out) && t < visible_first_line_len) { nleft = screenwidth - t; clear_to_eol (nleft); } visible_first_line_len = out - lmargin - M_OFFSET (lmargin, wrap_offset); if (visible_first_line_len > screenwidth) visible_first_line_len = screenwidth; _rl_move_cursor_relative (c_pos - lmargin, &invisible_line[lmargin]); last_lmargin = lmargin; } } fflush (rl_outstream); /* Swap visible and non-visible lines. */ { char *temp = visible_line; visible_line = invisible_line; invisible_line = temp; rl_display_fixed = 0; /* If we are displaying on a single line, and last_lmargin is > 0, we are not displaying any invisible characters, so set visible_wrap_offset to 0. */ if (_rl_horizontal_scroll_mode && last_lmargin) visible_wrap_offset = 0; else visible_wrap_offset = wrap_offset; } } /* PWP: update_line() is based on finding the middle difference of each line on the screen; vis: /old first difference /beginning of line | /old last same /old EOL v v v v old: eddie> Oh, my little gruntle-buggy is to me, as lurgid as new: eddie> Oh, my little buggy says to me, as lurgid as ^ ^ ^ ^ \beginning of line | \new last same \new end of line \new first difference All are character pointers for the sake of speed. Special cases for no differences, as well as for end of line additions must be handeled. Could be made even smarter, but this works well enough */ static void update_line (old, new, current_line, omax, nmax, inv_botlin) register char *old, *new; int current_line, omax, nmax; { register char *ofd, *ols, *oe, *nfd, *nls, *ne; int temp, lendiff, wsatend, od, nd; /* If we're at the right edge of a terminal that supports xn, we're ready to wrap around, so do so. This fixes problems with knowing the exact cursor position and cut-and-paste with certain terminal emulators. In this calculation, TEMP is the physical screen position of the cursor. */ temp = _rl_last_c_pos - W_OFFSET(_rl_last_v_pos, visible_wrap_offset); if (temp == screenwidth && term_xn && !_rl_horizontal_scroll_mode && _rl_last_v_pos == current_line - 1) { if (new[0]) putc (new[0], rl_outstream); else putc (' ', rl_outstream); _rl_last_c_pos = 1; /* XXX */ _rl_last_v_pos++; if (old[0]) old[0] = new[0]; } /* Find first difference. */ for (ofd = old, nfd = new; (ofd - old < omax) && *ofd && (*ofd == *nfd); ofd++, nfd++) ; /* Move to the end of the screen line. ND and OD are used to keep track of the distance between ne and new and oe and old, respectively, to move a subtraction out of each loop. */ for (od = ofd - old, oe = ofd; od < omax && *oe; oe++, od++); for (nd = nfd - new, ne = nfd; nd < nmax && *ne; ne++, nd++); /* If no difference, continue to next line. */ if (ofd == oe && nfd == ne) return; wsatend = 1; /* flag for trailing whitespace */ ols = oe - 1; /* find last same */ nls = ne - 1; while ((ols > ofd) && (nls > nfd) && (*ols == *nls)) { if (*ols != ' ') wsatend = 0; ols--; nls--; } if (wsatend) { ols = oe; nls = ne; } else if (*ols != *nls) { if (*ols) /* don't step past the NUL */ ols++; if (*nls) nls++; } _rl_move_vert (current_line); /* If this is the first line and there are invisible characters in the prompt string, and the prompt string has not changed, then redraw the entire prompt string. We can only do this reliably if the terminal supports a `cr' capability. This is more than just an efficiency hack -- there is a problem with redrawing portions of the prompt string if they contain terminal escape sequences (like drawing the `unbold' sequence without a corresponding `bold') that manifests itself on certain terminals. */ lendiff = strlen (local_prompt); if (current_line == 0 && !_rl_horizontal_scroll_mode && lendiff > visible_length && _rl_last_c_pos > 0 && (ofd - old) >= lendiff && term_cr) { tputs (term_cr, 1, _rl_output_character_function); _rl_output_some_chars (local_prompt, lendiff); _rl_last_c_pos = lendiff; } _rl_move_cursor_relative (ofd - old, old); /* if (len (new) > len (old)) */ lendiff = (nls - nfd) - (ols - ofd); /* Insert (diff (len (old), len (new)) ch. */ temp = ne - nfd; if (lendiff > 0) { /* Non-zero if we're increasing the number of lines. */ int gl = current_line >= _rl_vis_botlin && inv_botlin > _rl_vis_botlin; /* Sometimes it is cheaper to print the characters rather than use the terminal's capabilities. If we're growing the number of lines, make sure we actually cause the new line to wrap around on auto-wrapping terminals. */ if (terminal_can_insert && ((2 * temp) >= lendiff || term_IC) && (!term_xn || !gl)) { /* If lendiff > visible_length and _rl_last_c_pos == 0 and _rl_horizontal_scroll_mode == 1, inserting the characters with term_IC or term_ic will screw up the screen because of the invisible characters. We need to just draw them. */ if (*ols && (!_rl_horizontal_scroll_mode || _rl_last_c_pos > 0 || lendiff <= visible_length)) { insert_some_chars (nfd, lendiff); _rl_last_c_pos += lendiff; } else { /* At the end of a line the characters do not have to be "inserted". They can just be placed on the screen. */ _rl_output_some_chars (nfd, lendiff); _rl_last_c_pos += lendiff; } /* Copy (new) chars to screen from first diff to last match. */ temp = nls - nfd; if ((temp - lendiff) > 0) { _rl_output_some_chars (nfd + lendiff, temp - lendiff); _rl_last_c_pos += temp - lendiff; } } else { /* cannot insert chars, write to EOL */ _rl_output_some_chars (nfd, temp); _rl_last_c_pos += temp; } } else /* Delete characters from line. */ { /* If possible and inexpensive to use terminal deletion, then do so. */ if (term_dc && (2 * temp) >= -lendiff) { /* If all we're doing is erasing the invisible characters in the prompt string, don't bother. It screws up the assumptions about what's on the screen. */ if (_rl_horizontal_scroll_mode && _rl_last_c_pos == 0 && -lendiff == visible_wrap_offset) lendiff = 0; if (lendiff) delete_chars (-lendiff); /* delete (diff) characters */ /* Copy (new) chars to screen from first diff to last match */ temp = nls - nfd; if (temp > 0) { _rl_output_some_chars (nfd, temp); _rl_last_c_pos += temp; } } /* Otherwise, print over the existing material. */ else { if (temp > 0) { _rl_output_some_chars (nfd, temp); _rl_last_c_pos += temp; } lendiff = (oe - old) - (ne - new); if (term_xn && current_line < inv_botlin) space_to_eol (lendiff); else clear_to_eol (lendiff); } } } /* Tell the update routines that we have moved onto a new (empty) line. */ rl_on_new_line () { if (visible_line) visible_line[0] = '\0'; _rl_last_c_pos = _rl_last_v_pos = 0; _rl_vis_botlin = last_lmargin = 0; return 0; } /* Actually update the display, period. */ rl_forced_update_display () { if (visible_line) { register char *temp = visible_line; while (*temp) *temp++ = '\0'; } rl_on_new_line (); forced_display++; rl_redisplay (); return 0; } /* Move the cursor from _rl_last_c_pos to NEW, which are buffer indices. DATA is the contents of the screen line of interest; i.e., where the movement is being done. */ void _rl_move_cursor_relative (new, data) int new; char *data; { register int i; /* If we don't have to do anything, then return. */ if (_rl_last_c_pos == new) return; /* It may be faster to output a CR, and then move forwards instead of moving backwards. */ /* i == current physical cursor position. */ i = _rl_last_c_pos - W_OFFSET(_rl_last_v_pos, visible_wrap_offset); if (CR_FASTER (new, _rl_last_c_pos) || (term_xn && i == screenwidth)) { #if defined (__MSDOS__) putc ('\r', rl_outstream); #else tputs (term_cr, 1, _rl_output_character_function); #endif /* !__MSDOS__ */ _rl_last_c_pos = 0; } if (_rl_last_c_pos < new) { /* Move the cursor forward. We do it by printing the command to move the cursor forward if there is one, else print that portion of the output buffer again. Which is cheaper? */ /* The above comment is left here for posterity. It is faster to print one character (non-control) than to print a control sequence telling the terminal to move forward one character. That kind of control is for people who don't know what the data is underneath the cursor. */ #if defined (HACK_TERMCAP_MOTION) extern char *term_forward_char; if (term_forward_char) for (i = _rl_last_c_pos; i < new; i++) tputs (term_forward_char, 1, _rl_output_character_function); else for (i = _rl_last_c_pos; i < new; i++) putc (data[i], rl_outstream); #else for (i = _rl_last_c_pos; i < new; i++) putc (data[i], rl_outstream); #endif /* HACK_TERMCAP_MOTION */ } else if (_rl_last_c_pos != new) backspace (_rl_last_c_pos - new); _rl_last_c_pos = new; } /* PWP: move the cursor up or down. */ void _rl_move_vert (to) int to; { register int delta, i; if (_rl_last_v_pos == to || to > screenheight) return; #if defined (__GO32__) { int row, col; ScreenGetCursor (&row, &col); ScreenSetCursor ((row + to - _rl_last_v_pos), col); } #else /* !__GO32__ */ if ((delta = to - _rl_last_v_pos) > 0) { for (i = 0; i < delta; i++) putc ('\n', rl_outstream); tputs (term_cr, 1, _rl_output_character_function); _rl_last_c_pos = 0; } else { /* delta < 0 */ if (term_up && *term_up) for (i = 0; i < -delta; i++) tputs (term_up, 1, _rl_output_character_function); } #endif /* !__GO32__ */ _rl_last_v_pos = to; /* Now TO is here */ } /* Physically print C on rl_outstream. This is for functions which know how to optimize the display. Return the number of characters output. */ rl_show_char (c) int c; { int n = 1; if (META_CHAR (c) && (_rl_output_meta_chars == 0)) { fprintf (rl_outstream, "M-"); n += 2; c = UNMETA (c); } #if defined (DISPLAY_TABS) if (c < 32 && c != '\t') #else if (c < 32) #endif /* !DISPLAY_TABS */ { fprintf (rl_outstream, "C-"); n += 2; c += 64; } putc (c, rl_outstream); fflush (rl_outstream); return n; } int rl_character_len (c, pos) register int c, pos; { unsigned char uc; uc = (unsigned char)c; if (META_CHAR (uc)) return ((_rl_output_meta_chars == 0) ? 4 : 1); if (uc == '\t') { #if defined (DISPLAY_TABS) return (((pos | 7) + 1) - pos); #else return (2); #endif /* !DISPLAY_TABS */ } return ((isprint (uc)) ? 1 : 2); } /* How to print things in the "echo-area". The prompt is treated as a mini-modeline. */ #if defined (HAVE_VARARGS_H) rl_message (va_alist) va_dcl { char *format; va_list args; va_start (args); format = va_arg (args, char *); vsprintf (msg_buf, format, args); va_end (args); rl_display_prompt = msg_buf; rl_redisplay (); return 0; } #else /* !HAVE_VARARGS_H */ rl_message (format, arg1, arg2) char *format; { sprintf (msg_buf, format, arg1, arg2); rl_display_prompt = msg_buf; rl_redisplay (); return 0; } #endif /* !HAVE_VARARGS_H */ /* How to clear things from the "echo-area". */ rl_clear_message () { rl_display_prompt = rl_prompt; rl_redisplay (); return 0; } rl_reset_line_state () { rl_on_new_line (); rl_display_prompt = rl_prompt ? rl_prompt : ""; forced_display = 1; return 0; } /* Quick redisplay hack when erasing characters at the end of the line. */ void _rl_erase_at_end_of_line (l) int l; { register int i; backspace (l); for (i = 0; i < l; i++) putc (' ', rl_outstream); backspace (l); for (i = 0; i < l; i++) visible_line[--_rl_last_c_pos] = '\0'; rl_display_fixed++; } /* Clear to the end of the line. COUNT is the minimum number of character spaces to clear, */ static void clear_to_eol (count) int count; { #if !defined (__GO32__) if (term_clreol) { tputs (term_clreol, 1, _rl_output_character_function); } else #endif /* !__GO32__ */ space_to_eol (count); } /* Clear to the end of the line using spaces. COUNT is the minimum number of character spaces to clear, */ static void space_to_eol (count) int count; { register int i; for (i = 0; i < count; i++) putc (' ', rl_outstream); _rl_last_c_pos += count; } /* Insert COUNT characters from STRING to the output stream. */ static void insert_some_chars (string, count) char *string; int count; { #if defined (__GO32__) int row, col, width; char *row_start; ScreenGetCursor (&row, &col); width = ScreenCols (); row_start = ScreenPrimary + (row * width); memcpy (row_start + col + count, row_start + col, width - col - count); /* Place the text on the screen. */ _rl_output_some_chars (string, count); #else /* !_GO32 */ /* If IC is defined, then we do not have to "enter" insert mode. */ if (term_IC) { char *tgoto (), *buffer; buffer = tgoto (term_IC, 0, count); tputs (buffer, 1, _rl_output_character_function); _rl_output_some_chars (string, count); } else { register int i; /* If we have to turn on insert-mode, then do so. */ if (term_im && *term_im) tputs (term_im, 1, _rl_output_character_function); /* If there is a special command for inserting characters, then use that first to open up the space. */ if (term_ic && *term_ic) { for (i = count; i--; ) tputs (term_ic, 1, _rl_output_character_function); } /* Print the text. */ _rl_output_some_chars (string, count); /* If there is a string to turn off insert mode, we had best use it now. */ if (term_ei && *term_ei) tputs (term_ei, 1, _rl_output_character_function); } #endif /* !__GO32__ */ } /* Delete COUNT characters from the display line. */ static void delete_chars (count) int count; { #if defined (__GO32__) int row, col, width; char *row_start; ScreenGetCursor (&row, &col); width = ScreenCols (); row_start = ScreenPrimary + (row * width); memcpy (row_start + col, row_start + col + count, width - col - count); memset (row_start + width - count, 0, count * 2); #else /* !_GO32 */ if (count > screenwidth) /* XXX */ return; if (term_DC && *term_DC) { char *tgoto (), *buffer; buffer = tgoto (term_DC, count, count); tputs (buffer, count, _rl_output_character_function); } else { if (term_dc && *term_dc) while (count--) tputs (term_dc, 1, _rl_output_character_function); } #endif /* !__GO32__ */ } void _rl_update_final () { int full_lines; full_lines = 0; if (_rl_vis_botlin && visible_line[screenwidth * _rl_vis_botlin] == 0) { _rl_vis_botlin--; full_lines = 1; } _rl_move_vert (_rl_vis_botlin); if (full_lines && term_xn) { /* Remove final line-wrap flag in xterm. */ char *last_line; last_line = &visible_line[screenwidth * _rl_vis_botlin]; _rl_move_cursor_relative (screenwidth - 1, last_line); clear_to_eol (0); putc (last_line[screenwidth - 1], rl_outstream); } _rl_vis_botlin = 0; crlf (); fflush (rl_outstream); rl_display_fixed++; } /* Move to the start of the current line. */ static void cr () { if (term_cr) { tputs (term_cr, 1, _rl_output_character_function); _rl_last_c_pos = 0; } } /* Redisplay the current line after a SIGWINCH is received. */ void _rl_redisplay_after_sigwinch () { char *t, *oldp; /* Clear the current line and put the cursor at column 0. Make sure the right thing happens if we have wrapped to a new screen line. */ if (term_cr) { tputs (term_cr, 1, _rl_output_character_function); _rl_last_c_pos = 0; if (term_clreol) tputs (term_clreol, 1, _rl_output_character_function); else { space_to_eol (screenwidth); tputs (term_cr, 1, _rl_output_character_function); } if (_rl_last_v_pos > 0) _rl_move_vert (0); } else crlf (); /* Redraw only the last line of a multi-line prompt. */ t = strrchr (rl_display_prompt, '\n'); if (t) { oldp = rl_display_prompt; rl_display_prompt = ++t; rl_forced_update_display (); rl_display_prompt = oldp; } else rl_forced_update_display (); } bash-1.14.3/lib/readline/signals.c 664 436 0 16227 5622472020 15037 0ustar chetwheel/* signals.c -- signal handling support for readline. */ /* Copyright (C) 1987, 1989, 1992 Free Software Foundation, Inc. This file is part of the GNU Readline Library, a library for reading lines of text with interactive input and history editing. The GNU Readline Library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 1, or (at your option) any later version. The GNU Readline Library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details. The GNU General Public License is often shipped with GNU software, and is generally kept in a file called COPYING or LICENSE. If you do not have a copy of the license, write to the Free Software Foundation, 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. */ #define READLINE_LIBRARY #include #include #include #if !defined (NO_SYS_FILE) # include #endif /* !NO_SYS_FILE */ #include #if defined (HAVE_UNISTD_H) # include #endif /* HAVE_UNISTD_H */ #if defined (HAVE_STDLIB_H) # include #else # include "ansi_stdlib.h" #endif /* HAVE_STDLIB_H */ #include /* Not all systems declare ERRNO in errno.h... and some systems #define it! */ #if !defined (errno) extern int errno; #endif /* !errno */ #include "posixstat.h" /* System-specific feature definitions and include files. */ #include "rldefs.h" #if defined (GWINSZ_IN_SYS_IOCTL) # include #endif /* GWINSZ_IN_SYS_IOCTL */ /* Some standard library routines. */ #include "readline.h" #include "history.h" extern int readline_echoing_p; extern int rl_pending_input; extern int _rl_meta_flag; extern void free_undo_list (); #if defined (VOID_SIGHANDLER) # define sighandler void #else # define sighandler int #endif /* VOID_SIGHANDLER */ /* This typedef is equivalant to the one for Function; it allows us to say SigHandler *foo = signal (SIGKILL, SIG_IGN); */ typedef sighandler SigHandler (); #if defined (__GO32__) # undef HANDLE_SIGNALS #endif /* __GO32__ */ #if defined (STATIC_MALLOC) static char *xmalloc (), *xrealloc (); #else extern char *xmalloc (), *xrealloc (); #endif /* STATIC_MALLOC */ /* **************************************************************** */ /* */ /* Signal Handling */ /* */ /* **************************************************************** */ #if defined (SIGWINCH) static SigHandler *old_sigwinch = (SigHandler *)NULL; static sighandler rl_handle_sigwinch (sig) int sig; { if (readline_echoing_p) { _rl_set_screen_size (fileno (rl_instream), 1); _rl_redisplay_after_sigwinch (); } if (old_sigwinch && old_sigwinch != (SigHandler *)SIG_IGN && old_sigwinch != (SigHandler *)SIG_DFL) (*old_sigwinch) (sig); #if !defined (VOID_SIGHANDLER) return (0); #endif /* VOID_SIGHANDLER */ } #endif /* SIGWINCH */ #if defined (HANDLE_SIGNALS) /* Interrupt handling. */ static SigHandler *old_int = (SigHandler *)NULL, *old_alrm = (SigHandler *)NULL; #if !defined (SHELL) static SigHandler *old_tstp = (SigHandler *)NULL, *old_ttou = (SigHandler *)NULL, *old_ttin = (SigHandler *)NULL, *old_cont = (SigHandler *)NULL; #endif /* !SHELL */ /* Handle an interrupt character. */ static sighandler rl_signal_handler (sig) int sig; { #if defined (HAVE_POSIX_SIGNALS) sigset_t set; #else /* !HAVE_POSIX_SIGNALS */ # if defined (HAVE_BSD_SIGNALS) long omask; # endif /* HAVE_BSD_SIGNALS */ #endif /* !HAVE_POSIX_SIGNALS */ #if !defined (HAVE_BSD_SIGNALS) && !defined (HAVE_POSIX_SIGNALS) /* Since the signal will not be blocked while we are in the signal handler, ignore it until rl_clear_signals resets the catcher. */ if (sig == SIGINT) signal (sig, SIG_IGN); #endif /* !HAVE_BSD_SIGNALS */ switch (sig) { case SIGINT: { register HIST_ENTRY *entry; free_undo_list (); entry = current_history (); if (entry) entry->data = (char *)NULL; } _rl_kill_kbd_macro (); rl_clear_message (); rl_init_argument (); #if defined (SIGTSTP) case SIGTSTP: case SIGTTOU: case SIGTTIN: #endif /* SIGTSTP */ case SIGALRM: rl_clean_up_for_exit (); rl_deprep_terminal (); rl_clear_signals (); rl_pending_input = 0; #if defined (HAVE_POSIX_SIGNALS) sigprocmask (SIG_BLOCK, (sigset_t *)NULL, &set); sigdelset (&set, sig); #else /* !HAVE_POSIX_SIGNALS */ # if defined (HAVE_BSD_SIGNALS) omask = sigblock (0); # endif /* HAVE_BSD_SIGNALS */ #endif /* !HAVE_POSIX_SIGNALS */ kill (getpid (), sig); /* Let the signal that we just sent through. */ #if defined (HAVE_POSIX_SIGNALS) sigprocmask (SIG_SETMASK, &set, (sigset_t *)NULL); #else /* !HAVE_POSIX_SIGNALS */ # if defined (HAVE_BSD_SIGNALS) sigsetmask (omask & ~(sigmask (sig))); # endif /* HAVE_BSD_SIGNALS */ #endif /* !HAVE_POSIX_SIGNALS */ rl_prep_terminal (_rl_meta_flag); rl_set_signals (); } #if !defined (VOID_SIGHANDLER) return (0); #endif /* !VOID_SIGHANDLER */ } #if defined (HAVE_POSIX_SIGNALS) static SigHandler * rl_set_sighandler (sig, handler) int sig; SigHandler *handler; { struct sigaction act, oact; act.sa_handler = handler; act.sa_flags = 0; sigemptyset (&act.sa_mask); sigemptyset (&oact.sa_mask); sigaction (sig, &act, &oact); return (oact.sa_handler); } #else /* !HAVE_POSIX_SIGNALS */ # define rl_set_sighandler(sig, handler) (SigHandler *)signal (sig, handler) #endif /* !HAVE_POSIX_SIGNALS */ rl_set_signals () { old_int = (SigHandler *)rl_set_sighandler (SIGINT, rl_signal_handler); if (old_int == (SigHandler *)SIG_IGN) signal (SIGINT, SIG_IGN); old_alrm = (SigHandler *)rl_set_sighandler (SIGALRM, rl_signal_handler); if (old_alrm == (SigHandler *)SIG_IGN) signal (SIGALRM, SIG_IGN); #if !defined (SHELL) #if defined (SIGTSTP) old_tstp = (SigHandler *)rl_set_sighandler (SIGTSTP, rl_signal_handler); if (old_tstp == (SigHandler *)SIG_IGN) signal (SIGTSTP, SIG_IGN); #endif /* SIGTSTP */ #if defined (SIGTTOU) old_ttou = (SigHandler *)rl_set_sighandler (SIGTTOU, rl_signal_handler); old_ttin = (SigHandler *)rl_set_sighandler (SIGTTIN, rl_signal_handler); if (old_tstp == (SigHandler *)SIG_IGN) { signal (SIGTTOU, SIG_IGN); signal (SIGTTIN, SIG_IGN); } #endif /* SIGTTOU */ #endif /* !SHELL */ #if defined (SIGWINCH) old_sigwinch = (SigHandler *) rl_set_sighandler (SIGWINCH, rl_handle_sigwinch); #endif /* SIGWINCH */ return 0; } rl_clear_signals () { rl_set_sighandler (SIGINT, old_int); rl_set_sighandler (SIGALRM, old_alrm); #if !defined (SHELL) #if defined (SIGTSTP) rl_set_sighandler (SIGTSTP, old_tstp); #endif #if defined (SIGTTOU) rl_set_sighandler (SIGTTOU, old_ttou); rl_set_sighandler (SIGTTIN, old_ttin); #endif /* SIGTTOU */ #endif /* !SHELL */ #if defined (SIGWINCH) rl_set_sighandler (SIGWINCH, old_sigwinch); #endif return 0; } #endif /* HANDLE_SIGNALS */ bash-1.14.3/lib/readline/tilde.c 644 436 0 22607 5672706313 14507 0ustar chetwheel/* tilde.c -- Tilde expansion code (~/foo := $HOME/foo). */ /* Copyright (C) 1988,1989 Free Software Foundation, Inc. This file is part of GNU Readline, a library for reading lines of text with interactive input and history editing. Readline is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 1, or (at your option) any later version. Readline is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details. You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with Readline; see the file COPYING. If not, write to the Free Software Foundation, 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. */ #if defined (HAVE_STRING_H) # include #else /* !HAVE_STRING_H */ # include #endif /* !HAVE_STRING_H */ #if defined (HAVE_STDLIB_H) # include #else # include "ansi_stdlib.h" #endif /* HAVE_STDLIB_H */ #include "tilde.h" #include #include #if defined (USG) && !defined (HAVE_GETPW_DECLS) extern struct passwd *getpwuid (), *getpwnam (); #endif /* USG && !defined (HAVE_GETPW_DECLS) */ #if !defined (savestring) extern char *xmalloc (); # ifndef strcpy extern char *strcpy (); # endif #define savestring(x) strcpy (xmalloc (1 + strlen (x)), (x)) #endif /* !savestring */ #if !defined (NULL) # if defined (__STDC__) # define NULL ((void *) 0) # else # define NULL 0x0 # endif /* !__STDC__ */ #endif /* !NULL */ #if defined (TEST) || defined (STATIC_MALLOC) static char *xmalloc (), *xrealloc (); #else extern char *xmalloc (), *xrealloc (); #endif /* TEST || STATIC_MALLOC */ /* The default value of tilde_additional_prefixes. This is set to whitespace preceding a tilde so that simple programs which do not perform any word separation get desired behaviour. */ static char *default_prefixes[] = { " ~", "\t~", (char *)NULL }; /* The default value of tilde_additional_suffixes. This is set to whitespace or newline so that simple programs which do not perform any word separation get desired behaviour. */ static char *default_suffixes[] = { " ", "\n", (char *)NULL }; /* If non-null, this contains the address of a function to call if the standard meaning for expanding a tilde fails. The function is called with the text (sans tilde, as in "foo"), and returns a malloc()'ed string which is the expansion, or a NULL pointer if there is no expansion. */ CPFunction *tilde_expansion_failure_hook = (CPFunction *)NULL; /* When non-null, this is a NULL terminated array of strings which are duplicates for a tilde prefix. Bash uses this to expand `=~' and `:~'. */ char **tilde_additional_prefixes = default_prefixes; /* When non-null, this is a NULL terminated array of strings which match the end of a username, instead of just "/". Bash sets this to `:' and `=~'. */ char **tilde_additional_suffixes = default_suffixes; /* Find the start of a tilde expansion in STRING, and return the index of the tilde which starts the expansion. Place the length of the text which identified this tilde starter in LEN, excluding the tilde itself. */ static int tilde_find_prefix (string, len) char *string; int *len; { register int i, j, string_len; register char **prefixes = tilde_additional_prefixes; string_len = strlen (string); *len = 0; if (!*string || *string == '~') return (0); if (prefixes) { for (i = 0; i < string_len; i++) { for (j = 0; prefixes[j]; j++) { if (strncmp (string + i, prefixes[j], strlen (prefixes[j])) == 0) { *len = strlen (prefixes[j]) - 1; return (i + *len); } } } } return (string_len); } /* Find the end of a tilde expansion in STRING, and return the index of the character which ends the tilde definition. */ static int tilde_find_suffix (string) char *string; { register int i, j, string_len; register char **suffixes = tilde_additional_suffixes; string_len = strlen (string); for (i = 0; i < string_len; i++) { if (string[i] == '/' || !string[i]) break; for (j = 0; suffixes && suffixes[j]; j++) { if (strncmp (string + i, suffixes[j], strlen (suffixes[j])) == 0) return (i); } } return (i); } /* Return a new string which is the result of tilde expanding STRING. */ char * tilde_expand (string) char *string; { char *result, *tilde_expand_word (); int result_size, result_index; result_size = result_index = 0; result = (char *)NULL; /* Scan through STRING expanding tildes as we come to them. */ while (1) { register int start, end; char *tilde_word, *expansion; int len; /* Make START point to the tilde which starts the expansion. */ start = tilde_find_prefix (string, &len); /* Copy the skipped text into the result. */ if ((result_index + start + 1) > result_size) result = (char *)xrealloc (result, 1 + (result_size += (start + 20))); strncpy (result + result_index, string, start); result_index += start; /* Advance STRING to the starting tilde. */ string += start; /* Make END be the index of one after the last character of the username. */ end = tilde_find_suffix (string); /* If both START and END are zero, we are all done. */ if (!start && !end) break; /* Expand the entire tilde word, and copy it into RESULT. */ tilde_word = (char *)xmalloc (1 + end); strncpy (tilde_word, string, end); tilde_word[end] = '\0'; string += end; expansion = tilde_expand_word (tilde_word); free (tilde_word); len = strlen (expansion); if ((result_index + len + 1) > result_size) result = (char *)xrealloc (result, 1 + (result_size += (len + 20))); strcpy (result + result_index, expansion); result_index += len; free (expansion); } result[result_index] = '\0'; return (result); } /* Do the work of tilde expansion on FILENAME. FILENAME starts with a tilde. If there is no expansion, call tilde_expansion_failure_hook. */ char * tilde_expand_word (filename) char *filename; { char *dirname; dirname = filename ? savestring (filename) : (char *)NULL; if (dirname && *dirname == '~') { char *temp_name; if (!dirname[1] || dirname[1] == '/') { /* Prepend $HOME to the rest of the string. */ char *temp_home = (char *)getenv ("HOME"); /* If there is no HOME variable, look up the directory in the password database. */ if (!temp_home) { struct passwd *entry; entry = getpwuid (getuid ()); if (entry) temp_home = entry->pw_dir; } temp_name = xmalloc (1 + strlen (&dirname[1]) + (temp_home ? strlen (temp_home) : 0)); temp_name[0] = '\0'; if (temp_home) strcpy (temp_name, temp_home); strcat (temp_name, dirname + 1); free (dirname); dirname = temp_name; } else { char *username; struct passwd *user_entry; int i; username = xmalloc (strlen (dirname)); for (i = 1; dirname[i] && dirname[i] != '/'; i++) username[i - 1] = dirname[i]; username[i - 1] = '\0'; if ((user_entry = getpwnam (username)) == 0) { /* If the calling program has a special syntax for expanding tildes, and we couldn't find a standard expansion, then let them try. */ if (tilde_expansion_failure_hook) { char *expansion; expansion = (*tilde_expansion_failure_hook) (username); if (expansion) { temp_name = xmalloc (1 + strlen (expansion) + strlen (&dirname[i])); strcpy (temp_name, expansion); strcat (temp_name, &dirname[i]); free (expansion); free (dirname); dirname = temp_name; } } /* We shouldn't report errors. */ } else { temp_name = xmalloc (1 + strlen (user_entry->pw_dir) + strlen (&dirname[i])); strcpy (temp_name, user_entry->pw_dir); strcat (temp_name, &dirname[i]); free (dirname); dirname = temp_name; } endpwent (); free (username); } } return (dirname); } #if defined (TEST) #undef NULL #include main (argc, argv) int argc; char **argv; { char *result, line[512]; int done = 0; while (!done) { printf ("~expand: "); fflush (stdout); if (!gets (line)) strcpy (line, "done"); if ((strcmp (line, "done") == 0) || (strcmp (line, "quit") == 0) || (strcmp (line, "exit") == 0)) { done = 1; break; } result = tilde_expand (line); printf (" --> %s\n", result); free (result); } exit (0); } static void memory_error_and_abort (); static char * xmalloc (bytes) int bytes; { char *temp = (char *)malloc (bytes); if (!temp) memory_error_and_abort (); return (temp); } static char * xrealloc (pointer, bytes) char *pointer; int bytes; { char *temp; if (!pointer) temp = (char *)malloc (bytes); else temp = (char *)realloc (pointer, bytes); if (!temp) memory_error_and_abort (); return (temp); } static void memory_error_and_abort () { fprintf (stderr, "readline: Out of virtual memory!\n"); abort (); } /* * Local variables: * compile-command: "gcc -g -DTEST -o tilde tilde.c" * end: */ #endif /* TEST */ bash-1.14.3/lib/readline/tilde.h 664 436 0 2627 5443661012 14466 0ustar chetwheel/* tilde.h: Externally available variables and function in libtilde.a. */ #if !defined (__TILDE_H__) # define __TILDE_H__ /* Function pointers can be declared as (Function *)foo. */ #if !defined (__FUNCTION_DEF) # define __FUNCTION_DEF typedef int Function (); typedef void VFunction (); typedef char *CPFunction (); typedef char **CPPFunction (); #endif /* _FUNCTION_DEF */ /* If non-null, this contains the address of a function to call if the standard meaning for expanding a tilde fails. The function is called with the text (sans tilde, as in "foo"), and returns a malloc()'ed string which is the expansion, or a NULL pointer if there is no expansion. */ extern CPFunction *tilde_expansion_failure_hook; /* When non-null, this is a NULL terminated array of strings which are duplicates for a tilde prefix. Bash uses this to expand `=~' and `:~'. */ extern char **tilde_additional_prefixes; /* When non-null, this is a NULL terminated array of strings which match the end of a username, instead of just "/". Bash sets this to `:' and `=~'. */ extern char **tilde_additional_suffixes; /* Return a new string which is the result of tilde expanding STRING. */ extern char *tilde_expand (); /* Do the work of tilde expansion on FILENAME. FILENAME starts with a tilde. If there is no expansion, call tilde_expansion_failure_hook. */ extern char *tilde_expand_word (); #endif /* __TILDE_H__ */ bash-1.14.3/lib/readline/posixstat.h 664 436 0 10741 5275252420 15441 0ustar chetwheel/* posixstat.h -- Posix stat(2) definitions for systems that don't have them. */ /* Copyright (C) 1987,1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc. This file is part of GNU Bash, the Bourne Again SHell. Bash is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 1, or (at your option) any later version. Bash is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details. You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with Bash; see the file COPYING. If not, write to the Free Software Foundation, 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. */ /* This file should be included instead of . It relies on the local sys/stat.h to work though. */ #if !defined (_POSIXSTAT_H) #define _POSIXSTAT_H #include #if defined (isc386) # if !defined (S_IFDIR) # define S_IFDIR 0040000 # endif /* !S_IFDIR */ # if !defined (S_IFMT) # define S_IFMT 0170000 # endif /* !S_IFMT */ #endif /* isc386 */ /* This text is taken directly from the Cadmus I was trying to compile on: the following MACROs are defined for X/OPEN compatibility however, is the param correct ?? #define S_ISBLK(s) ((s.st_mode & S_IFMT) == S_IFBLK) Well, the answer is no. Thus... */ #if defined (BrainDeath) # undef S_ISBLK # undef S_ISCHR # undef S_ISDIR # undef S_ISFIFO # undef S_ISREG #endif /* BrainDeath */ /* Posix 1003.1 5.6.1.1 file types */ /* Some Posix-wannabe systems define _S_IF* macros instead of S_IF*, but do not provide the S_IS* macros that Posix requires. */ #if defined (_S_IFMT) && !defined (S_IFMT) #define S_IFMT _S_IFMT #endif #if defined (_S_IFIFO) && !defined (S_IFIFO) #define S_IFIFO _S_IFIFO #endif #if defined (_S_IFCHR) && !defined (S_IFCHR) #define S_IFCHR _S_IFCHR #endif #if defined (_S_IFDIR) && !defined (S_IFDIR) #define S_IFDIR _S_IFDIR #endif #if defined (_S_IFBLK) && !defined (S_IFBLK) #define S_IFBLK _S_IFBLK #endif #if defined (_S_IFREG) && !defined (S_IFREG) #define S_IFREG _S_IFREG #endif #if defined (_S_IFLNK) && !defined (S_IFLNK) #define S_IFLNK _S_IFLNK #endif #if defined (_S_IFSOCK) && !defined (S_IFSOCK) #define S_IFSOCK _S_IFSOCK #endif /* Test for each symbol individually and define the ones necessary (some systems claiming Posix compatibility define some but not all). */ #if defined (S_IFBLK) && !defined (S_ISBLK) #define S_ISBLK(m) (((m)&S_IFMT) == S_IFBLK) /* block device */ #endif #if defined (S_IFCHR) && !defined (S_ISCHR) #define S_ISCHR(m) (((m)&S_IFMT) == S_IFCHR) /* character device */ #endif #if defined (S_IFDIR) && !defined (S_ISDIR) #define S_ISDIR(m) (((m)&S_IFMT) == S_IFDIR) /* directory */ #endif #if defined (S_IFREG) && !defined (S_ISREG) #define S_ISREG(m) (((m)&S_IFMT) == S_IFREG) /* file */ #endif #if defined (S_IFIFO) && !defined (S_ISFIFO) #define S_ISFIFO(m) (((m)&S_IFMT) == S_IFIFO) /* fifo - named pipe */ #endif #if defined (S_IFLNK) && !defined (S_ISLNK) #define S_ISLNK(m) (((m)&S_IFMT) == S_IFLNK) /* symbolic link */ #endif #if defined (S_IFSOCK) && !defined (S_ISSOCK) #define S_ISSOCK(m) (((m)&S_IFMT) == S_IFSOCK) /* socket */ #endif /* * POSIX 1003.1 5.6.1.2 File Modes */ #if !defined (S_IRWXU) # if !defined (S_IREAD) # define S_IREAD 00400 # define S_IWRITE 00200 # define S_IEXEC 00100 # endif /* S_IREAD */ # if !defined (S_IRUSR) # define S_IRUSR S_IREAD /* read, owner */ # define S_IWUSR S_IWRITE /* write, owner */ # define S_IXUSR S_IEXEC /* execute, owner */ # define S_IRGRP (S_IREAD >> 3) /* read, group */ # define S_IWGRP (S_IWRITE >> 3) /* write, group */ # define S_IXGRP (S_IEXEC >> 3) /* execute, group */ # define S_IROTH (S_IREAD >> 6) /* read, other */ # define S_IWOTH (S_IWRITE >> 6) /* write, other */ # define S_IXOTH (S_IEXEC >> 6) /* execute, other */ # endif /* !S_IRUSR */ # define S_IRWXU (S_IRUSR | S_IWUSR | S_IXUSR) # define S_IRWXG (S_IRGRP | S_IWGRP | S_IXGRP) # define S_IRWXO (S_IROTH | S_IWOTH | S_IXOTH) #endif /* !S_IRWXU */ /* These are non-standard, but are used in builtins.c$symbolic_umask() */ #define S_IRUGO (S_IRUSR | S_IRGRP | S_IROTH) #define S_IWUGO (S_IWUSR | S_IWGRP | S_IWOTH) #define S_IXUGO (S_IXUSR | S_IXGRP | S_IXOTH) #endif /* _POSIXSTAT_H */ bash-1.14.3/lib/readline/ansi_stdlib.h 664 436 0 2450 5505132121 15643 0ustar chetwheel/* ansi_stdlib.h -- An ANSI Standard stdlib.h. */ /* A minimal stdlib.h containing extern declarations for those functions that bash uses. */ /* Copyright (C) 1993 Free Software Foundation, Inc. This file is part of GNU Bash, the Bourne Again SHell. Bash is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option) any later version. Bash is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details. You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with Bash; see the file COPYING. If not, write to the Free Software Foundation, 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. */ #if !defined (_STDLIB_H_) #define _STDLIB_H_ 1 /* String conversion functions. */ extern int atoi (); extern long int atol (); /* Memory allocation functions. */ extern char *malloc (); extern char *realloc (); extern void free (); /* Other miscellaneous functions. */ extern void abort (); extern void exit (); extern char *getenv (); extern void qsort (); #endif /* _STDLIB_H */ bash-1.14.3/lib/readline/memalloc.h 664 436 0 3205 5537113626 15156 0ustar chetwheel/* memalloc.h -- consolidate code for including alloca.h or malloc.h and defining alloca. */ /* Copyright (C) 1993 Free Software Foundation, Inc. This file is part of GNU Bash, the Bourne Again SHell. Bash is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option) any later version. Bash is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details. You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with Bash; see the file COPYING. If not, write to the Free Software Foundation, 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. */ #if !defined (__MEMALLOC_H__) # define __MEMALLOC_H__ #if defined (sparc) && defined (sun) && !defined (HAVE_ALLOCA_H) # define HAVE_ALLOCA_H #endif #if defined (__GNUC__) && !defined (HAVE_ALLOCA) # define HAVE_ALLOCA #endif #if defined (HAVE_ALLOCA_H) && !defined (HAVE_ALLOCA) # define HAVE_ALLOCA #endif /* HAVE_ALLOCA_H && !HAVE_ALLOCA */ #if !defined (BUILDING_MAKEFILE) #if defined (__GNUC__) # undef alloca # define alloca __builtin_alloca #else /* !__GNUC__ */ # if defined (HAVE_ALLOCA_H) # if defined (IBMESA) # include # else /* !IBMESA */ # include # endif /* !IBMESA */ # else extern char *alloca (); # endif /* !HAVE_ALLOCA_H */ #endif /* !__GNUC__ */ #endif /* !BUILDING_MAKEFILE */ #endif /* __MEMALLOC_H__ */ bash-1.14.3/lib/termcap/ 775 436 0 0 5620515736 13005 5ustar chetwheelbash-1.14.3/lib/termcap/grot/ 775 436 0 0 5620515745 13760 5ustar chetwheelbash-1.14.3/lib/termcap/grot/termcap.info 664 436 0 4127 5416304537 16352 0ustar chetwheelThis is Info file /home/gd/gnu/termcap/termcap.info, produced by Makeinfo-1.52 from the input file /home/gd/gnu/termcap/termcap.texi. This file documents the termcap library of the GNU system. Copyright (C) 1988 Free Software Foundation, Inc. Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of this manual provided the copyright notice and this permission notice are preserved on all copies. Permission is granted to copy and distribute modified versions of this manual under the conditions for verbatim copying, provided that the entire resulting derived work is distributed under the terms of a permission notice identical to this one. Permission is granted to copy and distribute translations of this manual into another language, under the above conditions for modified versions, except that this permission notice may be stated in a translation approved by the Foundation.  Indirect: termcap.info-1: 912 termcap.info-2: 47539 termcap.info-3: 90314 termcap.info-4: 138449  Tag Table: (Indirect) Node: Top912 Node: Introduction4143 Node: Library5870 Node: Preparation6889 Node: Find8072 Node: Interrogate11620 Node: Initialize16928 Node: Padding18568 Node: Why Pad19274 Node: Not Enough20896 Node: Describe Padding23464 Node: Output Padding24954 Node: Parameters28569 Node: Encode Parameters30229 Node: Using Parameters36313 Node: tparam36908 Node: tgoto38934 Node: Data Base41489 Node: Format42385 Node: Capability Format44474 Node: Naming47539 Node: Inheriting52108 Node: Changing54352 Node: Capabilities55516 Node: Basic58255 Node: Screen Size62308 Node: Cursor Motion64048 Node: Wrapping74190 Node: Scrolling77015 Node: Windows82904 Node: Clearing83638 Node: Insdel Line85402 Node: Insdel Char90314 Node: Standout100299 Node: Underlining109357 Node: Cursor Visibility111776 Node: Bell112524 Node: Keypad113073 Node: Meta Key117794 Node: Initialization118748 Node: Pad Specs121112 Node: Status Line123165 Node: Half-Line125049 Node: Printer125851 Node: Summary127530 Node: Var Index137736 Node: Cap Index138449 Node: Index145507  End Tag Table bash-1.14.3/lib/termcap/grot/termcap.info-1 664 436 0 134663 5416304540 16553 0ustar chetwheelThis is Info file /home/gd/gnu/termcap/termcap.info, produced by Makeinfo-1.52 from the input file /home/gd/gnu/termcap/termcap.texi. This file documents the termcap library of the GNU system. Copyright (C) 1988 Free Software Foundation, Inc. Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of this manual provided the copyright notice and this permission notice are preserved on all copies. Permission is granted to copy and distribute modified versions of this manual under the conditions for verbatim copying, provided that the entire resulting derived work is distributed under the terms of a permission notice identical to this one. Permission is granted to copy and distribute translations of this manual into another language, under the above conditions for modified versions, except that this permission notice may be stated in a translation approved by the Foundation.  File: termcap.info, Node: Top, Next: Introduction, Prev: (dir), Up: (dir) * Menu: * Introduction:: What is termcap? Why this manual? * Library:: The termcap library functions. * Data Base:: What terminal descriptions in `/etc/termcap' look like. * Capabilities:: Definitions of the individual terminal capabilities: how to write them in descriptions, and how to use their values to do display updating. * Summary:: Brief table of capability names and their meanings. * Var Index:: Index of C functions and variables. * Cap Index:: Index of termcap capabilities. * Index:: Concept index. -- The Detailed Node Listing -- The Termcap Library * Preparation:: Preparing to use the termcap library. * Find:: Finding the description of the terminal being used. * Interrogate:: Interrogating the description for particular capabilities. * Initialize:: Initialization for output using termcap. * Padding:: Outputting padding. * Parameters:: Encoding parameters such as cursor positions. Padding * Why Pad:: Explanation of padding. * Not Enough:: When there is not enough padding. * Describe Padding:: The data base says how much padding a terminal needs. * Output Padding:: Using `tputs' to output the needed padding. Filling In Parameters * Encode Parameters:: The language for encoding parameters. * Using Parameters:: Outputting a string command with parameters. Sending Display Commands with Parameters * tparam:: The general case, for GNU termcap only. * tgoto:: The special case of cursor motion. The Format of the Data Base * Format:: Overall format of a terminal description. * Capability Format:: Format of capabilities within a description. * Naming:: Naming conventions for terminal types. * Inheriting:: Inheriting part of a description from a related terminal type. * Changing:: When changes in the data base take effect. Definitions of the Terminal Capabilities * Basic:: Basic characteristics. * Screen Size:: Screen size, and what happens when it changes. * Cursor Motion:: Various ways to move the cursor. * Wrapping:: What happens if you write a character in the last column. * Scrolling:: Pushing text up and down on the screen. * Windows:: Limiting the part of the window that output affects. * Clearing:: Erasing one or many lines. * Insdel Line:: Making new blank lines in mid-screen; deleting lines. * Insdel Char:: Inserting and deleting characters within a line. * Standout:: Highlighting some of the text. * Underlining:: Underlining some of the text. * Cursor Visibility:: Making the cursor more or less easy to spot. * Bell:: Attracts user's attention; not localized on the screen. * Keypad:: Recognizing when function keys or arrows are typed. * Meta Key:: META acts like an extra shift key. * Initialization:: Commands used to initialize or reset the terminal. * Pad Specs:: Info for the kernel on how much padding is needed. * Status Line:: A status line displays "background" information. * Half-Line:: Moving by half-lines, for superscripts and subscripts. * Printer:: Controlling auxiliary printers of display terminals.  File: termcap.info, Node: Introduction, Next: Library, Prev: Top, Up: Top Introduction ************ "Termcap" is a library and data base that enables programs to use display terminals in a terminal-independent manner. It originated in Berkeley Unix. The termcap data base describes the capabilities of hundreds of different display terminals in great detail. Some examples of the information recorded for a terminal could include how many columns wide it is, what string to send to move the cursor to an arbitrary position (including how to encode the row and column numbers), how to scroll the screen up one or several lines, and how much padding is needed for such a scrolling operation. The termcap library is provided for easy access this data base in programs that want to do terminal-independent character-based display output. This manual describes the GNU version of the termcap library, which has some extensions over the Unix version. All the extensions are identified as such, so this manual also tells you how to use the Unix termcap. The GNU version of the termcap library is available free as source code, for use in free programs, and runs on Unix and VMS systems (at least). You can find it in the GNU Emacs distribution in the files `termcap.c' and `tparam.c'. This manual was written for the GNU project, whose goal is to develop a complete free operating system upward-compatible with Unix for user programs. The project is approximately two thirds complete. For more information on the GNU project, including the GNU Emacs editor and the mostly-portable optimizing C compiler, send one dollar to Free Software Foundation 675 Mass Ave Cambridge, MA 02139  File: termcap.info, Node: Library, Next: Data Base, Prev: Introduction, Up: Top The Termcap Library ******************* The termcap library is the application programmer's interface to the termcap data base. It contains functions for the following purposes: * Finding the description of the user's terminal type (`tgetent'). * Interrogating the description for information on various topics (`tgetnum', `tgetflag', `tgetstr'). * Computing and performing padding (`tputs'). * Encoding numeric parameters such as cursor positions into the terminal-specific form required for display commands (`tparam', `tgoto'). * Menu: * Preparation:: Preparing to use the termcap library. * Find:: Finding the description of the terminal being used. * Interrogate:: Interrogating the description for particular capabilities. * Initialize:: Initialization for output using termcap. * Padding:: Outputting padding. * Parameters:: Encoding parameters such as cursor positions.  File: termcap.info, Node: Preparation, Next: Find, Up: Library Preparing to Use the Termcap Library ==================================== To use the termcap library in a program, you need two kinds of preparation: * The compiler needs declarations of the functions and variables in the library. On GNU systems, it suffices to include the header file `termcap.h' in each source file that uses these functions and variables. On Unix systems, there is often no such header file. Then you must explictly declare the variables as external. You can do likewise for the functions, or let them be implicitly declared and cast their values from type `int' to the appropriate type. We illustrate the declarations of the individual termcap library functions with ANSI C prototypes because they show how to pass the arguments. If you are not using the GNU C compiler, you probably cannot use function prototypes, so omit the argument types and names from your declarations. * The linker needs to search the library. Usually either `-ltermcap' or `-ltermlib' as an argument when linking will do this.  File: termcap.info, Node: Find, Next: Interrogate, Prev: Preparation, Up: Library Finding a Terminal Description: `tgetent' ========================================= An application program that is going to use termcap must first look up the description of the terminal type in use. This is done by calling `tgetent', whose declaration in ANSI Standard C looks like: int tgetent (char *BUFFER, char *TERMTYPE); This function finds the description and remembers it internally so that you can interrogate it about specific terminal capabilities (*note Interrogate::.). The argument TERMTYPE is a string which is the name for the type of terminal to look up. Usually you would obtain this from the environment variable `TERM' using `getenv ("TERM")'. If you are using the GNU version of termcap, you can alternatively ask `tgetent' to allocate enough space. Pass a null pointer for BUFFER, and `tgetent' itself allocates the storage using `malloc'. In this case the returned value on success is the address of the storage, cast to `int'. But normally there is no need for you to look at the address. Do not free the storage yourself. With the Unix version of termcap, you must allocate space for the description yourself and pass the address of the space as the argument BUFFER. There is no way you can tell how much space is needed, so the convention is to allocate a buffer 2048 characters long and assume that is enough. (Formerly the convention was to allocate 1024 characters and assume that was enough. But one day, for one kind of terminal, that was not enough.) No matter how the space to store the description has been obtained, termcap records its address internally for use when you later interrogate the description with `tgetnum', `tgetstr' or `tgetflag'. If the buffer was allocated by termcap, it will be freed by termcap too if you call `tgetent' again. If the buffer was provided by you, you must make sure that its contents remain unchanged for as long as you still plan to interrogate the description. The return value of `tgetent' is -1 if there is some difficulty accessing the data base of terminal types, 0 if the data base is accessible but the specified type is not defined in it, and some other value otherwise. Here is how you might use the function `tgetent': #ifdef unix static char term_buffer[2048]; #else #define term_buffer 0 #endif init_terminal_data () { char *termtype = getenv ("TERM"); int success; if (termtype == 0) fatal ("Specify a terminal type with `setenv TERM '.\n"); success = tgetent (term_buffer, termtype); if (success < 0) fatal ("Could not access the termcap data base.\n"); if (success == 0) fatal ("Terminal type `%s' is not defined.\n", termtype); } Here we assume the function `fatal' prints an error message and exits. If the environment variable `TERMCAP' is defined, its value is used to override the terminal type data base. The function `tgetent' checks the value of `TERMCAP' automatically. If the value starts with `/' then it is taken as a file name to use as the data base file, instead of `/etc/termcap' which is the standard data base. If the value does not start with `/' then it is itself used as the terminal description, provided that the terminal type TERMTYPE is among the types it claims to apply to. *Note Data Base::, for information on the format of a terminal description.  File: termcap.info, Node: Interrogate, Next: Initialize, Prev: Find, Up: Library Interrogating the Terminal Description ====================================== Each piece of information recorded in a terminal description is called a "capability". Each defined terminal capability has a two-letter code name and a specific meaning. For example, the number of columns is named `co'. *Note Capabilities::, for definitions of all the standard capability names. Once you have found the proper terminal description with `tgetent' (*note Find::.), your application program must "interrogate" it for various terminal capabilities. You must specify the two-letter code of the capability whose value you seek. Capability values can be numeric, boolean (capability is either present or absent) or strings. Any particular capability always has the same value type; for example, `co' always has a numeric value, while `am' (automatic wrap at margin) is always a flag, and `cm' (cursor motion command) always has a string value. The documentation of each capability says which type of value it has. There are three functions to use to get the value of a capability, depending on the type of value the capability has. Here are their declarations in ANSI C: int tgetnum (char *NAME); int tgetflag (char *NAME); char *tgetstr (char *NAME, char **AREA); `tgetnum' Use `tgetnum' to get a capability value that is numeric. The argument NAME is the two-letter code name of the capability. If the capability is present, `tgetnum' returns the numeric value (which is nonnegative). If the capability is not mentioned in the terminal description, `tgetnum' returns -1. `tgetflag' Use `tgetflag' to get a boolean value. If the capability NAME is present in the terminal description, `tgetflag' returns 1; otherwise, it returns 0. `tgetstr' Use `tgetstr' to get a string value. It returns a pointer to a string which is the capability value, or a null pointer if the capability is not present in the terminal description. There are two ways `tgetstr' can find space to store the string value: * You can ask `tgetstr' to allocate the space. Pass a null pointer for the argument AREA, and `tgetstr' will use `malloc' to allocate storage big enough for the value. Termcap will never free this storage or refer to it again; you should free it when you are finished with it. This method is more robust, since there is no need to guess how much space is needed. But it is supported only by the GNU termcap library. * You can provide the space. Provide for the argument AREA the address of a pointer variable of type `char *'. Before calling `tgetstr', initialize the variable to point at available space. Then `tgetstr' will store the string value in that space and will increment the pointer variable to point after the space that has been used. You can use the same pointer variable for many calls to `tgetstr'. There is no way to determine how much space is needed for a single string, and no way for you to prevent or handle overflow of the area you have provided. However, you can be sure that the total size of all the string values you will obtain from the terminal description is no greater than the size of the description (unless you get the same capability twice). You can determine that size with `strlen' on the buffer you provided to `tgetent'. See below for an example. Providing the space yourself is the only method supported by the Unix version of termcap. Note that you do not have to specify a terminal type or terminal description for the interrogation functions. They automatically use the description found by the most recent call to `tgetent'. Here is an example of interrogating a terminal description for various capabilities, with conditionals to select between the Unix and GNU methods of providing buffer space. char *tgetstr (); char *cl_string, *cm_string; int height; int width; int auto_wrap; char PC; /* For tputs. */ char *BC; /* For tgoto. */ char *UP; interrogate_terminal () { #ifdef UNIX /* Here we assume that an explicit term_buffer was provided to tgetent. */ char *buffer = (char *) malloc (strlen (term_buffer)); #define BUFFADDR &buffer #else #define BUFFADDR 0 #endif char *temp; /* Extract information we will use. */ cl_string = tgetstr ("cl", BUFFADDR); cm_string = tgetstr ("cm", BUFFADDR); auto_wrap = tgetflag ("am"); height = tgetnum ("li"); width = tgetnum ("co"); /* Extract information that termcap functions use. */ temp = tgetstr ("pc", BUFFADDR); PC = temp ? *temp : 0; BC = tgetstr ("le", BUFFADDR); UP = tgetstr ("up", BUFFADDR); } *Note Padding::, for information on the variable `PC'. *Note Using Parameters::, for information on `UP' and `BC'.  File: termcap.info, Node: Initialize, Next: Padding, Prev: Interrogate, Up: Library Initialization for Use of Termcap ================================= Before starting to output commands to a terminal using termcap, an application program should do two things: * Initialize various global variables which termcap library output functions refer to. These include `PC' and `ospeed' for padding (*note Output Padding::.) and `UP' and `BC' for cursor motion (*note tgoto::.). * Tell the kernel to turn off alteration and padding of horizontal-tab characters sent to the terminal. To turn off output processing in Berkeley Unix you would use `ioctl' with code `TIOCLSET' to set the bit named `LLITOUT', and clear the bits `ANYDELAY' using `TIOCSETN'. In POSIX or System V, you must clear the bit named `OPOST'. Refer to the system documentation for details. If you do not set the terminal flags properly, some older terminals will not work. This is because their commands may contain the characters that normally signify newline, carriage return and horizontal tab--characters which the kernel thinks it ought to modify before output. When you change the kernel's terminal flags, you must arrange to restore them to their normal state when your program exits. This implies that the program must catch fatal signals such as `SIGQUIT' and `SIGINT' and restore the old terminal flags before actually terminating. Modern terminals' commands do not use these special characters, so if you do not care about problems with old terminals, you can leave the kernel's terminal flags unaltered.  File: termcap.info, Node: Padding, Next: Parameters, Prev: Initialize, Up: Library Padding ======= "Padding" means outputting null characters following a terminal display command that takes a long time to execute. The terminal description says which commands require padding and how much; the function `tputs', described below, outputs a terminal command while extracting from it the padding information, and then outputs the padding that is necessary. * Menu: * Why Pad:: Explanation of padding. * Not Enough:: When there is not enough padding. * Describe Padding:: The data base says how much padding a terminal needs. * Output Padding:: Using `tputs' to output the needed padding.  File: termcap.info, Node: Why Pad, Next: Not Enough, Up: Padding Why Pad, and How ---------------- Most types of terminal have commands that take longer to execute than they do to send over a high-speed line. For example, clearing the screen may take 20msec once the entire command is received. During that time, on a 9600 bps line, the terminal could receive about 20 additional output characters while still busy clearing the screen. Every terminal has a certain amount of buffering capacity to remember output characters that cannot be processed yet, but too many slow commands in a row can cause the buffer to fill up. Then any additional output that cannot be processed immediately will be lost. To avoid this problem, we normally follow each display command with enough useless charaters (usually null characters) to fill up the time that the display command needs to execute. This does the job if the terminal throws away null characters without using up space in the buffer (which most terminals do). If enough padding is used, no output can ever be lost. The right amount of padding avoids loss of output without slowing down operation, since the time used to transmit padding is time that nothing else could be done. The number of padding characters needed for an operation depends on the line speed. In fact, it is proportional to the line speed. A 9600 baud line transmits about one character per msec, so the clear screen command in the example above would need about 20 characters of padding. At 1200 baud, however, only about 3 characters of padding are needed to fill up 20msec.  File: termcap.info, Node: Not Enough, Next: Describe Padding, Prev: Why Pad, Up: Padding When There Is Not Enough Padding -------------------------------- There are several common manifestations of insufficient padding. * Emacs displays `I-search: ^Q-' at the bottom of the screen. This means that the terminal thought its buffer was getting full of display commands, so it tried to tell the computer to stop sending any. * The screen is garbled intermittently, or the details of garbling vary when you repeat the action. (A garbled screen could be due to a command which is simply incorrect, or to user option in the terminal which doesn't match the assumptions of the terminal description, but this usually leads to reproducible failure.) This means that the buffer did get full, and some commands were lost. Many changeable factors can change which ones are lost. * Screen is garbled at high output speeds but not at low speeds. Padding problems nearly always go away at low speeds, usually even at 1200 baud. This means that a high enough speed permits commands to arrive faster than they can be executed. Although any obscure command on an obscure terminal might lack padding, in practice problems arise most often from the clearing commands `cl' and `cd' (*note Clearing::.), the scrolling commands `sf' and `sr' (*note Scrolling::.), and the line insert/delete commands `al' and `dl' (*note Insdel Line::.). Occasionally the terminal description fails to define `sf' and some programs will use `do' instead, so you may get a problem with `do'. If so, first define `sf' just like `do', then add some padding to `sf'. The best strategy is to add a lot of padding at first, perhaps 200 msec. This is much more than enough; in fact, it should cause a visible slowdown. (If you don't see a slowdown, the change has not taken effect; *note Changing::..) If this makes the problem go away, you have found the right place to add padding; now reduce the amount until the problem comes back, then increase it again. If the problem remains, either it is in some other capability or it is not a matter of padding at all. Keep in mind that on many terminals the correct padding for insert/delete line or for scrolling is cursor-position dependent. If you get problems from scrolling a large region of the screen but not from scrolling a small part (just a few lines moving), it may mean that fixed padding should be replaced with position-dependent padding.  File: termcap.info, Node: Describe Padding, Next: Output Padding, Prev: Not Enough, Up: Padding Specifying Padding in a Terminal Description -------------------------------------------- In the terminal description, the amount of padding required by each display command is recorded as a sequence of digits at the front of the command. These digits specify the padding time in milliseconds (msec). They can be followed optionally by a decimal point and one more digit, which is a number of tenths of msec. Sometimes the padding needed by a command depends on the cursor position. For example, the time taken by an "insert line" command is usually proportional to the number of lines that need to be moved down or cleared. An asterisk (`*') following the padding time says that the time should be multiplied by the number of screen lines affected by the command. :al=1.3*\E[L: is used to describe the "insert line" command for a certain terminal. The padding required is 1.3 msec per line affected. The command itself is `ESC [ L'. The padding time specified in this way tells `tputs' how many pad characters to output. *Note Output Padding::. Two special capability values affect padding for all commands. These are the `pc' and `pb'. The variable `pc' specifies the character to pad with, and `pb' the speed below which no padding is needed. The defaults for these variables, a null character and 0, are correct for most terminals. *Note Pad Specs::.  File: termcap.info, Node: Output Padding, Prev: Describe Padding, Up: Padding Performing Padding with `tputs' ------------------------------- Use the termcap function `tputs' to output a string containing an optional padding spec of the form described above (*note Describe Padding::.). The function `tputs' strips off and decodes the padding spec, outputs the rest of the string, and then outputs the appropriate padding. Here is its declaration in ANSI C: char PC; short ospeed; int tputs (char *STRING, int NLINES, int (*OUTFUN) ()); Here STRING is the string (including padding spec) to be output; NLINES is the number of lines affected by the operation, which is used to multiply the amount of padding if the padding spec ends with a `*'. Finally, OUTFUN is a function (such as `fputchar') that is called to output each character. When actually called, OUTFUN should expect one argument, a character. The operation of `tputs' is controlled by two global variables, `ospeed' and `PC'. The value of `ospeed' is supposed to be the terminal output speed, encoded as in the `ioctl' system call which gets the speed information. This is needed to compute the number of padding characters. The value of `PC' is the character used for padding. You are responsible for storing suitable values into these variables before using `tputs'. The value stored into the `PC' variable should be taken from the `pc' capability in the terminal description (*note Pad Specs::.). Store zero in `PC' if there is no `pc' capability. The argument NLINES requires some thought. Normally, it should be the number of lines whose contents will be cleared or moved by the command. For cursor motion commands, or commands that do editing within one line, use the value 1. For most commands that affect multiple lines, such as `al' (insert a line) and `cd' (clear from the cursor to the end of the screen), NLINES should be the screen height minus the current vertical position (origin 0). For multiple insert and scroll commands such as `AL' (insert multiple lines), that same value for NLINES is correct; the number of lines being inserted is not correct. If a "scroll window" feature is used to reduce the number of lines affected by a command, the value of NLINES should take this into account. This is because the delay time required depends on how much work the terminal has to do, and the scroll window feature reduces the work. *Note Scrolling::. Commands such as `ic' and `dc' (insert or delete characters) are problematical because the padding needed by these commands is proportional to the number of characters affected, which is the number of columns from the cursor to the end of the line. It would be nice to have a way to specify such a dependence, and there is no need for dependence on vertical position in these commands, so it is an obvious idea to say that for these commands NLINES should really be the number of columns affected. However, the definition of termcap clearly says that NLINES is always the number of lines affected, even in this case, where it is always 1. It is not easy to change this rule now, because too many programs and terminal descriptions have been written to follow it. Because NLINES is always 1 for the `ic' and `dc' strings, there is no reason for them to use `*', but some of them do. These should be corrected by deleting the `*'. If, some day, such entries have disappeared, it may be possible to change to a more useful convention for the NLINES argument for these operations without breaking any programs.  File: termcap.info, Node: Parameters, Prev: Padding, Up: Library Filling In Parameters ===================== Some terminal control strings require numeric "parameters". For example, when you move the cursor, you need to say what horizontal and vertical positions to move it to. The value of the terminal's `cm' capability, which says how to move the cursor, cannot simply be a string of characters; it must say how to express the cursor position numbers and where to put them within the command. The specifications of termcap include conventions as to which string-valued capabilities require parameters, how many parameters, and what the parameters mean; for example, it defines the `cm' string to take two parameters, the vertical and horizontal positions, with 0,0 being the upper left corner. These conventions are described where the individual commands are documented. Termcap also defines a language used within the capability definition for specifying how and where to encode the parameters for output. This language uses character sequences starting with `%'. (This is the same idea as `printf', but the details are different.) The language for parameter encoding is described in this section. A program that is doing display output calls the functions `tparam' or `tgoto' to encode parameters according to the specifications. These functions produce a string containing the actual commands to be output (as well a padding spec which must be processed with `tputs'; *note Padding::.). * Menu: * Encode Parameters:: The language for encoding parameters. * Using Parameters:: Outputting a string command with parameters.  File: termcap.info, Node: Encode Parameters, Next: Using Parameters, Up: Parameters Describing the Encoding ----------------------- A terminal command string that requires parameters contains special character sequences starting with `%' to say how to encode the parameters. These sequences control the actions of `tparam' and `tgoto'. The parameters values passed to `tparam' or `tgoto' are considered to form a vector. A pointer into this vector determines the next parameter to be processed. Some of the `%'-sequences encode one parameter and advance the pointer to the next parameter. Other `%'-sequences alter the pointer or alter the parameter values without generating output. For example, the `cm' string for a standard ANSI terminal is written as `\E[%i%d;%dH'. (`\E' stands for ESC.) `cm' by convention always requires two parameters, the vertical and horizontal goal positions, so this string specifies the encoding of two parameters. Here `%i' increments the two values supplied, and each `%d' encodes one of the values in decimal. If the cursor position values 20,58 are encoded with this string, the result is `\E[21;59H'. First, here are the `%'-sequences that generate output. Except for `%%', each of them encodes one parameter and advances the pointer to the following parameter. `%%' Output a single `%'. This is the only way to represent a literal `%' in a terminal command with parameters. `%%' does not use up a parameter. `%d' As in `printf', output the next parameter in decimal. `%2' Like `%02d' in `printf': output the next parameter in decimal, and always use at least two digits. `%3' Like `%03d' in `printf': output the next parameter in decimal, and always use at least three digits. Note that `%4' and so on are *not* defined. `%.' Output the next parameter as a single character whose ASCII code is the parameter value. Like `%c' in `printf'. `%+CHAR' Add the next parameter to the character CHAR, and output the resulting character. For example, `%+ ' represents 0 as a space, 1 as `!', etc. The following `%'-sequences specify alteration of the parameters (their values, or their order) rather than encoding a parameter for output. They generate no output; they are used only for their side effects on the parameters. Also, they do not advance the "next parameter" pointer except as explicitly stated. Only `%i', `%r' and `%>' are defined in standard Unix termcap. The others are GNU extensions. `%i' Increment the next two parameters. This is used for terminals that expect cursor positions in origin 1. For example, `%i%d,%d' would output two parameters with `1' for 0, `2' for 1, etc. `%r' Interchange the next two parameters. This is used for terminals whose cursor positioning command expects the horizontal position first. `%s' Skip the next parameter. Do not output anything. `%b' Back up one parameter. The last parameter used will become once again the next parameter to be output, and the next output command will use it. Using `%b' more than once, you can back up any number of parameters, and you can refer to each parameter any number of times. `%>C1C2' Conditionally increment the next parameter. Here C1 and C2 are characters which stand for their ASCII codes as numbers. If the next parameter is greater than the ASCII code of C1, the ASCII code of C2 is added to it. `%a OP TYPE POS' Perform arithmetic on the next parameter, do not use it up, and do not output anything. Here OP specifies the arithmetic operation, while TYPE and POS together specify the other operand. Spaces are used above to separate the operands for clarity; the spaces don't appear in the data base, where this sequence is exactly five characters long. The character OP says what kind of arithmetic operation to perform. It can be any of these characters: `=' assign a value to the next parameter, ignoring its old value. The new value comes from the other operand. `+' add the other operand to the next parameter. `-' subtract the other operand from the next parameter. `*' multiply the next parameter by the other operand. `/' divide the next parameter by the other operand. The "other operand" may be another parameter's value or a constant; the character TYPE says which. It can be: `p' Use another parameter. The character POS says which parameter to use. Subtract 64 from its ASCII code to get the position of the desired parameter relative to this one. Thus, the character `A' as POS means the parameter after the next one; the character `?' means the parameter before the next one. `c' Use a constant value. The character POS specifies the value of the constant. The 0200 bit is cleared out, so that 0200 can be used to represent zero. The following `%'-sequences are special purpose hacks to compensate for the weird designs of obscure terminals. They modify the next parameter or the next two parameters but do not generate output and do not use up any parameters. `%m' is a GNU extension; the others are defined in standard Unix termcap. `%n' Exclusive-or the next parameter with 0140, and likewise the parameter after next. `%m' Complement all the bits of the next parameter and the parameter after next. `%B' Encode the next parameter in BCD. It alters the value of the parameter by adding six times the quotient of the parameter by ten. Here is a C statement that shows how the new value is computed: PARM = (PARM / 10) * 16 + PARM % 10; `%D' Transform the next parameter as needed by Delta Data terminals. This involves subtracting twice the remainder of the parameter by 16. PARM -= 2 * (PARM % 16);  File: termcap.info, Node: Using Parameters, Prev: Encode Parameters, Up: Parameters Sending Display Commands with Parameters ---------------------------------------- The termcap library functions `tparam' and `tgoto' serve as the analog of `printf' for terminal string parameters. The newer function `tparam' is a GNU extension, more general but missing from Unix termcap. The original parameter-encoding function is `tgoto', which is preferable for cursor motion. * Menu: * tparam:: The general case, for GNU termcap only. * tgoto:: The special case of cursor motion.  File: termcap.info, Node: tparam, Next: tgoto, Up: Using Parameters `tparam' -------- The function `tparam' can encode display commands with any number of parameters and allows you to specify the buffer space. It is the preferred function for encoding parameters for all but the `cm' capability. Its ANSI C declaration is as follows: char *tparam (char *CTLSTRING, char *BUFFER, int SIZE, int PARM1,...) The arguments are a control string CTLSTRING (the value of a terminal capability, presumably), an output buffer BUFFER and SIZE, and any number of integer parameters to be encoded. The effect of `tparam' is to copy the control string into the buffer, encoding parameters according to the `%' sequences in the control string. You describe the output buffer by its address, BUFFER, and its size in bytes, SIZE. If the buffer is not big enough for the data to be stored in it, `tparam' calls `malloc' to get a larger buffer. In either case, `tparam' returns the address of the buffer it ultimately uses. If the value equals BUFFER, your original buffer was used. Otherwise, a new buffer was allocated, and you must free it after you are done with printing the results. If you pass zero for SIZE and BUFFER, `tparam' always allocates the space with `malloc'. All capabilities that require parameters also have the ability to specify padding, so you should use `tputs' to output the string produced by `tparam'. *Note Padding::. Here is an example. { char *buf; char buffer[40]; buf = tparam (command, buffer, 40, parm); tputs (buf, 1, fputchar); if (buf != buffer) free (buf); } If a parameter whose value is zero is encoded with `%.'-style encoding, the result is a null character, which will confuse `tputs'. This would be a serious problem, but luckily `%.' encoding is used only by a few old models of terminal, and only for the `cm' capability. To solve the problem, use `tgoto' rather than `tparam' to encode the `cm' capability.  File: termcap.info, Node: tgoto, Prev: tparam, Up: Using Parameters `tgoto' ------- The special case of cursor motion is handled by `tgoto'. There are two reasons why you might choose to use `tgoto': * For Unix compatibility, because Unix termcap does not have `tparam'. * For the `cm' capability, since `tgoto' has a special feature to avoid problems with null characters, tabs and newlines on certain old terminal types that use `%.' encoding for that capability. Here is how `tgoto' might be declared in ANSI C: char *tgoto (char *CSTRING, int HPOS, int VPOS) There are three arguments, the terminal description's `cm' string and the two cursor position numbers; `tgoto' computes the parametrized string in an internal static buffer and returns the address of that buffer. The next time you use `tgoto' the same buffer will be reused. Parameters encoded with `%.' encoding can generate null characters, tabs or newlines. These might cause trouble: the null character because `tputs' would think that was the end of the string, the tab because the kernel or other software might expand it into spaces, and the newline becaue the kernel might add a carriage-return, or padding characters normally used for a newline. To prevent such problems, `tgoto' is careful to avoid these characters. Here is how this works: if the target cursor position value is such as to cause a problem (that is to say, zero, nine or ten), `tgoto' increments it by one, then compensates by appending a string to move the cursor back or up one position. The compensation strings to use for moving back or up are found in global variables named `BC' and `UP'. These are actual external C variables with upper case names; they are declared `char *'. It is up to you to store suitable values in them, normally obtained from the `le' and `up' terminal capabilities in the terminal description with `tgetstr'. Alternatively, if these two variables are both zero, the feature of avoiding nulls, tabs and newlines is turned off. It is safe to use `tgoto' for commands other than `cm' only if you have stored zero in `BC' and `UP'. Note that `tgoto' reverses the order of its operands: the horizontal position comes before the vertical position in the arguments to `tgoto', even though the vertical position comes before the horizontal in the parameters of the `cm' string. If you use `tgoto' with a command such as `AL' that takes one parameter, you must pass the parameter to `tgoto' as the "vertical position".  File: termcap.info, Node: Data Base, Next: Capabilities, Prev: Library, Up: Top The Format of the Data Base *************************** The termcap data base of terminal descriptions is stored in the file `/etc/termcap'. It contains terminal descriptions, blank lines, and comments. A terminal description starts with one or more names for the terminal type. The information in the description is a series of "capability names" and values. The capability names have standard meanings (*note Capabilities::.) and their values describe the terminal. * Menu: * Format:: Overall format of a terminal description. * Capability Format:: Format of capabilities within a description. * Naming:: Naming conventions for terminal types. * Inheriting:: Inheriting part of a description from a related terminal type. * Changing:: When changes in the data base take effect.  File: termcap.info, Node: Format, Next: Capability Format, Up: Data Base Terminal Description Format =========================== Aside from comments (lines starting with `#', which are ignored), each nonblank line in the termcap data base is a terminal description. A terminal description is nominally a single line, but it can be split into multiple lines by inserting the two characters `\ newline'. This sequence is ignored wherever it appears in a description. The preferred way to split the description is between capabilities: insert the four characters `: \ newline tab' immediately before any colon. This allows each sub-line to start with some indentation. This works because, after the `\ newline' are ignored, the result is `: tab :'; the first colon ends the preceding capability and the second colon starts the next capability. If you split with `\ newline' alone, you may not add any indentation after them. Here is a real example of a terminal description: dw|vt52|DEC vt52:\ :cr=^M:do=^J:nl=^J:bl=^G:\ :le=^H:bs:cd=\EJ:ce=\EK:cl=\EH\EJ:\ :cm=\EY%+ %+ :co#80:li#24:\ :nd=\EC:ta=^I:pt:sr=\EI:up=\EA:\ :ku=\EA:kd=\EB:kr=\EC:kl=\ED:kb=^H: Each terminal description begins with several names for the terminal type. The names are separated by `|' characters, and a colon ends the last name. The first name should be two characters long; it exists only for the sake of very old Unix systems and is never used in modern systems. The last name should be a fully verbose name such as "DEC vt52" or "Ann Arbor Ambassador with 48 lines". The other names should include whatever the user ought to be able to specify to get this terminal type, such as `vt52' or `aaa-48'. *Note Naming::, for information on how to choose terminal type names. After the terminal type names come the terminal capabilities, separated by colons and with a colon after the last one. Each capability has a two-letter name, such as `cm' for "cursor motion string" or `li' for "number of display lines".  File: termcap.info, Node: Capability Format, Next: Naming, Prev: Format, Up: Data Base Writing the Capabilities ======================== There are three kinds of capabilities: flags, numbers, and strings. Each kind has its own way of being written in the description. Each defined capability has by convention a particular kind of value; for example, `li' always has a numeric value and `cm' always a string value. A flag capability is thought of as having a boolean value: the value is true if the capability is present, false if not. When the capability is present, just write its name between two colons. A numeric capability has a value which is a nonnegative number. Write the capability name, a `#', and the number, between two colons. For example, `...:li#48:...' is how you specify the `li' capability for 48 lines. A string-valued capability has a value which is a sequence of characters. Usually these are the characters used to perform some display operation. Write the capability name, a `=', and the characters of the value, between two colons. For example, `...:cm=\E[%i%d;%dH:...' is how the cursor motion command for a standard ANSI terminal would be specified. Special characters in the string value can be expressed using `\'-escape sequences as in C; in addition, `\E' stands for ESC. `^' is also a kind of escape character; `^' followed by CHAR stands for the control-equivalent of CHAR. Thus, `^a' stands for the character control-a, just like `\001'. `\' and `^' themselves can be represented as `\\' and `\^'. To include a colon in the string, you must write `\072'. You might ask, "Why can't `\:' be used to represent a colon?" The reason is that the interrogation functions do not count slashes while looking for a capability. Even if `:ce=ab\:cd:' were interpreted as giving the `ce' capability the value `ab:cd', it would also appear to define `cd' as a flag. The string value will often contain digits at the front to specify padding (*note Padding::.) and/or `%'-sequences within to specify how to encode parameters (*note Parameters::.). Although these things are not to be output literally to the terminal, they are considered part of the value of the capability. They are special only when the string value is processed by `tputs', `tparam' or `tgoto'. By contrast, `\' and `^' are considered part of the syntax for specifying the characters in the string. Let's look at the VT52 example again: dw|vt52|DEC vt52:\ :cr=^M:do=^J:nl=^J:bl=^G:\ :le=^H:bs:cd=\EJ:ce=\EK:cl=\EH\EJ:\ :cm=\EY%+ %+ :co#80:li#24:\ :nd=\EC:ta=^I:pt:sr=\EI:up=\EA:\ :ku=\EA:kd=\EB:kr=\EC:kl=\ED:kb=^H: Here we see the numeric-valued capabilities `co' and `li', the flags `bs' and `pt', and many string-valued capabilities. Most of the strings start with ESC represented as `\E'. The rest contain control characters represented using `^'. The meanings of the individual capabilities are defined elsewhere (*note Capabilities::.). bash-1.14.3/lib/termcap/grot/termcap.info-2 664 436 0 125247 5416304540 16552 0ustar chetwheelThis is Info file /home/gd/gnu/termcap/termcap.info, produced by Makeinfo-1.52 from the input file /home/gd/gnu/termcap/termcap.texi. This file documents the termcap library of the GNU system. Copyright (C) 1988 Free Software Foundation, Inc. Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of this manual provided the copyright notice and this permission notice are preserved on all copies. Permission is granted to copy and distribute modified versions of this manual under the conditions for verbatim copying, provided that the entire resulting derived work is distributed under the terms of a permission notice identical to this one. Permission is granted to copy and distribute translations of this manual into another language, under the above conditions for modified versions, except that this permission notice may be stated in a translation approved by the Foundation.  File: termcap.info, Node: Naming, Next: Inheriting, Prev: Capability Format, Up: Data Base Terminal Type Name Conventions ============================== There are conventions for choosing names of terminal types. For one thing, all letters should be in lower case. The terminal type for a terminal in its most usual or most fundamental mode of operation should not have a hyphen in it. If the same terminal has other modes of operation which require different terminal descriptions, these variant descriptions are given names made by adding suffixes with hyphens. Such alternate descriptions are used for two reasons: * When the terminal has a switch that changes its behavior. Since the computer cannot tell how the switch is set, the user must tell the computer by choosing the appropriate terminal type name. For example, the VT-100 has a setup flag that controls whether the cursor wraps at the right margin. If this flag is set to "wrap", you must use the terminal type `vt100-am'. Otherwise you must use `vt100-nam'. Plain `vt100' is defined as a synonym for either `vt100-am' or `vt100-nam' depending on the preferences of the local site. The standard suffix `-am' stands for "automatic margins". * To give the user a choice in how to use the terminal. This is done when the terminal has a switch that the computer normally controls. For example, the Ann Arbor Ambassador can be configured with many screen sizes ranging from 20 to 60 lines. Fewer lines make bigger characters but more lines let you see more of what you are editing. As a result, users have different preferences. Therefore, termcap provides terminal types for many screen sizes. If you choose type `aaa-30', the terminal will be configured to use 30 lines; if you choose `aaa-48', 48 lines will be used, and so on. Here is a list of standard suffixes and their conventional meanings: `-w' Short for "wide". This is a mode that gives the terminal more columns than usual. This is normally a user option. `-am' "Automatic margins". This is an alternate description for use when the terminal's margin-wrap switch is on; it contains the `am' flag. The implication is that normally the switch is off and the usual description for the terminal says that the switch is off. `-nam' "No automatic margins". The opposite of `-am', this names an alternative description which lacks the `am' flag. This implies that the terminal is normally operated with the margin-wrap switch turned on, and the normal description of the terminal says so. `-na' "No arrows". This terminal description initializes the terminal to keep its arrow keys in local mode. This is a user option. `-rv' "Reverse video". This terminal description causes text output for normal video to appear as reverse, and text output for reverse video to come out as normal. Often this description differs from the usual one by interchanging the two strings which turn reverse video on and off. This is a user option; you can choose either the "reverse video" variant terminal type or the normal terminal type, and termcap will obey. `-s' "Status". Says to enable use of a status line which ordinary output does not touch (*note Status Line::.). Some terminals have a special line that is used only as a status line. For these terminals, there is no need for an `-s' variant; the status line commands should be defined by default. On other terminals, enabling a status line means removing one screen line from ordinary use and reducing the effective screen height. For these terminals, the user can choose the `-s' variant type to request use of a status line. `-NLINES' Says to operate with NLINES lines on the screen, for terminals such as the Ambassador which provide this as an option. Normally this is a user option; by choosing the terminal type, you control how many lines termcap will use. `-NPAGESp' Says that the terminal has NPAGES pages worth of screen memory, for terminals where this is a hardware option. `-unk' Says that description is not for direct use, but only for reference in `tc' capabilities. Such a description is a kind of subroutine, because it describes the common characteristics of several variant descriptions that would use other suffixes in place of `-unk'.  File: termcap.info, Node: Inheriting, Next: Changing, Prev: Naming, Up: Data Base Inheriting from Related Descriptions ==================================== When two terminal descriptions are similar, their identical parts do not need to be given twice. Instead, one of the two can be defined in terms of the other, using the `tc' capability. We say that one description "refers to" the other, or "inherits from" the other. The `tc' capability must be the last one in the terminal description, and its value is a string which is the name of another terminal type which is referred to. For example, N9|aaa|ambassador|aaa-30|ann arbor ambassador/30 lines:\ :ti=\E[2J\E[30;0;0;30p:\ :te=\E[60;0;0;30p\E[30;1H\E[J:\ :li#30:tc=aaa-unk: defines the terminal type `aaa-30' (also known as plain `aaa') in terms of `aaa-unk', which defines everything about the Ambassador that is independent of screen height. The types `aaa-36', `aaa-48' and so on for other screen heights are likewise defined to inherit from `aaa-unk'. The capabilities overridden by `aaa-30' include `li', which says how many lines there are, and `ti' and `te', which configure the terminal to use that many lines. The effective terminal description for type `aaa' consists of the text shown above followed by the text of the description of `aaa-unk'. The `tc' capability is handled automatically by `tgetent', which finds the description thus referenced and combines the two descriptions (*note Find::.). Therefore, only the implementor of the terminal descriptions needs to think about using `tc'. Users and application programmers do not need to be concerned with it. Since the reference terminal description is used last, capabilities specified in the referring description override any specifications of the same capabilities in the reference description. The referring description can cancel out a capability without specifying any new value for it by means of a special trick. Write the capability in the referring description, with the character `@' after the capability name, as follows: NZ|aaa-30-nam|ann arbor ambassador/30 lines/no automatic-margins:\ :am@:tc=aaa-30:  File: termcap.info, Node: Changing, Prev: Inheriting, Up: Data Base When Changes in the Data Base Take Effect ========================================= Each application program must read the terminal description from the data base, so a change in the data base is effective for all jobs started after the change is made. The change will usually have no effect on a job that have been in existence since before the change. The program probably read the terminal description once, when it was started, and is continuing to use what it read then. If the program does not have a feature for reexamining the data base, then you will need to run it again (probably killing the old job). If the description in use is coming from the `TERMCAP' environment variable, then the data base file is effectively overridden, and changes in it will have no effect until you change the `TERMCAP' variable as well. For example, some users' `.login' files automatically copy the terminal description into `TERMCAP' to speed startup of applications. If you have done this, you will need to change the `TERMCAP' variable to make the changed data base take effect.  File: termcap.info, Node: Capabilities, Next: Summary, Prev: Data Base, Up: Top Definitions of the Terminal Capabilities **************************************** This section is divided into many subsections, each for one aspect of use of display terminals. For writing a display program, you usually need only check the subsections for the operations you want to use. For writing a terminal description, you must read each subsection and fill in the capabilities described there. String capabilities that are display commands may require numeric parameters (*note Parameters::.). Most such capabilities do not use parameters. When a capability requires parameters, this is explicitly stated at the beginning of its definition. In simple cases, the first or second sentence of the definition mentions all the parameters, in the order they should be given, using a name in upper case for each one. For example, the `rp' capability is a command that requires two parameters; its definition begins as follows: String of commands to output a graphic character C, repeated N times. In complex cases or when there are many parameters, they are described explicitly. When a capability is described as obsolete, this means that programs should not be written to look for it, but terminal descriptions should still be written to provide it. When a capability is described as very obsolete, this means that it should be omitted from terminal descriptions as well. * Menu: * Basic:: Basic characteristics. * Screen Size:: Screen size, and what happens when it changes. * Cursor Motion:: Various ways to move the cursor. * Wrapping:: What happens if you write a character in the last column. * Scrolling:: Pushing text up and down on the screen. * Windows:: Limiting the part of the window that output affects. * Clearing:: Erasing one or many lines. * Insdel Line:: Making new blank lines in mid-screen; deleting lines. * Insdel Char:: Inserting and deleting characters within a line. * Standout:: Highlighting some of the text. * Underlining:: Underlining some of the text. * Cursor Visibility:: Making the cursor more or less easy to spot. * Bell:: Attracts user's attention; not localized on the screen. * Keypad:: Recognizing when function keys or arrows are typed. * Meta Key:: META acts like an extra shift key. * Initialization:: Commands used to initialize or reset the terminal. * Pad Specs:: Info for the kernel on how much padding is needed. * Status Line:: A status line displays "background" information. * Half-Line:: Moving by half-lines, for superscripts and subscripts. * Printer:: Controlling auxiliary printers of display terminals.  File: termcap.info, Node: Basic, Next: Screen Size, Up: Capabilities Basic Characteristics ===================== This section documents the capabilities that describe the basic and nature of the terminal, and also those that are relevant to the output of graphic characters. `os' Flag whose presence means that the terminal can overstrike. This means that outputting a graphic character does not erase whatever was present in the same character position before. The terminals that can overstrike include printing terminals, storage tubes (all obsolete nowadays), and many bit-map displays. `eo' Flag whose presence means that outputting a space erases a character position even if the terminal supports overstriking. If this flag is not present and overstriking is supported, output of a space has no effect except to move the cursor. (On terminals that do not support overstriking, you can always assume that outputting a space at a position erases whatever character was previously displayed there.) `gn' Flag whose presence means that this terminal type is a generic type which does not really describe any particular terminal. Generic types are intended for use as the default type assigned when the user connects to the system, with the intention that the user should specify what type he really has. One example of a generic type is the type `network'. Since the generic type cannot say how to do anything interesting with the terminal, termcap-using programs will always find that the terminal is too weak to be supported if the user has failed to specify a real terminal type in place of the generic one. The `gn' flag directs these programs to use a different error message: "You have not specified your real terminal type", rather than "Your terminal is not powerful enough to be used". `hc' Flag whose presence means this is a hardcopy terminal. `rp' String of commands to output a graphic character C, repeated N times. The first parameter value is the ASCII code for the desired character, and the second parameter is the number of times to repeat the character. Often this command requires padding proportional to the number of times the character is repeated. This effect can be had by using parameter arithmetic with `%'-sequences to compute the amount of padding, then generating the result as a number at the front of the string so that `tputs' will treat it as padding. `hz' Flag whose presence means that the ASCII character `~' cannot be output on this terminal because it is used for display commands. Programs handle this flag by checking all text to be output and replacing each `~' with some other character(s). If this is not done, the screen will be thoroughly garbled. The old Hazeltine terminals that required such treatment are probably very rare today, so you might as well not bother to support this flag. `CC' String whose presence means the terminal has a settable command character. The value of the string is the default command character (which is usually ESC). All the strings of commands in the terminal description should be written to use the default command character. If you are writing an application program that changes the command character, use the `CC' capability to figure out how to translate all the display commands to work with the new command character. Most programs have no reason to look at the `CC' capability. `xb' Flag whose presence identifies Superbee terminals which are unable to transmit the characters ESC and `Control-C'. Programs which support this flag are supposed to check the input for the code sequences sent by the F1 and F2 keys, and pretend that ESC or `Control-C' (respectively) had been read. But this flag is obsolete, and not worth supporting.  File: termcap.info, Node: Screen Size, Next: Cursor Motion, Prev: Basic, Up: Capabilities Screen Size =========== A terminal description has two capabilities, `co' and `li', that describe the screen size in columns and lines. But there is more to the question of screen size than this. On some operating systems the "screen" is really a window and the effective width can vary. On some of these systems, `tgetnum' uses the actual width of the window to decide what value to return for the `co' capability, overriding what is actually written in the terminal description. On other systems, it is up to the application program to check the actual window width using a system call. For example, on BSD 4.3 systems, the system call `ioctl' with code `TIOCGWINSZ' will tell you the current screen size. On all window systems, termcap is powerless to advise the application program if the user resizes the window. Application programs must deal with this possibility in a system-dependent fashion. On some systems the C shell handles part of the problem by detecting changes in window size and setting the `TERMCAP' environment variable appropriately. This takes care of application programs that are started subsequently. It does not help application programs already running. On some systems, including BSD 4.3, all programs using a terminal get a signal named `SIGWINCH' whenever the screen size changes. Programs that use termcap should handle this signal by using `ioctl TIOCGWINSZ' to learn the new screen size. `co' Numeric value, the width of the screen in character positions. Even hardcopy terminals normally have a `co' capability. `li' Numeric value, the height of the screen in lines.  File: termcap.info, Node: Cursor Motion, Next: Wrapping, Prev: Screen Size, Up: Capabilities Cursor Motion ============= Termcap assumes that the terminal has a "cursor", a spot on the screen where a visible mark is displayed, and that most display commands take effect at the position of the cursor. It follows that moving the cursor to a specified location is very important. There are many terminal capabilities for different cursor motion operations. A terminal description should define as many as possible, but most programs do not need to use most of them. One capability, `cm', moves the cursor to an arbitrary place on the screen; this by itself is sufficient for any application as long as there is no need to support hardcopy terminals or certain old, weak displays that have only relative motion commands. Use of other cursor motion capabilities is an optimization, enabling the program to output fewer characters in some common cases. If you plan to use the relative cursor motion commands in an application program, you must know what the starting cursor position is. To do this, you must keep track of the cursor position and update the records each time anything is output to the terminal, including graphic characters. In addition, it is necessary to know whether the terminal wraps after writing in the rightmost column. *Note Wrapping::. One other motion capability needs special mention: `nw' moves the cursor to the beginning of the following line, perhaps clearing all the starting line after the cursor, or perhaps not clearing at all. This capability is a least common denominator that is probably supported even by terminals that cannot do most other things such as `cm' or `do'. Even hardcopy terminals can support `nw'. `cm' String of commands to position the cursor at line L, column C. Both parameters are origin-zero, and are defined relative to the screen, not relative to display memory. All display terminals except a few very obsolete ones support `cm', so it is acceptable for an application program to refuse to operate on terminals lacking `cm'. `ho' String of commands to move the cursor to the upper left corner of the screen (this position is called the "home position"). In terminals where the upper left corner of the screen is not the same as the beginning of display memory, this command must go to the upper left corner of the screen, not the beginning of display memory. Every display terminal supports this capability, and many application programs refuse to operate if the `ho' capability is missing. `ll' String of commands to move the cursor to the lower left corner of the screen. On some terminals, moving up from home position does this, but programs should never assume that will work. Just output the `ll' string (if it is provided); if moving to home position and then moving up is the best way to get there, the `ll' command will do that. `cr' String of commands to move the cursor to the beginning of the line it is on. If this capability is not specified, many programs assume they can use the ASCII carriage return character for this. `le' String of commands to move the cursor left one column. Unless the `bw' flag capability is specified, the effect is undefined if the cursor is at the left margin; do not use this command there. If `bw' is present, this command may be used at the left margin, and it wraps the cursor to the last column of the preceding line. `nd' String of commands to move the cursor right one column. The effect is undefined if the cursor is at the right margin; do not use this command there, not even if `am' is present. `up' String of commands to move the cursor vertically up one line. The effect of sending this string when on the top line is undefined; programs should never use it that way. `do' String of commands to move the cursor vertically down one line. The effect of sending this string when on the bottom line is undefined; programs should never use it that way. Some programs do use `do' to scroll up one line if used at the bottom line, if `sf' is not defined but `sr' is. This is only to compensate for certain old, incorrect terminal descriptions. (In principle this might actually lead to incorrect behavior on other terminals, but that seems to happen rarely if ever.) But the proper solution is that the terminal description should define `sf' as well as `do' if the command is suitable for scrolling. The original idea was that this string would not contain a newline character and therefore could be used without disabling the kernel's usual habit of converting of newline into a carriage-return newline sequence. But many terminal descriptions do use newline in the `do' string, so this is not possible; a program which sends the `do' string must disable output conversion in the kernel (*note Initialize::.). `bw' Flag whose presence says that `le' may be used in column zero to move to the last column of the preceding line. If this flag is not present, `le' should not be used in column zero. `nw' String of commands to move the cursor to start of next line, possibly clearing rest of line (following the cursor) before moving. `DO', `UP', `LE', `RI' Strings of commands to move the cursor N lines down vertically, up vertically, or N columns left or right. Do not attempt to move past any edge of the screen with these commands; the effect of trying that is undefined. Only a few terminal descriptions provide these commands, and most programs do not use them. `CM' String of commands to position the cursor at line L, column C, relative to display memory. Both parameters are origin-zero. This capability is present only in terminals where there is a difference between screen-relative and memory-relative addressing, and not even in all such terminals. `ch' String of commands to position the cursor at column C in the same line it is on. This is a special case of `cm' in which the vertical position is not changed. The `ch' capability is provided only when it is faster to output than `cm' would be in this special case. Programs should not assume most display terminals have `ch'. `cv' String of commands to position the cursor at line L in the same column. This is a special case of `cm' in which the horizontal position is not changed. The `cv' capability is provided only when it is faster to output than `cm' would be in this special case. Programs should not assume most display terminals have `cv'. `sc' String of commands to make the terminal save the current cursor position. Only the last saved position can be used. If this capability is present, `rc' should be provided also. Most terminals have neither. `rc' String of commands to make the terminal restore the last saved cursor position. If this capability is present, `sc' should be provided also. Most terminals have neither. `ff' String of commands to advance to the next page, for a hardcopy terminal. `ta' String of commands to move the cursor right to the next hardware tab stop column. Missing if the terminal does not have any kind of hardware tabs. Do not send this command if the kernel's terminal modes say that the kernel is expanding tabs into spaces. `bt' String of commands to move the cursor left to the previous hardware tab stop column. Missing if the terminal has no such ability; many terminals do not. Do not send this command if the kernel's terminal modes say that the kernel is expanding tabs into spaces. The following obsolete capabilities should be included in terminal descriptions when appropriate, but should not be looked at by new programs. `nc' Flag whose presence means the terminal does not support the ASCII carriage return character as `cr'. This flag is needed because old programs assume, when the `cr' capability is missing, that ASCII carriage return can be used for the purpose. We use `nc' to tell the old programs that carriage return may not be used. New programs should not assume any default for `cr', so they need not look at `nc'. However, descriptions should contain `nc' whenever they do not contain `cr'. `xt' Flag whose presence means that the ASCII tab character may not be used for cursor motion. This flag exists because old programs assume, when the `ta' capability is missing, that ASCII tab can be used for the purpose. We use `xt' to tell the old programs not to use tab. New programs should not assume any default for `ta', so they need not look at `xt' in connection with cursor motion. Note that `xt' also has implications for standout mode (*note Standout::.). It is obsolete in regard to cursor motion but not in regard to standout. In fact, `xt' means that the terminal is a Teleray 1061. `bc' Very obsolete alternative name for the `le' capability. `bs' Flag whose presence means that the ASCII character backspace may be used to move the cursor left. Obsolete; look at `le' instead. `nl' Obsolete capability which is a string that can either be used to move the cursor down or to scroll. The same string must scroll when used on the bottom line and move the cursor when used on any other line. New programs should use `do' or `sf', and ignore `nl'. If there is no `nl' capability, some old programs assume they can use the newline character for this purpose. These programs follow a bad practice, but because they exist, it is still desirable to define the `nl' capability in a terminal description if the best way to move down is *not* a newline.  File: termcap.info, Node: Wrapping, Next: Scrolling, Prev: Cursor Motion, Up: Capabilities Wrapping ======== "Wrapping" means moving the cursor from the right margin to the left margin of the following line. Some terminals wrap automatically when a graphic character is output in the last column, while others do not. Most application programs that use termcap need to know whether the terminal wraps. There are two special flag capabilities to describe what the terminal does when a graphic character is output in the last column. `am' Flag whose presence means that writing a character in the last column causes the cursor to wrap to the beginning of the next line. If `am' is not present, writing in the last column leaves the cursor at the place where the character was written. Writing in the last column of the last line should be avoided on terminals with `am', as it may or may not cause scrolling to occur (*note Scrolling::.). Scrolling is surely not what you would intend. If your program needs to check the `am' flag, then it also needs to check the `xn' flag which indicates that wrapping happens in a strange way. Many common terminals have the `xn' flag. `xn' Flag whose presence means that the cursor wraps in a strange way. At least two distinct kinds of strange behavior are known; the termcap data base does not contain anything to distinguish the two. On Concept-100 terminals, output in the last column wraps the cursor almost like an ordinary `am' terminal. But if the next thing output is a newline, it is ignored. DEC VT-100 terminals (when the wrap switch is on) do a different strange thing: the cursor wraps only if the next thing output is another graphic character. In fact, the wrap occurs when the following graphic character is received by the terminal, before the character is placed on the screen. On both of these terminals, after writing in the last column a following graphic character will be displayed in the first column of the following line. But the effect of relative cursor motion characters such as newline or backspace at such a time depends on the terminal. The effect of erase or scrolling commands also depends on the terminal. You can't assume anything about what they will do on a terminal that has `xn'. So, to be safe, you should never do these things at such a time on such a terminal. To be sure of reliable results on a terminal which has the `xn' flag, output a `cm' absolute positioning command after writing in the last column. Another safe thing to do is to output carriage-return newline, which will leave the cursor at the beginning of the following line.  File: termcap.info, Node: Scrolling, Next: Windows, Prev: Wrapping, Up: Capabilities Scrolling ========= "Scrolling" means moving the contents of the screen up or down one or more lines. Moving the contents up is "forward scrolling"; moving them down is "reverse scrolling". Scrolling happens after each line of output during ordinary output on most display terminals. But in an application program that uses termcap for random-access output, scrolling happens only when explicitly requested with the commands in this section. Some terminals have a "scroll region" feature. This lets you limit the effect of scrolling to a specified range of lines. Lines outside the range are unaffected when scrolling happens. The scroll region feature is available if either `cs' or `cS' is present. `sf' String of commands to scroll the screen one line up, assuming it is output with the cursor at the beginning of the bottom line. `sr' String of commands to scroll the screen one line down, assuming it is output with the cursor at the beginning of the top line. `do' A few programs will try to use `do' to do the work of `sf'. This is not really correct--it is an attempt to compensate for the absence of a `sf' command in some old terminal descriptions. Since these terminal descriptions do define `sr', perhaps at one time the definition of `do' was different and it could be used for scrolling as well. But it isn't desirable to combine these two functions in one capability, since scrolling often requires more padding than simply moving the cursor down. Defining `sf' and `do' separately allows you to specify the padding properly. Also, all sources agree that `do' should not be relied on to do scrolling. So the best approach is to add `sf' capabilities to the descriptions of these terminals, copying the definition of `do' if that does scroll. `SF' String of commands to scroll the screen N lines up, assuming it is output with the cursor at the beginning of the bottom line. `SR' String of commands to scroll the screen N lines down, assuming it is output with the cursor at the beginning of the top line. `cs' String of commands to set the scroll region. This command takes two parameters, START and END, which are the line numbers (origin-zero) of the first line to include in the scroll region and of the last line to include in it. When a scroll region is set, scrolling is limited to the specified range of lines; lines outside the range are not affected by scroll commands. Do not try to move the cursor outside the scroll region. The region remains set until explicitly removed. To remove the scroll region, use another `cs' command specifying the full height of the screen. The cursor position is undefined after the `cs' command is set, so position the cursor with `cm' immediately afterward. `cS' String of commands to set the scroll region using parameters in different form. The effect is the same as if `cs' were used. Four parameters are required: 1. Total number of lines on the screen. 2. Number of lines above desired scroll region. 3. Number of lines below (outside of) desired scroll region. 4. Total number of lines on the screen, the same as the first parameter. This capability is a GNU extension that was invented to allow the Ann Arbor Ambassador's scroll-region command to be described; it could also be done by putting non-Unix `%'-sequences into a `cs' string, but that would have confused Unix programs that used the `cs' capability with the Unix termcap. Currently only GNU Emacs uses the `cS' capability. `ns' Flag which means that the terminal does not normally scroll for ordinary sequential output. For modern terminals, this means that outputting a newline in ordinary sequential output with the cursor on the bottom line wraps to the top line. For some obsolete terminals, other things may happen. The terminal may be able to scroll even if it does not normally do so. If the `sf' capability is provided, it can be used for scrolling regardless of `ns'. `da' Flag whose presence means that lines scrolled up off the top of the screen may come back if scrolling down is done subsequently. The `da' and `db' flags do not, strictly speaking, affect how to scroll. But programs that scroll usually need to clear the lines scrolled onto the screen, if these flags are present. `db' Flag whose presence means that lines scrolled down off the bottom of the screen may come back if scrolling up is done subsequently. `lm' Numeric value, the number of lines of display memory that the terminal has. A value of zero means that the terminal has more display memory than can fit on the screen, but no fixed number of lines. (The number of lines may depend on the amount of text in each line.) Any terminal description that defines `SF' should also define `sf'; likewise for `SR' and `sr'. However, many terminals can only scroll by one line at a time, so it is common to find `sf' and not `SF', or `sr' without `SR'. Therefore, all programs that use the scrolling facilities should be prepared to work with `sf' in the case that `SF' is absent, and likewise with `sr'. On the other hand, an application program that uses only `sf' and not `SF' is acceptable, though slow on some terminals. When outputting a scroll command with `tputs', the NLINES argument should be the total number of lines in the portion of the screen being scrolled. Very often these commands require padding proportional to this number of lines. *Note Padding::.  File: termcap.info, Node: Windows, Next: Clearing, Prev: Scrolling, Up: Capabilities Windows ======= A "window", in termcap, is a rectangular portion of the screen to which all display operations are restricted. Wrapping, clearing, scrolling, insertion and deletion all operate as if the specified window were all the screen there was. `wi' String of commands to set the terminal output screen window. This string requires four parameters, all origin-zero: 1. The first line to include in the window. 2. The last line to include in the window. 3. The first column to include in the window. 4. The last column to include in the window. Most terminals do not support windows.  File: termcap.info, Node: Clearing, Next: Insdel Line, Prev: Windows, Up: Capabilities Clearing Parts of the Screen ============================ There are several terminal capabilities for clearing parts of the screen to blank. All display terminals support the `cl' string, and most display terminals support all of these capabilities. `cl' String of commands to clear the entire screen and position the cursor at the upper left corner. `cd' String of commands to clear the line the cursor is on, and all the lines below it, down to the bottom of the screen. This command string should be used only with the cursor in column zero; their effect is undefined if the cursor is elsewhere. `ce' String of commands to clear from the cursor to the end of the current line. `ec' String of commands to clear N characters, starting with the character that the cursor is on. This command string is expected to leave the cursor position unchanged. The parameter N should never be large enough to reach past the right margin; the effect of such a large parameter would be undefined. Clear to end of line (`ce') is extremely important in programs that maintain an updating display. Nearly all display terminals support this operation, so it is acceptable for a an application program to refuse to work if `ce' is not present. However, if you do not want this limitation, you can accomplish clearing to end of line by outputting spaces until you reach the right margin. In order to do this, you must know the current horizontal position. Also, this technique assumes that writing a space will erase. But this happens to be true on all the display terminals that fail to support `ce'.  File: termcap.info, Node: Insdel Line, Next: Insdel Char, Prev: Clearing, Up: Capabilities Insert/Delete Line ================== "Inserting a line" means creating a blank line in the middle of the screen, and pushing the existing lines of text apart. In fact, the lines above the insertion point do not change, while the lines below move down, and one is normally lost at the bottom of the screen. "Deleting a line" means causing the line to disappear from the screen, closing up the gap by moving the lines below it upward. A new line appears at the bottom of the screen. Usually this line is blank, but on terminals with the `db' flag it may be a line previously moved off the screen bottom by scrolling or line insertion. Insertion and deletion of lines is useful in programs that maintain an updating display some parts of which may get longer or shorter. They are also useful in editors for scrolling parts of the screen, and for redisplaying after lines of text are killed or inserted. Many terminals provide commands to insert or delete a single line at the cursor position. Some provide the ability to insert or delete several lines with one command, using the number of lines to insert or delete as a parameter. Always move the cursor to column zero before using any of these commands. `al' String of commands to insert a blank line before the line the cursor is on. The existing line, and all lines below it, are moved down. The last line in the screen (or in the scroll region, if one is set) disappears and in most circumstances is discarded. It may not be discarded if the `db' is present (*note Scrolling::.). The cursor must be at the left margin before this command is used. This command does not move the cursor. `dl' String of commands to delete the line the cursor is on. The following lines move up, and a blank line appears at the bottom of the screen (or bottom of the scroll region). If the terminal has the `db' flag, a nonblank line previously pushed off the screen bottom may reappear at the bottom. The cursor must be at the left margin before this command is used. This command does not move the cursor. `AL' String of commands to insert N blank lines before the line that the cursor is on. It is like `al' repeated N times, except that it is as fast as one `al'. `DL' String of commands to delete N lines starting with the line that the cursor is on. It is like `dl' repeated N times, except that it is as fast as one `dl'. Any terminal description that defines `AL' should also define `al'; likewise for `DL' and `dl'. However, many terminals can only insert or delete one line at a time, so it is common to find `al' and not `AL', or `dl' without `DL'. Therefore, all programs that use the insert and delete facilities should be prepared to work with `al' in the case that `AL' is absent, and likewise with `dl'. On the other hand, it is acceptable to write an application that uses only `al' and `dl' and does not look for `AL' or `DL' at all. If a terminal does not support line insertion and deletion directly, but does support a scroll region, the effect of insertion and deletion can be obtained with scrolling. However, it is up to the individual user program to check for this possibility and use the scrolling commands to get the desired result. It is fairly important to implement this alternate strategy, since it is the only way to get the effect of line insertion and deletion on the popular VT100 terminal. Insertion and deletion of lines is affected by the scroll region on terminals that have a settable scroll region. This is useful when it is desirable to move any few consecutive lines up or down by a few lines. *Note Scrolling::. The line pushed off the bottom of the screen is not lost if the terminal has the `db' flag capability; instead, it is pushed into display memory that does not appear on the screen. This is the same thing that happens when scrolling pushes a line off the bottom of the screen. Either reverse scrolling or deletion of a line can bring the apparently lost line back onto the bottom of the screen. If the terminal has the scroll region feature as well as `db', the pushed-out line really is lost if a scroll region is in effect. When outputting an insert or delete command with `tputs', the NLINES argument should be the total number of lines from the cursor to the bottom of the screen (or scroll region). Very often these commands require padding proportional to this number of lines. *Note Padding::. For `AL' and `DL' the NLINES argument should *not* depend on the number of lines inserted or deleted; only the total number of lines affected. This is because it is just as fast to insert two or N lines with `AL' as to insert one line with `al'. bash-1.14.3/lib/termcap/grot/termcap.info-3 664 436 0 137627 5416304540 16560 0ustar chetwheelThis is Info file /home/gd/gnu/termcap/termcap.info, produced by Makeinfo-1.52 from the input file /home/gd/gnu/termcap/termcap.texi. This file documents the termcap library of the GNU system. Copyright (C) 1988 Free Software Foundation, Inc. Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of this manual provided the copyright notice and this permission notice are preserved on all copies. Permission is granted to copy and distribute modified versions of this manual under the conditions for verbatim copying, provided that the entire resulting derived work is distributed under the terms of a permission notice identical to this one. Permission is granted to copy and distribute translations of this manual into another language, under the above conditions for modified versions, except that this permission notice may be stated in a translation approved by the Foundation.  File: termcap.info, Node: Insdel Char, Next: Standout, Prev: Insdel Line, Up: Capabilities Insert/Delete Character ======================= "Inserting a character" means creating a blank space in the middle of a line, and pushing the rest of the line rightward. The character in the rightmost column is lost. "Deleting a character" means causing the character to disappear from the screen, closing up the gap by moving the rest of the line leftward. A blank space appears in the rightmost column. Insertion and deletion of characters is useful in programs that maintain an updating display some parts of which may get longer or shorter. It is also useful in editors for redisplaying the results of editing within a line. Many terminals provide commands to insert or delete a single character at the cursor position. Some provide the ability to insert or delete several characters with one command, using the number of characters to insert or delete as a parameter. Many terminals provide an insert mode in which outputting a graphic character has the added effect of inserting a position for that character. A special command string is used to enter insert mode and another is used to exit it. The reason for designing a terminal with an insert mode rather than an insert command is that inserting character positions is usually followed by writing characters into them. With insert mode, this is as fast as simply writing the characters, except for the fixed overhead of entering and leaving insert mode. However, when the line speed is great enough, padding may be required for the graphic characters output in insert mode. Some terminals require you to enter insert mode and then output a special command for each position to be inserted. Or they may require special commands to be output before or after each graphic character to be inserted. Deletion of characters is usually accomplished by a straightforward command to delete one or several positions; but on some terminals, it is necessary to enter a special delete mode before using the delete command, and leave delete mode afterward. Sometimes delete mode and insert mode are the same mode. Some terminals make a distinction between character positions in which a space character has been output and positions which have been cleared. On these terminals, the effect of insert or delete character runs to the first cleared position rather than to the end of the line. In fact, the effect may run to more than one line if there is no cleared position to stop the shift on the first line. These terminals are identified by the `in' flag capability. On terminals with the `in' flag, the technique of skipping over characters that you know were cleared, and then outputting text later on in the same line, causes later insert and delete character operations on that line to do nonstandard things. A program that has any chance of doing this must check for the `in' flag and must be careful to write explicit space characters into the intermediate columns when `in' is present. A plethora of terminal capabilities are needed to describe all of this complexity. Here is a list of them all. Following the list, we present an algorithm for programs to use to take proper account of all of these capabilities. `im' String of commands to enter insert mode. If the terminal has no special insert mode, but it can insert characters with a special command, `im' should be defined with a null value, because the `vi' editor assumes that insertion of a character is impossible if `im' is not provided. New programs should not act like `vi'. They should pay attention to `im' only if it is defined. `ei' String of commands to leave insert mode. This capability must be present if `im' is. On a few old terminals the same string is used to enter and exit insert mode. This string turns insert mode on if it was off, and off it it was on. You can tell these terminals because the `ei' string equals the `im' string. If you want to support these terminals, you must always remember accurately whether insert mode is in effect. However, these terminals are obsolete, and it is reasonable to refuse to support them. On all modern terminals, you can safely output `ei' at any time to ensure that insert mode is turned off. `ic' String of commands to insert one character position at the cursor. The cursor does not move. If outputting a graphic character while in insert mode is sufficient to insert the character, then the `ic' capability should be defined with a null value. If your terminal offers a choice of ways to insert--either use insert mode or use a special command--then define `im' and do not define `ic', since this gives the most efficient operation when several characters are to be inserted. *Do not* define both strings, for that means that *both* must be used each time insertion is done. `ip' String of commands to output following an inserted graphic character in insert mode. Often it is used just for a padding spec, when padding is needed after an inserted character (*note Padding::.). `IC' String of commands to insert N character positions at and after the cursor. It has the same effect as repeating the `ic' string and a space, N times. If `IC' is provided, application programs may use it without first entering insert mode. `mi' Flag whose presence means it is safe to move the cursor while in insert mode and assume the terminal remains in insert mode. `in' Flag whose presence means that the terminal distinguishes between character positions in which space characters have been output and positions which have been cleared. An application program can assume that the terminal can do character insertion if *any one of* the capabilities `IC', `im', `ic' or `ip' is provided. To insert N blank character positions, move the cursor to the place to insert them and follow this algorithm: 1. If an `IC' string is provided, output it with parameter N and you are finished. Otherwise (or if you don't want to bother to look for an `IC' string) follow the remaining steps. 2. Output the `im' string, if there is one, unless the terminal is already in insert mode. 3. Repeat steps 4 through 6, N times. 4. Output the `ic' string if any. 5. Output a space. 6. Output the `ip' string if any. 7. Output the `ei' string, eventually, to exit insert mode. There is no need to do this right away. If the `mi' flag is present, you can move the cursor and the cursor will remain in insert mode; then you can do more insertion elsewhere without reentering insert mode. To insert N graphic characters, position the cursor and follow this algorithm: 1. If an `IC' string is provided, output it with parameter N, then output the graphic characters, and you are finished. Otherwise (or if you don't want to bother to look for an `IC' string) follow the remaining steps. 2. Output the `im' string, if there is one, unless the terminal is already in insert mode. 3. For each character to be output, repeat steps 4 through 6. 4. Output the `ic' string if any. 5. Output the next graphic character. 6. Output the `ip' string if any. 7. Output the `ei' string, eventually, to exit insert mode. There is no need to do this right away. If the `mi' flag is present, you can move the cursor and the cursor will remain in insert mode; then you can do more insertion elsewhere without reentering insert mode. Note that this is not the same as the original Unix termcap specifications in one respect: it assumes that the `IC' string can be used without entering insert mode. This is true as far as I know, and it allows you be able to avoid entering and leaving insert mode, and also to be able to avoid the inserted-character padding after the characters that go into the inserted positions. Deletion of characters is less complicated; deleting one column is done by outputting the `dc' string. However, there may be a delete mode that must be entered with `dm' in order to make `dc' work. `dc' String of commands to delete one character position at the cursor. If `dc' is not present, the terminal cannot delete characters. `DC' String of commands to delete N characters starting at the cursor. It has the same effect as repeating the `dc' string N times. Any terminal description that has `DC' also has `dc'. `dm' String of commands to enter delete mode. If not present, there is no delete mode, and `dc' can be used at any time (assuming there is a `dc'). `ed' String of commands to exit delete mode. This must be present if `dm' is. To delete N character positions, position the cursor and follow these steps: 1. If the `DC' string is present, output it with parameter N and you are finished. Otherwise, follow the remaining steps. 2. Output the `dm' string, unless you know the terminal is already in delete mode. 3. Output the `dc' string N times. 4. Output the `ed' string eventually. If the flag capability `mi' is present, you can move the cursor and do more deletion without leaving and reentering delete mode. As with the `IC' string, we have departed from the original termcap specifications by assuming that `DC' works without entering delete mode even though `dc' would not. If the `dm' and `im' capabilities are both present and have the same value, it means that the terminal has one mode for both insertion and deletion. It is useful for a program to know this, because then it can do insertions after deletions, or vice versa, without leaving insert/delete mode and reentering it.  File: termcap.info, Node: Standout, Next: Underlining, Prev: Insdel Char, Up: Capabilities Standout and Appearance Modes ============================= "Appearance modes" are modifications to the ways characters are displayed. Typical appearance modes include reverse video, dim, bright, blinking, underlined, invisible, and alternate character set. Each kind of terminal supports various among these, or perhaps none. For each type of terminal, one appearance mode or combination of them that looks good for highlighted text is chosen as the "standout mode". The capabilities `so' and `se' say how to enter and leave standout mode. Programs that use appearance modes only to highlight some text generally use the standout mode so that they can work on as many terminals as possible. Use of specific appearance modes other than "underlined" and "alternate character set" is rare. Terminals that implement appearance modes fall into two general classes as to how they do it. In some terminals, the presence or absence of any appearance mode is recorded separately for each character position. In these terminals, each graphic character written is given the appearance modes current at the time it is written, and keeps those modes until it is erased or overwritten. There are special commands to turn the appearance modes on or off for characters to be written in the future. In other terminals, the change of appearance modes is represented by a marker that belongs to a certain screen position but affects all following screen positions until the next marker. These markers are traditionally called "magic cookies". The same capabilities (`so', `se', `mb' and so on) for turning appearance modes on and off are used for both magic-cookie terminals and per-character terminals. On magic cookie terminals, these give the commands to write the magic cookies. On per-character terminals, they change the current modes that affect future output and erasure. Some simple applications can use these commands without knowing whether or not they work by means of cookies. However, a program that maintains and updates a display needs to know whether the terminal uses magic cookies, and exactly what their effect is. This information comes from the `sg' capability. The `sg' capability is a numeric capability whose presence indicates that the terminal uses magic cookies for appearance modes. Its value is the number of character positions that a magic cookie occupies. Usually the cookie occupies one or more character positions on the screen, and these character positions are displayed as blank, but in some terminals the cookie has zero width. The `sg' capability describes both the magic cookie to turn standout on and the cookie to turn it off. This makes the assumption that both kinds of cookie have the same width on the screen. If that is not true, the narrower cookie must be "widened" with spaces until it has the same width as the other. On some magic cookie terminals, each line always starts with normal display; in other words, the scope of a magic cookie never extends over more than one line. But on other terminals, one magic cookie affects all the lines below it unless explicitly canceled. Termcap does not define any way to distinguish these two ways magic cookies can work. To be safe, it is best to put a cookie at the beginning of each line. On some per-character terminals, standout mode or other appearance modes may be canceled by moving the cursor. On others, moving the cursor has no effect on the state of the appearance modes. The latter class of terminals are given the flag capability `ms' ("can move in standout"). All programs that might have occasion to move the cursor while appearance modes are turned on must check for this flag; if it is not present, they should reset appearance modes to normal before doing cursor motion. A program that has turned on only standout mode should use `se' to reset the standout mode to normal. A program that has turned on only alternate character set mode should use `ae' to return it to normal. If it is possible that any other appearance modes are turned on, use the `me' capability to return them to normal. Note that the commands to turn on one appearance mode, including `so' and `mb' ... `mr', if used while some other appearance modes are turned on, may combine the two modes on some terminals but may turn off the mode previously enabled on other terminals. This is because some terminals do not have a command to set or clear one appearance mode without changing the others. Programs should not attempt to use appearance modes in combination except with `sa', and when switching from one single mode to another should always turn off the previously enabled mode and then turn on the new desired mode. On some old terminals, the `so' and `se' commands may be the same command, which has the effect of turning standout on if it is off, or off it is on. It is therefore risky for a program to output extra `se' commands for good measure. Fortunately, all these terminals are obsolete. Programs that update displays in which standout-text may be replaced with non-standout text must check for the `xs' flag. In a per-character terminal, this flag says that the only way to remove standout once written is to clear that portion of the line with the `ce' string or something even more powerful (*note Clearing::.); just writing new characters at those screen positions will not change the modes in effect there. In a magic cookie terminal, `xs' says that the only way to remove a cookie is to clear a portion of the line that includes the cookie; writing a different cookie at the same position does not work. Such programs must also check for the `xt' flag, which means that the terminal is a Teleray 1061. On this terminal it is impossible to position the cursor at the front of a magic cookie, so the only two ways to remove a cookie are (1) to delete the line it is on or (2) to position the cursor at least one character before it (possibly on a previous line) and output the `se' string, which on these terminals finds and removes the next `so' magic cookie on the screen. (It may also be possible to remove a cookie which is not at the beginning of a line by clearing that line.) The `xt' capability also has implications for the use of tab characters, but in that regard it is obsolete (*Note Cursor Motion::). `so' String of commands to enter standout mode. `se' String of commands to leave standout mode. `sg' Numeric capability, the width on the screen of the magic cookie. This capability is absent in terminals that record appearance modes character by character. `ms' Flag whose presence means that it is safe to move the cursor while the appearance modes are not in the normal state. If this flag is absent, programs should always reset the appearance modes to normal before moving the cursor. `xs' Flag whose presence means that the only way to reset appearance modes already on the screen is to clear to end of line. On a per-character terminal, you must clear the area where the modes are set. On a magic cookie terminal, you must clear an area containing the cookie. See the discussion above. `xt' Flag whose presence means that the cursor cannot be positioned right in front of a magic cookie, and that `se' is a command to delete the next magic cookie following the cursor. See discussion above. `mb' String of commands to enter blinking mode. `md' String of commands to enter double-bright mode. `mh' String of commands to enter half-bright mode. `mk' String of commands to enter invisible mode. `mp' String of commands to enter protected mode. `mr' String of commands to enter reverse-video mode. `me' String of commands to turn off all appearance modes, including standout mode and underline mode. On some terminals it also turns off alternate character set mode; on others, it may not. This capability must be present if any of `mb' ... `mr' is present. `as' String of commands to turn on alternate character set mode. This mode assigns some or all graphic characters an alternate picture on the screen. There is no standard as to what the alternate pictures look like. `ae' String of commands to turn off alternate character set mode. `sa' String of commands to turn on an arbitrary combination of appearance modes. It accepts 9 parameters, each of which controls a particular kind of appearance mode. A parameter should be 1 to turn its appearance mode on, or zero to turn that mode off. Most terminals do not support the `sa' capability, even among those that do have various appearance modes. The nine parameters are, in order, STANDOUT, UNDERLINE, REVERSE, BLINK, HALF-BRIGHT, DOUBLE-BRIGHT, BLANK, PROTECT, ALT CHAR SET.  File: termcap.info, Node: Underlining, Next: Cursor Visibility, Prev: Standout, Up: Capabilities Underlining =========== Underlining on most terminals is a kind of appearance mode, much like standout mode. Therefore, it may be implemented using magic cookies or as a flag in the terminal whose current state affects each character that is output. *Note Standout::, for a full explanation. The `ug' capability is a numeric capability whose presence indicates that the terminal uses magic cookies for underlining. Its value is the number of character positions that a magic cookie for underlining occupies; it is used for underlining just as `sg' is used for standout. Aside from the simplest applications, it is impossible to use underlining correctly without paying attention to the value of `ug'. `us' String of commands to turn on underline mode or to output a magic cookie to start underlining. `ue' String of commands to turn off underline mode or to output a magic cookie to stop underlining. `ug' Width of magic cookie that represents a change of underline mode; or missing, if the terminal does not use a magic cookie for this. `ms' Flag whose presence means that it is safe to move the cursor while the appearance modes are not in the normal state. Underlining is an appearance mode. If this flag is absent, programs should always turn off underlining before moving the cursor. There are two other, older ways of doing underlining: there can be a command to underline a single character, or the output of `_', the ASCII underscore character, as an overstrike could cause a character to be underlined. New programs need not bother to handle these capabilities unless the author cares strongly about the obscure terminals which support them. However, terminal descriptions should provide these capabilities when appropriate. `uc' String of commands to underline the character under the cursor, and move the cursor right. `ul' Flag whose presence means that the terminal can underline by overstriking an underscore character (`_'); some terminals can do this even though they do not support overstriking in general. An implication of this flag is that when outputting new text to overwrite old text, underscore characters must be treated specially lest they underline the old text instead.  File: termcap.info, Node: Cursor Visibility, Next: Bell, Prev: Underlining, Up: Capabilities Cursor Visibility ================= Some terminals have the ability to make the cursor invisible, or to enhance it. Enhancing the cursor is often done by programs that plan to use the cursor to indicate to the user a position of interest that may be anywhere on the screen--for example, the Emacs editor enhances the cursor on entry. Such programs should always restore the cursor to normal on exit. `vs' String of commands to enhance the cursor. `vi' String of commands to make the cursor invisible. `ve' String of commands to return the cursor to normal. If you define either `vs' or `vi', you must also define `ve'.  File: termcap.info, Node: Bell, Next: Keypad, Prev: Cursor Visibility, Up: Capabilities Bell ==== Here we describe commands to make the terminal ask for the user to pay attention to it. `bl' String of commands to cause the terminal to make an audible sound. If this capability is absent, the terminal has no way to make a suitable sound. `vb' String of commands to cause the screen to flash to attract attention ("visible bell"). If this capability is absent, the terminal has no way to do such a thing.  File: termcap.info, Node: Keypad, Next: Meta Key, Prev: Bell, Up: Capabilities Keypad and Function Keys ======================== Many terminals have arrow and function keys that transmit specific character sequences to the computer. Since the precise sequences used depend on the terminal, termcap defines capabilities used to say what the sequences are. Unlike most termcap string-valued capabilities, these are not strings of commands to be sent to the terminal, rather strings that are received from the terminal. Programs that expect to use keypad keys should check, initially, for a `ks' capability and send it, to make the keypad actually transmit. Such programs should also send the `ke' string when exiting. `ks' String of commands to make the function keys transmit. If this capability is not provided, but the others in this section are, programs may assume that the function keys always transmit. `ke' String of commands to make the function keys work locally. This capability is provided only if `ks' is. `kl' String of input characters sent by typing the left-arrow key. If this capability is missing, you cannot expect the terminal to have a left-arrow key that transmits anything to the computer. `kr' String of input characters sent by typing the right-arrow key. `ku' String of input characters sent by typing the up-arrow key. `kd' String of input characters sent by typing the down-arrow key. `kh' String of input characters sent by typing the "home-position" key. `K1' ... `K5' Strings of input characters sent by the five other keys in a 3-by-3 array that includes the arrow keys, if the keyboard has such a 3-by-3 array. Note that one of these keys may be the "home-position" key, in which case one of these capabilities will have the same value as the `kh' key. `k0' String of input characters sent by function key 10 (or 0, if the terminal has one labeled 0). `k1' ... `k9' Strings of input characters sent by function keys 1 through 9, provided for those function keys that exist. `kn' Number: the number of numbered function keys, if there are more than 10. `l0' ... `l9' Strings which are the labels appearing on the keyboard on the keys described by the capabilities `k0' ... `l9'. These capabilities should be left undefined if the labels are `f0' or `f10' and `f1' ... `f9'. `kH' String of input characters sent by the "home down" key, if there is one. `kb' String of input characters sent by the "backspace" key, if there is one. `ka' String of input characters sent by the "clear all tabs" key, if there is one. `kt' String of input characters sent by the "clear tab stop this column" key, if there is one. `kC' String of input characters sent by the "clear screen" key, if there is one. `kD' String of input characters sent by the "delete character" key, if there is one. `kL' String of input characters sent by the "delete line" key, if there is one. `kM' String of input characters sent by the "exit insert mode" key, if there is one. `kE' String of input characters sent by the "clear to end of line" key, if there is one. `kS' String of input characters sent by the "clear to end of screen" key, if there is one. `kI' String of input characters sent by the "insert character" or "enter insert mode" key, if there is one. `kA' String of input characters sent by the "insert line" key, if there is one. `kN' String of input characters sent by the "next page" key, if there is one. `kP' String of input characters sent by the "previous page" key, if there is one. `kF' String of input characters sent by the "scroll forward" key, if there is one. `kR' String of input characters sent by the "scroll reverse" key, if there is one. `kT' String of input characters sent by the "set tab stop in this column" key, if there is one. `ko' String listing the other function keys the terminal has. This is a very obsolete way of describing the same information found in the `kH' ... `kT' keys. The string contains a list of two-character termcap capability names, separated by commas. The meaning is that for each capability name listed, the terminal has a key which sends the string which is the value of that capability. For example, the value `:ko=cl,ll,sf,sr:' says that the terminal has four function keys which mean "clear screen", "home down", "scroll forward" and "scroll reverse".  File: termcap.info, Node: Meta Key, Next: Initialization, Prev: Keypad, Up: Capabilities Meta Key ======== A Meta key is a key on the keyboard that modifies each character you type by controlling the 0200 bit. This bit is on if and only if the Meta key is held down when the character is typed. Characters typed using the Meta key are called Meta characters. Emacs uses Meta characters as editing commands. `km' Flag whose presence means that the terminal has a Meta key. `mm' String of commands to enable the functioning of the Meta key. `mo' String of commands to disable the functioning of the Meta key. If the terminal has `km' but does not have `mm' and `mo', it means that the Meta key always functions. If it has `mm' and `mo', it means that the Meta key can be turned on or off. Send the `mm' string to turn it on, and the `mo' string to turn it off. I do not know why one would ever not want it to be on.  File: termcap.info, Node: Initialization, Next: Pad Specs, Prev: Meta Key, Up: Capabilities Initialization ============== `ti' String of commands to put the terminal into whatever special modes are needed or appropriate for programs that move the cursor nonsequentially around the screen. Programs that use termcap to do full-screen display should output this string when they start up. `te' String of commands to undo what is done by the `ti' string. Programs that output the `ti' string on entry should output this string when they exit. `is' String of commands to initialize the terminal for each login session. `if' String which is the name of a file containing the string of commands to initialize the terminal for each session of use. Normally `is' and `if' are not both used. `i1' `i3' Two more strings of commands to initialize the terminal for each login session. The `i1' string (if defined) is output before `is' or `if', and the `i3' string (if defined) is output after. The reason for having three separate initialization strings is to make it easier to define a group of related terminal types with slightly different initializations. Define two or three of the strings in the basic type; then the other types can override one or two of the strings. `rs' String of commands to reset the terminal from any strange mode it may be in. Normally this includes the `is' string (or other commands with the same effects) and more. What would go in the `rs' string but not in the `is' string are annoying or slow commands to bring the terminal back from strange modes that nobody would normally use. `it' Numeric value, the initial spacing between hardware tab stop columns when the terminal is powered up. Programs to initialize the terminal can use this to decide whether there is a need to set the tab stops. If the initial width is 8, well and good; if it is not 8, then the tab stops should be set; if they cannot be set, the kernel is told to convert tabs to spaces, and other programs will observe this and do likewise. `ct' String of commands to clear all tab stops. `st' String of commands to set tab stop at current cursor column on all lines.  File: termcap.info, Node: Pad Specs, Next: Status Line, Prev: Initialization, Up: Capabilities Padding Capabilities ==================== There are two terminal capabilities that exist just to explain the proper way to obey the padding specifications in all the command string capabilities. One, `pc', must be obeyed by all termcap-using programs. `pb' Numeric value, the lowest baud rate at which padding is actually needed. Programs may check this and refrain from doing any padding at lower speeds. `pc' String of commands for padding. The first character of this string is to be used as the pad character, instead of using null characters for padding. If `pc' is not provided, use null characters. Every program that uses termcap must look up this capability and use it to set the variable `PC' that is used by `tputs'. *Note Padding::. Some termcap capabilities exist just to specify the amount of padding that the kernel should give to cursor motion commands used in ordinary sequential output. `dC' Numeric value, the number of msec of padding needed for the carriage-return character. `dN' Numeric value, the number of msec of padding needed for the newline (linefeed) character. `dB' Numeric value, the number of msec of padding needed for the backspace character. `dF' Numeric value, the number of msec of padding needed for the formfeed character. `dT' Numeric value, the number of msec of padding needed for the tab character. In some systems, the kernel uses the above capabilities; in other systems, the kernel uses the paddings specified in the string capabilities `cr', `sf', `le', `ff' and `ta'. Descriptions of terminals which require such padding should contain the `dC' ... `dT' capabilities and also specify the appropriate padding in the corresponding string capabilities. Since no modern terminals require padding for ordinary sequential output, you probably won't need to do either of these things.  File: termcap.info, Node: Status Line, Next: Half-Line, Prev: Pad Specs, Up: Capabilities Status Line =========== A "status line" is a line on the terminal that is not used for ordinary display output but instead used for a special message. The intended use is for a continuously updated description of what the user's program is doing, and that is where the name "status line" comes from, but in fact it could be used for anything. The distinguishing characteristic of a status line is that ordinary output to the terminal does not affect it; it changes only if the special status line commands of this section are used. `hs' Flag whose presence means that the terminal has a status line. If a terminal description specifies that there is a status line, it must provide the `ts' and `fs' capabilities. `ts' String of commands to move the terminal cursor into the status line. Usually these commands must specifically record the old cursor position for the sake of the `fs' string. `fs' String of commands to move the cursor back from the status line to its previous position (outside the status line). `es' Flag whose presence means that other display commands work while writing the status line. In other words, one can clear parts of it, insert or delete characters, move the cursor within it using `ch' if there is a `ch' capability, enter and leave standout mode, and so on. `ds' String of commands to disable the display of the status line. This may be absent, if there is no way to disable the status line display. `ws' Numeric value, the width of the status line. If this capability is absent in a terminal that has a status line, it means the status line is the same width as the other lines. Note that the value of `ws' is sometimes as small as 8.  File: termcap.info, Node: Half-Line, Next: Printer, Prev: Status Line, Up: Capabilities Half-Line Motion ================ Some terminals have commands for moving the cursor vertically by half-lines, useful for outputting subscripts and superscripts. Mostly it is hardcopy terminals that have such features. `hu' String of commands to move the cursor up half a line. If the terminal is a display, it is your responsibility to avoid moving up past the top line; however, most likely the terminal that supports this is a hardcopy terminal and there is nothing to be concerned about. `hd' String of commands to move the cursor down half a line. If the terminal is a display, it is your responsibility to avoid moving down past the bottom line, etc.  File: termcap.info, Node: Printer, Prev: Half-Line, Up: Capabilities Controlling Printers Attached to Terminals ========================================== Some terminals have attached hardcopy printer ports. They may be able to copy the screen contents to the printer; they may also be able to redirect output to the printer. Termcap does not have anything to tell the program whether the redirected output appears also on the screen; it does on some terminals but not all. `ps' String of commands to cause the contents of the screen to be printed. If it is absent, the screen contents cannot be printed. `po' String of commands to redirect further output to the printer. `pf' String of commands to terminate redirection of output to the printer. This capability must be present in the description if `po' is. `pO' String of commands to redirect output to the printer for next N characters of output, regardless of what they are. Redirection will end automatically after N characters of further output. Until then, nothing that is output can end redirection, not even the `pf' string if there is one. The number N should not be more than 255. One use of this capability is to send non-text byte sequences (such as bit-maps) to the printer. Most terminals with printers do not support all of `ps', `po' and `pO'; any one or two of them may be supported. To make a program that can send output to all kinds of printers, it is necessary to check for all three of these capabilities, choose the most convenient of the ones that are provided, and use it in its own appropriate fashion.  File: termcap.info, Node: Summary, Next: Var Index, Prev: Capabilities, Up: Top Summary of Capability Names *************************** Here are all the terminal capability names in alphabetical order with a brief description of each. For cross references to their definitions, see the index of capability names (*note Cap Index::.). `ae' String to turn off alternate character set mode. `al' String to insert a blank line before the cursor. `AL' String to insert N blank lines before the cursor. `am' Flag: output to last column wraps cursor to next line. `as' String to turn on alternate character set mode.like. `bc' Very obsolete alternative name for the `le' capability. `bl' String to sound the bell. `bs' Obsolete flag: ASCII backspace may be used for leftward motion. `bt' String to move the cursor left to the previous hardware tab stop column. `bw' Flag: `le' at left margin wraps to end of previous line. `CC' String to change terminal's command character. `cd' String to clear the line the cursor is on, and following lines. `ce' String to clear from the cursor to the end of the line. `ch' String to position the cursor at column C in the same line. `cl' String to clear the entire screen and put cursor at upper left corner. `cm' String to position the cursor at line L, column C. `CM' String to position the cursor at line L, column C, relative to display memory. `co' Number: width of the screen. `cr' String to move cursor sideways to left margin. `cs' String to set the scroll region. `cS' Alternate form of string to set the scroll region. `ct' String to clear all tab stops. `cv' String to position the cursor at line L in the same column. `da' Flag: data scrolled off top of screen may be scrolled back. `db' Flag: data scrolled off bottom of screen may be scrolled back. `dB' Obsolete number: msec of padding needed for the backspace character. `dc' String to delete one character position at the cursor. `dC' Obsolete number: msec of padding needed for the carriage-return character. `DC' String to delete N characters starting at the cursor. `dF' Obsolete number: msec of padding needed for the formfeed character. `dl' String to delete the line the cursor is on. `DL' String to delete N lines starting with the cursor's line. `dm' String to enter delete mode. `dN' Obsolete number: msec of padding needed for the newline character. `do' String to move the cursor vertically down one line. `DO' String to move cursor vertically down N lines. `ds' String to disable the display of the status line. `dT' Obsolete number: msec of padding needed for the tab character. `ec' String of commands to clear N characters at cursor. `ed' String to exit delete mode. `ei' String to leave insert mode. `eo' Flag: output of a space can erase an overstrike. `es' Flag: other display commands work while writing the status line. `ff' String to advance to the next page, for a hardcopy terminal. `fs' String to move the cursor back from the status line to its previous position (outside the status line). `gn' Flag: this terminal type is generic, not real. `hc' Flag: hardcopy terminal. `hd' String to move the cursor down half a line. `ho' String to position cursor at upper left corner. `hs' Flag: the terminal has a status line. `hu' String to move the cursor up half a line. `hz' Flag: terminal cannot accept `~' as output. `i1' String to initialize the terminal for each login session. `i3' String to initialize the terminal for each login session. `ic' String to insert one character position at the cursor. `IC' String to insert N character positions at the cursor. `if' String naming a file of commands to initialize the terminal. `im' String to enter insert mode. `in' Flag: outputting a space is different from moving over empty positions. `ip' String to output following an inserted character in insert mode. `is' String to initialize the terminal for each login session. `it' Number: initial spacing between hardware tab stop columns. `k0' String of input sent by function key 0 or 10. `k1 ... k9' Strings of input sent by function keys 1 through 9. `K1 ... K5' Strings sent by the five other keys in 3-by-3 array with arrows. `ka' String of input sent by the "clear all tabs" key. `kA' String of input sent by the "insert line" key. `kb' String of input sent by the "backspace" key. `kC' String of input sent by the "clear screen" key. `kd' String of input sent by typing the down-arrow key. `kD' String of input sent by the "delete character" key. `ke' String to make the function keys work locally. `kE' String of input sent by the "clear to end of line" key. `kF' String of input sent by the "scroll forward" key. `kh' String of input sent by typing the "home-position" key. `kH' String of input sent by the "home down" key. `kI' String of input sent by the "insert character" or "enter insert mode" key. `kl' String of input sent by typing the left-arrow key. `kL' String of input sent by the "delete line" key. `km' Flag: the terminal has a Meta key. `kM' String of input sent by the "exit insert mode" key. `kn' Numeric value, the number of numbered function keys. `kN' String of input sent by the "next page" key. `ko' Very obsolete string listing the terminal's named function keys. `kP' String of input sent by the "previous page" key. `kr' String of input sent by typing the right-arrow key. `kR' String of input sent by the "scroll reverse" key. `ks' String to make the function keys transmit. `kS' String of input sent by the "clear to end of screen" key. `kt' String of input sent by the "clear tab stop this column" key. `kT' String of input sent by the "set tab stop in this column" key. `ku' String of input sent by typing the up-arrow key. `l0' String on keyboard labelling function key 0 or 10. `l1 ... l9' Strings on keyboard labelling function keys 1 through 9. `le' String to move the cursor left one column. `LE' String to move cursor left N columns. `li' Number: height of the screen. `ll' String to position cursor at lower left corner. `lm' Number: lines of display memory. `mb' String to enter blinking mode. `md' String to enter double-bright mode. `me' String to turn off all appearance modes `mh' String to enter half-bright mode. `mi' Flag: cursor motion in insert mode is safe. `mk' String to enter invisible mode. `mm' String to enable the functioning of the Meta key. `mo' String to disable the functioning of the Meta key. `mp' String to enter protected mode. `mr' String to enter reverse-video mode. `ms' Flag: cursor motion in standout mode is safe. `nc' Obsolete flag: do not use ASCII carriage-return on this terminal. `nd' String to move the cursor right one column. `nl' Obsolete alternative name for the `do' and `sf' capabilities. `ns' Flag: the terminal does not normally scroll for sequential output. `nw' String to move to start of next line, possibly clearing rest of old line. `os' Flag: terminal can overstrike. `pb' Number: the lowest baud rate at which padding is actually needed. `pc' String containing character for padding. `pf' String to terminate redirection of output to the printer. `po' String to redirect further output to the printer. `pO' String to redirect N characters ofoutput to the printer. `ps' String to print the screen on the attached printer. `rc' String to move to last saved cursor position. `RI' String to move cursor right N columns. `rp' String to output character C repeated N times. `rs' String to reset the terminal from any strange modes. `sa' String to turn on an arbitrary combination of appearance modes. `sc' String to save the current cursor position. `se' String to leave standout mode. `sf' String to scroll the screen one line up. `SF' String to scroll the screen N lines up. `sg' Number: width of magic standout cookie. Absent if magic cookies are not used. `so' String to enter standout mode. `sr' String to scroll the screen one line down. `SR' String to scroll the screen N line down. `st' String to set tab stop at current cursor column on all lines. programs. `ta' String to move the cursor right to the next hardware tab stop column. `te' String to return terminal to settings for sequential output. `ti' String to initialize terminal for random cursor motion. `ts' String to move the terminal cursor into the status line. `uc' String to underline one character and move cursor right. `ue' String to turn off underline mode `ug' Number: width of underlining magic cookie. Absent if underlining doesn't use magic cookies. `ul' Flag: underline by overstriking with an underscore. `up' String to move the cursor vertically up one line. `UP' String to move cursor vertically up N lines. `us' String to turn on underline mode `vb' String to make the screen flash. `ve' String to return the cursor to normal. `vi' String to make the cursor invisible. `vs' String to enhance the cursor. `wi' String to set the terminal output screen window. `ws' Number: the width of the status line. `xb' Flag: superbee terminal. `xn' Flag: cursor wraps in a strange way. `xs' Flag: clearing a line is the only way to clear the appearance modes of positions in that line (or, only way to remove magic cookies on that line). `xt' Flag: Teleray 1061; several strange characteristics.  File: termcap.info, Node: Var Index, Next: Cap Index, Prev: Summary, Up: Top Variable and Function Index *************************** * Menu: * BC: tgoto. * ospeed: Output Padding. * PC: Output Padding. * tgetent: Find. * tgetflag: Interrogate. * tgetnum: Interrogate. * tgetstr: Interrogate. * tgoto: tgoto. * tparam: tparam. * tputs: Output Padding. * UP: tgoto. bash-1.14.3/lib/termcap/grot/termcap.info-4 664 436 0 24220 5416304541 16522 0ustar chetwheelThis is Info file /home/gd/gnu/termcap/termcap.info, produced by Makeinfo-1.52 from the input file /home/gd/gnu/termcap/termcap.texi. This file documents the termcap library of the GNU system. Copyright (C) 1988 Free Software Foundation, Inc. Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of this manual provided the copyright notice and this permission notice are preserved on all copies. Permission is granted to copy and distribute modified versions of this manual under the conditions for verbatim copying, provided that the entire resulting derived work is distributed under the terms of a permission notice identical to this one. Permission is granted to copy and distribute translations of this manual into another language, under the above conditions for modified versions, except that this permission notice may be stated in a translation approved by the Foundation.  File: termcap.info, Node: Cap Index, Next: Index, Prev: Var Index, Up: Top Capability Index **************** * Menu: * ae: Standout. * AL: Insdel Line. * al: Insdel Line. * am: Wrapping. * as: Standout. * bc: Cursor Motion. * bl: Bell. * bs: Cursor Motion. * bt: Cursor Motion. * bw: Cursor Motion. * CC: Basic. * cd: Clearing. * ce: Clearing. * ch: Cursor Motion. * cl: Clearing. * CM: Cursor Motion. * cm: Cursor Motion. * co: Screen Size. * cr: Cursor Motion. * cS: Scrolling. * cs: Scrolling. * ct: Initialization. * cv: Cursor Motion. * da: Scrolling. * dB: Pad Specs. * db: Scrolling. * dC: Pad Specs. * DC: Insdel Char. * dc: Insdel Char. * dF: Pad Specs. * dl: Insdel Line. * DL: Insdel Line. * dm: Insdel Char. * dN: Pad Specs. * DO: Cursor Motion. * do: Cursor Motion. * ds: Status Line. * dT: Pad Specs. * ec: Clearing. * ed: Insdel Char. * ei: Insdel Char. * eo: Basic. * es: Status Line. * ff: Cursor Motion. * fs: Status Line. * gn: Basic. * hc: Basic. * hd: Half-Line. * ho: Cursor Motion. * hs: Status Line. * hu: Half-Line. * hz: Basic. * i1: Initialization. * i3: Initialization. * IC: Insdel Char. * ic: Insdel Char. * if: Initialization. * im: Insdel Char. * in: Insdel Char. * ip: Insdel Char. * is: Initialization. * it: Initialization. * K1...K5: Keypad. * k1...k9: Keypad. * kA...kT: Keypad. * ka...ku: Keypad. * km: Meta Key. * l0...l9: Keypad. * le: Cursor Motion. * LE: Cursor Motion. * li: Screen Size. * ll: Cursor Motion. * lm: Scrolling. * mb: Standout. * md: Standout. * me: Standout. * mh: Standout. * mi: Insdel Char. * mk: Standout. * mm: Meta Key. * mo: Meta Key. * mp: Standout. * mr: Standout. * ms: Standout. * ms: Underlining. * nc: Cursor Motion. * nd: Cursor Motion. * nl: Cursor Motion. * ns: Scrolling. * nw: Cursor Motion. * os: Basic. * pb: Pad Specs. * pc: Pad Specs. * pf: Printer. * pO: Printer. * po: Printer. * ps: Printer. * rc: Cursor Motion. * RI: Cursor Motion. * rp: Basic. * rs: Initialization. * sa: Standout. * sc: Cursor Motion. * se: Standout. * sf: Scrolling. * SF: Scrolling. * sg: Standout. * so: Standout. * sr: Scrolling. * SR: Scrolling. * st: Initialization. * ta: Cursor Motion. * te: Initialization. * ti: Initialization. * ts: Status Line. * uc: Underlining. * ue: Underlining. * ug: Underlining. * ul: Underlining. * up: Cursor Motion. * UP: Cursor Motion. * us: Underlining. * vb: Bell. * ve: Cursor Visibility. * vi: Cursor Visibility. * vs: Cursor Visibility. * wi: Windows. * ws: Status Line. * xb: Basic. * xn: Wrapping. * xs: Standout. * xt: Standout. * xt: Cursor Motion.  File: termcap.info, Node: Index, Prev: Cap Index, Up: Top Concept Index ************* * Menu: * %: Encode Parameters. * appearance modes: Standout. * bell: Bell. * clearing the screen: Clearing. * command character: Basic. * cursor motion: Cursor Motion. * delete character: Insdel Char. * delete line: Insdel Line. * delete mode: Insdel Char. * description format: Format. * erasing: Clearing. * generic terminal type: Basic. * home position: Cursor Motion. * inheritance: Inheriting. * initialization: Initialization. * insert character: Insdel Char. * insert line: Insdel Line. * insert mode: Insdel Char. * line speed: Output Padding. * magic cookie: Standout. * meta key: Meta Key. * names of terminal types: Naming. * overstrike: Basic. * padding: Pad Specs. * padding: Padding. * parameters: Parameters. * printer: Printer. * repeat output: Basic. * reset: Initialization. * screen size: Screen Size. * screen size: Screen Size. * screen size: Naming. * scrolling: Scrolling. * standout: Standout. * status line: Status Line. * Superbee: Basic. * tab stops: Initialization. * termcap: Introduction. * terminal flags (kernel): Initialize. * underlining: Underlining. * visibility: Cursor Visibility. * visible bell: Bell. * window: Windows. * wrapping: Naming. * wrapping: Wrapping. bash-1.14.3/lib/termcap/grot/NEWS 664 436 0 447 5416304536 14521 0ustar chetwheelMajor changes in release 1.2: For `%.', only set the high bit on NUL. Fix a file descriptor and memory leak. Add const in termcap.h prototypes. Configuration improvements. Major changes in release 1.1: Fix portability problems. Improve configuration and installation. Fix compiler warnings. bash-1.14.3/lib/termcap/grot/INSTALL 664 436 0 13145 5416304535 15111 0ustar chetwheelThis is a generic INSTALL file for utilities distributions. If this package does not come with, e.g., installable documentation or data files, please ignore the references to them below. To compile this package: 1. Configure the package for your system. In the directory that this file is in, type `./configure'. If you're using `csh' on an old version of System V, you might need to type `sh configure' instead to prevent `csh' from trying to execute `configure' itself. The `configure' shell script attempts to guess correct values for various system-dependent variables used during compilation, and creates the Makefile(s) (one in each subdirectory of the source directory). In some packages it creates a C header file containing system-dependent definitions. It also creates a file `config.status' that you can run in the future to recreate the current configuration. Running `configure' takes a minute or two. While it is running, it prints some messages that tell what it is doing. If you don't want to see the messages, run `configure' with its standard output redirected to `/dev/null'; for example, `./configure >/dev/null'. To compile the package in a different directory from the one containing the source code, you must use a version of `make' that supports the VPATH variable, such as GNU `make'. `cd' to the directory where you want the object files and executables to go and run `configure'. `configure' automatically checks for the source code in the directory that `configure' is in and in `..'. If for some reason `configure' is not in the source code directory that you are configuring, then it will report that it can't find the source code. In that case, run `configure' with the option `--srcdir=DIR', where DIR is the directory that contains the source code. By default, `make install' will install the package's files in /usr/local/bin, /usr/local/lib, /usr/local/man, etc. You can specify an installation prefix other than /usr/local by giving `configure' the option `--prefix=PATH'. Alternately, you can do so by giving a value for the `prefix' variable when you run `make', e.g., make prefix=/usr/gnu You can specify separate installation prefixes for architecture-specific files and architecture-independent files. If you give `configure' the option `--exec-prefix=PATH' or set the `make' variable `exec_prefix' to PATH, the package will use PATH as the prefix for installing programs and libraries. Data files and documentation will still use the regular prefix. Normally, all files are installed using the regular prefix. Another `configure' option is useful mainly in `Makefile' rules for updating `config.status' and `Makefile'. The `--no-create' option figures out the configuration for your system and records it in `config.status', without actually configuring the package (creating `Makefile's and perhaps a configuration header file). Later, you can run `./config.status' to actually configure the package. You can also give `config.status' the `--recheck' option, which makes it re-run `configure' with the same arguments you used before. This option is useful if you change `configure'. Some packages pay attention to `--with-PACKAGE' options to `configure', where PACKAGE is something like `gnu-libc' or `x' (for the X Window System). The README should mention any --with- options that the package recognizes. `configure' ignores any other arguments that you give it. If your system requires unusual options for compilation or linking that `configure' doesn't know about, you can give `configure' initial values for some variables by setting them in the environment. In Bourne-compatible shells, you can do that on the command line like this: CC='gcc -traditional' DEFS=-D_POSIX_SOURCE ./configure The `make' variables that you might want to override with environment variables when running `configure' are: (For these variables, any value given in the environment overrides the value that `configure' would choose:) CC C compiler program. Default is `cc', or `gcc' if `gcc' is in your PATH. INSTALL Program to use to install files. Default is `install' if you have it, `cp' otherwise. (For these variables, any value given in the environment is added to the value that `configure' chooses:) DEFS Configuration options, in the form `-Dfoo -Dbar ...' Do not use this variable in packages that create a configuration header file. LIBS Libraries to link with, in the form `-lfoo -lbar ...' If you need to do unusual things to compile the package, we encourage you to figure out how `configure' could check whether to do them, and mail diffs or instructions to the address given in the README so we can include them in the next release. 2. Type `make' to compile the package. If you want, you can override the `make' variables CFLAGS and LDFLAGS like this: make CFLAGS=-O2 LDFLAGS=-s 3. If the package comes with self-tests and you want to run them, type `make check'. If you're not sure whether there are any, try it; if `make' responds with something like make: *** No way to make target `check'. Stop. then the package does not come with self-tests. 4. Type `make install' to install programs, data files, and documentation. 5. You can remove the program binaries and object files from the source directory by typing `make clean'. To also remove the Makefile(s), the header file containing system-dependent definitions (if the package uses one), and `config.status' (all the files that `configure' created), type `make distclean'. The file `configure.in' is used as a template to create `configure' by a program called `autoconf'. You will only need it if you want to regenerate `configure' using a newer version of `autoconf'. bash-1.14.3/lib/termcap/grot/ChangeLog 664 436 0 2625 5416304535 15613 0ustar chetwheelThu Apr 15 12:45:10 1993 David J. MacKenzie (djm@kropotkin.gnu.ai.mit.edu) * Version 1.2. * tparam.c [!emacs] (xmalloc, xrealloc, memory_out): New functions. (tparam1): Use them. * termcap.c, tparam.c: Use NULL or '\0' where appropriate instead of 0. Rename some vars. * termcap.c (tgetent): If EOF is reached on termcap file, free allocated resources before returning. * termcap.c (tgetent): Use /etc/termcap if TERMCAP is an entry for a term type other than TERM. From pjr@jet.UK (Paul J Rippin). Sat Apr 10 23:55:12 1993 Richard Stallman (rms@mole.gnu.ai.mit.edu) * tparam.c (tparam1): Don't set the 0200 bit on a non-0 character code. From junio@twinsun.COM (Junio Hamano). Tue Dec 8 22:02:15 1992 David J. MacKenzie (djm@kropotkin.gnu.ai.mit.edu) * termcap.c, tparam.c: Use HAVE_STRING_H instead of USG. Thu Dec 3 13:47:56 1992 David J. MacKenzie (djm@nutrimat.gnu.ai.mit.edu) * termcap.c, tparam.c [HAVE_CONFIG_H]: Include config.h. Fri Oct 23 12:35:29 1992 David J. MacKenzie (djm@goldman.gnu.ai.mit.edu) * termcap.h [__STDC__]: Add consts. From Franc,ois Pinard. Tue Oct 13 15:52:21 1992 David J. MacKenzie (djm@goldman.gnu.ai.mit.edu) * Version 1.1. Tue Sep 29 21:04:39 1992 David J. MacKenzie (djm@geech.gnu.ai.mit.edu) * termcap.[ch], tparam.c: Fix some lint. * version.c: New file. Local Variables: mode: indented-text left-margin: 8 version-control: never End: bash-1.14.3/lib/termcap/grot/texinfo.tex 444 436 0 373636 5416304542 16306 0ustar chetwheel%% TeX macros to handle texinfo files % Copyright (C) 1985, 86, 88, 90, 91, 92, 1993 Free Software Foundation, Inc. %This texinfo.tex file is free software; you can redistribute it and/or %modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as %published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at %your option) any later version. %This texinfo.tex file is distributed in the hope that it will be %useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty %of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU %General Public License for more details. %You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License %along with this texinfo.tex file; see the file COPYING. If not, write %to the Free Software Foundation, 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, %USA. %In other words, you are welcome to use, share and improve this program. %You are forbidden to forbid anyone else to use, share and improve %what you give them. Help stamp out software-hoarding! \def\texinfoversion{2.104} \message{Loading texinfo package [Version \texinfoversion]:} \message{} % Print the version number if in a .fmt file. \everyjob{\message{[Texinfo version \texinfoversion]}\message{}} % Save some parts of plain tex whose names we will redefine. \let\ptexlbrace=\{ \let\ptexrbrace=\} \let\ptexdots=\dots \let\ptexdot=\. \let\ptexstar=\* \let\ptexend=\end \let\ptexbullet=\bullet \let\ptexb=\b \let\ptexc=\c \let\ptexi=\i \let\ptext=\t \let\ptexl=\l \let\ptexL=\L \def\tie{\penalty 10000\ } % Save plain tex definition of ~. \message{Basics,} \chardef\other=12 % If this character appears in an error message or help string, it % starts a new line in the output. \newlinechar = `^^J % Ignore a token. % \def\gobble#1{} \hyphenation{ap-pen-dix} \hyphenation{mini-buf-fer mini-buf-fers} \hyphenation{eshell} % Margin to add to right of even pages, to left of odd pages. \newdimen \bindingoffset \bindingoffset=0pt \newdimen \normaloffset \normaloffset=\hoffset \newdimen\pagewidth \newdimen\pageheight \pagewidth=\hsize \pageheight=\vsize % Sometimes it is convenient to have everything in the transcript file % and nothing on the terminal. We don't just call \tracingall here, % since that produces some useless output on the terminal. % \def\gloggingall{\begingroup \globaldefs = 1 \loggingall \endgroup}% \def\loggingall{\tracingcommands2 \tracingstats2 \tracingpages1 \tracingoutput1 \tracinglostchars1 \tracingmacros2 \tracingparagraphs1 \tracingrestores1 \showboxbreadth\maxdimen\showboxdepth\maxdimen }% %---------------------Begin change----------------------- % %%%% For @cropmarks command. % Dimensions to add cropmarks at corners Added by P. A. MacKay, 12 Nov. 1986 % \newdimen\cornerlong \newdimen\cornerthick \newdimen \topandbottommargin \newdimen \outerhsize \newdimen \outervsize \cornerlong=1pc\cornerthick=.3pt % These set size of cropmarks \outerhsize=7in %\outervsize=9.5in % Alternative @smallbook page size is 9.25in \outervsize=9.25in \topandbottommargin=.75in % %---------------------End change----------------------- % \onepageout takes a vbox as an argument. Note that \pagecontents % does insertions itself, but you have to call it yourself. \chardef\PAGE=255 \output={\onepageout{\pagecontents\PAGE}} \def\onepageout#1{\hoffset=\normaloffset \ifodd\pageno \advance\hoffset by \bindingoffset \else \advance\hoffset by -\bindingoffset\fi {\escapechar=`\\\relax % makes sure backslash is used in output files. \shipout\vbox{{\let\hsize=\pagewidth \makeheadline} \pagebody{#1}% {\let\hsize=\pagewidth \makefootline}}}% \advancepageno \ifnum\outputpenalty>-20000 \else\dosupereject\fi} %%%% For @cropmarks command %%%% % Here is a modification of the main output routine for Near East Publications % This provides right-angle cropmarks at all four corners. % The contents of the page are centerlined into the cropmarks, % and any desired binding offset is added as an \hskip on either % site of the centerlined box. (P. A. MacKay, 12 November, 1986) % \def\croppageout#1{\hoffset=0pt % make sure this doesn't mess things up {\escapechar=`\\\relax % makes sure backslash is used in output files. \shipout \vbox to \outervsize{\hsize=\outerhsize \vbox{\line{\ewtop\hfill\ewtop}} \nointerlineskip \line{\vbox{\moveleft\cornerthick\nstop} \hfill \vbox{\moveright\cornerthick\nstop}} \vskip \topandbottommargin \centerline{\ifodd\pageno\hskip\bindingoffset\fi \vbox{ {\let\hsize=\pagewidth \makeheadline} \pagebody{#1} {\let\hsize=\pagewidth \makefootline}} \ifodd\pageno\else\hskip\bindingoffset\fi} \vskip \topandbottommargin plus1fill minus1fill \boxmaxdepth\cornerthick \line{\vbox{\moveleft\cornerthick\nsbot} \hfill \vbox{\moveright\cornerthick\nsbot}} \nointerlineskip \vbox{\line{\ewbot\hfill\ewbot}} }} \advancepageno \ifnum\outputpenalty>-20000 \else\dosupereject\fi} % % Do @cropmarks to get crop marks \def\cropmarks{\let\onepageout=\croppageout } \def\pagebody#1{\vbox to\pageheight{\boxmaxdepth=\maxdepth #1}} {\catcode`\@ =11 \gdef\pagecontents#1{\ifvoid\topins\else\unvbox\topins\fi \dimen@=\dp#1 \unvbox#1 \ifvoid\footins\else\vskip\skip\footins\footnoterule \unvbox\footins\fi \ifr@ggedbottom \kern-\dimen@ \vfil \fi} } % % Here are the rules for the cropmarks. Note that they are % offset so that the space between them is truly \outerhsize or \outervsize % (P. A. MacKay, 12 November, 1986) % \def\ewtop{\vrule height\cornerthick depth0pt width\cornerlong} \def\nstop{\vbox {\hrule height\cornerthick depth\cornerlong width\cornerthick}} \def\ewbot{\vrule height0pt depth\cornerthick width\cornerlong} \def\nsbot{\vbox {\hrule height\cornerlong depth\cornerthick width\cornerthick}} % Parse an argument, then pass it to #1. The argument is the rest of % the input line (except we remove a trailing comment). #1 should be a % macro which expects an ordinary undelimited TeX argument. % \def\parsearg#1{% \let\next = #1% \begingroup \obeylines \futurelet\temp\parseargx } % If the next token is an obeyed space (from an @example environment or % the like), remove it and recurse. Otherwise, we're done. \def\parseargx{% % \obeyedspace is defined far below, after the definition of \sepspaces. \ifx\obeyedspace\temp \expandafter\parseargdiscardspace \else \expandafter\parseargline \fi } % Remove a single space (as the delimiter token to the macro call). {\obeyspaces % \gdef\parseargdiscardspace {\futurelet\temp\parseargx}} {\obeylines % \gdef\parseargline#1^^M{% \endgroup % End of the group started in \parsearg. % % First remove any @c comment, then any @comment. % Result of each macro is put in \toks0. \argremovec #1\c\relax % \expandafter\argremovecomment \the\toks0 \comment\relax % % % Call the caller's macro, saved as \next in \parsearg. \expandafter\next\expandafter{\the\toks0}% }% } % Since all \c{,omment} does is throw away the argument, we can let TeX % do that for us. The \relax here is matched by the \relax in the call % in \parseargline; it could be more or less anything, its purpose is % just to delimit the argument to the \c. \def\argremovec#1\c#2\relax{\toks0 = {#1}} \def\argremovecomment#1\comment#2\relax{\toks0 = {#1}} % \argremovec{,omment} might leave us with trailing spaces, though; e.g., % @end itemize @c foo % will have two active spaces as part of the argument with the % `itemize'. Here we remove all active spaces from #1, and assign the % result to \toks0. % % This loses if there are any *other* active characters besides spaces % in the argument -- _ ^ +, for example -- since they get expanded. % Fortunately, Texinfo does not define any such commands. (If it ever % does, the catcode of the characters in questionwill have to be changed % here.) But this means we cannot call \removeactivespaces as part of % \argremovec{,omment}, since @c uses \parsearg, and thus the argument % that \parsearg gets might well have any character at all in it. % \def\removeactivespaces#1{% \begingroup \ignoreactivespaces \edef\temp{#1}% \global\toks0 = \expandafter{\temp}% \endgroup } % Change the active space to expand to nothing. % \begingroup \obeyspaces \gdef\ignoreactivespaces{\obeyspaces\let =\empty} \endgroup \def\flushcr{\ifx\par\lisppar \def\next##1{}\else \let\next=\relax \fi \next} %% These are used to keep @begin/@end levels from running away %% Call \inENV within environments (after a \begingroup) \newif\ifENV \ENVfalse \def\inENV{\ifENV\relax\else\ENVtrue\fi} \def\ENVcheck{% \ifENV\errmessage{Still within an environment. Type Return to continue.} \endgroup\fi} % This is not perfect, but it should reduce lossage % @begin foo is the same as @foo, for now. \newhelp\EMsimple{Type to continue.} \outer\def\begin{\parsearg\beginxxx} \def\beginxxx #1{% \expandafter\ifx\csname #1\endcsname\relax {\errhelp=\EMsimple \errmessage{Undefined command @begin #1}}\else \csname #1\endcsname\fi} % @end foo executes the definition of \Efoo. % \def\end{\parsearg\endxxx} \def\endxxx #1{% \removeactivespaces{#1}% \edef\endthing{\the\toks0}% % \expandafter\ifx\csname E\endthing\endcsname\relax \expandafter\ifx\csname \endthing\endcsname\relax % There's no \foo, i.e., no ``environment'' foo. \errhelp = \EMsimple \errmessage{Undefined command `@end \endthing'}% \else \unmatchedenderror\endthing \fi \else % Everything's ok; the right environment has been started. \csname E\endthing\endcsname \fi } % There is an environment #1, but it hasn't been started. Give an error. % \def\unmatchedenderror#1{% \errhelp = \EMsimple \errmessage{This `@end #1' doesn't have a matching `@#1'}% } % Define the control sequence \E#1 to give an unmatched @end error. % \def\defineunmatchedend#1{% \expandafter\def\csname E#1\endcsname{\unmatchedenderror{#1}}% } % Single-spacing is done by various environments. \newskip\singlespaceskip \singlespaceskip = \baselineskip \def\singlespace{% {\advance \baselineskip by -\singlespaceskip \kern \baselineskip}% \baselineskip=\singlespaceskip } %% Simple single-character @ commands % @@ prints an @ % Kludge this until the fonts are right (grr). \def\@{{\tt \char '100}} % This is turned off because it was never documented % and you can use @w{...} around a quote to suppress ligatures. %% Define @` and @' to be the same as ` and ' %% but suppressing ligatures. %\def\`{{`}} %\def\'{{'}} % Used to generate quoted braces. \def\mylbrace {{\tt \char '173}} \def\myrbrace {{\tt \char '175}} \let\{=\mylbrace \let\}=\myrbrace % @: forces normal size whitespace following. \def\:{\spacefactor=1000 } % @* forces a line break. \def\*{\hfil\break\hbox{}\ignorespaces} % @. is an end-of-sentence period. \def\.{.\spacefactor=3000 } % @w prevents a word break. Without the \leavevmode, @w at the % beginning of a paragraph, when TeX is still in vertical mode, would % produce a whole line of output instead of starting the paragraph. \def\w#1{\leavevmode\hbox{#1}} % @group ... @end group forces ... to be all on one page, by enclosing % it in a TeX vbox. We use \vtop instead of \vbox to construct the box % to keep its height that of a normal line. According to the rules for % \topskip (p.114 of the TeXbook), the glue inserted is % max (\topskip - \ht (first item), 0). If that height is large, % therefore, no glue is inserted, and the space between the headline and % the text is small, which looks bad. % \def\group{\begingroup \ifnum\catcode13=\active \else \errhelp = \groupinvalidhelp \errmessage{@group invalid in context where filling is enabled}% \fi % % The \vtop we start below produces a box with normal height and large % depth; thus, TeX puts \baselineskip glue before it, and (when the % next line of text is done) \lineskip glue after it. (See p.82 of % the TeXbook.) But the next line of text also gets us \parskip glue. % Final result: space below is slightly more than space above. \def\Egroup{% \egroup % End the \vtop. \endgroup % End the \group. }% % \vtop\bgroup % We have to put a strut on the last line in case the @group is in % the midst of an example, rather than completely enclosing it. % Otherwise, the interline space between the last line of the group % and the first line afterwards is too small. But we can't put the % strut in \Egroup, since there it would be on a line by itself. % Hence this just inserts a strut at the beginning of each line. \everypar = {\strut}% % % We do @comment here in case we are called inside an environment, % such as @example, where each end-of-line in the input causes an % end-of-line in the output. We don't want the end-of-line after % the `@group' to put extra space in the output. Since @group % should appear on a line by itself (according to the Texinfo % manual), we don't worry about eating any user text. \comment } % % TeX puts in an \escapechar (i.e., `@') at the beginning of the help % message, so this ends up printing `@group can only ...'. % \newhelp\groupinvalidhelp{% group can only be used in environments such as @example,^^J% where each line of input produces a line of output.} % @need space-in-mils % forces a page break if there is not space-in-mils remaining. \newdimen\mil \mil=0.001in \def\need{\parsearg\needx} % Old definition--didn't work. %\def\needx #1{\par % %% This method tries to make TeX break the page naturally %% if the depth of the box does not fit. %{\baselineskip=0pt% %\vtop to #1\mil{\vfil}\kern -#1\mil\penalty 10000 %\prevdepth=-1000pt %}} \def\needx#1{% % Go into vertical mode, so we don't make a big box in the middle of a % paragraph. \par % % Don't add any leading before our big empty box, but allow a page % break, since the best break might be right here. \allowbreak \nointerlineskip \vtop to #1\mil{\vfil}% % % TeX does not even consider page breaks if a penalty added to the % main vertical list is 10000 or more. But in order to see if the % empty box we just added fits on the page, we must make it consider % page breaks. On the other hand, we don't want to actually break the % page after the empty box. So we use a penalty of 9999. % % There is an extremely small chance that TeX will actually break the % page at this \penalty, if there are no other feasible breakpoints in % sight. (If the user is using lots of big @group commands, which % almost-but-not-quite fill up a page, TeX will have a hard time doing % good page breaking, for example.) However, I could not construct an % example where a page broke at this \penalty; if it happens in a real % document, then we can reconsider our strategy. \penalty9999 % % Back up by the size of the box, whether we did a page break or not. \kern -#1\mil % % Do not allow a page break right after this kern. \nobreak } % @br forces paragraph break \let\br = \par % @dots{} output some dots \def\dots{$\ldots$} % @page forces the start of a new page \def\page{\par\vfill\supereject} % @exdent text.... % outputs text on separate line in roman font, starting at standard page margin % This records the amount of indent in the innermost environment. % That's how much \exdent should take out. \newskip\exdentamount % This defn is used inside fill environments such as @defun. \def\exdent{\parsearg\exdentyyy} \def\exdentyyy #1{{\hfil\break\hbox{\kern -\exdentamount{\rm#1}}\hfil\break}} % This defn is used inside nofill environments such as @example. \def\nofillexdent{\parsearg\nofillexdentyyy} \def\nofillexdentyyy #1{{\advance \leftskip by -\exdentamount \leftline{\hskip\leftskip{\rm#1}}}} %\hbox{{\rm#1}}\hfil\break}} % @include file insert text of that file as input. \def\include{\parsearg\includezzz} %Use \input\thisfile to avoid blank after \input, which may be an active %char (in which case the blank would become the \input argument). %The grouping keeps the value of \thisfile correct even when @include %is nested. \def\includezzz #1{\begingroup \def\thisfile{#1}\input\thisfile \endgroup} \def\thisfile{} % @center line outputs that line, centered \def\center{\parsearg\centerzzz} \def\centerzzz #1{{\advance\hsize by -\leftskip \advance\hsize by -\rightskip \centerline{#1}}} % @sp n outputs n lines of vertical space \def\sp{\parsearg\spxxx} \def\spxxx #1{\par \vskip #1\baselineskip} % @comment ...line which is ignored... % @c is the same as @comment % @ignore ... @end ignore is another way to write a comment \def\comment{\catcode 64=\other \catcode 123=\other \catcode 125=\other% \parsearg \commentxxx} \def\commentxxx #1{\catcode 64=0 \catcode 123=1 \catcode 125=2 } \let\c=\comment % Prevent errors for section commands. % Used in @ignore and in failing conditionals. \def\ignoresections{% \let\chapter=\relax \let\unnumbered=\relax \let\top=\relax \let\unnumberedsec=\relax \let\unnumberedsection=\relax \let\unnumberedsubsec=\relax \let\unnumberedsubsection=\relax \let\unnumberedsubsubsec=\relax \let\unnumberedsubsubsection=\relax \let\section=\relax \let\subsec=\relax \let\subsubsec=\relax \let\subsection=\relax \let\subsubsection=\relax \let\appendix=\relax \let\appendixsec=\relax \let\appendixsection=\relax \let\appendixsubsec=\relax \let\appendixsubsection=\relax \let\appendixsubsubsec=\relax \let\appendixsubsubsection=\relax \let\contents=\relax \let\smallbook=\relax \let\titlepage=\relax } % Used in nested conditionals, where we have to parse the Texinfo source % and so want to turn off most commands, in case they are used % incorrectly. % \def\ignoremorecommands{% \let\defcv = \relax \let\deffn = \relax \let\deffnx = \relax \let\defindex = \relax \let\defivar = \relax \let\defmac = \relax \let\defmethod = \relax \let\defop = \relax \let\defopt = \relax \let\defspec = \relax \let\deftp = \relax \let\deftypefn = \relax \let\deftypefun = \relax \let\deftypevar = \relax \let\deftypevr = \relax \let\defun = \relax \let\defvar = \relax \let\defvr = \relax \let\ref = \relax \let\xref = \relax \let\printindex = \relax \let\pxref = \relax \let\settitle = \relax \let\include = \relax } % Ignore @ignore ... @end ignore. % \def\ignore{\doignore{ignore}} % Also ignore @ifinfo, @menu, and @direntry text. % \def\ifinfo{\doignore{ifinfo}} \def\menu{\doignore{menu}} \def\direntry{\doignore{direntry}} % Ignore text until a line `@end #1'. % \def\doignore#1{\begingroup % Don't complain about control sequences we have declared \outer. \ignoresections % % Define a command to swallow text until we reach `@end #1'. \long\def\doignoretext##1\end #1{\enddoignore}% % % Make sure that spaces turn into tokens that match what \doignoretext wants. \catcode32 = 10 % % And now expand that command. \doignoretext } % What we do to finish off ignored text. % \def\enddoignore{\endgroup\ignorespaces}% \newif\ifwarnedobs\warnedobsfalse \def\obstexwarn{% \ifwarnedobs\relax\else % We need to warn folks that they may have trouble with TeX 3.0. % This uses \immediate\write16 rather than \message to get newlines. \immediate\write16{} \immediate\write16{***WARNING*** for users of Unix TeX 3.0!} \immediate\write16{This manual trips a bug in TeX version 3.0 (tex hangs).} \immediate\write16{If you are running another version of TeX, relax.} \immediate\write16{If you are running Unix TeX 3.0, kill this TeX process.} \immediate\write16{ Then upgrade your TeX installation if you can.} \immediate\write16{If you are stuck with version 3.0, run the} \immediate\write16{ script ``tex3patch'' from the Texinfo distribution} \immediate\write16{ to use a workaround.} \immediate\write16{} \warnedobstrue \fi } % **In TeX 3.0, setting text in \nullfont hangs tex. For a % workaround (which requires the file ``dummy.tfm'' to be installed), % uncomment the following line: %%%%%\font\nullfont=dummy\let\obstexwarn=\relax % Ignore text, except that we keep track of conditional commands for % purposes of nesting, up to an `@end #1' command. % \def\nestedignore#1{% \obstexwarn % We must actually expand the ignored text to look for the @end % command, so that nested ignore constructs work. Thus, we put the % text into a \vbox and then do nothing with the result. To minimize % the change of memory overflow, we follow the approach outlined on % page 401 of the TeXbook: make the current font be a dummy font. % \setbox0 = \vbox\bgroup % Don't complain about control sequences we have declared \outer. \ignoresections % % Define `@end #1' to end the box, which will in turn undefine the % @end command again. \expandafter\def\csname E#1\endcsname{\egroup\ignorespaces}% % % We are going to be parsing Texinfo commands. Most cause no % trouble when they are used incorrectly, but some commands do % complicated argument parsing or otherwise get confused, so we % undefine them. % % We can't do anything about stray @-signs, unfortunately; % they'll produce `undefined control sequence' errors. \ignoremorecommands % % Set the current font to be \nullfont, a TeX primitive, and define % all the font commands to also use \nullfont. We don't use % dummy.tfm, as suggested in the TeXbook, because not all sites % might have that installed. Therefore, math mode will still % produce output, but that should be an extremely small amount of % stuff compared to the main input. % \nullfont \let\tenrm = \nullfont \let\tenit = \nullfont \let\tensl = \nullfont \let\tenbf = \nullfont \let\tentt = \nullfont \let\smallcaps = \nullfont \let\tensf = \nullfont % % Don't complain when characters are missing from the fonts. \tracinglostchars = 0 % % Don't bother to do space factor calculations. \frenchspacing % % Don't report underfull hboxes. \hbadness = 10000 % % Do minimal line-breaking. \pretolerance = 10000 % % Do not execute instructions in @tex \def\tex{\doignore{tex}} } % @set VAR sets the variable VAR to an empty value. % @set VAR REST-OF-LINE sets VAR to the value REST-OF-LINE. % % Since we want to separate VAR from REST-OF-LINE (which might be % empty), we can't just use \parsearg; we have to insert a space of our % own to delimit the rest of the line, and then take it out again if we % didn't need it. % \def\set{\parsearg\setxxx} \def\setxxx#1{\setyyy#1 \endsetyyy} \def\setyyy#1 #2\endsetyyy{% \def\temp{#2}% \ifx\temp\empty \global\expandafter\let\csname SET#1\endcsname = \empty \else \setzzz{#1}#2\endsetzzz % Remove the trailing space \setxxx inserted. \fi } \def\setzzz#1#2 \endsetzzz{\expandafter\xdef\csname SET#1\endcsname{#2}} % @clear VAR clears (i.e., unsets) the variable VAR. % \def\clear{\parsearg\clearxxx} \def\clearxxx#1{\global\expandafter\let\csname SET#1\endcsname=\relax} % @value{foo} gets the text saved in variable foo. % \def\value#1{\expandafter \ifx\csname SET#1\endcsname\relax {\{No value for ``#1''\}} \else \csname SET#1\endcsname \fi} % @ifset VAR ... @end ifset reads the `...' iff VAR has been defined % with @set. % \def\ifset{\parsearg\ifsetxxx} \def\ifsetxxx #1{% \expandafter\ifx\csname SET#1\endcsname\relax \expandafter\ifsetfail \else \expandafter\ifsetsucceed \fi } \def\ifsetsucceed{\conditionalsucceed{ifset}} \def\ifsetfail{\nestedignore{ifset}} \defineunmatchedend{ifset} % @ifclear VAR ... @end ifclear reads the `...' iff VAR has never been % defined with @set, or has been undefined with @clear. % \def\ifclear{\parsearg\ifclearxxx} \def\ifclearxxx #1{% \expandafter\ifx\csname SET#1\endcsname\relax \expandafter\ifclearsucceed \else \expandafter\ifclearfail \fi } \def\ifclearsucceed{\conditionalsucceed{ifclear}} \def\ifclearfail{\nestedignore{ifclear}} \defineunmatchedend{ifclear} % @iftex always succeeds; we read the text following, through @end % iftex). But `@end iftex' should be valid only after an @iftex. % \def\iftex{\conditionalsucceed{iftex}} \defineunmatchedend{iftex} % We can't just want to start a group at @iftex (for example) and end it % at @end iftex, since then @set commands inside the conditional have no % effect (they'd get reverted at the end of the group). So we must % define \Eiftex to redefine itself to be its previous value. (We can't % just define it to fail again with an ``unmatched end'' error, since % the @ifset might be nested.) % \def\conditionalsucceed#1{% \edef\temp{% % Remember the current value of \E#1. \let\nece{prevE#1} = \nece{E#1}% % % At the `@end #1', redefine \E#1 to be its previous value. \def\nece{E#1}{\let\nece{E#1} = \nece{prevE#1}}% }% \temp } % We need to expand lots of \csname's, but we don't want to expand the % control sequences after we've constructed them. % \def\nece#1{\expandafter\noexpand\csname#1\endcsname} % @asis just yields its argument. Used with @table, for example. % \def\asis#1{#1} % @math means output in math mode. % We don't use $'s directly in the definition of \math because control % sequences like \math are expanded when the toc file is written. Then, % we read the toc file back, the $'s will be normal characters (as they % should be, according to the definition of Texinfo). So we must use a % control sequence to switch into and out of math mode. % % This isn't quite enough for @math to work properly in indices, but it % seems unlikely it will ever be needed there. % \let\implicitmath = $ \def\math#1{\implicitmath #1\implicitmath} % @bullet and @minus need the same treatment as @math, just above. \def\bullet{\implicitmath\ptexbullet\implicitmath} \def\minus{\implicitmath-\implicitmath} \def\node{\ENVcheck\parsearg\nodezzz} \def\nodezzz#1{\nodexxx [#1,]} \def\nodexxx[#1,#2]{\gdef\lastnode{#1}} \let\nwnode=\node \let\lastnode=\relax \def\donoderef{\ifx\lastnode\relax\else \expandafter\expandafter\expandafter\setref{\lastnode}\fi \let\lastnode=\relax} \def\unnumbnoderef{\ifx\lastnode\relax\else \expandafter\expandafter\expandafter\unnumbsetref{\lastnode}\fi \let\lastnode=\relax} \def\appendixnoderef{\ifx\lastnode\relax\else \expandafter\expandafter\expandafter\appendixsetref{\lastnode}\fi \let\lastnode=\relax} \let\refill=\relax % @setfilename is done at the beginning of every texinfo file. % So open here the files we need to have open while reading the input. % This makes it possible to make a .fmt file for texinfo. \def\setfilename{% \readauxfile \opencontents \openindices \fixbackslash % Turn off hack to swallow `\input texinfo'. \global\let\setfilename=\comment % Ignore extra @setfilename cmds. \comment % Ignore the actual filename. } \outer\def\bye{\pagealignmacro\tracingstats=1\ptexend} \def\inforef #1{\inforefzzz #1,,,,**} \def\inforefzzz #1,#2,#3,#4**{See Info file \file{\ignorespaces #3{}}, node \samp{\ignorespaces#1{}}} \message{fonts,} % Font-change commands. % Texinfo supports the sans serif font style, which plain TeX does not. % So we set up a \sf analogous to plain's \rm, etc. \newfam\sffam \def\sf{\fam=\sffam \tensf} \let\li = \sf % Sometimes we call it \li, not \sf. %% Try out Computer Modern fonts at \magstephalf \let\mainmagstep=\magstephalf \ifx\bigger\relax \let\mainmagstep=\magstep1 \font\textrm=cmr12 \font\texttt=cmtt12 \else \font\textrm=cmr10 scaled \mainmagstep \font\texttt=cmtt10 scaled \mainmagstep \fi % Instead of cmb10, you many want to use cmbx10. % cmbx10 is a prettier font on its own, but cmb10 % looks better when embedded in a line with cmr10. \font\textbf=cmb10 scaled \mainmagstep \font\textit=cmti10 scaled \mainmagstep \font\textsl=cmsl10 scaled \mainmagstep \font\textsf=cmss10 scaled \mainmagstep \font\textsc=cmcsc10 scaled \mainmagstep \font\texti=cmmi10 scaled \mainmagstep \font\textsy=cmsy10 scaled \mainmagstep % A few fonts for @defun, etc. \font\defbf=cmbx10 scaled \magstep1 %was 1314 \font\deftt=cmtt10 scaled \magstep1 \def\df{\let\tentt=\deftt \let\tenbf = \defbf \bf} % Fonts for indices and small examples. % We actually use the slanted font rather than the italic, % because texinfo normally uses the slanted fonts for that. % Do not make many font distinctions in general in the index, since they % aren't very useful. \font\ninett=cmtt9 \font\indrm=cmr9 \font\indit=cmsl9 \let\indsl=\indit \let\indtt=\ninett \let\indsf=\indrm \let\indbf=\indrm \let\indsc=\indrm \font\indi=cmmi9 \font\indsy=cmsy9 % Fonts for headings \font\chaprm=cmbx12 scaled \magstep2 \font\chapit=cmti12 scaled \magstep2 \font\chapsl=cmsl12 scaled \magstep2 \font\chaptt=cmtt12 scaled \magstep2 \font\chapsf=cmss12 scaled \magstep2 \let\chapbf=\chaprm \font\chapsc=cmcsc10 scaled\magstep3 \font\chapi=cmmi12 scaled \magstep2 \font\chapsy=cmsy10 scaled \magstep3 \font\secrm=cmbx12 scaled \magstep1 \font\secit=cmti12 scaled \magstep1 \font\secsl=cmsl12 scaled \magstep1 \font\sectt=cmtt12 scaled \magstep1 \font\secsf=cmss12 scaled \magstep1 \font\secbf=cmbx12 scaled \magstep1 \font\secsc=cmcsc10 scaled\magstep2 \font\seci=cmmi12 scaled \magstep1 \font\secsy=cmsy10 scaled \magstep2 % \font\ssecrm=cmbx10 scaled \magstep1 % This size an font looked bad. % \font\ssecit=cmti10 scaled \magstep1 % The letters were too crowded. % \font\ssecsl=cmsl10 scaled \magstep1 % \font\ssectt=cmtt10 scaled \magstep1 % \font\ssecsf=cmss10 scaled \magstep1 %\font\ssecrm=cmb10 scaled 1315 % Note the use of cmb rather than cmbx. %\font\ssecit=cmti10 scaled 1315 % Also, the size is a little larger than %\font\ssecsl=cmsl10 scaled 1315 % being scaled magstep1. %\font\ssectt=cmtt10 scaled 1315 %\font\ssecsf=cmss10 scaled 1315 %\let\ssecbf=\ssecrm \font\ssecrm=cmbx12 scaled \magstephalf \font\ssecit=cmti12 scaled \magstephalf \font\ssecsl=cmsl12 scaled \magstephalf \font\ssectt=cmtt12 scaled \magstephalf \font\ssecsf=cmss12 scaled \magstephalf \font\ssecbf=cmbx12 scaled \magstephalf \font\ssecsc=cmcsc10 scaled \magstep1 \font\sseci=cmmi12 scaled \magstephalf \font\ssecsy=cmsy10 scaled \magstep1 % The smallcaps and symbol fonts should actually be scaled \magstep1.5, % but that is not a standard magnification. % Fonts for title page: \font\titlerm = cmbx12 scaled \magstep3 \let\authorrm = \secrm % In order for the font changes to affect most math symbols and letters, % we have to define the \textfont of the standard families. Since % texinfo doesn't allow for producing subscripts and superscripts, we % don't bother to reset \scriptfont and \scriptscriptfont (which would % also require loading a lot more fonts). % \def\resetmathfonts{% \textfont0 = \tenrm \textfont1 = \teni \textfont2 = \tensy \textfont\itfam = \tenit \textfont\slfam = \tensl \textfont\bffam = \tenbf \textfont\ttfam = \tentt \textfont\sffam = \tensf } % The font-changing commands redefine the meanings of \tenSTYLE, instead % of just \STYLE. We do this so that font changes will continue to work % in math mode, where it is the current \fam that is relevant in most % cases, not the current. Plain TeX does, for example, % \def\bf{\fam=\bffam \tenbf} By redefining \tenbf, we obviate the need % to redefine \bf itself. \def\textfonts{% \let\tenrm=\textrm \let\tenit=\textit \let\tensl=\textsl \let\tenbf=\textbf \let\tentt=\texttt \let\smallcaps=\textsc \let\tensf=\textsf \let\teni=\texti \let\tensy=\textsy \resetmathfonts} \def\chapfonts{% \let\tenrm=\chaprm \let\tenit=\chapit \let\tensl=\chapsl \let\tenbf=\chapbf \let\tentt=\chaptt \let\smallcaps=\chapsc \let\tensf=\chapsf \let\teni=\chapi \let\tensy=\chapsy \resetmathfonts} \def\secfonts{% \let\tenrm=\secrm \let\tenit=\secit \let\tensl=\secsl \let\tenbf=\secbf \let\tentt=\sectt \let\smallcaps=\secsc \let\tensf=\secsf \let\teni=\seci \let\tensy=\secsy \resetmathfonts} \def\subsecfonts{% \let\tenrm=\ssecrm \let\tenit=\ssecit \let\tensl=\ssecsl \let\tenbf=\ssecbf \let\tentt=\ssectt \let\smallcaps=\ssecsc \let\tensf=\ssecsf \let\teni=\sseci \let\tensy=\ssecsy \resetmathfonts} \def\indexfonts{% \let\tenrm=\indrm \let\tenit=\indit \let\tensl=\indsl \let\tenbf=\indbf \let\tentt=\indtt \let\smallcaps=\indsc \let\tensf=\indsf \let\teni=\indi \let\tensy=\indsy \resetmathfonts} % Set up the default fonts, so we can use them for creating boxes. % \textfonts % Count depth in font-changes, for error checks \newcount\fontdepth \fontdepth=0 % Fonts for short table of contents. \font\shortcontrm=cmr12 \font\shortcontbf=cmbx12 \font\shortcontsl=cmsl12 %% Add scribe-like font environments, plus @l for inline lisp (usually sans %% serif) and @ii for TeX italic % \smartitalic{ARG} outputs arg in italics, followed by an italic correction % unless the following character is such as not to need one. \def\smartitalicx{\ifx\next,\else\ifx\next-\else\ifx\next.\else\/\fi\fi\fi} \def\smartitalic#1{{\sl #1}\futurelet\next\smartitalicx} \let\i=\smartitalic \let\var=\smartitalic \let\dfn=\smartitalic \let\emph=\smartitalic \let\cite=\smartitalic \def\b#1{{\bf #1}} \let\strong=\b % We can't just use \exhyphenpenalty, because that only has effect at % the end of a paragraph. Restore normal hyphenation at the end of the % group within which \nohyphenation is presumably called. % \def\nohyphenation{\hyphenchar\font = -1 \aftergroup\restorehyphenation} \def\restorehyphenation{\hyphenchar\font = `- } \def\t#1{% {\tt \nohyphenation \rawbackslash \frenchspacing #1}% \null } \let\ttfont = \t %\def\samp #1{`{\tt \rawbackslash \frenchspacing #1}'\null} \def\samp #1{`\tclose{#1}'\null} \def\key #1{{\tt \nohyphenation \uppercase{#1}}\null} \def\ctrl #1{{\tt \rawbackslash \hat}#1} \let\file=\samp % @code is a modification of @t, % which makes spaces the same size as normal in the surrounding text. \def\tclose#1{% {% % Change normal interword space to be same as for the current font. \spaceskip = \fontdimen2\font % % Switch to typewriter. \tt % % But `\ ' produces the large typewriter interword space. \def\ {{\spaceskip = 0pt{} }}% % % Turn off hyphenation. \nohyphenation % \rawbackslash \frenchspacing #1% }% \null } \let\code=\tclose %\let\exp=\tclose %Was temporary % @kbd is like @code, except that if the argument is just one @key command, % then @kbd has no effect. \def\xkey{\key} \def\kbdfoo#1#2#3\par{\def\one{#1}\def\three{#3}\def\threex{??}% \ifx\one\xkey\ifx\threex\three \key{#2}% \else\tclose{\look}\fi \else\tclose{\look}\fi} % Typeset a dimension, e.g., `in' or `pt'. The only reason for the % argument is to make the input look right: @dmn{pt} instead of % @dmn{}pt. % \def\dmn#1{\thinspace #1} \def\kbd#1{\def\look{#1}\expandafter\kbdfoo\look??\par} \def\l#1{{\li #1}\null} % \def\r#1{{\rm #1}} % roman font % Use of \lowercase was suggested. \def\sc#1{{\smallcaps#1}} % smallcaps font \def\ii#1{{\it #1}} % italic font \message{page headings,} \newskip\titlepagetopglue \titlepagetopglue = 1.5in \newskip\titlepagebottomglue \titlepagebottomglue = 2pc % First the title page. Must do @settitle before @titlepage. \def\titlefont#1{{\titlerm #1}} \newif\ifseenauthor \newif\iffinishedtitlepage \def\shorttitlepage{\parsearg\shorttitlepagezzz} \def\shorttitlepagezzz #1{\begingroup\hbox{}\vskip 1.5in \chaprm \centerline{#1}% \endgroup\page\hbox{}\page} \def\titlepage{\begingroup \parindent=0pt \textfonts \let\subtitlerm=\tenrm % I deinstalled the following change because \cmr12 is undefined. % This change was not in the ChangeLog anyway. --rms. % \let\subtitlerm=\cmr12 \def\subtitlefont{\subtitlerm \normalbaselineskip = 13pt \normalbaselines}% % \def\authorfont{\authorrm \normalbaselineskip = 16pt \normalbaselines}% % % Leave some space at the very top of the page. \vglue\titlepagetopglue % % Now you can print the title using @title. \def\title{\parsearg\titlezzz}% \def\titlezzz##1{\leftline{\titlefont{##1}} % print a rule at the page bottom also. \finishedtitlepagefalse \vskip4pt \hrule height 4pt \vskip4pt}% % No rule at page bottom unless we print one at the top with @title. \finishedtitlepagetrue % % Now you can put text using @subtitle. \def\subtitle{\parsearg\subtitlezzz}% \def\subtitlezzz##1{{\subtitlefont \rightline{##1}}}% % % @author should come last, but may come many times. \def\author{\parsearg\authorzzz}% \def\authorzzz##1{\ifseenauthor\else\vskip 0pt plus 1filll\seenauthortrue\fi {\authorfont \leftline{##1}}}% % % Most title ``pages'' are actually two pages long, with space % at the top of the second. We don't want the ragged left on the second. \let\oldpage = \page \def\page{% \iffinishedtitlepage\else \finishtitlepage \fi \oldpage \let\page = \oldpage \hbox{}}% % \def\page{\oldpage \hbox{}} } \def\Etitlepage{% \iffinishedtitlepage\else \finishtitlepage \fi % It is important to do the page break before ending the group, % because the headline and footline are only empty inside the group. % If we use the new definition of \page, we always get a blank page % after the title page, which we certainly don't want. \oldpage \endgroup \HEADINGSon } \def\finishtitlepage{% \vskip4pt \hrule height 2pt \vskip\titlepagebottomglue \finishedtitlepagetrue } %%% Set up page headings and footings. \let\thispage=\folio \newtoks \evenheadline % Token sequence for heading line of even pages \newtoks \oddheadline % Token sequence for heading line of odd pages \newtoks \evenfootline % Token sequence for footing line of even pages \newtoks \oddfootline % Token sequence for footing line of odd pages % Now make Tex use those variables \headline={{\textfonts\rm \ifodd\pageno \the\oddheadline \else \the\evenheadline \fi}} \footline={{\textfonts\rm \ifodd\pageno \the\oddfootline \else \the\evenfootline \fi}\HEADINGShook} \let\HEADINGShook=\relax % Commands to set those variables. % For example, this is what @headings on does % @evenheading @thistitle|@thispage|@thischapter % @oddheading @thischapter|@thispage|@thistitle % @evenfooting @thisfile|| % @oddfooting ||@thisfile \def\evenheading{\parsearg\evenheadingxxx} \def\oddheading{\parsearg\oddheadingxxx} \def\everyheading{\parsearg\everyheadingxxx} \def\evenfooting{\parsearg\evenfootingxxx} \def\oddfooting{\parsearg\oddfootingxxx} \def\everyfooting{\parsearg\everyfootingxxx} {\catcode`\@=0 % \gdef\evenheadingxxx #1{\evenheadingyyy #1@|@|@|@|\finish} \gdef\evenheadingyyy #1@|#2@|#3@|#4\finish{% \global\evenheadline={\rlap{\centerline{#2}}\line{#1\hfil#3}}} \gdef\oddheadingxxx #1{\oddheadingyyy #1@|@|@|@|\finish} \gdef\oddheadingyyy #1@|#2@|#3@|#4\finish{% \global\oddheadline={\rlap{\centerline{#2}}\line{#1\hfil#3}}} \gdef\everyheadingxxx #1{\everyheadingyyy #1@|@|@|@|\finish} \gdef\everyheadingyyy #1@|#2@|#3@|#4\finish{% \global\evenheadline={\rlap{\centerline{#2}}\line{#1\hfil#3}} \global\oddheadline={\rlap{\centerline{#2}}\line{#1\hfil#3}}} \gdef\evenfootingxxx #1{\evenfootingyyy #1@|@|@|@|\finish} \gdef\evenfootingyyy #1@|#2@|#3@|#4\finish{% \global\evenfootline={\rlap{\centerline{#2}}\line{#1\hfil#3}}} \gdef\oddfootingxxx #1{\oddfootingyyy #1@|@|@|@|\finish} \gdef\oddfootingyyy #1@|#2@|#3@|#4\finish{% \global\oddfootline={\rlap{\centerline{#2}}\line{#1\hfil#3}}} \gdef\everyfootingxxx #1{\everyfootingyyy #1@|@|@|@|\finish} \gdef\everyfootingyyy #1@|#2@|#3@|#4\finish{% \global\evenfootline={\rlap{\centerline{#2}}\line{#1\hfil#3}} \global\oddfootline={\rlap{\centerline{#2}}\line{#1\hfil#3}}} % }% unbind the catcode of @. % @headings double turns headings on for double-sided printing. % @headings single turns headings on for single-sided printing. % @headings off turns them off. % @headings on same as @headings double, retained for compatibility. % @headings after turns on double-sided headings after this page. % @headings doubleafter turns on double-sided headings after this page. % @headings singleafter turns on single-sided headings after this page. % By default, they are off. \def\headings #1 {\csname HEADINGS#1\endcsname} \def\HEADINGSoff{ \global\evenheadline={\hfil} \global\evenfootline={\hfil} \global\oddheadline={\hfil} \global\oddfootline={\hfil}} \HEADINGSoff % When we turn headings on, set the page number to 1. % For double-sided printing, put current file name in lower left corner, % chapter name on inside top of right hand pages, document % title on inside top of left hand pages, and page numbers on outside top % edge of all pages. \def\HEADINGSdouble{ %\pagealignmacro \global\pageno=1 \global\evenfootline={\hfil} \global\oddfootline={\hfil} \global\evenheadline={\line{\folio\hfil\thistitle}} \global\oddheadline={\line{\thischapter\hfil\folio}} } % For single-sided printing, chapter title goes across top left of page, % page number on top right. \def\HEADINGSsingle{ %\pagealignmacro \global\pageno=1 \global\evenfootline={\hfil} \global\oddfootline={\hfil} \global\evenheadline={\line{\thischapter\hfil\folio}} \global\oddheadline={\line{\thischapter\hfil\folio}} } \def\HEADINGSon{\HEADINGSdouble} \def\HEADINGSafter{\let\HEADINGShook=\HEADINGSdoublex} \let\HEADINGSdoubleafter=\HEADINGSafter \def\HEADINGSdoublex{% \global\evenfootline={\hfil} \global\oddfootline={\hfil} \global\evenheadline={\line{\folio\hfil\thistitle}} \global\oddheadline={\line{\thischapter\hfil\folio}} } \def\HEADINGSsingleafter{\let\HEADINGShook=\HEADINGSsinglex} \def\HEADINGSsinglex{% \global\evenfootline={\hfil} \global\oddfootline={\hfil} \global\evenheadline={\line{\thischapter\hfil\folio}} \global\oddheadline={\line{\thischapter\hfil\folio}} } % Subroutines used in generating headings % Produces Day Month Year style of output. \def\today{\number\day\space \ifcase\month\or January\or February\or March\or April\or May\or June\or July\or August\or September\or October\or November\or December\fi \space\number\year} % Use this if you want the Month Day, Year style of output. %\def\today{\ifcase\month\or %January\or February\or March\or April\or May\or June\or %July\or August\or September\or October\or November\or December\fi %\space\number\day, \number\year} % @settitle line... specifies the title of the document, for headings % It generates no output of its own \def\thistitle{No Title} \def\settitle{\parsearg\settitlezzz} \def\settitlezzz #1{\gdef\thistitle{#1}} \message{tables,} % @tabs -- simple alignment % These don't work. For one thing, \+ is defined as outer. % So these macros cannot even be defined. %\def\tabs{\parsearg\tabszzz} %\def\tabszzz #1{\settabs\+#1\cr} %\def\tabline{\parsearg\tablinezzz} %\def\tablinezzz #1{\+#1\cr} %\def\&{&} % Tables -- @table, @ftable, @vtable, @item(x), @kitem(x), @xitem(x). % default indentation of table text \newdimen\tableindent \tableindent=.8in % default indentation of @itemize and @enumerate text \newdimen\itemindent \itemindent=.3in % margin between end of table item and start of table text. \newdimen\itemmargin \itemmargin=.1in % used internally for \itemindent minus \itemmargin \newdimen\itemmax % Note @table, @vtable, and @vtable define @item, @itemx, etc., with % these defs. % They also define \itemindex % to index the item name in whatever manner is desired (perhaps none). \def\internalBitem{\smallbreak \parsearg\itemzzz} \def\internalBitemx{\par \parsearg\itemzzz} \def\internalBxitem "#1"{\def\xitemsubtopix{#1} \smallbreak \parsearg\xitemzzz} \def\internalBxitemx "#1"{\def\xitemsubtopix{#1} \par \parsearg\xitemzzz} \def\internalBkitem{\smallbreak \parsearg\kitemzzz} \def\internalBkitemx{\par \parsearg\kitemzzz} \def\kitemzzz #1{\dosubind {kw}{\code{#1}}{for {\bf \lastfunction}}% \itemzzz {#1}} \def\xitemzzz #1{\dosubind {kw}{\code{#1}}{for {\bf \xitemsubtopic}}% \itemzzz {#1}} \def\itemzzz #1{\begingroup % \advance\hsize by -\rightskip \advance\hsize by -\tableindent \setbox0=\hbox{\itemfont{#1}}% \itemindex{#1}% \nobreak % This prevents a break before @itemx. % % Be sure we are not still in the middle of a paragraph. \parskip=0in \par % % If the item text does not fit in the space we have, put it on a line % by itself, and do not allow a page break either before or after that % line. We do not start a paragraph here because then if the next % command is, e.g., @kindex, the whatsit would get put into the % horizontal list on a line by itself, resulting in extra blank space. \ifdim \wd0>\itemmax \setbox0=\hbox{\hskip \leftskip \hskip -\tableindent \unhbox0}\box0 \nobreak \else % The item text fits into the space. Start a paragraph, so that the % following text (if any) will end up on the same line. Since that % text will be indented by \tableindent, we make the item text be in % a zero-width box. \noindent \rlap{\hskip -\tableindent\box0}% \fi \endgroup } \def\item{\errmessage{@item while not in a table}} \def\itemx{\errmessage{@itemx while not in a table}} \def\kitem{\errmessage{@kitem while not in a table}} \def\kitemx{\errmessage{@kitemx while not in a table}} \def\xitem{\errmessage{@xitem while not in a table}} \def\xitemx{\errmessage{@xitemx while not in a table}} %% Contains a kludge to get @end[description] to work \def\description{\tablez{\dontindex}{1}{}{}{}{}} \def\table{\begingroup\inENV\obeylines\obeyspaces\tablex} {\obeylines\obeyspaces% \gdef\tablex #1^^M{% \tabley\dontindex#1 \endtabley}} \def\ftable{\begingroup\inENV\obeylines\obeyspaces\ftablex} {\obeylines\obeyspaces% \gdef\ftablex #1^^M{% \tabley\fnitemindex#1 \endtabley \def\Eftable{\endgraf\endgroup\afterenvbreak}% \let\Etable=\relax}} \def\vtable{\begingroup\inENV\obeylines\obeyspaces\vtablex} {\obeylines\obeyspaces% \gdef\vtablex #1^^M{% \tabley\vritemindex#1 \endtabley \def\Evtable{\endgraf\endgroup\afterenvbreak}% \let\Etable=\relax}} \def\dontindex #1{} \def\fnitemindex #1{\doind {fn}{\code{#1}}}% \def\vritemindex #1{\doind {vr}{\code{#1}}}% {\obeyspaces % \gdef\tabley#1#2 #3 #4 #5 #6 #7\endtabley{\endgroup% \tablez{#1}{#2}{#3}{#4}{#5}{#6}}} \def\tablez #1#2#3#4#5#6{% \aboveenvbreak % \begingroup % \def\Edescription{\Etable}% Neccessary kludge. \let\itemindex=#1% \ifnum 0#3>0 \advance \leftskip by #3\mil \fi % \ifnum 0#4>0 \tableindent=#4\mil \fi % \ifnum 0#5>0 \advance \rightskip by #5\mil \fi % \def\itemfont{#2}% \itemmax=\tableindent % \advance \itemmax by -\itemmargin % \advance \leftskip by \tableindent % \exdentamount=\tableindent \parindent = 0pt \parskip = \smallskipamount \ifdim \parskip=0pt \parskip=2pt \fi% \def\Etable{\endgraf\endgroup\afterenvbreak}% \let\item = \internalBitem % \let\itemx = \internalBitemx % \let\kitem = \internalBkitem % \let\kitemx = \internalBkitemx % \let\xitem = \internalBxitem % \let\xitemx = \internalBxitemx % } % This is the counter used by @enumerate, which is really @itemize \newcount \itemno \def\itemize{\parsearg\itemizezzz} \def\itemizezzz #1{% \begingroup % ended by the @end itemsize \itemizey {#1}{\Eitemize} } \def\itemizey #1#2{% \aboveenvbreak % \itemmax=\itemindent % \advance \itemmax by -\itemmargin % \advance \leftskip by \itemindent % \exdentamount=\itemindent \parindent = 0pt % \parskip = \smallskipamount % \ifdim \parskip=0pt \parskip=2pt \fi% \def#2{\endgraf\endgroup\afterenvbreak}% \def\itemcontents{#1}% \let\item=\itemizeitem} % Set sfcode to normal for the chars that usually have another value. % These are `.?!:;,' \def\frenchspacing{\sfcode46=1000 \sfcode63=1000 \sfcode33=1000 \sfcode58=1000 \sfcode59=1000 \sfcode44=1000 } % \splitoff TOKENS\endmark defines \first to be the first token in % TOKENS, and \rest to be the remainder. % \def\splitoff#1#2\endmark{\def\first{#1}\def\rest{#2}}% % Allow an optional argument of an uppercase letter, lowercase letter, % or number, to specify the first label in the enumerated list. No % argument is the same as `1'. % \def\enumerate{\parsearg\enumeratezzz} \def\enumeratezzz #1{\enumeratey #1 \endenumeratey} \def\enumeratey #1 #2\endenumeratey{% \begingroup % ended by the @end enumerate % % If we were given no argument, pretend we were given `1'. \def\thearg{#1}% \ifx\thearg\empty \def\thearg{1}\fi % % Detect if the argument is a single token. If so, it might be a % letter. Otherwise, the only valid thing it can be is a number. % (We will always have one token, because of the test we just made. % This is a good thing, since \splitoff doesn't work given nothing at % all -- the first parameter is undelimited.) \expandafter\splitoff\thearg\endmark \ifx\rest\empty % Only one token in the argument. It could still be anything. % A ``lowercase letter'' is one whose \lccode is nonzero. % An ``uppercase letter'' is one whose \lccode is both nonzero, and % not equal to itself. % Otherwise, we assume it's a number. % % We need the \relax at the end of the \ifnum lines to stop TeX from % continuing to look for a . % \ifnum\lccode\expandafter`\thearg=0\relax \numericenumerate % a number (we hope) \else % It's a letter. \ifnum\lccode\expandafter`\thearg=\expandafter`\thearg\relax \lowercaseenumerate % lowercase letter \else \uppercaseenumerate % uppercase letter \fi \fi \else % Multiple tokens in the argument. We hope it's a number. \numericenumerate \fi } % An @enumerate whose labels are integers. The starting integer is % given in \thearg. % \def\numericenumerate{% \itemno = \thearg \startenumeration{\the\itemno}% } % The starting (lowercase) letter is in \thearg. \def\lowercaseenumerate{% \itemno = \expandafter`\thearg \startenumeration{% % Be sure we're not beyond the end of the alphabet. \ifnum\itemno=0 \errmessage{No more lowercase letters in @enumerate; get a bigger alphabet}% \fi \char\lccode\itemno }% } % The starting (uppercase) letter is in \thearg. \def\uppercaseenumerate{% \itemno = \expandafter`\thearg \startenumeration{% % Be sure we're not beyond the end of the alphabet. \ifnum\itemno=0 \errmessage{No more uppercase letters in @enumerate; get a bigger alphabet} \fi \char\uccode\itemno }% } % Call itemizey, adding a period to the first argument and supplying the % common last two arguments. Also subtract one from the initial value in % \itemno, since @item increments \itemno. % \def\startenumeration#1{% \advance\itemno by -1 \itemizey{#1.}\Eenumerate\flushcr } % @alphaenumerate and @capsenumerate are abbreviations for giving an arg % to @enumerate. % \def\alphaenumerate{\enumerate{a}} \def\capsenumerate{\enumerate{A}} \def\Ealphaenumerate{\Eenumerate} \def\Ecapsenumerate{\Eenumerate} % Definition of @item while inside @itemize. \def\itemizeitem{% \advance\itemno by 1 {\let\par=\endgraf \smallbreak}% \ifhmode \errmessage{\in hmode at itemizeitem}\fi {\parskip=0in \hskip 0pt \hbox to 0pt{\hss \itemcontents\hskip \itemmargin}% \vadjust{\penalty 1200}}% \flushcr} \message{indexing,} % Index generation facilities % Define \newwrite to be identical to plain tex's \newwrite % except not \outer, so it can be used within \newindex. {\catcode`\@=11 \gdef\newwrite{\alloc@7\write\chardef\sixt@@n}} % \newindex {foo} defines an index named foo. % It automatically defines \fooindex such that % \fooindex ...rest of line... puts an entry in the index foo. % It also defines \fooindfile to be the number of the output channel for % the file that accumulates this index. The file's extension is foo. % The name of an index should be no more than 2 characters long % for the sake of vms. \def\newindex #1{ \expandafter\newwrite \csname#1indfile\endcsname% Define number for output file \openout \csname#1indfile\endcsname \jobname.#1 % Open the file \expandafter\xdef\csname#1index\endcsname{% % Define \xxxindex \noexpand\doindex {#1}} } % @defindex foo == \newindex{foo} \def\defindex{\parsearg\newindex} % Define @defcodeindex, like @defindex except put all entries in @code. \def\newcodeindex #1{ \expandafter\newwrite \csname#1indfile\endcsname% Define number for output file \openout \csname#1indfile\endcsname \jobname.#1 % Open the file \expandafter\xdef\csname#1index\endcsname{% % Define \xxxindex \noexpand\docodeindex {#1}} } \def\defcodeindex{\parsearg\newcodeindex} % @synindex foo bar makes index foo feed into index bar. % Do this instead of @defindex foo if you don't want it as a separate index. \def\synindex #1 #2 {% \expandafter\let\expandafter\synindexfoo\expandafter=\csname#2indfile\endcsname \expandafter\let\csname#1indfile\endcsname=\synindexfoo \expandafter\xdef\csname#1index\endcsname{% % Define \xxxindex \noexpand\doindex {#2}}% } % @syncodeindex foo bar similar, but put all entries made for index foo % inside @code. \def\syncodeindex #1 #2 {% \expandafter\let\expandafter\synindexfoo\expandafter=\csname#2indfile\endcsname \expandafter\let\csname#1indfile\endcsname=\synindexfoo \expandafter\xdef\csname#1index\endcsname{% % Define \xxxindex \noexpand\docodeindex {#2}}% } % Define \doindex, the driver for all \fooindex macros. % Argument #1 is generated by the calling \fooindex macro, % and it is "foo", the name of the index. % \doindex just uses \parsearg; it calls \doind for the actual work. % This is because \doind is more useful to call from other macros. % There is also \dosubind {index}{topic}{subtopic} % which makes an entry in a two-level index such as the operation index. \def\doindex#1{\edef\indexname{#1}\parsearg\singleindexer} \def\singleindexer #1{\doind{\indexname}{#1}} % like the previous two, but they put @code around the argument. \def\docodeindex#1{\edef\indexname{#1}\parsearg\singlecodeindexer} \def\singlecodeindexer #1{\doind{\indexname}{\code{#1}}} \def\indexdummies{% \def\_{{\realbackslash _}}% \def\w{\realbackslash w }% \def\bf{\realbackslash bf }% \def\rm{\realbackslash rm }% \def\sl{\realbackslash sl }% \def\sf{\realbackslash sf}% \def\tt{\realbackslash tt}% \def\gtr{\realbackslash gtr}% \def\less{\realbackslash less}% \def\hat{\realbackslash hat}% \def\char{\realbackslash char}% \def\TeX{\realbackslash TeX}% \def\dots{\realbackslash dots }% \def\copyright{\realbackslash copyright }% \def\tclose##1{\realbackslash tclose {##1}}% \def\code##1{\realbackslash code {##1}}% \def\samp##1{\realbackslash samp {##1}}% \def\t##1{\realbackslash r {##1}}% \def\r##1{\realbackslash r {##1}}% \def\i##1{\realbackslash i {##1}}% \def\b##1{\realbackslash b {##1}}% \def\cite##1{\realbackslash cite {##1}}% \def\key##1{\realbackslash key {##1}}% \def\file##1{\realbackslash file {##1}}% \def\var##1{\realbackslash var {##1}}% \def\kbd##1{\realbackslash kbd {##1}}% \def\dfn##1{\realbackslash dfn {##1}}% \def\emph##1{\realbackslash emph {##1}}% } % \indexnofonts no-ops all font-change commands. % This is used when outputting the strings to sort the index by. \def\indexdummyfont#1{#1} \def\indexdummytex{TeX} \def\indexdummydots{...} \def\indexnofonts{% \let\w=\indexdummyfont \let\t=\indexdummyfont \let\r=\indexdummyfont \let\i=\indexdummyfont \let\b=\indexdummyfont \let\emph=\indexdummyfont \let\strong=\indexdummyfont \let\cite=\indexdummyfont \let\sc=\indexdummyfont %Don't no-op \tt, since it isn't a user-level command % and is used in the definitions of the active chars like <, >, |... %\let\tt=\indexdummyfont \let\tclose=\indexdummyfont \let\code=\indexdummyfont \let\file=\indexdummyfont \let\samp=\indexdummyfont \let\kbd=\indexdummyfont \let\key=\indexdummyfont \let\var=\indexdummyfont \let\TeX=\indexdummytex \let\dots=\indexdummydots } % To define \realbackslash, we must make \ not be an escape. % We must first make another character (@) an escape % so we do not become unable to do a definition. {\catcode`\@=0 \catcode`\\=\other @gdef@realbackslash{\}} \let\indexbackslash=0 %overridden during \printindex. \def\doind #1#2{% {\count10=\lastpenalty % {\indexdummies % Must do this here, since \bf, etc expand at this stage \escapechar=`\\% {\let\folio=0% Expand all macros now EXCEPT \folio \def\rawbackslashxx{\indexbackslash}% \indexbackslash isn't defined now % so it will be output as is; and it will print as backslash in the indx. % % Now process the index-string once, with all font commands turned off, % to get the string to sort the index by. {\indexnofonts \xdef\temp1{#2}% }% % Now produce the complete index entry. We process the index-string again, % this time with font commands expanded, to get what to print in the index. \edef\temp{% \write \csname#1indfile\endcsname{% \realbackslash entry {\temp1}{\folio}{#2}}}% \temp }% }\penalty\count10}} \def\dosubind #1#2#3{% {\count10=\lastpenalty % {\indexdummies % Must do this here, since \bf, etc expand at this stage \escapechar=`\\% {\let\folio=0% \def\rawbackslashxx{\indexbackslash}% % % Now process the index-string once, with all font commands turned off, % to get the string to sort the index by. {\indexnofonts \xdef\temp1{#2 #3}% }% % Now produce the complete index entry. We process the index-string again, % this time with font commands expanded, to get what to print in the index. \edef\temp{% \write \csname#1indfile\endcsname{% \realbackslash entry {\temp1}{\folio}{#2}{#3}}}% \temp }% }\penalty\count10}} % The index entry written in the file actually looks like % \entry {sortstring}{page}{topic} % or % \entry {sortstring}{page}{topic}{subtopic} % The texindex program reads in these files and writes files % containing these kinds of lines: % \initial {c} % before the first topic whose initial is c % \entry {topic}{pagelist} % for a topic that is used without subtopics % \primary {topic} % for the beginning of a topic that is used with subtopics % \secondary {subtopic}{pagelist} % for each subtopic. % Define the user-accessible indexing commands % @findex, @vindex, @kindex, @cindex. \def\findex {\fnindex} \def\kindex {\kyindex} \def\cindex {\cpindex} \def\vindex {\vrindex} \def\tindex {\tpindex} \def\pindex {\pgindex} \def\cindexsub {\begingroup\obeylines\cindexsub} {\obeylines % \gdef\cindexsub "#1" #2^^M{\endgroup % \dosubind{cp}{#2}{#1}}} % Define the macros used in formatting output of the sorted index material. % This is what you call to cause a particular index to get printed. % Write % @unnumbered Function Index % @printindex fn \def\printindex{\parsearg\doprintindex} \def\doprintindex#1{% \tex \dobreak \chapheadingskip {10000} \catcode`\%=\other\catcode`\&=\other\catcode`\#=\other \catcode`\$=\other\catcode`\_=\other \catcode`\~=\other % % The following don't help, since the chars were translated % when the raw index was written, and their fonts were discarded % due to \indexnofonts. %\catcode`\"=\active %\catcode`\^=\active %\catcode`\_=\active %\catcode`\|=\active %\catcode`\<=\active %\catcode`\>=\active % % \def\indexbackslash{\rawbackslashxx} \indexfonts\rm \tolerance=9500 \advance\baselineskip -1pt \begindoublecolumns % % See if the index file exists and is nonempty. \openin 1 \jobname.#1s \ifeof 1 % \enddoublecolumns gets confused if there is no text in the index, % and it loses the chapter title and the aux file entries for the % index. The easiest way to prevent this problem is to make sure % there is some text. (Index is nonexistent) \else % % If the index file exists but is empty, then \openin leaves \ifeof % false. We have to make TeX try to read something from the file, so % it can discover if there is anything in it. \read 1 to \temp \ifeof 1 (Index is empty) \else \input \jobname.#1s \fi \fi \closein 1 \enddoublecolumns \Etex } % These macros are used by the sorted index file itself. % Change them to control the appearance of the index. % Same as \bigskipamount except no shrink. % \balancecolumns gets confused if there is any shrink. \newskip\initialskipamount \initialskipamount 12pt plus4pt \def\initial #1{% {\let\tentt=\sectt \let\tt=\sectt \let\sf=\sectt \ifdim\lastskip<\initialskipamount \removelastskip \penalty-200 \vskip \initialskipamount\fi \line{\secbf#1\hfill}\kern 2pt\penalty10000}} % This typesets a paragraph consisting of #1, dot leaders, and then #2 % flush to the right margin. It is used for index and table of contents % entries. The paragraph is indented by \leftskip. % \def\entry #1#2{\begingroup % % Start a new paragraph if necessary, so our assignments below can't % affect previous text. \par % % Do not fill out the last line with white space. \parfillskip = 0in % % No extra space above this paragraph. \parskip = 0in % % Do not prefer a separate line ending with a hyphen to fewer lines. \finalhyphendemerits = 0 % % \hangindent is only relevant when the entry text and page number % don't both fit on one line. In that case, bob suggests starting the % dots pretty far over on the line. Unfortunately, a large % indentation looks wrong when the entry text itself is broken across % lines. So we use a small indentation and put up with long leaders. % % \hangafter is reset to 1 (which is the value we want) at the start % of each paragraph, so we need not do anything with that. \hangindent=2em % % When the entry text needs to be broken, just fill out the first line % with blank space. \rightskip = 0pt plus1fil % % Start a ``paragraph'' for the index entry so the line breaking % parameters we've set above will have an effect. \noindent % % Insert the text of the index entry. TeX will do line-breaking on it. #1% % % If we must, put the page number on a line of its own, and fill out % this line with blank space. (The \hfil is overwhelmed with the % fill leaders glue in \indexdotfill if the page number does fit.) \hfil\penalty50 \null\nobreak\indexdotfill % Have leaders before the page number. % % The `\ ' here is removed by the implicit \unskip that TeX does as % part of (the primitive) \par. Without it, a spurious underfull % \hbox ensues. \ #2% The page number ends the paragraph. \par \endgroup} % Like \dotfill except takes at least 1 em. \def\indexdotfill{\cleaders \hbox{$\mathsurround=0pt \mkern1.5mu . \mkern1.5mu$}\hskip 1em plus 1fill} \def\primary #1{\line{#1\hfil}} \newskip\secondaryindent \secondaryindent=0.5cm \def\secondary #1#2{ {\parfillskip=0in \parskip=0in \hangindent =1in \hangafter=1 \noindent\hskip\secondaryindent\hbox{#1}\indexdotfill #2\par }} %% Define two-column mode, which is used in indexes. %% Adapted from the TeXbook, page 416. \catcode `\@=11 \newbox\partialpage \newdimen\doublecolumnhsize \def\begindoublecolumns{\begingroup % Grab any single-column material above us. \output = {\global\setbox\partialpage =\vbox{\unvbox255\kern -\topskip \kern \baselineskip}}% \eject % % Now switch to the double-column output routine. \output={\doublecolumnout}% % % Change the page size parameters. We could do this once outside this % routine, in each of @smallbook, @afourpaper, and the default 8.5x11 % format, but then we repeat the same computation. Repeating a couple % of assignments once per index is clearly meaningless for the % execution time, so we may as well do it once. % % First we halve the line length, less a little for the gutter between % the columns. We compute the gutter based on the line length, so it % changes automatically with the paper format. The magic constant % below is chosen so that the gutter has the same value (well, +- < % 1pt) as it did when we hard-coded it. % % We put the result in a separate register, \doublecolumhsize, so we % can restore it in \pagesofar, after \hsize itself has (potentially) % been clobbered. % \doublecolumnhsize = \hsize \advance\doublecolumnhsize by -.04154\hsize \divide\doublecolumnhsize by 2 \hsize = \doublecolumnhsize % % Double the \vsize as well. (We don't need a separate register here, % since nobody clobbers \vsize.) \vsize = 2\vsize \doublecolumnpagegoal } \def\enddoublecolumns{\eject \endgroup \pagegoal=\vsize \unvbox\partialpage} \def\doublecolumnsplit{\splittopskip=\topskip \splitmaxdepth=\maxdepth \global\dimen@=\pageheight \global\advance\dimen@ by-\ht\partialpage \global\setbox1=\vsplit255 to\dimen@ \global\setbox0=\vbox{\unvbox1} \global\setbox3=\vsplit255 to\dimen@ \global\setbox2=\vbox{\unvbox3} \ifdim\ht0>\dimen@ \setbox255=\vbox{\unvbox0\unvbox2} \global\setbox255=\copy5 \fi \ifdim\ht2>\dimen@ \setbox255=\vbox{\unvbox0\unvbox2} \global\setbox255=\copy5 \fi } \def\doublecolumnpagegoal{% \dimen@=\vsize \advance\dimen@ by-2\ht\partialpage \global\pagegoal=\dimen@ } \def\pagesofar{\unvbox\partialpage % \hsize=\doublecolumnhsize % have to restore this since output routine \wd0=\hsize \wd2=\hsize \hbox to\pagewidth{\box0\hfil\box2}} \def\doublecolumnout{% \setbox5=\copy255 {\vbadness=10000 \doublecolumnsplit} \ifvbox255 \setbox0=\vtop to\dimen@{\unvbox0} \setbox2=\vtop to\dimen@{\unvbox2} \onepageout\pagesofar \unvbox255 \penalty\outputpenalty \else \setbox0=\vbox{\unvbox5} \ifvbox0 \dimen@=\ht0 \advance\dimen@ by\topskip \advance\dimen@ by-\baselineskip \divide\dimen@ by2 \splittopskip=\topskip \splitmaxdepth=\maxdepth {\vbadness=10000 \loop \global\setbox5=\copy0 \setbox1=\vsplit5 to\dimen@ \setbox3=\vsplit5 to\dimen@ \ifvbox5 \global\advance\dimen@ by1pt \repeat \setbox0=\vbox to\dimen@{\unvbox1} \setbox2=\vbox to\dimen@{\unvbox3} \global\setbox\partialpage=\vbox{\pagesofar} \doublecolumnpagegoal } \fi \fi } \catcode `\@=\other \message{sectioning,} % Define chapters, sections, etc. \newcount \chapno \newcount \secno \secno=0 \newcount \subsecno \subsecno=0 \newcount \subsubsecno \subsubsecno=0 % This counter is funny since it counts through charcodes of letters A, B, ... \newcount \appendixno \appendixno = `\@ \def\appendixletter{\char\the\appendixno} \newwrite \contentsfile % This is called from \setfilename. \def\opencontents{\openout \contentsfile = \jobname.toc} % Each @chapter defines this as the name of the chapter. % page headings and footings can use it. @section does likewise \def\thischapter{} \def\thissection{} \def\seccheck#1{\if \pageno<0 % \errmessage{@#1 not allowed after generating table of contents}\fi % } \def\chapternofonts{% \let\rawbackslash=\relax% \let\frenchspacing=\relax% \def\result{\realbackslash result} \def\equiv{\realbackslash equiv} \def\expansion{\realbackslash expansion} \def\print{\realbackslash print} \def\TeX{\realbackslash TeX} \def\dots{\realbackslash dots} \def\copyright{\realbackslash copyright} \def\tt{\realbackslash tt} \def\bf{\realbackslash bf } \def\w{\realbackslash w} \def\less{\realbackslash less} \def\gtr{\realbackslash gtr} \def\hat{\realbackslash hat} \def\char{\realbackslash char} \def\tclose##1{\realbackslash tclose {##1}} \def\code##1{\realbackslash code {##1}} \def\samp##1{\realbackslash samp {##1}} \def\r##1{\realbackslash r {##1}} \def\b##1{\realbackslash b {##1}} \def\key##1{\realbackslash key {##1}} \def\file##1{\realbackslash file {##1}} \def\kbd##1{\realbackslash kbd {##1}} % These are redefined because @smartitalic wouldn't work inside xdef. \def\i##1{\realbackslash i {##1}} \def\cite##1{\realbackslash cite {##1}} \def\var##1{\realbackslash var {##1}} \def\emph##1{\realbackslash emph {##1}} \def\dfn##1{\realbackslash dfn {##1}} } \newcount\absseclevel % used to calculate proper heading level \newcount\secbase\secbase=0 % @raise/lowersections modify this count % @raisesections: treat @section as chapter, @subsection as section, etc. \def\raisesections{\global\advance\secbase by -1} \let\up=\raisesections % original BFox name % @lowersections: treat @chapter as section, @section as subsection, etc. \def\lowersections{\global\advance\secbase by 1} \let\down=\lowersections % original BFox name % Choose a numbered-heading macro % #1 is heading level if unmodified by @raisesections or @lowersections % #2 is text for heading \def\numhead#1#2{\absseclevel=\secbase\advance\absseclevel by #1 \ifcase\absseclevel \chapterzzz{#2} \or \seczzz{#2} \or \numberedsubseczzz{#2} \or \numberedsubsubseczzz{#2} \else \ifnum \absseclevel<0 \chapterzzz{#2} \else \numberedsubsubseczzz{#2} \fi \fi } % like \numhead, but chooses appendix heading levels \def\apphead#1#2{\absseclevel=\secbase\advance\absseclevel by #1 \ifcase\absseclevel \appendixzzz{#2} \or \appendixsectionzzz{#2} \or \appendixsubseczzz{#2} \or \appendixsubsubseczzz{#2} \else \ifnum \absseclevel<0 \appendixzzz{#2} \else \appendixsubsubseczzz{#2} \fi \fi } % like \numhead, but chooses numberless heading levels \def\unnmhead#1#2{\absseclevel=\secbase\advance\absseclevel by #1 \ifcase\absseclevel \unnumberedzzz{#2} \or \unnumberedseczzz{#2} \or \unnumberedsubseczzz{#2} \or \unnumberedsubsubseczzz{#2} \else \ifnum \absseclevel<0 \unnumberedzzz{#2} \else \unnumberedsubsubseczzz{#2} \fi \fi } \def\thischaptername{No Chapter Title} \outer\def\chapter{\parsearg\chapteryyy} \def\chapteryyy #1{\numhead0{#1}} % normally numhead0 calls chapterzzz \def\chapterzzz #1{\seccheck{chapter}% \secno=0 \subsecno=0 \subsubsecno=0 \global\advance \chapno by 1 \message{Chapter \the\chapno}% \chapmacro {#1}{\the\chapno}% \gdef\thissection{#1}% \gdef\thischaptername{#1}% % We don't substitute the actual chapter name into \thischapter % because we don't want its macros evaluated now. \xdef\thischapter{Chapter \the\chapno: \noexpand\thischaptername}% {\chapternofonts% \edef\temp{{\realbackslash chapentry {#1}{\the\chapno}{\noexpand\folio}}}% \escapechar=`\\% \write \contentsfile \temp % \donoderef % \global\let\section = \numberedsec \global\let\subsection = \numberedsubsec \global\let\subsubsection = \numberedsubsubsec }} \outer\def\appendix{\parsearg\appendixyyy} \def\appendixyyy #1{\apphead0{#1}} % normally apphead0 calls appendixzzz \def\appendixzzz #1{\seccheck{appendix}% \secno=0 \subsecno=0 \subsubsecno=0 \global\advance \appendixno by 1 \message{Appendix \appendixletter}% \chapmacro {#1}{Appendix \appendixletter}% \gdef\thissection{#1}% \gdef\thischaptername{#1}% \xdef\thischapter{Appendix \appendixletter: \noexpand\thischaptername}% {\chapternofonts% \edef\temp{{\realbackslash chapentry {#1}{Appendix \appendixletter}{\noexpand\folio}}}% \escapechar=`\\% \write \contentsfile \temp % \appendixnoderef % \global\let\section = \appendixsec \global\let\subsection = \appendixsubsec \global\let\subsubsection = \appendixsubsubsec }} \outer\def\top{\parsearg\unnumberedyyy} \outer\def\unnumbered{\parsearg\unnumberedyyy} \def\unnumberedyyy #1{\unnmhead0{#1}} % normally unnmhead0 calls unnumberedzzz \def\unnumberedzzz #1{\seccheck{unnumbered}% \secno=0 \subsecno=0 \subsubsecno=0 % % This used to be simply \message{#1}, but TeX fully expands the % argument to \message. Therefore, if #1 contained @-commands, TeX % expanded them. For example, in `@unnumbered The @cite{Book}', TeX % expanded @cite (which turns out to cause errors because \cite is meant % to be executed, not expanded). % % Anyway, we don't want the fully-expanded definition of @cite to appear % as a result of the \message, we just want `@cite' itself. We use % \the to achieve this: TeX expands \the only once, % simply yielding the contents of the . \toks0 = {#1}\message{(\the\toks0)}% % \unnumbchapmacro {#1}% \gdef\thischapter{#1}\gdef\thissection{#1}% {\chapternofonts% \edef\temp{{\realbackslash unnumbchapentry {#1}{\noexpand\folio}}}% \escapechar=`\\% \write \contentsfile \temp % \unnumbnoderef % \global\let\section = \unnumberedsec \global\let\subsection = \unnumberedsubsec \global\let\subsubsection = \unnumberedsubsubsec }} \outer\def\numberedsec{\parsearg\secyyy} \def\secyyy #1{\numhead1{#1}} % normally calls seczzz \def\seczzz #1{\seccheck{section}% \subsecno=0 \subsubsecno=0 \global\advance \secno by 1 % \gdef\thissection{#1}\secheading {#1}{\the\chapno}{\the\secno}% {\chapternofonts% \edef\temp{{\realbackslash secentry % {#1}{\the\chapno}{\the\secno}{\noexpand\folio}}}% \escapechar=`\\% \write \contentsfile \temp % \donoderef % \penalty 10000 % }} \outer\def\appenixsection{\parsearg\appendixsecyyy} \outer\def\appendixsec{\parsearg\appendixsecyyy} \def\appendixsecyyy #1{\apphead1{#1}} % normally calls appendixsectionzzz \def\appendixsectionzzz #1{\seccheck{appendixsection}% \subsecno=0 \subsubsecno=0 \global\advance \secno by 1 % \gdef\thissection{#1}\secheading {#1}{\appendixletter}{\the\secno}% {\chapternofonts% \edef\temp{{\realbackslash secentry % {#1}{\appendixletter}{\the\secno}{\noexpand\folio}}}% \escapechar=`\\% \write \contentsfile \temp % \appendixnoderef % \penalty 10000 % }} \outer\def\unnumberedsec{\parsearg\unnumberedsecyyy} \def\unnumberedsecyyy #1{\unnmhead1{#1}} % normally calls unnumberedseczzz \def\unnumberedseczzz #1{\seccheck{unnumberedsec}% \plainsecheading {#1}\gdef\thissection{#1}% {\chapternofonts% \edef\temp{{\realbackslash unnumbsecentry{#1}{\noexpand\folio}}}% \escapechar=`\\% \write \contentsfile \temp % \unnumbnoderef % \penalty 10000 % }} \outer\def\numberedsubsec{\parsearg\numberedsubsecyyy} \def\numberedsubsecyyy #1{\numhead2{#1}} % normally calls numberedsubseczzz \def\numberedsubseczzz #1{\seccheck{subsection}% \gdef\thissection{#1}\subsubsecno=0 \global\advance \subsecno by 1 % \subsecheading {#1}{\the\chapno}{\the\secno}{\the\subsecno}% {\chapternofonts% \edef\temp{{\realbackslash subsecentry % {#1}{\the\chapno}{\the\secno}{\the\subsecno}{\noexpand\folio}}}% \escapechar=`\\% \write \contentsfile \temp % \donoderef % \penalty 10000 % }} \outer\def\appendixsubsec{\parsearg\appendixsubsecyyy} \def\appendixsubsecyyy #1{\apphead2{#1}} % normally calls appendixsubseczzz \def\appendixsubseczzz #1{\seccheck{appendixsubsec}% \gdef\thissection{#1}\subsubsecno=0 \global\advance \subsecno by 1 % \subsecheading {#1}{\appendixletter}{\the\secno}{\the\subsecno}% {\chapternofonts% \edef\temp{{\realbackslash subsecentry % {#1}{\appendixletter}{\the\secno}{\the\subsecno}{\noexpand\folio}}}% \escapechar=`\\% \write \contentsfile \temp % \appendixnoderef % \penalty 10000 % }} \outer\def\unnumberedsubsec{\parsearg\unnumberedsubsecyyy} \def\unnumberedsubsecyyy #1{\unnmhead2{#1}} %normally calls unnumberedsubseczzz \def\unnumberedsubseczzz #1{\seccheck{unnumberedsubsec}% \plainsecheading {#1}\gdef\thissection{#1}% {\chapternofonts% \edef\temp{{\realbackslash unnumbsubsecentry{#1}{\noexpand\folio}}}% \escapechar=`\\% \write \contentsfile \temp % \unnumbnoderef % \penalty 10000 % }} \outer\def\numberedsubsubsec{\parsearg\numberedsubsubsecyyy} \def\numberedsubsubsecyyy #1{\numhead3{#1}} % normally numberedsubsubseczzz \def\numberedsubsubseczzz #1{\seccheck{subsubsection}% \gdef\thissection{#1}\global\advance \subsubsecno by 1 % \subsubsecheading {#1} {\the\chapno}{\the\secno}{\the\subsecno}{\the\subsubsecno}% {\chapternofonts% \edef\temp{{\realbackslash subsubsecentry % {#1} {\the\chapno}{\the\secno}{\the\subsecno}{\the\subsubsecno} {\noexpand\folio}}}% \escapechar=`\\% \write \contentsfile \temp % \donoderef % \penalty 10000 % }} \outer\def\appendixsubsubsec{\parsearg\appendixsubsubsecyyy} \def\appendixsubsubsecyyy #1{\apphead3{#1}} % normally appendixsubsubseczzz \def\appendixsubsubseczzz #1{\seccheck{appendixsubsubsec}% \gdef\thissection{#1}\global\advance \subsubsecno by 1 % \subsubsecheading {#1} {\appendixletter}{\the\secno}{\the\subsecno}{\the\subsubsecno}% {\chapternofonts% \edef\temp{{\realbackslash subsubsecentry{#1}% {\appendixletter} {\the\secno}{\the\subsecno}{\the\subsubsecno}{\noexpand\folio}}}% \escapechar=`\\% \write \contentsfile \temp % \appendixnoderef % \penalty 10000 % }} \outer\def\unnumberedsubsubsec{\parsearg\unnumberedsubsubsecyyy} \def\unnumberedsubsubsecyyy #1{\unnmhead3{#1}} %normally unnumberedsubsubseczzz \def\unnumberedsubsubseczzz #1{\seccheck{unnumberedsubsubsec}% \plainsecheading {#1}\gdef\thissection{#1}% {\chapternofonts% \edef\temp{{\realbackslash unnumbsubsubsecentry{#1}{\noexpand\folio}}}% \escapechar=`\\% \write \contentsfile \temp % \unnumbnoderef % \penalty 10000 % }} % These are variants which are not "outer", so they can appear in @ifinfo. % Actually, they should now be obsolete; ordinary section commands should work. \def\infotop{\parsearg\unnumberedzzz} \def\infounnumbered{\parsearg\unnumberedzzz} \def\infounnumberedsec{\parsearg\unnumberedseczzz} \def\infounnumberedsubsec{\parsearg\unnumberedsubseczzz} \def\infounnumberedsubsubsec{\parsearg\unnumberedsubsubseczzz} \def\infoappendix{\parsearg\appendixzzz} \def\infoappendixsec{\parsearg\appendixseczzz} \def\infoappendixsubsec{\parsearg\appendixsubseczzz} \def\infoappendixsubsubsec{\parsearg\appendixsubsubseczzz} \def\infochapter{\parsearg\chapterzzz} \def\infosection{\parsearg\sectionzzz} \def\infosubsection{\parsearg\subsectionzzz} \def\infosubsubsection{\parsearg\subsubsectionzzz} % These macros control what the section commands do, according % to what kind of chapter we are in (ordinary, appendix, or unnumbered). % Define them by default for a numbered chapter. \global\let\section = \numberedsec \global\let\subsection = \numberedsubsec \global\let\subsubsection = \numberedsubsubsec % Define @majorheading, @heading and @subheading % NOTE on use of \vbox for chapter headings, section headings, and % such: % 1) We use \vbox rather than the earlier \line to permit % overlong headings to fold. % 2) \hyphenpenalty is set to 10000 because hyphenation in a % heading is obnoxious; this forbids it. % 3) Likewise, headings look best if no \parindent is used, and % if justification is not attempted. Hence \raggedright. \def\majorheading{\parsearg\majorheadingzzz} \def\majorheadingzzz #1{% {\advance\chapheadingskip by 10pt \chapbreak }% {\chapfonts \vbox{\hyphenpenalty=10000\tolerance=5000 \parindent=0pt\raggedright \rm #1\hfill}}\bigskip \par\penalty 200} \def\chapheading{\parsearg\chapheadingzzz} \def\chapheadingzzz #1{\chapbreak % {\chapfonts \vbox{\hyphenpenalty=10000\tolerance=5000 \parindent=0pt\raggedright \rm #1\hfill}}\bigskip \par\penalty 200} \def\heading{\parsearg\secheadingi} \def\subheading{\parsearg\subsecheadingi} \def\subsubheading{\parsearg\subsubsecheadingi} % These macros generate a chapter, section, etc. heading only % (including whitespace, linebreaking, etc. around it), % given all the information in convenient, parsed form. %%% Args are the skip and penalty (usually negative) \def\dobreak#1#2{\par\ifdim\lastskip<#1\removelastskip\penalty#2\vskip#1\fi} \def\setchapterstyle #1 {\csname CHAPF#1\endcsname} %%% Define plain chapter starts, and page on/off switching for it % Parameter controlling skip before chapter headings (if needed) \newskip \chapheadingskip \chapheadingskip = 30pt plus 8pt minus 4pt \def\chapbreak{\dobreak \chapheadingskip {-4000}} \def\chappager{\par\vfill\supereject} \def\chapoddpage{\chappager \ifodd\pageno \else \hbox to 0pt{} \chappager\fi} \def\setchapternewpage #1 {\csname CHAPPAG#1\endcsname} \def\CHAPPAGoff{ \global\let\pchapsepmacro=\chapbreak \global\let\pagealignmacro=\chappager} \def\CHAPPAGon{ \global\let\pchapsepmacro=\chappager \global\let\pagealignmacro=\chappager \global\def\HEADINGSon{\HEADINGSsingle}} \def\CHAPPAGodd{ \global\let\pchapsepmacro=\chapoddpage \global\let\pagealignmacro=\chapoddpage \global\def\HEADINGSon{\HEADINGSdouble}} \CHAPPAGon \def\CHAPFplain{ \global\let\chapmacro=\chfplain \global\let\unnumbchapmacro=\unnchfplain} \def\chfplain #1#2{% \pchapsepmacro {% \chapfonts \vbox{\hyphenpenalty=10000\tolerance=5000 \parindent=0pt\raggedright \rm #2\enspace #1}% }% \bigskip \penalty5000 } \def\unnchfplain #1{% \pchapsepmacro % {\chapfonts \vbox{\hyphenpenalty=10000\tolerance=5000 \parindent=0pt\raggedright \rm #1\hfill}}\bigskip \par\penalty 10000 % } \CHAPFplain % The default \def\unnchfopen #1{% \chapoddpage {\chapfonts \vbox{\hyphenpenalty=10000\tolerance=5000 \parindent=0pt\raggedright \rm #1\hfill}}\bigskip \par\penalty 10000 % } \def\chfopen #1#2{\chapoddpage {\chapfonts \vbox to 3in{\vfil \hbox to\hsize{\hfil #2} \hbox to\hsize{\hfil #1} \vfil}}% \par\penalty 5000 % } \def\CHAPFopen{ \global\let\chapmacro=\chfopen \global\let\unnumbchapmacro=\unnchfopen} % Parameter controlling skip before section headings. \newskip \subsecheadingskip \subsecheadingskip = 17pt plus 8pt minus 4pt \def\subsecheadingbreak{\dobreak \subsecheadingskip {-500}} \newskip \secheadingskip \secheadingskip = 21pt plus 8pt minus 4pt \def\secheadingbreak{\dobreak \secheadingskip {-1000}} % @paragraphindent is defined for the Info formatting commands only. \let\paragraphindent=\comment % Section fonts are the base font at magstep2, which produces % a size a bit more than 14 points in the default situation. \def\secheading #1#2#3{\secheadingi {#2.#3\enspace #1}} \def\plainsecheading #1{\secheadingi {#1}} \def\secheadingi #1{{\advance \secheadingskip by \parskip % \secheadingbreak}% {\secfonts \vbox{\hyphenpenalty=10000\tolerance=5000 \parindent=0pt\raggedright \rm #1\hfill}}% \ifdim \parskip<10pt \kern 10pt\kern -\parskip\fi \penalty 10000 } % Subsection fonts are the base font at magstep1, % which produces a size of 12 points. \def\subsecheading #1#2#3#4{\subsecheadingi {#2.#3.#4\enspace #1}} \def\subsecheadingi #1{{\advance \subsecheadingskip by \parskip % \subsecheadingbreak}% {\subsecfonts \vbox{\hyphenpenalty=10000\tolerance=5000 \parindent=0pt\raggedright \rm #1\hfill}}% \ifdim \parskip<10pt \kern 10pt\kern -\parskip\fi \penalty 10000 } \def\subsubsecfonts{\subsecfonts} % Maybe this should change: % Perhaps make sssec fonts scaled % magstep half \def\subsubsecheading #1#2#3#4#5{\subsubsecheadingi {#2.#3.#4.#5\enspace #1}} \def\subsubsecheadingi #1{{\advance \subsecheadingskip by \parskip % \subsecheadingbreak}% {\subsubsecfonts \vbox{\hyphenpenalty=10000\tolerance=5000 \parindent=0pt\raggedright \rm #1\hfill}}% \ifdim \parskip<10pt \kern 10pt\kern -\parskip\fi \penalty 10000} \message{toc printing,} % Finish up the main text and prepare to read what we've written % to \contentsfile. \newskip\contentsrightmargin \contentsrightmargin=1in \def\startcontents#1{% \pagealignmacro \immediate\closeout \contentsfile \ifnum \pageno>0 \pageno = -1 % Request roman numbered pages. \fi % Don't need to put `Contents' or `Short Contents' in the headline. % It is abundantly clear what they are. \unnumbchapmacro{#1}\def\thischapter{}% \begingroup % Set up to handle contents files properly. \catcode`\\=0 \catcode`\{=1 \catcode`\}=2 \catcode`\@=11 \raggedbottom % Worry more about breakpoints than the bottom. \advance\hsize by -\contentsrightmargin % Don't use the full line length. } % Normal (long) toc. \outer\def\contents{% \startcontents{Table of Contents}% \input \jobname.toc \endgroup \vfill \eject } % And just the chapters. \outer\def\summarycontents{% \startcontents{Short Contents}% % \let\chapentry = \shortchapentry \let\unnumbchapentry = \shortunnumberedentry % We want a true roman here for the page numbers. \secfonts \let\rm=\shortcontrm \let\bf=\shortcontbf \let\sl=\shortcontsl \rm \advance\baselineskip by 1pt % Open it up a little. \def\secentry ##1##2##3##4{} \def\unnumbsecentry ##1##2{} \def\subsecentry ##1##2##3##4##5{} \def\unnumbsubsecentry ##1##2{} \def\subsubsecentry ##1##2##3##4##5##6{} \def\unnumbsubsubsecentry ##1##2{} \input \jobname.toc \endgroup \vfill \eject } \let\shortcontents = \summarycontents % These macros generate individual entries in the table of contents. % The first argument is the chapter or section name. % The last argument is the page number. % The arguments in between are the chapter number, section number, ... % Chapter-level things, for both the long and short contents. \def\chapentry#1#2#3{\dochapentry{#2\labelspace#1}{#3}} % See comments in \dochapentry re vbox and related settings \def\shortchapentry#1#2#3{% \tocentry{\shortchaplabel{#2}\labelspace #1}{\doshortpageno{#3}}% } % Typeset the label for a chapter or appendix for the short contents. % The arg is, e.g. `Appendix A' for an appendix, or `3' for a chapter. % We could simplify the code here by writing out an \appendixentry % command in the toc file for appendices, instead of using \chapentry % for both, but it doesn't seem worth it. \setbox0 = \hbox{\shortcontrm Appendix } \newdimen\shortappendixwidth \shortappendixwidth = \wd0 \def\shortchaplabel#1{% % We typeset #1 in a box of constant width, regardless of the text of % #1, so the chapter titles will come out aligned. \setbox0 = \hbox{#1}% \dimen0 = \ifdim\wd0 > \shortappendixwidth \shortappendixwidth \else 0pt \fi % % This space should be plenty, since a single number is .5em, and the % widest letter (M) is 1em, at least in the Computer Modern fonts. % (This space doesn't include the extra space that gets added after % the label; that gets put in in \shortchapentry above.) \advance\dimen0 by 1.1em \hbox to \dimen0{#1\hfil}% } \def\unnumbchapentry#1#2{\dochapentry{#1}{#2}} \def\shortunnumberedentry#1#2{\tocentry{#1}{\doshortpageno{#2}}} % Sections. \def\secentry#1#2#3#4{\dosecentry{#2.#3\labelspace#1}{#4}} \def\unnumbsecentry#1#2{\dosecentry{#1}{#2}} % Subsections. \def\subsecentry#1#2#3#4#5{\dosubsecentry{#2.#3.#4\labelspace#1}{#5}} \def\unnumbsubsecentry#1#2{\dosubsecentry{#1}{#2}} % And subsubsections. \def\subsubsecentry#1#2#3#4#5#6{% \dosubsubsecentry{#2.#3.#4.#5\labelspace#1}{#6}} \def\unnumbsubsubsecentry#1#2{\dosubsubsecentry{#1}{#2}} % This parameter controls the indentation of the various levels. \newdimen\tocindent \tocindent = 3pc % Now for the actual typesetting. In all these, #1 is the text and #2 is the % page number. % % If the toc has to be broken over pages, we would want to be at chapters % if at all possible; hence the \penalty. \def\dochapentry#1#2{% \penalty-300 \vskip\baselineskip \begingroup \chapentryfonts \tocentry{#1}{\dopageno{#2}}% \endgroup \nobreak\vskip .25\baselineskip } \def\dosecentry#1#2{\begingroup \secentryfonts \leftskip=\tocindent \tocentry{#1}{\dopageno{#2}}% \endgroup} \def\dosubsecentry#1#2{\begingroup \subsecentryfonts \leftskip=2\tocindent \tocentry{#1}{\dopageno{#2}}% \endgroup} \def\dosubsubsecentry#1#2{\begingroup \subsubsecentryfonts \leftskip=3\tocindent \tocentry{#1}{\dopageno{#2}}% \endgroup} % Final typesetting of a toc entry; we use the same \entry macro as for % the index entries, but we want to suppress hyphenation here. (We % can't do that in the \entry macro, since index entries might consist % of hyphenated-identifiers-that-do-not-fit-on-a-line-and-nothing-else.) % \def\tocentry#1#2{\begingroup \hyphenpenalty = 10000 \entry{#1}{#2}% \endgroup} % Space between chapter (or whatever) number and the title. \def\labelspace{\hskip1em \relax} \def\dopageno#1{{\rm #1}} \def\doshortpageno#1{{\rm #1}} \def\chapentryfonts{\secfonts \rm} \def\secentryfonts{\textfonts} \let\subsecentryfonts = \textfonts \let\subsubsecentryfonts = \textfonts \message{environments,} % Since these characters are used in examples, it should be an even number of % \tt widths. Each \tt character is 1en, so two makes it 1em. % Furthermore, these definitions must come after we define our fonts. \newbox\dblarrowbox \newbox\longdblarrowbox \newbox\pushcharbox \newbox\bullbox \newbox\equivbox \newbox\errorbox \let\ptexequiv = \equiv %{\tentt %\global\setbox\dblarrowbox = \hbox to 1em{\hfil$\Rightarrow$\hfil} %\global\setbox\longdblarrowbox = \hbox to 1em{\hfil$\mapsto$\hfil} %\global\setbox\pushcharbox = \hbox to 1em{\hfil$\dashv$\hfil} %\global\setbox\equivbox = \hbox to 1em{\hfil$\ptexequiv$\hfil} % Adapted from the manmac format (p.420 of TeXbook) %\global\setbox\bullbox = \hbox to 1em{\kern.15em\vrule height .75ex width .85ex % depth .1ex\hfil} %} \def\point{$\star$} \def\result{\leavevmode\raise.15ex\hbox to 1em{\hfil$\Rightarrow$\hfil}} \def\expansion{\leavevmode\raise.1ex\hbox to 1em{\hfil$\mapsto$\hfil}} \def\print{\leavevmode\lower.1ex\hbox to 1em{\hfil$\dashv$\hfil}} \def\equiv{\leavevmode\lower.1ex\hbox to 1em{\hfil$\ptexequiv$\hfil}} % Adapted from the TeXbook's \boxit. {\tentt \global\dimen0 = 3em}% Width of the box. \dimen2 = .55pt % Thickness of rules % The text. (`r' is open on the right, `e' somewhat less so on the left.) \setbox0 = \hbox{\kern-.75pt \tensf error\kern-1.5pt} \global\setbox\errorbox=\hbox to \dimen0{\hfil \hsize = \dimen0 \advance\hsize by -5.8pt % Space to left+right. \advance\hsize by -2\dimen2 % Rules. \vbox{ \hrule height\dimen2 \hbox{\vrule width\dimen2 \kern3pt % Space to left of text. \vtop{\kern2.4pt \box0 \kern2.4pt}% Space above/below. \kern3pt\vrule width\dimen2}% Space to right. \hrule height\dimen2} \hfil} % The @error{} command. \def\error{\leavevmode\lower.7ex\copy\errorbox} % @tex ... @end tex escapes into raw Tex temporarily. % One exception: @ is still an escape character, so that @end tex works. % But \@ or @@ will get a plain tex @ character. \def\tex{\begingroup \catcode `\\=0 \catcode `\{=1 \catcode `\}=2 \catcode `\$=3 \catcode `\&=4 \catcode `\#=6 \catcode `\^=7 \catcode `\_=8 \catcode `\~=13 \let~=\tie \catcode `\%=14 \catcode 43=12 \catcode`\"=12 \catcode`\==12 \catcode`\|=12 \catcode`\<=12 \catcode`\>=12 \escapechar=`\\ % \let\{=\ptexlbrace \let\}=\ptexrbrace \let\.=\ptexdot \let\*=\ptexstar \let\dots=\ptexdots \def\@{@}% \let\bullet=\ptexbullet \let\b=\ptexb \let\c=\ptexc \let\i=\ptexi \let\t=\ptext \let\l=\ptexl \let\L=\ptexL % \let\Etex=\endgroup} % Define @lisp ... @endlisp. % @lisp does a \begingroup so it can rebind things, % including the definition of @endlisp (which normally is erroneous). % Amount to narrow the margins by for @lisp. \newskip\lispnarrowing \lispnarrowing=0.4in % This is the definition that ^M gets inside @lisp % phr: changed space to \null, to avoid overfull hbox problems. {\obeyspaces% \gdef\lisppar{\null\endgraf}} % Make each space character in the input produce a normal interword % space in the output. Don't allow a line break at this space, as this % is used only in environments like @example, where each line of input % should produce a line of output anyway. % {\obeyspaces % \gdef\sepspaces{\obeyspaces\let =\tie}} % Define \obeyedspace to be our active space, whatever it is. This is % for use in \parsearg. {\sepspaces % \global\let\obeyedspace= } % This space is always present above and below environments. \newskip\envskipamount \envskipamount = 0pt % Make spacing and below environment symmetrical. \def\aboveenvbreak{{\advance\envskipamount by \parskip \endgraf \ifdim\lastskip<\envskipamount \removelastskip \penalty-50 \vskip\envskipamount \fi}} \let\afterenvbreak = \aboveenvbreak % \nonarrowing is a flag. If "set", @lisp etc don't narrow margins. \let\nonarrowing=\relax %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% % \cartouche: draw rectangle w/rounded corners around argument \font\circle=lcircle10 \newdimen\circthick \newdimen\cartouter\newdimen\cartinner \newskip\normbskip\newskip\normpskip\newskip\normlskip \circthick=\fontdimen8\circle % \def\ctl{{\circle\char'013\hskip -6pt}}% 6pt from pl file: 1/2charwidth \def\ctr{{\hskip 6pt\circle\char'010}} \def\cbl{{\circle\char'012\hskip -6pt}} \def\cbr{{\hskip 6pt\circle\char'011}} \def\carttop{\hbox to \cartouter{\hskip\lskip \ctl\leaders\hrule height\circthick\hfil\ctr \hskip\rskip}} \def\cartbot{\hbox to \cartouter{\hskip\lskip \cbl\leaders\hrule height\circthick\hfil\cbr \hskip\rskip}} % \newskip\lskip\newskip\rskip \long\def\cartouche{% \begingroup \lskip=\leftskip \rskip=\rightskip \leftskip=0pt\rightskip=0pt %we want these *outside*. \cartinner=\hsize \advance\cartinner by-\lskip \advance\cartinner by-\rskip \cartouter=\hsize \advance\cartouter by 18pt % allow for 3pt kerns on either % side, and for 6pt waste from % each corner char \normbskip=\baselineskip \normpskip=\parskip \normlskip=\lineskip % Flag to tell @lisp, etc., not to narrow margin. \let\nonarrowing=\comment \vbox\bgroup \baselineskip=0pt\parskip=0pt\lineskip=0pt \carttop \hbox\bgroup \hskip\lskip \vrule\kern3pt \vbox\bgroup \hsize=\cartinner \kern3pt \begingroup \baselineskip=\normbskip \lineskip=\normlskip \parskip=\normpskip \vskip -\parskip \def\Ecartouche{% \endgroup \kern3pt \egroup \kern3pt\vrule \hskip\rskip \egroup \cartbot \egroup \endgroup }} % This macro is called at the beginning of all the @example variants, % inside a group. \def\nonfillstart{% \aboveenvbreak \inENV % This group ends at the end of the body \hfuzz = 12pt % Don't be fussy \sepspaces % Make spaces be word-separators rather than space tokens. \singlespace % single space lines \let\par = \lisppar % don't ignore blank lines \obeylines % each line of input is a line of output \parskip = 0pt \parindent = 0pt \emergencystretch = 0pt % don't try to avoid overfull boxes % @cartouche defines \nonarrowing to inhibit narrowing % at next level down. \ifx\nonarrowing\relax \advance \leftskip by \lispnarrowing \exdentamount=\lispnarrowing \let\exdent=\nofillexdent \let\nonarrowing=\relax \fi } \def\Elisp{\endgroup\afterenvbreak}% \def\lisp{\begingroup \nonfillstart \def\Elisp{\endgroup\afterenvbreak}% \tt \rawbackslash % output the \ character from the current font \gobble } % Define the \E... control sequence only if we are inside the % environment, so the error checking in \end will work. % % We must call \lisp last in the definition, since it reads the % return following the @example (or whatever) command. % \def\example{\begingroup \def\Eexample{\Elisp\endgroup}\lisp} \def\smallexample{\begingroup \def\Esmallexample{\Elisp\endgroup}\lisp} % Macro for 9 pt. examples, necessary to print with 5" lines. From % Pavel@xerox. This is not used for @smallexamples unless the % @smallbook command is given. % \def\smalllispx{\begingroup \nonfillstart \def\Esmalllisp{\endgroup\afterenvbreak}% % % Smaller interline space and fonts for small examples. \baselineskip 10pt \indexfonts \tt \rawbackslash % output the \ character from the current font \gobble } % This is @display; same as @lisp except use roman font. % \def\display{\begingroup \nonfillstart \def\Edisplay{\endgroup\afterenvbreak}% \gobble } % This is @format; same as @display except don't narrow margins. % \def\format{\begingroup \let\nonarrowing = t \nonfillstart \def\Eformat{\endgroup\afterenvbreak} \gobble } % @flushleft (same as @format) and @flushright. % \def\flushleft{\begingroup \let\nonarrowing = t \nonfillstart \def\Eflushleft{\endgroup\afterenvbreak}% \gobble } \def\flushright{\begingroup \let\nonarrowing = t \nonfillstart \def\Eflushright{\endgroup\afterenvbreak}% \advance\leftskip by 0pt plus 1fill \gobble} % @quotation does normal linebreaking and narrows the margins. % \def\quotation{% \begingroup\inENV %This group ends at the end of the @quotation body {\parskip=0pt % because we will skip by \parskip too, later \aboveenvbreak}% \singlespace \parindent=0pt \def\Equotation{\par\endgroup\afterenvbreak}% % @cartouche defines \nonarrowing to inhibit narrowing % at next level down. \ifx\nonarrowing\relax \advance \leftskip by \lispnarrowing \advance \rightskip by \lispnarrowing \exdentamount=\lispnarrowing \let\nonarrowing=\relax \fi} \message{defuns,} % Define formatter for defuns % First, allow user to change definition object font (\df) internally \def\setdeffont #1 {\csname DEF#1\endcsname} \newskip\defbodyindent \defbodyindent=.4in \newskip\defargsindent \defargsindent=50pt \newskip\deftypemargin \deftypemargin=12pt \newskip\deflastargmargin \deflastargmargin=18pt \newcount\parencount % define \functionparens, which makes ( and ) and & do special things. % \functionparens affects the group it is contained in. \def\activeparens{% \catcode`\(=\active \catcode`\)=\active \catcode`\&=\active \catcode`\[=\active \catcode`\]=\active} % Make control sequences which act like normal parenthesis chars. \let\lparen = ( \let\rparen = ) {\activeparens % Now, smart parens don't turn on until &foo (see \amprm) % Be sure that we always have a definition for `(', etc. For example, % if the fn name has parens in it, \boldbrax will not be in effect yet, % so TeX would otherwise complain about undefined control sequence. \global\let(=\lparen \global\let)=\rparen \global\let[=\lbrack \global\let]=\rbrack \gdef\functionparens{\boldbrax\let&=\amprm\parencount=0 } \gdef\boldbrax{\let(=\opnr\let)=\clnr\let[=\lbrb\let]=\rbrb} % Definitions of (, ) and & used in args for functions. % This is the definition of ( outside of all parentheses. \gdef\oprm#1 {{\rm\char`\(}#1 \bf \let(=\opnested % \global\advance\parencount by 1 } % % This is the definition of ( when already inside a level of parens. \gdef\opnested{\char`\(\global\advance\parencount by 1 } % \gdef\clrm{% Print a paren in roman if it is taking us back to depth of 0. % also in that case restore the outer-level definition of (. \ifnum \parencount=1 {\rm \char `\)}\sl \let(=\oprm \else \char `\) \fi \global\advance \parencount by -1 } % If we encounter &foo, then turn on ()-hacking afterwards \gdef\amprm#1 {{\rm\}\let(=\oprm \let)=\clrm\ } % \gdef\normalparens{\boldbrax\let&=\ampnr} } % End of definition inside \activeparens %% These parens (in \boldbrax) actually are a little bolder than the %% contained text. This is especially needed for [ and ] \def\opnr{{\sf\char`\(}} \def\clnr{{\sf\char`\)}} \def\ampnr{\&} \def\lbrb{{\bf\char`\[}} \def\rbrb{{\bf\char`\]}} % First, defname, which formats the header line itself. % #1 should be the function name. % #2 should be the type of definition, such as "Function". \def\defname #1#2{% % Get the values of \leftskip and \rightskip as they were % outside the @def... \dimen2=\leftskip \advance\dimen2 by -\defbodyindent \dimen3=\rightskip \advance\dimen3 by -\defbodyindent \noindent % \setbox0=\hbox{\hskip \deflastargmargin{\rm #2}\hskip \deftypemargin}% \dimen0=\hsize \advance \dimen0 by -\wd0 % compute size for first line \dimen1=\hsize \advance \dimen1 by -\defargsindent %size for continuations \parshape 2 0in \dimen0 \defargsindent \dimen1 % % Now output arg 2 ("Function" or some such) % ending at \deftypemargin from the right margin, % but stuck inside a box of width 0 so it does not interfere with linebreaking {% Adjust \hsize to exclude the ambient margins, % so that \rightline will obey them. \advance \hsize by -\dimen2 \advance \hsize by -\dimen3 \rlap{\rightline{{\rm #2}\hskip \deftypemargin}}}% % Make all lines underfull and no complaints: \tolerance=10000 \hbadness=10000 \advance\leftskip by -\defbodyindent \exdentamount=\defbodyindent {\df #1}\enskip % Generate function name } % Actually process the body of a definition % #1 should be the terminating control sequence, such as \Edefun. % #2 should be the "another name" control sequence, such as \defunx. % #3 should be the control sequence that actually processes the header, % such as \defunheader. \def\defparsebody #1#2#3{\begingroup\inENV% Environment for definitionbody \medbreak % % Define the end token that this defining construct specifies % so that it will exit this group. \def#1{\endgraf\endgroup\medbreak}% \def#2{\begingroup\obeylines\activeparens\spacesplit#3}% \parindent=0in \advance\leftskip by \defbodyindent \advance \rightskip by \defbodyindent \exdentamount=\defbodyindent \begingroup % \catcode 61=\active % \obeylines\activeparens\spacesplit#3} \def\defmethparsebody #1#2#3#4 {\begingroup\inENV % \medbreak % % Define the end token that this defining construct specifies % so that it will exit this group. \def#1{\endgraf\endgroup\medbreak}% \def#2##1 {\begingroup\obeylines\activeparens\spacesplit{#3{##1}}}% \parindent=0in \advance\leftskip by \defbodyindent \advance \rightskip by \defbodyindent \exdentamount=\defbodyindent \begingroup\obeylines\activeparens\spacesplit{#3{#4}}} \def\defopparsebody #1#2#3#4#5 {\begingroup\inENV % \medbreak % % Define the end token that this defining construct specifies % so that it will exit this group. \def#1{\endgraf\endgroup\medbreak}% \def#2##1 ##2 {\def#4{##1}% \begingroup\obeylines\activeparens\spacesplit{#3{##2}}}% \parindent=0in \advance\leftskip by \defbodyindent \advance \rightskip by \defbodyindent \exdentamount=\defbodyindent \begingroup\obeylines\activeparens\spacesplit{#3{#5}}} % These parsing functions are similar to the preceding ones % except that they do not make parens into active characters. % These are used for "variables" since they have no arguments. \def\defvarparsebody #1#2#3{\begingroup\inENV% Environment for definitionbody \medbreak % % Define the end token that this defining construct specifies % so that it will exit this group. \def#1{\endgraf\endgroup\medbreak}% \def#2{\begingroup\obeylines\spacesplit#3}% \parindent=0in \advance\leftskip by \defbodyindent \advance \rightskip by \defbodyindent \exdentamount=\defbodyindent \begingroup % \catcode 61=\active % \obeylines\spacesplit#3} \def\defvrparsebody #1#2#3#4 {\begingroup\inENV % \medbreak % % Define the end token that this defining construct specifies % so that it will exit this group. \def#1{\endgraf\endgroup\medbreak}% \def#2##1 {\begingroup\obeylines\spacesplit{#3{##1}}}% \parindent=0in \advance\leftskip by \defbodyindent \advance \rightskip by \defbodyindent \exdentamount=\defbodyindent \begingroup\obeylines\spacesplit{#3{#4}}} % This seems to work right in all cases. \let\deftpparsebody=\defvrparsebody % This fails to work. When given `@deftp {Data Type} foo_t', % it thinks the type name is just `f'. %%% This is the same as all the others except for the last line. We need %%% to parse the arguments differently for @deftp, since the ``attributes'' %%% there are optional. %%% %%\def\deftpparsebody #1#2#3#4 {\begingroup\inENV % %%\medbreak % %%% Define the end token that this defining construct specifies %%% so that it will exit this group. %%\def#1{\endgraf\endgroup\medbreak}% %%\def#2##1 {\begingroup\obeylines\spacesplit{#3{##1}}}% %%\parindent=0in %%\advance\leftskip by \defbodyindent \advance \rightskip by \defbodyindent %%\exdentamount=\defbodyindent %%\begingroup\obeylines\parsetpheaderline{#3{#4}}} %%{\obeylines % %% % Parse the type name and any attributes (field names, etc.). %% % #1 is the beginning of the macro call that will produce the output, %% % i.e., \deftpheader{CLASS}; this is passed from \deftpparsebody. %% % #2 is the type name, e.g., `struct termios'. %% % #3 is the (possibly empty) attribute list. %% % %% \gdef\parsetpheaderline#1#2#3^^M{% %% \endgroup % Started in \deftpparsebody. %% % %% % If the attribute list is in fact empty, there will be no space after %% % #2; so we can't put a space in our TeX parameter list. But if it %% % isn't empty, then #3 will begin with an unwanted space. %% \def\theargs{\ignorespaces #3}% %% % %% % Call the macro to produce the output. %% #1{#2}\theargs % %% }% %%} \def\defopvarparsebody #1#2#3#4#5 {\begingroup\inENV % \medbreak % % Define the end token that this defining construct specifies % so that it will exit this group. \def#1{\endgraf\endgroup\medbreak}% \def#2##1 ##2 {\def#4{##1}% \begingroup\obeylines\spacesplit{#3{##2}}}% \parindent=0in \advance\leftskip by \defbodyindent \advance \rightskip by \defbodyindent \exdentamount=\defbodyindent \begingroup\obeylines\spacesplit{#3{#5}}} % Split up #2 at the first space token. % call #1 with two arguments: % the first is all of #2 before the space token, % the second is all of #2 after that space token. % If #2 contains no space token, all of it is passed as the first arg % and the second is passed as empty. {\obeylines \gdef\spacesplit#1#2^^M{\endgroup\spacesplitfoo{#1}#2 \relax\spacesplitfoo}% \long\gdef\spacesplitfoo#1#2 #3#4\spacesplitfoo{% \ifx\relax #3% #1{#2}{}\else #1{#2}{#3#4}\fi}} % So much for the things common to all kinds of definitions. % Define @defun. % First, define the processing that is wanted for arguments of \defun % Use this to expand the args and terminate the paragraph they make up \def\defunargs #1{\functionparens \sl % Expand, preventing hyphenation at `-' chars. % Note that groups don't affect changes in \hyphenchar. \hyphenchar\tensl=0 #1% \hyphenchar\tensl=45 \ifnum\parencount=0 \else \errmessage{unbalanced parens in @def arguments}\fi% \interlinepenalty=10000 \advance\rightskip by 0pt plus 1fil \endgraf\penalty 10000\vskip -\parskip\penalty 10000% } \def\deftypefunargs #1{% % Expand, preventing hyphenation at `-' chars. % Note that groups don't affect changes in \hyphenchar. \functionparens \code{#1}% \interlinepenalty=10000 \advance\rightskip by 0pt plus 1fil \endgraf\penalty 10000\vskip -\parskip\penalty 10000% } % Do complete processing of one @defun or @defunx line already parsed. % @deffn Command forward-char nchars \def\deffn{\defmethparsebody\Edeffn\deffnx\deffnheader} \def\deffnheader #1#2#3{\doind {fn}{\code{#2}}% \begingroup\defname {#2}{#1}\defunargs{#3}\endgroup % \catcode 61=\other % Turn off change made in \defparsebody } % @defun == @deffn Function \def\defun{\defparsebody\Edefun\defunx\defunheader} \def\defunheader #1#2{\doind {fn}{\code{#1}}% Make entry in function index \begingroup\defname {#1}{Function}% \defunargs {#2}\endgroup % \catcode 61=\other % Turn off change made in \defparsebody } % @deftypefun int foobar (int @var{foo}, float @var{bar}) \def\deftypefun{\defparsebody\Edeftypefun\deftypefunx\deftypefunheader} % #1 is the data type. #2 is the name and args. \def\deftypefunheader #1#2{\deftypefunheaderx{#1}#2 \relax} % #1 is the data type, #2 the name, #3 the args. \def\deftypefunheaderx #1#2 #3\relax{% \doind {fn}{\code{#2}}% Make entry in function index \begingroup\defname {\code{#1} #2}{Function}% \deftypefunargs {#3}\endgroup % \catcode 61=\other % Turn off change made in \defparsebody } % @deftypefn {Library Function} int foobar (int @var{foo}, float @var{bar}) \def\deftypefn{\defmethparsebody\Edeftypefn\deftypefnx\deftypefnheader} % #1 is the classification. #2 is the data type. #3 is the name and args. \def\deftypefnheader #1#2#3{\deftypefnheaderx{#1}{#2}#3 \relax} % #1 is the classification, #2 the data type, #3 the name, #4 the args. \def\deftypefnheaderx #1#2#3 #4\relax{% \doind {fn}{\code{#3}}% Make entry in function index \begingroup\defname {\code{#2} #3}{#1}% \deftypefunargs {#4}\endgroup % \catcode 61=\other % Turn off change made in \defparsebody } % @defmac == @deffn Macro \def\defmac{\defparsebody\Edefmac\defmacx\defmacheader} \def\defmacheader #1#2{\doind {fn}{\code{#1}}% Make entry in function index \begingroup\defname {#1}{Macro}% \defunargs {#2}\endgroup % \catcode 61=\other % Turn off change made in \defparsebody } % @defspec == @deffn Special Form \def\defspec{\defparsebody\Edefspec\defspecx\defspecheader} \def\defspecheader #1#2{\doind {fn}{\code{#1}}% Make entry in function index \begingroup\defname {#1}{Special Form}% \defunargs {#2}\endgroup % \catcode 61=\other % Turn off change made in \defparsebody } % This definition is run if you use @defunx % anywhere other than immediately after a @defun or @defunx. \def\deffnx #1 {\errmessage{@deffnx in invalid context}} \def\defunx #1 {\errmessage{@defunx in invalid context}} \def\defmacx #1 {\errmessage{@defmacx in invalid context}} \def\defspecx #1 {\errmessage{@defspecx in invalid context}} \def\deftypefnx #1 {\errmessage{@deftypefnx in invalid context}} \def\deftypeunx #1 {\errmessage{@deftypeunx in invalid context}} % @defmethod, and so on % @defop {Funny Method} foo-class frobnicate argument \def\defop #1 {\def\defoptype{#1}% \defopparsebody\Edefop\defopx\defopheader\defoptype} \def\defopheader #1#2#3{% \dosubind {fn}{\code{#2}}{on #1}% Make entry in function index \begingroup\defname {#2}{\defoptype{} on #1}% \defunargs {#3}\endgroup % } % @defmethod == @defop Method \def\defmethod{\defmethparsebody\Edefmethod\defmethodx\defmethodheader} \def\defmethodheader #1#2#3{% \dosubind {fn}{\code{#2}}{on #1}% entry in function index \begingroup\defname {#2}{Method on #1}% \defunargs {#3}\endgroup % } % @defcv {Class Option} foo-class foo-flag \def\defcv #1 {\def\defcvtype{#1}% \defopvarparsebody\Edefcv\defcvx\defcvarheader\defcvtype} \def\defcvarheader #1#2#3{% \dosubind {vr}{\code{#2}}{of #1}% Make entry in var index \begingroup\defname {#2}{\defcvtype{} of #1}% \defvarargs {#3}\endgroup % } % @defivar == @defcv {Instance Variable} \def\defivar{\defvrparsebody\Edefivar\defivarx\defivarheader} \def\defivarheader #1#2#3{% \dosubind {vr}{\code{#2}}{of #1}% Make entry in var index \begingroup\defname {#2}{Instance Variable of #1}% \defvarargs {#3}\endgroup % } % These definitions are run if you use @defmethodx, etc., % anywhere other than immediately after a @defmethod, etc. \def\defopx #1 {\errmessage{@defopx in invalid context}} \def\defmethodx #1 {\errmessage{@defmethodx in invalid context}} \def\defcvx #1 {\errmessage{@defcvx in invalid context}} \def\defivarx #1 {\errmessage{@defivarx in invalid context}} % Now @defvar % First, define the processing that is wanted for arguments of @defvar. % This is actually simple: just print them in roman. % This must expand the args and terminate the paragraph they make up \def\defvarargs #1{\normalparens #1% \interlinepenalty=10000 \endgraf\penalty 10000\vskip -\parskip\penalty 10000} % @defvr Counter foo-count \def\defvr{\defvrparsebody\Edefvr\defvrx\defvrheader} \def\defvrheader #1#2#3{\doind {vr}{\code{#2}}% \begingroup\defname {#2}{#1}\defvarargs{#3}\endgroup} % @defvar == @defvr Variable \def\defvar{\defvarparsebody\Edefvar\defvarx\defvarheader} \def\defvarheader #1#2{\doind {vr}{\code{#1}}% Make entry in var index \begingroup\defname {#1}{Variable}% \defvarargs {#2}\endgroup % } % @defopt == @defvr {User Option} \def\defopt{\defvarparsebody\Edefopt\defoptx\defoptheader} \def\defoptheader #1#2{\doind {vr}{\code{#1}}% Make entry in var index \begingroup\defname {#1}{User Option}% \defvarargs {#2}\endgroup % } % @deftypevar int foobar \def\deftypevar{\defvarparsebody\Edeftypevar\deftypevarx\deftypevarheader} % #1 is the data type. #2 is the name. \def\deftypevarheader #1#2{% \doind {vr}{\code{#2}}% Make entry in variables index \begingroup\defname {\code{#1} #2}{Variable}% \interlinepenalty=10000 \endgraf\penalty 10000\vskip -\parskip\penalty 10000 \endgroup} % @deftypevr {Global Flag} int enable \def\deftypevr{\defvrparsebody\Edeftypevr\deftypevrx\deftypevrheader} \def\deftypevrheader #1#2#3{\doind {vr}{\code{#3}}% \begingroup\defname {\code{#2} #3}{#1} \interlinepenalty=10000 \endgraf\penalty 10000\vskip -\parskip\penalty 10000 \endgroup} % This definition is run if you use @defvarx % anywhere other than immediately after a @defvar or @defvarx. \def\defvrx #1 {\errmessage{@defvrx in invalid context}} \def\defvarx #1 {\errmessage{@defvarx in invalid context}} \def\defoptx #1 {\errmessage{@defoptx in invalid context}} \def\deftypevarx #1 {\errmessage{@deftypevarx in invalid context}} \def\deftypevrx #1 {\errmessage{@deftypevrx in invalid context}} % Now define @deftp % Args are printed in bold, a slight difference from @defvar. \def\deftpargs #1{\bf \defvarargs{#1}} % @deftp Class window height width ... \def\deftp{\deftpparsebody\Edeftp\deftpx\deftpheader} \def\deftpheader #1#2#3{\doind {tp}{\code{#2}}% \begingroup\defname {#2}{#1}\deftpargs{#3}\endgroup} % This definition is run if you use @deftpx, etc % anywhere other than immediately after a @deftp, etc. \def\deftpx #1 {\errmessage{@deftpx in invalid context}} \message{cross reference,} % Define cross-reference macros \newwrite \auxfile \newif\ifhavexrefs % True if xref values are known. \newif\ifwarnedxrefs % True if we warned once that they aren't known. % \setref{foo} defines a cross-reference point named foo. \def\setref#1{% %\dosetq{#1-title}{Ytitle}% \dosetq{#1-pg}{Ypagenumber}% \dosetq{#1-snt}{Ysectionnumberandtype}} \def\unnumbsetref#1{% %\dosetq{#1-title}{Ytitle}% \dosetq{#1-pg}{Ypagenumber}% \dosetq{#1-snt}{Ynothing}} \def\appendixsetref#1{% %\dosetq{#1-title}{Ytitle}% \dosetq{#1-pg}{Ypagenumber}% \dosetq{#1-snt}{Yappendixletterandtype}} % \xref, \pxref, and \ref generate cross-references to specified points. % For \xrefX, #1 is the node name, #2 the name of the Info % cross-reference, #3 the printed node name, #4 the name of the Info % file, #5 the name of the printed manual. All but the node name can be % omitted. % \def\pxref#1{see \xrefX[#1,,,,,,,]} \def\xref#1{See \xrefX[#1,,,,,,,]} \def\ref#1{\xrefX[#1,,,,,,,]} \def\xrefX[#1,#2,#3,#4,#5,#6]{\begingroup% \def\printedmanual{\ignorespaces #5}% \def\printednodename{\ignorespaces #3}% % \setbox1=\hbox{\printedmanual}% \setbox0=\hbox{\printednodename}% \ifdim \wd0=0pt% \def\printednodename{\ignorespaces #1}% %%% Uncommment the following line to make the actual chapter or section title %%% appear inside the square brackets. %\def\printednodename{#1-title}% \fi% % % % If we use \unhbox0 and \unhbox1 to print the node names, TeX does % not insert empty discretionaries after hyphens, which means that it % will not find a line break at a hyphen in a node names. Since some % manuals are best written with fairly long node names, containing % hyphens, this is a loss. Therefore, we simply give the text of % the node name again, so it is as if TeX is seeing it for the first % time. \ifdim \wd1>0pt section ``\printednodename'' in \cite{\printedmanual}% \else% \turnoffactive% \refx{#1-snt}{} [\printednodename], page\tie\refx{#1-pg}{}% \fi \endgroup} % \dosetq is the interface for calls from other macros % Use \turnoffactive so that punctuation chars such as underscore % work in node names. \def\dosetq #1#2{{\let\folio=0 \turnoffactive% \edef\next{\write\auxfile{\internalsetq {#1}{#2}}}% \next}} % \internalsetq {foo}{page} expands into % CHARACTERS 'xrdef {foo}{...expansion of \Ypage...} % When the aux file is read, ' is the escape character \def\internalsetq #1#2{'xrdef {#1}{\csname #2\endcsname}} % Things to be expanded by \internalsetq \def\Ypagenumber{\folio} \def\Ytitle{\thischapter} \def\Ynothing{} \def\Ysectionnumberandtype{% \ifnum\secno=0 Chapter\xreftie\the\chapno % \else \ifnum \subsecno=0 Section\xreftie\the\chapno.\the\secno % \else \ifnum \subsubsecno=0 % Section\xreftie\the\chapno.\the\secno.\the\subsecno % \else % Section\xreftie\the\chapno.\the\secno.\the\subsecno.\the\subsubsecno % \fi \fi \fi } \def\Yappendixletterandtype{% \ifnum\secno=0 Appendix\xreftie'char\the\appendixno{}% \else \ifnum \subsecno=0 Section\xreftie'char\the\appendixno.\the\secno % \else \ifnum \subsubsecno=0 % Section\xreftie'char\the\appendixno.\the\secno.\the\subsecno % \else % Section\xreftie'char\the\appendixno.\the\secno.\the\subsecno.\the\subsubsecno % \fi \fi \fi } \gdef\xreftie{'tie} % Use TeX 3.0's \inputlineno to get the line number, for better error % messages, but if we're using an old version of TeX, don't do anything. % \ifx\inputlineno\thisisundefined \let\linenumber = \empty % Non-3.0. \else \def\linenumber{\the\inputlineno:\space} \fi % Define \refx{NAME}{SUFFIX} to reference a cross-reference string named NAME. % If its value is nonempty, SUFFIX is output afterward. \def\refx#1#2{% \expandafter\ifx\csname X#1\endcsname\relax % If not defined, say something at least. $\langle$un\-de\-fined$\rangle$% \ifhavexrefs \message{\linenumber Undefined cross reference `#1'.}% \else \ifwarnedxrefs\else \global\warnedxrefstrue \message{Cross reference values unknown; you must run TeX again.}% \fi \fi \else % It's defined, so just use it. \csname X#1\endcsname \fi #2% Output the suffix in any case. } % Read the last existing aux file, if any. No error if none exists. % This is the macro invoked by entries in the aux file. \def\xrdef #1#2{ {\catcode`\'=\other\expandafter \gdef \csname X#1\endcsname {#2}}} \def\readauxfile{% \begingroup \catcode `\^^@=\other \catcode `\=\other \catcode `\=\other \catcode `\^^C=\other \catcode `\^^D=\other \catcode `\^^E=\other \catcode `\^^F=\other \catcode `\^^G=\other \catcode `\^^H=\other \catcode `\ =\other \catcode `\^^L=\other \catcode `\=\other \catcode `\=\other \catcode `\=\other \catcode `\=\other \catcode `\=\other \catcode `\=\other \catcode `\=\other \catcode `\=\other \catcode `\=\other \catcode `\=\other \catcode `\=\other \catcode `\=\other \catcode 26=\other \catcode `\^^[=\other \catcode `\^^\=\other \catcode `\^^]=\other \catcode `\^^^=\other \catcode `\^^_=\other \catcode `\@=\other \catcode `\^=\other \catcode `\~=\other \catcode `\[=\other \catcode `\]=\other \catcode`\"=\other \catcode`\_=\other \catcode`\|=\other \catcode`\<=\other \catcode`\>=\other \catcode `\$=\other \catcode `\#=\other \catcode `\&=\other % `\+ does not work, so use 43. \catcode 43=\other % the aux file uses ' as the escape. % Turn off \ as an escape so we do not lose on % entries which were dumped with control sequences in their names. % For example, 'xrdef {$\leq $-fun}{page ...} made by @defun ^^ % Reference to such entries still does not work the way one would wish, % but at least they do not bomb out when the aux file is read in. \catcode `\{=1 \catcode `\}=2 \catcode `\%=\other \catcode `\'=0 \catcode `\\=\other \openin 1 \jobname.aux \ifeof 1 \else \closein 1 \input \jobname.aux \global\havexrefstrue \global\warnedobstrue \fi % Open the new aux file. Tex will close it automatically at exit. \openout \auxfile=\jobname.aux \endgroup} % Footnotes. \newcount \footnoteno % The trailing space in the following definition for supereject is % vital for proper filling; pages come out unaligned when you do a % pagealignmacro call if that space before the closing brace is % removed. \def\supereject{\par\penalty -20000\footnoteno =0 } % @footnotestyle is meaningful for info output only.. \let\footnotestyle=\comment \let\ptexfootnote=\footnote {\catcode `\@=11 % % Auto-number footnotes. Otherwise like plain. \gdef\footnote{% \global\advance\footnoteno by \@ne \edef\thisfootno{$^{\the\footnoteno}$}% % % In case the footnote comes at the end of a sentence, preserve the % extra spacing after we do the footnote number. \let\@sf\empty \ifhmode\edef\@sf{\spacefactor\the\spacefactor}\/\fi % % Remove inadvertent blank space before typesetting the footnote number. \unskip \thisfootno\@sf \footnotezzz }% % Don't bother with the trickery in plain.tex to not require the % footnote text as a parameter. Our footnotes don't need to be so general. % \long\gdef\footnotezzz#1{\insert\footins{% % We want to typeset this text as a normal paragraph, even if the % footnote reference occurs in (for example) a display environment. % So reset some parameters. \interlinepenalty\interfootnotelinepenalty \splittopskip\ht\strutbox % top baseline for broken footnotes \splitmaxdepth\dp\strutbox \floatingpenalty\@MM \leftskip\z@skip \rightskip\z@skip \spaceskip\z@skip \xspaceskip\z@skip \parindent\defaultparindent % % Hang the footnote text off the number. \hang \textindent{\thisfootno}% % % Don't crash into the line above the footnote text. Since this % expands into a box, it must come within the paragraph, lest it % provide a place where TeX can split the footnote. \footstrut #1\strut}% } }%end \catcode `\@=11 % Set the baselineskip to #1, and the lineskip and strut size % correspondingly. There is no deep meaning behind these magic numbers % used as factors; they just match (closely enough) what Knuth defined. % \def\lineskipfactor{.1} \def\strutheightpercent{.71} \def\strutdepthpercent{.29} % \def\setleading#1{% \baselineskip = #1\relax \normalbaselineskip = \baselineskip \lineskip = \lineskipfactor\baselineskip \setbox\strutbox =\hbox{% \vrule width0pt height\strutheightpercent\baselineskip depth \strutdepthpercent \baselineskip }% } % @| inserts a changebar to the left of the current line. It should % surround any changed text. This approach does *not* work if the % change spans more than two lines of output. To handle that, we would % have adopt a much more difficult approach (putting marks into the main % vertical list for the beginning and end of each change). % \def\|{% % \vadjust can only be used in horizontal mode. \leavevmode % % Append this vertical mode material after the current line in the output. \vadjust{% % We want to insert a rule with the height and depth of the current % leading; that is exactly what \strutbox is supposed to record. \vskip-\baselineskip % % \vadjust-items are inserted at the left edge of the type. So % the \llap here moves out into the left-hand margin. \llap{% % % For a thicker or thinner bar, change the `1pt'. \vrule height\baselineskip width1pt % % This is the space between the bar and the text. \hskip 12pt }% }% } % For a final copy, take out the rectangles % that mark overfull boxes (in case you have decided % that the text looks ok even though it passes the margin). % \def\finalout{\overfullrule=0pt} % End of control word definitions. \message{and turning on texinfo input format.} \def\openindices{% \newindex{cp}% \newcodeindex{fn}% \newcodeindex{vr}% \newcodeindex{tp}% \newcodeindex{ky}% \newcodeindex{pg}% } % Set some numeric style parameters, for 8.5 x 11 format. %\hsize = 6.5in \newdimen\defaultparindent \defaultparindent = 15pt \parindent = \defaultparindent \parskip 18pt plus 1pt \setleading{15pt} \advance\topskip by 1.2cm % Prevent underfull vbox error messages. \vbadness=10000 % Following George Bush, just get rid of widows and orphans. \widowpenalty=10000 \clubpenalty=10000 % Use TeX 3.0's \emergencystretch to help line breaking, but if we're % using an old version of TeX, don't do anything. We want the amount of % stretch added to depend on the line length, hence the dependence on % \hsize. This makes it come to about 9pt for the 8.5x11 format. % \ifx\emergencystretch\thisisundefined % Allow us to assign to \emergencystretch anyway. \def\emergencystretch{\dimen0}% \else \emergencystretch = \hsize \divide\emergencystretch by 45 \fi % Use @smallbook to reset parameters for 7x9.5 format (or else 7x9.25) \def\smallbook{ % These values for secheadingskip and subsecheadingskip are % experiments. RJC 7 Aug 1992 \global\secheadingskip = 17pt plus 6pt minus 3pt \global\subsecheadingskip = 14pt plus 6pt minus 3pt \global\lispnarrowing = 0.3in \setleading{12pt} \advance\topskip by -1cm \global\parskip 3pt plus 1pt \global\hsize = 5in \global\vsize=7.5in \global\tolerance=700 \global\hfuzz=1pt \global\contentsrightmargin=0pt \global\pagewidth=\hsize \global\pageheight=\vsize \global\let\smalllisp=\smalllispx \global\let\smallexample=\smalllispx \global\def\Esmallexample{\Esmalllisp} } % Use @afourpaper to print on European A4 paper. \def\afourpaper{ \global\tolerance=700 \global\hfuzz=1pt \setleading{12pt} \global\parskip 15pt plus 1pt \global\vsize= 53\baselineskip \advance\vsize by \topskip %\global\hsize= 5.85in % A4 wide 10pt \global\hsize= 6.5in \global\outerhsize=\hsize \global\advance\outerhsize by 0.5in \global\outervsize=\vsize \global\advance\outervsize by 0.6in \global\pagewidth=\hsize \global\pageheight=\vsize } % Define macros to output various characters with catcode for normal text. \catcode`\"=\other \catcode`\~=\other \catcode`\^=\other \catcode`\_=\other \catcode`\|=\other \catcode`\<=\other \catcode`\>=\other \catcode`\+=\other \def\normaldoublequote{"} \def\normaltilde{~} \def\normalcaret{^} \def\normalunderscore{_} \def\normalverticalbar{|} \def\normalless{<} \def\normalgreater{>} \def\normalplus{+} % This macro is used to make a character print one way in ttfont % where it can probably just be output, and another way in other fonts, % where something hairier probably needs to be done. % % #1 is what to print if we are indeed using \tt; #2 is what to print % otherwise. Since all the Computer Modern typewriter fonts have zero % interword stretch (and shrink), and it is reasonable to expect all % typewriter fonts to have this, we can check that font parameter. % \def\ifusingtt#1#2{\ifdim \fontdimen3\the\font=0pt #1\else #2\fi} % Turn off all special characters except @ % (and those which the user can use as if they were ordinary). % Most of these we simply print from the \tt font, but for some, we can % use math or other variants that look better in normal text. \catcode`\"=\active \def\activedoublequote{{\tt \char '042}} \let"=\activedoublequote \catcode`\~=\active \def~{{\tt \char '176}} \chardef\hat=`\^ \catcode`\^=\active \def^{{\tt \hat}} \catcode`\_=\active \def_{\ifusingtt\normalunderscore\_} % Subroutine for the previous macro. \def\_{\lvvmode \kern.06em \vbox{\hrule width.3em height.1ex}} % \lvvmode is equivalent in function to \leavevmode. % Using \leavevmode runs into trouble when written out to % an index file due to the expansion of \leavevmode into ``\unhbox % \voidb@x'' ---which looks to TeX like ``\unhbox \voidb\x'' due to our % magic tricks with @. \def\lvvmode{\vbox to 0pt{}} \catcode`\|=\active \def|{{\tt \char '174}} \chardef \less=`\< \catcode`\<=\active \def<{{\tt \less}} \chardef \gtr=`\> \catcode`\>=\active \def>{{\tt \gtr}} \catcode`\+=\active \def+{{\tt \char 43}} %\catcode 27=\active %\def^^[{$\diamondsuit$} % Used sometimes to turn off (effectively) the active characters % even after parsing them. \def\turnoffactive{\let"=\normaldoublequote \let~=\normaltilde \let^=\normalcaret \let_=\normalunderscore \let|=\normalverticalbar \let<=\normalless \let>=\normalgreater \let+=\normalplus} % Set up an active definition for =, but don't enable it most of the time. {\catcode`\==\active \global\def={{\tt \char 61}}} \catcode`\@=0 % \rawbackslashxx output one backslash character in current font \global\chardef\rawbackslashxx=`\\ %{\catcode`\\=\other %@gdef@rawbackslashxx{\}} % \rawbackslash redefines \ as input to do \rawbackslashxx. {\catcode`\\=\active @gdef@rawbackslash{@let\=@rawbackslashxx }} % \normalbackslash outputs one backslash in fixed width font. \def\normalbackslash{{\tt\rawbackslashxx}} % Say @foo, not \foo, in error messages. \escapechar=`\@ % \catcode 17=0 % Define control-q \catcode`\\=\active % If a .fmt file is being used, we don't want the `\input texinfo' to show up. % That is what \eatinput is for; after that, the `\' should revert to printing % a backslash. % @gdef@eatinput input texinfo{@fixbackslash} @global@let\ = @eatinput % On the other hand, perhaps the file did not have a `\input texinfo'. Then % the first `\{ in the file would cause an error. This macro tries to fix % that, assuming it is called before the first `\' could plausibly occur. % @gdef@fixbackslash{@ifx\@eatinput @let\ = @normalbackslash @fi} %% These look ok in all fonts, so just make them not special. The @rm below %% makes sure that the current font starts out as the newly loaded cmr10 @catcode`@$=@other @catcode`@%=@other @catcode`@&=@other @catcode`@#=@other @textfonts @rm @c Local variables: @c page-delimiter: "^\\\\message" @c End: bash-1.14.3/lib/termcap/grot/termcap.texi 664 436 0 423713 5416304541 16431 0ustar chetwheel\input texinfo @c -*-texinfo-*- @setfilename termcap @settitle The Termcap Library @smallbook @ifinfo This file documents the termcap library of the GNU system. Copyright (C) 1988 Free Software Foundation, Inc. Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of this manual provided the copyright notice and this permission notice are preserved on all copies. @ignore Permission is granted to process this file through TeX and print the results, provided the printed document carries copying permission notice identical to this one except for the removal of this paragraph (this paragraph not being relevant to the printed manual). @end ignore Permission is granted to copy and distribute modified versions of this manual under the conditions for verbatim copying, provided that the entire resulting derived work is distributed under the terms of a permission notice identical to this one. Permission is granted to copy and distribute translations of this manual into another language, under the above conditions for modified versions, except that this permission notice may be stated in a translation approved by the Foundation. @end ifinfo @setchapternewpage odd @c @shorttitlepage The Termcap Manual @titlepage @ignore @sp 6 @center @titlefont{Termcap} @sp 1 @center The Termcap Library and Data Base @sp 4 @center Second Edition @sp 1 @center December 1992 @sp 5 @center Richard M. Stallman @sp 1 @center Free Software Foundation @end ignore @c Real title page @title The Termcap Manual @subtitle The Termcap Library and Data Base @subtitle Second Edition @subtitle December 1992 @author Richard M. Stallman @page @vskip 0pt plus 1filll Copyright @copyright{} 1988 Free Software Foundation, Inc. Published by the Free Software Foundation (675 Mass Ave, Cambridge MA 02139). Printed copies are available for $10 each. Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of this manual provided the copyright notice and this permission notice are preserved on all copies. Permission is granted to copy and distribute modified versions of this manual under the conditions for verbatim copying, provided that the entire resulting derived work is distributed under the terms of a permission notice identical to this one. Permission is granted to copy and distribute translations of this manual into another language, under the above conditions for modified versions, except that this permission notice may be stated in a translation approved by the Foundation. @sp 2 Cover art by Etienne Suvasa. @end titlepage @page @synindex vr fn @node Top, Introduction, (dir), (dir) @menu * Introduction:: What is termcap? Why this manual? * Library:: The termcap library functions. * Data Base:: What terminal descriptions in @file{/etc/termcap} look like. * Capabilities:: Definitions of the individual terminal capabilities: how to write them in descriptions, and how to use their values to do display updating. * Summary:: Brief table of capability names and their meanings. * Var Index:: Index of C functions and variables. * Cap Index:: Index of termcap capabilities. * Index:: Concept index. --- The Detailed Node Listing --- The Termcap Library * Preparation:: Preparing to use the termcap library. * Find:: Finding the description of the terminal being used. * Interrogate:: Interrogating the description for particular capabilities. * Initialize:: Initialization for output using termcap. * Padding:: Outputting padding. * Parameters:: Encoding parameters such as cursor positions. Padding * Why Pad:: Explanation of padding. * Not Enough:: When there is not enough padding. * Describe Padding:: The data base says how much padding a terminal needs. * Output Padding:: Using @code{tputs} to output the needed padding. Filling In Parameters * Encode Parameters:: The language for encoding parameters. * Using Parameters:: Outputting a string command with parameters. Sending Display Commands with Parameters * tparam:: The general case, for GNU termcap only. * tgoto:: The special case of cursor motion. The Format of the Data Base * Format:: Overall format of a terminal description. * Capability Format:: Format of capabilities within a description. * Naming:: Naming conventions for terminal types. * Inheriting:: Inheriting part of a description from a related terminal type. * Changing:: When changes in the data base take effect. Definitions of the Terminal Capabilities * Basic:: Basic characteristics. * Screen Size:: Screen size, and what happens when it changes. * Cursor Motion:: Various ways to move the cursor. * Wrapping:: What happens if you write a character in the last column. * Scrolling:: Pushing text up and down on the screen. * Windows:: Limiting the part of the window that output affects. * Clearing:: Erasing one or many lines. * Insdel Line:: Making new blank lines in mid-screen; deleting lines. * Insdel Char:: Inserting and deleting characters within a line. * Standout:: Highlighting some of the text. * Underlining:: Underlining some of the text. * Cursor Visibility:: Making the cursor more or less easy to spot. * Bell:: Attracts user's attention; not localized on the screen. * Keypad:: Recognizing when function keys or arrows are typed. * Meta Key:: @key{META} acts like an extra shift key. * Initialization:: Commands used to initialize or reset the terminal. * Pad Specs:: Info for the kernel on how much padding is needed. * Status Line:: A status line displays ``background'' information. * Half-Line:: Moving by half-lines, for superscripts and subscripts. * Printer:: Controlling auxiliary printers of display terminals. @end menu @node Introduction, Library, Top, Top @unnumbered Introduction @cindex termcap @dfn{Termcap} is a library and data base that enables programs to use display terminals in a terminal-independent manner. It originated in Berkeley Unix. The termcap data base describes the capabilities of hundreds of different display terminals in great detail. Some examples of the information recorded for a terminal could include how many columns wide it is, what string to send to move the cursor to an arbitrary position (including how to encode the row and column numbers), how to scroll the screen up one or several lines, and how much padding is needed for such a scrolling operation. The termcap library is provided for easy access this data base in programs that want to do terminal-independent character-based display output. This manual describes the GNU version of the termcap library, which has some extensions over the Unix version. All the extensions are identified as such, so this manual also tells you how to use the Unix termcap. The GNU version of the termcap library is available free as source code, for use in free programs, and runs on Unix and VMS systems (at least). You can find it in the GNU Emacs distribution in the files @file{termcap.c} and @file{tparam.c}. This manual was written for the GNU project, whose goal is to develop a complete free operating system upward-compatible with Unix for user programs. The project is approximately two thirds complete. For more information on the GNU project, including the GNU Emacs editor and the mostly-portable optimizing C compiler, send one dollar to @display Free Software Foundation 675 Mass Ave Cambridge, MA 02139 @end display @node Library, Data Base, Introduction, Top @chapter The Termcap Library The termcap library is the application programmer's interface to the termcap data base. It contains functions for the following purposes: @itemize @bullet @item Finding the description of the user's terminal type (@code{tgetent}). @item Interrogating the description for information on various topics (@code{tgetnum}, @code{tgetflag}, @code{tgetstr}). @item Computing and performing padding (@code{tputs}). @item Encoding numeric parameters such as cursor positions into the terminal-specific form required for display commands (@code{tparam}, @code{tgoto}). @end itemize @menu * Preparation:: Preparing to use the termcap library. * Find:: Finding the description of the terminal being used. * Interrogate:: Interrogating the description for particular capabilities. * Initialize:: Initialization for output using termcap. * Padding:: Outputting padding. * Parameters:: Encoding parameters such as cursor positions. @end menu @node Preparation, Find, , Library @section Preparing to Use the Termcap Library To use the termcap library in a program, you need two kinds of preparation: @itemize @bullet @item The compiler needs declarations of the functions and variables in the library. On GNU systems, it suffices to include the header file @file{termcap.h} in each source file that uses these functions and variables.@refill On Unix systems, there is often no such header file. Then you must explictly declare the variables as external. You can do likewise for the functions, or let them be implicitly declared and cast their values from type @code{int} to the appropriate type. We illustrate the declarations of the individual termcap library functions with ANSI C prototypes because they show how to pass the arguments. If you are not using the GNU C compiler, you probably cannot use function prototypes, so omit the argument types and names from your declarations. @item The linker needs to search the library. Usually either @samp{-ltermcap} or @samp{-ltermlib} as an argument when linking will do this.@refill @end itemize @node Find, Interrogate, Preparation, Library @section Finding a Terminal Description: @code{tgetent} @findex tgetent An application program that is going to use termcap must first look up the description of the terminal type in use. This is done by calling @code{tgetent}, whose declaration in ANSI Standard C looks like: @example int tgetent (char *@var{buffer}, char *@var{termtype}); @end example @noindent This function finds the description and remembers it internally so that you can interrogate it about specific terminal capabilities (@pxref{Interrogate}). The argument @var{termtype} is a string which is the name for the type of terminal to look up. Usually you would obtain this from the environment variable @code{TERM} using @code{getenv ("TERM")}. If you are using the GNU version of termcap, you can alternatively ask @code{tgetent} to allocate enough space. Pass a null pointer for @var{buffer}, and @code{tgetent} itself allocates the storage using @code{malloc}. In this case the returned value on success is the address of the storage, cast to @code{int}. But normally there is no need for you to look at the address. Do not free the storage yourself.@refill With the Unix version of termcap, you must allocate space for the description yourself and pass the address of the space as the argument @var{buffer}. There is no way you can tell how much space is needed, so the convention is to allocate a buffer 2048 characters long and assume that is enough. (Formerly the convention was to allocate 1024 characters and assume that was enough. But one day, for one kind of terminal, that was not enough.) No matter how the space to store the description has been obtained, termcap records its address internally for use when you later interrogate the description with @code{tgetnum}, @code{tgetstr} or @code{tgetflag}. If the buffer was allocated by termcap, it will be freed by termcap too if you call @code{tgetent} again. If the buffer was provided by you, you must make sure that its contents remain unchanged for as long as you still plan to interrogate the description.@refill The return value of @code{tgetent} is @minus{}1 if there is some difficulty accessing the data base of terminal types, 0 if the data base is accessible but the specified type is not defined in it, and some other value otherwise. Here is how you might use the function @code{tgetent}: @smallexample #ifdef unix static char term_buffer[2048]; #else #define term_buffer 0 #endif init_terminal_data () @{ char *termtype = getenv ("TERM"); int success; if (termtype == 0) fatal ("Specify a terminal type with `setenv TERM '.\n"); success = tgetent (term_buffer, termtype); if (success < 0) fatal ("Could not access the termcap data base.\n"); if (success == 0) fatal ("Terminal type `%s' is not defined.\n", termtype); @} @end smallexample @noindent Here we assume the function @code{fatal} prints an error message and exits. If the environment variable @code{TERMCAP} is defined, its value is used to override the terminal type data base. The function @code{tgetent} checks the value of @code{TERMCAP} automatically. If the value starts with @samp{/} then it is taken as a file name to use as the data base file, instead of @file{/etc/termcap} which is the standard data base. If the value does not start with @samp{/} then it is itself used as the terminal description, provided that the terminal type @var{termtype} is among the types it claims to apply to. @xref{Data Base}, for information on the format of a terminal description.@refill @node Interrogate, Initialize, Find, Library @section Interrogating the Terminal Description Each piece of information recorded in a terminal description is called a @dfn{capability}. Each defined terminal capability has a two-letter code name and a specific meaning. For example, the number of columns is named @samp{co}. @xref{Capabilities}, for definitions of all the standard capability names. Once you have found the proper terminal description with @code{tgetent} (@pxref{Find}), your application program must @dfn{interrogate} it for various terminal capabilities. You must specify the two-letter code of the capability whose value you seek. Capability values can be numeric, boolean (capability is either present or absent) or strings. Any particular capability always has the same value type; for example, @samp{co} always has a numeric value, while @samp{am} (automatic wrap at margin) is always a flag, and @samp{cm} (cursor motion command) always has a string value. The documentation of each capability says which type of value it has.@refill There are three functions to use to get the value of a capability, depending on the type of value the capability has. Here are their declarations in ANSI C: @findex tgetnum @findex tgetflag @findex tgetstr @example int tgetnum (char *@var{name}); int tgetflag (char *@var{name}); char *tgetstr (char *@var{name}, char **@var{area}); @end example @table @code @item tgetnum Use @code{tgetnum} to get a capability value that is numeric. The argument @var{name} is the two-letter code name of the capability. If the capability is present, @code{tgetnum} returns the numeric value (which is nonnegative). If the capability is not mentioned in the terminal description, @code{tgetnum} returns @minus{}1. @item tgetflag Use @code{tgetflag} to get a boolean value. If the capability @var{name} is present in the terminal description, @code{tgetflag} returns 1; otherwise, it returns 0. @item tgetstr Use @code{tgetstr} to get a string value. It returns a pointer to a string which is the capability value, or a null pointer if the capability is not present in the terminal description. There are two ways @code{tgetstr} can find space to store the string value: @itemize @bullet @item You can ask @code{tgetstr} to allocate the space. Pass a null pointer for the argument @var{area}, and @code{tgetstr} will use @code{malloc} to allocate storage big enough for the value. Termcap will never free this storage or refer to it again; you should free it when you are finished with it. This method is more robust, since there is no need to guess how much space is needed. But it is supported only by the GNU termcap library. @item You can provide the space. Provide for the argument @var{area} the address of a pointer variable of type @code{char *}. Before calling @code{tgetstr}, initialize the variable to point at available space. Then @code{tgetstr} will store the string value in that space and will increment the pointer variable to point after the space that has been used. You can use the same pointer variable for many calls to @code{tgetstr}. There is no way to determine how much space is needed for a single string, and no way for you to prevent or handle overflow of the area you have provided. However, you can be sure that the total size of all the string values you will obtain from the terminal description is no greater than the size of the description (unless you get the same capability twice). You can determine that size with @code{strlen} on the buffer you provided to @code{tgetent}. See below for an example. Providing the space yourself is the only method supported by the Unix version of termcap. @end itemize @end table Note that you do not have to specify a terminal type or terminal description for the interrogation functions. They automatically use the description found by the most recent call to @code{tgetent}. Here is an example of interrogating a terminal description for various capabilities, with conditionals to select between the Unix and GNU methods of providing buffer space. @example char *tgetstr (); char *cl_string, *cm_string; int height; int width; int auto_wrap; char PC; /* For tputs. */ char *BC; /* For tgoto. */ char *UP; interrogate_terminal () @{ #ifdef UNIX /* Here we assume that an explicit term_buffer was provided to tgetent. */ char *buffer = (char *) malloc (strlen (term_buffer)); #define BUFFADDR &buffer #else #define BUFFADDR 0 #endif char *temp; /* Extract information we will use. */ cl_string = tgetstr ("cl", BUFFADDR); cm_string = tgetstr ("cm", BUFFADDR); auto_wrap = tgetflag ("am"); height = tgetnum ("li"); width = tgetnum ("co"); /* Extract information that termcap functions use. */ temp = tgetstr ("pc", BUFFADDR); PC = temp ? *temp : 0; BC = tgetstr ("le", BUFFADDR); UP = tgetstr ("up", BUFFADDR); @} @end example @noindent @xref{Padding}, for information on the variable @code{PC}. @xref{Using Parameters}, for information on @code{UP} and @code{BC}. @node Initialize, Padding, Interrogate, Library @section Initialization for Use of Termcap @cindex terminal flags (kernel) Before starting to output commands to a terminal using termcap, an application program should do two things: @itemize @bullet @item Initialize various global variables which termcap library output functions refer to. These include @code{PC} and @code{ospeed} for padding (@pxref{Output Padding}) and @code{UP} and @code{BC} for cursor motion (@pxref{tgoto}).@refill @item Tell the kernel to turn off alteration and padding of horizontal-tab characters sent to the terminal. @end itemize To turn off output processing in Berkeley Unix you would use @code{ioctl} with code @code{TIOCLSET} to set the bit named @code{LLITOUT}, and clear the bits @code{ANYDELAY} using @code{TIOCSETN}. In POSIX or System V, you must clear the bit named @code{OPOST}. Refer to the system documentation for details.@refill If you do not set the terminal flags properly, some older terminals will not work. This is because their commands may contain the characters that normally signify newline, carriage return and horizontal tab---characters which the kernel thinks it ought to modify before output. When you change the kernel's terminal flags, you must arrange to restore them to their normal state when your program exits. This implies that the program must catch fatal signals such as @code{SIGQUIT} and @code{SIGINT} and restore the old terminal flags before actually terminating. Modern terminals' commands do not use these special characters, so if you do not care about problems with old terminals, you can leave the kernel's terminal flags unaltered. @node Padding, Parameters, Initialize, Library @section Padding @cindex padding @dfn{Padding} means outputting null characters following a terminal display command that takes a long time to execute. The terminal description says which commands require padding and how much; the function @code{tputs}, described below, outputs a terminal command while extracting from it the padding information, and then outputs the padding that is necessary. @menu * Why Pad:: Explanation of padding. * Not Enough:: When there is not enough padding. * Describe Padding:: The data base says how much padding a terminal needs. * Output Padding:: Using @code{tputs} to output the needed padding. @end menu @node Why Pad, Not Enough, , Padding @subsection Why Pad, and How Most types of terminal have commands that take longer to execute than they do to send over a high-speed line. For example, clearing the screen may take 20msec once the entire command is received. During that time, on a 9600 bps line, the terminal could receive about 20 additional output characters while still busy clearing the screen. Every terminal has a certain amount of buffering capacity to remember output characters that cannot be processed yet, but too many slow commands in a row can cause the buffer to fill up. Then any additional output that cannot be processed immediately will be lost. To avoid this problem, we normally follow each display command with enough useless charaters (usually null characters) to fill up the time that the display command needs to execute. This does the job if the terminal throws away null characters without using up space in the buffer (which most terminals do). If enough padding is used, no output can ever be lost. The right amount of padding avoids loss of output without slowing down operation, since the time used to transmit padding is time that nothing else could be done. The number of padding characters needed for an operation depends on the line speed. In fact, it is proportional to the line speed. A 9600 baud line transmits about one character per msec, so the clear screen command in the example above would need about 20 characters of padding. At 1200 baud, however, only about 3 characters of padding are needed to fill up 20msec. @node Not Enough, Describe Padding, Why Pad, Padding @subsection When There Is Not Enough Padding There are several common manifestations of insufficient padding. @itemize @bullet @item Emacs displays @samp{I-search: ^Q-} at the bottom of the screen. This means that the terminal thought its buffer was getting full of display commands, so it tried to tell the computer to stop sending any. @item The screen is garbled intermittently, or the details of garbling vary when you repeat the action. (A garbled screen could be due to a command which is simply incorrect, or to user option in the terminal which doesn't match the assumptions of the terminal description, but this usually leads to reproducible failure.) This means that the buffer did get full, and some commands were lost. Many changeable factors can change which ones are lost. @item Screen is garbled at high output speeds but not at low speeds. Padding problems nearly always go away at low speeds, usually even at 1200 baud. This means that a high enough speed permits commands to arrive faster than they can be executed. @end itemize Although any obscure command on an obscure terminal might lack padding, in practice problems arise most often from the clearing commands @samp{cl} and @samp{cd} (@pxref{Clearing}), the scrolling commands @samp{sf} and @samp{sr} (@pxref{Scrolling}), and the line insert/delete commands @samp{al} and @samp{dl} (@pxref{Insdel Line}). Occasionally the terminal description fails to define @samp{sf} and some programs will use @samp{do} instead, so you may get a problem with @samp{do}. If so, first define @samp{sf} just like @samp{do}, then add some padding to @samp{sf}. The best strategy is to add a lot of padding at first, perhaps 200 msec. This is much more than enough; in fact, it should cause a visible slowdown. (If you don't see a slowdown, the change has not taken effect; @pxref{Changing}.) If this makes the problem go away, you have found the right place to add padding; now reduce the amount until the problem comes back, then increase it again. If the problem remains, either it is in some other capability or it is not a matter of padding at all. Keep in mind that on many terminals the correct padding for insert/delete line or for scrolling is cursor-position dependent. If you get problems from scrolling a large region of the screen but not from scrolling a small part (just a few lines moving), it may mean that fixed padding should be replaced with position-dependent padding. @node Describe Padding, Output Padding, Not Enough, Padding @subsection Specifying Padding in a Terminal Description In the terminal description, the amount of padding required by each display command is recorded as a sequence of digits at the front of the command. These digits specify the padding time in milliseconds (msec). They can be followed optionally by a decimal point and one more digit, which is a number of tenths of msec. Sometimes the padding needed by a command depends on the cursor position. For example, the time taken by an ``insert line'' command is usually proportional to the number of lines that need to be moved down or cleared. An asterisk (@samp{*}) following the padding time says that the time should be multiplied by the number of screen lines affected by the command. @example :al=1.3*\E[L: @end example @noindent is used to describe the ``insert line'' command for a certain terminal. The padding required is 1.3 msec per line affected. The command itself is @samp{@key{ESC} [ L}. The padding time specified in this way tells @code{tputs} how many pad characters to output. @xref{Output Padding}. Two special capability values affect padding for all commands. These are the @samp{pc} and @samp{pb}. The variable @samp{pc} specifies the character to pad with, and @samp{pb} the speed below which no padding is needed. The defaults for these variables, a null character and 0, are correct for most terminals. @xref{Pad Specs}. @node Output Padding, , Describe Padding, Padding @subsection Performing Padding with @code{tputs} @cindex line speed @findex tputs Use the termcap function @code{tputs} to output a string containing an optional padding spec of the form described above (@pxref{Describe Padding}). The function @code{tputs} strips off and decodes the padding spec, outputs the rest of the string, and then outputs the appropriate padding. Here is its declaration in ANSI C: @example char PC; short ospeed; int tputs (char *@var{string}, int @var{nlines}, int (*@var{outfun}) ()); @end example Here @var{string} is the string (including padding spec) to be output; @var{nlines} is the number of lines affected by the operation, which is used to multiply the amount of padding if the padding spec ends with a @samp{*}. Finally, @var{outfun} is a function (such as @code{fputchar}) that is called to output each character. When actually called, @var{outfun} should expect one argument, a character. @vindex ospeed @vindex PC The operation of @code{tputs} is controlled by two global variables, @code{ospeed} and @code{PC}. The value of @code{ospeed} is supposed to be the terminal output speed, encoded as in the @code{ioctl} system call which gets the speed information. This is needed to compute the number of padding characters. The value of @code{PC} is the character used for padding. You are responsible for storing suitable values into these variables before using @code{tputs}. The value stored into the @code{PC} variable should be taken from the @samp{pc} capability in the terminal description (@pxref{Pad Specs}). Store zero in @code{PC} if there is no @samp{pc} capability.@refill The argument @var{nlines} requires some thought. Normally, it should be the number of lines whose contents will be cleared or moved by the command. For cursor motion commands, or commands that do editing within one line, use the value 1. For most commands that affect multiple lines, such as @samp{al} (insert a line) and @samp{cd} (clear from the cursor to the end of the screen), @var{nlines} should be the screen height minus the current vertical position (origin 0). For multiple insert and scroll commands such as @samp{AL} (insert multiple lines), that same value for @var{nlines} is correct; the number of lines being inserted is @i{not} correct.@refill If a ``scroll window'' feature is used to reduce the number of lines affected by a command, the value of @var{nlines} should take this into account. This is because the delay time required depends on how much work the terminal has to do, and the scroll window feature reduces the work. @xref{Scrolling}. Commands such as @samp{ic} and @samp{dc} (insert or delete characters) are problematical because the padding needed by these commands is proportional to the number of characters affected, which is the number of columns from the cursor to the end of the line. It would be nice to have a way to specify such a dependence, and there is no need for dependence on vertical position in these commands, so it is an obvious idea to say that for these commands @var{nlines} should really be the number of columns affected. However, the definition of termcap clearly says that @var{nlines} is always the number of lines affected, even in this case, where it is always 1. It is not easy to change this rule now, because too many programs and terminal descriptions have been written to follow it. Because @var{nlines} is always 1 for the @samp{ic} and @samp{dc} strings, there is no reason for them to use @samp{*}, but some of them do. These should be corrected by deleting the @samp{*}. If, some day, such entries have disappeared, it may be possible to change to a more useful convention for the @var{nlines} argument for these operations without breaking any programs. @node Parameters, , Padding, Library @section Filling In Parameters @cindex parameters Some terminal control strings require numeric @dfn{parameters}. For example, when you move the cursor, you need to say what horizontal and vertical positions to move it to. The value of the terminal's @samp{cm} capability, which says how to move the cursor, cannot simply be a string of characters; it must say how to express the cursor position numbers and where to put them within the command. The specifications of termcap include conventions as to which string-valued capabilities require parameters, how many parameters, and what the parameters mean; for example, it defines the @samp{cm} string to take two parameters, the vertical and horizontal positions, with 0,0 being the upper left corner. These conventions are described where the individual commands are documented. Termcap also defines a language used within the capability definition for specifying how and where to encode the parameters for output. This language uses character sequences starting with @samp{%}. (This is the same idea as @code{printf}, but the details are different.) The language for parameter encoding is described in this section. A program that is doing display output calls the functions @code{tparam} or @code{tgoto} to encode parameters according to the specifications. These functions produce a string containing the actual commands to be output (as well a padding spec which must be processed with @code{tputs}; @pxref{Padding}). @menu * Encode Parameters:: The language for encoding parameters. * Using Parameters:: Outputting a string command with parameters. @end menu @node Encode Parameters, Using Parameters, , Parameters @subsection Describing the Encoding @cindex % A terminal command string that requires parameters contains special character sequences starting with @samp{%} to say how to encode the parameters. These sequences control the actions of @code{tparam} and @code{tgoto}. The parameters values passed to @code{tparam} or @code{tgoto} are considered to form a vector. A pointer into this vector determines the next parameter to be processed. Some of the @samp{%}-sequences encode one parameter and advance the pointer to the next parameter. Other @samp{%}-sequences alter the pointer or alter the parameter values without generating output. For example, the @samp{cm} string for a standard ANSI terminal is written as @samp{\E[%i%d;%dH}. (@samp{\E} stands for @key{ESC}.) @samp{cm} by convention always requires two parameters, the vertical and horizontal goal positions, so this string specifies the encoding of two parameters. Here @samp{%i} increments the two values supplied, and each @samp{%d} encodes one of the values in decimal. If the cursor position values 20,58 are encoded with this string, the result is @samp{\E[21;59H}. First, here are the @samp{%}-sequences that generate output. Except for @samp{%%}, each of them encodes one parameter and advances the pointer to the following parameter. @table @samp @item %% Output a single @samp{%}. This is the only way to represent a literal @samp{%} in a terminal command with parameters. @samp{%%} does not use up a parameter. @item %d As in @code{printf}, output the next parameter in decimal. @item %2 Like @samp{%02d} in @code{printf}: output the next parameter in decimal, and always use at least two digits. @item %3 Like @samp{%03d} in @code{printf}: output the next parameter in decimal, and always use at least three digits. Note that @samp{%4} and so on are @emph{not} defined. @item %. Output the next parameter as a single character whose ASCII code is the parameter value. Like @samp{%c} in @code{printf}. @item %+@var{char} Add the next parameter to the character @var{char}, and output the resulting character. For example, @samp{%+ } represents 0 as a space, 1 as @samp{!}, etc. @end table The following @samp{%}-sequences specify alteration of the parameters (their values, or their order) rather than encoding a parameter for output. They generate no output; they are used only for their side effects on the parameters. Also, they do not advance the ``next parameter'' pointer except as explicitly stated. Only @samp{%i}, @samp{%r} and @samp{%>} are defined in standard Unix termcap. The others are GNU extensions.@refill @table @samp @item %i Increment the next two parameters. This is used for terminals that expect cursor positions in origin 1. For example, @samp{%i%d,%d} would output two parameters with @samp{1} for 0, @samp{2} for 1, etc. @item %r Interchange the next two parameters. This is used for terminals whose cursor positioning command expects the horizontal position first. @item %s Skip the next parameter. Do not output anything. @item %b Back up one parameter. The last parameter used will become once again the next parameter to be output, and the next output command will use it. Using @samp{%b} more than once, you can back up any number of parameters, and you can refer to each parameter any number of times. @item %>@var{c1}@var{c2} Conditionally increment the next parameter. Here @var{c1} and @var{c2} are characters which stand for their ASCII codes as numbers. If the next parameter is greater than the ASCII code of @var{c1}, the ASCII code of @var{c2} is added to it.@refill @item %a @var{op} @var{type} @var{pos} Perform arithmetic on the next parameter, do not use it up, and do not output anything. Here @var{op} specifies the arithmetic operation, while @var{type} and @var{pos} together specify the other operand. Spaces are used above to separate the operands for clarity; the spaces don't appear in the data base, where this sequence is exactly five characters long. The character @var{op} says what kind of arithmetic operation to perform. It can be any of these characters: @table @samp @item = assign a value to the next parameter, ignoring its old value. The new value comes from the other operand. @item + add the other operand to the next parameter. @item - subtract the other operand from the next parameter. @item * multiply the next parameter by the other operand. @item / divide the next parameter by the other operand. @end table The ``other operand'' may be another parameter's value or a constant; the character @var{type} says which. It can be: @table @samp @item p Use another parameter. The character @var{pos} says which parameter to use. Subtract 64 from its ASCII code to get the position of the desired parameter relative to this one. Thus, the character @samp{A} as @var{pos} means the parameter after the next one; the character @samp{?} means the parameter before the next one. @item c Use a constant value. The character @var{pos} specifies the value of the constant. The 0200 bit is cleared out, so that 0200 can be used to represent zero. @end table @end table The following @samp{%}-sequences are special purpose hacks to compensate for the weird designs of obscure terminals. They modify the next parameter or the next two parameters but do not generate output and do not use up any parameters. @samp{%m} is a GNU extension; the others are defined in standard Unix termcap. @table @samp @item %n Exclusive-or the next parameter with 0140, and likewise the parameter after next. @item %m Complement all the bits of the next parameter and the parameter after next. @item %B Encode the next parameter in BCD. It alters the value of the parameter by adding six times the quotient of the parameter by ten. Here is a C statement that shows how the new value is computed: @example @var{parm} = (@var{parm} / 10) * 16 + @var{parm} % 10; @end example @item %D Transform the next parameter as needed by Delta Data terminals. This involves subtracting twice the remainder of the parameter by 16. @example @var{parm} -= 2 * (@var{parm} % 16); @end example @end table @node Using Parameters, , Encode Parameters, Parameters @subsection Sending Display Commands with Parameters The termcap library functions @code{tparam} and @code{tgoto} serve as the analog of @code{printf} for terminal string parameters. The newer function @code{tparam} is a GNU extension, more general but missing from Unix termcap. The original parameter-encoding function is @code{tgoto}, which is preferable for cursor motion. @menu * tparam:: The general case, for GNU termcap only. * tgoto:: The special case of cursor motion. @end menu @node tparam, tgoto, , Using Parameters @subsubsection @code{tparam} @findex tparam The function @code{tparam} can encode display commands with any number of parameters and allows you to specify the buffer space. It is the preferred function for encoding parameters for all but the @samp{cm} capability. Its ANSI C declaration is as follows: @smallexample char *tparam (char *@var{ctlstring}, char *@var{buffer}, int @var{size}, int @var{parm1},...) @end smallexample The arguments are a control string @var{ctlstring} (the value of a terminal capability, presumably), an output buffer @var{buffer} and @var{size}, and any number of integer parameters to be encoded. The effect of @code{tparam} is to copy the control string into the buffer, encoding parameters according to the @samp{%} sequences in the control string. You describe the output buffer by its address, @var{buffer}, and its size in bytes, @var{size}. If the buffer is not big enough for the data to be stored in it, @code{tparam} calls @code{malloc} to get a larger buffer. In either case, @code{tparam} returns the address of the buffer it ultimately uses. If the value equals @var{buffer}, your original buffer was used. Otherwise, a new buffer was allocated, and you must free it after you are done with printing the results. If you pass zero for @var{size} and @var{buffer}, @code{tparam} always allocates the space with @code{malloc}. All capabilities that require parameters also have the ability to specify padding, so you should use @code{tputs} to output the string produced by @code{tparam}. @xref{Padding}. Here is an example. @example @{ char *buf; char buffer[40]; buf = tparam (command, buffer, 40, parm); tputs (buf, 1, fputchar); if (buf != buffer) free (buf); @} @end example If a parameter whose value is zero is encoded with @samp{%.}-style encoding, the result is a null character, which will confuse @code{tputs}. This would be a serious problem, but luckily @samp{%.} encoding is used only by a few old models of terminal, and only for the @samp{cm} capability. To solve the problem, use @code{tgoto} rather than @code{tparam} to encode the @samp{cm} capability.@refill @node tgoto, , tparam, Using Parameters @subsubsection @code{tgoto} @findex tgoto The special case of cursor motion is handled by @code{tgoto}. There are two reasons why you might choose to use @code{tgoto}: @itemize @bullet @item For Unix compatibility, because Unix termcap does not have @code{tparam}. @item For the @samp{cm} capability, since @code{tgoto} has a special feature to avoid problems with null characters, tabs and newlines on certain old terminal types that use @samp{%.} encoding for that capability. @end itemize Here is how @code{tgoto} might be declared in ANSI C: @example char *tgoto (char *@var{cstring}, int @var{hpos}, int @var{vpos}) @end example There are three arguments, the terminal description's @samp{cm} string and the two cursor position numbers; @code{tgoto} computes the parametrized string in an internal static buffer and returns the address of that buffer. The next time you use @code{tgoto} the same buffer will be reused. @vindex UP @vindex BC Parameters encoded with @samp{%.} encoding can generate null characters, tabs or newlines. These might cause trouble: the null character because @code{tputs} would think that was the end of the string, the tab because the kernel or other software might expand it into spaces, and the newline becaue the kernel might add a carriage-return, or padding characters normally used for a newline. To prevent such problems, @code{tgoto} is careful to avoid these characters. Here is how this works: if the target cursor position value is such as to cause a problem (that is to say, zero, nine or ten), @code{tgoto} increments it by one, then compensates by appending a string to move the cursor back or up one position. The compensation strings to use for moving back or up are found in global variables named @code{BC} and @code{UP}. These are actual external C variables with upper case names; they are declared @code{char *}. It is up to you to store suitable values in them, normally obtained from the @samp{le} and @samp{up} terminal capabilities in the terminal description with @code{tgetstr}. Alternatively, if these two variables are both zero, the feature of avoiding nulls, tabs and newlines is turned off. It is safe to use @code{tgoto} for commands other than @samp{cm} only if you have stored zero in @code{BC} and @code{UP}. Note that @code{tgoto} reverses the order of its operands: the horizontal position comes before the vertical position in the arguments to @code{tgoto}, even though the vertical position comes before the horizontal in the parameters of the @samp{cm} string. If you use @code{tgoto} with a command such as @samp{AL} that takes one parameter, you must pass the parameter to @code{tgoto} as the ``vertical position''.@refill @node Data Base, Capabilities, Library, Top @chapter The Format of the Data Base The termcap data base of terminal descriptions is stored in the file @file{/etc/termcap}. It contains terminal descriptions, blank lines, and comments. A terminal description starts with one or more names for the terminal type. The information in the description is a series of @dfn{capability names} and values. The capability names have standard meanings (@pxref{Capabilities}) and their values describe the terminal. @menu * Format:: Overall format of a terminal description. * Capability Format:: Format of capabilities within a description. * Naming:: Naming conventions for terminal types. * Inheriting:: Inheriting part of a description from a related terminal type. * Changing:: When changes in the data base take effect. @end menu @node Format, Capability Format, , Data Base @section Terminal Description Format @cindex description format Aside from comments (lines starting with @samp{#}, which are ignored), each nonblank line in the termcap data base is a terminal description. A terminal description is nominally a single line, but it can be split into multiple lines by inserting the two characters @samp{\ newline}. This sequence is ignored wherever it appears in a description. The preferred way to split the description is between capabilities: insert the four characters @samp{: \ newline tab} immediately before any colon. This allows each sub-line to start with some indentation. This works because, after the @samp{\ newline} are ignored, the result is @samp{: tab :}; the first colon ends the preceding capability and the second colon starts the next capability. If you split with @samp{\ newline} alone, you may not add any indentation after them. Here is a real example of a terminal description: @example dw|vt52|DEC vt52:\ :cr=^M:do=^J:nl=^J:bl=^G:\ :le=^H:bs:cd=\EJ:ce=\EK:cl=\EH\EJ:\ :cm=\EY%+ %+ :co#80:li#24:\ :nd=\EC:ta=^I:pt:sr=\EI:up=\EA:\ :ku=\EA:kd=\EB:kr=\EC:kl=\ED:kb=^H: @end example Each terminal description begins with several names for the terminal type. The names are separated by @samp{|} characters, and a colon ends the last name. The first name should be two characters long; it exists only for the sake of very old Unix systems and is never used in modern systems. The last name should be a fully verbose name such as ``DEC vt52'' or ``Ann Arbor Ambassador with 48 lines''. The other names should include whatever the user ought to be able to specify to get this terminal type, such as @samp{vt52} or @samp{aaa-48}. @xref{Naming}, for information on how to choose terminal type names. After the terminal type names come the terminal capabilities, separated by colons and with a colon after the last one. Each capability has a two-letter name, such as @samp{cm} for ``cursor motion string'' or @samp{li} for ``number of display lines''. @node Capability Format, Naming, Format, Data Base @section Writing the Capabilities There are three kinds of capabilities: flags, numbers, and strings. Each kind has its own way of being written in the description. Each defined capability has by convention a particular kind of value; for example, @samp{li} always has a numeric value and @samp{cm} always a string value. A flag capability is thought of as having a boolean value: the value is true if the capability is present, false if not. When the capability is present, just write its name between two colons. A numeric capability has a value which is a nonnegative number. Write the capability name, a @samp{#}, and the number, between two colons. For example, @samp{@dots{}:li#48:@dots{}} is how you specify the @samp{li} capability for 48 lines.@refill A string-valued capability has a value which is a sequence of characters. Usually these are the characters used to perform some display operation. Write the capability name, a @samp{=}, and the characters of the value, between two colons. For example, @samp{@dots{}:cm=\E[%i%d;%dH:@dots{}} is how the cursor motion command for a standard ANSI terminal would be specified.@refill Special characters in the string value can be expressed using @samp{\}-escape sequences as in C; in addition, @samp{\E} stands for @key{ESC}. @samp{^} is also a kind of escape character; @samp{^} followed by @var{char} stands for the control-equivalent of @var{char}. Thus, @samp{^a} stands for the character control-a, just like @samp{\001}. @samp{\} and @samp{^} themselves can be represented as @samp{\\} and @samp{\^}.@refill To include a colon in the string, you must write @samp{\072}. You might ask, ``Why can't @samp{\:} be used to represent a colon?'' The reason is that the interrogation functions do not count slashes while looking for a capability. Even if @samp{:ce=ab\:cd:} were interpreted as giving the @samp{ce} capability the value @samp{ab:cd}, it would also appear to define @samp{cd} as a flag. The string value will often contain digits at the front to specify padding (@pxref{Padding}) and/or @samp{%}-sequences within to specify how to encode parameters (@pxref{Parameters}). Although these things are not to be output literally to the terminal, they are considered part of the value of the capability. They are special only when the string value is processed by @code{tputs}, @code{tparam} or @code{tgoto}. By contrast, @samp{\} and @samp{^} are considered part of the syntax for specifying the characters in the string. Let's look at the VT52 example again: @example dw|vt52|DEC vt52:\ :cr=^M:do=^J:nl=^J:bl=^G:\ :le=^H:bs:cd=\EJ:ce=\EK:cl=\EH\EJ:\ :cm=\EY%+ %+ :co#80:li#24:\ :nd=\EC:ta=^I:pt:sr=\EI:up=\EA:\ :ku=\EA:kd=\EB:kr=\EC:kl=\ED:kb=^H: @end example Here we see the numeric-valued capabilities @samp{co} and @samp{li}, the flags @samp{bs} and @samp{pt}, and many string-valued capabilities. Most of the strings start with @key{ESC} represented as @samp{\E}. The rest contain control characters represented using @samp{^}. The meanings of the individual capabilities are defined elsewhere (@pxref{Capabilities}). @node Naming, Inheriting, Capability Format, Data Base @section Terminal Type Name Conventions @cindex names of terminal types There are conventions for choosing names of terminal types. For one thing, all letters should be in lower case. The terminal type for a terminal in its most usual or most fundamental mode of operation should not have a hyphen in it. If the same terminal has other modes of operation which require different terminal descriptions, these variant descriptions are given names made by adding suffixes with hyphens. Such alternate descriptions are used for two reasons: @itemize @bullet @item When the terminal has a switch that changes its behavior. Since the computer cannot tell how the switch is set, the user must tell the computer by choosing the appropriate terminal type name. @cindex wrapping For example, the VT-100 has a setup flag that controls whether the cursor wraps at the right margin. If this flag is set to ``wrap'', you must use the terminal type @samp{vt100-am}. Otherwise you must use @samp{vt100-nam}. Plain @samp{vt100} is defined as a synonym for either @samp{vt100-am} or @samp{vt100-nam} depending on the preferences of the local site.@refill The standard suffix @samp{-am} stands for ``automatic margins''. @item To give the user a choice in how to use the terminal. This is done when the terminal has a switch that the computer normally controls. @cindex screen size For example, the Ann Arbor Ambassador can be configured with many screen sizes ranging from 20 to 60 lines. Fewer lines make bigger characters but more lines let you see more of what you are editing. As a result, users have different preferences. Therefore, termcap provides terminal types for many screen sizes. If you choose type @samp{aaa-30}, the terminal will be configured to use 30 lines; if you choose @samp{aaa-48}, 48 lines will be used, and so on. @end itemize Here is a list of standard suffixes and their conventional meanings: @table @samp @item -w Short for ``wide''. This is a mode that gives the terminal more columns than usual. This is normally a user option. @item -am ``Automatic margins''. This is an alternate description for use when the terminal's margin-wrap switch is on; it contains the @samp{am} flag. The implication is that normally the switch is off and the usual description for the terminal says that the switch is off. @item -nam ``No automatic margins''. The opposite of @samp{-am}, this names an alternative description which lacks the @samp{am} flag. This implies that the terminal is normally operated with the margin-wrap switch turned on, and the normal description of the terminal says so. @item -na ``No arrows''. This terminal description initializes the terminal to keep its arrow keys in local mode. This is a user option. @item -rv ``Reverse video''. This terminal description causes text output for normal video to appear as reverse, and text output for reverse video to come out as normal. Often this description differs from the usual one by interchanging the two strings which turn reverse video on and off.@refill This is a user option; you can choose either the ``reverse video'' variant terminal type or the normal terminal type, and termcap will obey. @item -s ``Status''. Says to enable use of a status line which ordinary output does not touch (@pxref{Status Line}). Some terminals have a special line that is used only as a status line. For these terminals, there is no need for an @samp{-s} variant; the status line commands should be defined by default. On other terminals, enabling a status line means removing one screen line from ordinary use and reducing the effective screen height. For these terminals, the user can choose the @samp{-s} variant type to request use of a status line. @item -@var{nlines} Says to operate with @var{nlines} lines on the screen, for terminals such as the Ambassador which provide this as an option. Normally this is a user option; by choosing the terminal type, you control how many lines termcap will use. @item -@var{npages}p Says that the terminal has @var{npages} pages worth of screen memory, for terminals where this is a hardware option. @item -unk Says that description is not for direct use, but only for reference in @samp{tc} capabilities. Such a description is a kind of subroutine, because it describes the common characteristics of several variant descriptions that would use other suffixes in place of @samp{-unk}. @end table @node Inheriting, Changing, Naming, Data Base @section Inheriting from Related Descriptions @cindex inheritance When two terminal descriptions are similar, their identical parts do not need to be given twice. Instead, one of the two can be defined in terms of the other, using the @samp{tc} capability. We say that one description @dfn{refers to} the other, or @dfn{inherits from} the other. The @samp{tc} capability must be the last one in the terminal description, and its value is a string which is the name of another terminal type which is referred to. For example, @example N9|aaa|ambassador|aaa-30|ann arbor ambassador/30 lines:\ :ti=\E[2J\E[30;0;0;30p:\ :te=\E[60;0;0;30p\E[30;1H\E[J:\ :li#30:tc=aaa-unk: @end example @noindent defines the terminal type @samp{aaa-30} (also known as plain @samp{aaa}) in terms of @samp{aaa-unk}, which defines everything about the Ambassador that is independent of screen height. The types @samp{aaa-36}, @samp{aaa-48} and so on for other screen heights are likewise defined to inherit from @samp{aaa-unk}. The capabilities overridden by @samp{aaa-30} include @samp{li}, which says how many lines there are, and @samp{ti} and @samp{te}, which configure the terminal to use that many lines. The effective terminal description for type @samp{aaa} consists of the text shown above followed by the text of the description of @samp{aaa-unk}. The @samp{tc} capability is handled automatically by @code{tgetent}, which finds the description thus referenced and combines the two descriptions (@pxref{Find}). Therefore, only the implementor of the terminal descriptions needs to think about using @samp{tc}. Users and application programmers do not need to be concerned with it. Since the reference terminal description is used last, capabilities specified in the referring description override any specifications of the same capabilities in the reference description. The referring description can cancel out a capability without specifying any new value for it by means of a special trick. Write the capability in the referring description, with the character @samp{@@} after the capability name, as follows: @smallexample NZ|aaa-30-nam|ann arbor ambassador/30 lines/no automatic-margins:\ :am@@:tc=aaa-30: @end smallexample @node Changing, , Inheriting, Data Base @section When Changes in the Data Base Take Effect Each application program must read the terminal description from the data base, so a change in the data base is effective for all jobs started after the change is made. The change will usually have no effect on a job that have been in existence since before the change. The program probably read the terminal description once, when it was started, and is continuing to use what it read then. If the program does not have a feature for reexamining the data base, then you will need to run it again (probably killing the old job). If the description in use is coming from the @code{TERMCAP} environment variable, then the data base file is effectively overridden, and changes in it will have no effect until you change the @code{TERMCAP} variable as well. For example, some users' @file{.login} files automatically copy the terminal description into @code{TERMCAP} to speed startup of applications. If you have done this, you will need to change the @code{TERMCAP} variable to make the changed data base take effect. @node Capabilities, Summary, Data Base, Top @chapter Definitions of the Terminal Capabilities This section is divided into many subsections, each for one aspect of use of display terminals. For writing a display program, you usually need only check the subsections for the operations you want to use. For writing a terminal description, you must read each subsection and fill in the capabilities described there. String capabilities that are display commands may require numeric parameters (@pxref{Parameters}). Most such capabilities do not use parameters. When a capability requires parameters, this is explicitly stated at the beginning of its definition. In simple cases, the first or second sentence of the definition mentions all the parameters, in the order they should be given, using a name @iftex in italics @end iftex @ifinfo in upper case @end ifinfo for each one. For example, the @samp{rp} capability is a command that requires two parameters; its definition begins as follows: @quotation String of commands to output a graphic character @var{c}, repeated @var{n} times. @end quotation In complex cases or when there are many parameters, they are described explicitly. When a capability is described as obsolete, this means that programs should not be written to look for it, but terminal descriptions should still be written to provide it. When a capability is described as very obsolete, this means that it should be omitted from terminal descriptions as well. @menu * Basic:: Basic characteristics. * Screen Size:: Screen size, and what happens when it changes. * Cursor Motion:: Various ways to move the cursor. * Wrapping:: What happens if you write a character in the last column. * Scrolling:: Pushing text up and down on the screen. * Windows:: Limiting the part of the window that output affects. * Clearing:: Erasing one or many lines. * Insdel Line:: Making new blank lines in mid-screen; deleting lines. * Insdel Char:: Inserting and deleting characters within a line. * Standout:: Highlighting some of the text. * Underlining:: Underlining some of the text. * Cursor Visibility:: Making the cursor more or less easy to spot. * Bell:: Attracts user's attention; not localized on the screen. * Keypad:: Recognizing when function keys or arrows are typed. * Meta Key:: @key{META} acts like an extra shift key. * Initialization:: Commands used to initialize or reset the terminal. * Pad Specs:: Info for the kernel on how much padding is needed. * Status Line:: A status line displays ``background'' information. * Half-Line:: Moving by half-lines, for superscripts and subscripts. * Printer:: Controlling auxiliary printers of display terminals. @end menu @node Basic, Screen Size, , Capabilities @section Basic Characteristics This section documents the capabilities that describe the basic and nature of the terminal, and also those that are relevant to the output of graphic characters. @table @samp @item os @kindex os @cindex overstrike Flag whose presence means that the terminal can overstrike. This means that outputting a graphic character does not erase whatever was present in the same character position before. The terminals that can overstrike include printing terminals, storage tubes (all obsolete nowadays), and many bit-map displays. @item eo @kindex eo Flag whose presence means that outputting a space erases a character position even if the terminal supports overstriking. If this flag is not present and overstriking is supported, output of a space has no effect except to move the cursor. (On terminals that do not support overstriking, you can always assume that outputting a space at a position erases whatever character was previously displayed there.) @item gn @kindex gn @cindex generic terminal type Flag whose presence means that this terminal type is a generic type which does not really describe any particular terminal. Generic types are intended for use as the default type assigned when the user connects to the system, with the intention that the user should specify what type he really has. One example of a generic type is the type @samp{network}. Since the generic type cannot say how to do anything interesting with the terminal, termcap-using programs will always find that the terminal is too weak to be supported if the user has failed to specify a real terminal type in place of the generic one. The @samp{gn} flag directs these programs to use a different error message: ``You have not specified your real terminal type'', rather than ``Your terminal is not powerful enough to be used''. @item hc @kindex hc Flag whose presence means this is a hardcopy terminal. @item rp @kindex rp @cindex repeat output String of commands to output a graphic character @var{c}, repeated @var{n} times. The first parameter value is the ASCII code for the desired character, and the second parameter is the number of times to repeat the character. Often this command requires padding proportional to the number of times the character is repeated. This effect can be had by using parameter arithmetic with @samp{%}-sequences to compute the amount of padding, then generating the result as a number at the front of the string so that @code{tputs} will treat it as padding. @item hz @kindex hz Flag whose presence means that the ASCII character @samp{~} cannot be output on this terminal because it is used for display commands. Programs handle this flag by checking all text to be output and replacing each @samp{~} with some other character(s). If this is not done, the screen will be thoroughly garbled. The old Hazeltine terminals that required such treatment are probably very rare today, so you might as well not bother to support this flag. @item CC @kindex CC @cindex command character String whose presence means the terminal has a settable command character. The value of the string is the default command character (which is usually @key{ESC}). All the strings of commands in the terminal description should be written to use the default command character. If you are writing an application program that changes the command character, use the @samp{CC} capability to figure out how to translate all the display commands to work with the new command character. Most programs have no reason to look at the @samp{CC} capability. @item xb @kindex xb @cindex Superbee Flag whose presence identifies Superbee terminals which are unable to transmit the characters @key{ESC} and @kbd{Control-C}. Programs which support this flag are supposed to check the input for the code sequences sent by the @key{F1} and @key{F2} keys, and pretend that @key{ESC} or @kbd{Control-C} (respectively) had been read. But this flag is obsolete, and not worth supporting. @end table @node Screen Size, Cursor Motion, Basic, Capabilities @section Screen Size @cindex screen size A terminal description has two capabilities, @samp{co} and @samp{li}, that describe the screen size in columns and lines. But there is more to the question of screen size than this. On some operating systems the ``screen'' is really a window and the effective width can vary. On some of these systems, @code{tgetnum} uses the actual width of the window to decide what value to return for the @samp{co} capability, overriding what is actually written in the terminal description. On other systems, it is up to the application program to check the actual window width using a system call. For example, on BSD 4.3 systems, the system call @code{ioctl} with code @code{TIOCGWINSZ} will tell you the current screen size. On all window systems, termcap is powerless to advise the application program if the user resizes the window. Application programs must deal with this possibility in a system-dependent fashion. On some systems the C shell handles part of the problem by detecting changes in window size and setting the @code{TERMCAP} environment variable appropriately. This takes care of application programs that are started subsequently. It does not help application programs already running. On some systems, including BSD 4.3, all programs using a terminal get a signal named @code{SIGWINCH} whenever the screen size changes. Programs that use termcap should handle this signal by using @code{ioctl TIOCGWINSZ} to learn the new screen size. @table @samp @item co @kindex co @cindex screen size Numeric value, the width of the screen in character positions. Even hardcopy terminals normally have a @samp{co} capability. @item li @kindex li Numeric value, the height of the screen in lines. @end table @node Cursor Motion, Wrapping, Screen Size, Capabilities @section Cursor Motion @cindex cursor motion Termcap assumes that the terminal has a @dfn{cursor}, a spot on the screen where a visible mark is displayed, and that most display commands take effect at the position of the cursor. It follows that moving the cursor to a specified location is very important. There are many terminal capabilities for different cursor motion operations. A terminal description should define as many as possible, but most programs do not need to use most of them. One capability, @samp{cm}, moves the cursor to an arbitrary place on the screen; this by itself is sufficient for any application as long as there is no need to support hardcopy terminals or certain old, weak displays that have only relative motion commands. Use of other cursor motion capabilities is an optimization, enabling the program to output fewer characters in some common cases. If you plan to use the relative cursor motion commands in an application program, you must know what the starting cursor position is. To do this, you must keep track of the cursor position and update the records each time anything is output to the terminal, including graphic characters. In addition, it is necessary to know whether the terminal wraps after writing in the rightmost column. @xref{Wrapping}. One other motion capability needs special mention: @samp{nw} moves the cursor to the beginning of the following line, perhaps clearing all the starting line after the cursor, or perhaps not clearing at all. This capability is a least common denominator that is probably supported even by terminals that cannot do most other things such as @samp{cm} or @samp{do}. Even hardcopy terminals can support @samp{nw}. @table @asis @item @samp{cm} @kindex cm String of commands to position the cursor at line @var{l}, column @var{c}. Both parameters are origin-zero, and are defined relative to the screen, not relative to display memory. All display terminals except a few very obsolete ones support @samp{cm}, so it is acceptable for an application program to refuse to operate on terminals lacking @samp{cm}. @item @samp{ho} @kindex ho @cindex home position String of commands to move the cursor to the upper left corner of the screen (this position is called the @dfn{home position}). In terminals where the upper left corner of the screen is not the same as the beginning of display memory, this command must go to the upper left corner of the screen, not the beginning of display memory. Every display terminal supports this capability, and many application programs refuse to operate if the @samp{ho} capability is missing. @item @samp{ll} @kindex ll String of commands to move the cursor to the lower left corner of the screen. On some terminals, moving up from home position does this, but programs should never assume that will work. Just output the @samp{ll} string (if it is provided); if moving to home position and then moving up is the best way to get there, the @samp{ll} command will do that. @item @samp{cr} @kindex cr String of commands to move the cursor to the beginning of the line it is on. If this capability is not specified, many programs assume they can use the ASCII carriage return character for this. @item @samp{le} @kindex le String of commands to move the cursor left one column. Unless the @samp{bw} flag capability is specified, the effect is undefined if the cursor is at the left margin; do not use this command there. If @samp{bw} is present, this command may be used at the left margin, and it wraps the cursor to the last column of the preceding line. @item @samp{nd} @kindex nd String of commands to move the cursor right one column. The effect is undefined if the cursor is at the right margin; do not use this command there, not even if @samp{am} is present. @item @samp{up} @kindex up String of commands to move the cursor vertically up one line. The effect of sending this string when on the top line is undefined; programs should never use it that way. @item @samp{do} @kindex do String of commands to move the cursor vertically down one line. The effect of sending this string when on the bottom line is undefined; programs should never use it that way. Some programs do use @samp{do} to scroll up one line if used at the bottom line, if @samp{sf} is not defined but @samp{sr} is. This is only to compensate for certain old, incorrect terminal descriptions. (In principle this might actually lead to incorrect behavior on other terminals, but that seems to happen rarely if ever.) But the proper solution is that the terminal description should define @samp{sf} as well as @samp{do} if the command is suitable for scrolling. The original idea was that this string would not contain a newline character and therefore could be used without disabling the kernel's usual habit of converting of newline into a carriage-return newline sequence. But many terminal descriptions do use newline in the @samp{do} string, so this is not possible; a program which sends the @samp{do} string must disable output conversion in the kernel (@pxref{Initialize}). @item @samp{bw} @kindex bw Flag whose presence says that @samp{le} may be used in column zero to move to the last column of the preceding line. If this flag is not present, @samp{le} should not be used in column zero. @item @samp{nw} @kindex nw String of commands to move the cursor to start of next line, possibly clearing rest of line (following the cursor) before moving. @item @samp{DO}, @samp{UP}, @samp{LE}, @samp{RI} @kindex DO @kindex LE @kindex RI @kindex UP Strings of commands to move the cursor @var{n} lines down vertically, up vertically, or @var{n} columns left or right. Do not attempt to move past any edge of the screen with these commands; the effect of trying that is undefined. Only a few terminal descriptions provide these commands, and most programs do not use them. @item @samp{CM} @kindex CM String of commands to position the cursor at line @var{l}, column @var{c}, relative to display memory. Both parameters are origin-zero. This capability is present only in terminals where there is a difference between screen-relative and memory-relative addressing, and not even in all such terminals. @item @samp{ch} @kindex ch String of commands to position the cursor at column @var{c} in the same line it is on. This is a special case of @samp{cm} in which the vertical position is not changed. The @samp{ch} capability is provided only when it is faster to output than @samp{cm} would be in this special case. Programs should not assume most display terminals have @samp{ch}. @item @samp{cv} @kindex cv String of commands to position the cursor at line @var{l} in the same column. This is a special case of @samp{cm} in which the horizontal position is not changed. The @samp{cv} capability is provided only when it is faster to output than @samp{cm} would be in this special case. Programs should not assume most display terminals have @samp{cv}. @item @samp{sc} @kindex sc String of commands to make the terminal save the current cursor position. Only the last saved position can be used. If this capability is present, @samp{rc} should be provided also. Most terminals have neither. @item @samp{rc} @kindex rc String of commands to make the terminal restore the last saved cursor position. If this capability is present, @samp{sc} should be provided also. Most terminals have neither. @item @samp{ff} @kindex ff String of commands to advance to the next page, for a hardcopy terminal. @item @samp{ta} @kindex ta String of commands to move the cursor right to the next hardware tab stop column. Missing if the terminal does not have any kind of hardware tabs. Do not send this command if the kernel's terminal modes say that the kernel is expanding tabs into spaces. @item @samp{bt} @kindex bt String of commands to move the cursor left to the previous hardware tab stop column. Missing if the terminal has no such ability; many terminals do not. Do not send this command if the kernel's terminal modes say that the kernel is expanding tabs into spaces. @end table The following obsolete capabilities should be included in terminal descriptions when appropriate, but should not be looked at by new programs. @table @samp @item nc @kindex nc Flag whose presence means the terminal does not support the ASCII carriage return character as @samp{cr}. This flag is needed because old programs assume, when the @samp{cr} capability is missing, that ASCII carriage return can be used for the purpose. We use @samp{nc} to tell the old programs that carriage return may not be used. New programs should not assume any default for @samp{cr}, so they need not look at @samp{nc}. However, descriptions should contain @samp{nc} whenever they do not contain @samp{cr}. @item xt @kindex xt Flag whose presence means that the ASCII tab character may not be used for cursor motion. This flag exists because old programs assume, when the @samp{ta} capability is missing, that ASCII tab can be used for the purpose. We use @samp{xt} to tell the old programs not to use tab. New programs should not assume any default for @samp{ta}, so they need not look at @samp{xt} in connection with cursor motion. Note that @samp{xt} also has implications for standout mode (@pxref{Standout}). It is obsolete in regard to cursor motion but not in regard to standout. In fact, @samp{xt} means that the terminal is a Teleray 1061. @item bc @kindex bc Very obsolete alternative name for the @samp{le} capability. @item bs @kindex bs Flag whose presence means that the ASCII character backspace may be used to move the cursor left. Obsolete; look at @samp{le} instead. @item nl @kindex nl Obsolete capability which is a string that can either be used to move the cursor down or to scroll. The same string must scroll when used on the bottom line and move the cursor when used on any other line. New programs should use @samp{do} or @samp{sf}, and ignore @samp{nl}. If there is no @samp{nl} capability, some old programs assume they can use the newline character for this purpose. These programs follow a bad practice, but because they exist, it is still desirable to define the @samp{nl} capability in a terminal description if the best way to move down is @emph{not} a newline. @end table @node Wrapping, Scrolling, Cursor Motion, Capabilities @section Wrapping @cindex wrapping @dfn{Wrapping} means moving the cursor from the right margin to the left margin of the following line. Some terminals wrap automatically when a graphic character is output in the last column, while others do not. Most application programs that use termcap need to know whether the terminal wraps. There are two special flag capabilities to describe what the terminal does when a graphic character is output in the last column. @table @samp @item am @kindex am Flag whose presence means that writing a character in the last column causes the cursor to wrap to the beginning of the next line. If @samp{am} is not present, writing in the last column leaves the cursor at the place where the character was written. Writing in the last column of the last line should be avoided on terminals with @samp{am}, as it may or may not cause scrolling to occur (@pxref{Scrolling}). Scrolling is surely not what you would intend. If your program needs to check the @samp{am} flag, then it also needs to check the @samp{xn} flag which indicates that wrapping happens in a strange way. Many common terminals have the @samp{xn} flag. @item xn @kindex xn Flag whose presence means that the cursor wraps in a strange way. At least two distinct kinds of strange behavior are known; the termcap data base does not contain anything to distinguish the two. On Concept-100 terminals, output in the last column wraps the cursor almost like an ordinary @samp{am} terminal. But if the next thing output is a newline, it is ignored. DEC VT-100 terminals (when the wrap switch is on) do a different strange thing: the cursor wraps only if the next thing output is another graphic character. In fact, the wrap occurs when the following graphic character is received by the terminal, before the character is placed on the screen. On both of these terminals, after writing in the last column a following graphic character will be displayed in the first column of the following line. But the effect of relative cursor motion characters such as newline or backspace at such a time depends on the terminal. The effect of erase or scrolling commands also depends on the terminal. You can't assume anything about what they will do on a terminal that has @samp{xn}. So, to be safe, you should never do these things at such a time on such a terminal. To be sure of reliable results on a terminal which has the @samp{xn} flag, output a @samp{cm} absolute positioning command after writing in the last column. Another safe thing to do is to output carriage-return newline, which will leave the cursor at the beginning of the following line. @end table @node Scrolling, Windows, Wrapping, Capabilities @section Scrolling @cindex scrolling @dfn{Scrolling} means moving the contents of the screen up or down one or more lines. Moving the contents up is @dfn{forward scrolling}; moving them down is @dfn{reverse scrolling}. Scrolling happens after each line of output during ordinary output on most display terminals. But in an application program that uses termcap for random-access output, scrolling happens only when explicitly requested with the commands in this section. Some terminals have a @dfn{scroll region} feature. This lets you limit the effect of scrolling to a specified range of lines. Lines outside the range are unaffected when scrolling happens. The scroll region feature is available if either @samp{cs} or @samp{cS} is present. @table @samp @item sf @kindex sf String of commands to scroll the screen one line up, assuming it is output with the cursor at the beginning of the bottom line. @item sr @kindex sr String of commands to scroll the screen one line down, assuming it is output with the cursor at the beginning of the top line. @item do A few programs will try to use @samp{do} to do the work of @samp{sf}. This is not really correct---it is an attempt to compensate for the absence of a @samp{sf} command in some old terminal descriptions. Since these terminal descriptions do define @samp{sr}, perhaps at one time the definition of @samp{do} was different and it could be used for scrolling as well. But it isn't desirable to combine these two functions in one capability, since scrolling often requires more padding than simply moving the cursor down. Defining @samp{sf} and @samp{do} separately allows you to specify the padding properly. Also, all sources agree that @samp{do} should not be relied on to do scrolling. So the best approach is to add @samp{sf} capabilities to the descriptions of these terminals, copying the definition of @samp{do} if that does scroll. @item SF @kindex SF String of commands to scroll the screen @var{n} lines up, assuming it is output with the cursor at the beginning of the bottom line. @item SR @kindex SR String of commands to scroll the screen @var{n} lines down, assuming it is output with the cursor at the beginning of the top line. @item cs @kindex cs String of commands to set the scroll region. This command takes two parameters, @var{start} and @var{end}, which are the line numbers (origin-zero) of the first line to include in the scroll region and of the last line to include in it. When a scroll region is set, scrolling is limited to the specified range of lines; lines outside the range are not affected by scroll commands. Do not try to move the cursor outside the scroll region. The region remains set until explicitly removed. To remove the scroll region, use another @samp{cs} command specifying the full height of the screen. The cursor position is undefined after the @samp{cs} command is set, so position the cursor with @samp{cm} immediately afterward. @item cS @kindex cS String of commands to set the scroll region using parameters in different form. The effect is the same as if @samp{cs} were used. Four parameters are required: @enumerate @item Total number of lines on the screen. @item Number of lines above desired scroll region. @item Number of lines below (outside of) desired scroll region. @item Total number of lines on the screen, the same as the first parameter. @end enumerate This capability is a GNU extension that was invented to allow the Ann Arbor Ambassador's scroll-region command to be described; it could also be done by putting non-Unix @samp{%}-sequences into a @samp{cs} string, but that would have confused Unix programs that used the @samp{cs} capability with the Unix termcap. Currently only GNU Emacs uses the @samp{cS} capability. @item ns @kindex ns Flag which means that the terminal does not normally scroll for ordinary sequential output. For modern terminals, this means that outputting a newline in ordinary sequential output with the cursor on the bottom line wraps to the top line. For some obsolete terminals, other things may happen. The terminal may be able to scroll even if it does not normally do so. If the @samp{sf} capability is provided, it can be used for scrolling regardless of @samp{ns}. @item da @kindex da Flag whose presence means that lines scrolled up off the top of the screen may come back if scrolling down is done subsequently. The @samp{da} and @samp{db} flags do not, strictly speaking, affect how to scroll. But programs that scroll usually need to clear the lines scrolled onto the screen, if these flags are present. @item db @kindex db Flag whose presence means that lines scrolled down off the bottom of the screen may come back if scrolling up is done subsequently. @item lm @kindex lm Numeric value, the number of lines of display memory that the terminal has. A value of zero means that the terminal has more display memory than can fit on the screen, but no fixed number of lines. (The number of lines may depend on the amount of text in each line.) @end table Any terminal description that defines @samp{SF} should also define @samp{sf}; likewise for @samp{SR} and @samp{sr}. However, many terminals can only scroll by one line at a time, so it is common to find @samp{sf} and not @samp{SF}, or @samp{sr} without @samp{SR}.@refill Therefore, all programs that use the scrolling facilities should be prepared to work with @samp{sf} in the case that @samp{SF} is absent, and likewise with @samp{sr}. On the other hand, an application program that uses only @samp{sf} and not @samp{SF} is acceptable, though slow on some terminals.@refill When outputting a scroll command with @code{tputs}, the @var{nlines} argument should be the total number of lines in the portion of the screen being scrolled. Very often these commands require padding proportional to this number of lines. @xref{Padding}. @node Windows, Clearing, Scrolling, Capabilities @section Windows @cindex window A @dfn{window}, in termcap, is a rectangular portion of the screen to which all display operations are restricted. Wrapping, clearing, scrolling, insertion and deletion all operate as if the specified window were all the screen there was. @table @samp @item wi @kindex wi String of commands to set the terminal output screen window. This string requires four parameters, all origin-zero: @enumerate @item The first line to include in the window. @item The last line to include in the window. @item The first column to include in the window. @item The last column to include in the window. @end enumerate @end table Most terminals do not support windows. @node Clearing, Insdel Line, Windows, Capabilities @section Clearing Parts of the Screen @cindex erasing @cindex clearing the screen There are several terminal capabilities for clearing parts of the screen to blank. All display terminals support the @samp{cl} string, and most display terminals support all of these capabilities. @table @samp @item cl @kindex cl String of commands to clear the entire screen and position the cursor at the upper left corner. @item cd @kindex cd String of commands to clear the line the cursor is on, and all the lines below it, down to the bottom of the screen. This command string should be used only with the cursor in column zero; their effect is undefined if the cursor is elsewhere. @item ce @kindex ce String of commands to clear from the cursor to the end of the current line. @item ec @kindex ec String of commands to clear @var{n} characters, starting with the character that the cursor is on. This command string is expected to leave the cursor position unchanged. The parameter @var{n} should never be large enough to reach past the right margin; the effect of such a large parameter would be undefined. @end table Clear to end of line (@samp{ce}) is extremely important in programs that maintain an updating display. Nearly all display terminals support this operation, so it is acceptable for a an application program to refuse to work if @samp{ce} is not present. However, if you do not want this limitation, you can accomplish clearing to end of line by outputting spaces until you reach the right margin. In order to do this, you must know the current horizontal position. Also, this technique assumes that writing a space will erase. But this happens to be true on all the display terminals that fail to support @samp{ce}. @node Insdel Line, Insdel Char, Clearing, Capabilities @section Insert/Delete Line @cindex insert line @cindex delete line @dfn{Inserting a line} means creating a blank line in the middle of the screen, and pushing the existing lines of text apart. In fact, the lines above the insertion point do not change, while the lines below move down, and one is normally lost at the bottom of the screen. @dfn{Deleting a line} means causing the line to disappear from the screen, closing up the gap by moving the lines below it upward. A new line appears at the bottom of the screen. Usually this line is blank, but on terminals with the @samp{db} flag it may be a line previously moved off the screen bottom by scrolling or line insertion. Insertion and deletion of lines is useful in programs that maintain an updating display some parts of which may get longer or shorter. They are also useful in editors for scrolling parts of the screen, and for redisplaying after lines of text are killed or inserted. Many terminals provide commands to insert or delete a single line at the cursor position. Some provide the ability to insert or delete several lines with one command, using the number of lines to insert or delete as a parameter. Always move the cursor to column zero before using any of these commands. @table @samp @item al @kindex al String of commands to insert a blank line before the line the cursor is on. The existing line, and all lines below it, are moved down. The last line in the screen (or in the scroll region, if one is set) disappears and in most circumstances is discarded. It may not be discarded if the @samp{db} is present (@pxref{Scrolling}). The cursor must be at the left margin before this command is used. This command does not move the cursor. @item dl @kindex dl String of commands to delete the line the cursor is on. The following lines move up, and a blank line appears at the bottom of the screen (or bottom of the scroll region). If the terminal has the @samp{db} flag, a nonblank line previously pushed off the screen bottom may reappear at the bottom. The cursor must be at the left margin before this command is used. This command does not move the cursor. @item AL @kindex AL String of commands to insert @var{n} blank lines before the line that the cursor is on. It is like @samp{al} repeated @var{n} times, except that it is as fast as one @samp{al}. @item DL @kindex DL String of commands to delete @var{n} lines starting with the line that the cursor is on. It is like @samp{dl} repeated @var{n} times, except that it is as fast as one @samp{dl}. @end table Any terminal description that defines @samp{AL} should also define @samp{al}; likewise for @samp{DL} and @samp{dl}. However, many terminals can only insert or delete one line at a time, so it is common to find @samp{al} and not @samp{AL}, or @samp{dl} without @samp{DL}.@refill Therefore, all programs that use the insert and delete facilities should be prepared to work with @samp{al} in the case that @samp{AL} is absent, and likewise with @samp{dl}. On the other hand, it is acceptable to write an application that uses only @samp{al} and @samp{dl} and does not look for @samp{AL} or @samp{DL} at all.@refill If a terminal does not support line insertion and deletion directly, but does support a scroll region, the effect of insertion and deletion can be obtained with scrolling. However, it is up to the individual user program to check for this possibility and use the scrolling commands to get the desired result. It is fairly important to implement this alternate strategy, since it is the only way to get the effect of line insertion and deletion on the popular VT100 terminal. Insertion and deletion of lines is affected by the scroll region on terminals that have a settable scroll region. This is useful when it is desirable to move any few consecutive lines up or down by a few lines. @xref{Scrolling}. The line pushed off the bottom of the screen is not lost if the terminal has the @samp{db} flag capability; instead, it is pushed into display memory that does not appear on the screen. This is the same thing that happens when scrolling pushes a line off the bottom of the screen. Either reverse scrolling or deletion of a line can bring the apparently lost line back onto the bottom of the screen. If the terminal has the scroll region feature as well as @samp{db}, the pushed-out line really is lost if a scroll region is in effect. When outputting an insert or delete command with @code{tputs}, the @var{nlines} argument should be the total number of lines from the cursor to the bottom of the screen (or scroll region). Very often these commands require padding proportional to this number of lines. @xref{Padding}. For @samp{AL} and @samp{DL} the @var{nlines} argument should @emph{not} depend on the number of lines inserted or deleted; only the total number of lines affected. This is because it is just as fast to insert two or @var{n} lines with @samp{AL} as to insert one line with @samp{al}. @node Insdel Char, Standout, Insdel Line, Capabilities @section Insert/Delete Character @cindex insert character @cindex delete character @dfn{Inserting a character} means creating a blank space in the middle of a line, and pushing the rest of the line rightward. The character in the rightmost column is lost. @dfn{Deleting a character} means causing the character to disappear from the screen, closing up the gap by moving the rest of the line leftward. A blank space appears in the rightmost column. Insertion and deletion of characters is useful in programs that maintain an updating display some parts of which may get longer or shorter. It is also useful in editors for redisplaying the results of editing within a line. Many terminals provide commands to insert or delete a single character at the cursor position. Some provide the ability to insert or delete several characters with one command, using the number of characters to insert or delete as a parameter. @cindex insert mode Many terminals provide an insert mode in which outputting a graphic character has the added effect of inserting a position for that character. A special command string is used to enter insert mode and another is used to exit it. The reason for designing a terminal with an insert mode rather than an insert command is that inserting character positions is usually followed by writing characters into them. With insert mode, this is as fast as simply writing the characters, except for the fixed overhead of entering and leaving insert mode. However, when the line speed is great enough, padding may be required for the graphic characters output in insert mode. Some terminals require you to enter insert mode and then output a special command for each position to be inserted. Or they may require special commands to be output before or after each graphic character to be inserted. @cindex delete mode Deletion of characters is usually accomplished by a straightforward command to delete one or several positions; but on some terminals, it is necessary to enter a special delete mode before using the delete command, and leave delete mode afterward. Sometimes delete mode and insert mode are the same mode. Some terminals make a distinction between character positions in which a space character has been output and positions which have been cleared. On these terminals, the effect of insert or delete character runs to the first cleared position rather than to the end of the line. In fact, the effect may run to more than one line if there is no cleared position to stop the shift on the first line. These terminals are identified by the @samp{in} flag capability. On terminals with the @samp{in} flag, the technique of skipping over characters that you know were cleared, and then outputting text later on in the same line, causes later insert and delete character operations on that line to do nonstandard things. A program that has any chance of doing this must check for the @samp{in} flag and must be careful to write explicit space characters into the intermediate columns when @samp{in} is present. A plethora of terminal capabilities are needed to describe all of this complexity. Here is a list of them all. Following the list, we present an algorithm for programs to use to take proper account of all of these capabilities. @table @samp @item im @kindex im String of commands to enter insert mode. If the terminal has no special insert mode, but it can insert characters with a special command, @samp{im} should be defined with a null value, because the @samp{vi} editor assumes that insertion of a character is impossible if @samp{im} is not provided. New programs should not act like @samp{vi}. They should pay attention to @samp{im} only if it is defined. @item ei @kindex ei String of commands to leave insert mode. This capability must be present if @samp{im} is. On a few old terminals the same string is used to enter and exit insert mode. This string turns insert mode on if it was off, and off it it was on. You can tell these terminals because the @samp{ei} string equals the @samp{im} string. If you want to support these terminals, you must always remember accurately whether insert mode is in effect. However, these terminals are obsolete, and it is reasonable to refuse to support them. On all modern terminals, you can safely output @samp{ei} at any time to ensure that insert mode is turned off. @item ic @kindex ic String of commands to insert one character position at the cursor. The cursor does not move. If outputting a graphic character while in insert mode is sufficient to insert the character, then the @samp{ic} capability should be defined with a null value. If your terminal offers a choice of ways to insert---either use insert mode or use a special command---then define @samp{im} and do not define @samp{ic}, since this gives the most efficient operation when several characters are to be inserted. @emph{Do not} define both strings, for that means that @emph{both} must be used each time insertion is done. @item ip @kindex ip String of commands to output following an inserted graphic character in insert mode. Often it is used just for a padding spec, when padding is needed after an inserted character (@pxref{Padding}). @item IC @kindex IC String of commands to insert @var{n} character positions at and after the cursor. It has the same effect as repeating the @samp{ic} string and a space, @var{n} times. If @samp{IC} is provided, application programs may use it without first entering insert mode. @item mi @kindex mi Flag whose presence means it is safe to move the cursor while in insert mode and assume the terminal remains in insert mode. @item in @kindex in Flag whose presence means that the terminal distinguishes between character positions in which space characters have been output and positions which have been cleared. @end table An application program can assume that the terminal can do character insertion if @emph{any one of} the capabilities @samp{IC}, @samp{im}, @samp{ic} or @samp{ip} is provided. To insert @var{n} blank character positions, move the cursor to the place to insert them and follow this algorithm: @enumerate @item If an @samp{IC} string is provided, output it with parameter @var{n} and you are finished. Otherwise (or if you don't want to bother to look for an @samp{IC} string) follow the remaining steps. @item Output the @samp{im} string, if there is one, unless the terminal is already in insert mode. @item Repeat steps 4 through 6, @var{n} times. @item Output the @samp{ic} string if any. @item Output a space. @item Output the @samp{ip} string if any. @item Output the @samp{ei} string, eventually, to exit insert mode. There is no need to do this right away. If the @samp{mi} flag is present, you can move the cursor and the cursor will remain in insert mode; then you can do more insertion elsewhere without reentering insert mode. @end enumerate To insert @var{n} graphic characters, position the cursor and follow this algorithm: @enumerate @item If an @samp{IC} string is provided, output it with parameter @var{n}, then output the graphic characters, and you are finished. Otherwise (or if you don't want to bother to look for an @samp{IC} string) follow the remaining steps. @item Output the @samp{im} string, if there is one, unless the terminal is already in insert mode. @item For each character to be output, repeat steps 4 through 6. @item Output the @samp{ic} string if any. @item Output the next graphic character. @item Output the @samp{ip} string if any. @item Output the @samp{ei} string, eventually, to exit insert mode. There is no need to do this right away. If the @samp{mi} flag is present, you can move the cursor and the cursor will remain in insert mode; then you can do more insertion elsewhere without reentering insert mode. @end enumerate Note that this is not the same as the original Unix termcap specifications in one respect: it assumes that the @samp{IC} string can be used without entering insert mode. This is true as far as I know, and it allows you be able to avoid entering and leaving insert mode, and also to be able to avoid the inserted-character padding after the characters that go into the inserted positions. Deletion of characters is less complicated; deleting one column is done by outputting the @samp{dc} string. However, there may be a delete mode that must be entered with @samp{dm} in order to make @samp{dc} work. @table @samp @item dc @kindex dc String of commands to delete one character position at the cursor. If @samp{dc} is not present, the terminal cannot delete characters. @item DC @kindex DC String of commands to delete @var{n} characters starting at the cursor. It has the same effect as repeating the @samp{dc} string @var{n} times. Any terminal description that has @samp{DC} also has @samp{dc}. @item dm @kindex dm String of commands to enter delete mode. If not present, there is no delete mode, and @samp{dc} can be used at any time (assuming there is a @samp{dc}). @item ed @kindex ed String of commands to exit delete mode. This must be present if @samp{dm} is. @end table To delete @var{n} character positions, position the cursor and follow these steps: @enumerate @item If the @samp{DC} string is present, output it with parameter @var{n} and you are finished. Otherwise, follow the remaining steps. @item Output the @samp{dm} string, unless you know the terminal is already in delete mode. @item Output the @samp{dc} string @var{n} times. @item Output the @samp{ed} string eventually. If the flag capability @samp{mi} is present, you can move the cursor and do more deletion without leaving and reentering delete mode. @end enumerate As with the @samp{IC} string, we have departed from the original termcap specifications by assuming that @samp{DC} works without entering delete mode even though @samp{dc} would not. If the @samp{dm} and @samp{im} capabilities are both present and have the same value, it means that the terminal has one mode for both insertion and deletion. It is useful for a program to know this, because then it can do insertions after deletions, or vice versa, without leaving insert/delete mode and reentering it. @node Standout, Underlining, Insdel Char, Capabilities @section Standout and Appearance Modes @cindex appearance modes @cindex standout @cindex magic cookie @dfn{Appearance modes} are modifications to the ways characters are displayed. Typical appearance modes include reverse video, dim, bright, blinking, underlined, invisible, and alternate character set. Each kind of terminal supports various among these, or perhaps none. For each type of terminal, one appearance mode or combination of them that looks good for highlighted text is chosen as the @dfn{standout mode}. The capabilities @samp{so} and @samp{se} say how to enter and leave standout mode. Programs that use appearance modes only to highlight some text generally use the standout mode so that they can work on as many terminals as possible. Use of specific appearance modes other than ``underlined'' and ``alternate character set'' is rare. Terminals that implement appearance modes fall into two general classes as to how they do it. In some terminals, the presence or absence of any appearance mode is recorded separately for each character position. In these terminals, each graphic character written is given the appearance modes current at the time it is written, and keeps those modes until it is erased or overwritten. There are special commands to turn the appearance modes on or off for characters to be written in the future. In other terminals, the change of appearance modes is represented by a marker that belongs to a certain screen position but affects all following screen positions until the next marker. These markers are traditionally called @dfn{magic cookies}. The same capabilities (@samp{so}, @samp{se}, @samp{mb} and so on) for turning appearance modes on and off are used for both magic-cookie terminals and per-character terminals. On magic cookie terminals, these give the commands to write the magic cookies. On per-character terminals, they change the current modes that affect future output and erasure. Some simple applications can use these commands without knowing whether or not they work by means of cookies. However, a program that maintains and updates a display needs to know whether the terminal uses magic cookies, and exactly what their effect is. This information comes from the @samp{sg} capability. The @samp{sg} capability is a numeric capability whose presence indicates that the terminal uses magic cookies for appearance modes. Its value is the number of character positions that a magic cookie occupies. Usually the cookie occupies one or more character positions on the screen, and these character positions are displayed as blank, but in some terminals the cookie has zero width. The @samp{sg} capability describes both the magic cookie to turn standout on and the cookie to turn it off. This makes the assumption that both kinds of cookie have the same width on the screen. If that is not true, the narrower cookie must be ``widened'' with spaces until it has the same width as the other. On some magic cookie terminals, each line always starts with normal display; in other words, the scope of a magic cookie never extends over more than one line. But on other terminals, one magic cookie affects all the lines below it unless explicitly canceled. Termcap does not define any way to distinguish these two ways magic cookies can work. To be safe, it is best to put a cookie at the beginning of each line. On some per-character terminals, standout mode or other appearance modes may be canceled by moving the cursor. On others, moving the cursor has no effect on the state of the appearance modes. The latter class of terminals are given the flag capability @samp{ms} (``can move in standout''). All programs that might have occasion to move the cursor while appearance modes are turned on must check for this flag; if it is not present, they should reset appearance modes to normal before doing cursor motion. A program that has turned on only standout mode should use @samp{se} to reset the standout mode to normal. A program that has turned on only alternate character set mode should use @samp{ae} to return it to normal. If it is possible that any other appearance modes are turned on, use the @samp{me} capability to return them to normal. Note that the commands to turn on one appearance mode, including @samp{so} and @samp{mb} @dots{} @samp{mr}, if used while some other appearance modes are turned on, may combine the two modes on some terminals but may turn off the mode previously enabled on other terminals. This is because some terminals do not have a command to set or clear one appearance mode without changing the others. Programs should not attempt to use appearance modes in combination except with @samp{sa}, and when switching from one single mode to another should always turn off the previously enabled mode and then turn on the new desired mode. On some old terminals, the @samp{so} and @samp{se} commands may be the same command, which has the effect of turning standout on if it is off, or off it is on. It is therefore risky for a program to output extra @samp{se} commands for good measure. Fortunately, all these terminals are obsolete. Programs that update displays in which standout-text may be replaced with non-standout text must check for the @samp{xs} flag. In a per-character terminal, this flag says that the only way to remove standout once written is to clear that portion of the line with the @samp{ce} string or something even more powerful (@pxref{Clearing}); just writing new characters at those screen positions will not change the modes in effect there. In a magic cookie terminal, @samp{xs} says that the only way to remove a cookie is to clear a portion of the line that includes the cookie; writing a different cookie at the same position does not work. Such programs must also check for the @samp{xt} flag, which means that the terminal is a Teleray 1061. On this terminal it is impossible to position the cursor at the front of a magic cookie, so the only two ways to remove a cookie are (1) to delete the line it is on or (2) to position the cursor at least one character before it (possibly on a previous line) and output the @samp{se} string, which on these terminals finds and removes the next @samp{so} magic cookie on the screen. (It may also be possible to remove a cookie which is not at the beginning of a line by clearing that line.) The @samp{xt} capability also has implications for the use of tab characters, but in that regard it is obsolete (@xref{Cursor Motion}). @table @samp @item so @kindex so String of commands to enter standout mode. @item se @kindex se String of commands to leave standout mode. @item sg @kindex sg Numeric capability, the width on the screen of the magic cookie. This capability is absent in terminals that record appearance modes character by character. @item ms @kindex ms Flag whose presence means that it is safe to move the cursor while the appearance modes are not in the normal state. If this flag is absent, programs should always reset the appearance modes to normal before moving the cursor. @item xs @kindex xs Flag whose presence means that the only way to reset appearance modes already on the screen is to clear to end of line. On a per-character terminal, you must clear the area where the modes are set. On a magic cookie terminal, you must clear an area containing the cookie. See the discussion above. @item xt @kindex xt Flag whose presence means that the cursor cannot be positioned right in front of a magic cookie, and that @samp{se} is a command to delete the next magic cookie following the cursor. See discussion above. @item mb @kindex mb String of commands to enter blinking mode. @item md @kindex md String of commands to enter double-bright mode. @item mh @kindex mh String of commands to enter half-bright mode. @item mk @kindex mk String of commands to enter invisible mode. @item mp @kindex mp String of commands to enter protected mode. @item mr @kindex mr String of commands to enter reverse-video mode. @item me @kindex me String of commands to turn off all appearance modes, including standout mode and underline mode. On some terminals it also turns off alternate character set mode; on others, it may not. This capability must be present if any of @samp{mb} @dots{} @samp{mr} is present. @item as @kindex as String of commands to turn on alternate character set mode. This mode assigns some or all graphic characters an alternate picture on the screen. There is no standard as to what the alternate pictures look like. @item ae @kindex ae String of commands to turn off alternate character set mode. @item sa @kindex sa String of commands to turn on an arbitrary combination of appearance modes. It accepts 9 parameters, each of which controls a particular kind of appearance mode. A parameter should be 1 to turn its appearance mode on, or zero to turn that mode off. Most terminals do not support the @samp{sa} capability, even among those that do have various appearance modes. The nine parameters are, in order, @var{standout}, @var{underline}, @var{reverse}, @var{blink}, @var{half-bright}, @var{double-bright}, @var{blank}, @var{protect}, @var{alt char set}. @end table @node Underlining, Cursor Visibility, Standout, Capabilities @section Underlining @cindex underlining Underlining on most terminals is a kind of appearance mode, much like standout mode. Therefore, it may be implemented using magic cookies or as a flag in the terminal whose current state affects each character that is output. @xref{Standout}, for a full explanation. The @samp{ug} capability is a numeric capability whose presence indicates that the terminal uses magic cookies for underlining. Its value is the number of character positions that a magic cookie for underlining occupies; it is used for underlining just as @samp{sg} is used for standout. Aside from the simplest applications, it is impossible to use underlining correctly without paying attention to the value of @samp{ug}. @table @samp @item us @kindex us String of commands to turn on underline mode or to output a magic cookie to start underlining. @item ue @kindex ue String of commands to turn off underline mode or to output a magic cookie to stop underlining. @item ug @kindex ug Width of magic cookie that represents a change of underline mode; or missing, if the terminal does not use a magic cookie for this. @item ms @kindex ms Flag whose presence means that it is safe to move the cursor while the appearance modes are not in the normal state. Underlining is an appearance mode. If this flag is absent, programs should always turn off underlining before moving the cursor. @end table There are two other, older ways of doing underlining: there can be a command to underline a single character, or the output of @samp{_}, the ASCII underscore character, as an overstrike could cause a character to be underlined. New programs need not bother to handle these capabilities unless the author cares strongly about the obscure terminals which support them. However, terminal descriptions should provide these capabilities when appropriate. @table @samp @item uc @kindex uc String of commands to underline the character under the cursor, and move the cursor right. @item ul @kindex ul Flag whose presence means that the terminal can underline by overstriking an underscore character (@samp{_}); some terminals can do this even though they do not support overstriking in general. An implication of this flag is that when outputting new text to overwrite old text, underscore characters must be treated specially lest they underline the old text instead. @end table @node Cursor Visibility, Bell, Underlining, Capabilities @section Cursor Visibility @cindex visibility Some terminals have the ability to make the cursor invisible, or to enhance it. Enhancing the cursor is often done by programs that plan to use the cursor to indicate to the user a position of interest that may be anywhere on the screen---for example, the Emacs editor enhances the cursor on entry. Such programs should always restore the cursor to normal on exit. @table @samp @item vs @kindex vs String of commands to enhance the cursor. @item vi @kindex vi String of commands to make the cursor invisible. @item ve @kindex ve String of commands to return the cursor to normal. @end table If you define either @samp{vs} or @samp{vi}, you must also define @samp{ve}. @node Bell, Keypad, Cursor Visibility, Capabilities @section Bell @cindex bell @cindex visible bell Here we describe commands to make the terminal ask for the user to pay attention to it. @table @samp @item bl @kindex bl String of commands to cause the terminal to make an audible sound. If this capability is absent, the terminal has no way to make a suitable sound. @item vb @kindex vb String of commands to cause the screen to flash to attract attention (``visible bell''). If this capability is absent, the terminal has no way to do such a thing. @end table @node Keypad, Meta Key, Bell, Capabilities @section Keypad and Function Keys Many terminals have arrow and function keys that transmit specific character sequences to the computer. Since the precise sequences used depend on the terminal, termcap defines capabilities used to say what the sequences are. Unlike most termcap string-valued capabilities, these are not strings of commands to be sent to the terminal, rather strings that are received from the terminal. Programs that expect to use keypad keys should check, initially, for a @samp{ks} capability and send it, to make the keypad actually transmit. Such programs should also send the @samp{ke} string when exiting. @table @asis @item @samp{ks} @kindex ka@dots{}ku String of commands to make the function keys transmit. If this capability is not provided, but the others in this section are, programs may assume that the function keys always transmit. @item @samp{ke} String of commands to make the function keys work locally. This capability is provided only if @samp{ks} is. @item @samp{kl} String of input characters sent by typing the left-arrow key. If this capability is missing, you cannot expect the terminal to have a left-arrow key that transmits anything to the computer. @item @samp{kr} String of input characters sent by typing the right-arrow key. @item @samp{ku} String of input characters sent by typing the up-arrow key. @item @samp{kd} String of input characters sent by typing the down-arrow key. @item @samp{kh} String of input characters sent by typing the ``home-position'' key. @item @samp{K1} @dots{} @samp{K5} @kindex K1@dots{}K5 Strings of input characters sent by the five other keys in a 3-by-3 array that includes the arrow keys, if the keyboard has such a 3-by-3 array. Note that one of these keys may be the ``home-position'' key, in which case one of these capabilities will have the same value as the @samp{kh} key. @item @samp{k0} String of input characters sent by function key 10 (or 0, if the terminal has one labeled 0). @item @samp{k1} @dots{} @samp{k9} @kindex k1@dots{}k9 Strings of input characters sent by function keys 1 through 9, provided for those function keys that exist. @item @samp{kn} Number: the number of numbered function keys, if there are more than 10. @item @samp{l0} @dots{} @samp{l9} @kindex l0@dots{}l9 Strings which are the labels appearing on the keyboard on the keys described by the capabilities @samp{k0} @dots{} @samp{l9}. These capabilities should be left undefined if the labels are @samp{f0} or @samp{f10} and @samp{f1} @dots{} @samp{f9}.@refill @item @samp{kH} @kindex kA@dots{}kT String of input characters sent by the ``home down'' key, if there is one. @item @samp{kb} String of input characters sent by the ``backspace'' key, if there is one. @item @samp{ka} String of input characters sent by the ``clear all tabs'' key, if there is one. @item @samp{kt} String of input characters sent by the ``clear tab stop this column'' key, if there is one. @item @samp{kC} String of input characters sent by the ``clear screen'' key, if there is one. @item @samp{kD} String of input characters sent by the ``delete character'' key, if there is one. @item @samp{kL} String of input characters sent by the ``delete line'' key, if there is one. @item @samp{kM} String of input characters sent by the ``exit insert mode'' key, if there is one. @item @samp{kE} String of input characters sent by the ``clear to end of line'' key, if there is one. @item @samp{kS} String of input characters sent by the ``clear to end of screen'' key, if there is one. @item @samp{kI} String of input characters sent by the ``insert character'' or ``enter insert mode'' key, if there is one. @item @samp{kA} String of input characters sent by the ``insert line'' key, if there is one. @item @samp{kN} String of input characters sent by the ``next page'' key, if there is one. @item @samp{kP} String of input characters sent by the ``previous page'' key, if there is one. @item @samp{kF} String of input characters sent by the ``scroll forward'' key, if there is one. @item @samp{kR} String of input characters sent by the ``scroll reverse'' key, if there is one. @item @samp{kT} String of input characters sent by the ``set tab stop in this column'' key, if there is one. @item @samp{ko} String listing the other function keys the terminal has. This is a very obsolete way of describing the same information found in the @samp{kH} @dots{} @samp{kT} keys. The string contains a list of two-character termcap capability names, separated by commas. The meaning is that for each capability name listed, the terminal has a key which sends the string which is the value of that capability. For example, the value @samp{:ko=cl,ll,sf,sr:} says that the terminal has four function keys which mean ``clear screen'', ``home down'', ``scroll forward'' and ``scroll reverse''.@refill @end table @node Meta Key, Initialization, Keypad, Capabilities @section Meta Key @cindex meta key A Meta key is a key on the keyboard that modifies each character you type by controlling the 0200 bit. This bit is on if and only if the Meta key is held down when the character is typed. Characters typed using the Meta key are called Meta characters. Emacs uses Meta characters as editing commands. @table @samp @item km @kindex km Flag whose presence means that the terminal has a Meta key. @item mm @kindex mm String of commands to enable the functioning of the Meta key. @item mo @kindex mo String of commands to disable the functioning of the Meta key. @end table If the terminal has @samp{km} but does not have @samp{mm} and @samp{mo}, it means that the Meta key always functions. If it has @samp{mm} and @samp{mo}, it means that the Meta key can be turned on or off. Send the @samp{mm} string to turn it on, and the @samp{mo} string to turn it off. I do not know why one would ever not want it to be on. @node Initialization, Pad Specs, Meta Key, Capabilities @section Initialization @cindex reset @cindex initialization @cindex tab stops @table @samp @item ti @kindex ti String of commands to put the terminal into whatever special modes are needed or appropriate for programs that move the cursor nonsequentially around the screen. Programs that use termcap to do full-screen display should output this string when they start up. @item te @kindex te String of commands to undo what is done by the @samp{ti} string. Programs that output the @samp{ti} string on entry should output this string when they exit. @item is @kindex is String of commands to initialize the terminal for each login session. @item if @kindex if String which is the name of a file containing the string of commands to initialize the terminal for each session of use. Normally @samp{is} and @samp{if} are not both used. @item i1 @itemx i3 @kindex i1 @kindex i3 Two more strings of commands to initialize the terminal for each login session. The @samp{i1} string (if defined) is output before @samp{is} or @samp{if}, and the @samp{i3} string (if defined) is output after. The reason for having three separate initialization strings is to make it easier to define a group of related terminal types with slightly different initializations. Define two or three of the strings in the basic type; then the other types can override one or two of the strings. @item rs @kindex rs String of commands to reset the terminal from any strange mode it may be in. Normally this includes the @samp{is} string (or other commands with the same effects) and more. What would go in the @samp{rs} string but not in the @samp{is} string are annoying or slow commands to bring the terminal back from strange modes that nobody would normally use. @item it @kindex it Numeric value, the initial spacing between hardware tab stop columns when the terminal is powered up. Programs to initialize the terminal can use this to decide whether there is a need to set the tab stops. If the initial width is 8, well and good; if it is not 8, then the tab stops should be set; if they cannot be set, the kernel is told to convert tabs to spaces, and other programs will observe this and do likewise. @item ct @kindex ct String of commands to clear all tab stops. @item st @kindex st String of commands to set tab stop at current cursor column on all lines. @end table @node Pad Specs, Status Line, Initialization, Capabilities @section Padding Capabilities @cindex padding There are two terminal capabilities that exist just to explain the proper way to obey the padding specifications in all the command string capabilities. One, @samp{pc}, must be obeyed by all termcap-using programs. @table @samp @item pb @kindex pb Numeric value, the lowest baud rate at which padding is actually needed. Programs may check this and refrain from doing any padding at lower speeds. @item pc @kindex pc String of commands for padding. The first character of this string is to be used as the pad character, instead of using null characters for padding. If @samp{pc} is not provided, use null characters. Every program that uses termcap must look up this capability and use it to set the variable @code{PC} that is used by @code{tputs}. @xref{Padding}. @end table Some termcap capabilities exist just to specify the amount of padding that the kernel should give to cursor motion commands used in ordinary sequential output. @table @samp @item dC @kindex dC Numeric value, the number of msec of padding needed for the carriage-return character. @item dN @kindex dN Numeric value, the number of msec of padding needed for the newline (linefeed) character. @item dB @kindex dB Numeric value, the number of msec of padding needed for the backspace character. @item dF @kindex dF Numeric value, the number of msec of padding needed for the formfeed character. @item dT @kindex dT Numeric value, the number of msec of padding needed for the tab character. @end table In some systems, the kernel uses the above capabilities; in other systems, the kernel uses the paddings specified in the string capabilities @samp{cr}, @samp{sf}, @samp{le}, @samp{ff} and @samp{ta}. Descriptions of terminals which require such padding should contain the @samp{dC} @dots{} @samp{dT} capabilities and also specify the appropriate padding in the corresponding string capabilities. Since no modern terminals require padding for ordinary sequential output, you probably won't need to do either of these things. @node Status Line, Half-Line, Pad Specs, Capabilities @section Status Line @cindex status line A @dfn{status line} is a line on the terminal that is not used for ordinary display output but instead used for a special message. The intended use is for a continuously updated description of what the user's program is doing, and that is where the name ``status line'' comes from, but in fact it could be used for anything. The distinguishing characteristic of a status line is that ordinary output to the terminal does not affect it; it changes only if the special status line commands of this section are used. @table @samp @item hs @kindex hs Flag whose presence means that the terminal has a status line. If a terminal description specifies that there is a status line, it must provide the @samp{ts} and @samp{fs} capabilities. @item ts @kindex ts String of commands to move the terminal cursor into the status line. Usually these commands must specifically record the old cursor position for the sake of the @samp{fs} string. @item fs @kindex fs String of commands to move the cursor back from the status line to its previous position (outside the status line). @item es @kindex es Flag whose presence means that other display commands work while writing the status line. In other words, one can clear parts of it, insert or delete characters, move the cursor within it using @samp{ch} if there is a @samp{ch} capability, enter and leave standout mode, and so on. @item ds @kindex ds String of commands to disable the display of the status line. This may be absent, if there is no way to disable the status line display. @item ws @kindex ws Numeric value, the width of the status line. If this capability is absent in a terminal that has a status line, it means the status line is the same width as the other lines. Note that the value of @samp{ws} is sometimes as small as 8. @end table @node Half-Line, Printer, Status Line, Capabilities @section Half-Line Motion Some terminals have commands for moving the cursor vertically by half-lines, useful for outputting subscripts and superscripts. Mostly it is hardcopy terminals that have such features. @table @samp @item hu @kindex hu String of commands to move the cursor up half a line. If the terminal is a display, it is your responsibility to avoid moving up past the top line; however, most likely the terminal that supports this is a hardcopy terminal and there is nothing to be concerned about. @item hd @kindex hd String of commands to move the cursor down half a line. If the terminal is a display, it is your responsibility to avoid moving down past the bottom line, etc. @end table @node Printer, , Half-Line, Capabilities @section Controlling Printers Attached to Terminals @cindex printer Some terminals have attached hardcopy printer ports. They may be able to copy the screen contents to the printer; they may also be able to redirect output to the printer. Termcap does not have anything to tell the program whether the redirected output appears also on the screen; it does on some terminals but not all. @table @samp @item ps @kindex ps String of commands to cause the contents of the screen to be printed. If it is absent, the screen contents cannot be printed. @item po @kindex po String of commands to redirect further output to the printer. @item pf @kindex pf String of commands to terminate redirection of output to the printer. This capability must be present in the description if @samp{po} is. @item pO @kindex pO String of commands to redirect output to the printer for next @var{n} characters of output, regardless of what they are. Redirection will end automatically after @var{n} characters of further output. Until then, nothing that is output can end redirection, not even the @samp{pf} string if there is one. The number @var{n} should not be more than 255. One use of this capability is to send non-text byte sequences (such as bit-maps) to the printer. @end table Most terminals with printers do not support all of @samp{ps}, @samp{po} and @samp{pO}; any one or two of them may be supported. To make a program that can send output to all kinds of printers, it is necessary to check for all three of these capabilities, choose the most convenient of the ones that are provided, and use it in its own appropriate fashion. @node Summary, Var Index, Capabilities, Top @chapter Summary of Capability Names Here are all the terminal capability names in alphabetical order with a brief description of each. For cross references to their definitions, see the index of capability names (@pxref{Cap Index}). @table @samp @item ae String to turn off alternate character set mode. @item al String to insert a blank line before the cursor. @item AL String to insert @var{n} blank lines before the cursor. @item am Flag: output to last column wraps cursor to next line. @item as String to turn on alternate character set mode.like. @item bc Very obsolete alternative name for the @samp{le} capability. @item bl String to sound the bell. @item bs Obsolete flag: ASCII backspace may be used for leftward motion. @item bt String to move the cursor left to the previous hardware tab stop column. @item bw Flag: @samp{le} at left margin wraps to end of previous line. @item CC String to change terminal's command character. @item cd String to clear the line the cursor is on, and following lines. @item ce String to clear from the cursor to the end of the line. @item ch String to position the cursor at column @var{c} in the same line. @item cl String to clear the entire screen and put cursor at upper left corner. @item cm String to position the cursor at line @var{l}, column @var{c}. @item CM String to position the cursor at line @var{l}, column @var{c}, relative to display memory. @item co Number: width of the screen. @item cr String to move cursor sideways to left margin. @item cs String to set the scroll region. @item cS Alternate form of string to set the scroll region. @item ct String to clear all tab stops. @item cv String to position the cursor at line @var{l} in the same column. @item da Flag: data scrolled off top of screen may be scrolled back. @item db Flag: data scrolled off bottom of screen may be scrolled back. @item dB Obsolete number: msec of padding needed for the backspace character. @item dc String to delete one character position at the cursor. @item dC Obsolete number: msec of padding needed for the carriage-return character. @item DC String to delete @var{n} characters starting at the cursor. @item dF Obsolete number: msec of padding needed for the formfeed character. @item dl String to delete the line the cursor is on. @item DL String to delete @var{n} lines starting with the cursor's line. @item dm String to enter delete mode. @item dN Obsolete number: msec of padding needed for the newline character. @item do String to move the cursor vertically down one line. @item DO String to move cursor vertically down @var{n} lines. @item ds String to disable the display of the status line. @item dT Obsolete number: msec of padding needed for the tab character. @item ec String of commands to clear @var{n} characters at cursor. @item ed String to exit delete mode. @item ei String to leave insert mode. @item eo Flag: output of a space can erase an overstrike. @item es Flag: other display commands work while writing the status line. @item ff String to advance to the next page, for a hardcopy terminal. @item fs String to move the cursor back from the status line to its previous position (outside the status line). @item gn Flag: this terminal type is generic, not real. @item hc Flag: hardcopy terminal. @item hd String to move the cursor down half a line. @item ho String to position cursor at upper left corner. @item hs Flag: the terminal has a status line. @item hu String to move the cursor up half a line. @item hz Flag: terminal cannot accept @samp{~} as output. @item i1 String to initialize the terminal for each login session. @item i3 String to initialize the terminal for each login session. @item ic String to insert one character position at the cursor. @item IC String to insert @var{n} character positions at the cursor. @item if String naming a file of commands to initialize the terminal. @item im String to enter insert mode. @item in Flag: outputting a space is different from moving over empty positions. @item ip String to output following an inserted character in insert mode. @item is String to initialize the terminal for each login session. @item it Number: initial spacing between hardware tab stop columns. @item k0 String of input sent by function key 0 or 10. @item k1 @dots{} k9 Strings of input sent by function keys 1 through 9. @item K1 @dots{} K5 Strings sent by the five other keys in 3-by-3 array with arrows. @item ka String of input sent by the ``clear all tabs'' key. @item kA String of input sent by the ``insert line'' key. @item kb String of input sent by the ``backspace'' key. @item kC String of input sent by the ``clear screen'' key. @item kd String of input sent by typing the down-arrow key. @item kD String of input sent by the ``delete character'' key. @item ke String to make the function keys work locally. @item kE String of input sent by the ``clear to end of line'' key. @item kF String of input sent by the ``scroll forward'' key. @item kh String of input sent by typing the ``home-position'' key. @item kH String of input sent by the ``home down'' key. @item kI String of input sent by the ``insert character'' or ``enter insert mode'' key. @item kl String of input sent by typing the left-arrow key. @item kL String of input sent by the ``delete line'' key. @item km Flag: the terminal has a Meta key. @item kM String of input sent by the ``exit insert mode'' key. @item kn Numeric value, the number of numbered function keys. @item kN String of input sent by the ``next page'' key. @item ko Very obsolete string listing the terminal's named function keys. @item kP String of input sent by the ``previous page'' key. @item kr String of input sent by typing the right-arrow key. @item kR String of input sent by the ``scroll reverse'' key. @item ks String to make the function keys transmit. @item kS String of input sent by the ``clear to end of screen'' key. @item kt String of input sent by the ``clear tab stop this column'' key. @item kT String of input sent by the ``set tab stop in this column'' key. @item ku String of input sent by typing the up-arrow key. @item l0 String on keyboard labelling function key 0 or 10. @item l1 @dots{} l9 Strings on keyboard labelling function keys 1 through 9. @item le String to move the cursor left one column. @item LE String to move cursor left @var{n} columns. @item li Number: height of the screen. @item ll String to position cursor at lower left corner. @item lm Number: lines of display memory. @item mb String to enter blinking mode. @item md String to enter double-bright mode. @item me String to turn off all appearance modes @item mh String to enter half-bright mode. @item mi Flag: cursor motion in insert mode is safe. @item mk String to enter invisible mode. @item mm String to enable the functioning of the Meta key. @item mo String to disable the functioning of the Meta key. @item mp String to enter protected mode. @item mr String to enter reverse-video mode. @item ms Flag: cursor motion in standout mode is safe. @item nc Obsolete flag: do not use ASCII carriage-return on this terminal. @item nd String to move the cursor right one column. @item nl Obsolete alternative name for the @samp{do} and @samp{sf} capabilities. @item ns Flag: the terminal does not normally scroll for sequential output. @item nw String to move to start of next line, possibly clearing rest of old line. @item os Flag: terminal can overstrike. @item pb Number: the lowest baud rate at which padding is actually needed. @item pc String containing character for padding. @item pf String to terminate redirection of output to the printer. @item po String to redirect further output to the printer. @item pO String to redirect @var{n} characters ofoutput to the printer. @item ps String to print the screen on the attached printer. @item rc String to move to last saved cursor position. @item RI String to move cursor right @var{n} columns. @item rp String to output character @var{c} repeated @var{n} times. @item rs String to reset the terminal from any strange modes. @item sa String to turn on an arbitrary combination of appearance modes. @item sc String to save the current cursor position. @item se String to leave standout mode. @item sf String to scroll the screen one line up. @item SF String to scroll the screen @var{n} lines up. @item sg Number: width of magic standout cookie. Absent if magic cookies are not used. @item so String to enter standout mode. @item sr String to scroll the screen one line down. @item SR String to scroll the screen @var{n} line down. @item st String to set tab stop at current cursor column on all lines. programs. @item ta String to move the cursor right to the next hardware tab stop column. @item te String to return terminal to settings for sequential output. @item ti String to initialize terminal for random cursor motion. @item ts String to move the terminal cursor into the status line. @item uc String to underline one character and move cursor right. @item ue String to turn off underline mode @item ug Number: width of underlining magic cookie. Absent if underlining doesn't use magic cookies. @item ul Flag: underline by overstriking with an underscore. @item up String to move the cursor vertically up one line. @item UP String to move cursor vertically up @var{n} lines. @item us String to turn on underline mode @item vb String to make the screen flash. @item ve String to return the cursor to normal. @item vi String to make the cursor invisible. @item vs String to enhance the cursor. @item wi String to set the terminal output screen window. @item ws Number: the width of the status line. @item xb Flag: superbee terminal. @item xn Flag: cursor wraps in a strange way. @item xs Flag: clearing a line is the only way to clear the appearance modes of positions in that line (or, only way to remove magic cookies on that line). @item xt Flag: Teleray 1061; several strange characteristics. @end table @node Var Index, Cap Index, Summary, Top @unnumbered Variable and Function Index @printindex fn @node Cap Index, Index, Var Index, Top @unnumbered Capability Index @printindex ky @node Index, , Cap Index, Top @unnumbered Concept Index @printindex cp @contents @bye bash-1.14.3/lib/termcap/grot/Makefile.in 664 436 0 6472 5416304536 16113 0ustar chetwheel# Makefile for GNU termcap library. # Copyright (C) 1992, 1993 Free Software Foundation, Inc. # This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify # it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by # the Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option) # any later version. # This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, # but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of # MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the # GNU General Public License for more details. # You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License # along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software # Foundation, Inc., 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. #### Start of system configuration section. #### srcdir = @srcdir@ VPATH = @srcdir@ CC = @CC@ # If you don't have a BSD or GNU install program, use cp. INSTALL = @INSTALL@ INSTALL_DATA = @INSTALL_DATA@ MAKEINFO = makeinfo # Things you might add to DEFS: # -DHAVE_STRING_H If you have memcpy instead of bcopy. # -DNO_ARG_ARRAY If you can't take the address of the first of # a group of arguments and treat it as an array. # We always define this, because it's not a big loss # and can't be detected when cross-autoconfiguring. DEFS = @DEFS@ -DNO_ARG_ARRAY CFLAGS = -g prefix = /usr/local exec_prefix = $(prefix) # Directory in which to install libtermcap.a. libdir = $(exec_prefix)/lib # Directory in which to install termcap.h. includedir = $(prefix)/include # Directory in which to optionally also install termcap.h, # so compilers besides gcc can find it by default. # If it is empty or not defined, termcap.h will only be installed in # includedir. oldincludedir = /usr/include # Directory in which to install the documentation info files. infodir = $(prefix)/info #### End of system configuration section. #### SHELL = /bin/sh SRCS = termcap.c tparam.c version.c OBJS = termcap.o tparam.o version.o HDRS = termcap.h DISTFILES = $(SRCS) $(HDRS) ChangeLog COPYING README INSTALL NEWS \ termcap.texi termcap.info* \ texinfo.tex Makefile.in configure configure.in all: libtermcap.a termcap.info .c.o: $(CC) -c $(CPPFLAGS) $(DEFS) -I$(srcdir) $(CFLAGS) $< install: all $(INSTALL_DATA) libtermcap.a $(libdir)/libtermcap.a -ranlib $(libdir)/libtermcap.a test -d $(includedir) || mkdir $(includedir) cd $(srcdir); $(INSTALL_DATA) termcap.h $(includedir)/termcap.h -cd $(srcdir); test -z "$(oldincludedir)" || \ $(INSTALL_DATA) termcap.h $(oldincludedir)/termcap.h cd $(srcdir); for f in termcap.info*; \ do $(INSTALL_DATA) $$f $(infodir)/$$f; done uninstall: rm -f $(libdir)/libtermcap.a $(includedir)/termcap.h test -z "$(oldincludedir)" || rm -f $(oldincludedir)/termcap.h rm -f $(infodir)/termcap.info* libtermcap.a: $(OBJS) ar rc $@ $(OBJS) -ranlib $@ termcap.info: termcap.texi $(MAKEINFO) $(srcdir)/termcap.texi --output=$(srcdir)/termcap.info TAGS: $(SRCS) etags $(SRCS) clean: rm -f *.a *.o core mostlyclean: clean distclean: clean rm -f Makefile config.status realclean: distclean rm -f TAGS *.info* dist: $(DISTFILES) echo termcap-`sed -e '/version_string/!d' -e 's/[^0-9]*\([0-9a-z.]*\).*/\1/' -e q version.c` > .fname rm -rf `cat .fname` mkdir `cat .fname` ln $(DISTFILES) `cat .fname` tar chzf `cat .fname`.tar.z `cat .fname` rm -rf `cat .fname` .fname bash-1.14.3/lib/termcap/grot/configure 775 436 0 23116 5416304536 15767 0ustar chetwheel#!/bin/sh # Guess values for system-dependent variables and create Makefiles. # Generated automatically using autoconf. # Copyright (C) 1991, 1992, 1993 Free Software Foundation, Inc. # This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify # it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by # the Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option) # any later version. # This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, # but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of # MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the # GNU General Public License for more details. # You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License # along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software # Foundation, Inc., 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. # Usage: configure [--srcdir=DIR] [--host=HOST] [--gas] [--nfp] [--no-create] # [--prefix=PREFIX] [--exec-prefix=PREFIX] [--with-PACKAGE] [TARGET] # Ignores all args except --srcdir, --prefix, --exec-prefix, --no-create, and # --with-PACKAGE unless this script has special code to handle it. for arg do # Handle --exec-prefix with a space before the argument. if test x$next_exec_prefix = xyes; then exec_prefix=$arg; next_exec_prefix= # Handle --host with a space before the argument. elif test x$next_host = xyes; then next_host= # Handle --prefix with a space before the argument. elif test x$next_prefix = xyes; then prefix=$arg; next_prefix= # Handle --srcdir with a space before the argument. elif test x$next_srcdir = xyes; then srcdir=$arg; next_srcdir= else case $arg in # For backward compatibility, also recognize exact --exec_prefix. -exec-prefix=* | --exec_prefix=* | --exec-prefix=* | --exec-prefi=* | --exec-pref=* | --exec-pre=* | --exec-pr=* | --exec-p=* | --exec-=* | --exec=* | --exe=* | --ex=* | --e=*) exec_prefix=`echo $arg | sed 's/[-a-z_]*=//'` ;; -exec-prefix | --exec_prefix | --exec-prefix | --exec-prefi | --exec-pref | --exec-pre | --exec-pr | --exec-p | --exec- | --exec | --exe | --ex | --e) next_exec_prefix=yes ;; -gas | --gas | --ga | --g) ;; -host=* | --host=* | --hos=* | --ho=* | --h=*) ;; -host | --host | --hos | --ho | --h) next_host=yes ;; -nfp | --nfp | --nf) ;; -no-create | --no-create | --no-creat | --no-crea | --no-cre | --no-cr | --no-c | --no- | --no) no_create=1 ;; -prefix=* | --prefix=* | --prefi=* | --pref=* | --pre=* | --pr=* | --p=*) prefix=`echo $arg | sed 's/[-a-z_]*=//'` ;; -prefix | --prefix | --prefi | --pref | --pre | --pr | --p) next_prefix=yes ;; -srcdir=* | --srcdir=* | --srcdi=* | --srcd=* | --src=* | --sr=* | --s=*) srcdir=`echo $arg | sed 's/[-a-z_]*=//'` ;; -srcdir | --srcdir | --srcdi | --srcd | --src | --sr | --s) next_srcdir=yes ;; -with-* | --with-*) package=`echo $arg|sed 's/-*with-//'` # Delete all the valid chars; see if any are left. if test -n "`echo $package|sed 's/[-a-zA-Z0-9_]*//g'`"; then echo "configure: $package: invalid package name" >&2; exit 1 fi eval "with_`echo $package|sed s/-/_/g`=1" ;; -v | -verbose | --verbose | --verbos | --verbo | --verb | --ver | --ve | --v) verbose=yes ;; *) ;; esac fi done trap 'rm -f conftest* core; exit 1' 1 3 15 rm -f conftest* compile='${CC-cc} $CFLAGS $DEFS conftest.c -o conftest $LIBS >/dev/null 2>&1' # A filename unique to this package, relative to the directory that # configure is in, which we can look for to find out if srcdir is correct. unique_file=termcap.h # Find the source files, if location was not specified. if test -z "$srcdir"; then srcdirdefaulted=yes # Try the directory containing this script, then `..'. prog=$0 confdir=`echo $prog|sed 's%/[^/][^/]*$%%'` test "X$confdir" = "X$prog" && confdir=. srcdir=$confdir if test ! -r $srcdir/$unique_file; then srcdir=.. fi fi if test ! -r $srcdir/$unique_file; then if test x$srcdirdefaulted = xyes; then echo "configure: Can not find sources in \`${confdir}' or \`..'." 1>&2 else echo "configure: Can not find sources in \`${srcdir}'." 1>&2 fi exit 1 fi # Preserve a srcdir of `.' to avoid automounter screwups with pwd. # But we can't avoid them for `..', to make subdirectories work. case $srcdir in .|/*|~*) ;; *) srcdir=`cd $srcdir; pwd` ;; # Make relative path absolute. esac if test -z "$CC"; then echo checking for gcc saveifs="$IFS"; IFS="${IFS}:" for dir in $PATH; do test -z "$dir" && dir=. if test -f $dir/gcc; then CC="gcc" break fi done IFS="$saveifs" fi test -z "$CC" && CC="cc" # Find out if we are using GNU C, under whatever name. cat > conftest.c < conftest.out 2>&1 if egrep yes conftest.out >/dev/null 2>&1; then GCC=1 # For later tests. fi rm -f conftest* echo checking how to run the C preprocessor if test -z "$CPP"; then CPP='${CC-cc} -E' cat > conftest.c < EOF err=`eval "($CPP $DEFS conftest.c >/dev/null) 2>&1"` if test -z "$err"; then : else CPP=/lib/cpp fi rm -f conftest* fi # Make sure to not get the incompatible SysV /etc/install and # /usr/sbin/install, which might be in PATH before a BSD-like install, # or the SunOS /usr/etc/install directory, or the AIX /bin/install, # or the AFS install, which mishandles nonexistent args. (Sigh.) if test -z "$INSTALL"; then echo checking for install saveifs="$IFS"; IFS="${IFS}:" for dir in $PATH; do test -z "$dir" && dir=. case $dir in /etc|/usr/sbin|/usr/etc|/usr/afsws/bin) ;; *) if test -f $dir/installbsd; then INSTALL="$dir/installbsd -c" # OSF1 INSTALL_PROGRAM='$(INSTALL)' INSTALL_DATA='$(INSTALL) -m 644' break fi if test -f $dir/install; then if grep dspmsg $dir/install >/dev/null 2>&1; then : # AIX else INSTALL="$dir/install -c" INSTALL_PROGRAM='$(INSTALL)' INSTALL_DATA='$(INSTALL) -m 644' break fi fi ;; esac done IFS="$saveifs" fi INSTALL=${INSTALL-cp} INSTALL_PROGRAM=${INSTALL_PROGRAM-'$(INSTALL)'} INSTALL_DATA=${INSTALL_DATA-'$(INSTALL)'} for hdr in string.h do trhdr=HAVE_`echo $hdr | tr '[a-z]./' '[A-Z]__'` echo checking for ${hdr} cat > conftest.c < EOF err=`eval "($CPP $DEFS conftest.c >/dev/null) 2>&1"` if test -z "$err"; then { test -n "$verbose" && \ echo ' defining' ${trhdr} DEFS="$DEFS -D${trhdr}=1" } fi rm -f conftest* done echo checking for unistd.h cat > conftest.c < EOF err=`eval "($CPP $DEFS conftest.c >/dev/null) 2>&1"` if test -z "$err"; then { test -n "$verbose" && \ echo ' defining' HAVE_UNISTD_H DEFS="$DEFS -DHAVE_UNISTD_H=1" } fi rm -f conftest* echo checking for ANSI C header files cat > conftest.c < #include #include #include EOF err=`eval "($CPP $DEFS conftest.c >/dev/null) 2>&1"` if test -z "$err"; then # SunOS 4.x string.h does not declare mem*, contrary to ANSI. echo '#include ' > conftest.c eval "$CPP $DEFS conftest.c > conftest.out 2>&1" if egrep "memchr" conftest.out >/dev/null 2>&1; then # SGI's /bin/cc from Irix-4.0.5 gets non-ANSI ctype macros unless using -ansi. cat > conftest.c < #define ISLOWER(c) ('a' <= (c) && (c) <= 'z') #define TOUPPER(c) (ISLOWER(c) ? 'A' + ((c) - 'a') : (c)) #define XOR(e,f) (((e) && !(f)) || (!(e) && (f))) int main () { int i; for (i = 0; i < 256; i++) if (XOR (islower (i), ISLOWER (i)) || toupper (i) != TOUPPER (i)) exit(2); exit (0); } EOF eval $compile if test -s conftest && (./conftest; exit) 2>/dev/null; then { test -n "$verbose" && \ echo ' defining' STDC_HEADERS DEFS="$DEFS -DSTDC_HEADERS=1" } fi rm -f conftest* fi rm -f conftest* fi rm -f conftest* if test -n "$prefix"; then test -z "$exec_prefix" && exec_prefix='${prefix}' prsub="s%^prefix\\([ ]*\\)=\\([ ]*\\).*$%prefix\\1=\\2$prefix%" fi if test -n "$exec_prefix"; then prsub="$prsub s%^exec_prefix\\([ ]*\\)=\\([ ]*\\).*$%\ exec_prefix\\1=\\2$exec_prefix%" fi trap 'rm -f config.status; exit 1' 1 3 15 echo creating config.status rm -f config.status cat > config.status </dev/null | sed 1q`: # # $0 $* for arg do case "\$arg" in -recheck | --recheck | --rechec | --reche | --rech | --rec | --re | --r) exec /bin/sh $0 $* ;; *) echo "Usage: config.status --recheck" 2>&1; exit 1 ;; esac done trap 'rm -f Makefile; exit 1' 1 3 15 PROGS='$PROGS' CC='$CC' CPP='$CPP' INSTALL='$INSTALL' INSTALL_PROGRAM='$INSTALL_PROGRAM' INSTALL_DATA='$INSTALL_DATA' LIBS='$LIBS' srcdir='$srcdir' DEFS='$DEFS' prefix='$prefix' exec_prefix='$exec_prefix' prsub='$prsub' EOF cat >> config.status <<\EOF top_srcdir=$srcdir for file in .. Makefile; do if [ "x$file" != "x.." ]; then srcdir=$top_srcdir # Remove last slash and all that follows it. Not all systems have dirname. dir=`echo $file|sed 's%/[^/][^/]*$%%'` if test "$dir" != "$file"; then test "$top_srcdir" != . && srcdir=$top_srcdir/$dir test ! -d $dir && mkdir $dir fi echo creating $file rm -f $file echo "# Generated automatically from `echo $file|sed 's|.*/||'`.in by configure." > $file sed -e " $prsub s%@PROGS@%$PROGS%g s%@CC@%$CC%g s%@CPP@%$CPP%g s%@INSTALL@%$INSTALL%g s%@INSTALL_PROGRAM@%$INSTALL_PROGRAM%g s%@INSTALL_DATA@%$INSTALL_DATA%g s%@LIBS@%$LIBS%g s%@srcdir@%$srcdir%g s%@DEFS@%$DEFS% " $top_srcdir/${file}.in >> $file fi; done exit 0 EOF chmod +x config.status test -n "$no_create" || ./config.status bash-1.14.3/lib/termcap/grot/configure.in 664 436 0 332 5416304536 16324 0ustar chetwheeldnl Process this file with autoconf to produce a configure script. AC_INIT(termcap.h) AC_SUBST(PROGS)dnl AC_PROG_CC AC_PROG_CPP AC_PROG_INSTALL AC_HAVE_HEADERS(string.h) AC_UNISTD_H AC_STDC_HEADERS AC_OUTPUT(Makefile) bash-1.14.3/lib/termcap/grot/COPYING 664 436 0 43076 5416304535 15121 0ustar chetwheel GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE Version 2, June 1991 Copyright (C) 1989, 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc. 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies of this license document, but changing it is not allowed. Preamble The licenses for most software are designed to take away your freedom to share and change it. By contrast, the GNU General Public License is intended to guarantee your freedom to share and change free software--to make sure the software is free for all its users. This General Public License applies to most of the Free Software Foundation's software and to any other program whose authors commit to using it. (Some other Free Software Foundation software is covered by the GNU Library General Public License instead.) You can apply it to your programs, too. When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom, not price. Our General Public Licenses are designed to make sure that you have the freedom to distribute copies of free software (and charge for this service if you wish), that you receive source code or can get it if you want it, that you can change the software or use pieces of it in new free programs; and that you know you can do these things. To protect your rights, we need to make restrictions that forbid anyone to deny you these rights or to ask you to surrender the rights. These restrictions translate to certain responsibilities for you if you distribute copies of the software, or if you modify it. For example, if you distribute copies of such a program, whether gratis or for a fee, you must give the recipients all the rights that you have. You must make sure that they, too, receive or can get the source code. And you must show them these terms so they know their rights. We protect your rights with two steps: (1) copyright the software, and (2) offer you this license which gives you legal permission to copy, distribute and/or modify the software. Also, for each author's protection and ours, we want to make certain that everyone understands that there is no warranty for this free software. If the software is modified by someone else and passed on, we want its recipients to know that what they have is not the original, so that any problems introduced by others will not reflect on the original authors' reputations. Finally, any free program is threatened constantly by software patents. We wish to avoid the danger that redistributors of a free program will individually obtain patent licenses, in effect making the program proprietary. To prevent this, we have made it clear that any patent must be licensed for everyone's free use or not licensed at all. The precise terms and conditions for copying, distribution and modification follow. GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR COPYING, DISTRIBUTION AND MODIFICATION 0. This License applies to any program or other work which contains a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it may be distributed under the terms of this General Public License. The "Program", below, refers to any such program or work, and a "work based on the Program" means either the Program or any derivative work under copyright law: that is to say, a work containing the Program or a portion of it, either verbatim or with modifications and/or translated into another language. (Hereinafter, translation is included without limitation in the term "modification".) Each licensee is addressed as "you". Activities other than copying, distribution and modification are not covered by this License; they are outside its scope. The act of running the Program is not restricted, and the output from the Program is covered only if its contents constitute a work based on the Program (independent of having been made by running the Program). Whether that is true depends on what the Program does. 1. You may copy and distribute verbatim copies of the Program's source code as you receive it, in any medium, provided that you conspicuously and appropriately publish on each copy an appropriate copyright notice and disclaimer of warranty; keep intact all the notices that refer to this License and to the absence of any warranty; and give any other recipients of the Program a copy of this License along with the Program. You may charge a fee for the physical act of transferring a copy, and you may at your option offer warranty protection in exchange for a fee. 2. You may modify your copy or copies of the Program or any portion of it, thus forming a work based on the Program, and copy and distribute such modifications or work under the terms of Section 1 above, provided that you also meet all of these conditions: a) You must cause the modified files to carry prominent notices stating that you changed the files and the date of any change. b) You must cause any work that you distribute or publish, that in whole or in part contains or is derived from the Program or any part thereof, to be licensed as a whole at no charge to all third parties under the terms of this License. c) If the modified program normally reads commands interactively when run, you must cause it, when started running for such interactive use in the most ordinary way, to print or display an announcement including an appropriate copyright notice and a notice that there is no warranty (or else, saying that you provide a warranty) and that users may redistribute the program under these conditions, and telling the user how to view a copy of this License. (Exception: if the Program itself is interactive but does not normally print such an announcement, your work based on the Program is not required to print an announcement.) These requirements apply to the modified work as a whole. If identifiable sections of that work are not derived from the Program, and can be reasonably considered independent and separate works in themselves, then this License, and its terms, do not apply to those sections when you distribute them as separate works. But when you distribute the same sections as part of a whole which is a work based on the Program, the distribution of the whole must be on the terms of this License, whose permissions for other licensees extend to the entire whole, and thus to each and every part regardless of who wrote it. Thus, it is not the intent of this section to claim rights or contest your rights to work written entirely by you; rather, the intent is to exercise the right to control the distribution of derivative or collective works based on the Program. In addition, mere aggregation of another work not based on the Program with the Program (or with a work based on the Program) on a volume of a storage or distribution medium does not bring the other work under the scope of this License. 3. You may copy and distribute the Program (or a work based on it, under Section 2) in object code or executable form under the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above provided that you also do one of the following: a) Accompany it with the complete corresponding machine-readable source code, which must be distributed under the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above on a medium customarily used for software interchange; or, b) Accompany it with a written offer, valid for at least three years, to give any third party, for a charge no more than your cost of physically performing source distribution, a complete machine-readable copy of the corresponding source code, to be distributed under the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above on a medium customarily used for software interchange; or, c) Accompany it with the information you received as to the offer to distribute corresponding source code. (This alternative is allowed only for noncommercial distribution and only if you received the program in object code or executable form with such an offer, in accord with Subsection b above.) The source code for a work means the preferred form of the work for making modifications to it. For an executable work, complete source code means all the source code for all modules it contains, plus any associated interface definition files, plus the scripts used to control compilation and installation of the executable. However, as a special exception, the source code distributed need not include anything that is normally distributed (in either source or binary form) with the major components (compiler, kernel, and so on) of the operating system on which the executable runs, unless that component itself accompanies the executable. If distribution of executable or object code is made by offering access to copy from a designated place, then offering equivalent access to copy the source code from the same place counts as distribution of the source code, even though third parties are not compelled to copy the source along with the object code. 4. You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Program except as expressly provided under this License. Any attempt otherwise to copy, modify, sublicense or distribute the Program is void, and will automatically terminate your rights under this License. However, parties who have received copies, or rights, from you under this License will not have their licenses terminated so long as such parties remain in full compliance. 5. You are not required to accept this License, since you have not signed it. However, nothing else grants you permission to modify or distribute the Program or its derivative works. These actions are prohibited by law if you do not accept this License. Therefore, by modifying or distributing the Program (or any work based on the Program), you indicate your acceptance of this License to do so, and all its terms and conditions for copying, distributing or modifying the Program or works based on it. 6. Each time you redistribute the Program (or any work based on the Program), the recipient automatically receives a license from the original licensor to copy, distribute or modify the Program subject to these terms and conditions. You may not impose any further restrictions on the recipients' exercise of the rights granted herein. You are not responsible for enforcing compliance by third parties to this License. 7. If, as a consequence of a court judgment or allegation of patent infringement or for any other reason (not limited to patent issues), conditions are imposed on you (whether by court order, agreement or otherwise) that contradict the conditions of this License, they do not excuse you from the conditions of this License. If you cannot distribute so as to satisfy simultaneously your obligations under this License and any other pertinent obligations, then as a consequence you may not distribute the Program at all. For example, if a patent license would not permit royalty-free redistribution of the Program by all those who receive copies directly or indirectly through you, then the only way you could satisfy both it and this License would be to refrain entirely from distribution of the Program. If any portion of this section is held invalid or unenforceable under any particular circumstance, the balance of the section is intended to apply and the section as a whole is intended to apply in other circumstances. It is not the purpose of this section to induce you to infringe any patents or other property right claims or to contest validity of any such claims; this section has the sole purpose of protecting the integrity of the free software distribution system, which is implemented by public license practices. Many people have made generous contributions to the wide range of software distributed through that system in reliance on consistent application of that system; it is up to the author/donor to decide if he or she is willing to distribute software through any other system and a licensee cannot impose that choice. This section is intended to make thoroughly clear what is believed to be a consequence of the rest of this License. 8. If the distribution and/or use of the Program is restricted in certain countries either by patents or by copyrighted interfaces, the original copyright holder who places the Program under this License may add an explicit geographical distribution limitation excluding those countries, so that distribution is permitted only in or among countries not thus excluded. In such case, this License incorporates the limitation as if written in the body of this License. 9. The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new versions of the General Public License from time to time. Such new versions will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in detail to address new problems or concerns. Each version is given a distinguishing version number. If the Program specifies a version number of this License which applies to it and "any later version", you have the option of following the terms and conditions either of that version or of any later version published by the Free Software Foundation. If the Program does not specify a version number of this License, you may choose any version ever published by the Free Software Foundation. 10. If you wish to incorporate parts of the Program into other free programs whose distribution conditions are different, write to the author to ask for permission. For software which is copyrighted by the Free Software Foundation, write to the Free Software Foundation; we sometimes make exceptions for this. Our decision will be guided by the two goals of preserving the free status of all derivatives of our free software and of promoting the sharing and reuse of software generally. NO WARRANTY 11. BECAUSE THE PROGRAM IS LICENSED FREE OF CHARGE, THERE IS NO WARRANTY FOR THE PROGRAM, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW. EXCEPT WHEN OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND/OR OTHER PARTIES PROVIDE THE PROGRAM "AS IS" WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE PROGRAM IS WITH YOU. SHOULD THE PROGRAM PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME THE COST OF ALL NECESSARY SERVICING, REPAIR OR CORRECTION. 12. IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN WRITING WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MAY MODIFY AND/OR REDISTRIBUTE THE PROGRAM AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAMAGES, INCLUDING ANY GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE PROGRAM (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO LOSS OF DATA OR DATA BEING RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY YOU OR THIRD PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE PROGRAM TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER PROGRAMS), EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES. END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS Appendix: How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the greatest possible use to the public, the best way to achieve this is to make it free software which everyone can redistribute and change under these terms. To do so, attach the following notices to the program. It is safest to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively convey the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least the "copyright" line and a pointer to where the full notice is found. Copyright (C) 19yy This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later version. This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details. You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail. If the program is interactive, make it output a short notice like this when it starts in an interactive mode: Gnomovision version 69, Copyright (C) 19yy name of author Gnomovision comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details type `show w'. This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it under certain conditions; type `show c' for details. The hypothetical commands `show w' and `show c' should show the appropriate parts of the General Public License. Of course, the commands you use may be called something other than `show w' and `show c'; they could even be mouse-clicks or menu items--whatever suits your program. You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or your school, if any, to sign a "copyright disclaimer" for the program, if necessary. Here is a sample; alter the names: Yoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all copyright interest in the program `Gnomovision' (which makes passes at compilers) written by James Hacker. , 1 April 1989 Ty Coon, President of Vice This General Public License does not permit incorporating your program into proprietary programs. If your program is a subroutine library, you may consider it more useful to permit linking proprietary applications with the library. If this is what you want to do, use the GNU Library General Public License instead of this License. bash-1.14.3/lib/termcap/grot/README 664 436 0 1255 5416304536 14720 0ustar chetwheelThis is the GNU termcap library -- a library of C functions that enable programs to send control strings to terminals in a way independent of the terminal type. Most of this package is also distributed with GNU Emacs, but it is available in this separate distribution to make it easier to install as -ltermcap. The GNU termcap library does not place an arbitrary limit on the size of termcap entries, unlike most other termcap libraries. See the file INSTALL for compilation and installation instructions. Please report any bugs in this library to bug-gnu-emacs@prep.ai.mit.edu. You can check which version of the library you have by using the RCS `ident' command on libtermcap.a. bash-1.14.3/lib/termcap/Makefile 644 436 0 2777 5416305114 14526 0ustar chetwheel## -*- text -*- #################################################### # # # Makefile for termcap replacement libbrary. # # # #################################################################### # Here is a rule for making .o files from .c files that doesn't force # the type of the machine (like -sun3) into the flags. .c.o: $(CC) -c $(CFLAGS) $(LOCAL_INCLUDES) $(CPPFLAGS) $*.c # Destination installation directory. The libraries are copied to DESTDIR # when you do a `make install'. DESTDIR = /usr/local/lib DEBUG_FLAGS = -g #OPTIMIZE_FLAGS = -O LDFLAGS = $(DEBUG_FLAGS) CFLAGS = $(DEBUG_FLAGS) $(OPTIMIZE_FLAGS) SHELL = /bin/sh # A good alternative is gcc -traditional. #CC = gcc -traditional CC = cc RANLIB = /usr/bin/ranlib AR = ar RM = rm CP = cp CSOURCES = termcap.c tparam.c SOURCES = $(CSOURCES) OBJECTS = termcap.o tparam.o DOCUMENTATION = termcap.texinfo THINGS_TO_TAR = $(SOURCES) $(DOCUMENTATION) ########################################################################## all: libtermcap.a libtermcap.a: $(OBJECTS) $(RM) -f $@ $(AR) clq $@ $(OBJECTS) -if [ -f "$(RANLIB)" ]; then $(RANLIB) $@ ; fi termcap.tar: $(THINGS_TO_TAR) tar -cf $@ $(THINGS_TO_TAR) termcap.tar.Z: termcap.tar compress -f termcap.tar install: $(DESTDIR)/libtermcap.a clean: rm -f *.o *.a *.log *.cp *.tp *.vr *.fn *.aux *.pg *.toc $(DESTDIR)/libtermcap.a: libtermcap.a -mv $(DESTDIR)/libtermcap.a $(DESTDIR)/libtermcap.old cp libtermcap.a $@ if [ -f "$(RANLIB) ]; then $(RANLIB) -t $@ bash-1.14.3/lib/termcap/termcap.c 664 436 0 35613 5416304537 14712 0ustar chetwheel/* Work-alike for termcap, plus extra features. Copyright (C) 1985, 1986, 1993 Free Software Foundation, Inc. This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option) any later version. This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details. You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with this program; see the file COPYING. If not, write to the Free Software Foundation, 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. */ /* Emacs config.h may rename various library functions such as malloc. */ #ifdef HAVE_CONFIG_H #include "config.h" #else /* not HAVE_CONFIG_H */ #if defined(HAVE_STRING_H) || defined(STDC_HEADERS) #define bcopy(s, d, n) memcpy ((d), (s), (n)) #endif #ifdef STDC_HEADERS #include #include #else char *getenv (); char *malloc (); char *realloc (); #endif #ifdef HAVE_UNISTD_H #include #endif #ifdef _POSIX_VERSION #include #endif #endif /* not HAVE_CONFIG_H */ #ifndef NULL #define NULL (char *) 0 #endif /* BUFSIZE is the initial size allocated for the buffer for reading the termcap file. It is not a limit. Make it large normally for speed. Make it variable when debugging, so can exercise increasing the space dynamically. */ #ifndef BUFSIZE #ifdef DEBUG #define BUFSIZE bufsize int bufsize = 128; #else #define BUFSIZE 2048 #endif #endif #ifndef emacs static void memory_out () { write (2, "virtual memory exhausted\n", 25); exit (1); } static char * xmalloc (size) unsigned size; { register char *tem = malloc (size); if (!tem) memory_out (); return tem; } static char * xrealloc (ptr, size) char *ptr; unsigned size; { register char *tem = realloc (ptr, size); if (!tem) memory_out (); return tem; } #endif /* not emacs */ /* Looking up capabilities in the entry already found. */ /* The pointer to the data made by tgetent is left here for tgetnum, tgetflag and tgetstr to find. */ static char *term_entry; static char *tgetst1 (); /* Search entry BP for capability CAP. Return a pointer to the capability (in BP) if found, 0 if not found. */ static char * find_capability (bp, cap) register char *bp, *cap; { for (; *bp; bp++) if (bp[0] == ':' && bp[1] == cap[0] && bp[2] == cap[1]) return &bp[4]; return NULL; } int tgetnum (cap) char *cap; { register char *ptr = find_capability (term_entry, cap); if (!ptr || ptr[-1] != '#') return -1; return atoi (ptr); } int tgetflag (cap) char *cap; { register char *ptr = find_capability (term_entry, cap); return ptr && ptr[-1] == ':'; } /* Look up a string-valued capability CAP. If AREA is non-null, it points to a pointer to a block in which to store the string. That pointer is advanced over the space used. If AREA is null, space is allocated with `malloc'. */ char * tgetstr (cap, area) char *cap; char **area; { register char *ptr = find_capability (term_entry, cap); if (!ptr || (ptr[-1] != '=' && ptr[-1] != '~')) return NULL; return tgetst1 (ptr, area); } /* Table, indexed by a character in range 0100 to 0140 with 0100 subtracted, gives meaning of character following \, or a space if no special meaning. Eight characters per line within the string. */ static char esctab[] = " \007\010 \033\014 \ \012 \ \015 \011 \013 \ "; /* PTR points to a string value inside a termcap entry. Copy that value, processing \ and ^ abbreviations, into the block that *AREA points to, or to newly allocated storage if AREA is NULL. Return the address to which we copied the value, or NULL if PTR is NULL. */ static char * tgetst1 (ptr, area) char *ptr; char **area; { register char *p, *r; register int c; register int size; char *ret; register int c1; if (!ptr) return NULL; /* `ret' gets address of where to store the string. */ if (!area) { /* Compute size of block needed (may overestimate). */ p = ptr; while ((c = *p++) && c != ':' && c != '\n') ; ret = (char *) xmalloc (p - ptr + 1); } else ret = *area; /* Copy the string value, stopping at null or colon. Also process ^ and \ abbreviations. */ p = ptr; r = ret; while ((c = *p++) && c != ':' && c != '\n') { if (c == '^') c = *p++ & 037; else if (c == '\\') { c = *p++; if (c >= '0' && c <= '7') { c -= '0'; size = 0; while (++size < 3 && (c1 = *p) >= '0' && c1 <= '7') { c *= 8; c += c1 - '0'; p++; } } else if (c >= 0100 && c < 0200) { c1 = esctab[(c & ~040) - 0100]; if (c1 != ' ') c = c1; } } *r++ = c; } *r = '\0'; /* Update *AREA. */ if (area) *area = r + 1; return ret; } /* Outputting a string with padding. */ short ospeed; /* If OSPEED is 0, we use this as the actual baud rate. */ int tputs_baud_rate; char PC; /* Actual baud rate if positive; - baud rate / 100 if negative. */ static short speeds[] = { #ifdef VMS 0, 50, 75, 110, 134, 150, -3, -6, -12, -18, -20, -24, -36, -48, -72, -96, -192 #else /* not VMS */ 0, 50, 75, 110, 135, 150, -2, -3, -6, -12, -18, -24, -48, -96, -192, -384 #endif /* not VMS */ }; void tputs (str, nlines, outfun) register char *str; int nlines; register int (*outfun) (); { register int padcount = 0; register int speed; #ifdef emacs extern baud_rate; speed = baud_rate; #else if (ospeed == 0) speed = tputs_baud_rate; else speed = speeds[ospeed]; #endif if (!str) return; while (*str >= '0' && *str <= '9') { padcount += *str++ - '0'; padcount *= 10; } if (*str == '.') { str++; padcount += *str++ - '0'; } if (*str == '*') { str++; padcount *= nlines; } while (*str) (*outfun) (*str++); /* padcount is now in units of tenths of msec. */ padcount *= speeds[ospeed]; padcount += 500; padcount /= 1000; if (speeds[ospeed] < 0) padcount = -padcount; else { padcount += 50; padcount /= 100; } while (padcount-- > 0) (*outfun) (PC); } /* Finding the termcap entry in the termcap data base. */ struct buffer { char *beg; int size; char *ptr; int ateof; int full; }; /* Forward declarations of static functions. */ static int scan_file (); static char *gobble_line (); static int compare_contin (); static int name_match (); #ifdef VMS #include #include #include static int valid_filename_p (fn) char *fn; { struct FAB fab = cc$rms_fab; struct NAM nam = cc$rms_nam; char esa[NAM$C_MAXRSS]; fab.fab$l_fna = fn; fab.fab$b_fns = strlen(fn); fab.fab$l_nam = &nam; fab.fab$l_fop = FAB$M_NAM; nam.nam$l_esa = esa; nam.nam$b_ess = sizeof esa; return SYS$PARSE(&fab, 0, 0) == RMS$_NORMAL; } #else /* !VMS */ #define valid_filename_p(fn) (*(fn) == '/') #endif /* !VMS */ /* Find the termcap entry data for terminal type NAME and store it in the block that BP points to. Record its address for future use. If BP is null, space is dynamically allocated. Return -1 if there is some difficulty accessing the data base of terminal types, 0 if the data base is accessible but the type NAME is not defined in it, and some other value otherwise. */ int tgetent (bp, name) char *bp, *name; { register char *termcap_name; register int fd; struct buffer buf; register char *bp1; char *bp2; char *term; int malloc_size = 0; register int c; char *tcenv; /* TERMCAP value, if it contains :tc=. */ char *indirect = NULL; /* Terminal type in :tc= in TERMCAP value. */ int filep; termcap_name = getenv ("TERMCAP"); if (termcap_name && *termcap_name == '\0') termcap_name = NULL; filep = termcap_name && valid_filename_p (termcap_name); /* If termcap_name is non-null and starts with / (in the un*x case, that is), it is a file name to use instead of /etc/termcap. If it is non-null and does not start with /, it is the entry itself, but only if the name the caller requested matches the TERM variable. */ if (termcap_name && !filep && !strcmp (name, getenv ("TERM"))) { indirect = tgetst1 (find_capability (termcap_name, "tc"), (char **) 0); if (!indirect) { if (!bp) bp = termcap_name; else strcpy (bp, termcap_name); goto ret; } else { /* It has tc=. Need to read /etc/termcap. */ tcenv = termcap_name; termcap_name = NULL; } } if (!termcap_name || !filep) #ifdef VMS termcap_name = "emacs_library:[etc]termcap.dat"; #else termcap_name = "/etc/termcap"; #endif /* Here we know we must search a file and termcap_name has its name. */ fd = open (termcap_name, 0, 0); if (fd < 0) return -1; buf.size = BUFSIZE; /* Add 1 to size to ensure room for terminating null. */ buf.beg = (char *) xmalloc (buf.size + 1); term = indirect ? indirect : name; if (!bp) { malloc_size = indirect ? strlen (tcenv) + 1 : buf.size; bp = (char *) xmalloc (malloc_size); } bp1 = bp; if (indirect) /* Copy the data from the environment variable. */ { strcpy (bp, tcenv); bp1 += strlen (tcenv); } while (term) { /* Scan the file, reading it via buf, till find start of main entry. */ if (scan_file (term, fd, &buf) == 0) { close (fd); free (buf.beg); if (malloc_size) free (bp); return 0; } /* Free old `term' if appropriate. */ if (term != name) free (term); /* If BP is malloc'd by us, make sure it is big enough. */ if (malloc_size) { malloc_size = bp1 - bp + buf.size; termcap_name = (char *) xrealloc (bp, malloc_size); bp1 += termcap_name - bp; bp = termcap_name; } bp2 = bp1; /* Copy the line of the entry from buf into bp. */ termcap_name = buf.ptr; while ((*bp1++ = c = *termcap_name++) && c != '\n') /* Drop out any \ newline sequence. */ if (c == '\\' && *termcap_name == '\n') { bp1--; termcap_name++; } *bp1 = '\0'; /* Does this entry refer to another terminal type's entry? If something is found, copy it into heap and null-terminate it. */ term = tgetst1 (find_capability (bp2, "tc"), (char **) 0); } close (fd); free (buf.beg); if (malloc_size) bp = (char *) xrealloc (bp, bp1 - bp + 1); ret: term_entry = bp; if (malloc_size) return (int) bp; return 1; } /* Given file open on FD and buffer BUFP, scan the file from the beginning until a line is found that starts the entry for terminal type STR. Return 1 if successful, with that line in BUFP, or 0 if no entry is found in the file. */ static int scan_file (str, fd, bufp) char *str; int fd; register struct buffer *bufp; { register char *end; bufp->ptr = bufp->beg; bufp->full = 0; bufp->ateof = 0; *bufp->ptr = '\0'; lseek (fd, 0L, 0); while (!bufp->ateof) { /* Read a line into the buffer. */ end = NULL; do { /* if it is continued, append another line to it, until a non-continued line ends. */ end = gobble_line (fd, bufp, end); } while (!bufp->ateof && end[-2] == '\\'); if (*bufp->ptr != '#' && name_match (bufp->ptr, str)) return 1; /* Discard the line just processed. */ bufp->ptr = end; } return 0; } /* Return nonzero if NAME is one of the names specified by termcap entry LINE. */ static int name_match (line, name) char *line, *name; { register char *tem; if (!compare_contin (line, name)) return 1; /* This line starts an entry. Is it the right one? */ for (tem = line; *tem && *tem != '\n' && *tem != ':'; tem++) if (*tem == '|' && !compare_contin (tem + 1, name)) return 1; return 0; } static int compare_contin (str1, str2) register char *str1, *str2; { register int c1, c2; while (1) { c1 = *str1++; c2 = *str2++; while (c1 == '\\' && *str1 == '\n') { str1++; while ((c1 = *str1++) == ' ' || c1 == '\t'); } if (c2 == '\0') { /* End of type being looked up. */ if (c1 == '|' || c1 == ':') /* If end of name in data base, we win. */ return 0; else return 1; } else if (c1 != c2) return 1; } } /* Make sure that the buffer <- BUFP contains a full line of the file open on FD, starting at the place BUFP->ptr points to. Can read more of the file, discard stuff before BUFP->ptr, or make the buffer bigger. Return the pointer to after the newline ending the line, or to the end of the file, if there is no newline to end it. Can also merge on continuation lines. If APPEND_END is non-null, it points past the newline of a line that is continued; we add another line onto it and regard the whole thing as one line. The caller decides when a line is continued. */ static char * gobble_line (fd, bufp, append_end) int fd; register struct buffer *bufp; char *append_end; { register char *end; register int nread; register char *buf = bufp->beg; register char *tem; if (!append_end) append_end = bufp->ptr; while (1) { end = append_end; while (*end && *end != '\n') end++; if (*end) break; if (bufp->ateof) return buf + bufp->full; if (bufp->ptr == buf) { if (bufp->full == bufp->size) { bufp->size *= 2; /* Add 1 to size to ensure room for terminating null. */ tem = (char *) xrealloc (buf, bufp->size + 1); bufp->ptr = (bufp->ptr - buf) + tem; append_end = (append_end - buf) + tem; bufp->beg = buf = tem; } } else { append_end -= bufp->ptr - buf; bcopy (bufp->ptr, buf, bufp->full -= bufp->ptr - buf); bufp->ptr = buf; } if (!(nread = read (fd, buf + bufp->full, bufp->size - bufp->full))) bufp->ateof = 1; bufp->full += nread; buf[bufp->full] = '\0'; } return end + 1; } #ifdef TEST #ifdef NULL #undef NULL #endif #include main (argc, argv) int argc; char **argv; { char *term; char *buf; term = argv[1]; printf ("TERM: %s\n", term); buf = (char *) tgetent (0, term); if ((int) buf <= 0) { printf ("No entry.\n"); return 0; } printf ("Entry: %s\n", buf); tprint ("cm"); tprint ("AL"); printf ("co: %d\n", tgetnum ("co")); printf ("am: %d\n", tgetflag ("am")); } tprint (cap) char *cap; { char *x = tgetstr (cap, 0); register char *y; printf ("%s: ", cap); if (x) { for (y = x; *y; y++) if (*y <= ' ' || *y == 0177) printf ("\\%0o", *y); else putchar (*y); free (x); } else printf ("none"); putchar ('\n'); } #endif /* TEST */ bash-1.14.3/lib/termcap/termcap.h 664 436 0 3137 5416304537 14673 0ustar chetwheel/* Declarations for termcap library. Copyright (C) 1991, 1992 Free Software Foundation, Inc. This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option) any later version. This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details. You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. */ #ifndef _TERMCAP_H #define _TERMCAP_H 1 #if __STDC__ extern int tgetent (char *buffer, const char *termtype); extern int tgetnum (const char *name); extern int tgetflag (const char *name); extern char *tgetstr (const char *name, char **area); extern char PC; extern short ospeed; extern void tputs (const char *string, int nlines, int (*outfun) ()); extern char *tparam (const char *ctlstring, char *buffer, int size, ...); extern char *UP; extern char *BC; extern char *tgoto (const char *cstring, int hpos, int vpos); #else /* not __STDC__ */ extern int tgetent (); extern int tgetnum (); extern int tgetflag (); extern char *tgetstr (); extern char PC; extern short ospeed; extern void tputs (); extern char *tparam (); extern char *UP; extern char *BC; extern char *tgoto (); #endif /* not __STDC__ */ #endif /* not _TERMCAP_H */ bash-1.14.3/lib/termcap/tparam.c 664 436 0 16675 5416304542 14546 0ustar chetwheel/* Merge parameters into a termcap entry string. Copyright (C) 1985, 1987, 1993 Free Software Foundation, Inc. This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option) any later version. This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details. You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with this program; see the file COPYING. If not, write to the Free Software Foundation, 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. */ /* Emacs config.h may rename various library functions such as malloc. */ #ifdef HAVE_CONFIG_H #include "config.h" #else /* not HAVE_CONFIG_H */ #if defined(HAVE_STRING_H) || defined(STDC_HEADERS) #define bcopy(s, d, n) memcpy ((d), (s), (n)) #endif #ifdef STDC_HEADERS #include #include #else char *malloc (); char *realloc (); #endif #endif /* not HAVE_CONFIG_H */ #ifndef NULL #define NULL (char *) 0 #endif #ifndef emacs static void memory_out () { write (2, "virtual memory exhausted\n", 25); exit (1); } static char * xmalloc (size) unsigned size; { register char *tem = malloc (size); if (!tem) memory_out (); return tem; } static char * xrealloc (ptr, size) char *ptr; unsigned size; { register char *tem = realloc (ptr, size); if (!tem) memory_out (); return tem; } #endif /* not emacs */ /* Assuming STRING is the value of a termcap string entry containing `%' constructs to expand parameters, merge in parameter values and store result in block OUTSTRING points to. LEN is the length of OUTSTRING. If more space is needed, a block is allocated with `malloc'. The value returned is the address of the resulting string. This may be OUTSTRING or may be the address of a block got with `malloc'. In the latter case, the caller must free the block. The fourth and following args to tparam serve as the parameter values. */ static char *tparam1 (); /* VARARGS 2 */ char * tparam (string, outstring, len, arg0, arg1, arg2, arg3) char *string; char *outstring; int len; int arg0, arg1, arg2, arg3; { #ifdef NO_ARG_ARRAY int arg[4]; arg[0] = arg0; arg[1] = arg1; arg[2] = arg2; arg[3] = arg3; return tparam1 (string, outstring, len, NULL, NULL, arg); #else return tparam1 (string, outstring, len, NULL, NULL, &arg0); #endif } char *BC; char *UP; static char tgoto_buf[50]; char * tgoto (cm, hpos, vpos) char *cm; int hpos, vpos; { int args[2]; if (!cm) return NULL; args[0] = vpos; args[1] = hpos; return tparam1 (cm, tgoto_buf, 50, UP, BC, args); } static char * tparam1 (string, outstring, len, up, left, argp) char *string; char *outstring; int len; char *up, *left; register int *argp; { register int c; register char *p = string; register char *op = outstring; char *outend; int outlen = 0; register int tem; int *old_argp = argp; int doleft = 0; int doup = 0; outend = outstring + len; while (1) { /* If the buffer might be too short, make it bigger. */ if (op + 5 >= outend) { register char *new; if (outlen == 0) { outlen = len + 40; new = (char *) xmalloc (outlen); outend += 40; bcopy (outstring, new, op - outstring); } else { outend += outlen; outlen *= 2; new = (char *) xrealloc (outstring, outlen); } op += new - outstring; outend += new - outstring; outstring = new; } c = *p++; if (!c) break; if (c == '%') { c = *p++; tem = *argp; switch (c) { case 'd': /* %d means output in decimal. */ if (tem < 10) goto onedigit; if (tem < 100) goto twodigit; case '3': /* %3 means output in decimal, 3 digits. */ if (tem > 999) { *op++ = tem / 1000 + '0'; tem %= 1000; } *op++ = tem / 100 + '0'; case '2': /* %2 means output in decimal, 2 digits. */ twodigit: tem %= 100; *op++ = tem / 10 + '0'; onedigit: *op++ = tem % 10 + '0'; argp++; break; case 'C': /* For c-100: print quotient of value by 96, if nonzero, then do like %+. */ if (tem >= 96) { *op++ = tem / 96; tem %= 96; } case '+': /* %+x means add character code of char x. */ tem += *p++; case '.': /* %. means output as character. */ if (left) { /* If want to forbid output of 0 and \n and \t, and this is one of them, increment it. */ while (tem == 0 || tem == '\n' || tem == '\t') { tem++; if (argp == old_argp) doup++, outend -= strlen (up); else doleft++, outend -= strlen (left); } } *op++ = tem ? tem : 0200; case 'f': /* %f means discard next arg. */ argp++; break; case 'b': /* %b means back up one arg (and re-use it). */ argp--; break; case 'r': /* %r means interchange following two args. */ argp[0] = argp[1]; argp[1] = tem; old_argp++; break; case '>': /* %>xy means if arg is > char code of x, */ if (argp[0] > *p++) /* then add char code of y to the arg, */ argp[0] += *p; /* and in any case don't output. */ p++; /* Leave the arg to be output later. */ break; case 'a': /* %a means arithmetic. */ /* Next character says what operation. Add or subtract either a constant or some other arg. */ /* First following character is + to add or - to subtract or = to assign. */ /* Next following char is 'p' and an arg spec (0100 plus position of that arg relative to this one) or 'c' and a constant stored in a character. */ tem = p[2] & 0177; if (p[1] == 'p') tem = argp[tem - 0100]; if (p[0] == '-') argp[0] -= tem; else if (p[0] == '+') argp[0] += tem; else if (p[0] == '*') argp[0] *= tem; else if (p[0] == '/') argp[0] /= tem; else argp[0] = tem; p += 3; break; case 'i': /* %i means add one to arg, */ argp[0] ++; /* and leave it to be output later. */ argp[1] ++; /* Increment the following arg, too! */ break; case '%': /* %% means output %; no arg. */ goto ordinary; case 'n': /* %n means xor each of next two args with 140. */ argp[0] ^= 0140; argp[1] ^= 0140; break; case 'm': /* %m means xor each of next two args with 177. */ argp[0] ^= 0177; argp[1] ^= 0177; break; case 'B': /* %B means express arg as BCD char code. */ argp[0] += 6 * (tem / 10); break; case 'D': /* %D means weird Delta Data transformation. */ argp[0] -= 2 * (tem % 16); break; } } else /* Ordinary character in the argument string. */ ordinary: *op++ = c; } *op = 0; while (doup-- > 0) strcat (op, up); while (doleft-- > 0) strcat (op, left); return outstring; } #ifdef DEBUG main (argc, argv) int argc; char **argv; { char buf[50]; int args[3]; args[0] = atoi (argv[2]); args[1] = atoi (argv[3]); args[2] = atoi (argv[4]); tparam1 (argv[1], buf, "LEFT", "UP", args); printf ("%s\n", buf); return 0; } #endif /* DEBUG */ bash-1.14.3/lib/termcap/version.c 664 436 0 202 5416304542 14662 0ustar chetwheel/* Make the library identifiable with the RCS ident command. */ static char *version_string = "\n$Version: GNU termcap 1.2 $\n"; bash-1.14.3/lib/tilde/ 775 436 0 0 5672706315 12455 5ustar chetwheelbash-1.14.3/lib/tilde/doc/ 775 436 0 0 5620515746 13221 5ustar chetwheelbash-1.14.3/lib/tilde/doc/tilde.texi 664 436 0 0 5253411407 15172 0ustar chetwheelbash-1.14.3/lib/tilde/doc/Makefile 664 436 0 66 5440734377 14706 0ustar chetwheel clean: rm -f glob.?? all: cp tilde.texi tilde.info bash-1.14.3/lib/tilde/ChangeLog 664 436 0 266 5253411406 14260 0ustar chetwheelMon Jul 13 12:01:51 1992 Brian Fox (bfox@cubit) * tilde.c: (tilde_expand_word) If there is no variable $HOME, then look up the user's home directory in the password database. bash-1.14.3/lib/tilde/Makefile 664 436 0 5342 5566752136 14205 0ustar chetwheel## -*- text -*- #################################################### # # # Makefile for the GNU Tilde Library. # # # #################################################################### # This Makefile is hand made from a template file, found in # ../template. Each library must provide several Makefile # targets: `all', `clean', `documentation', `install', and # `what-tar'. The `what-tar' target reports the names of the # files that need to be included in a tarfile to build the full # code and documentation for this library. # Please note that the values for INCLUDES, CC, AR, RM, CP, # RANLIB, and selfdir are passed in from ../Makefile, and do # not need to be defined here. RM = rm srcdir = . VPATH = .:$(srcdir) # Here is a rule for making .o files from .c files that doesn't force # the type of the machine (like -sun3) into the flags. .c.o: $(CC) -c $(CFLAGS) $(INCLUDES) $(LOCAL_DEFINES) $(CPPFLAGS) $< # LOCAL_DEFINES are flags that are specific to this library. # Define -DUSG if you are using a System V operating system. LOCAL_DEFINES = $(LOCAL_INCLUDES) #-DUSG # For libraries which include headers from other libraries. LOCAL_INCLUDES = -I.. # The name of the library target. LIBRARY_NAME = libtilde.a # The C code source files for this library. CSOURCES = $(srcdir)/tilde.c # The header files for this library. HSOURCES = $(srcdir)/tilde.h OBJECTS = tilde.o # The texinfo files which document this library. DOCSOURCE = doc/tilde.texi DOCOBJECT = doc/tilde.dvi DOCSUPPORT = doc/Makefile DOCUMENTATION = $(DOCSOURCE) $(DOCOBJECT) $(DOCSUPPORT) SUPPORT = Makefile ChangeLog $(DOCSUPPORT) SOURCES = $(CSOURCES) $(HSOURCES) $(DOCSOURCE) THINGS_TO_TAR = $(SOURCES) $(SUPPORT) ###################################################################### all: $(LIBRARY_NAME) $(LIBRARY_NAME): $(OBJECTS) $(RM) -f $@ $(AR) cq $@ $(OBJECTS) -if [ -f "$(RANLIB)" ]; then $(RANLIB) $@; fi what-tar: @for file in $(THINGS_TO_TAR); do \ echo $(selfdir)$$file; \ done documentation: force -(cd doc; $(MAKE) $(MFLAGS)) force: # The rule for 'includes' is written funny so that the if statement # always returns TRUE unless there really was an error installing the # include files. install: -$(MV) $(bindir)/$(LIBRARY_NAME) $(bindir)/$(LIBRARY_NAME)-old $(CP) $(LIBRARY_NAME) $(bindir)/$(LIBRARY_NAME) if [ -f "$(RANLIB)" ]; then $(RANLIB) -t $(bindir)/$(LIBRARY_NAME); fi clean: $(RM) -f $(OBJECTS) $(LIBRARY_NAME) -(cd doc; $(MAKE) $(MFLAGS) clean) ###################################################################### # # # Dependencies for the object files which make up this library. # # # ###################################################################### tilde.o: tilde.h tilde.c bash-1.14.3/lib/tilde/tilde.c 644 436 0 22607 5672706304 14025 0ustar chetwheel/* tilde.c -- Tilde expansion code (~/foo := $HOME/foo). */ /* Copyright (C) 1988,1989 Free Software Foundation, Inc. This file is part of GNU Readline, a library for reading lines of text with interactive input and history editing. Readline is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 1, or (at your option) any later version. Readline is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details. You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with Readline; see the file COPYING. If not, write to the Free Software Foundation, 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. */ #if defined (HAVE_STRING_H) # include #else /* !HAVE_STRING_H */ # include #endif /* !HAVE_STRING_H */ #if defined (HAVE_STDLIB_H) # include #else # include "ansi_stdlib.h" #endif /* HAVE_STDLIB_H */ #include "tilde.h" #include #include #if defined (USG) && !defined (HAVE_GETPW_DECLS) extern struct passwd *getpwuid (), *getpwnam (); #endif /* USG && !defined (HAVE_GETPW_DECLS) */ #if !defined (savestring) extern char *xmalloc (); # ifndef strcpy extern char *strcpy (); # endif #define savestring(x) strcpy (xmalloc (1 + strlen (x)), (x)) #endif /* !savestring */ #if !defined (NULL) # if defined (__STDC__) # define NULL ((void *) 0) # else # define NULL 0x0 # endif /* !__STDC__ */ #endif /* !NULL */ #if defined (TEST) || defined (STATIC_MALLOC) static char *xmalloc (), *xrealloc (); #else extern char *xmalloc (), *xrealloc (); #endif /* TEST || STATIC_MALLOC */ /* The default value of tilde_additional_prefixes. This is set to whitespace preceding a tilde so that simple programs which do not perform any word separation get desired behaviour. */ static char *default_prefixes[] = { " ~", "\t~", (char *)NULL }; /* The default value of tilde_additional_suffixes. This is set to whitespace or newline so that simple programs which do not perform any word separation get desired behaviour. */ static char *default_suffixes[] = { " ", "\n", (char *)NULL }; /* If non-null, this contains the address of a function to call if the standard meaning for expanding a tilde fails. The function is called with the text (sans tilde, as in "foo"), and returns a malloc()'ed string which is the expansion, or a NULL pointer if there is no expansion. */ CPFunction *tilde_expansion_failure_hook = (CPFunction *)NULL; /* When non-null, this is a NULL terminated array of strings which are duplicates for a tilde prefix. Bash uses this to expand `=~' and `:~'. */ char **tilde_additional_prefixes = default_prefixes; /* When non-null, this is a NULL terminated array of strings which match the end of a username, instead of just "/". Bash sets this to `:' and `=~'. */ char **tilde_additional_suffixes = default_suffixes; /* Find the start of a tilde expansion in STRING, and return the index of the tilde which starts the expansion. Place the length of the text which identified this tilde starter in LEN, excluding the tilde itself. */ static int tilde_find_prefix (string, len) char *string; int *len; { register int i, j, string_len; register char **prefixes = tilde_additional_prefixes; string_len = strlen (string); *len = 0; if (!*string || *string == '~') return (0); if (prefixes) { for (i = 0; i < string_len; i++) { for (j = 0; prefixes[j]; j++) { if (strncmp (string + i, prefixes[j], strlen (prefixes[j])) == 0) { *len = strlen (prefixes[j]) - 1; return (i + *len); } } } } return (string_len); } /* Find the end of a tilde expansion in STRING, and return the index of the character which ends the tilde definition. */ static int tilde_find_suffix (string) char *string; { register int i, j, string_len; register char **suffixes = tilde_additional_suffixes; string_len = strlen (string); for (i = 0; i < string_len; i++) { if (string[i] == '/' || !string[i]) break; for (j = 0; suffixes && suffixes[j]; j++) { if (strncmp (string + i, suffixes[j], strlen (suffixes[j])) == 0) return (i); } } return (i); } /* Return a new string which is the result of tilde expanding STRING. */ char * tilde_expand (string) char *string; { char *result, *tilde_expand_word (); int result_size, result_index; result_size = result_index = 0; result = (char *)NULL; /* Scan through STRING expanding tildes as we come to them. */ while (1) { register int start, end; char *tilde_word, *expansion; int len; /* Make START point to the tilde which starts the expansion. */ start = tilde_find_prefix (string, &len); /* Copy the skipped text into the result. */ if ((result_index + start + 1) > result_size) result = (char *)xrealloc (result, 1 + (result_size += (start + 20))); strncpy (result + result_index, string, start); result_index += start; /* Advance STRING to the starting tilde. */ string += start; /* Make END be the index of one after the last character of the username. */ end = tilde_find_suffix (string); /* If both START and END are zero, we are all done. */ if (!start && !end) break; /* Expand the entire tilde word, and copy it into RESULT. */ tilde_word = (char *)xmalloc (1 + end); strncpy (tilde_word, string, end); tilde_word[end] = '\0'; string += end; expansion = tilde_expand_word (tilde_word); free (tilde_word); len = strlen (expansion); if ((result_index + len + 1) > result_size) result = (char *)xrealloc (result, 1 + (result_size += (len + 20))); strcpy (result + result_index, expansion); result_index += len; free (expansion); } result[result_index] = '\0'; return (result); } /* Do the work of tilde expansion on FILENAME. FILENAME starts with a tilde. If there is no expansion, call tilde_expansion_failure_hook. */ char * tilde_expand_word (filename) char *filename; { char *dirname; dirname = filename ? savestring (filename) : (char *)NULL; if (dirname && *dirname == '~') { char *temp_name; if (!dirname[1] || dirname[1] == '/') { /* Prepend $HOME to the rest of the string. */ char *temp_home = (char *)getenv ("HOME"); /* If there is no HOME variable, look up the directory in the password database. */ if (!temp_home) { struct passwd *entry; entry = getpwuid (getuid ()); if (entry) temp_home = entry->pw_dir; } temp_name = xmalloc (1 + strlen (&dirname[1]) + (temp_home ? strlen (temp_home) : 0)); temp_name[0] = '\0'; if (temp_home) strcpy (temp_name, temp_home); strcat (temp_name, dirname + 1); free (dirname); dirname = temp_name; } else { char *username; struct passwd *user_entry; int i; username = xmalloc (strlen (dirname)); for (i = 1; dirname[i] && dirname[i] != '/'; i++) username[i - 1] = dirname[i]; username[i - 1] = '\0'; if ((user_entry = getpwnam (username)) == 0) { /* If the calling program has a special syntax for expanding tildes, and we couldn't find a standard expansion, then let them try. */ if (tilde_expansion_failure_hook) { char *expansion; expansion = (*tilde_expansion_failure_hook) (username); if (expansion) { temp_name = xmalloc (1 + strlen (expansion) + strlen (&dirname[i])); strcpy (temp_name, expansion); strcat (temp_name, &dirname[i]); free (expansion); free (dirname); dirname = temp_name; } } /* We shouldn't report errors. */ } else { temp_name = xmalloc (1 + strlen (user_entry->pw_dir) + strlen (&dirname[i])); strcpy (temp_name, user_entry->pw_dir); strcat (temp_name, &dirname[i]); free (dirname); dirname = temp_name; } endpwent (); free (username); } } return (dirname); } #if defined (TEST) #undef NULL #include main (argc, argv) int argc; char **argv; { char *result, line[512]; int done = 0; while (!done) { printf ("~expand: "); fflush (stdout); if (!gets (line)) strcpy (line, "done"); if ((strcmp (line, "done") == 0) || (strcmp (line, "quit") == 0) || (strcmp (line, "exit") == 0)) { done = 1; break; } result = tilde_expand (line); printf (" --> %s\n", result); free (result); } exit (0); } static void memory_error_and_abort (); static char * xmalloc (bytes) int bytes; { char *temp = (char *)malloc (bytes); if (!temp) memory_error_and_abort (); return (temp); } static char * xrealloc (pointer, bytes) char *pointer; int bytes; { char *temp; if (!pointer) temp = (char *)malloc (bytes); else temp = (char *)realloc (pointer, bytes); if (!temp) memory_error_and_abort (); return (temp); } static void memory_error_and_abort () { fprintf (stderr, "readline: Out of virtual memory!\n"); abort (); } /* * Local variables: * compile-command: "gcc -g -DTEST -o tilde tilde.c" * end: */ #endif /* TEST */ bash-1.14.3/lib/tilde/tilde.h 664 436 0 2627 5443661012 14004 0ustar chetwheel/* tilde.h: Externally available variables and function in libtilde.a. */ #if !defined (__TILDE_H__) # define __TILDE_H__ /* Function pointers can be declared as (Function *)foo. */ #if !defined (__FUNCTION_DEF) # define __FUNCTION_DEF typedef int Function (); typedef void VFunction (); typedef char *CPFunction (); typedef char **CPPFunction (); #endif /* _FUNCTION_DEF */ /* If non-null, this contains the address of a function to call if the standard meaning for expanding a tilde fails. The function is called with the text (sans tilde, as in "foo"), and returns a malloc()'ed string which is the expansion, or a NULL pointer if there is no expansion. */ extern CPFunction *tilde_expansion_failure_hook; /* When non-null, this is a NULL terminated array of strings which are duplicates for a tilde prefix. Bash uses this to expand `=~' and `:~'. */ extern char **tilde_additional_prefixes; /* When non-null, this is a NULL terminated array of strings which match the end of a username, instead of just "/". Bash sets this to `:' and `=~'. */ extern char **tilde_additional_suffixes; /* Return a new string which is the result of tilde expanding STRING. */ extern char *tilde_expand (); /* Do the work of tilde expansion on FILENAME. FILENAME starts with a tilde. If there is no expansion, call tilde_expansion_failure_hook. */ extern char *tilde_expand_word (); #endif /* __TILDE_H__ */ bash-1.14.3/lib/tilde/memalloc.h 664 436 0 3205 5537113626 14474 0ustar chetwheel/* memalloc.h -- consolidate code for including alloca.h or malloc.h and defining alloca. */ /* Copyright (C) 1993 Free Software Foundation, Inc. This file is part of GNU Bash, the Bourne Again SHell. Bash is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option) any later version. Bash is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details. You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with Bash; see the file COPYING. If not, write to the Free Software Foundation, 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. */ #if !defined (__MEMALLOC_H__) # define __MEMALLOC_H__ #if defined (sparc) && defined (sun) && !defined (HAVE_ALLOCA_H) # define HAVE_ALLOCA_H #endif #if defined (__GNUC__) && !defined (HAVE_ALLOCA) # define HAVE_ALLOCA #endif #if defined (HAVE_ALLOCA_H) && !defined (HAVE_ALLOCA) # define HAVE_ALLOCA #endif /* HAVE_ALLOCA_H && !HAVE_ALLOCA */ #if !defined (BUILDING_MAKEFILE) #if defined (__GNUC__) # undef alloca # define alloca __builtin_alloca #else /* !__GNUC__ */ # if defined (HAVE_ALLOCA_H) # if defined (IBMESA) # include # else /* !IBMESA */ # include # endif /* !IBMESA */ # else extern char *alloca (); # endif /* !HAVE_ALLOCA_H */ #endif /* !__GNUC__ */ #endif /* !BUILDING_MAKEFILE */ #endif /* __MEMALLOC_H__ */ bash-1.14.3/cpp-Makefile 644 436 0 160612 5701351405 13137 0ustar chetwheel/* This -*- C -*- file (cpp-Makefile) is run through the C preprocessor to produce bash-Makefile which is machine specific. If you have Gcc and/or Bison, you might wish to mention that right below here. Since this is to become a Makefile, blank lines which appear outside of comments may not contain a TAB character. Copyright (C) 1987,1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc. This file is part of GNU Bash, the Bourne Again SHell. Bash is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 1, or (at your option) any later version. Bash is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details. You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with Bash; see the file COPYING. If not, write to the Free Software Foundation, 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. */ /**/# This Makefile is automagically made from cpp-Makefile. You should /**/# not be editing this file; edit cpp-Makefile, machines.h, or /**/# support/mksysdefs instead. Then, assuming the edits were required /**/# to compile Bash on your system, mail the changes you had to make to /**/# bash-maintainers@prep.ai.mit.edu. We will do our best to incorporate /**/# them into the next release. /**/# Make sure the first target in the makefile is the right one all: .made /* **************************************************************** */ /* */ /* Which compiler are you using? */ /* */ /* **************************************************************** */ /* Define HAVE_GCC if you have the GNU C compiler. */ /* #define HAVE_GCC */ #if defined (__GNUC__) && !defined (HAVE_GCC) && !defined (GCC_STANDARD) # define HAVE_GCC #endif /* Undefine HAVE_FIXED_INCLUDES if you are not using GCC with the fixed header files. */ #if defined (HAVE_GCC) && !defined (HAVE_FIXED_INCLUDES) # define HAVE_FIXED_INCLUDES #endif /* HAVE_GCC && !HAVE_FIXED_INCLUDES */ /* Define HAVE_BISON if you have the GNU replacement for Yacc. */ /**/# We would like you to use Bison instead of Yacc since some /**/# versions of Yacc cannot handle reentrant parsing. Unfortunately, /**/# this includes the Yacc currently being shipped with SunOS4.x. /**/# If you do use Yacc, please make sure that any bugs in parsing /**/# are not really manifestations of Yacc bugs before you report /**/# them. /* #define HAVE_BISON */ /* Include some boilerplate Gnu makefile definitions. */ prefix = /usr/local /**/#prefix = @prefix@ exec_prefix = $(prefix) bindir = $(exec_prefix)/bin libdir = $(exec_prefix)/lib manroot = $(prefix)/man man1ext = 1 man1dir = $(manroot)/man$(man1ext) man3ext = 3 man3dir = $(manroot)/man$(man3ext) mandir = $(man1dir) manext = $(man1ext) infodir = $(prefix)/info srcdir = . /**/#srcdir = @srcdir@ VPATH = .:$(srcdir) /**/#incdir = @incdir@ /* If you have purify, and want to use it, uncomment this definition or run the make as `make -f bash-Makefile bash PURIFY=purify'. */ PURIFY = # purify /* This includes the appropriate description for the machine that you are using (we hope). If the compilation doesn't work correctly, then you will have to edit the file `machines.h' to include a description for the machine that your Cpp uniquely identifies this as. For example, Sun 4's are recognized by the Cpp identifier `sparc', Vax is recognized with `vax', etc. The order of these files is very important. Config.h must come last, since it is capable of undef'ing various things. */ #define BUILDING_MAKEFILE /* Tell config.h to avoid #including anything. */ #include "sysdefs.h" #include "machines.h" #include "config.h" /* Can't use the Gnu malloc library without saying we want the Gnu malloc. */ #if !defined (USE_GNU_MALLOC) # undef USE_GNU_MALLOC_LIBRARY #endif /* !USE_GNU_MALLOC */ .SUFFIXES: .aux /**/# Here is a rule for making .o files from .c files that does not /**/# force the type of the machine (like -M_MACHINE) into the flags. .c.o: $(RM) $@ $(CC) $(CCFLAGS) $(CPPFLAGS) -c $< .c.aux: $(RM) $@ $(CC) $(CCFLAGS) $(CPPFLAGS) -o $@ $< #if defined (HAVE_BISON) BISON = bison -y #else BISON = yacc #endif #if defined (HAVE_GCC) # if defined (GCC_FLAGS) GCC_EXTRAS = GCC_FLAGS # endif /* GCC_FLAGS */ # if !defined (HAVE_FIXED_INCLUDES) /* This is guaranteed to work, even if you have the fixed includes! (Unless, of course, you have the fixed include files installed in /usr/include. Then it will break.) */ CC = gcc -traditional -I/usr/include $(GCC_EXTRAS) # else /* HAVE_FIXED_INCLUDES */ CC = gcc $(GCC_EXTRAS) # endif /* HAVE_FIXED_INCLUDES */ #else /* !HAVE_GCC */ CC = CPP_CC #endif /* !HAVE_GCC */ /**/# If the user has specified a Make shell, then use that. #if defined (MAKE_SHELL) SHELL = MAKE_SHELL #else SHELL=/bin/sh #endif /* MAKE_SHELL */ CP = cp RM = rm -f AR = ar INSTALL_PROGRAM = install -c INSTALL_DATA = install -c -m 644 COMPRESS = gzip COMPRESS_EXT = .gz Machine = M_MACHINE OS = M_OS /**/# PROFILE_FLAGS is either -pg, to generate profiling info for use /**/# with gprof, or nothing (the default). PROFILE_FLAGS= #if defined (SYSDEP_CFLAGS) /**/# This system has some peculiar flags that must be passed to the /**/# the C compiler (or to cpp). SYSDEP = SYSDEP_CFLAGS #endif /* SYSDEP_CFLAGS */ #if defined (SYSDEP_LDFLAGS) /**/# This system has some peculiar flags that must be passed to the /**/# link editor (ld). SYSDEP_LD = SYSDEP_LDFLAGS #endif /* SYSDEP_LDFLAGS */ #if defined (HAVE_SETLINEBUF) /**/# This system has the setlinebuf () call. LINEBUF = -DHAVE_SETLINEBUF #endif #if defined (HAVE_VFPRINTF) /**/# This system has the vprintf () and vfprintf () calls. VPRINTF = -DHAVE_VFPRINTF #endif /* HAVE_VFPRINTF */ #if defined (USE_VFPRINTF_EMULATION) VPRINTF = -DHAVE_VFPRINTF VPRINT_OBJ = vprint.o #endif /* USE_VFPRINTF_EMULATION */ #if defined (HAVE_SYS_STREAM_H) /**/# This system has STREAM = -DHAVE_SYS_STREAM_H #endif /* HAVE_SYS_STREAM_H */ #if defined (HAVE_SYS_PTEM_H) /**/# This system has PTEM = -DHAVE_SYS_PTEM_H #endif /* HAVE_SYS_PTEM_H */ #if defined (HAVE_SYS_PTE_H) /**/# This system has PTE = -DHAVE_SYS_PTE_H #endif /* HAVE_SYS_PTE_H */ /**/# This system has . #if defined (HAVE_UNISTD_H) UNISTD = -DHAVE_UNISTD_H #endif /**/# This system has #if defined (HAVE_STDLIB_H) STDLIB = -DHAVE_STDLIB_H #endif /**/# This system has #if defined (HAVE_LIMITS_H) LIMITSH = -DHAVE_LIMITS_H #endif #if defined (HAVE_GETGROUPS) /**/# This system has multiple groups. GROUPS = -DHAVE_GETGROUPS #endif #if defined (HAVE_RESOURCE) /**/# This system has RESOURCE = -DHAVE_RESOURCE #endif #if defined (HAVE_SYS_PARAM) /**/# This system has PARAM = -DHAVE_SYS_PARAM #endif #if defined (VOID_SIGHANDLER) /**/# The signal () call provided by the system returns a pointer to /**/# a function returning void. The signal handlers themselves are /**/# thus void functions. SIGHANDLER = -DVOID_SIGHANDLER #endif #if defined (HAVE_STRERROR) /**/# This system has the strerror () function. STRERROR = -DHAVE_STRERROR #endif #if defined (HAVE_WAIT_H) /**/# This system has WAITH = -DHAVE_WAIT_H #endif #if defined (HAVE_GETWD) /**/# This system has the getwd () call. GETWD = -DHAVE_GETWD #endif #if defined (HAVE_DUP2) /**/# This system has a working version of dup2 (). DUP2 = -DHAVE_DUP2 #endif /* HAVE_DUP2 */ #if defined (HAVE_DIRENT) /**/# This system uses struct dirent for reading directories with readdir. DIRENT = -DHAVE_DIRENT #endif /* HAVE_DIRENT */ #if defined (HAVE_DIRENT_H) /**/# This system has /usr/include/dirent.h DIRENTH = -DHAVE_DIRENT_H #endif /* HAVE_DIRENT_H */ #if defined (HAVE_STRING_H) /**/# This system has /usr/include/string.h STRINGH = -DHAVE_STRING_H #endif /* HAVE_STRING_H */ #if defined (HAVE_VARARGS_H) /**/# This system has /usr/include/varargs.h VARARGSH = -DHAVE_VARARGS_H #endif /* HAVE_VARARGS_H */ #if defined (HAVE_STRCHR) /**/# This system has strchr () and strrchr () string functions. STRCHR = -DHAVE_STRCHR #endif /* HAVE_STRCHR */ #if defined (HAVE_STRCASECMP) STRCASE = -DHAVE_STRCASECMP #endif /* HAVE_STRCASECMP */ #if defined (HAVE_DEV_FD) /**/# This system has the /dev/fd directory for naming open files. DEVFD = -DHAVE_DEV_FD #endif /* HAVE_DEV_FD */ /**/# The GNU coding standards don't recognize the possibility that /**/# other information besides optimization and debugging might be /**/# passed to cc. A different name should have been used. CFLAGS = -O -g SYSTEM_FLAGS = $(LINEBUF) $(VPRINTF) $(UNISTD) $(STDLIB) $(LIMITSH) \ $(GROUPS) $(RESOURCE) $(PARAM) $(SIGHANDLER) $(SYSDEP) $(WAITH) \ $(GETWD) $(DUP2) $(STRERROR) $(DIRENT) $(DIRENTH) $(STRINGH) \ $(VARARGSH) $(STRCHR) $(STRCASE) $(DEVFD) \ -D$(Machine) -D$(OS) LDFLAGS = $(NOSHARE) $(SYSDEP_LD) $(EXTRA_LD_PATH) $(PROFILE_FLAGS) $(CFLAGS) CCFLAGS = $(PROFILE_FLAGS) $(CFLAGS) $(SYSTEM_FLAGS) -DSHELL $(ALLOCA_CFLAGS) \ $(MALLOC_CFLAGS) CPPFLAGS= -I. -I$(srcdir) -I$(LIBSRC) GCC_LINT_FLAGS = -ansi -Wall -Wshadow -Wpointer-arith -Wcast-qual \ -Wwrite-strings -Werror -Wstrict-prototypes \ -Wmissing-prototypes GCC_LINT_CFLAGS = $(PROFILE_FLAGS) $(CFLAGS) $(SYSTEM_FLAGS) -DSHELL $(ALLOCA_CFLAGS) \ $(MALLOC_CFLAGS) $(GCC_LINT_FLAGS) /* It is conceivable that you wish to edit some things beyond this point, but I guess that it is highly unlikely, and may give you a headache. */ /* **************************************************************** */ /* */ /* How to Build the support libraries. */ /* */ /* **************************************************************** */ /**/# The location of sources for the support libraries. LIBPATH = ./lib/ LIBSRC = $(srcdir)/$(LIBPATH) /**/# Preface building with the full path of the current library source. LIBINC_DECL = topdir=`sh $(srcdir)/support/srcdir $(srcdir)`; export topdir LIBINC_USAGE = "-I$${topdir} -I$${topdir}/$(LIBPATH) -I$(LIBSRC)" /* Defines used when building libraries. */ #define LIB_CFLAGS_DECL CFLAGS='$(LIBRARY_CFLAGS) '$(LIBINC_USAGE) #define LIB_CPPFLAGS_DECL CPPFLAGS='$(CPPFLAGS)' #define LIB_LDFLAGS_DECL LDFLAGS='$(LDFLAGS)' #define LIBMAKE_FLAGS LIB_CFLAGS_DECL LIB_CPPFLAGS_DECL LIB_LDFLAGS_DECL \ RANLIB='$(RANLIB)' AR='$(AR)' CC='$(CC)' RM='$(RM)' \ /* Macro used to build a library. */ #define build_lib_in_dir(directory, target, srcdef, makefile) \ @echo "Building in " directory "..."; \ sh $(SUPPORT_SRC)mkdirs directory ; \ ($(LIBINC_DECL); cd directory; \ if [ ! -f Makefile ]; then cp makefile Makefile; fi; \ $(MAKE) target $(MFLAGS) LIBMAKE_FLAGS srcdef) /* The builtins are somewhat special in that more information is needed to compile them correctly. */ #define build_builtins(target) \ @sh $(SUPPORT_SRC)mkdirs $(DEFDIR) ; \ ($(LIBINC_DECL); cd $(DEFDIR); \ if [ ! -f Makefile ]; then \ cp $(BUILTIN_ABSSRC)/Makefile Makefile; \ fi; \ $(MAKE) $(MFLAGS) target \ srcdir=$(BUILTIN_ABSSRC) CPPFLAGS='$(CPPFLAGS)' \ CFLAGS='$(CCFLAGS) '$(LIBINC_USAGE)' -I. -I$(BUILTIN_ABSSRC)' \ LDFLAGS='$(LDFLAGS)' RANLIB='$(RANLIB)' AR='$(AR)' CC='$(CC)' \ RM='$(RM)' RL_LIBSRC='$(RL_ABSSRC)' \ DIRECTDEFINE='-D '$(srcdir)/$(DEFDIR)) /**/# Flags used when building libraries. LIBRARY_CFLAGS = $(PROFILE_FLAGS) $(CFLAGS) $(SIGHANDLER) $(ALLOCA_CFLAGS) \ $(SYSDEP) $(DIRENT) $(DIRENTH) $(STRINGH) $(VARARGSH) \ $(PTEM) $(PTE) $(STREAM) $(STRERROR) $(RESOURCE) \ $(STRCHR) -D$(Machine) -D$(OS) $(UNISTD) $(LIMITSH) \ $(STRCASE) $(STDLIB) -DSHELL /**/# These are required for sending bug reports. SYSTEM_NAME = $(Machine) OS_NAME = $(OS) /**/# The name of this program. Program = bash /**/# The type of machine and OS Bash is being compiled on. HOSTTYPE_DECL = -DHOSTTYPE='$(SYSTEM_NAME)' -DOSTYPE='$(OS_NAME)' MAINTAIN_DEFINE = -DMAINTAINER='"bug-bash@prep.ai.mit.edu"' /**/# The group of configuration flags. These are for shell.c CFG_FLAGS = -DOS_NAME='$(OS_NAME)' -DProgram=$(Program) \ -DSYSTEM_NAME='$(SYSTEM_NAME)' $(SIGLIST_FLAG) $(MAINTAIN_DEFINE) /* **************************************************************** */ /* */ /* Support for desired libraries. */ /* This includes Termcap, Glob, Tilde, History, and Readline. */ /* */ /* **************************************************************** */ /* Does this machine's linker need a space after -L? */ #if defined (HAVE_GCC) # undef SEARCH_LIB_NEEDS_SPACE #endif /* HAVE_GCC */ #if defined (SEARCH_LIB_NEEDS_SPACE) /**/# The native compiler for this machines requires a space after '-L'. SEARCH_LIB = -L $(UNSET_VARIABLE_CREATES_SPACE) #else /**/# The compiler being used to build Bash can handle -L/library/path. SEARCH_LIB = -L #endif /* !SEARCH_LIB_NEEDS_SPACE */ #if defined (EXTRA_LIB_SEARCH_PATH) /**/# Additional instructions to the linker telling it how to find libraries. LOCAL_LD_PATH = EXTRA_LIB_SEARCH_PATH EXTRA_LD_PATH = $(SEARCH_LIB)$(LOCAL_LD_PATH) #endif /* EXTRA_LIB_SEARCH_PATH */ /* Right now we assume that you have the full source code to Bash. If you simply have the library and header files installed, then undefine HAVE_READLINE_SOURCE. */ #define HAVE_READLINE_SOURCE #if defined (HAVE_READLINE_SOURCE) RL_LIBSRC = $(LIBSRC)readline/ RL_LIBDOC = $(RL_LIBSRC)doc/ RL_LIBDIR = $(LIBPATH)readline/ RL_ABSSRC = $${topdir}/$(RL_LIBDIR) READLINE_LIBRARY = $(RL_LIBDIR)libreadline.a /**/# The source, object and documentation of the GNU Readline library. READLINE_SOURCE = $(RL_LIBSRC)rldefs.h $(RL_LIBSRC)rlconf.h \ $(RL_LIBSRC)readline.h \ $(RL_LIBSRC)chardefs.h $(RL_LIBSRC)keymaps.h \ $(RL_LIBSRC)funmap.c $(RL_LIBSRC)emacs_keymap.c \ $(RL_LIBSRC)search.c $(RL_LIBSRC)vi_keymap.c \ $(RL_LIBSRC)keymaps.c $(RL_LIBSRC)parens.c \ $(RL_LIBSRC)vi_mode.c $(RL_LIBSRC)history.c \ $(RL_LIBSRC)readline.c $(RL_LIBSRC)tilde.c \ $(RL_LIBSRC)rltty.c $(RL_LIBSRC)complete.c \ $(RL_LIBSRC)bind.c $(RL_LIBSRC)isearch.c \ $(RL_LIBSRC)display.c $(RL_LIBSRC)signals.c \ $(RL_LIBSRC)posixstat.h $(RL_LIBSRC)tilde.h \ $(RL_LIBSRC)xmalloc.c READLINE_OBJ = $(RL_LIBDIR)readline.o $(RL_LIBDIR)funmap.o \ $(RL_LIBDIR)parens.o $(RL_LIBDIR)search.o \ $(RL_LIBDIR)keymaps.o $(RL_LIBDIR)history.o \ $(RL_LIBDIR)rltty.o $(RL_LIBDIR)complete.o \ $(RL_LIBDIR)bind.o $(RL_LIBDIR)isearch.o \ $(RL_LIBDIR)display.o $(RL_LIBDIR)signals.o \ $(RL_LIBDIR)tilde.o $(RL_LIBDIR)xmalloc.o READLINE_DOC = $(RL_LIBDOC)rlman.texinfo $(RL_LIBDOC)rluser.texinfo \ $(RL_LIBDOC)rltech.texinfo READLINE_DOC_SUPPORT = $(RL_LIBDOC)Makefile $(RL_LIBDOC)readline.dvi \ $(RL_LIBDOC)readline.info /**/# This has to be written funny to avoid looking like a C comment starter. READLINE_EXAMPLES = $(RL_LIBSRC)examples/[a-zA-Z]*.[ch] \ $(RL_LIBSRC)examples/Makefile $(RL_LIBSRC)examples/Inputrc /**/# Support files for GNU Readline. READLINE_SUPPORT = $(RL_LIBSRC)Makefile $(RL_LIBSRC)ChangeLog \ $(RL_LIBSRC)COPYING $(READLINE_EXAMPLES) \ $(READLINE_DOC_SUPPORT) #else /* !HAVE_READLINE_SOURCE */ # if defined (READLINE) READLINE_LIBRARY = -lreadline # endif /* READLINE */ RL_LIBDIR = $(srcdir)/$(LIBSRC)readline/ #endif /* !HAVE_READLINE_SOURCE */ /* Right now we assume that you have the full source code to Bash, including the source code to the history library. If you only have the library and header files installed, then you can undefine HAVE_HISTORY_SOURCE. */ #define HAVE_HISTORY_SOURCE #if defined (READLINE) && !defined (HISTORY) # define HISTORY #endif /* READLINE && !HISTORY */ # if defined (HISTORY) && !defined (READLINE) /**/# You are compiling with history features but without line editing. HISTORY_LIB = -lhistory # endif /* HISTORY && !READLINE */ #if defined (HISTORY) HIST_SUPPORT_SRC = bashhist.c HIST_SUPPORT_OBJ = bashhist.o #endif /* HISTORY */ #if defined (HAVE_HISTORY_SOURCE) HIST_LIBSRC = $(LIBSRC)readline/ HIST_LIBDOC = $(HIST_LIBSRC)doc/ HIST_LIBDIR = $(LIBPATH)readline/ HIST_ABSSRC = $${topdir}/$(HIST_LIBDIR)/ /* If you are building with readline, then you do not explicitly need the history library. */ # if defined (READLINE) HISTORY_LIBRARY = # else HISTORY_LIBRARY = $(HIST_LIBDIR)libhistory.a # endif /* !READLINE */ /**/# The source, object and documentation of the history library. HISTORY_SOURCE = $(HIST_LIBSRC)history.c $(HIST_LIBSRC)history.h HISTORY_OBJ = $(HIST_LIBDIR)history.o HISTORY_DOC = $(HIST_LIBDOC)hist.texinfo $(HIST_LIBDOC)hsuser.texinfo \ $(HIST_LIBDOC)hstech.texinfo /**/# Directory list for -L so that the link editor (ld) can find -lhistory. # if defined (HISTORY) && !defined (READLINE) # if !defined (LD_HAS_NO_DASH_L) HISTORY_LDFLAGS = $(SEARCH_LIB)$(HIST_LIBDIR) # endif /* LD_HAS_NO_DASH_L */ # endif /* HISTORY && !READLINE */ #else /* !HAVE_HISTORY_SOURCE */ # if defined (HISTORY) && !defined (READLINE) HISTORY_LIBRARY = -lhistory HISTORY_LDFLAGS = $(SEARCH_LIB)$(libdir) $(SEARCH_LIB)/usr/local/lib # endif /* HISTORY && !READLINE */ #endif /* !HAVE_HISTORY_SOURCE */ #if defined (USE_GNU_TERMCAP) # define HAVE_TERMCAP_SOURCE TERM_LIBSRC = $(LIBSRC)termcap/ TERM_LIBDIR = $(LIBPATH)termcap/ TERM_ABSSRC = $${topdir}/$(TERM_LIBDIR) /**/# The source, object and documentation for the GNU Termcap library. TERMCAP_LIBRARY = $(TERM_LIBDIR)libtermcap.a TERMCAP_SOURCE = $(TERM_LIBSRC)termcap.c $(TERM_LIBSRC)tparam.c TERMCAP_OBJ = $(TERM_LIBDIR)termcap.o $(TERM_LIBDIR)tparam.o TERMCAP_DOC = $(TERM_LIBSRC)termcap.texinfo TERMCAP_SUPPORT = $(TERM_LIBSRC)Makefile $(TERM_LIBSRC)ChangeLog # if !defined (LD_HAS_NO_DASH_L) TERMCAP_LDFLAGS = $(SEARCH_LIB)$(TERM_LIBDIR) # endif /* !LD_HAS_NO_DASH_L */ #else /* !USE_GNU_TERMCAP */ /* Guessed at symbol for LIBRARIES, below. */ # if defined (USE_TERMCAP_EMULATION) TERMCAP_LIBRARY = -lcurses # else /* !USE_TERMCAP_EMULATION */ TERMCAP_LIBRARY = -ltermcap # endif /* !USE_TERMCAP_EMULATION */ #endif /* !USE_GNU_TERMCAP */ /* The glob library is always used. */ #define USE_GLOB_LIBRARY #if defined (USE_GLOB_LIBRARY) GLOB_LIBSRC = $(LIBSRC)glob/ GLOB_LIBDIR = $(LIBPATH)glob/ GLOB_ABSSRC = $${topdir}/$(GLOB_LIBDIR) GLOB_LIBRARY = $(GLOB_LIBDIR)libglob.a GLOB_SOURCE = $(GLOB_LIBSRC)glob.c $(GLOB_LIBSRC)fnmatch.c \ $(GLOB_LIBSRC)fnmatch.h GLOB_OBJ = $(GLOB_LIBDIR)glob.o $(GLOB_LIBDIR)fnmatch.o GLOB_DOC = $(GLOB_LIBSRC)doc/glob.texi $(GLOB_LIBSRC)doc/Makefile GLOB_SUPPORT= $(GLOB_LIBSRC)Makefile $(GLOB_LIBSRC)ChangeLog # if !defined (LD_HAS_NO_DASH_L) GLOB_LDFLAGS = $(SEARCH_LIB)$(GLOB_LIBDIR) # endif /* !LD_HAS_NO_DASH_L */ GLOB_LIB = -lglob #endif /* USE_GLOB_LIBRARY */ /* The source code for the tilde expansion library. */ #if defined (HAVE_READLINE_SOURCE) # define HAVE_TILDE_SOURCE #endif /* HAVE_READLINE_SOURCE */ #if defined (HAVE_TILDE_SOURCE) /**/# The source, object and documentation for the GNU Tilde library. TILDE_LIBSRC = $(LIBSRC)tilde/ TILDE_LIBDIR = $(LIBPATH)tilde/ TILDE_ABSSRC = $${topdir}/$(TILDE_LIBDIR) TILDE_LIBRARY = $(TILDE_LIBDIR)libtilde.a TILDE_SOURCE = $(TILDE_LIBSRC)tilde.c $(TILDE_LIBSRC)tilde.h TILDE_OBJ = $(TILDE_LIBDIR)tilde.o TILDE_DOC = $(TILDE_LIBSRC)doc/tilde.texi $(TILDE_LIBSRC)doc/Makefile TILDE_SUPPORT = $(TILDE_LIBSRC)Makefile $(TILDE_LIBSRC)ChangeLog TILDE_LIB = -ltilde # if !defined (LD_HAS_NO_DASH_L) TILDE_LDFLAGS = $(SEARCH_LIB)$(TILDE_LIBDIR) # endif /* !LD_HAS_NO_DASH_L */ #else /* !HAVE_TILDE_SOURCE */ /**/# Guessed at location of the tilde TILDE_LIBRARY = $(libdir)/libtilde.a #endif /* !HAVE_TILDE_SOURCE */ #if defined (USE_GNU_MALLOC_LIBRARY) /**/# Our malloc library. MALLOC_LIBSRC = $(LIBSRC)malloclib/ MALLOC_LIBDIR = $(LIBPATH)malloclib/ MALLOC_ABSSRC = $${topdir}/$(MALLOC_LIBDIR) MALLOC_LIBRARY = $(MALLOC_LIBDIR)libmalloc.a MALLOC_SOURCE = $(MALLOC_LIBSRC)calloc.c $(MALLOC_LIBSRC)cfree.c \ $(MALLOC_LIBSRC)free.c $(MALLOC_LIBSRC)malloc.c \ $(MALLOC_LIBSRC)mcheck.c $(MALLOC_LIBSRC)memalign.c \ $(MALLOC_LIBSRC)morecore.c $(MALLOC_LIBSRC)mstats.c \ $(MALLOC_LIBSRC)mtrace.c $(MALLOC_LIBSRC)realloc.c \ $(MALLOC_LIBSRC)valloc.c MALLOC_OBJ = $(MALLOC_LIBDIR)calloc.c $(MALLOC_LIBDIR)cfree.c \ $(MALLOC_LIBDIR)free.c $(MALLOC_LIBDIR)malloc.c \ $(MALLOC_LIBDIR)mcheck.c $(MALLOC_LIBDIR)memalign.c \ $(MALLOC_LIBDIR)morecore.c $(MALLOC_LIBDIR)mstats.c \ $(MALLOC_LIBDIR)mtrace.c $(MALLOC_LIBDIR)realloc.c \ $(MALLOC_LIBDIR)valloc.c MALLOC_SUPPORT= $(MALLOC_LIBSRC)Makefile MALLOC_CFLAGS = -DUSE_GNU_MALLOC_LIBRARY # if !defined (LD_HAS_NO_DASH_L) MALLOC_LDFLAGS = $(SEARCH_LIB)$(MALLOC_LIBDIR) # endif /* !LD_HAS_NO_DASH_L */ MALLOC_LIB = -lmalloc MALLOC_DEP = $(MALLOC_LIBRARY) #else MALLOC_LIBRARY = #endif /* USE_GNU_MALLOC_LIBRARY */ BASHPOSIX_LIB = $(LIBSRC)posixheaders/ BASHPOSIX_SUPPORT = $(BASHPOSIX_LIB)posixstat.h $(BASHPOSIX_LIB)ansi_stdlib.h \ $(BASHPOSIX_LIB)memalloc.h $(BASHPOSIX_LIB)stdc.h /**/# Declare all of the sources for the libraries that we have. LIBRARY_SOURCE = $(READLINE_SOURCE) $(HISTORY_SOURCE) $(TERMCAP_SOURCE) \ $(GLOB_SOURCE) $(TILDE_SOURCE) $(MALLOC_SOURCE) LIBRARY_DOC = $(READLINE_DOC) $(HISTORY_DOC) $(TERMCAP_DOC) $(GLOB_DOC) \ $(TILDE_DOC) $(MALLOC_DOC) LIBRARY_SUPPORT = $(READLINE_SUPPORT) $(HISTORY_SUPPORT) $(TERMCAP_SUPPORT) \ $(GLOB_SUPPORT) $(TILDE_SUPPORT) $(MALLOC_SUPPORT) LIBRARY_TAR = $(LIBRARY_SOURCE) $(LIBRARY_DOC) $(LIBRARY_SUPPORT) #if defined (READLINE) /**/# You wish to compile with the line editing features installed. READLINE_LIB = -lreadline /**/# You only need termcap (or curses) if you are linking with GNU Readline. # if defined (USE_TERMCAP_EMULATION) TERMCAP_LIB = -lcurses # else /* !USE_TERMCAP_EMULATION */ TERMCAP_LIB = -ltermcap # endif /* !USE_TERMCAP_EMULATION */ /**/# Directory list for -L so that the link editor (ld) can find -lreadline. # if !defined (LD_HAS_NO_DASH_L) # if defined (HAVE_READLINE_SOURCE) READLINE_LDFLAGS = $(SEARCH_LIB)$(RL_LIBDIR) $(TERMCAP_LDFLAGS) # else READLINE_LDFLAGS = $(TERMCAP_LDFLAGS) $(SEARCH_LIB)$(libdir) \ $(SEARCH_LIB)/usr/local/lib # endif /* HAVE_READLINE_SOURCE */ # endif /* LD_HAS_NO_DASH_L */ /**/# The source and object of the bash<->readline interface code. RL_SUPPORT_SRC = bashline.c bracecomp.c RL_SUPPORT_OBJ = bashline.o $(BRACECOMP_OBJECT) #endif /* READLINE */ /**/# The order is important. Most dependent first. #if defined (LD_HAS_NO_DASH_L) /**/# This linker does not know how to grok the -l flag, or perhaps how /**/# to grok the -L flag, or both. LIBRARIES = $(READLINE_LIBRARY) $(HISTORY_LIBRARY) $(TERMCAP_LIBRARY) \ $(GLOB_LIBRARY) $(TILDE_LIBRARY) $(MALLOC_LIBRARY) $(LOCAL_LIBS) #else /* !LD_HAS_NO_DASH_L */ LIBRARIES = $(READLINE_LIB) $(HISTORY_LIB) $(TERMCAP_LIB) $(GLOB_LIB) \ $(TILDE_LIB) $(MALLOC_LIB) $(LOCAL_LIBS) #endif /* !LD_HAS_NO_DASH_L */ #if defined (READLINE) # if defined (HAVE_TERMCAP_SOURCE) TERMCAP_DEP = $(TERMCAP_LIBRARY) # endif /* HAVE_TERMCAP_SOURCE */ # if defined (HAVE_READLINE_SOURCE) READLINE_DEP = $(READLINE_LIBRARY) # endif /* HAVE_READLINE_SOURCE */ #endif /* READLINE */ #if defined (HISTORY) && defined (HAVE_HISTORY_SOURCE) && !defined (READLINE) HISTORY_DEP = $(HISTORY_LIBRARY) #endif #if defined (USE_GLOB_LIBRARY) GLOB_DEP = $(GLOB_LIBRARY) #else GLOBC = glob.c fnmatch.c GLOBO = glob.o fnmatch.o #endif /* USE_GLOB_LIBRARY */ #if defined (HAVE_TILDE_SOURCE) TILDE_DEP = $(TILDE_LIBRARY) #endif /**/# Source files for libraries that Bash depends on. LIBDEP = $(READLINE_DEP) $(TERMCAP_DEP) $(GLOB_DEP) $(HISTORY_DEP) $(TILDE_DEP) $(MALLOC_DEP) /**/# Rules for cleaning the readline and termcap sources. #if defined (HAVE_READLINE_SOURCE) CLEAN_READLINE = (cd $(RL_LIBDIR); $(MAKE) $(MFLAGS) clean) #else CLEAN_READLINE = : #endif /* !HAVE_READLINE_SOURCE */ #if defined (HAVE_HISTORY_SOURCE) # if !defined (READLINE) CLEAN_HISTORY = (cd $(HIST_LIBDIR); $(MAKE) $(MFLAGS) clean) # else CLEAN_HISTORY = : # endif /* READLINE */ #endif /* !HAVE_HISTORY_SOURCE */ #if defined (HAVE_TERMCAP_SOURCE) CLEAN_TERMCAP = (cd $(TERM_LIBDIR); $(MAKE) $(MFLAGS) clean) #else CLEAN_TERMCAP = : #endif /* !HAVE_TERMCAP_SOURCE */ #if defined (USE_GLOB_LIBRARY) CLEAN_GLOB = (cd $(GLOB_LIBDIR); $(MAKE) $(MFLAGS) clean) #else CLEAN_GLOB = : #endif /* !USE_GLOB_LIBRARY */ #if defined (HAVE_TILDE_SOURCE) CLEAN_TILDE = (cd $(TILDE_LIBDIR); $(MAKE) $(MFLAGS) clean) #else CLEAN_TILDE = : #endif /* !HAVE_TILDE_SOURCE */ #if defined (USE_GNU_MALLOC_LIBRARY) CLEAN_MALLOC = (cd $(MALLOC_LIBDIR); $(MAKE) $(MFLAGS) clean) #else CLEAN_MALLOC = : #endif /* !USE_GNU_MALLOC_LIBRARY */ LIBRARY_LDFLAGS = $(READLINE_LDFLAGS) $(HISTORY_LDFLAGS) $(TILDE_LDFLAGS) \ $(GLOB_LDFLAGS) $(MALLOC_LDFLAGS) /**/# The directory which contains the source for malloc. The name must /**/# end in a slash, as in "./lib/malloc/". ALLOC_LIBSRC = $(LIBSRC)malloc/ ALLOC_LIBDIR = $(LIBPATH)malloc/ ALLOC_ABSSRC = $${topdir}/$(ALLOC_LIBDIR) /**/# Our malloc. #if defined (USE_GNU_MALLOC) && !defined (USE_GNU_MALLOC_LIBRARY) MALLOC_OBJ = $(ALLOC_LIBDIR)malloc.o MALLOC_SRC = $(ALLOC_LIBSRC)malloc.c MALLOC_DEP = $(MALLOC_SRC) $(ALLOC_LIBSRC)getpagesize.h MALLOC_FLAGS = -Drcheck -Dbotch=programming_error MALLOC_LIBRARY = #endif /* USE_GNU_MALLOC && !USE_GNU_MALLOC_LIBRARY */ /* If this user doesn't have alloca (), then we must try to supply them with a working one. */ #if !defined (HAVE_ALLOCA) ALLOCA = $(ALLOC_LIBDIR)alloca.o # if defined (ALLOCA_ASM) ALLOCA_SOURCE = ALLOCA_ASM ALLOCA_OBJECT = ALLOCA_OBJ # else ALLOCA_SOURCE = alloca.c ALLOCA_OBJECT = alloca.o # endif /* ALLOCA_ASM */ ALLOCA_DEP = $(ALLOC_LIBSRC)$(ALLOCA_SOURCE) #endif /* !HAVE_ALLOCA */ /* Compilation flags to use in the shell directory and to pass to builds in subdirectories (readline, termcap) to ensure that alloca is treated in a consistent fashion. */ #if defined (HAVE_ALLOCA_H) ALLOCA_H_DEFINE = -DHAVE_ALLOCA_H #else ALLOCA_H_DEFINE = #endif /* HAVE_ALLOCA_H */ #if defined (HAVE_ALLOCA) ALLOCA_DEFINE = -DHAVE_ALLOCA #else ALLOCA_DEFINE = #endif /* HAVE_ALLOCA */ ALLOCA_CFLAGS = $(ALLOCA_DEFINE) $(ALLOCA_H_DEFINE) /* Protect the `i386' used in the definition of ALLOC_FILES. */ #if defined (i386) # undef i386 # define i386_defined #endif /* i386 */ ALLOC_HEADERS = $(ALLOC_LIBSRC)getpagesize.h ALLOC_FILES = $(ALLOC_LIBSRC)malloc.c $(ALLOC_LIBSRC)alloca.c \ $(ALLOC_LIBSRC)i386-alloca.s $(ALLOC_LIBSRC)x386-alloca.s \ $(ALLOC_LIBSRC)xmalloc.c /* Perhaps restore the `i386' define. */ #if defined (i386_defined) # define i386 # undef i386_defined #endif /* i386_defined */ #if defined (USE_GNU_MALLOC) && !defined (USE_GNU_MALLOC_LIBRARY) $(MALLOC_OBJ): $(MALLOC_DEP) @sh $(SUPPORT_SRC)mkdirs $(ALLOC_LIBDIR) @$(RM) $@ @($(LIBINC_DECL); cd $(ALLOC_LIBDIR) ; \ if [ ! -f Makefile ]; then cp $(ALLOC_ABSSRC)Makefile Makefile ; fi; \ $(MAKE) $(MFLAGS) \ CFLAGS='$(LIBRARY_CFLAGS) $(MALLOC_FLAGS)' \ CPPFLAGS='$(CPPFLAGS)' MALLOC_SOURCE=$(MALLOC_SRC) \ srcdir=$(ALLOC_ABSSRC) malloc.o ) #endif /* USE_GNU_MALLOC && !USE_GNU_MALLOC_LIBRARY */ #if !defined (HAVE_ALLOCA) $(ALLOCA): $(ALLOCA_DEP) @sh $(SUPPORT_SRC)mkdirs $(ALLOC_LIBDIR) @$(RM) $@ @($(LIBINC_DECL); cd $(ALLOC_LIBDIR) ; \ if [ ! -f Makefile ]; then cp $(ALLOC_ABSSRC)Makefile Makefile ; fi; \ $(MAKE) $(MFLAGS) CC='$(CC)' \ CFLAGS='$(LIBRARY_CFLAGS) $(MALLOC_FLAGS)' \ CPPFLAGS='$(CPPFLAGS)' ALLOCA_SOURCE=$(ALLOCA_SOURCE) \ ALLOCA_OBJECT=$(ALLOCA_OBJECT) \ srcdir=$(ALLOC_ABSSRC) alloca.o ) #endif /* !HAVE_ALLOCA */ /**/# The location of ranlib on your system. #if defined (RANLIB_LOCATION) RANLIB = RANLIB_LOCATION #else RANLIB = ranlib #endif /* RANLIB_LOCATION */ /* **************************************************************** */ /* */ /* Support for optional object files */ /* */ /* **************************************************************** */ #if !defined (HAVE_SYS_SIGLIST) /**/# Since this system does not have sys_siglist, we define SIGLIST /**/# as siglist.o. SIGLIST = siglist.o SIGLIST_FLAG=-DINITIALIZE_SIGLIST #endif /* HAVE_SYS_SIGLIST */ #if !defined (HAVE_GETCWD) /**/# Since this system does not have a correctly working getcwd (), /**/# we define GETCWD as getcwd.o. GETCWD = getcwd.o #endif /* !HAVE_GETCWD */ /**/# The source and object of the curly brace expansion and completion code. BRACES_SOURCE = braces.c BRACECOMP_SOURCE = bracecomp.c #if defined (BRACE_EXPANSION) BRACES_OBJECT = braces.o # if defined (READLINE) BRACECOMP_OBJECT = bracecomp.o # endif /* READLINE */ #endif /* BRACE_EXPANSION */ #if defined (REQUIRED_LIBRARIES) /**/# Locally required libraries. LOCAL_LIBS = REQUIRED_LIBRARIES #endif /* REQUIRED_LIBRARIES */ BUILTINS_LIB = builtins/libbuiltins.a /**/# The main source code for the Bourne Again SHell. CSOURCES = shell.c parse.y general.c make_cmd.c print_cmd.c y.tab.c \ dispose_cmd.c execute_cmd.c variables.c $(GLOBC) version.c \ expr.c copy_cmd.c flags.c subst.c hash.c mailcheck.c \ test.c trap.c jobs.c nojobs.c $(ALLOC_FILES) $(BRACES_SOURCE) \ vprint.c input.c bashhist.c \ unwind_prot.c siglist.c getcwd.c $(RL_SUPPORT_SRC) error.c HSOURCES = shell.h flags.h trap.h hash.h jobs.h builtins.h alias.c y.tab.h \ general.h variables.h config.h $(ALLOC_HEADERS) alias.h maxpath.h \ quit.h machines.h posixstat.h filecntl.h unwind_prot.h parser.h \ command.h input.h error.h bashansi.h dispose_cmd.h make_cmd.h \ subst.h externs.h siglist.h bashhist.h bashtypes.h SOURCES = $(CSOURCES) $(HSOURCES) $(BUILTIN_DEFS) /**/# Matching object files. OBJECTS = shell.o y.tab.o general.o make_cmd.o print_cmd.o $(GLOBO) \ dispose_cmd.o execute_cmd.o variables.o copy_cmd.o error.o \ expr.o flags.o jobs.o subst.o hash.o mailcheck.o test.o \ trap.o alias.o $(MALLOC_OBJ) $(ALLOCA) $(BRACES_OBJECT) \ unwind_prot.o $(VPRINT_OBJ) input.o $(HIST_SUPPORT_OBJ) \ $(SIGLIST) $(GETCWD) version.o $(RL_SUPPORT_OBJ) $(BUILTINS_LIB) #if defined (LOAD_BUILTIN) LOAD_DEF = $(DEFDIR)load.def LOAD_OBJ = $(DEFDIR)load.o #endif /* LOAD_BUILTIN */ /**/# Where the source code of the shell builtins resides. BUILTIN_SRCDIR=$(srcdir)/builtins/ /**/# The trailing slash was left off this definition on purpose BUILTIN_ABSSRC=$${topdir}/builtins DEFDIR = builtins/ BUILTIN_DEFS = $(DEFDIR)alias.def $(DEFDIR)bind.def $(DEFDIR)break.def \ $(DEFDIR)builtin.def $(DEFDIR)cd.def $(DEFDIR)colon.def \ $(DEFDIR)command.def $(DEFDIR)declare.def $(LOAD_DEF) \ $(DEFDIR)echo.def $(DEFDIR)enable.def $(DEFDIR)eval.def \ $(DEFDIR)exec.def $(DEFDIR)exit.def $(DEFDIR)fc.def \ $(DEFDIR)fg_bg.def $(DEFDIR)hash.def $(DEFDIR)help.def \ $(DEFDIR)history.def $(DEFDIR)jobs.def $(DEFDIR)kill.def \ $(DEFDIR)let.def $(DEFDIR)read.def $(DEFDIR)return.def \ $(DEFDIR)set.def $(DEFDIR)setattr.def $(DEFDIR)shift.def \ $(DEFDIR)source.def $(DEFDIR)suspend.def $(DEFDIR)test.def \ $(DEFDIR)times.def $(DEFDIR)trap.def $(DEFDIR)type.def \ $(DEFDIR)ulimit.def $(DEFDIR)umask.def $(DEFDIR)wait.def \ $(DEFDIR)getopts.def $(DEFDIR)reserved.def BUILTIN_C_SRC = $(DEFDIR)mkbuiltins.c $(DEFDIR)common.c \ $(DEFDIR)hashcom.h $(DEFDIR)/bashgetopt.c $(GETOPT_SOURCE) BUILTIN_C_OBJ = $(GETOPTS_OBJ) $(DEFDIR)common.o $(DEFDIR)bashgetopt.o BUILTIN_OBJS = $(DEFDIR)alias.o $(DEFDIR)bind.o $(DEFDIR)break.o \ $(DEFDIR)builtin.o $(DEFDIR)cd.o $(DEFDIR)colon.o \ $(DEFDIR)command.o $(DEFDIR)declare.o $(LOAD_OBJ) \ $(DEFDIR)echo.o $(DEFDIR)enable.o $(DEFDIR)eval.o \ $(DEFDIR)exec.o $(DEFDIR)exit.o $(DEFDIR)fc.o \ $(DEFDIR)fg_bg.o $(DEFDIR)hash.o $(DEFDIR)help.o \ $(DEFDIR)history.o $(DEFDIR)jobs.o $(DEFDIR)kill.o \ $(DEFDIR)let.o $(DEFDIR)read.o $(DEFDIR)return.o \ $(DEFDIR)set.o $(DEFDIR)setattr.o $(DEFDIR)shift.o \ $(DEFDIR)source.o $(DEFDIR)suspend.o $(DEFDIR)test.o \ $(DEFDIR)times.o $(DEFDIR)trap.o $(DEFDIR)type.o \ $(DEFDIR)ulimit.o $(DEFDIR)umask.o $(DEFDIR)wait.o \ $(BUILTIN_C_OBJ) #if defined (GETOPTS_BUILTIN) GETOPTS_OBJ = $(DEFDIR)getopts.o #endif GETOPT_SOURCE = $(DEFDIR)getopt.c $(DEFDIR)getopt.h PSIZE_SOURCE = $(DEFDIR)psize.sh $(DEFDIR)psize.c BUILTIN_SUPPORT = $(DEFDIR)Makefile $(DEFDIR)ChangeLog $(PSIZE_SOURCE) \ $(BUILTIN_C_SRC) /**/# Documentation for the shell. DOCDIR = $(srcdir)/documentation/ BASH_TEXINFO = $(DOCDIR)*.texi $(DOCDIR)*.tex \ $(DOCDIR)*.dvi $(DOCDIR)Makefile BASH_MAN = $(DOCDIR)bash.1 BASHDOCS = $(BASH_TEXINFO) $(BASH_MAN) INSTALL README RELEASE DOCUMENTATION = $(BASHDOCS) $(LIBRARY_DOC) /**/# Some example files demonstrating use of the shell. /* This has to be written funny to avoid looking like a comment starter. */ EXAMPLES = examples/[a-zA-Z]* ENDIAN_SUPPORT = endian.c #if !defined (HAVE_WAIT_H) ENDIAN_HEADER = bash_endian.h #else ENDIAN_HEADER = #endif ENDIAN_OUTPUT = endian.aux $(ENDIAN_HEADER) SIGNAMES_SUPPORT = signames.c SIGNAMES_OUTPUT = signames.aux signames.h SUPPORT_SRC = $(srcdir)/support/ SDIR = ./support/ MKTARFILE = $(SDIR)mktarfile SCRIPTS_SUPPORT = $(SUPPORT_SRC)mksysdefs $(SUPPORT_SRC)cppmagic \ $(SUPPORT_SRC)cat-s $(MKTARFILE) $(SUPPORT_SRC)mail-shell \ $(SUPPORT_SRC)inform $(SUPPORT_SRC)/fixdist \ $(SUPPORT_SRC)mklinks $(SUPPORT_SRC)PORTING \ $(SUPPORT_SRC)/clone.bash FAQ = $(SUPPORT_SRC)FAQ TEST_SUITE = ./test-suite/ TEST_SUITE_SUPPORT = $(TEST_SUITE)[a-zA-Z0-9]* $(SUPPORT_SRC)recho.c CREATED_SUPPORT = $(ENDIAN_OUTPUT) $(SIGNAMES_OUTPUT) sysdefs.h \ $(SDIR)getcppsyms recho tests/recho SUPPORT = configure $(ENDIAN_SUPPORT) $(SIGNAMES_SUPPORT) $(SCRIPTS_SUPPORT) \ $(BUILTIN_SUPPORT) COPYING Makefile cpp-Makefile ChangeLog \ .distribution newversion.c $(EXAMPLES) $(SUPPORT_SRC)bash.xbm \ $(FAQ) $(SUPPORT_SRC)getcppsyms.c $(TEST_SUITE_SUPPORT) /**/# BAGGAGE consists of things that you want to keep with the shell for some /**/# reason, but do not actually use; old source code, etc. BAGGAGE = /**/# Things that the world at large needs. THINGS_TO_TAR = $(SOURCES) $(LIBRARY_TAR) $(BASHDOCS) $(SUPPORT) $(BAGGAGE) /**/# Keep GNU Make from exporting the entire environment for small machines. .NOEXPORT: .made: $(Program) bashbug cp .machine .made $(Program): .build $(OBJECTS) $(LIBDEP) $(srcdir)/.distribution $(RM) $@ $(PURIFY) $(CC) $(LDFLAGS) $(LIBRARY_LDFLAGS) -o $(Program) $(OBJECTS) $(LIBRARIES) ls -l $(Program) size $(Program) .build: $(SOURCES) cpp-Makefile newversion.aux if ./newversion.aux -dir $(srcdir) -build; then mv -f newversion.h version.h; fi @echo @echo " ***************************************************" @echo " * *" @echo " * Making Bash-`cat $(srcdir)/.distribution`.`cat $(srcdir)/.patchlevel` for a $(Machine) running $(OS)" @echo " * *" @echo " ***************************************************" @echo @echo "$(Program) last made for a $(Machine) running $(OS)" >.machine bashbug: $(SUPPORT_SRC)bashbug.sh cpp-Makefile newversion.aux @sed -e "s:@MACHINE@:$(Machine):" -e "s:@OS@:$(OS):" \ -e "s:@CFLAGS@:$(CCFLAGS):" -e "s:@CC@:$(CC):" \ -e "s:@RELEASE@:`cat $(srcdir)/.distribution`:" \ -e "s:@PATCHLEVEL@:`cat $(srcdir)/.patchlevel`:" \ $(SUPPORT_SRC)bashbug.sh > $@ @chmod a+rx bashbug version.h: newversion.aux if ./newversion.aux -dir $(srcdir) -build; then mv -f newversion.h version.h; fi y.tab.c: parser-built y.tab.h: parser-built parser-built: parse.y parser.h command.h stdc.h input.h $(RM) $@ -if test -f y.tab.h; then mv -f y.tab.h old-y.tab.h; fi @echo expect 66 shift/reduce conflicts $(BISON) -d $(srcdir)/parse.y -if cmp -s old-y.tab.h y.tab.h; then mv old-y.tab.h y.tab.h; fi touch $@ #if defined (READLINE) && defined (HAVE_READLINE_SOURCE) $(READLINE_LIBRARY): $(READLINE_SOURCE) build_lib_in_dir ($(RL_LIBDIR), libreadline.a, srcdir=$(RL_ABSSRC), $(RL_ABSSRC)Makefile) #endif /* READLINE && HAVE_READLINE_SOURCE */ #if defined (HISTORY) && defined (HAVE_HISTORY_SOURCE) && !defined (READLINE) $(HISTORY_LIBRARY): $(HISTORY_SOURCE) build_lib_in_dir ($(HIST_LIBDIR), libhistory.a, srcdir=$(HIST_ABSSRC), $(HIST_ABSSRC)Makefile) #endif /* HISTORY && HAVE_HISTORY_SOURCE && !READLINE */ #if defined (HAVE_TERMCAP_SOURCE) $(TERMCAP_LIBRARY): $(TERMCAP_SOURCE) build_lib_in_dir ($(TERM_LIBDIR), libtermcap.a, srcdir=$(TERM_ABSSRC), $(TERM_ABSSRC)Makefile) #endif /* HAVE_TERMCAP_SOURCE */ #if defined (USE_GLOB_LIBRARY) $(GLOB_LIBRARY): $(GLOB_SOURCE) build_lib_in_dir ($(GLOB_LIBDIR), libglob.a, srcdir=$(GLOB_ABSSRC), $(GLOB_ABSSRC)Makefile) #endif /* USE_GLOB_LIBRARY */ #if defined (HAVE_TILDE_SOURCE) $(TILDE_LIBRARY): $(TILDE_SOURCE) build_lib_in_dir ($(TILDE_LIBDIR), libtilde.a, srcdir=$(TILDE_ABSSRC), $(TILDE_ABSSRC)Makefile) #endif /* HAVE_TILDE_SOURCE */ #if defined (USE_GNU_MALLOC) && defined (USE_GNU_MALLOC_LIBRARY) $(MALLOC_LIBRARY): $(MALLOC_SOURCE) build_lib_in_dir ($(MALLOC_LIBDIR), libmalloc.a, srcdir=$(MALLOC_ABSSRC), $(MALLOC_ABSSRC)Makefile) #endif /* USE_GNU_MALLOC && USE_GNU_MALLOC_LIBRARY */ version.o: version.c version.h shell.o: shell.c shell.h flags.h shell.c posixstat.h filecntl.h stdc.h $(ENDIAN_HEADER) parser.h $(RM) $@ $(CC) $(CFG_FLAGS) $(CCFLAGS) $(CPPFLAGS) -c $(srcdir)/shell.c #if !defined (HAVE_WAIT_H) $(ENDIAN_HEADER): endian.aux $(RM) $@ ./endian.aux $@ #endif signames.h: signames.aux $(RM) $@ ./signames.aux $@ variables.o: variables.c shell.h hash.h flags.h variables.h $(RM) $@ $(CC) -c $(CCFLAGS) $(HOSTTYPE_DECL) $(CPPFLAGS) $(srcdir)/variables.c builtins/libbuiltins.a: $(BUILTIN_OBJS) config.h memalloc.h build_builtins (libbuiltins.a) #if 0 /* This is a nice idea, but it does not work right, and the syntax is not universally available. */ $(BUILTIN_OBJS): $(BUILTIN_DEFS) build_builtins ($(@F)) #endif builtins/common.o: $(BUILTIN_SRCDIR)common.c build_builtins (common.o) builtins/bashgetopt.o: $(BUILTIN_SRCDIR)bashgetopt.c build_builtins (bashgetopt.o) builtins/builtext.h: builtins/libbuiltins.a /* Dependencies for the main bash source. */ copy_cmd.o: shell.h command.h stdc.h hash.h copy_cmd.o: general.h variables.h config.h memalloc.h quit.h copy_cmd.o: dispose_cmd.h make_cmd.h subst.h externs.h dispose_cmd.o: shell.h command.h stdc.h dispose_cmd.o: general.h variables.h config.h memalloc.h quit.h dispose_cmd.o: dispose_cmd.h make_cmd.h subst.h externs.h error.o: error.h execute_cmd.o: shell.h command.h stdc.h y.tab.h posixstat.h flags.h jobs.h execute_cmd.o: general.h variables.h config.h memalloc.h quit.h hash.h execute_cmd.o: unwind_prot.h siglist.h builtins/builtext.h execute_cmd.o: dispose_cmd.h make_cmd.h subst.h externs.h bashtypes.h expr.o: shell.h command.h stdc.h hash.h expr.o: general.h variables.h config.h memalloc.h quit.h expr.o: dispose_cmd.h make_cmd.h subst.h externs.h flags.o: flags.h stdc.h config.h memalloc.h general.h quit.h general.o: shell.h command.h stdc.h maxpath.h general.o: general.h variables.h config.h memalloc.h quit.h machines.h general.o: dispose_cmd.h make_cmd.h subst.h externs.h stdc.h hash.o: shell.h command.h stdc.h hash.h hash.o: general.h variables.h config.h memalloc.h quit.h hash.o: dispose_cmd.h make_cmd.h subst.h externs.h stdc.h jobs.o: shell.h command.h stdc.h hash.h trap.h jobs.h siglist.h jobs.o: general.h variables.h config.h memalloc.h quit.h jobs.o: dispose_cmd.h make_cmd.h subst.h externs.h builtins/builtext.h mailcheck.o: posixstat.h maxpath.h variables.h mailcheck.o: hash.h quit.h make_cmd.o: shell.h command.h stdc.h flags.h input.h bashtypes.h make_cmd.o: general.h variables.h config.h memalloc.h quit.h make_cmd.o: dispose_cmd.h make_cmd.h subst.h externs.h y.tab.o: shell.h command.h stdc.h flags.h maxpath.h alias.h y.tab.o: general.h variables.h config.h memalloc.h quit.h y.tab.o: dispose_cmd.h make_cmd.h subst.h externs.h bashtypes.h print_cmd.o: shell.h command.h stdc.h y.tab.h print_cmd.o: general.h variables.h config.h memalloc.h quit.h print_cmd.o: dispose_cmd.h make_cmd.h subst.h externs.h shell.o: shell.h command.h stdc.h flags.h machines.h shell.o: general.h variables.h config.h memalloc.h quit.h shell.o: dispose_cmd.h make_cmd.h subst.h externs.h shell.o: posixstat.h filecntl.h jobs.h input.h subst.o: shell.h command.h stdc.h flags.h jobs.h siglist.h bashtypes.h subst.o: general.h variables.h config.h memalloc.h quit.h subst.o: dispose_cmd.h make_cmd.h subst.h externs.h execute_cmd.h test.o: posixstat.h trap.o: trap.h shell.h command.h stdc.h hash.h unwind_prot.h signames.h trap.o: general.h variables.h config.h memalloc.h quit.h trap.o: dispose_cmd.h make_cmd.h subst.h externs.h unwind_prot.o: config.h memalloc.h general.h unwind_prot.h variables.o: shell.h command.h stdc.h hash.h flags.h variables.o: config.h memalloc.h general.h variables.h quit.h variables.o: execute_cmd.h dispose_cmd.h make_cmd.h subst.h externs.h version.o: version.h .build alias.o: ansi_stdlib.h bashline.o: ansi_stdlib.h variables.o: ansi_stdlib.h shell.o: ansi_stdlib.h error.o: ansi_stdlib.h hash.o: ansi_stdlib.h signames.o: ansi_stdlib.h expr.o: ansi_stdlib.h general.o: ansi_stdlib.h input.o: ansi_stdlib.h #if !defined (JOB_CONTROL) jobs.o: nojobs.c #endif /* !JOB_CONTROL */ #if defined (BRACE_EXPANSION) braces.o: general.h shell.h variables.h quit.h config.h memalloc.h braces.o: dispose_cmd.h make_cmd.h subst.h externs.h braces.o: maxpath.h unwind_prot.h command.h stdc.h # if defined (READLINE) bracecomp.o: bracecomp.c bracecomp.o: shell.h command.h hash.h builtins.h general.h variables.h bracecomp.o: quit.h alias.h bracecomp.o: dispose_cmd.h make_cmd.h subst.h externs.h stdc.h # if defined (HAVE_READLINE_SOURCE) bracecomp.o: $(RL_LIBSRC)readline.h # endif /* HAVE_READLINE_SOURCE */ # endif /* READLINE */ #endif /* BRACE_EXPANSION */ #if defined (READLINE) bashline.o: shell.h command.h stdc.h hash.h builtins.h execute_cmd.h bashline.o: general.h variables.h config.h memalloc.h quit.h alias.h bashline.o: dispose_cmd.h make_cmd.h subst.h externs.h #endif /* READLINE */ /* Dependencies which rely on the user using the source to READLINE. */ #if defined (READLINE) && defined (HAVE_READLINE_SOURCE) bashline.o: $(RL_LIBSRC)chardefs.h $(RL_LIBSRC)readline.h $(RL_LIBSRC)keymaps.h y.tab.o: $(RL_LIBSRC)keymaps.h $(RL_LIBSRC)chardefs.h $(RL_LIBSRC)readline.h #endif /* READLINE && HAVE_READLINE_SOURCE */ #if defined (HISTORY) && defined (HAVE_HISTORY_SOURCE) subst.o: $(HIST_LIBSRC)history.h bashline.o: $(HIST_LIBSRC)history.h y.tab.o: $(HIST_LIBSRC)history.h #endif /* HISTORY && HAVE_HISTORY_SOURCE */ #if defined (USE_GLOB_LIBRARY) subst.o: $(GLOB_LIBSRC)fnmatch.h execute_cmd.o: $(GLOB_LIBSRC)fnmatch.h #endif /* USE_GLOB_LIBRARY */ #if defined (HAVE_TILDE_SOURCE) execute_cmd.o: $(TILDE_LIBSRC)tilde.h general.o: $(TILDE_LIBSRC)tilde.h mailcheck.o: $(TILDE_LIBSRC)tilde.h shell.o: $(TILDE_LIBSRC)tilde.h subst.o: $(TILDE_LIBSRC)tilde.h variables.o: $(TILDE_LIBSRC)tilde.h #endif /* HAVE_TILDE_SOURCE */ /* Dependencies for the shell builtins. */ builtins/common.o: shell.h command.h config.h memalloc.h general.h error.h builtins/common.o: variables.h input.h $(DEFDIR)hashcom.h siglist.h builtins/common.o: quit.h unwind_prot.h maxpath.h jobs.h builtins.h builtins/common.o: dispose_cmd.h make_cmd.h subst.h externs.h bashhist.h builtins/common.o: execute_cmd.h stdc.h builtins/alias.o: command.h config.h memalloc.h error.h general.h maxpath.h builtins/alias.o: quit.h builtins/common.h builtins/alias.o: shell.h command.h stdc.h unwind_prot.h variables.h builtins/alias.o: dispose_cmd.h make_cmd.h subst.h externs.h builtins/bind.o: command.h config.h memalloc.h error.h general.h maxpath.h builtins/bind.o: dispose_cmd.h make_cmd.h subst.h externs.h stdc.h builtins/bind.o: shell.h unwind_prot.h variables.h quit.h builtins/bind.o: $(DEFDIR)bashgetopt.h builtins/break.o: command.h config.h memalloc.h error.h general.h maxpath.h builtins/break.o: shell.h unwind_prot.h variables.h quit.h builtins/break.o: dispose_cmd.h make_cmd.h subst.h externs.h stdc.h builtins/builtin.o: command.h config.h memalloc.h error.h general.h maxpath.h builtins/builtin.o: quit.h $(DEFDIR)common.h builtins/builtin.o: shell.h unwind_prot.h variables.h builtins/builtin.o: dispose_cmd.h make_cmd.h subst.h externs.h stdc.h builtins/cd.o: command.h config.h memalloc.h error.h general.h maxpath.h quit.h builtins/cd.o: shell.h unwind_prot.h variables.h $(DEFDIR)common.h builtins/cd.o: dispose_cmd.h make_cmd.h subst.h externs.h stdc.h builtins/command.o: command.h config.h memalloc.h error.h general.h maxpath.h builtins/command.o: quit.h $(DEFDIR)bashgetopt.h builtins/command.o: shell.h unwind_prot.h variables.h builtins/command.o: dispose_cmd.h make_cmd.h subst.h externs.h stdc.h builtins/declare.o: command.h config.h memalloc.h error.h general.h maxpath.h builtins/declare.o: shell.h unwind_prot.h variables.h quit.h builtins/declare.o: dispose_cmd.h make_cmd.h subst.h externs.h stdc.h builtins/echo.o: command.h config.h memalloc.h error.h general.h maxpath.h builtins/echo.o: shell.h unwind_prot.h variables.h quit.h builtins/echo.o: dispose_cmd.h make_cmd.h subst.h externs.h stdc.h builtins/enable.o: command.h config.h memalloc.h error.h general.h maxpath.h builtins/enable.o: shell.h unwind_prot.h variables.h quit.h builtins/enable.o: dispose_cmd.h make_cmd.h subst.h externs.h stdc.h builtins/eval.o: command.h config.h memalloc.h error.h general.h maxpath.h quit.h builtins/eval.o: shell.h unwind_prot.h variables.h builtins/eval.o: dispose_cmd.h make_cmd.h subst.h externs.h stdc.h builtins/exec.o: command.h config.h memalloc.h error.h general.h maxpath.h quit.h builtins/exec.o: shell.h unwind_prot.h variables.h $(DEFDIR)common.h stdc.h builtins/exec.o: dispose_cmd.h make_cmd.h subst.h externs.h execute_cmd.h builtins/exec.o: flags.h builtins/exit.o: command.h config.h memalloc.h error.h general.h maxpath.h builtins/exit.o: shell.h unwind_prot.h variables.h quit.h builtins/exit.o: dispose_cmd.h make_cmd.h subst.h externs.h stdc.h builtins/fc.o: builtins.h command.h stdc.h builtins/fc.o: command.h config.h memalloc.h error.h general.h maxpath.h quit.h builtins/fc.o: flags.h unwind_prot.h variables.h shell.h builtins/fc.o: dispose_cmd.h make_cmd.h subst.h externs.h stdc.h builtins/fc.o: $(DEFDIR)bashgetopt.h bashhist.h builtins/fg_bg.o: command.h config.h memalloc.h error.h general.h maxpath.h builtins/fg_bg.o: shell.h unwind_prot.h variables.h quit.h builtins/fg_bg.o: dispose_cmd.h make_cmd.h subst.h externs.h stdc.h builtins/getopts.o: command.h config.h memalloc.h error.h general.h maxpath.h builtins/getopts.o: shell.h unwind_prot.h variables.h quit.h builtins/getopts.o: dispose_cmd.h make_cmd.h subst.h externs.h stdc.h builtins/hash.o: builtins.h command.h execute_cmd.h stdc.h builtins/hash.o: command.h config.h memalloc.h error.h general.h maxpath.h builtins/hash.o: shell.h unwind_prot.h variables.h $(DEFDIR)common.h quit.h builtins/help.o: command.h config.h memalloc.h error.h general.h maxpath.h builtins/help.o: dispose_cmd.h make_cmd.h subst.h externs.h stdc.h builtins/help.o: shell.h unwind_prot.h variables.h quit.h builtins/history.o: command.h config.h memalloc.h error.h general.h maxpath.h builtins/history.o: quit.h dispose_cmd.h make_cmd.h subst.h externs.h stdc.h builtins/history.o: filecntl.h shell.h unwind_prot.h variables.h builtins/history.o: bashhist.h builtins/inlib.o: command.h config.h memalloc.h error.h general.h maxpath.h builtins/inlib.o: shell.h unwind_prot.h variables.h quit.h builtins/inlib.o: dispose_cmd.h make_cmd.h subst.h externs.h stdc.h builtins/jobs.o: command.h config.h memalloc.h error.h general.h maxpath.h builtins/jobs.o: quit.h $(DEFDIR)bashgetopt.h builtins/jobs.o: shell.h unwind_prot.h variables.h builtins/jobs.o: dispose_cmd.h make_cmd.h subst.h externs.h stdc.h builtins/kill.o: command.h config.h memalloc.h error.h general.h maxpath.h builtins/kill.o: quit.h dispose_cmd.h make_cmd.h subst.h externs.h stdc.h builtins/kill.o: shell.h trap.h unwind_prot.h variables.h builtins/let.o: command.h config.h memalloc.h error.h general.h maxpath.h builtins/let.o: quit.h dispose_cmd.h make_cmd.h subst.h externs.h stdc.h builtins/let.o: shell.h unwind_prot.h variables.h builtins/read.o: command.h config.h memalloc.h error.h general.h maxpath.h builtins/read.o: quit.h dispose_cmd.h make_cmd.h subst.h externs.h stdc.h builtins/read.o: shell.h unwind_prot.h variables.h builtins/return.o: command.h config.h memalloc.h error.h general.h maxpath.h builtins/return.o: quit.h dispose_cmd.h make_cmd.h subst.h externs.h stdc.h builtins/return.o: shell.h unwind_prot.h variables.h builtins/set.o: command.h config.h memalloc.h error.h general.h maxpath.h builtins/set.o: quit.h dispose_cmd.h make_cmd.h subst.h externs.h builtins/set.o: shell.h unwind_prot.h variables.h flags.h stdc.h builtins/setattr.o: command.h config.h memalloc.h error.h general.h maxpath.h builtins/setattr.o: quit.h $(DEFDIR)common.h $(DEFDIR)bashgetopt.h builtins/setattr.o: shell.h unwind_prot.h variables.h builtins/setattr.o: dispose_cmd.h make_cmd.h subst.h externs.h stdc.h builtins/shift.o: command.h config.h memalloc.h error.h general.h maxpath.h builtins/shift.o: quit.h dispose_cmd.h make_cmd.h subst.h externs.h stdc.h builtins/shift.o: shell.h unwind_prot.h variables.h builtins/shift.o: dispose_cmd.h make_cmd.h subst.h externs.h stdc.h builtins/source.o: command.h config.h memalloc.h error.h general.h maxpath.h builtins/source.o: quit.h dispose_cmd.h make_cmd.h subst.h externs.h stdc.h builtins/source.o: shell.h unwind_prot.h variables.h builtins/suspend.o: command.h config.h memalloc.h error.h general.h maxpath.h builtins/suspend.o: quit.h dispose_cmd.h make_cmd.h subst.h externs.h stdc.h builtins/suspend.o: shell.h unwind_prot.h variables.h builtins/test.o: command.h config.h memalloc.h error.h general.h maxpath.h builtins/test.o: quit.h dispose_cmd.h make_cmd.h subst.h externs.h stdc.h builtins/test.o: shell.h unwind_prot.h variables.h builtins/times.o: command.h config.h memalloc.h error.h general.h maxpath.h builtins/times.o: quit.h dispose_cmd.h make_cmd.h subst.h externs.h stdc.h builtins/times.o: shell.h unwind_prot.h variables.h builtins/trap.o: command.h config.h memalloc.h error.h general.h maxpath.h builtins/trap.o: quit.h $(DEFDIR)common.h builtins/trap.o: shell.h unwind_prot.h variables.h builtins/trap.o: dispose_cmd.h make_cmd.h subst.h externs.h stdc.h builtins/type.o: command.h config.h memalloc.h error.h general.h maxpath.h builtins/type.o: quit.h $(DEFDIR)common.h builtins/type.o: shell.h unwind_prot.h variables.h execute_cmd.h builtins/type.o: dispose_cmd.h make_cmd.h subst.h externs.h stdc.h builtins/ulimit.o: command.h config.h memalloc.h error.h general.h maxpath.h builtins/ulimit.o: quit.h dispose_cmd.h make_cmd.h subst.h externs.h stdc.h builtins/ulimit.o: shell.h unwind_prot.h variables.h builtins/umask.o: command.h config.h memalloc.h error.h general.h maxpath.h builtins/umask.o: quit.h dispose_cmd.h make_cmd.h subst.h externs.h stdc.h builtins/umask.o: shell.h unwind_prot.h variables.h builtins/wait.o: command.h config.h memalloc.h error.h general.h maxpath.h builtins/wait.o: quit.h dispose_cmd.h make_cmd.h subst.h externs.h stdc.h builtins/wait.o: shell.h unwind_prot.h variables.h builtins/bashgetopt.o: bashansi.h ansi_stdlib.h builtins/mkbuiltins.o: bashansi.h ansi_stdlib.h builtins/fc.o: bashansi.h ansi_stdlib.h #if defined (READLINE) && defined (HAVE_READLINE_SOURCE) builtins/bind.o: $(RL_LIBSRC)chardefs.h $(RL_LIBSRC)readline.h $(RL_LIBSRC)keymaps.h #endif /* READLINE && HAVE_READLINE_SOURCE */ #if defined (HISTORY) && defined (HAVE_HISTORY_SOURCE) builtins/bind.o: $(HIST_LIBSRC)history.h builtins/fc.o: $(HIST_LIBSRC)history.h builtins/history.o: $(HIST_LIBSRC)history.h #endif /* HISTORY && HAVE_HISTORY_SOURCE */ #if defined (HAVE_TILDE_SOURCE) builtins/common.o: $(TILDE_LIBSRC)tilde.h builtins/cd.o: $(TILDE_LIBSRC)tilde.h #endif /* HAVE_TILDE_SOURCE */ builtins/alias.o: builtins/alias.def builtins/bind.o: builtins/bind.def builtins/break.o: builtins/break.def builtins/builtin.o: builtins/builtin.def builtins/cd.o: builtins/cd.def builtins/colon.o: builtins/colon.def builtins/command.o: builtins/command.def builtins/declare.o: builtins/declare.def builtins/echo.o: builtins/echo.def builtins/enable.o: builtins/enable.def builtins/eval.o: builtins/eval.def builtins/exec.o: builtins/exec.def builtins/exit.o: builtins/exit.def builtins/fc.o: builtins/fc.def builtins/fg_bg.o: builtins/fg_bg.def builtins/getopts.o: builtins/getopts.def builtins/hash.o: builtins/hash.def builtins/help.o: builtins/help.def builtins/histctl.o: builtins/histctl.def builtins/history.o: builtins/history.def builtins/inlib.o: builtins/inlib.def builtins/jobs.o: builtins/jobs.def builtins/kill.o: builtins/kill.def builtins/let.o: builtins/let.def builtins/read.o: builtins/read.def builtins/reserved.o: builtins/reserved.def builtins/return.o: builtins/return.def builtins/set.o: builtins/set.def builtins/setattr.o: builtins/setattr.def builtins/shift.o: builtins/shift.def builtins/source.o: builtins/source.def builtins/suspend.o: builtins/suspend.def builtins/test.o: builtins/test.def builtins/times.o: builtins/times.def builtins/trap.o: builtins/trap.def builtins/type.o: builtins/type.def builtins/ulimit.o: builtins/ulimit.def builtins/umask.o: builtins/umask.def builtins/wait.o: builtins/wait.def $(Program).tar: $(THINGS_TO_TAR) .distribution @$(MKTARFILE) $(Program) `cat .distribution` $(THINGS_TO_TAR) $(Program).tar$(COMPRESS_EXT): $(Program).tar $(COMPRESS) < $(Program).tar > $@ clone: $(THINGS_TO_TAR) @$(MKTARFILE) +notar $(Machine) $(OS) $(THINGS_TO_TAR) install: .made -if [ -f $(bindir)/$(Program) ]; \ then mv $(bindir)/$(Program) $(bindir)/$(Program).old; \ fi $(INSTALL_PROGRAM) $(Program) $(bindir)/$(Program) -if [ -f $(bindir)/bashbug ]; \ then mv $(bindir)/bashbug $(bindir)/bashbug.old; \ fi $(INSTALL_PROGRAM) bashbug $(bindir)/bashbug $(RM) installed-$(Program) -ln -s $(bindir)/$(Program) installed-$(Program) ( cd $(DOCDIR) ; $(MAKE) $(MFLAGS) mandir=$(mandir) \ man3dir=$(man3dir) infodir=$(infodir) \ INSTALL_PROGRAM="${INSTALL_PROGRAM}" \ INSTALL_DATA="${INSTALL_DATA}" $@ ) uninstall: .made $(RM) $(bindir)/$(Program) installed-$(Program) $(bindir)/bashbug ( cd $(DOCDIR) ; $(MAKE) $(MFLAGS) mandir=$(mandir) man3dir=$(man3dir) infodir=$(infodir) $@ ) .distribution: ./newversion.aux -dir $(srcdir) -dist `$(Program) -c 'echo $$BASH_VERSION'` distribution: $(Program) $(Program).tar$(COMPRESS_EXT) .distribution @echo cp $(Program).tar$(COMPRESS_EXT) \ $(Program)-`cat .distribution`.tar$(COMPRESS_EXT) @cp $(Program).tar$(COMPRESS_EXT) \ $(Program)-`cat .distribution`.tar$(COMPRESS_EXT) mailable: distribution /bin/rm -rf uuencoded mkdir uuencoded $(SHELL) -c 'f=$(Program)-`cat .distribution`.tar.Z;uuencode $$f $$f | split -800 - uuencoded/$$f.uu.' newversion.aux: newversion.c $(CC) $(CCFLAGS) -o $@ $(srcdir)/newversion.c newversion: newversion.aux $(RM) .build ./newversion.aux -dir $(srcdir) -dist mv -f newversion.h version.h $(MAKE) -f $(srcdir)/Makefile $(MFLAGS) srcdir=$(srcdir) texindex: force build_lib_in_dir($(LIBPATH)doc-support, texindex, $${topdir}/lib/doc-support, $${topdir}/lib/doc-support/Makefile) documentation: force texindex (cd $(DOCDIR); $(MAKE) $(MFLAGS) CFLAGS='$(CCFLAGS)') force: tags: $(SOURCES) $(BUILTIN_C_SRC) $(LIBRARY_SOURCE) etags $(SOURCES) $(BUILTIN_C_SRC) $(LIBRARY_SOURCE) TAGS: $(SOURCES) $(BUILTIN_C_SRC) $(LIBRARY_SOURCE) ctags -x $(SOURCES) $(BUILTIN_C_SRC) $(LIBRARY_SOURCE) > $@ clean: $(RM) $(OBJECTS) $(Program) bashbug ansi-Makefile *.aux $(RM) .build .made .machine version.h $(RM) $(CREATED_SUPPORT) bash-Makefile $(RM) tags TAGS (cd $(DOCDIR); $(MAKE) $(MFLAGS) clean) (cd builtins; $(MAKE) $(MFLAGS) clean) $(CLEAN_READLINE) ; $(CLEAN_HISTORY) ; $(CLEAN_TERMCAP) ; $(CLEAN_GLOB) ; $(CLEAN_TILDE) ; $(CLEAN_MALLOC) ; distclean: clean $(RM) installed-bash realclean: clean $(RM) y.tab.c y.tab.h parser-built installed-bash recho: $(SUPPORT_SRC)recho.c @$(CC) -o $@ $(SUPPORT_SRC)recho.c tests: force $(Program) recho @cp recho $(SUPPORT_SRC)printenv tests ( cd tests ; sh run-all ) /**/# Here is a convenient rule when you arrive at a new site and wish to /**/# install bash on several different architectures. It creates a new /**/# directory to hold the results of compilation. The directory is /**/# named Machine-OS. architecture: $(Machine)-$(OS)/$(Program) $(Machine)-$(OS): -mkdir $(Machine)-$(OS) $(Machine)-$(OS)/$(Program): $(Machine)-$(OS) $(Program) mv $(Program) $(Machine)-$(OS) mv sysdefs.h $(Machine)-$(OS) mv $(SDIR)getcppsyms $(Machine)-$(OS) $(MAKE) $(MFLAGS) clean DEFINES: config.h memalloc.h cpp-Makefile sysdefs.h echo $(CCFLAGS) $(CPPFLAGS) >DEFINES bash-1.14.3/dispose_cmd.c 644 436 0 10135 5535442365 13341 0ustar chetwheel/* dispose_command.c -- dispose of a COMMAND structure. */ /* Copyright (C) 1987,1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc. This file is part of GNU Bash, the Bourne Again SHell. Bash is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 1, or (at your option) any later version. Bash is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details. You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with Bash; see the file COPYING. If not, write to the Free Software Foundation, 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. */ #include "shell.h" /* Dispose of the command structure passed. */ void dispose_command (command) COMMAND *command; { if (!command) return; if (command->redirects) dispose_redirects (command->redirects); switch (command->type) { case cm_for: { register FOR_COM *c = command->value.For; dispose_word (c->name); dispose_words (c->map_list); dispose_command (c->action); free (c); break; } #if defined (SELECT_COMMAND) case cm_select: { register SELECT_COM *c = command->value.Select; dispose_word (c->name); dispose_words (c->map_list); dispose_command (c->action); free (c); break; } #endif case cm_group: { dispose_command (command->value.Group->command); free (command->value.Group); break; } case cm_case: { register CASE_COM *c = command->value.Case; PATTERN_LIST *t, *p = c->clauses; dispose_word (c->word); while (p) { dispose_words (p->patterns); dispose_command (p->action); t = p; p = p->next; free (t); } free (c); break; } case cm_until: case cm_while: { register WHILE_COM *c = command->value.While; dispose_command (c->test); dispose_command (c->action); free (c); break; } case cm_if: { register IF_COM *c = command->value.If; dispose_command (c->test); dispose_command (c->true_case); dispose_command (c->false_case); free (c); break; } case cm_simple: { register SIMPLE_COM *c = command->value.Simple; dispose_words (c->words); dispose_redirects (c->redirects); free (c); break; } case cm_connection: { register CONNECTION *c = command->value.Connection; dispose_command (c->first); dispose_command (c->second); free (c); break; } case cm_function_def: { register FUNCTION_DEF *c = command->value.Function_def; dispose_word (c->name); dispose_command (c->command); free (c); break; } default: report_error ("Attempt to free unknown command type `%d'.\n", command->type); break; } free (command); } /* How to free a WORD_DESC. */ void dispose_word (word) WORD_DESC *word; { if (word->word) free (word->word); free (word); } /* How to get rid of a linked list of words. A WORD_LIST. */ void dispose_words (list) WORD_LIST *list; { WORD_LIST *t; while (list) { t = list; list = list->next; dispose_word (t->word); free (t); } } /* How to dispose of an array of pointers to char. */ void dispose_word_array (array) char **array; { register int count; for (count = 0; array[count]; count++) free (array[count]); free (array); } /* How to dispose of an list of redirections. A REDIRECT. */ void dispose_redirects (list) REDIRECT *list; { register REDIRECT *t; while (list) { t = list; list = list->next; switch (t->instruction) { case r_reading_until: case r_deblank_reading_until: free (t->here_doc_eof); /* ... */ case r_output_direction: case r_input_direction: case r_inputa_direction: case r_appending_to: case r_err_and_out: case r_input_output: case r_output_force: case r_duplicating_input_word: case r_duplicating_output_word: dispose_word (t->redirectee.filename); break; } free (t); } } bash-1.14.3/dispose_cmd.h 644 436 0 2245 5505132241 13313 0ustar chetwheel/* dispose_cmd.h -- Functions appearing in dispose_cmd.c. */ /* Copyright (C) 1993 Free Software Foundation, Inc. This file is part of GNU Bash, the Bourne Again SHell. Bash is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option) any later version. Bash is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details. You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with Bash; see the file COPYING. If not, write to the Free Software Foundation, 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. */ #if !defined (_DISPOSE_CMD_H_) #define _DISPOSE_CMD_H_ #include "stdc.h" extern void dispose_command __P((COMMAND *)); extern void dispose_word __P((WORD_DESC *)); extern void dispose_words __P((WORD_LIST *)); extern void dispose_word_array __P((char **)); extern void dispose_redirects __P((REDIRECT *)); #endif /* !_DISPOSE_CMD_H_ */ bash-1.14.3/documentation/ 775 436 0 0 5701345723 13452 5ustar chetwheelbash-1.14.3/documentation/Makefile 664 436 0 5613 5701345717 15202 0ustar chetwheel# This Makefile is for the Bash/documentation directory -*- text -*-. # CP = cp RM = rm -f INSTALL_DATA = install -c -m 644 DOC_SUPPORT = ../lib/doc-support/ TEXINDEX = $(DOC_SUPPORT)texindex TEXINDSRC = $(DOC_SUPPORT)texindex.c TEX = tex QUIETPS = #set this to -q to shut up dvips DVIPS = dvips -D 300 $(QUIETPS) -o $@ # tricky TEXINPUTS = ./../lib/readline/doc MAKEINFO = makeinfo # Change to groff -Tascii if you don't have nroff NROFF = nroff # This should be a program that converts troff to postscript GROFF = groff HSUSER = ./../lib/readline/doc/hsuser.texinfo RLUSER = ./../lib/readline/doc/rluser.texinfo .SUFFIXES: .1 .3 .ms .ps .txt .dvi .1.ps: $(RM) $@ ${GROFF} -man $< > $@ .1.txt: $(RM) $@ ${NROFF} -man $< > $@ .ms.ps: $(RM) $@ ${GROFF} -ms $< > $@ .ms.txt: $(RM) $@ ${NROFF} -ms $< > $@ .3.ps: $(RM) $@ ${GROFF} -man $< > $@ .3.txt: $(RM) $@ ${NROFF} -man $< > $@ all: ps info dvi text ps: bash.ps builtins.ps readline.ps article.ps dvi: features.dvi features.ps info: features.info text: bash.txt builtins.txt readline.txt article.txt features.dvi: features.texi $(HSUSER) $(RLUSER) TEXINPUTS=.:$(TEXINPUTS):$$TEXINPUTS $(TEX) features.texi $(TEXINDEX) features.?? TEXINPUTS=.:$(TEXINPUTS):$$TEXINPUTS $(TEX) features.texi features.ps: features.dvi $(RM) $@ $(DVIPS) features.dvi features.info: features.texi $(HSUSER) $(RLUSER) $(MAKEINFO) --no-split -I$(TEXINPUTS) features.texi bash.dvi: $(TEXINDEX) bash.texinfo $(HSUSER) $(RLUSER) TEXINPUTS=.:$(TEXINPUTS):$$TEXINPUTS $(TEX) bash.texinfo $(TEXINDEX) bash.?? TEXINPUTS=.:$(TEXINPUTS):$$TEXINPUTS $(TEX) bash.texinfo bashman.ps: bash.dvi rm -f $@ $(DVIPS) bash.dvi bash.txt: bash.1 bash.ps: bash.1 builtins.ps: builtins.1 bash.1 builtins.txt: builtins.1 bash.1 readline.txt: readline.3 readline.ps: readline.3 article.ps: article.ms $(TEXINDEX): $(TEXINDSRC) (cd $(DOC_SUPPORT); $(MAKE) $(MFLAGS) texindex) hsuser.texinfo: ../lib/readline/doc/hsuser.texinfo ln -s ../lib/readline/doc/hsuser.texinfo . rluser.texinfo: ../lib/readline/doc/rluser.texinfo ln -s ../lib/readline/doc/rluser.texinfo . clean: rm -f *.aux *.cp *.fn *.ky *.log *.pg *.toc *.tp *.vr *.cps *.pgs \ *.fns *.kys *.tps *.vrs *.o core texindex rluser.texinfo hsuser.texinfo distclean: rm -f *.aux *.cp *.fn *.ky *.log *.pg *.toc *.tp *.vr *.cps *.pgs \ *.dvi *.info *.info-* *.fns *.kys *.tps *.vrs *.o core texindex \ rluser.texinfo hsuser.texinfo realclean: clean install: all -[ -d $(mandir) ] || mkdir $(mandir) $(INSTALL_DATA) bash.1 $(mandir) sed 's:so bash.1:so man1/bash.1:' < builtins.1 > $(mandir)/bash_builtins.1 -[ -d $(man3dir) ] || mkdir $(man3dir) $(INSTALL_DATA) readline.3 $(man3dir) -[ -d $(infodir) ] || mkdir $(infodir) $(INSTALL_DATA) features.info $(infodir)/bash.info uninstall: $(RM) $(mandir)/bash.1 $(mandir)/bash_builtins.1 $(RM) $(man3dir)/readline.3 $(infodir)/bash.info bash-1.14.3/documentation/bash.1 644 436 0 416303 5671116206 14574 0ustar chetwheel.\" .\" MAN PAGE COMMENTS to .\" .\" Chet Ramey .\" Information Network Services .\" Case Western Reserve University .\" chet@ins.CWRU.Edu .\" .\" Last Change: Tue Dec 6 12:15:11 EST 1994 .\" .\" bash_builtins, strip all but Built-Ins section .if \n(zZ=1 .ig zZ .TH BASH 1 "1994 Dec 6" GNU .\" .\" There's some problem with having a `@' .\" in a tagged paragraph with the BSD man macros. .\" It has to do with `@' appearing in the }1 macro. .\" This is a problem on 4.3 BSD and Ultrix, but Sun .\" appears to have fixed it. .\" If you're seeing the characters .\" `@u-3p' appearing before the lines reading .\" `possible-hostname-completions .\" and `complete-hostname' down in READLINE, .\" then uncomment this redefinition. .\" .de }1 .ds ]X \&\\*(]B\\ .nr )E 0 .if !"\\$1"" .nr )I \\$1n .}f .ll \\n(LLu .in \\n()Ru+\\n(INu+\\n()Iu .ti \\n(INu .ie !\\n()Iu+\\n()Ru-\w\\*(]Xu-3p \{\\*(]X .br\} .el \\*(]X\h|\\n()Iu+\\n()Ru\c .}f .. .\" .\" File Name macro. This used to be `.PN', for Path Name, .\" but Sun doesn't seem to like that very much. .\" .de FN \fI\|\\$1\|\fP .. .SH NAME bash \- GNU Bourne\-Again SHell .SH SYNOPSIS .B bash [options] [file] .SH COPYRIGHT .if n Bash is Copyright (C) 1989, 1991 by the Free Software Foundation, Inc. .if t Bash is Copyright \(co 1989, 1991 by the Free Software Foundation, Inc. .SH DESCRIPTION .B Bash is an \fBsh\fR\-compatible command language interpreter that executes commands read from the standard input or from a file. .B Bash also incorporates useful features from the \fIKorn\fP and \fIC\fP shells (\fBksh\fP and \fBcsh\fP). .PP .B Bash is ultimately intended to be a conformant implementation of the IEEE Posix Shell and Tools specification (IEEE Working Group 1003\.2). .SH OPTIONS In addition to the single\-character shell options documented in the description of the \fBset\fR builtin command, \fBbash\fR interprets the following flags when it is invoked: .PP .PD 0 .TP 10 .BI \-c "\| string\^" If the .B \-c flag is present, then commands are read from .IR string . If there are arguments after the .IR string , they are assigned to the positional parameters, starting with .BR $0 . .TP .B \-i If the .B \-i flag is present, the shell is .IR interactive . .TP .B \-s If the .B \-s flag is present, or if no arguments remain after option processing, then commands are read from the standard input. This option allows the positional parameters to be set when invoking an interactive shell. .TP .B \- A single .B \- signals the end of options and disables further option processing. Any arguments after the .B \- are treated as filenames and arguments. An argument of .B \-\- is equivalent to an argument of \fB\-\fP. .PD .PP .B Bash also interprets a number of multi\-character options. These options must appear on the command line before the single\-character options to be recognized. .PP .PD 0 .TP 10 .B \-norc Do not read and execute the personal initialization file .I ~/.bashrc if the shell is interactive. This option is on by default if the shell is invoked as .BR sh . .TP .B \-noprofile Do not read either the system\-wide startup file .FN /etc/profile or any of the personal initialization files .IR ~/.bash_profile , .IR ~/.bash_login , or .IR ~/.profile . By default, .B bash normally reads these files when it is invoked as a login shell (see .SM .B INVOCATION below). .TP \fB\-rcfile\fP \fIfile\fP Execute commands from .I file instead of the standard personal initialization file .IR ~/.bashrc , if the shell is interactive (see .SM .B INVOCATION below). .TP .B \-version Show the version number of this instance of .B bash when starting. .TP .B \-quiet Do not be verbose when starting up (do not show the shell version or any other information). This is the default. .TP .B \-login Make .B bash act as if it had been invoked as a login shell. .TP .B \-nobraceexpansion Do not perform curly brace expansion (see .B Brace Expansion below). .TP .B \-nolineediting Do not use the GNU .I readline library to read command lines if interactive. .TP .B \-posix Change the behavior of bash where the default operation differs from the Posix 1003.2 standard to match the standard .PD .SH ARGUMENTS If arguments remain after option processing, and neither the .B \-c nor the .B \-s option has been supplied, the first argument is assumed to be the name of a file containing shell commands. If .B bash is invoked in this fashion, .B $0 is set to the name of the file, and the positional parameters are set to the remaining arguments. .B Bash reads and executes commands from this file, then exits. .B Bash's exit status is the exit status of the last command executed in the script. .SH DEFINITIONS .PD 0 .TP .B blank A space or tab. .TP .B word A sequence of characters considered as a single unit by the shell. Also known as a .BR token . .TP .B name A .I word consisting only of alphanumeric characters and underscores, and beginning with an alphabetic character or an underscore. Also referred to as an .BR identifier . .TP .B metacharacter A character that, when unquoted, separates words. One of the following: .br .RS .PP .if t \fB| & ; ( ) < > space tab\fP .if n \fB| & ; ( ) < > space tab\fP .RE .PP .TP .B control operator A \fItoken\fP that performs a control function. It is one of the following symbols: .RS .PP .if t \fB\(bv\|\(bv & && ; ;; ( ) | \fP .if n \fB|| & && ; ;; ( ) | \fP .RE .PD .SH "RESERVED WORDS" \fIReserved words\fP are words that have a special meaning to the shell. The following words are recognized as reserved when unquoted and either the first word of a simple command (see .SM .B SHELL GRAMMAR below) or the third word of a .B case or .B for command: .if t .RS .PP .B .if n ! case do done elif else esac fi for function if in select then until while { } .if t ! case do done elif else esac fi for function if in select then until while { } .if t .RE .RE .SH "SHELL GRAMMAR" .SS Simple Commands .PP A \fIsimple command\fP is a sequence of optional variable assignments followed by \fIblank\fP\-separated words and redirections, and terminated by a \fIcontrol operator\fP. The first word specifies the command to be executed. The remaining words are passed as arguments to the invoked command. .PP The return value of a \fIsimple command\fP is its exit status, or 128+\fIn\^\fP if the command is terminated by signal .IR n . .SS Pipelines .PP A \fIpipeline\fP is a sequence of one or more commands separated by the character .BR | . The format for a pipeline is: .RS .PP [ ! ] \fIcommand\fP [ \fB|\fP \fIcommand2\fP ... ] .RE .PP The standard output of .I command is connected to the standard input of .IR command2 . This connection is performed before any redirections specified by the command (see .SM .B REDIRECTION below). .PP If the reserved word .B ! precedes a pipeline, the exit status of that pipeline is the logical NOT of the exit status of the last command. Otherwise, the status of the pipeline is the exit status of the last command. The shell waits for all commands in the pipeline to terminate before returning a value. .PP Each command in a pipeline is executed as a separate process (i.e., in a subshell). .SS Lists .PP A \fIlist\fP is a sequence of one or more pipelines separated by one of the operators .BR ; , .BR & , .BR && , or .BR \(bv\|\(bv , and terminated by one of .BR ; , .BR & , or .BR . .PP Of these list operators, .B && and .B \(bv\|\(bv have equal precedence, followed by .B ; and .BR &, which have equal precedence. .PP If a command is terminated by the control operator .BR & , the shell executes the command in the \fIbackground\fP in a subshell. The shell does not wait for the command to finish, and the return status is 0. Commands separated by a .B ; are executed sequentially; the shell waits for each command to terminate in turn. The return status is the exit status of the last command executed. .PP The control operators .B && and .B \(bv\|\(bv denote AND lists and OR lists, respectively. An AND list has the form .RS .PP \fIcommand\fP \fB&&\fP \fIcommand2\fP .RE .PP .I command2 is executed if, and only if, .I command returns an exit status of zero. .PP An OR list has the form .RS .PP \fIcommand\fP \fB\(bv\|\(bv\fP \fIcommand2\fP .PP .RE .PP .I command2 is executed if and only if .I command returns a non\-zero exit status. The return status of AND and OR lists is the exit status of the last command executed in the list. .SS Compound Commands .PP A \fIcompound command\fP is one of the following: .TP (\fIlist\fP) \fIlist\fP is executed in a subshell. Variable assignments and builtin commands that affect the shell's environment do not remain in effect after the command completes. The return status is the exit status of \fIlist\fP. .TP { \fIlist\fP; } \fIlist\fP is simply executed in the current shell environment. This is known as a \fIgroup command\fP. The return status is the exit status of \fIlist\fP. .TP \fBfor\fP \fIname\fP [ \fBin\fP \fIword\fP; ] \fBdo\fP \fIlist\fP ; \fBdone\fP The list of words following \fBin\fP is expanded, generating a list of items. The variable \fIname\fP is set to each element of this list in turn, and \fIlist\fP is executed each time. If the \fBin\fP \fIword\fP is omitted, the \fBfor\fP command executes \fIlist\fP once for each positional parameter that is set (see .SM .B PARAMETERS below). .TP \fBselect\fP \fIname\fP [ \fBin\fP \fIword\fP; ] \fBdo\fP \fIlist\fP ; \fBdone\fP The list of words following \fBin\fP is expanded, generating a list of items. The set of expanded words is printed on the standard error, each preceded by a number. If the \fBin\fP \fIword\fP is omitted, the positional parameters are printed (see .SM .B PARAMETERS below). The .B PS3 prompt is then displayed and a line read from the standard input. If the line consists of the number corresponding to one of the displayed words, then the value of .I name is set to that word. If the line is empty, the words and prompt are displayed again. If EOF is read, the command completes. Any other value read causes .I name to be set to null. The line read is saved in the variable .BR REPLY . The .I list is executed after each selection until a .B break or .B return command is executed. The exit status of .B select is the exit status of the last command executed in .IR list , or zero if no commands were executed. .TP \fBcase\fP \fIword\fP \fBin\fP [ \fIpattern\fP [ \fB|\fP \fIpattern\fP ] \ ... ) \fIlist\fP ;; ] ... \fBesac\fP A \fBcase\fP command first expands \fIword\fP, and tries to match it against each \fIpattern\fP in turn, using the same matching rules as for pathname expansion (see .B Pathname Expansion below). When a match is found, the corresponding \fIlist\fP is executed. After the first match, no subsequent matches are attempted. The exit status is zero if no patterns are matches. Otherwise, it is the exit status of the last command executed in \fIlist\fP. .TP \fBif\fP \fIlist\fP \fBthen\fP \fIlist\fP \ [ \fBelif\fP \fIlist\fP \fBthen\fP \fIlist\fP ] ... \ [ \fBelse\fP \fIlist\fP ] \fBfi\fP The .B if .I list is executed. If its exit status is zero, the \fBthen\fP \fIlist\fP is executed. Otherwise, each \fBelif\fP \fIlist\fP is executed in turn, and if its exit status is zero, the corresponding \fBthen\fP \fIlist\fP is executed and the command completes. Otherwise, the \fBelse\fP \fIlist\fP is executed, if present. The exit status is the exit status of the last command executed, or zero if no condition tested true. .TP .PD 0 \fBwhile\fP \fIlist\fP \fBdo\fP \fIlist\fP \fBdone\fP .TP \fBuntil\fP \fIlist\fP \fBdo\fP \fIlist\fP \fBdone\fP .PD The \fBwhile\fP command continuously executes the \fBdo\fP \fIlist\fP as long as the last command in \fIlist\fP returns an exit status of zero. The \fBuntil\fP command is identical to the \fBwhile\fP command, except that the test is negated; the .B do .I list is executed as long as the last command in .I list returns a non\-zero exit status. The exit status of the \fBwhile\fP and \fBuntil\fP commands is the exit status of the last \fBdo\fP \fIlist\fP command executed, or zero if none was executed. .TP [ \fBfunction\fP ] \fIname\fP () { \fIlist\fP; } This defines a function named \fIname\fP. The \fIbody\fP of the function is the .I list of commands between { and }. This list is executed whenever \fIname\fP is specified as the name of a simple command. The exit status of a function is the exit status of the last command executed in the body. (See .SM .B FUNCTIONS below.) .SH COMMENTS In a non\-interactive shell, or an interactive shell in which the .B -o interactive\-comments option to the \fBset\fP builtin is enabled, a word beginning with .B # causes that word and all remaining characters on that line to be ignored. An interactive shell without the .B -o interactive\-comments option enabled does not allow comments. .SH QUOTING \fIQuoting\fP is used to remove the special meaning of certain characters or words to the shell. Quoting can be used to disable special treatment for special characters, to prevent reserved words from being recognized as such, and to prevent parameter expansion. .PP Each of the \fImetacharacters\fP listed above under .SM .B DEFINITIONS has special meaning to the shell and must be quoted if they are to represent themselves. There are three quoting mechanisms: the .IR "escape character" , single quotes, and double quotes. .PP A non-quoted backslash (\fB\e\fP) is the .IR "escape character" . It preserves the literal value of the next character that follows, with the exception of . If a \fB\e\fP pair appears, and the backslash is not quoted, the \fB\e\fP is treated as a line continuation (that is, it is effectively ignored). .PP Enclosing characters in single quotes preserves the literal value of each character within the quotes. A single quote may not occur between single quotes, even when preceded by a backslash. .PP Enclosing characters in double quotes preserves the literal value of all characters within the quotes, with the exception of .BR $ , .BR ` , and .BR \e . The characters .B $ and .B ` retain their special meaning within double quotes. The backslash retains its special meaning only when followed by one of the following characters: .BR $ , .BR ` , \^\fB"\fP\^, .BR \e , or .BR . A double quote may be quoted within double quotes by preceding it with a backslash. .PP The special parameters .B * and .B @ have special meaning when in double quotes (see .SM .B PARAMETERS below). .SH PARAMETERS A .I parameter is an entity that stores values, somewhat like a variable in a conventional programming language. It can be a .IR name , a number, or one of the special characters listed below under .BR "Special Parameters" . For the shell's purposes, a .I variable is a parameter denoted by a .IR name . .PP A parameter is set if it has been assigned a value. The null string is a valid value. Once a variable is set, it may be unset only by using the .B unset builtin command (see .SM .B SHELL BUILTIN COMMANDS below). .PP A .I variable may be assigned to by a statement of the form .RS .PP \fIname\fP=[\fIvalue\fP] .RE .PP If .I value is not given, the variable is assigned the null string. All .I values undergo tilde expansion, parameter and variable expansion, command substitution, arithmetic expansion, and quote removal. If the variable has its .B \-i attribute set (see .B declare below in .SM .BR "SHELL BUILTIN COMMANDS" ) then .I value is subject to arithmetic expansion even if the $[...] syntax does not appear. Word splitting is not performed, with the exception of \fB"$@"\fP as explained below under .BR "Special Parameters" . Pathname expansion is not performed. .SS Positional Parameters .PP A .I positional parameter is a parameter denoted by one or more digits, other than the single digit 0. Positional parameters are assigned from the shell's arguments when it is invoked, and may be reassigned using the .B set builtin command. Positional parameters may not be assigned to with assignment statements. The positional parameters are temporarily replaced when a shell function is executed (see .SM .B FUNCTIONS below). .PP When a positional parameter consisting of more than a single digit is expanded, it must be enclosed in braces (see .SM .B EXPANSION below). .SS Special Parameters .PP The shell treats several parameters specially. These parameters may only be referenced; assignment to them is not allowed. .PD 0 .TP .B * Expands to the positional parameters, starting from one. When the expansion occurs within double quotes, it expands to a single word with the value of each parameter separated by the first character of the .SM .B IFS special variable. That is, ``\fB$*\fP'' is equivalent to ``\fB$1\fP\fIc\fP\fB$2\fP\fIc\fP\fB...\fP'', where .I c is the first character of the value of the .SM .B IFS variable. If .SM .B IFS is null or unset, the parameters are separated by spaces. .TP .B @ Expands to the positional parameters, starting from one. When the expansion occurs within double quotes, each parameter expands as a separate word. That is, `` .BR $@ '' is equivalent to ``\fB$1\fP'' ``\fB$2\fP'' ... When there are no positional parameters, ``\fB$@\fP'' and .B $@ expand to nothing (i.e., they are removed). .TP .B # Expands to the number of positional parameters in decimal. .TP .B ? Expands to the status of the most recently executed foreground pipeline. .TP .B \- Expands to the current option flags as specified upon invocation, by the .B set builtin command, or those set by the shell itself (such as the .B \-i flag). .TP .B $ Expands to the process ID of the shell. In a () subshell, it expands to the process ID of the current shell, not the subshell. .TP .B ! Expands to the process ID of the most recently executed background (asynchronous) command. .TP .B 0 Expands to the name of the shell or shell script. This is set at shell initialization. If .B bash is invoked with a file of commands, .B $0 is set to the name of that file. If .B bash is started with the .B \-c option, then .B $0 is set to the first argument after the string to be executed, if one is present. Otherwise, it is set to the pathname used to invoke .BR bash , as given by argument zero. .TP .B _ Expands to the last argument to the previous command, after expansion. Also set to the full pathname of each command executed and placed in the environment exported to that command. .PD .SS Shell Variables .PP The following variables are set by the shell: .PP .PD 0 .TP .B PPID The process ID of the shell's parent. .TP .B PWD The current working directory as set by the .B cd command. .TP .B OLDPWD The previous working directory as set by the .B cd command. .TP .B REPLY Set to the line of input read by the .B read builtin command when no arguments are supplied. .TP .B UID Expands to the user ID of the current user, initialized at shell startup. .TP .B EUID Expands to the effective user ID of the current user, initialized at shell startup. .TP .B BASH Expands to the full pathname used to invoke this instance of .BR bash . .TP .B BASH_VERSION Expands to the version number of this instance of .BR bash . .TP .B SHLVL Incremented by one each time an instance of .B bash is started. .TP .B RANDOM Each time this parameter is referenced, a random integer is generated. The sequence of random numbers may be initialized by assigning a value to .SM .BR RANDOM . If .SM .B RANDOM is unset, it loses its special properties, even if it is subsequently reset. .TP .B SECONDS Each time this parameter is referenced, the number of seconds since shell invocation is returned. If a value is assigned to .SM .BR SECONDS , the value returned upon subsequent references is the number of seconds since the assignment plus the value assigned. If .SM .B SECONDS is unset, it loses its special properties, even if it is subsequently reset. .TP .B LINENO Each time this parameter is referenced, the shell substitutes a decimal number representing the current sequential line number (starting with 1) within a script or function. When not in a script or function, the value substituted is not guaranteed to be meaningful. When in a function, the value is not the number of the source line that the command appears on (that information has been lost by the time the function is executed), but is an approximation of the number of .I simple commands executed in the current function. If .SM .B LINENO is unset, it loses its special properties, even if it is subsequently reset. .TP .B HISTCMD The history number, or index in the history list, of the current command. If .SM .B HISTCMD is unset, it loses its special properties, even if it is subsequently reset. .TP .B OPTARG The value of the last option argument processed by the .B getopts builtin command (see .SM .B SHELL BUILTIN COMMANDS below). .TP .B OPTIND The index of the next argument to be processed by the .B getopts builtin command (see .SM .B SHELL BUILTIN COMMANDS below). .TP .B HOSTTYPE Automatically set to a string that uniquely describes the type of machine on which .B bash is executing. The default is system-dependent. .TP .B OSTYPE Automatically set to a string that describes the operating system on which .B bash is executing. The default is system-dependent. .PD .PP The following variables are used by the shell. In some cases, .B bash assigns a default value to a variable; these cases are noted below. .PP .PD 0 .TP .B IFS The .I Internal Field Separator that is used for word splitting after expansion and to split lines into words with the .B read builtin command. The default value is ``''. .TP .B PATH The search path for commands. It is a colon-separated list of directories in which the shell looks for commands (see .SM .B COMMAND EXECUTION below). The default path is system\-dependent, and is set by the administrator who installs .BR bash . A common value is ``.:/usr/gnu/bin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/ucb:/bin:/usr/bin:/etc:/usr/etc''. Note that in some circumstances, however, a leading `.' in .SM .B PATH can be a security hazard. .TP .B HOME The home directory of the current user; the default argument for the \fBcd\fP builtin command. .TP .B CDPATH The search path for the .B cd command. This is a colon-separated list of directories in which the shell looks for destination directories specified by the .B cd command. A sample value is ``.:~:/usr''. .TP .B ENV If this parameter is set when \fBbash\fP is executing a shell script, its value is interpreted as a filename containing commands to initialize the shell, as in .IR .bashrc . The value of .SM .B ENV is subjected to parameter expansion, command substitution, and arithmetic expansion before being interpreted as a pathname. .SM .B PATH is not used to search for the resultant pathname. .TP .B MAIL If this parameter is set to a filename and the .SM .B MAILPATH variable is not set, .B bash informs the user of the arrival of mail in the specified file. .TP .B MAILCHECK Specifies how often (in seconds) .B bash checks for mail. The default is 60 seconds. When it is time to check for mail, the shell does so before prompting. If this variable is unset, the shell disables mail checking. .TP .B MAILPATH A colon-separated list of pathnames to be checked for mail. The message to be printed may be specified by separating the pathname from the message with a `?'. $_ stands for the name of the current mailfile. Example: .RS .PP \fBMAILPATH\fP='/usr/spool/mail/bfox?"You have mail":~/shell-mail?"$_ has mail!"' .PP .B Bash supplies a default value for this variable, but the location of the user mail files that it uses is system dependent (e.g., /usr/spool/mail/\fB$USER\fP). .RE .TP .B MAIL_WARNING If set, and a file that \fBbash\fP is checking for mail has been accessed since the last time it was checked, the message ``The mail in \fImailfile\fP has been read'' is printed. .TP .B PS1 The value of this parameter is expanded (see .SM .B PROMPTING below) and used as the primary prompt string. The default value is ``\fBbash\e$ \fP''. .TP .B PS2 The value of this parameter is expanded and used as the secondary prompt string. The default is ``\fB> \fP''. .TP .B PS3 The value of this parameter is used as the prompt for the .I select command (see .SM .B SHELL GRAMMAR above). .TP .B PS4 The value of this parameter is expanded and the value is printed before each command .B bash displays during an execution trace. The first character of .SM .B PS4 is replicated multiple times, as necessary, to indicate multiple levels of indirection. The default is ``\fB+ \fP''. .TP .B HISTSIZE The number of commands to remember in the command history (see .SM .B HISTORY below). The default value is 500. .TP .B HISTFILE The name of the file in which command history is saved. (See .SM .B HISTORY below.) The default value is \fI~/.bash_history\fP. If unset, the command history is not saved when an interactive shell exits. .TP .B HISTFILESIZE The maximum number of lines contained in the history file. When this variable is assigned a value, the history file is truncated, if necessary, to contain no more than that number of lines. The default value is 500. .TP .B OPTERR If set to the value 1, .B bash displays error messages generated by the .B getopts builtin command (see .SM .B SHELL BUILTIN COMMANDS below). .SM .B OPTERR is initialized to 1 each time the shell is invoked or a shell script is executed. .TP .B PROMPT_COMMAND If set, the value is executed as a command prior to issuing each primary prompt. .TP .B IGNOREEOF Controls the action of the shell on receipt of an .SM .B EOF character as the sole input. If set, the value is the number of consecutive .SM .B EOF characters typed as the first characters on an input line before .B bash exits. If the variable exists but does not have a numeric value, or has no value, the default value is 10. If it does not exist, .SM .B EOF signifies the end of input to the shell. This is only in effect for interactive shells. .TP .B TMOUT If set to a value greater than zero, the value is interpreted as the number of seconds to wait for input after issuing the primary prompt. .B Bash terminates after waiting for that number of seconds if input does not arrive. .TP .B FCEDIT The default editor for the .B fc builtin command. .TP .B FIGNORE A colon-separated list of suffixes to ignore when performing filename completion (see .SM .B READLINE below). A filename whose suffix matches one of the entries in .SM .B FIGNORE is excluded from the list of matched filenames. A sample value is ``.o:~''. .TP .B INPUTRC The filename for the readline startup file, overriding the default of .FN ~/.inputrc (see .SM .B READLINE below). .TP .B notify If set, .B bash reports terminated background jobs immediately, rather than waiting until before printing the next primary prompt (see also the .B \-b option to the .B set builtin command). .PD 0 .TP .B history_control .TP .B HISTCONTROL .PD If set to a value of .IR ignorespace , lines which begin with a .B space character are not entered on the history list. If set to a value of .IR ignoredups , lines matching the last history line are not entered. A value of .I ignoreboth combines the two options. If unset, or if set to any other value than those above, all lines read by the parser are saved on the history list. .TP .B command_oriented_history If set, .B bash attempts to save all lines of a multiple\-line command in the same history entry. This allows easy re\-editing of multi\-line commands. .TP .B glob_dot_filenames If set, .B bash includes filenames beginning with a `.' in the results of pathname expansion. .TP .B allow_null_glob_expansion If set, .B bash allows pathname patterns which match no files (see .B Pathname Expansion below) to expand to a null string, rather than themselves. .TP .B histchars The two or three characters which control history expansion and tokenization (see .SM .B HISTORY EXPANSION below). The first character is the .IR "history expansion character" , that is, the character which signals the start of a history expansion, normally `\fB!\fP'. The second character is the .IR "quick substitution" character, which is used as shorthand for re-running the previous command entered, substituting one string for another in the command. The default is `\fB^\fP'. The optional third character is the character which signifies that the remainder of the line is a comment, when found as the first character of a word, normally `\fB#\fP'. The history comment character causes history substitution to be skipped for the remaining words on the line. It does not necessarily cause the shell parser to treat the rest of the line as a comment. .TP .B nolinks If set, the shell does not follow symbolic links when executing commands that change the current working directory. It uses the physical directory structure instead. By default, .B bash follows the logical chain of directories when performing commands which change the current directory, such as .BR cd . See also the description of the \fB\-P\fP option to the \fBset\fP builtin ( .SM .B SHELL BUILTIN COMMANDS below). .PD 0 .TP .B hostname_completion_file .TP .B HOSTFILE .PD Contains the name of a file in the same format as .FN /etc/hosts that should be read when the shell needs to complete a hostname. The file may be changed interactively; the next time hostname completion is attempted .B bash adds the contents of the new file to the already existing database. .TP .B noclobber If set, .B bash does not overwrite an existing file with the .BR > , .BR >& , and .B <> redirection operators. This variable may be overridden when creating output files by using the redirection operator .B >| instead of .B > (see also the \fB\-C\fP option to the .B set builtin command). .TP .B auto_resume This variable controls how the shell interacts with the user and job control. If this variable is set, single word simple commands without redirections are treated as candidates for resumption of an existing stopped job. There is no ambiguity allowed; if there is more than one job beginning with the string typed, the job most recently accessed is selected. The .I name of a stopped job, in this context, is the command line used to start it. If set to the value .IR exact , the string supplied must match the name of a stopped job exactly; if set to .IR substring , the string supplied needs to match a substring of the name of a stopped job. The .I substring value provides functionality analogous to the .B %? job id (see .SM .B JOB CONTROL below). If set to any other value, the supplied string must be a prefix of a stopped job's name; this provides functionality analogous to the .B % job id. .TP .B no_exit_on_failed_exec If this variable exists, a non-interactive shell will not exit if it cannot execute the file specified in the .B exec builtin command. An interactive shell does not exit if .B exec fails. .TP .B cdable_vars If this is set, an argument to the .B cd builtin command that is not a directory is assumed to be the name of a variable whose value is the directory to change to. .PD .SH EXPANSION Expansion is performed on the command line after it has been split into words. There are seven kinds of expansion performed: .IR "brace expansion" , .IR "tilde expansion" , .IR "parameter and variable expansion" , .IR "command substitution" , .IR "arithmetic expansion" , .IR "word splitting" , and .IR "pathname expansion" . .PP The order of expansions is: brace expansion, tilde expansion, parameter, variable, command, and arithmetic substitution (done in a left\-to\-right fashion), word splitting, and pathname expansion. .PP On systems that can support it, there is an additional expansion available: \fIprocess substitution\fP. .PP Only brace expansion, word splitting, and pathname expansion can change the number of words of the expansion; other expansions expand a single word to a single word. The single exception to this is the expansion of ``\fB$@\fP'' as explained above (see .SM .BR PARAMETERS ). .SS Brace Expansion .PP .I "Brace expansion" is a mechanism by which arbitrary strings may be generated. This mechanism is similar to \fIpathname expansion\fP, but the filenames generated need not exist. Patterns to be brace expanded take the form of an optional .IR preamble , followed by a series of comma-separated strings between a pair of braces, followed by an optional .IR postamble . The preamble is prepended to each string contained within the braces, and the postamble is then appended to each resulting string, expanding left to right. .PP Brace expansions may be nested. The results of each expanded string are not sorted; left to right order is preserved. For example, a\fB{\fPd,c,b\fB}\fPe expands into `ade ace abe'. .PP Brace expansion is performed before any other expansions, and any characters special to other expansions are preserved in the result. It is strictly textual. .B Bash does not apply any syntactic interpretation to the context of the expansion or the text between the braces. .PP A correctly-formed brace expansion must contain unquoted opening and closing braces, and at least one unquoted comma. Any incorrectly formed brace expansion is left unchanged. .PP This construct is typically used as shorthand when the common prefix of the strings to be generated is longer than in the above example: .RS .PP mkdir /usr/local/src/bash/{old,new,dist,bugs} .RE or .RS chown root /usr/{ucb/{ex,edit},lib/{ex?.?*,how_ex}} .RE .PP Brace expansion introduces a slight incompatibility with traditional versions of .BR sh , the Bourne shell. .B sh does not treat opening or closing braces specially when they appear as part of a word, and preserves them in the output. .B Bash removes braces from words as a consequence of brace expansion. For example, a word entered to .B sh as \fIfile{1,2}\fP appears identically in the output. The same word is output as .I file1 file2 after expansion by .BR bash . If strict compatibility with .B sh is desired, start .B bash with the .B \-nobraceexpansion flag (see .SM .B OPTIONS above) or disable brace expansion with the .B +o braceexpand option to the .B set command (see .SM .B SHELL BUILTIN COMMANDS below). .SS Tilde Expansion .PP If a word begins with a tilde character (`\fB~\fP'), all of the characters preceding the first slash (or all characters, if there is no slash) are treated as a possible \fIlogin name\fP. If this \fIlogin name\fP is the null string, the tilde is replaced with the value of the parameter .SM .BR HOME . If .SM .B HOME is unset, the home directory of the user executing the shell is substituted instead. .PP If a `+' follows the tilde, the value of .SM .B PWD replaces the tilde and `+'. If a `\-' follows, the value of .SM .B OLDPWD is substituted. If the value following the tilde is a valid \fIlogin name\fP, the tilde and \fIlogin name\fP are replaced with the home directory associated with that name. If the name is invalid, or the tilde expansion fails, the word is unchanged. .PP Each variable assignment is checked for unquoted instances of tildes following a .B : or .BR = . In these cases, tilde substitution is also performed. Consequently, one may use pathnames with tildes in assignments to .SM .BR PATH , .SM .BR MAILPATH , and .SM .BR CDPATH , and the shell assigns the expanded value. .SS Parameter Expansion .PP The `\fB$\fP' character introduces parameter expansion, command substitution, or arithmetic expansion. The parameter name or symbol to be expanded may be enclosed in braces, which are optional but serve to protect the variable to be expanded from characters immediately following it which could be interpreted as part of the name. .PP .PD 0 .TP ${\fIparameter\fP} The value of \fIparameter\fP is substituted. The braces are required when .I parameter is a positional parameter with more than one digit, or when .I parameter is followed by a character which is not to be interpreted as part of its name. .PD .PP In each of the cases below, \fIword\fP is subject to tilde expansion, parameter expansion, command substitution, and arithmetic expansion. \fBBash\fP tests for a parameter that is unset or null; omitting the colon results in a test only for a parameter that is unset. .PP .PD 0 .TP ${\fIparameter\fP\fB:\-\fP\fIword\fP} \fBUse Default Values\fP. If .I parameter is unset or null, the expansion of .I word is substituted. Otherwise, the value of .I parameter is substituted. .TP ${\fIparameter\fP\fB:=\fP\fIword\fP} \fBAssign Default Values\fP. If .I parameter is unset or null, the expansion of .I word is assigned to .IR parameter . The value of .I parameter is then substituted. Positional parameters and special parameters may not be assigned to in this way. .TP ${\fIparameter\fP\fB:?\fP\fIword\fP} \fBDisplay Error if Null or Unset\fP. If .I parameter is null or unset, the expansion of \fIword\fP (or a message to that effect if .I word is not present) is written to the standard error and the shell, if it is not interactive, exits. Otherwise, the value of \fIparameter\fP is substituted. .TP ${\fIparameter\fP\fB:+\fP\fIword\fP} \fBUse Alternate Value\fP. If .I parameter is null or unset, nothing is substituted, otherwise the expansion of .I word is substituted. .TP ${\fB#\fP\fIparameter\fP} The length in characters of the value of \fIparameter\fP is substituted. If \fIparameter\fP is .B * or .BR @ , the length substituted is the length of .B * expanded within double quotes. .TP .PD 0 ${\fIparameter\fP\fB#\fP\fIword\fP} .TP ${\fIparameter\fP\fB##\fP\fIword\fP} .PD The .I word is expanded to produce a pattern just as in pathname expansion. If the pattern matches the beginning of the value of .IR parameter , then the expansion is the value of .I parameter with the shortest matching pattern deleted (the ``\fB#\fP'' case) or the longest matching pattern deleted (the ``\fB##\fP'' case). .TP .PD 0 ${\fIparameter\fP\fB%\fP\fIword\fP} .TP ${\fIparameter\fP\fB%%\fP\fIword\fP} .PD The \fIword\fP is expanded to produce a pattern just as in pathname expansion. If the pattern matches a trailing portion of the value of .IR parameter , then the expansion is the value of .I parameter with the shortest matching pattern deleted (the ``\fB%\fP'' case) or the longest matching pattern deleted (the ``\fB%%\fP'' case). .SS Command Substitution .PP \fICommand substitution\fP allows the output of a command to replace the command name. There are two forms: .PP .RS .PP \fB$(\fP\fIcommand\fP\|\fB)\fP .RE or .RS \fB`\fP\fIcommand\fP\fB`\fP .RE .PP . B Bash performs the expansion by executing \fIcommand\fP and replacing the command substitution with the standard output of the command, with any trailing newlines deleted. .PP When the old\-style backquote form of substitution is used, backslash retains its literal meaning except when followed by .BR $ , .BR ` , or .BR \e . When using the $(\^\fIcommand\fP\|) form, all characters between the parentheses make up the command; none are treated specially. .PP Command substitutions may be nested. To nest when using the old form, escape the inner backquotes with backslashes. .PP If the substitution appears within double quotes, word splitting and pathname expansion are not performed on the results. .SS Arithmetic Expansion .PP Arithmetic expansion allows the evaluation of an arithmetic expression and the substitution of the result. There are two formats for arithmetic expansion: .RS .PP \fB$[\fP\fIexpression\fP\fB]\fP .PP \fB$((\fP\fIexpression\fP\fB))\fP .RE .PP The .I expression is treated as if it were within double quotes, but a double quote inside the braces or parentheses is not treated specially. All tokens in the expression undergo parameter expansion, command substitution, and quote removal. Arithmetic substitutions may be nested. .PP The evaluation is performed according to the rules listed below under .SM .BR "ARITHMETIC EVALUATION" . If .I expression is invalid, .B bash prints a message indicating failure and no substitution occurs. .SS Process Substitution .PP \fIProcess substitution\fP is supported on systems that support named pipes (\fIFIFOs\fP) or the \fB/dev/fd\fP method of naming open files. It takes the form of \fB<(\fP\fIlist\^\fP\fB)\fP or \fB>(\fP\fIlist\^\fP\fB)\fP. The process \fIlist\fP is run with its input or output connected to a \fIFIFO\fP or some file in \fB/dev/fd\fP. The name of this file is passed as an argument to the current command as the result of the expansion. If the \fB>(\fP\fIlist\^\fP\fB)\fP form is used, writing to the file will provide input for \fIlist\fP. If the \fB<(\fP\fIlist\^\fP\fB)\fP form is used, the file passed as an argument should be read to obtain the output of \fIlist\fP. .PP On systems that support it, \fIprocess substitution\fP is performed simultaneously with .IR "parameter and variable expansion" , .IR "command substitution" , and .IR "arithmetic expansion" . .SS Word Splitting .PP The shell scans the results of parameter expansion, command substitution, and arithmetic expansion that did not occur within double quotes for .IR "word splitting" . .PP The shell treats each character of .SM .B IFS as a delimiter, and splits the results of the other expansions into words on these characters. If the value of .SM .B IFS is exactly .BR , the default, then any sequence of .SM .B IFS characters serves to delimit words. If .SM .B IFS has a value other than the default, then sequences of the whitespace characters .B space and .B tab are ignored at the beginning and end of the word, as long as the whitespace character is in the value of .SM .BR IFS (an .SM .B IFS whitespace character). Any character in .SM .B IFS that is not .SM .B IFS whitespace, along with any adjacent .SM .B IFS whitespace characters, delimits a field. A sequence of .SM .B IFS whitespace characters is also treated as a delimiter. If the value of .SM .B IFS is null, no word splitting occurs. .SM .B IFS cannot be unset. .PP Explicit null arguments (\^\f3"\^"\fP or \^\f3'\^'\fP\^) are retained. Implicit null arguments, resulting from the expansion of .I parameters that have no values, are removed. .PP Note that if no expansion occurs, no splitting is performed. .SS Pathname Expansion .PP After word splitting, unless the .B \-f option has been set, .B bash scans each .I word for the characters .BR * , .BR ? , and .BR [ . If one of these characters appears, then the word is regarded as a .IR pattern , and replaced with an alphabetically sorted list of pathnames matching the pattern. If no matching pathnames are found, and the shell variable .B allow_null_glob_expansion is unset, the word is left unchanged. If the variable is set, and no matches are found, the word is removed. When a pattern is used for pathname generation, the character .B ``.'' at the start of a name or immediately following a slash must be matched explicitly, unless the shell variable .B glob_dot_filenames is set. The slash character must always be matched explicitly. In other cases, the .B ``.'' character is not treated specially. .PP The special pattern characters have the following meanings: .PP .PD 0 .TP .B * Matches any string, including the null string. .TP .B ? Matches any single character. .TP .B [...] Matches any one of the enclosed characters. A pair of characters separated by a minus sign denotes a .IR range ; any character lexically between those two characters, inclusive, is matched. If the first character following the .B [ is a .B ! or a .B ^ then any character not enclosed is matched. A .B \- or .B ] may be matched by including it as the first or last character in the set. .PD .SS Quote Removal .PP After the preceding expansions, all unquoted occurrences of the characters .BR \e , .BR ` , and \^\f3"\fP\^ are removed. .SH REDIRECTION Before a command is executed, its input and output may be .I redirected using a special notation interpreted by the shell. Redirection may also be used to open and close files for the current shell execution environment. The following redirection operators may precede or appear anywhere within a .I simple command or may follow a .IR command . Redirections are processed in the order they appear, from left to right. .PP In the following descriptions, if the file descriptor number is omitted, and the first character of the redirection operator is .BR < , the redirection refers to the standard input (file descriptor 0). If the first character of the redirection operator is .BR > , the redirection refers to the standard output (file descriptor 1). .PP The word that follows the redirection operator in the following descriptions is subjected to brace expansion, tilde expansion, parameter expansion, command substitution, arithmetic expansion, quote removal, and pathname expansion. If it expands to more than one word, .B bash reports an error. .PP Note that the order of redirections is significant. For example, the command .RS .PP ls \fB>\fP dirlist 2\fB>&\fP1 .RE .PP directs both standard output and standard error to the file .IR dirlist , while the command .RS .PP ls 2\fB>&\fP1 \fB>\fP dirlist .RE .PP directs only the standard output to file .IR dirlist , because the standard error was duplicated as standard output before the standard output was redirected to .IR dirlist . .SS Redirecting Input .PP Redirection of input causes the file whose name results from the expansion of .I word to be opened for reading on file descriptor .IR n , or the standard input (file descriptor 0) if .I n is not specified. .PP The general format for redirecting input is: .RS .PP [\fIn\fP]\fB<\fP\fIword\fP .RE .SS Redirecting Output .PP Redirection of output causes the file whose name results from the expansion of .I word to be opened for writing on file descriptor .IR n , or the standard output (file descriptor 1) if .I n is not specified. If the file does not exist it is created; if it does exist it is truncated to zero size. .PP The general format for redirecting output is: .RS .PP [\fIn\fP]\fB>\fP\fIword\fP .RE .PP If the redirection operator is .BR >| , then the value of the .B -C option to the .B set builtin command is not tested, and file creation is attempted. (See also the description of .B noclobber under .B "Shell Variables" above.) .SS Appending Redirected Output .PP Redirection of output in this fashion causes the file whose name results from the expansion of .I word to be opened for appending on file descriptor .IR n , or the standard output (file descriptor 1) if .I n is not specified. If the file does not exist it is created. .PP The general format for appending output is: .RS .PP [\fIn\fP]\fB>>\fP\fIword\fP .RE .PP .SS Redirecting Standard Output and Standard Error .PP .B Bash allows both the standard output (file descriptor 1) and the standard error output (file descriptor 2) to be redirected to the file whose name is the expansion of .I word with this construct. .PP There are two formats for redirecting standard output and standard error: .RS .PP \fB&>\fP\fIword\fP .RE and .RS \fB>&\fP\fIword\fP .RE .PP Of the two forms, the first is preferred. This is semantically equivalent to .RS .PP \fB>\fP\fIword\fP 2\fB>&\fP1 .RE .SS Here Documents .PP This type of redirection instructs the shell to read input from the current source until a line containing only .I word (with no trailing blanks) is seen. All of the lines read up to that point are then used as the standard input for a command. .PP The format of here-documents is as follows: .RS .PP .nf \fB<<\fP[\fB\-\fP]\fIword\fP \fIhere-document\fP \fIdelimiter\fP .fi .RE .PP No parameter expansion, command substitution, pathname expansion, or arithmetic expansion is performed on .IR word . If any characters in .I word are quoted, the .I delimiter is the result of quote removal on .IR word , and the lines in the here-document are not expanded. Otherwise, all lines of the here-document are subjected to parameter expansion, command substitution, and arithmetic expansion. In the latter case, the pair .B \e is ignored, and .B \e must be used to quote the characters .BR \e , .BR $ , and .BR ` . .PP If the redirection operator is .BR <<\- , then all leading tab characters are stripped from input lines and the line containing .IR delimiter . This allows here-documents within shell scripts to be indented in a natural fashion. .SS "Duplicating File Descriptors" .PP The redirection operator .RS .PP [\fIn\fP]\fB<&\fP\fIword\fP .RE .PP is used to duplicate input file descriptors. If .I word expands to one or more digits, the file descriptor denoted by .I n is made to be a copy of that file descriptor. If .I word evaluates to .BR \- , file descriptor .I n is closed. If .I n is not specified, the standard input (file descriptor 0) is used. .PP The operator .RS .PP [\fIn\fP]\fB>&\fP\fIword\fP .RE .PP is used similarly to duplicate output file descriptors. If .I n is not specified, the standard output (file descriptor 1) is used. As a special case, if \fIn\fP is omitted, and \fIword\fP does not expand to one or more digits, the standard output and standard error are redirected as described previously. .SS "Opening File Descriptors for Reading and Writing" .PP The redirection operator .RS .PP [\fIn\fP]\fB<>\fP\fIword\fP .RE .PP causes the file whose name is the expansion of .I word to be opened for both reading and writing on file descriptor .IR n , or as the standard input and standard output if .I n is not specified. If the file does not exist, it is created. .SH FUNCTIONS A shell function, defined as described above under .SM .BR "SHELL GRAMMAR" , stores a series of commands for later execution. Functions are executed in the context of the current shell; no new process is created to interpret them (contrast this with the execution of a shell script). When a function is executed, the arguments to the function become the positional parameters during its execution. The special parameter .B # is updated to reflect the change. Positional parameter 0 is unchanged. .PP Variables local to the function may be declared with the .B local builtin command. Ordinarily, variables and their values are shared between the function and its caller. .PP If the builtin command .B return is executed in a function, the function completes and execution resumes with the next command after the function call. When a function completes, the values of the positional parameters and the special parameter .B # are restored to the values they had prior to function execution. .PP Function names may be listed with the .B \-f option to the .B declare or .B typeset builtin commands. Functions may be exported so that subshells automatically have them defined with the .B \-f option to the .B export builtin. .PP Functions may be recursive. No limit is imposed on the number of recursive calls. .SH ALIASES The shell maintains a list of .I aliases that may be set and unset with the .B alias and .B unalias builtin commands (see .SM .B SHELL BUILTIN COMMANDS below). The first word of each command, if unquoted, is checked to see if it has an alias. If so, that word is replaced by the text of the alias. The alias name and the replacement text may contain any valid shell input, including the .I metacharacters listed above, with the exception that the alias name may not contain \fI=\fP. The first word of the replacement text is tested for aliases, but a word that is identical to an alias being expanded is not expanded a second time. This means that one may alias .B ls to .BR "ls \-F" , for instance, and .B bash does not try to recursively expand the replacement text. If the last character of the alias value is a .IR blank , then the next command word following the alias is also checked for alias expansion. .PP Aliases are created and listed with the .B alias command, and removed with the .B unalias command. .PP There is no mechanism for using arguments in the replacement text, as in .BR csh . If arguments are needed, a shell function should be used. .PP Aliases are not expanded when the shell is not interactive. .PP The rules concerning the definition and use of aliases are somewhat confusing. .B Bash always reads at least one complete line of input before executing any of the commands on that line. Aliases are expanded when a command is read, not when it is executed. Therefore, an alias definition appearing on the same line as another command does not take effect until the next line of input is read. This means that the commands following the alias definition on that line are not affected by the new alias. This behavior is also an issue when functions are executed. Aliases are expanded when the function definition is read, not when the function is executed, because a function definition is itself a compound command. As a consequence, aliases defined in a function are not available until after that function is executed. To be safe, always put alias definitions on a separate line, and do not use .B alias in compound commands. .PP Note that for almost every purpose, aliases are superseded by shell functions. .SH "JOB CONTROL" .I Job control refers to the ability to selectively stop (\fIsuspend\fP) the execution of processes and continue (\fIresume\fP) their execution at a later point. A user typically employs this facility via an interactive interface supplied jointly by the system's terminal driver and .BR bash . .PP The shell associates a .I job with each pipeline. It keeps a table of currently executing jobs, which may be listed with the .B jobs command. When .B bash starts a job asynchronously (in the .IR background ), it prints a line that looks like: .RS .PP [1] 25647 .RE .PP indicating that this job is job number 1 and that the process ID of the last process in the pipeline associated with this job is 25647. All of the processes in a single pipeline are members of the same job. .B Bash uses the .I job abstraction as the basis for job control. .PP To facilitate the implementation of the user interface to job control, the system maintains the notion of a \fIcurrent terminal process group ID\fP. Members of this process group (processes whose process group ID is equal to the current terminal process group ID) receive keyboard-generated signals such as .SM .BR SIGINT . These processes are said to be in the .IR foreground . .I Background processes are those whose process group ID differs from the terminal's; such processes are immune to keyboard-generated signals. Only foreground processes are allowed to read from or write to the terminal. Background processes which attempt to read from (write to) the terminal are sent a .SM .B SIGTTIN (SIGTTOU) signal by the terminal driver, which, unless caught, suspends the process. .PP If the operating system on which .B bash is running supports job control, .B bash allows you to use it. Typing the .I suspend character (typically .BR ^Z , Control-Z) while a process is running causes that process to be stopped and returns you to .BR bash . Typing the .I "delayed suspend" character (typically .BR ^Y , Control-Y) causes the process to be stopped when it attempts to read input from the terminal, and control to be returned to .BR bash . You may then manipulate the state of this job, using the .B bg command to continue it in the background, the .B fg command to continue it in the foreground, or the .B kill command to kill it. A \fB^Z\fP takes effect immediately, and has the additional side effect of causing pending output and typeahead to be discarded. .PP There are a number of ways to refer to a job in the shell. The character .B % introduces a job name. Job number .I n may be referred to as .BR %n . A job may also be referred to using a prefix of the name used to start it, or using a substring that appears in its command line. For example, .B %ce refers to a stopped .B ce job. If a prefix matches more than one job, .B bash reports an error. Using .BR %?ce , on the other hand, refers to any job containing the string .B ce in its command line. If the substring matches more than one job, .B bash reports an error. The symbols .B %% and .B %+ refer to the shell's notion of the .IR "current job" , which is the last job stopped while it was in the foreground. The .I "previous job" may be referenced using .BR %\- . In output pertaining to jobs (e.g., the output of the .B jobs command), the current job is always flagged with a .BR + , and the previous job with a .BR \- . .PP Simply naming a job can be used to bring it into the foreground: .B %1 is a synonym for \fB``fg %1''\fP, bringing job 1 from the background into the foreground. Similarly, .B ``%1 &'' resumes job 1 in the background, equivalent to \fB``bg %1''\fP. .PP The shell learns immediately whenever a job changes state. Normally, .B bash waits until it is about to print a prompt before reporting changes in a job's status so as to not interrupt any other output. If the .B -b option to the .B set builtin command is set, .B bash reports such changes immediately. (See also the description of .B notify variable under .B "Shell Variables" above.) .PP If you attempt to exit .B bash while jobs are stopped, the shell prints a message warning you. You may then use the .B jobs command to inspect their status. If you do this, or try to exit again immediately, you are not warned again, and the stopped jobs are terminated. .SH SIGNALS When \fBbash\fP is interactive, it ignores .SM .B SIGTERM (so that \fBkill 0\fP does not kill an interactive shell), and .SM .B SIGINT is caught and handled (so that the \fBwait\fP builtin is interruptible). In all cases, \fBbash\fP ignores .SM .BR SIGQUIT . If job control is in effect, .B bash ignores .SM .BR SIGTTIN , .SM .BR SIGTTOU , and .SM .BR SIGTSTP . .PP Synchronous jobs started by \fBbash\fP have signals set to the values inherited by the shell from its parent. When job control is not in effect, background jobs (jobs started with .BR & ) ignore .SM .B SIGINT and .SM .BR SIGQUIT . Commands run as a result of command substitution ignore the keyboard-generated job control signals .SM .BR SIGTTIN , .SM .BR SIGTTOU , and .SM .BR SIGTSTP . .SH "COMMAND EXECUTION" After a command has been split into words, if it results in a simple command and an optional list of arguments, the following actions are taken. .PP If the command name contains no slashes, the shell attempts to locate it. If there exists a shell function by that name, that function is invoked as described above in .SM .BR FUNCTIONS . If the name does not match a function, the shell searches for it in the list of shell builtins. If a match is found, that builtin is invoked. .PP If the name is neither a shell function nor a builtin, and contains no slashes, .B bash searches each element of the .SM .B PATH for a directory containing an executable file by that name. If the search is unsuccessful, the shell prints an error message and returns a nonzero exit status. .PP If the search is successful, or if the command name contains one or more slashes, the shell executes the named program. Argument 0 is set to the name given, and the remaining arguments to the command are set to the arguments given, if any. .PP If this execution fails because the file is not in executable format, and the file is not a directory, it is assumed to be a \fIshell script\fP, a file containing shell commands. A subshell is spawned to execute it. This subshell reinitializes itself, so that the effect is as if a new shell had been invoked to handle the script, with the exception that the locations of commands remembered by the parent (see .B hash below under .SM \fBSHELL BUILTIN COMMANDS\fP) are retained by the child. .PP If the program is a file beginning with .BR #! , the remainder of the first line specifies an interpreter for the program. The shell executes the specified interpreter on operating systems that do not handle this executable format themselves. The arguments to the interpreter consist of a single optional argument following the interpreter name on the first line of the program, followed by the name of the program, followed by the command arguments, if any. .SH ENVIRONMENT When a program is invoked it is given an array of strings called the .IR environment . This is a list of \fIname\fP\-\fIvalue\fP pairs, of the form .IR "name\fR=\fPvalue" . .PP The shell allows you to manipulate the environment in several ways. On invocation, the shell scans its own environment and creates a parameter for each name found, automatically marking it for .I export to child processes. Executed commands inherit the environment. The .B export and .B declare \-x commands allow parameters and functions to be added to and deleted from the environment. If the value of a parameter in the environment is modified, the new value becomes part of the environment, replacing the old. The environment inherited by any executed command consists of the shell's initial environment, whose values may be modified in the shell, less any pairs removed by the .B unset command, plus any additions via the .B export and .B declare \-x commands. .PP The environment for any .I simple command or function may be augmented temporarily by prefixing it with parameter assignments, as described above in .SM .BR PARAMETERS . These assignment statements affect only the environment seen by that command. .PP If the .B \-k flag is set (see the .B set builtin command below), then .I all parameter assignments are placed in the environment for a command, not just those that precede the command name. .PP When .B bash invokes an external command, the variable .B _ is set to the full path name of the command and passed to that command in its environment. .SH "EXIT STATUS" For the purposes of the shell, a command which exits with a zero exit status has succeeded. An exit status of zero indicates success. A non\-zero exit status indicates failure. When a command terminates on a fatal signal, \fBbash\fP uses the value of 128+\fBsignal\fP as the exit status. .PP If a command is not found, the child process created to execute it returns a status of 127. If a command is found but is not executable, the return status is 126. .PP \fBBash\fP itself returns the exit status of the last command executed, unless a syntax error occurs, in which case it exits with a non\-zero value. See also the \fBexit\fP builtin command below. .SH PROMPTING When executing interactively, .B bash displays the primary prompt .SM .B PS1 when it is ready to read a command, and the secondary prompt .SM .B PS2 when it needs more input to complete a command. .B Bash allows these prompt strings to be customized by inserting a number of backslash-escaped special characters that are decoded as follows: .RS .PD 0 .TP .B \et the current time in HH:MM:SS format .TP .B \ed the date in "Weekday Month Date" format (e.g., "Tue May 26") .TP .B \en newline .TP .B \es the name of the shell, the basename of .B $0 (the portion following the final slash) .TP .B \ew the current working directory .TP .B \eW the basename of the current working directory .TP .B \eu the username of the current user .TP .B \eh the hostname .TP .B \e# the command number of this command .TP .B \e! the history number of this command .TP .B \e$ if the effective UID is 0, a .BR # , otherwise a .B $ .TP .B \ennn the character corresponding to the octal number \fBnnn\fP .TP .B \e\e a backslash .TP .B \e[ begin a sequence of non-printing characters, which could be used to embed a terminal control sequence into the prompt .TP .B \e] end a sequence of non-printing characters .PD .RE .PP The command number and the history number are usually different: the history number of a command is its position in the history list, which may include commands restored from the history file (see .SM .B HISTORY below), while the command number is the position in the sequence of commands executed during the current shell session. After the string is decoded, it is expanded via parameter expansion, command substitution, arithmetic expansion, and word splitting. .SH READLINE This is the library that handles reading input when using an interactive shell, unless the .B \-nolineediting option is given. By default, the line editing commands are similar to those of emacs. A vi-style line editing interface is also available. .PP In this section, the emacs-style notation is used to denote keystrokes. Control keys are denoted by C\-\fIkey\fR, e.g., C\-n means Control\-N. Similarly, .I meta keys are denoted by M\-\fIkey\fR, so M\-x means Meta\-X. (On keyboards without a .I meta key, M\-\fIx\fP means ESC \fIx\fP, i.e., press the Escape key then the .I x key. This makes ESC the \fImeta prefix\fP. The combination M\-C\-\fIx\fP means ESC\-Control\-\fIx\fP, or press the Escape key then hold the Control key while pressing the .I x key.) .PP The default key-bindings may be changed with an .FN ~/.inputrc file. The value of the shell variable .SM .BR INPUTRC , if set, is used instead of .IR ~/.inputrc . Other programs that use this library may add their own commands and bindings. .PP For example, placing .RS .PP M\-Control\-u: universal\-argument .RE or .RS C\-Meta\-u: universal\-argument .RE into the .FN ~/.inputrc would make M\-C\-u execute the readline command .IR universal\-argument . .PP The following symbolic character names are recognized: .IR RUBOUT , .IR DEL , .IR ESC , .IR LFD , .IR NEWLINE , .IR RET , .IR RETURN , .IR SPC , .IR SPACE , and .IR TAB . In addition to command names, readline allows keys to be bound to a string that is inserted when the key is pressed (a \fImacro\fP). .PP Readline is customized by putting commands in an initialization file. The name of this file is taken from the value of the .SM .B INPUTRC variable. If that variable is unset, the default is .IR ~/.inputrc . When a program which uses the readline library starts up, the init file is read, and the key bindings and variables are set. There are only a few basic constructs allowed in the readline init file. Blank lines are ignored. Lines beginning with a \fB#\fP are comments. Lines beginning with a \fB$\fP indicate conditional constructs. Other lines denote key bindings and variable settings. .PP The syntax for controlling key bindings in the .I ~/.inputrc file is simple. All that is required is the name of the command or the text of a macro and a key sequence to which it should be bound. The name may be specified in one of two ways: as a symbolic key name, possibly with \fIMeta-\fP or \fIControl-\fP prefixes, or as a key sequence. When using the form \fBkeyname\fP:\fIfunction-name\fP or \fImacro\fP, .I keyname is the name of a key spelled out in English. For example: .sp .RS Control-u: universal\-argument .br Meta-Rubout: backward-kill-word .br Control-o: ">&output" .RE .LP In the above example, .I C-u is bound to the function .BR universal\-argument , .I M-DEL is bound to the function .BR backward\-kill\-word , and .I C-o is bound to run the macro expressed on the right hand side (that is, to insert the text .I >&output into the line). .PP In the second form, \fB"keyseq"\fP:\fIfunction-name\fP or \fImacro\fP, .B keyseq differs from .B keyname above in that strings denoting an entire key sequence may be specified by placing the sequence within double quotes. Some GNU Emacs style key escapes can be used, as in the following example. .sp .RS "\eC-u": universal\-argument .br "\eC-x\eC-r": re\-read\-init\-file .br "\ee[11~": "Function Key 1" .RE .PP In this example, .I C-u is again bound to the function .BR universal\-argument . .I "C-x C-r" is bound to the function .BR re\-read\-init\-file , and .I "ESC [ 1 1 ~" is bound to insert the text .BR "Function Key 1" . The full set of escape sequences is .RS .TP .B \eC\- control prefix .TP .B \eM- meta prefix .TP .B \ee an escape character .TP .B \e\e backslash .TP .B \e" literal " .TP .B \e' literal ' .RE .PP When entering the text of a macro, single or double quotes should be used to indicate a macro definition. Unquoted text is assumed to be a function name. Backslash will quote any character in the macro text, including " and '. .PP .B Bash allows the current readline key bindings to be displayed or modified with the .B bind builtin command. The editing mode may be switched during interactive use by using the .B \-o option to the .B set builtin command (see .SM .B SHELL BUILTIN COMMANDS below). .PP Readline has variables that can be used to further customize its behavior. A variable may be set in the .I inputrc file with a statement of the form .RS .PP \fBset\fP \fIvariable\-name\fP \fIvalue\fP .RE .PP Except where noted, readline variables can take the values .B On or .BR Off . The variables and their default values are: .PP .PD 0 .TP .B horizontal\-scroll\-mode (Off) When set to \fBOn\fP, makes readline use a single line for display, scrolling the input horizontally on a single screen line when it becomes longer than the screen width rather than wrapping to a new line. .TP .B editing\-mode (emacs) Controls whether readline begins with a set of key bindings similar to \fIemacs\fP or \fIvi\fP. .B editing\-mode can be set to either .B emacs or .BR vi . .TP .B mark\-modified\-lines (Off) If set to \fBOn\fP, history lines that have been modified are displayed with a preceding asterisk (\fB*\fP). .TP .B bell\-style (audible) Controls what happens when readline wants to ring the terminal bell. If set to \fBnone\fP, readline never rings the bell. If set to \fBvisible\fP, readline uses a visible bell if one is available. If set to \fBaudible\fP, readline attempts to ring the terminal's bell. .TP .B comment\-begin (``#'') The string that is inserted in \fBvi\fP mode when the .B vi\-comment command is executed. .TP .B meta\-flag (Off) If set to \fBOn\fP, readline will enable eight-bit input (that is, it will not strip the high bit from the characters it reads), regardless of what the terminal claims it can support. .TP .B convert\-meta (On) If set to \fBOn\fP, readline will convert characters with the eighth bit set to an ASCII key sequence by stripping the eighth bit and prepending an escape character (in effect, using escape as the \fImeta prefix\fP). .TP .B output\-meta (Off) If set to \fBOn\fP, readline will display characters with the eighth bit set directly rather than as a meta-prefixed escape sequence. .TP .B completion\-query\-items (100) This determines when the user is queried about viewing the number of possible completions generated by the \fBpossible\-completions\fP command. It may be set to any integer value greater than or equal to zero. If the number of possible completions is greater than or equal to the value of this variable, the user is asked whether or not he wishes to view them; otherwise they are simply listed on the terminal. .TP .B keymap (emacs) Set the current readline keymap. The set of legal keymap names is \fIemacs, emacs-standard, emacs-meta, emacs-ctlx, vi, vi-move, vi-command\fP, and .IR vi-insert . \fIvi\fP is equivalent to \fIvi-command\fP; \fIemacs\fP is equivalent to \fIemacs-standard\fP. The default value is .IR emacs ; the value of .B editing\-mode also affects the default keymap. .TP .B show\-all\-if\-ambiguous (Off) This alters the default behavior of the completion functions. If set to .BR on , words which have more than one possible completion cause the matches to be listed immediately instead of ringing the bell. .TP .B expand\-tilde (Off) If set to \fBon\fP, tilde expansion is performed when readline attempts word completion. .PD .PP Readline implements a facility similar in spirit to the conditional compilation features of the C preprocessor which allows key bindings and variable settings to be performed as the result of tests. There are three parser directives used. .IP \fB$if\fP The .B $if construct allows bindings to be made based on the editing mode, the terminal being used, or the application using readline. The text of the test extends to the end of the line; no characters are required to isolate it. .RS .IP \fBmode\fP The \fBmode=\fP form of the \fB$if\fP directive is used to test whether readline is in emacs or vi mode. This may be used in conjunction with the \fBset keymap\fP command, for instance, to set bindings in the \fIemacs-standard\fP and \fIemacs-ctlx\fP keymaps only if readline is starting out in emacs mode. .IP \fBterm\fP The \fBterm=\fP form may be used to include terminal-specific key bindings, perhaps to bind the key sequences output by the terminal's function keys. The word on the right side of the .B = is tested against the full name of the terminal and the portion of the terminal name before the first \fB\-\fP. This allows .I sun to match both .I sun and .IR sun\-cmd , for instance. .IP \fBapplication\fP The \fBapplication\fP construct is used to include application\-specific settings. Each program using the readline library sets the \fIapplication name\fP, and an initialization file can test for a particular value. This could be used to bind key sequences to functions useful for a specific program. For instance, the following command adds a key sequence that quotes the current or previous word in Bash: .RS .nf \fB$if\fP Bash # Quote the current or previous word "\eC-xq": "\eeb\e"\eef\e"" \fB$endif\fP .fi .RE .RE .IP \fB$endif\fP This command, as you saw in the previous example, terminates an \fB$if\fP command. .IP \fB$else\fP Commands in this branch of the \fB$if\fP directive are executed if the test fails. .PP Readline commands may be given numeric .IR arguments , which normally act as a repeat count. Sometimes, however, it is the sign of the argument that is significant. Passing a negative argument to a command that acts in the forward direction (e.g., \fBkill\-line\fP) causes that command to act in a backward direction. Commands whose behavior with arguments deviates from this are noted. .PP When a command is described as \fIkilling\fP text, the text deleted is saved for possible future retrieval (\fIyanking\fP). The killed text is saved in a \fIkill\-ring\fP. Consecutive kills cause the text to be accumulated into one unit, which can be yanked all at once. Commands which do not kill text separate the chunks of text on the kill\-ring. .PP The following is a list of the names of the commands and the default key sequences to which they are bound. .SS Commands for Moving .PP .PD 0 .TP .B beginning\-of\-line (C\-a) Move to the start of the current line. .TP .B end\-of\-line (C\-e) Move to the end of the line. .TP .B forward\-char (C\-f) Move forward a character. .TP .B backward\-char (C\-b) Move back a character. .TP .B forward\-word (M\-f) Move forward to the end of the next word. Words are composed of alphanumeric characters (letters and digits). .TP .B backward\-word (M\-b) Move back to the start of this, or the previous, word. Words are composed of alphanumeric characters (letters and digits). .TP .B clear\-screen (C\-l) Clear the screen leaving the current line at the top of the screen. With an argument, refresh the current line without clearing the screen. .TP .B redraw\-current\-line Refresh the current line. By default, this is unbound. .PD .SS Commands for Manipulating the History .PP .PD 0 .TP .B accept\-line (Newline, Return) Accept the line regardless of where the cursor is. If this line is non\-empty, add it to the history list according to the state of the .SM .B HISTCONTROL variable. If the line is a modified history line, then restore the history line to its original state. .TP .B previous\-history (C\-p) Fetch the previous command from the history list, moving back in the list. .TP .B next\-history (C\-n) Fetch the next command from the history list, moving forward in the list. .TP .B beginning\-of\-history (M\-<) Move to the first line in the history. .TP .B end\-of\-history (M\->) Move to the end of the input history, i.e., the line currently being entered. .TP .B reverse\-search\-history (C\-r) Search backward starting at the current line and moving `up' through the history as necessary. This is an incremental search. .TP .B forward\-search\-history (C\-s) Search forward starting at the current line and moving `down' through the history as necessary. This is an incremental search. .TP .B non\-incremental\-reverse\-search\-history (M\-p) Search backward through the history starting at the current line using a non\-incremental search for a string supplied by the user. .TP .B non\-incremental\-forward\-search\-history (M\-n) Search forward through the history using a non\-incremental search for a string supplied by the user. .TP .B history\-search\-forward Search forward through the history for the string of characters between the start of the current line and the current point. This is a non-incremental search. By default, this command is unbound. .TP .B history\-search\-backward Search backward through the history for the string of characters between the start of the current line and the current point. This is a non-incremental search. By default, this command is unbound. .TP .B yank\-nth\-arg (M\-C\-y) Insert the first argument to the previous command (usually the second word on the previous line) at point (the current cursor position). With an argument .IR n , insert the \fIn\fPth word from the previous command (the words in the previous command begin with word 0). A negative argument inserts the \fIn\fPth word from the end of the previous command. .TP .B yank\-last\-arg (M\-.\^, M\-_\^) Insert the last argument to the previous command (the last word on the previous line). With an argument, behave exactly like @code{yank-nth-arg}. .TP .B shell\-expand\-line (M\-C\-e) Expand the line the way the shell does when it reads it. This performs alias and history expansion as well as all of the shell word expansions. See .SM .B HISTORY EXPANSION below for a description of history expansion. .TP .B history\-expand\-line (M\-^) Perform history expansion on the current line. See .SM .B HISTORY EXPANSION below for a description of history expansion. .TP .B insert\-last\-argument (M\-.\^, M\-_\^) A synonym for \fByank\-last\-arg\fP. .TP .B operate-and-get-next (C\-o) Accept the current line for execution and fetch the next line relative to the current line from the history for editing. Any argument is ignored. .PD .SS Commands for Changing Text .PP .PD 0 .TP .B delete\-char (C\-d) Delete the character under the cursor. If point is at the beginning of the line, there are no characters in the line, and the last character typed was not .BR C\-d , then return .SM .BR EOF . .TP .B backward\-delete\-char (Rubout) Delete the character behind the cursor. When given a numeric argument, save the deleted text on the kill\-ring. .TP .B quoted\-insert (C\-q, C\-v) Add the next character that you type to the line verbatim. This is how to insert characters like \fBC\-q\fP, for example. .TP .B tab\-insert (C-v TAB) Insert a tab character. .TP .B self\-insert (a,\ b,\ A,\ 1,\ !,\ ...) Insert the character typed. .TP .B transpose\-chars (C\-t) Drag the character before point forward over the character at point. Point moves forward as well. If point is at the end of the line, then transpose the two characters before point. Negative arguments don't work. .TP .B transpose\-words (M\-t) Drag the word behind the cursor past the word in front of the cursor moving the cursor over that word as well. .TP .B upcase\-word (M\-u) Uppercase the current (or following) word. With a negative argument, do the previous word, but do not move point. .TP .B downcase\-word (M\-l) Lowercase the current (or following) word. With a negative argument, do the previous word, but do not move point. .TP .B capitalize\-word (M\-c) Capitalize the current (or following) word. With a negative argument, do the previous word, but do not move point. .PD .SS Killing and Yanking .PP .PD 0 .TP .B kill\-line (C\-k) Kill the text from the current cursor position to the end of the line. .TP .B backward\-kill\-line (C\-x C\-Rubout) Kill backward to the beginning of the line. .TP .B unix\-line\-discard (C\-u) Kill backward from point to the beginning of the line. .\" There is no real difference between this and backward-kill-line .TP .B kill\-whole\-line Kill all characters on the current line, no matter where the cursor is. By default, this is unbound. .TP .B kill\-word (M\-d) Kill from the cursor to the end of the current word, or if between words, to the end of the next word. Word boundaries are the same as those used by \fBforward\-word\fP. .TP .B backward\-kill\-word (M\-Rubout) Kill the word behind the cursor. Word boundaries are the same as those used by \fBbackward\-word\fP. .TP .B unix\-word\-rubout (C\-w) Kill the word behind the cursor, using white space as a word boundary. The word boundaries are different from backward\-kill\-word. .TP .B delete\-horizontal\-space Delete all spaces and tabs around point. By default, this is unbound. .TP .B yank (C\-y) Yank the top of the kill ring into the buffer at the cursor. .TP .B yank\-pop (M\-y) Rotate the kill\-ring, and yank the new top. Only works following .B yank or .BR yank\-pop . .PD .SS Numeric Arguments .PP .PD 0 .TP .B digit\-argument (M\-0, M\-1, ..., M\-\-) Add this digit to the argument already accumulating, or start a new argument. M\-\- starts a negative argument. .TP .B universal\-argument Each time this is executed, the argument count is multiplied by four. The argument count is initially one, so executing this function the first time makes the argument count four. By default, this is not bound to a key. .PD .SS Completing .PP .PD 0 .TP .B complete (TAB) Attempt to perform completion on the text before point. .B Bash attempts completion treating the text as a variable (if the text begins with \fB$\fP), username (if the text begins with \fB~\fP), hostname (if the text begins with \fB@\fP), or command (including aliases and functions) in turn. If none of these produces a match, filename completion is attempted. .TP .B possible\-completions (M-?) List the possible completions of the text before point. .TP .B insert\-completions Insert all completions of the text before point that would have been generated by \fBpossible\-completions\fP. By default, this is not bound to a key. .TP .B complete\-filename (M\-/) Attempt filename completion on the text before point. .TP .B possible\-filename\-completions (C\-x /) List the possible completions of the text before point, treating it as a filename. .TP .B complete\-username (M\-~) Attempt completion on the text before point, treating it as a username. .TP .B possible\-username\-completions (C\-x ~) List the possible completions of the text before point, treating it as a username. .TP .B complete\-variable (M\-$) Attempt completion on the text before point, treating it as a shell variable. .TP .B possible\-variable\-completions (C\-x $) List the possible completions of the text before point, treating it as a shell variable. .TP .B complete\-hostname (M\-@) Attempt completion on the text before point, treating it as a hostname. .TP .B possible\-hostname\-completions (C\-x @) List the possible completions of the text before point, treating it as a hostname. .TP .B complete\-command (M\-!) Attempt completion on the text before point, treating it as a command name. Command completion attempts to match the text against aliases, reserved words, shell functions, builtins, and finally executable filenames, in that order. .TP .B possible\-command\-completions (C\-x !) List the possible completions of the text before point, treating it as a command name. .TP .B dynamic\-complete\-history (M-TAB) Attempt completion on the text before point, comparing the text against lines from the history list for possible completion matches. .TP .B complete\-into\-braces (M\-{) Perform filename completion and return the list of possible completions enclosed within braces so the list is available to the shell (see .B Brace Expansion above). .PD .SS Keyboard Macros .PP .PD 0 .TP .B start\-kbd\-macro (C-x (\^) Begin saving the characters typed into the current keyboard macro. .TP .B end\-kbd\-macro (C-x )\^) Stop saving the characters typed into the current keyboard macro and save the definition. .TP .B call\-last\-kbd\-macro (C-x e) Re-execute the last keyboard macro defined, by making the characters in the macro appear as if typed at the keyboard. .PD .SS Miscellaneous .PP .PD 0 .TP .B re\-read\-init\-file (C\-x C\-r) Read in the contents of your init file, and incorporate any bindings or variable assignments found there. .TP .B abort (C\-g) Abort the current editing command and ring the terminal's bell (subject to the setting of .BR bell\-style ). .TP .B do\-uppercase\-version (M\-a, M\-b, ...) Run the command that is bound to the corresponding uppercase character. .TP .B prefix\-meta (ESC) Metafy the next character typed. .SM .B ESC .B f is equivalent to .BR Meta\-f . .TP .B undo (C\-_, C\-x C\-u) Incremental undo, separately remembered for each line. .TP .B revert\-line (M\-r) Undo all changes made to this line. This is like typing the .B undo command enough times to return the line to its initial state. .TP .B tilde\-expand (M\-~) Perform tilde expansion on the current word. .TP .B dump\-functions Print all of the functions and their key bindings to the readline output stream. If a numeric argument is supplied, the output is formatted in such a way that it can be made part of an \fIinputrc\fP file. .TP .B display\-shell\-version (C\-x C\-v) Display version information about the current instance of .BR bash . .TP .B emacs\-editing\-mode (C\-e) When in .B vi editing mode, this causes a switch to .B emacs editing mode. .PD .SH HISTORY When interactive, the shell provides access to the \fIcommand history\fP, the list of commands previously typed. The text of the last .SM .B HISTSIZE commands (default 500) is saved in a history list. The shell stores each command in the history list prior to parameter and variable expansion (see .SM .B EXPANSION above) but after history expansion is performed, subject to the values of the shell variables .B command_oriented_history and .SM .BR HISTCONTROL . On startup, the history is initialized from the file named by the variable .SM .B HISTFILE (default \fI~/.bash_history\fP). .SM .B HISTFILE is truncated, if necessary, to contain no more than .SM .B HISTFILESIZE lines. The builtin command .B fc (see .SM .B SHELL BUILTIN COMMANDS below) may be used to list or edit and re-execute a portion of the history list. The .B history builtin can be used to display the history list and manipulate the history file. When using the command-line editing, search commands are available in each editing mode that provide access to the history list. When an interactive shell exits, the last .SM .B HISTSIZE lines are copied from the history list to .SM .BR HISTFILE . If .SM .B HISTFILE is unset, or if the history file is unwritable, the history is not saved. .SH "HISTORY EXPANSION" .PP The shell supports a history expansion feature that is similar to the history expansion in .BR csh. This section describes what syntax features are available. This feature is enabled by default for interactive shells, and can be disabled using the .B \+H option to the .B set builtin command (see .SM .B SHELL BUILTIN COMMANDS below). Non-interactive shells do not perform history expansion. .PP History expansion is performed immediately after a complete line is read, before the shell breaks it into words. It takes place in two parts. The first is to determine which line from the previous history to use during substitution. The second is to select portions of that line for inclusion into the current one. The line selected from the previous history is the \fIevent\fP, and the portions of that line that are acted upon are \fIwords\fP. The line is broken into words in the same fashion as when reading input, so that several \fImetacharacter\fP\-separated words surrounded by quotes are considered as one word. Only backslash (\^\fB\e\fP\^) and single quotes can quote the history escape character, which is \^\fB!\fP\^ by default. .PP The shell allows control of the various characters used by the history expansion mechanism (see the description of .B histchars above under .BR "Shell Variables" ). .SS Event Designators .PP An event designator is a reference to a command line entry in the history list. .PP .PD 0 .TP .B ! Start a history substitution, except when followed by a .BR blank , newline, = or (. .TP .B !! Refer to the previous command. This is a synonym for `!\-1'. .TP .B !\fIn\fR Refer to command line .IR n . .TP .B !\-\fIn\fR Refer to the current command line minus .IR n . .TP .B !\fIstring\fR Refer to the most recent command starting with .IR string . .TP .B !?\fIstring\fR\fB[?]\fR Refer to the most recent command containing .IR string . .TP .B \d\s+2^\s-2\u\fIstring1\fP\d\s+2^\s-2\u\fIstring2\fP\d\s+2^\s-2\u Quick substitution. Repeat the last command, replacing .I string1 with .IR string2 . Equivalent to ``!!:s/\fIstring1\fP/\fIstring2\fP/'' (see \fBModifiers\fP below). .TP .B !# The entire command line typed so far. .PD .SS Word Designators .PP A .B : separates the event specification from the word designator. It can be omitted if the word designator begins with a .BR ^ , .BR $ , .BR * , or .BR % . Words are numbered from the beginning of the line, with the first word being denoted by a 0 (zero). .PP .PD 0 .TP .B 0 (zero) The zeroth word. For the shell, this is the command word. .TP .I n The \fIn\fRth word. .TP .B ^ The first argument. That is, word 1. .TP .B $ The last argument. .TP .B % The word matched by the most recent `?\fIstring\fR?' search. .TP .I x\fB\-\fPy A range of words; `\-\fIy\fR' abbreviates `0\-\fIy\fR'. .TP .B * All of the words but the zeroth. This is a synonym for `\fI1\-$\fP'. It is not an error to use .B * if there is just one word in the event; the empty string is returned in that case. .TP .B x* Abbreviates \fIx\-$\fP. .TP .B x\- Abbreviates \fIx\-$\fP like \fBx*\fP, but omits the last word. .PD .SS Modifiers .PP After the optional word designator, you can add a sequence of one or more of the following modifiers, each preceded by a `:'. .PP .PD 0 .PP .TP .B h Remove a trailing pathname component, leaving only the head. .TP .B r Remove a trailing suffix of the form \fI.xxx\fP, leaving the basename. .TP .B e Remove all but the trailing suffix. .TP .B t Remove all leading pathname components, leaving the tail. .TP .B p Print the new command but do not execute it. .TP .B q Quote the substituted words, escaping further substitutions. .TP .B x Quote the substituted words as with .BR q , but break into words at .B blanks and newlines. .TP .B s/\fIold\fP/\fInew\fP/ Substitute .I new for the first occurrence of .I old in the event line. Any delimiter can be used in place of /. The final delimiter is optional if it is the last character of the event line. The delimiter may be quoted in .I old and .I new with a single backslash. If & appears in .IR new , it is replaced by .IR old . A single backslash will quote the &. .TP .B & Repeat the previous substitution. .TP .B g Cause changes to be applied over the entire event line. This is used in conjunction with `\fB:s\fP' (e.g., `\fB:gs/\fIold\fP/\fInew\fP/\fR') or `\fB:&\fP'. If used with `\fB:s\fP', any delimiter can be used in place of /, and the final delimiter is optional if it is the last character of the event line. .PD .SH "ARITHMETIC EVALUATION" The shell allows arithmetic expressions to be evaluated, under certain circumstances (see the \fBlet\fP builtin command and \fBArithmetic Expansion\fP). Evaluation is done in long integers with no check for overflow, though division by 0 is trapped and flagged as an error. The following list of operators is grouped into levels of equal-precedence operators. The levels are listed in order of decreasing precedence. .PP .PD 0 .TP .B \- + unary minus and plus .TP .B ! ~ logical and bitwise negation .TP .B * / % multiplication, division, remainder .TP .B + \- addition, subtraction .TP .B << >> left and right bitwise shifts .TP .B <= >= < > comparison .TP .B == != equality and inequality .TP .B & bitwise AND .TP .B ^ bitwise exclusive OR .TP .B | bitwise OR .TP .B && logical AND .TP .B || logical OR .TP .B = *= /= %= += \-= <<= >>= &= ^= |= assignment .PD .PP Shell variables are allowed as operands; parameter expansion is performed before the expression is evaluated. The value of a parameter is coerced to a long integer within an expression. A shell variable need not have its integer attribute turned on to be used in an expression. .PP Constants with a leading 0 are interpreted as octal numbers. A leading \fI0x\fP or \fI0X\fP denotes hexadecimal. Otherwise, numbers take the form [\fIbase#\fP]n, where \fIbase\fP is a decimal number between 2 and 36 representing the arithmetic base, and \fIn\fP is a number in that base. If \fIbase\fP is omitted, then base 10 is used. .PP Operators are evaluated in order of precedence. Sub-expressions in parentheses are evaluated first and may override the precedence rules above. .SH "SHELL BUILTIN COMMANDS" .\" start of bash_builtins .zZ .PD 0 .TP \fB:\fP [\fIarguments\fP] .PD No effect; the command does nothing beyond expanding .I arguments and performing any specified redirections. A zero exit code is returned. .TP .PD 0 \fB .\| \fP \fIfilename\fP [\fIarguments\fP] .TP \fBsource\fP \fIfilename\fP [\fIarguments\fP] .PD Read and execute commands from .I filename in the current shell environment and return the exit status of the last command executed from .IR filename . If .I filename does not contain a slash, pathnames in .SM .B PATH are used to find the directory containing .IR filename . The file searched for in .SM .B PATH need not be executable. The current directory is searched if no file is found in .SM .BR PATH . If any \fIarguments\fP are supplied, they become the positional parameters when \fIfile\fP is executed. Otherwise the positional parameters are unchanged. The return status is the status of the last command exited within the script (0 if no commands are executed), and false if .I filename is not found. .TP \fBalias\fP [\fIname\fP[=\fIvalue\fP] ...] \fBAlias\fP with no arguments prints the list of aliases in the form \fIname\fP=\fIvalue\fP on standard output. When arguments are supplied, an alias is defined for each \fIname\fP whose \fIvalue\fP is given. A trailing space in \fIvalue\fP causes the next word to be checked for alias substitution when the alias is expanded. For each \fIname\fP in the argument list for which no \fIvalue\fP is supplied, the name and value of the alias is printed. \fBAlias\fP returns true unless a \fIname\fP is given for which no alias has been defined. .TP \fBbg\fP [\fIjobspec\fP] Place \fIjobspec\fP in the background, as if it had been started with .BR & . If \fIjobspec\fP is not present, the shell's notion of the \fIcurrent job\fP is used. .B bg .I jobspec returns 0 unless run when job control is disabled or, when run with job control enabled, if \fIjobspec\fP was not found or started without job control. .TP .PD 0 \fBbind\fP [\fB\-m\fP \fIkeymap\fP] [\fB\-lvd\fP] [\fB-q\fP \fIname\fP] .TP \fBbind\fP [\fB\-m\fP \fIkeymap\fP] \fB-f\fP \fIfilename\fP .TP \fBbind\fP [\fB\-m\fP \fIkeymap\fP] \fIkeyseq\fP:\fIfunction-name\fP .PD Display current .B readline key and function bindings, or bind a key sequence to a .B readline function or macro. The binding syntax accepted is identical to that of .IR .inputrc , but each binding must be passed as a separate argument; e.g., '"\eC-x\eC-r": re\-read\-init\-file'. Options, if supplied, have the following meanings: .RS .PD 0 .TP .B \-m \fIkeymap\fP Use .I keymap as the keymap to be affected by the subsequent bindings. Acceptable .I keymap names are \fIemacs, emacs-standard, emacs-meta, emacs-ctlx, vi, vi-move, vi-command\fP, and .IR vi-insert . \fIvi\fP is equivalent to \fIvi-command\fP; \fIemacs\fP is equivalent to \fIemacs-standard\fP. .TP .B \-l List the names of all \fBreadline\fP functions .TP .B \-v List current function names and bindings .TP .B \-d Dump function names and bindings in such a way that they can be re-read .TP .B \-f \fIfilename\fP Read key bindings from \fIfilename\fP .TP .B \-q \fIfunction\fP Query about which keys invoke the named \fIfunction\fP .PD .PP The return value is 0 unless an unrecognized option is given or an error occurred. .RE .TP \fBbreak\fP [\fIn\fP] Exit from within a .BR for , .BR while , or .B until loop. If \fIn\fP is specified, break \fIn\fP levels. .I n must be \(>= 1. If .I n is greater than the number of enclosing loops, all enclosing loops are exited. The return value is 0 unless the shell is not executing a loop when .B break is executed. .TP \fBbuiltin\fP \fIshell\-builtin\fP [\fIarguments\fP] Execute the specified shell builtin, passing it .IR arguments , and return its exit status. This is useful when you wish to define a function whose name is the same as a shell builtin, but need the functionality of the builtin within the function itself. The \fBcd\fP builtin is commonly redefined this way. The return status is false if .I shell\-builtin is not a shell builtin command. .TP \fBcd\fP [\fIdir\fP] Change the current directory to \fIdir\fP. The variable .SM .B HOME is the default .IR dir . The variable .SM .B CDPATH defines the search path for the directory containing .IR dir . Alternative directory names are separated by a colon (:). A null directory name in .SM .B CDPATH is the same as the current directory, i.e., ``\fB.\fP''. If .I dir begins with a slash (/), then .SM .B CDPATH is not used. An argument of .B \- is equivalent to .SM .BR $OLDPWD . The return value is true if the directory was successfully changed; false otherwise. .TP \fBcommand\fP [\fB-pVv\fP] \fIcommand\fP [\fIarg\fP ...] Run .I command with .I args suppressing the normal shell function lookup. Only builtin commands or commands found in the .SM .B PATH are executed. If the .B \-p option is given, the search for .I command is performed using a default value for .B PATH that is guaranteed to find all of the standard utilities. If either the .B \-V or .B \-v option is supplied, a description of .I command is printed. The .B \-v option causes a single word indicating the command or pathname used to invoke .I command to be printed; the .B \-V option produces a more verbose description. An argument of .B \-\- disables option checking for the rest of the arguments. If the .B \-V or .B \-v option is supplied, the exit status is 0 if .I command was found, and 1 if not. If neither option is supplied and an error occurred or .I command cannot be found, the exit status is 127. Otherwise, the exit status of the .B command builtin is the exit status of .IR command . .TP \fBcontinue\fP [\fIn\fP] Resume the next iteration of the enclosing .BR for , .BR while , or .B until loop. If .I n is specified, resume at the \fIn\fPth enclosing loop. .I n must be \(>= 1. If .I n is greater than the number of enclosing loops, the last enclosing loop (the `top\-level' loop) is resumed. The return value is 0 unless the shell is not executing a loop when .B continue is executed. .TP .PD 0 \fBdeclare\fP [\fB\-frxi\fP] [\fIname\fP[=\fIvalue\fP]] .TP \fBtypeset\fP [\fB\-frxi\fP] [\fIname\fP[=\fIvalue\fP]] .PD Declare variables and/or give them attributes. If no \fIname\fPs are given, then display the values of variables instead. The options can be used to restrict output to variables with the specified attribute. .RS .PD 0 .TP .B \-f Use function names only .TP .B \-r Make \fIname\fPs readonly. These names cannot then be assigned values by subsequent assignment statements. .TP .B \-x Mark \fIname\fPs for export to subsequent commands via the environment. .TP .B \-i The variable is treated as an integer; arithmetic evaluation (see .SM .B "ARITHMETIC EVALUATION" ") " is performed when the variable is assigned a value. .PD .PP Using `+' instead of `\-' turns off the attribute instead. When used in a function, makes \fIname\fPs local, as with the .B local command. The return value is 0 unless an illegal option is encountered, an attempt is made to define a function using "-f foo=bar", one of the \fInames\fP is not a legal shell variable name, an attempt is made to turn off readonly status for a readonly variable, or an attempt is made to display a non-existant function with -f. .RE .TP .B dirs [\fB-l\fP] [\fB+/\-n\fP] Display the list of currently remembered directories. Directories are added to the list with the .B pushd command; the .B popd command moves back up through the list. .RS .PD 0 .TP .B +n displays the \fIn\fPth entry counting from the left of the list shown by .B dirs when invoked without options, starting with zero. .TP .B \-n displays the \fIn\fPth entry counting from the right of the list shown by .B dirs when invoked without options, starting with zero. .TP .B \-l produces a longer listing; the default listing format uses a tilde to denote the home directory. .PD .PP The return value is 0 unless an illegal option is supplied or \fIn\fP indexes beyond the end of the directory stack. .RE .TP \fBecho\fP [\fB\-neE\fP] [\fIarg\fP ...] Output the \fIarg\fPs, separated by spaces. The return status is always 0. If \fB\-n\fP is specified, the trailing newline is suppressed. If the \fB\-e\fP option is given, interpretation of the following backslash-escaped characters is enabled. The .B \-E option disables the interpretation of these escape characters, even on systems where they are interpreted by default. .RS .PD 0 .TP .B \ea alert (bell) .TP .B \eb backspace .TP .B \ec suppress trailing newline .TP .B \ef form feed .TP .B \en new line .TP .B \er carriage return .TP .B \et horizontal tab .TP .B \ev vertical tab .TP .B \e\e backslash .TP .B \ennn the character whose ASCII code is \fInnn\fP (octal) .PD .RE .TP \fBenable\fP [\fB\-n\fP] [\fB\-all\fP] [\fIname\fP ...] Enable and disable builtin shell commands. This allows the execution of a disk command which has the same name as a shell builtin without specifying a full pathname. If \fB\-n\fP is used, each \fIname\fP is disabled; otherwise, \fInames\fP are enabled. For example, to use the .B test binary found via the .SM .B PATH instead of the shell builtin version, type ``enable -n test''. If no arguments are given, a list of all enabled shell builtins is printed. If only \fB\-n\fP is supplied, a list of all disabled builtins is printed. If only \fB\-all\fP is supplied, the list printed includes all builtins, with an indication of whether or not each is enabled. .B enable accepts .B \-a as a synonym for .BR \-all . The return value is 0 unless a .I name is not a shell builtin. .TP \fBeval\fP [\fIarg\fP ...] The \fIarg\fPs are read and concatenated together into a single command. This command is then read and executed by the shell, and its exit status is returned as the value of the .B eval command. If there are no .IR args , or only null arguments, .B eval returns true. .TP \fBexec\fP [[\fB\-\fP] \fIcommand\fP [\fIarguments\fP]] If .I command is specified, it replaces the shell. No new process is created. The .I arguments become the arguments to \fIcommand\fP. If the first argument is .BR \- , the shell places a dash in the zeroth arg passed to .IR command . This is what login does. If the file cannot be executed for some reason, a non-interactive shell exits, unless the shell variable \fBno_exit_on_failed_exec\fP exists, in which case it returns failure. An interactive shell returns failure if the file cannot be executed. If .I command is not specified, any redirections take effect in the current shell, and the return status is 0. .TP \fBexit\fP [\fIn\fP] Cause the shell to exit with a status of \fIn\fP. If .I n is omitted, the exit status is that of the last command executed. A trap on .SM .B EXIT is executed before the shell terminates. .TP .PD 0 \fBexport\fP [\fB\-nf\fP\^] [\fIname\fP[=\fIword\fP]] ... .TP .B export \-p .PD The supplied .I names are marked for automatic export to the environment of subsequently executed commands. If the .B \-f option is given, the .I names refer to functions. If no .I names are given, or if the .B \-p option is supplied, a list of all names that are exported in this shell is printed. The .B \-n option causes the export property to be removed from the named variables. An argument of .B \-\- disables option checking for the rest of the arguments. .B export returns an exit status of 0 unless an illegal option is encountered, one of the \fInames\fP is not a legal shell variable name, or .B \-f is supplied with a .I name that is not a function. .TP .PD 0 \fBfc\fP [\fB\-e\fP \fIename\fP] [\fB\-nlr\fP] [\fIfirst\fP] [\fIlast\fP] .TP \fBfc\fP \fB\-s\fP [\fIpat\fP=\fIrep\fP] [\fIcmd\fP] .PD Fix Command. In the first form, a range of commands from .I first to .I last is selected from the history list. .I First and .I last may be specified as a string (to locate the last command beginning with that string) or as a number (an index into the history list, where a negative number is used as an offset from the current command number). If .I last is not specified it is set to the current command for listing (so that .B fc \-l \-10 prints the last 10 commands) and to .I first otherwise. If .I first is not specified it is set to the previous command for editing and \-16 for listing. .sp 1 The .B \-n flag suppresses the command numbers when listing. The .B \-r flag reverses the order of the commands. If the .B \-l flag is given, the commands are listed on standard output. Otherwise, the editor given by .I ename is invoked on a file containing those commands. If .I ename is not given, the value of the .SM .B FCEDIT variable is used, and the value of .SM .B EDITOR if .SM .B FCEDIT is not set. If neither variable is set, .FN vi is used. When editing is complete, the edited commands are echoed and executed. .sp 1 In the second form, \fIcommand\fP is re-executed after each instance of \fIpat\fP is replaced by \fIrep\fP. A useful alias to use with this is ``r=fc \-s'', so that typing ``r cc'' runs the last command beginning with ``cc'' and typing ``r'' re-executes the last command. .sp 1 If the first form is used, the return value is 0 unless an illegal option is encountered or .I first or .I last specify history lines out of range. If the .B \-e option is supplied, the return value is the value of the last command executed or failure if an error occurs with the temporary file of commands. If the second form is used, the return status is that of the command re-executed, unless .I cmd does not specify a valid history line, in which case .B fc returns failure. .TP \fBfg\fP [\fIjobspec\fP] Place .I jobspec in the foreground, and make it the current job. If .I jobspec is not present, the shell's notion of the \fIcurrent job\fP is used. The return value is that of the command placed into the foreground, or failure if run when job control is disabled or, when run with job control enabled, if .I jobspec does not specify a valid job or .I jobspec specifies a job that was started without job control. .TP \fBgetopts\fP \fIoptstring\fP \fIname\fP [\fIargs\fP] .B getopts is used by shell procedures to parse positional parameters. .I optstring contains the option letters to be recognized; if a letter is followed by a colon, the option is expected to have an argument, which should be separated from it by white space. Each time it is invoked, .B getopts places the next option in the shell variable .IR name , initializing .I name if it does not exist, and the index of the next argument to be processed into the variable .SM .BR OPTIND . .SM .B OPTIND is initialized to 1 each time the shell or a shell script is invoked. When an option requires an argument, .B getopts places that argument into the variable .SM .BR OPTARG . The shell does not reset .SM .B OPTIND automatically; it must be manually reset between multiple calls to .B getopts within the same shell invocation if a new set of parameters is to be used. .sp 1 .B getopts can report errors in two ways. If the first character of .I optstring is a colon, .I silent error reporting is used. In normal operation diagnostic messages are printed when illegal options or missing option arguments are encountered. If the variable .SM .B OPTERR is set to 0, no error message will be displayed, even if the first character of .I optstring is not a colon. .sp 1 If an illegal option is seen, .B getopts places ? into .I name and, if not silent, prints an error message and unsets .SM .BR OPTARG . If .B getopts is silent, the option character found is placed in .SM .B OPTARG and no diagnostic message is printed. .sp 1 If a required argument is not found, and .B getopts is not silent, a question mark (\^\fB?\fP\^) is placed in .IR name , .B OPTARG is unset, and a diagnostic message is printed. If .B getopts is silent, then a colon (\^\fB:\fP\^) is placed in .I name and .SM .B OPTARG is set to the option character found. .sp 1 .B getopts normally parses the positional parameters, but if more arguments are given in .IR args , .B getopts parses those instead. .B getopts returns true if an option, specified or unspecified, is found. It returns false if the end of options is encountered or an error occurs. .TP \fBhash\fP [\fB\-r\fP] [\fIname\fP] For each .IR name , the full pathname of the command is determined and remembered. The .B \-r option causes the shell to forget all remembered locations. If no arguments are given, information about remembered commands is printed. An argument of .B \-\- disables option checking for the rest of the arguments. The return status is true unless a .I name is not found or an illegal option is supplied. .TP \fBhelp\fP [\fIpattern\fP] Display helpful information about builtin commands. If .I pattern is specified, .B help gives detailed help on all commands matching .IR pattern ; otherwise a list of the builtins is printed. The return status is 0 unless no command matches .IR pattern . .TP .PD 0 \fBhistory\fP [\fIn\fP] .TP \fBhistory\fP \fB\-rwan\fP [\fIfilename\fP] .\".TP .\"\fBhistory\fP \fB\-s\fP \fIargs\fP .PD With no options, display the command history list with line numbers. Lines listed with a .B * have been modified. An argument of .I n lists only the last .I n lines. If a non-option argument is supplied, it is used as the name of the history file; if not, the value of .SM .B HISTFILE is used. Options, if supplied, have the following meanings: .RS .PD 0 .TP .B \-a Append the ``new'' history lines (history lines entered since the beginning of the current \fBbash\fP session) to the history file .TP .B \-n Read the history lines not already read from the history file into the current history list. These are lines appended to the history file since the beginning of the current \fBbash\fP session. .TP .B \-r Read the contents of the history file and use them as the current history .TP .B \-w Write the current history to the history file, overwriting the history file's contents. .\".TP .\".B \-s .\"perform history .\"substitution on the following \fIargs\fP and display .\"the result on the standard output. .PD .PP The return value is 0 unless an illegal option is encountered or an error occurs while reading or writing the history file. .RE .TP .PD 0 \fBjobs\fP [\fB\-lnp\fP] [ \fIjobspec\fP ... ] .TP \fBjobs\fP \fB\-x\fP \fIcommand\fP [ \fIargs\fP ... ] .PD The first form lists the active jobs. The .B \-l option lists process IDs in addition to the normal information; the .B \-p option lists only the process ID of the job's process group leader. The .B \-n option displays only jobs that have changed status since last notified. If .I jobspec is given, output is restricted to information about that job. The return status is 0 unless an illegal option is encountered or an illegal .I jobspec is supplied. .sp 1 If the .B \-x option is supplied, .B jobs replaces any .I jobspec found in .I command or .I args with the corresponding process group ID, and executes .I command passing it .IR args , returning its exit status. .TP .PD 0 \fBkill\fP [\fB-s sigspec\fP | \fB\-sigspec\fP] [\fIpid\fP | \fIjobspec\fP] ... .TP \fBkill\fP \fB\-l\fP [\fIsignum\fP] .PD Send the signal named by .I sigspec to the processes named by .I pid or .IR jobspec . .I sigspec is either a signal name such as .SM .B SIGKILL or a signal number. If .I sigspec is a signal name, the name is case insensitive and may be given with or without the .SM .B SIG prefix. If .I sigspec is not present, then .SM .B SIGTERM is assumed. An argument of .B \-l lists the signal names. If any arguments are supplied when .B \-l is given, the names of the specified signals are listed, and the return status is 0. An argument of .B \-\- disables option checking for the rest of the arguments. .B kill returns true if at least one signal was successfully sent, or false if an error occurs or an illegal option is encountered. .TP \fBlet\fP \fIarg\fP [\fIarg\fP ...] Each .I arg is an arithmetic expression to be evaluated (see .SM .BR "ARITHMETIC EVALUATION" ). If the last .I arg evaluates to 0, .B let returns 1; 0 is returned otherwise. .TP \fBlocal\fP [\fIname\fP[=\fIvalue\fP] ...] For each argument, create a local variable named .IR name , and assign it .IR value . When .B local is used within a function, it causes the variable .I name to have a visible scope restricted to that function and its children. With no operands, .B local writes a list of local variables to the standard output. It is an error to use .B local when not within a function. The return status is 0 unless .B local is used outside a function, or an illegal .I name is supplied. .TP .B logout Exit a login shell. .TP \fBpopd\fP [\fB+/\-n\fP] Removes entries from the directory stack. With no arguments, removes the top directory from the stack, and performs a .B cd to the new top directory. .RS .PD 0 .TP .B +n removes the \fIn\fPth entry counting from the left of the list shown by .BR dirs , starting with zero. For example: ``popd +0'' removes the first directory, ``popd +1'' the second. .TP .B \-n removes the \fIn\fPth entry counting from the right of the list shown by .BR dirs , starting with zero. For example: ``popd -0'' removes the last directory, ``popd -1'' the next to last. .PD .PP If the .B popd command is successful, a .B dirs is performed as well, and the return status is 0. .B popd returns false if an illegal option is encountered, the directory stack is empty, a non-existent directory stack entry is specified, or the directory change fails. .RE .TP .PD 0 \fBpushd\fP [\fIdir\fP] .TP \fBpushd\fP \fB+/\-n\fP .PD Adds a directory to the top of the directory stack, or rotates the stack, making the new top of the stack the current working directory. With no arguments, exchanges the top two directories and returns 0, unless the directory stack is empty. .RS .PD 0 .TP .B +n Rotates the stack so that the \fIn\fPth directory (counting from the left of the list shown by .BR dirs ) is at the top. .TP .B \-n Rotates the stack so that the \fIn\fPth directory (counting from the right) is at the top. .TP .B dir adds .I dir to the directory stack at the top, making it the new current working directory. .PD .PP If the .B pushd command is successful, a .B dirs is performed as well. If the first form is used, .B pushd returns 0 unless the cd to .I dir fails. With the second form, .B pushd returns 0 unless the directory stack is empty, a non-existant directory stack element is specified, or the directory change to the specified new current directory fails. .RE .TP \fBpwd\fP Print the absolute pathname of the current working directory. The path printed contains no symbolic links if the .B \-P option to the .B set builtin command is set. See also the description of .B nolinks under .B Shell Variables above). The return status is 0 unless an error occurs while reading the pathname of the current directory. .TP \fBread\fP [\fB\-r\fP] [\fIname\fP ...] One line is read from the standard input, and the first word is assigned to the first .IR name , the second word to the second .IR name , and so on, with leftover words assigned to the last .IR name . Only the characters in .SM .B IFS are recognized as word delimiters. If no .I names are supplied, the line read is assigned to the variable .SM .BR REPLY . The return code is zero, unless end-of-file is encountered. If the .B \-r option is given, a backslash-newline pair is not ignored, and the backslash is considered to be part of the line. .TP .PD 0 \fBreadonly\fP [\fB\-f\fP] [\fIname\fP ...] .TP \fBreadonly -p\fP .PD The given \fInames\fP are marked readonly and the values of these \fInames\fP may not be changed by subsequent assignment. If the .B \-f option is supplied, the functions corresponding to the \fInames\fP are so marked. If no arguments are given, or if the .B \-p option is supplied, a list of all readonly names is printed. An argument of .B \-\- disables option checking for the rest of the arguments. The return status is 0 unless an illegal option is encountered, one of the \fInames\fP is not a legal shell variable name, or .B \-f is supplied with a .I name that is not a function. .TP \fBreturn\fP [\fIn\fP] Causes a function to exit with the return value specified by .IR n . If .I n is omitted, the return status is that of the last command executed in the function body. If used outside a function, but during execution of a script by the .B . (\fBsource\fP) command, it causes the shell to stop executing that script and return either .I n or the exit status of the last command executed within the script as the exit status of the script. If used outside a function and not during execution of a script by \fB.\fP\^, the return status is false. .TP \fBset\fP [\fB\-\-abefhkmnptuvxldCHP\fP] [\fB-o\fP \fIoption\fP] [\fIarg\fP ...] .RS .PD 0 .TP 8 .B \-a Automatically mark variables which are modified or created for export to the environment of subsequent commands. .TP 8 .B \-b Cause the status of terminated background jobs to be reported immediately, rather than before the next primary prompt. (Also see .B notify under .B Shell Variables above). .TP 8 .B \-e Exit immediately if a \fIsimple-command\fP (see .SM .B SHELL GRAMMAR above) exits with a non\-zero status. The shell does not exit if the command that fails is part of an .I until or .I while loop, part of an .I if statement, part of a .B && or .B \(bv\|\(bv list, or if the command's return value is being inverted via .BR ! . .TP 8 .B \-f Disable pathname expansion. .TP 8 .B \-h Locate and remember function commands as functions are defined. Function commands are normally looked up when the function is executed. .TP 8 .B \-k All keyword arguments are placed in the environment for a command, not just those that precede the command name. .TP 8 .B \-m Monitor mode. Job control is enabled. This flag is on by default for interactive shells on systems that support it (see .SM .B JOB CONTROL above). Background processes run in a separate process group and a line containing their exit status is printed upon their completion. .TP 8 .B \-n Read commands but do not execute them. This may be used to check a shell script for syntax errors. This is ignored for interactive shells. .TP 8 .B \-o \fIoption-name\fP The \fIoption-name\fP can be one of the following: .RS .TP 8 .B allexport Same as .BR \-a . .TP 8 .B braceexpand The shell performs brace expansion (see .B Brace Expansion above). This is on by default. .TP 8 .B emacs Use an emacs-style command line editing interface. This is enabled by default when the shell is interactive, unless the shell is started with the .B \-nolineediting option. .TP 8 .B errexit Same as .BR \-e . .TP 8 .B histexpand Same as .BR \-H . .TP 8 .B ignoreeof The effect is as if the shell command `IGNOREEOF=10' had been executed (see .B Shell Variables above). .TP 8 .B interactive\-comments Allow a word beginning with .B # to cause that word and all remaining characters on that line to be ignored in an interactive shell (see .SM .B COMMENTS above). .TP 8 .B monitor Same as .BR \-m . .TP 8 .B noclobber Same as .BR \-C . .TP 8 .B noexec Same as .BR \-n . .TP 8 .B noglob Same as .BR \-f . .TP 8 .B nohash Same as .BR \-d . .TP 8 .B notify Same as .BR \-b . .TP 8 .B nounset Same as .BR \-u . .TP 8 .B physical Same as .BR \-P . .TP 8 .B posix Change the behavior of bash where the default operation differs from the Posix 1003.2 standard to match the standard. .TP 8 .B privileged Same as .BR \-p . .TP 8 .B verbose Same as .BR \-v . .TP 8 .B vi Use a vi-style command line editing interface. .TP 8 .B xtrace Same as .BR \-x . .PP If no \fIoption-name\fP is supplied, the values of the current options are printed. .RE .TP 8 .B \-p Turn on .I privileged mode. In this mode, the .B $ENV file is not processed, and shell functions are not inherited from the environment. This is enabled automatically on startup if the effective user (group) id is not equal to the real user (group) id. Turning this option off causes the effective user and group ids to be set to the real user and group ids. .TP 8 .B \-t Exit after reading and executing one command. .TP 8 .B \-u Treat unset variables as an error when performing parameter expansion. If expansion is attempted on an unset variable, the shell prints an error message, and, if not interactive, exits with a non\-zero status. .TP 8 .B \-v Print shell input lines as they are read. .TP 8 .B \-x After expanding each .IR simple-command , .B bash displays the expanded value of .SM .BR PS4 , followed by the command and its expanded arguments. .TP 8 .B \-l Save and restore the binding of \fIname\fP in a \fBfor\fP \fIname\fP [in \fBword\fP] command (see .SM .B SHELL GRAMMAR above). .TP 8 .B \-d Disable the hashing of commands that are looked up for execution. Normally, commands are remembered in a hash table, and once found, do not have to be looked up again. .TP 8 .B \-C The effect is as if the shell command `noclobber=' had been executed (see .B Shell Variables above). .TP 8 .B \-H Enable .B ! style history substitution. This flag is on by default when the shell is interactive. .TP 8 .B \-P If set, do not follow symbolic links when performing commands such as .B cd which change the current directory. The physical directory is used instead. .TP 8 .B \-\- If no arguments follow this flag, then the positional parameters are unset. Otherwise, the positional parameters are set to the \fIarg\fPs, even if some of them begin with a .BR \- . .TP 8 .B \- Signal the end of options, cause all remaining \fIarg\fPs to be assigned to the positional parameters. The .B \-x and .B \-v options are turned off. If there are no \fIarg\fPs, the positional parameters remain unchanged. .PD .PP The flags are off by default unless otherwise noted. Using + rather than \- causes these flags to be turned off. The flags can also be specified as options to an invocation of the shell. The current set of flags may be found in .BR $\- . After the option arguments are processed, the remaining \fIn\fP \fIarg\fPs are treated as values for the positional parameters and are assigned, in order, to .BR $1 , .BR $2 , .B ... .BR $\fIn\fP . If no options or \fIarg\fPs are supplied, all shell variables are printed. The return status is always true unless an illegal option is encountered. .RE .TP \fBshift\fP [\fIn\fP] The positional parameters from \fIn\fP+1 ... are renamed to .B $1 .B .... Parameters represented by the numbers \fB$#\fP down to \fB$#\fP\-\fIn\fP+1 are unset. If .I n is 0, no parameters are changed. If .I n is not given, it is assumed to be 1. .I n must be a non-negative number less than or equal to \fB$#\fP. If .I n is greater than \fB$#\fP, the positional parameters are not changed. The return status is greater than 0 if .I n is greater than .B $# or less than 0; otherwise 0. .TP \fBsuspend\fP [\fB\-f\fP] Suspend the execution of this shell until it receives a .SM .B SIGCONT signal. The .B \-f option says not to complain if this is a login shell; just suspend anyway. The return status is 0 unless the shell is a login shell and .B \-f is not supplied, or if job control is not enabled. .TP .PD 0 \fBtest\fP \fIexpr\fP .TP \fB[\fP \fIexpr\fP \fB]\fP Return a status of 0 (true) or 1 (false) depending on the evaluation of the conditional expression .IR expr . Expressions may be unary or binary. Unary expressions are often used to examine the status of a file. There are string operators and numeric comparison operators as well. Each operator and operand must be a separate argument. If \fIfile\fP is of the form /dev/fd/\fIn\fP, then file descriptor \fIn\fP is checked. .RS .PD 0 .TP .B \-b \fIfile\fP True if \fIfile\fP exists and is block special. .TP .B \-c \fIfile\fP True if \fIfile\fP exists and is character special. .TP .B \-d \fIfile\fP True if \fIfile\fP exists and is a directory. .TP .B \-e \fIfile\fP True if \fIfile\fP exists. .TP .B \-f \fIfile\fP True if \fIfile\fP exists and is a regular file. .TP .B \-g \fIfile\fP True if \fIfile\fP exists and is set-group-id. .TP .B \-k \fIfile\fP True if \fIfile\fP has its ``sticky'' bit set. .TP .B \-L \fIfile\fP True if \fIfile\fP exists and is a symbolic link. .TP .B \-p \fIfile\fP True if \fIfile\fP exists and is a named pipe. .TP .B \-r \fIfile\fP True if \fIfile\fP exists and is readable. .TP .B \-s \fIfile\fP True if \fIfile\fP exists and has a size greater than zero. .TP .B \-S \fIfile\fP True if \fIfile\fP exists and is a socket. .TP .B \-t \fIfd\fP True if .I fd is opened on a terminal. .TP .B \-u \fIfile\fP True if \fIfile\fP exists and its set-user-id bit is set. .TP .B \-w \fIfile\fP True if \fIfile\fP exists and is writable. .TP .B \-x \fIfile\fP True if \fIfile\fP exists and is executable. .TP .B \-O \fIfile\fP True if \fIfile\fP exists and is owned by the effective user id. .TP .B \-G \fIfile\fP True if \fIfile\fP exists and is owned by the effective group id. .TP \fIfile1\fP \-\fBnt\fP \fIfile2\fP True if \fIfile1\fP is newer (according to modification date) than \fIfile2\fP. .TP \fIfile1\fP \-\fBot\fP \fIfile2\fP True if \fIfile1\fP is older than file2. .TP \fIfile1\fP \fB\-ef\fP \fIfile\fP True if \fIfile1\fP and \fIfile2\fP have the same device and inode numbers. .TP .B \-z \fIstring\fP True if the length of \fIstring\fP is zero. .TP .B \-n \fIstring\fP .TP \fIstring\fP True if the length of .I string is non\-zero. .TP \fIstring1\fP \fB=\fP \fIstring2\fP True if the strings are equal. .TP \fIstring1\fP \fB!=\fP \fIstring2\fP True if the strings are not equal. .TP .B ! \fIexpr\fP True if .I expr is false. .TP \fIexpr1\fP \-\fBa\fP \fIexpr2\fP True if both .I expr1 AND .I expr2 are true. .TP \fIexpr1\fP \-\fBo\fP \fIexpr2\fP True if either .I expr1 OR .I expr2 is true. .TP .I arg1 \fBOP\fP arg2 .SM .B OP is one of .BR \-eq , .BR \-ne , .BR \-lt , .BR \-le , .BR \-gt , or .BR \-ge . These arithmetic binary operators return true if \fIarg1\fP is equal, not-equal, less-than, less-than-or-equal, greater-than, or greater-than-or-equal than \fIarg2\fP, respectively. .I Arg1 and .I arg2 may be positive integers, negative integers, or the special expression \fB\-l\fP \fIstring\fP, which evaluates to the length of .IR string . .PD .RE .TP .B times Print the accumulated user and system times for the shell and for processes run from the shell. The return status is 0. .TP \fBtrap\fP [\fB\-l\fP] [\fIarg\fP] [\fIsigspec\fP] The command .I arg is to be read and executed when the shell receives signal(s) .IR sigspec . If .I arg is absent or .BR \- , all specified signals are reset to their original values (the values they had upon entrance to the shell). If .I arg is the null string this signal is ignored by the shell and by the commands it invokes. .I sigspec is either a signal name defined in <\fIsignal.h\fP>, or a signal number. If .I sigspec is .SM .B EXIT (0) the command .I arg is executed on exit from the shell. With no arguments, .B trap prints the list of commands associated with each signal number. The .B \-l option causes the shell to print a list of signal names and their corresponding numbers. An argument of .B \-\- disables option checking for the rest of the arguments. Signals ignored upon entry to the shell cannot be trapped or reset. Trapped signals are reset to their original values in a child process when it is created. The return status is false if either the trap name or number is invalid; otherwise .B trap returns true. .TP \fBtype\fP [\fB\-all\fP] [\fB\-type\fP | \fB\-path\fP] \fIname\fP [\fIname\fP ...] With no options, indicate how each .I name would be interpreted if used as a command name. If the .B \-type flag is used, .B type prints a phrase which is one of .IR alias , .IR keyword , .IR function , .IR builtin , or .I file if .I name is an alias, shell reserved word, function, builtin, or disk file, respectively. If the name is not found, then nothing is printed, and an exit status of false is returned. If the .B \-path flag is used, .B type either returns the name of the disk file that would be executed if .I name were specified as a command name, or nothing if .B \-type would not return .IR file . If a command is hashed, .B \-path prints the hashed value, not necessarily the file that appears first in .SM .BR PATH . If the .B \-all flag is used, .B type prints all of the places that contain an executable named .IR name . This includes aliases and functions, if and only if the .B \-path flag is not also used. The table of hashed commands is not consulted when using .BR \-all . .B type accepts .BR \-a , .BR \-t , and .B \-p in place of .BR \-all , .BR \-type , and .BR \-path , respectively. An argument of .B \-\- disables option checking for the rest of the arguments. .B type returns true if any of the arguments are found, false if none are found. .TP \fBulimit\fP [\fB\-SHacdfmstpnuv\fP [\fIlimit\fP]] .B Ulimit provides control over the resources available to the shell and to processes started by it, on systems that allow such control. The value of .I limit can be a number in the unit specified for the resource, or the value .BR unlimited . The \fBH\fP and \fBS\fP options specify that the hard or soft limit is set for the given resource. A hard limit cannot be increased once it is set; a soft limit may be increased up to the value of the hard limit. If neither \fBH\fP nor \fBS\fP is specified, the command applies to the soft limit. If .I limit is omitted, the current value of the soft limit of the resource is printed, unless the \fBH\fP option is given. When more than one resource is specified, the limit name and unit is printed before the value. Other options are interpreted as follows: .RS .PD 0 .TP .B \-a all current limits are reported .TP .B \-c the maximum size of core files created .TP .B \-d the maximum size of a process's data segment .TP .B \-f the maximum size of files created by the shell .TP .B \-m the maximum resident set size .TP .B \-s the maximum stack size .TP .B \-t the maximum amount of cpu time in seconds .TP .B \-p the pipe size in 512-byte blocks (this may not be set) .TP .B \-n the maximum number of open file descriptors (most systems do not allow this value to be set, only displayed) .TP .B \-u the maximum number of processes available to a single user .TP .B \-v The maximum amount of virtual memory available to the shell .PD .PP An argument of .B \-\- disables option checking for the rest of the arguments. If .I limit is given, it is the new value of the specified resource (the .B \-a option is display only). If no option is given, then .B \-f is assumed. Values are in 1024-byte increments, except for .BR \-t , which is in seconds, .BR \-p , which is in units of 512-byte blocks, and .B \-n and .BR \-u , which are unscaled values. The return status is 0 unless an illegal option is encountered, a non-numeric argument other than \fBunlimited\fP is supplied as \fIlimit\fP, or an error occurs while setting a new limit. .RE .TP \fBumask\fP [\fB\-S\fP] [\fImode\fP] The user file-creation mask is set to .IR mode . If .I mode begins with a digit, it is interpreted as an octal number; otherwise it is interpreted as a symbolic mode mask similar to that accepted by .IR chmod (1). If .I mode is omitted, or if the .B \-S option is supplied, the current value of the mask is printed. The .B \-S option causes the mask to be printed in symbolic form; the default output is an octal number. An argument of .B \-\- disables option checking for the rest of the arguments. The return status is 0 if the mode was successfully changed or if no \fImode\fP argument was supplied, and false otherwise. .TP \fBunalias\fP [\-\fBa\fP] [\fIname\fP ...] Remove \fIname\fPs from the list of defined aliases. If .B \-a is supplied, all alias definitions are removed. The return value is true unless a supplied .I name is not a defined alias. .TP \fBunset\fP [\-\fBfv\fP] [\fIname\fP ...] For each .IR name , remove the corresponding variable or, given the .B \-f option, function. An argument of .B \-\- disables option checking for the rest of the arguments. Note that .SM .BR PATH , .SM .BR IFS , .SM .BR PPID , .SM .BR PS1 , .SM .BR PS2 , .SM .BR UID , and .SM .B EUID cannot be unset. If any of .SM .BR RANDOM , .SM .BR SECONDS , .SM .BR LINENO , or .SM .B HISTCMD are unset, they lose their special properties, even if they are subsequently reset. The exit status is true unless a .I name does not exist or is non-unsettable. .TP \fBwait\fP [\fIn\fP] Wait for the specified process and return its termination status. .I n may be a process ID or a job specification; if a job spec is given, all processes in that job's pipeline are waited for. If .I n is not given, all currently active child processes are waited for, and the return status is zero. If .I n specifies a non-existant process or job, the return status is 127. Otherwise, the return status is the exit status of the last process or job waited for. .\" bash_builtins .if \n(zZ=1 .ig zZ .SH INVOCATION A \fIlogin shell\fP is one whose first character of argument zero is a .BR \- , or one started with the .B \-login flag. .PP An \fIinteractive\fP shell is one whose standard input and output are both connected to terminals (as determined by .IR isatty (3)), or one started with the .B \-i option. .SM .B PS1 is set and .B $\- includes .B i if .B bash is interactive, allowing a shell script or a startup file to test this state. .PP .nf Login shells: On login (subject to the \fB\-noprofile\fP option): if \fI/etc/profile\fP exists, source it. if \fI~/.bash_profile\fP exists, source it, else if \fI~/.bash_login\fP exists, source it, else if \fI~/.profile\fP exists, source it. On exit: if \fI~/.bash_logout\fP exists, source it. Non-login interactive shells: On startup (subject to the \fB\-norc\fP and \fB\-rcfile\fP options): if \fI~/.bashrc\fP exists, source it. Non-interactive shells: On startup: if the environment variable \fBENV\fP is non-null, expand it and source the file it names, as if the command if [ "$ENV" ]; then . $ENV; fi had been executed, but do not use \fBPATH\fP to search for the pathname. When not started in Posix mode, bash looks for \fBBASH_ENV\fP before \fBENV\fP. .PP .fi .PP If Bash is invoked as .BR sh , it tries to mimic the behavior of .B sh as closely as possible. For a login shell, it attempts to source only .I /etc/profile and .IR ~/.profile , in that order. The .B \-noprofile option may still be used to disable this behavior. A shell invoked as .B sh does not attempt to source any other startup files. .PP When .B bash is started in .I posix mode, as with the .B \-posix command line option, it follows the Posix standard for startup files. In this mode, the .B ENV variable is expanded and that file sourced; no other startup files are read. .SH "SEE ALSO" .PD 0 .TP \fIBash Features\fP, Brian Fox and Chet Ramey .TP \fIThe Gnu Readline Library\fP, Brian Fox and Chet Ramey .TP \fIThe Gnu History Library\fP, Brian Fox and Chet Ramey .TP \fIA System V Compatible Implementation of 4.2\s-1BSD\s+1 Job Control\fP, David Lennert .TP \fIPortable Operating System Interface (POSIX) Part 2: Shell and Utilities\fP, IEEE .TP \fIsh\fP(1), \fIksh\fP(1), \fIcsh\fP(1) .TP \fIemacs\fP(1), \fIvi\fP(1) .TP \fIreadline\fP(3) .PD .SH FILES .PD 0 .TP .FN /bin/bash The \fBbash\fP executable .TP .FN /etc/profile The systemwide initialization file, executed for login shells .TP .FN ~/.bash_profile The personal initialization file, executed for login shells .TP .FN ~/.bashrc The individual per-interactive-shell startup file .TP .FN ~/.inputrc Individual \fIreadline\fP initialization file .PD .SH AUTHORS .RS Brian Fox, Free Software Foundation (primary author) .br bfox@ai.MIT.Edu .PP Chet Ramey, Case Western Reserve University .br chet@ins.CWRU.Edu .SH BUG REPORTS If you find a bug in .B bash, you should report it. But first, you should make sure that it really is a bug, and that it appears in the latest version of .B bash that you have. .PP Once you have determined that a bug actually exists, mail a bug report to \fIbash\-maintainers\fP@\fIprep.ai.MIT.Edu\fP. If you have a fix, you are welcome to mail that as well! Suggestions and `philosophical' bug reports may be mailed to \fPbug-bash\fP@\fIprep.ai.MIT.Edu\fP or posted to the Usenet newsgroup .BR gnu.bash.bug . .PP ALL bug reports should include: .PP .PD 0 .TP 20 The version number of \fBbash\fR .TP The hardware and operating system .TP The compiler used to compile .TP A description of the bug behaviour .TP A short script or `recipe' which exercises the bug .PD .PP Comments and bug reports concerning this manual page should be directed to .IR chet@ins.CWRU.Edu . .SH BUGS .PP It's too big and too slow. .PP There are some subtle differences between .B bash and traditional versions of .BR sh , mostly because of the .SM .B POSIX specification. .PP Aliases are confusing in some uses. .zZ bash-1.14.3/documentation/bash.ps 664 436 0 1014411 5671116254 15076 0ustar chetwheel%!PS-Adobe-3.0 %%Creator: groff version 1.08 %%DocumentNeededResources: font Times-Roman %%+ font Times-Bold %%+ font Times-Italic %%+ font Symbol %%DocumentSuppliedResources: procset grops 1.08 0 %%Pages: 37 %%PageOrder: Ascend %%Orientation: Portrait %%EndComments %%BeginProlog %%BeginResource: procset grops 1.08 0 /setpacking where{ pop currentpacking true setpacking }if /grops 120 dict dup begin /SC 32 def /A/show load def /B{0 SC 3 -1 roll widthshow}bind def /C{0 exch ashow}bind def /D{0 exch 0 SC 5 2 roll awidthshow}bind def /E{0 rmoveto show}bind def /F{0 rmoveto 0 SC 3 -1 roll widthshow}bind def /G{0 rmoveto 0 exch ashow}bind def /H{0 rmoveto 0 exch 0 SC 5 2 roll awidthshow}bind def /I{0 exch rmoveto show}bind def /J{0 exch rmoveto 0 SC 3 -1 roll widthshow}bind def /K{0 exch rmoveto 0 exch ashow}bind def /L{0 exch rmoveto 0 exch 0 SC 5 2 roll awidthshow}bind def /M{rmoveto show}bind def /N{rmoveto 0 SC 3 -1 roll widthshow}bind def /O{rmoveto 0 exch ashow}bind def /P{rmoveto 0 exch 0 SC 5 2 roll awidthshow}bind def /Q{moveto show}bind def /R{moveto 0 SC 3 -1 roll widthshow}bind def /S{moveto 0 exch ashow}bind def /T{moveto 0 exch 0 SC 5 2 roll awidthshow}bind def /SF{ findfont exch [exch dup 0 exch 0 exch neg 0 0]makefont dup setfont [exch/setfont cvx]cvx bind def }bind def /MF{ findfont [5 2 roll 0 3 1 roll neg 0 0]makefont dup setfont [exch/setfont cvx]cvx bind def }bind def /level0 0 def /RES 0 def /PL 0 def /LS 0 def /PLG{ gsave newpath clippath pathbbox grestore exch pop add exch pop }bind def /BP{ /level0 save def 1 setlinecap 1 setlinejoin 72 RES div dup scale LS{ 90 rotate }{ 0 PL translate }ifelse 1 -1 scale }bind def /EP{ level0 restore showpage }bind def /DA{ newpath arcn stroke }bind def /SN{ transform .25 sub exch .25 sub exch round .25 add exch round .25 add exch itransform }bind def /DL{ SN moveto SN lineto stroke }bind def /DC{ newpath 0 360 arc closepath }bind def /TM matrix def /DE{ TM currentmatrix pop translate scale newpath 0 0 .5 0 360 arc closepath TM setmatrix }bind def /RC/rcurveto load def /RL/rlineto load def /ST/stroke load def /MT/moveto load def /CL/closepath load def /FL{ currentgray exch setgray fill setgray }bind def /BL/fill load def /LW/setlinewidth load def /RE{ findfont dup maxlength 1 index/FontName known not{1 add}if dict begin { 1 index/FID ne{def}{pop pop}ifelse }forall /Encoding exch def dup/FontName exch def currentdict end definefont pop }bind def /DEFS 0 def /EBEGIN{ moveto DEFS begin }bind def /EEND/end load def /CNT 0 def /level1 0 def /PBEGIN{ /level1 save def translate div 3 1 roll div exch scale neg exch neg exch translate 0 setgray 0 setlinecap 1 setlinewidth 0 setlinejoin 10 setmiterlimit []0 setdash /setstrokeadjust where{ pop false setstrokeadjust }if /setoverprint where{ pop false setoverprint }if newpath /CNT countdictstack def userdict begin /showpage{}def }bind def /PEND{ clear countdictstack CNT sub{end}repeat level1 restore }bind def end def /setpacking where{ pop setpacking }if %%EndResource %%IncludeResource: font Times-Roman %%IncludeResource: font Times-Bold %%IncludeResource: font Times-Italic %%IncludeResource: font Symbol grops begin/DEFS 1 dict def DEFS begin/u{.001 mul}bind def end/RES 72 def/PL 792 def/LS false def/ENC0[/asciicircum/asciitilde/Scaron/Zcaron/scaron/zcaron /Ydieresis/trademark/quotesingle/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef /.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef /.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/space /exclam/quotedbl/numbersign/dollar/percent/ampersand/quoteright/parenleft /parenright/asterisk/plus/comma/hyphen/period/slash/zero/one/two/three/four /five/six/seven/eight/nine/colon/semicolon/less/equal/greater/question/at/A/B/C /D/E/F/G/H/I/J/K/L/M/N/O/P/Q/R/S/T/U/V/W/X/Y/Z/bracketleft/backslash /bracketright/circumflex/underscore/quoteleft/a/b/c/d/e/f/g/h/i/j/k/l/m/n/o/p/q /r/s/t/u/v/w/x/y/z/braceleft/bar/braceright/tilde/.notdef/quotesinglbase /guillemotleft/guillemotright/bullet/florin/fraction/perthousand/dagger /daggerdbl/endash/emdash/ff/fi/fl/ffi/ffl/dotlessi/dotlessj/grave/hungarumlaut /dotaccent/breve/caron/ring/ogonek/quotedblleft/quotedblright/oe/lslash /quotedblbase/OE/Lslash/.notdef/exclamdown/cent/sterling/currency/yen/brokenbar /section/dieresis/copyright/ordfeminine/guilsinglleft/logicalnot/minus /registered/macron/degree/plusminus/twosuperior/threesuperior/acute/mu /paragraph/periodcentered/cedilla/onesuperior/ordmasculine/guilsinglright /onequarter/onehalf/threequarters/questiondown/Agrave/Aacute/Acircumflex/Atilde /Adieresis/Aring/AE/Ccedilla/Egrave/Eacute/Ecircumflex/Edieresis/Igrave/Iacute /Icircumflex/Idieresis/Eth/Ntilde/Ograve/Oacute/Ocircumflex/Otilde/Odieresis /multiply/Oslash/Ugrave/Uacute/Ucircumflex/Udieresis/Yacute/Thorn/germandbls /agrave/aacute/acircumflex/atilde/adieresis/aring/ae/ccedilla/egrave/eacute /ecircumflex/edieresis/igrave/iacute/icircumflex/idieresis/eth/ntilde/ograve /oacute/ocircumflex/otilde/odieresis/divide/oslash/ugrave/uacute/ucircumflex /udieresis/yacute/thorn/ydieresis]def/Times-Italic@0 ENC0/Times-Italic RE /Times-Bold@0 ENC0/Times-Bold RE/Times-Roman@0 ENC0/Times-Roman RE %%EndProlog %%Page: 1 1 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\))-.35 E /F1 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -.18(NA)72 84 S(ME).18 E F0(bash \255 GNU Bourne\255Ag) 108 96 Q(ain SHell)-.05 E F1(SYNOPSIS)72 112.8 Q/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(bash)108 124.8 Q F0([options] [\214le])2.5 E F1(COPYRIGHT)72 141.6 Q F0(Bash is Cop)108 153.6 Q(yright \251 1989, 1991 by the Free Softw)-.1 E(are F)-.1 E (oundation, Inc.)-.15 E F1(DESCRIPTION)72 170.4 Q F2(Bash)108 182.4 Q F0 .796 (is an)3.296 F F2(sh)3.296 E F0 .795 (\255compatible command language interpreter that e)B -.15(xe)-.15 G .795 (cutes commands read from the standard).15 F(input or from a \214le.)108 194.4 Q F2(Bash)5 E F0(also incorporates useful features from the)2.5 E/F3 10 /Times-Italic@0 SF -.4(Ko)2.5 G(rn).4 E F0(and)2.5 E F3(C)2.5 E F0(shells \() 2.5 E F2(ksh)A F0(and)2.5 E F2(csh)2.5 E F0(\).)A F2(Bash)108 211.2 Q F0 .488(\ is ultimately intended to be a conformant implementation of the IEEE Posix She\ ll and T)2.988 F .489(ools speci\214-)-.8 F(cation \(IEEE W)108 223.2 Q (orking Group 1003.2\).)-.8 E F1(OPTIONS)72 240 Q F0 .366(In addition to the s\ ingle\255character shell options documented in the description of the)108 252 R F2(set)2.866 E F0 -.2(bu)2.866 G .366(iltin command,).2 F F2(bash)108 264 Q F0 (interprets the follo)2.5 E(wing \215ags when it is in)-.25 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1 (ke).2 G(d:).1 E F2108 280.8 Q F3(string)4.166 E F0 .504(If the)158 280.8 R F23.004 E F0 .505(\215ag is present, then commands are read from)3.004 F F3(string)3.005 E F0 5.505(.I).22 G 3.005(ft)417.425 280.8 S .505 (here are ar)426.54 280.8 R .505(guments after the)-.18 F F3(string)158 292.8 Q F0 2.5(,t).22 G(he)189.34 292.8 Q 2.5(ya)-.15 G (re assigned to the positional parameters, starting with)210.57 292.8 Q F2($0) 2.5 E F0(.)A F2108 304.8 Q F0(If the)158 304.8 Q F22.5 E F0 (\215ag is present, the shell is)2.5 E F3(inter)2.5 E(active)-.15 E F0(.).18 E F2108 316.8 Q F0 .305(If the)158 316.8 R F22.805 E F0 .305 (\215ag is present, or if no ar)2.805 F .305 (guments remain after option processing, then commands are)-.18 F 1.711 (read from the standard input.)158 328.8 R 1.711(This option allo)6.711 F 1.712 (ws the positional parameters to be set when)-.25 F(in)158 340.8 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G (king an interacti).2 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hell.).15 E F2108 352.8 Q F0 3.373(As)158 352.8 S(ingle)172.483 352.8 Q F23.373 E F0 .873 (signals the end of options and disables further option processing.)3.373 F(An) 5.872 E 3.372(ya)-.15 G -.18(rg)502.96 352.8 S(uments).18 E .044(after the)158 364.8 R F22.544 E F0 .044(are treated as \214lenames and ar)2.544 F 2.544 (guments. An)-.18 F(ar)2.544 E .044(gument of)-.18 F F22.544 E F0 .044 (is equi)2.544 F -.25(va)-.25 G .045(lent to an ar).25 F(gu-)-.18 E(ment of)158 376.8 Q F22.5 E F0(.)A F2(Bash)108 393.6 Q F0 .15 (also interprets a number of multi\255character options.)2.65 F .149 (These options must appear on the command line)5.149 F (before the single\255character options to be recognized.)108 405.6 Q F2 (\255nor)108 422.4 Q(c)-.18 E F0 .282(Do not read and e)158 422.4 R -.15(xe) -.15 G .282(cute the personal initialization \214le).15 F F3(~/.bashr)2.782 E (c)-.37 E F0 .282(if the shell is interacti)2.782 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 5.282(.T).15 G(his)528.33 422.4 Q(option is on by def)158 434.4 Q(ault if the shell is in) -.1 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.5(da).1 G(s)342.75 434.4 Q F2(sh)2.5 E F0(.)A F2(\255nopr)108 446.4 Q(o\214le)-.18 E F0 .223 (Do not read either the system\255wide startup \214le)6.14 F F3(/etc/pr)4.389 E (o\214le)-.45 E F0 .223(or an)4.389 F 2.722(yo)-.15 G 2.722(ft)431.844 446.4 S .222(he personal initialization)440.676 446.4 R(\214les)158 458.4 Q F3 (~/.bash_pr)4.066 E(o\214le)-.45 E F0(,).18 E F3(~/.bash_lo)4.066 E(gin)-.1 E F0 4.066(,o).24 G(r)308.408 458.4 Q F3(~/.pr)4.066 E(o\214le)-.45 E F0 6.566 (.B).18 G 4.066(yd)365.99 458.4 S(ef)380.056 458.4 Q(ault,)-.1 E F2(bash)4.066 E F0 1.567(normally reads these \214les)4.067 F(when it is in)158 470.4 Q -.2 (vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.5(da).1 G 2.5(sal)237.85 470.4 S(ogin shell \(see) 253.96 470.4 Q F1(INV)2.5 E(OCA)-.405 E(TION)-.855 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E F2108 482.4 Q(c\214le)-.18 E F3(\214le)2.5 E F0(Ex)8.1 E .452 (ecute commands from)-.15 F F3(\214le)2.952 E F0 .452 (instead of the standard personal initialization \214le)2.952 F F3(~/.bashr) 2.951 E(c)-.37 E F0 2.951(,i).31 G 2.951(ft)521.499 482.4 S(he)530.56 482.4 Q (shell is interacti)158 494.4 Q .3 -.15(ve \()-.25 H(see).15 E F1(INV)2.5 E (OCA)-.405 E(TION)-.855 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E F2108 506.4 Q (ersion)-.1 E F0(Sho)158 506.4 Q 2.5(wt)-.25 G(he v)185.81 506.4 Q (ersion number of this instance of)-.15 E F2(bash)2.5 E F0(when starting.)2.5 E F2(\255quiet)108 518.4 Q F0 .71(Do not be v)158 518.4 R .71 (erbose when starting up \(do not sho)-.15 F 3.21(wt)-.25 G .71(he shell v) 366.9 518.4 R .71(ersion or an)-.15 F 3.21(yo)-.15 G .71(ther information\).) 468.19 518.4 R(This is the def)158 530.4 Q(ault.)-.1 E F2(\255login)108 542.4 Q F0(Mak)158 542.4 Q(e)-.1 E F2(bash)2.5 E F0(act as if it had been in)2.5 E -.2 (vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.5(da).1 G 2.5(sal)324.12 542.4 S(ogin shell.)340.23 542.4 Q F2(\255nobraceexpansion)108 554.4 Q F0(Do not perform curly brace e)158 566.4 Q(xpansion \(see)-.15 E F2(Brace Expansion)2.5 E F0(belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F2(\255nolineediting)108 578.4 Q F0(Do not use the GNU)158 590.4 Q F3 -.37 (re)2.5 G(adline).37 E F0(library to read command lines if interacti)2.5 E -.15 (ve)-.25 G(.).15 E F2(\255posix)108 602.4 Q F0 1.001(Change the beha)158 602.4 R 1.001(vior of bash where the def)-.2 F 1.001(ault operation dif)-.1 F 1 (fers from the Posix 1003.2 stan-)-.25 F(dard to match the standard)158 614.4 Q F1(ARGUMENTS)72 631.2 Q F0 .016(If ar)108 643.2 R .016 (guments remain after option processing, and neither the)-.18 F F22.516 E F0 .016(nor the)2.516 F F22.516 E F0 .016 (option has been supplied, the \214rst)2.516 F(ar)108 655.2 Q .041 (gument is assumed to be the name of a \214le containing shell commands.)-.18 F (If)5.041 E F2(bash)2.541 E F0 .041(is in)2.541 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.541(di).1 G 2.541(nt)483.628 655.2 S .041(his f)493.949 655.2 R(ashion,)-.1 E F2($0)108 667.2 Q F0 .936(is set to the name of the \214le, and the positional\ parameters are set to the remaining ar)3.435 F(guments.)-.18 E F2(Bash)5.936 E F0 .225(reads and e)108 679.2 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .224 (cutes commands from this \214le, then e).15 F(xits.)-.15 E F2(Bash')5.224 E(s) -.37 E F0 -.15(ex)2.724 G .224(it status is the e).15 F .224 (xit status of the last com-)-.15 F(mand e)108 691.2 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G (cuted in the script.).15 E 186.79(GNU 1994)72 768 R(Dec 6)2.5 E(1)535 768 Q EP %%Page: 2 2 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\))-.35 E /F1 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(DEFINITIONS)72 84 Q/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(blank)108 96 Q F0 2.5(As)144 96 S(pace or tab)157.61 96 Q(.)-.4 E F2 -.1(wo)108 108 S(rd).1 E F0 2.5(As)144 108 S (equence of characters considered as a single unit by the shell.)157.61 108 Q (Also kno)5 E(wn as a)-.25 E F2(tok)2.5 E(en)-.1 E F0(.)A F2(name)108 120 Q F0 (A)144 120 Q/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(wor)2.75 E(d)-.37 E F0 .251 (consisting only of alphanumeric characters and underscores, and be)2.75 F .251 (ginning with an alpha-)-.15 F(betic character or an underscore.)144 132 Q (Also referred to as an)5 E F2(identi\214er)2.5 E F0(.)A F2(metacharacter)108 144 Q F0 2.5(Ac)144 156 S(haracter that, when unquoted, separates w)158.16 156 Q 2.5(ords. One)-.1 F(of the follo)2.5 E(wing:)-.25 E F2 5(|&;\(\)<>s)144 168 S 2.5(pace tab)214.81 168 R(contr)108 180 Q(ol operator)-.18 E F0(A)144 192 Q F3 (tok)2.5 E(en)-.1 E F0(that performs a control function.)2.5 E (It is one of the follo)5 E(wing symbols:)-.25 E/F4 10/Symbol SF 1.666144 204 S F2 5(&&)3.334 G 5(&;;)182.206 204 S 5(;\(\)|<)207.196 204 S(newline>) 245.086 204 Q F1(RESER)72 220.8 Q(VED W)-.495 E(ORDS)-.09 E F3 .307 (Reserved wor)108 232.8 R(ds)-.37 E F0 .307(are w)2.807 F .307(ords that ha)-.1 F .607 -.15(ve a s)-.2 H .306(pecial meaning to the shell.).15 F .306 (The follo)5.306 F .306(wing w)-.25 F .306(ords are recognized as)-.1 F(reserv) 108 244.8 Q .227(ed when unquoted and either the \214rst w)-.15 F .227 (ord of a simple command \(see)-.1 F F1 .227(SHELL GRAMMAR)2.727 F F0(belo) 2.477 E .227(w\) or)-.25 F(the third w)108 256.8 Q(ord of a)-.1 E F2(case)2.5 E F0(or)2.5 E F2 -.25(fo)2.5 G(r).25 E F0(command:)2.5 E F2 11.916(!c)144 273.6 S 9.416(ase do done elif else esac \214 f)163.686 273.6 R 9.415 (or function if in select then until)-.25 F 7.5(while { })144 285.6 R F1 (SHELL GRAMMAR)72 302.4 Q F2(Simple Commands)87 314.4 Q F0(A)108 326.4 Q F3 .383(simple command)2.883 F F0 .383(is a sequence of optional v)2.883 F .384 (ariable assignments follo)-.25 F .384(wed by)-.25 F F3(blank)2.884 E F0 .384 (\255separated w)B .384(ords and)-.1 F .816(redirections, and terminated by a) 108 338.4 R F3(contr)3.316 E .815(ol oper)-.45 F(ator)-.15 E F0 5.815(.T)C .815 (he \214rst w)326.97 338.4 R .815(ord speci\214es the command to be e)-.1 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted.).15 E(The remaining w)108 350.4 Q(ords are passed as ar) -.1 E(guments to the in)-.18 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.5(dc).1 G(ommand.) 358.08 350.4 Q .175(The return v)108 367.2 R .175(alue of a)-.25 F F3 .175 (simple command)2.675 F F0 .175(is its e)2.675 F .175(xit status, or 128+)-.15 F F3(n)A F0 .176(if the command is terminated by signal)3.508 F F3(n)2.676 E F0 (.).24 E F2(Pipelines)87 384 Q F0(A)108 396 Q F3(pipeline)2.92 E F0 .42 (is a sequence of one or more commands separated by the character)2.92 F F2(|) 2.919 E F0 5.419(.T)C .419(he format for a pipeline)443.904 396 R(is:)108 408 Q 2.5([!])144 424.8 S F3(command)A F0([)2.5 E F2(|)2.5 E F3(command2)2.5 E F0 (... ])2.5 E .418(The standard output of)108 441.6 R F3(command)2.918 E F0 .418 (is connected to the standard input of)2.918 F F3(command2)2.918 E F0 5.418(.T) .02 G .419(his connection is per)453.124 441.6 R(-)-.2 E(formed before an)108 453.6 Q 2.5(yr)-.15 G(edirections speci\214ed by the command \(see)187.54 453.6 Q F1(REDIRECTION)2.5 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E .238(If the reserv)108 470.4 R .238(ed w)-.15 F(ord)-.1 E F2(!)2.737 E F0 .237(precedes a pipeline, the e) 5.237 F .237(xit status of that pipeline is the logical NO)-.15 F 2.737(To)-.4 G 2.737(ft)486.949 470.4 S .237(he e)495.796 470.4 R .237(xit sta-)-.15 F .612 (tus of the last command.)108 482.4 R .612 (Otherwise, the status of the pipeline is the e)5.612 F .612 (xit status of the last command.)-.15 F(The)5.613 E(shell w)108 494.4 Q (aits for all commands in the pipeline to terminate before returning a v)-.1 E (alue.)-.25 E(Each command in a pipeline is e)108 511.2 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G (cuted as a separate process \(i.e., in a subshell\).).15 E F2(Lists)87 528 Q F0(A)108 540 Q F3(list)2.727 E F0 .227 (is a sequence of one or more pipelines separated by one of the operators)2.727 F F2(;)2.727 E F0(,)A F2(&)2.727 E F0(,)A F2(&&)2.727 E F0 2.727(,o)C(r)475.563 540 Q F4 1.6662.727 G F0 2.727(,a)-1.666 G .227(nd termi-)502.833 540 R (nated by one of)108 552 Q F2(;)2.5 E F0(,)A F2(&)2.5 E F0 2.5(,o)C(r)199.09 552 Q F2()2.5 E F0(.)A .563(Of these list operators,)108 568.8 R F2 (&&)3.063 E F0(and)3.063 E F4 1.6663.063 G F0(ha)1.397 E .863 -.15(ve e) -.2 H .564(qual precedence, follo).15 F .564(wed by)-.25 F F2(;)3.064 E F0(and) 3.064 E F2(&,)3.064 E F0 .564(which ha)3.064 F .864 -.15(ve e)-.2 H .564 (qual prece-).15 F(dence.)108 580.8 Q .029 (If a command is terminated by the control operator)108 597.6 R F2(&)2.529 E F0 2.529(,t)C .029(he shell e)330.75 597.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .029 (cutes the command in the).15 F F3(bac)2.528 E(kgr)-.2 E(ound)-.45 E F0(in) 2.528 E 2.875(as)108 609.6 S 2.875(ubshell. The)119.205 609.6 R .375 (shell does not w)2.875 F .375 (ait for the command to \214nish, and the return status is 0.)-.1 F .376 (Commands sepa-)5.376 F .849(rated by a)108 621.6 R F2(;)3.349 E F0 .849(are e) 3.349 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .848(cuted sequentially; the shell w).15 F .848 (aits for each command to terminate in turn.)-.1 F .848(The return)5.848 F (status is the e)108 633.6 Q(xit status of the last command e)-.15 E -.15(xe) -.15 G(cuted.).15 E(The control operators)108 650.4 Q F2(&&)2.5 E F0(and)2.5 E F4 1.6662.5 G F0(denote AND lists and OR lists, respecti).834 E -.15(ve) -.25 G(ly).15 E 5(.A)-.65 G 2.5(nA)435.116 650.4 S(ND list has the form)449.836 650.4 Q F3(command)144 667.2 Q F2(&&)2.5 E F3(command2)2.5 E(command2)108 684 Q F0(is e)2.5 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted if, and only if,).15 E F3(command)2.5 E F0 (returns an e)2.5 E(xit status of zero.)-.15 E(An OR list has the form)108 700.8 Q F3(command)144 717.6 Q F4 1.6662.5 G F3(command2).834 E F0 186.79 (GNU 1994)72 768 R(Dec 6)2.5 E(2)535 768 Q EP %%Page: 3 3 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\))-.35 E /F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(command2)108 84 Q F0 .911(is e)3.411 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .911(cuted if and only if).15 F F1(command)3.412 E F0 .912 (returns a non\255zero e)3.412 F .912(xit status.)-.15 F .912 (The return status of AND)5.912 F(and OR lists is the e)108 96 Q (xit status of the last command e)-.15 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted in the list.).15 E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(Compound Commands)87 112.8 Q F0(A)108 124.8 Q F1 (compound command)2.5 E F0(is one of the follo)2.5 E(wing:)-.25 E(\()108 141.6 Q F1(list)A F0(\))A F1(list)144 141.6 Q F0 1.12(is e)3.62 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.12 (cuted in a subshell.).15 F -1.11(Va)6.119 G 1.119(riable assignments and b) 1.11 F 1.119(uiltin commands that af)-.2 F 1.119(fect the shell')-.25 F(s)-.55 E(en)144 153.6 Q 1.068(vironment do not remain in ef)-.4 F 1.069 (fect after the command completes.)-.25 F 1.069(The return status is the e) 6.069 F(xit)-.15 E(status of)144 165.6 Q F1(list)2.5 E F0(.)A({)108 182.4 Q F1 (list)2.5 E F0 2.5(;})C F1(list)3.89 E F0 .326(is simply e)2.826 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .326(cuted in the current shell en).15 F 2.826(vironment. This)-.4 F .325 (is kno)2.826 F .325(wn as a)-.25 F F1(gr)2.825 E .325(oup command)-.45 F F0 5.325(.T)C(he)530.56 182.4 Q(return status is the e)144 194.4 Q(xit status of) -.15 E F1(list)2.5 E F0(.)A F2 -.25(fo)108 211.2 S(r).25 E F1(name)2.5 E F0([) 2.5 E F2(in)2.5 E F1(wor)2.5 E(d)-.37 E F0 2.5(;])C F2(do)A F1(list)2.5 E F0(;) 2.5 E F2(done)2.5 E F0 .423(The list of w)144 223.2 R .423(ords follo)-.1 F (wing)-.25 E F2(in)2.923 E F0 .423(is e)2.923 F .423 (xpanded, generating a list of items.)-.15 F .424(The v)5.424 F(ariable)-.25 E F1(name)2.924 E F0 .424(is set to)2.924 F .653 (each element of this list in turn, and)144 235.2 R F1(list)3.153 E F0 .653 (is e)3.153 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .653(cuted each time.).15 F .653(If the)5.653 F F2 (in)3.153 E F1(wor)3.153 E(d)-.37 E F0 .653(is omitted, the)3.153 F F2 -.25(fo) 3.153 G(r).25 E F0(command e)144 247.2 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cutes).15 E F1(list)2.5 E F0(once for each positional parameter that is set \(see)2.5 E/F3 9 /Times-Bold@0 SF -.666(PA)2.5 G(RAMETERS).666 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E F2 (select)108 264 Q F1(name)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(in)2.5 E F1(wor)2.5 E(d)-.37 E F0 2.5(;])C F2(do)A F1(list)2.5 E F0(;)2.5 E F2(done)2.5 E F0 .432(The list of w) 144 276 R .432(ords follo)-.1 F(wing)-.25 E F2(in)2.932 E F0 .432(is e)2.932 F .432(xpanded, generating a list of items.)-.15 F .433(The set of e)5.433 F .433 (xpanded w)-.15 F(ords)-.1 E .843(is printed on the standard error)144 288 R 3.342(,e)-.4 G .842(ach preceded by a number)281.126 288 R 5.842(.I)-.55 G 3.342(ft)400.576 288 S(he)410.028 288 Q F2(in)3.342 E F1(wor)3.342 E(d)-.37 E F0 .842(is omitted, the posi-)3.342 F .064(tional parameters are printed \(see) 144 300 R F3 -.666(PA)2.564 G(RAMETERS).666 E F0(belo)2.314 E 2.564(w\). The) -.25 F F2(PS3)2.564 E F0 .064(prompt is then displayed and a)2.564 F .798 (line read from the standard input.)144 312 R .797 (If the line consists of the number corresponding to one of the)5.798 F .951 (displayed w)144 324 R .951(ords, then the v)-.1 F .951(alue of)-.25 F F1(name) 3.451 E F0 .952(is set to that w)3.451 F 3.452(ord. If)-.1 F .952 (the line is empty)3.452 F 3.452(,t)-.65 G .952(he w)484.876 324 R .952 (ords and)-.1 F .066(prompt are displayed ag)144 336 R 2.566(ain. If)-.05 F .065(EOF is read, the command completes.)2.566 F(An)5.065 E 2.565(yo)-.15 G .065(ther v)452.035 336 R .065(alue read causes)-.25 F F1(name)144 348 Q F0 .809(to be set to null.)3.309 F .809(The line read is sa)5.809 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.31(di).15 G 3.31(nt)338.36 348 S .81(he v)349.45 348 R(ariable)-.25 E F2 (REPL)3.31 E(Y)-.92 E F0 5.81(.T)C(he)444.86 348 Q F1(list)3.31 E F0 .81(is e) 3.31 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .81(cuted after).15 F .667(each selection until a)144 360 R F2(br)3.167 E(eak)-.18 E F0(or)3.167 E F2 -.18(re)3.167 G(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E F0 .667(command is e)3.167 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.167(cuted. The).15 F -.15(ex) 3.167 G .667(it status of).15 F F2(select)3.167 E F0 .667(is the e)3.167 F(xit) -.15 E(status of the last command e)144 372 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted in).15 E F1 (list)2.5 E F0 2.5(,o).68 G 2.5(rz)324.09 372 S(ero if no commands were e) 334.36 372 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted.).15 E F2(case)108 388.8 Q F1(wor)2.5 E(d) -.37 E F2(in)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F1(pattern)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(|)2.5 E F1 (pattern)2.5 E F0 2.5(].)2.5 G(.. \))249.27 388.8 Q F1(list)2.5 E F0(;; ] ...) 2.5 E F2(esac)2.5 E F0(A)144 400.8 Q F2(case)3.264 E F0 .764(command \214rst e) 3.264 F(xpands)-.15 E F1(wor)3.264 E(d)-.37 E F0 3.264(,a)C .764 (nd tries to match it ag)303.324 400.8 R .764(ainst each)-.05 F F1(pattern) 3.264 E F0 .765(in turn, using the)3.264 F 2.028 (same matching rules as for pathname e)144 412.8 R 2.027(xpansion \(see)-.15 F F2 -.1(Pa)4.527 G 2.027(thname Expansion).1 F F0(belo)4.527 E 4.527(w\). When) -.25 F(a)4.527 E .89(match is found, the corresponding)144 424.8 R F1(list)3.39 E F0 .89(is e)3.39 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.39(cuted. After).15 F .89 (the \214rst match, no subsequent matches)3.39 F .308(are attempted.)144 436.8 R .308(The e)5.308 F .307(xit status is zero if no patterns are matches.)-.15 F .307(Otherwise, it is the e)5.307 F .307(xit status of)-.15 F (the last command e)144 448.8 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted in).15 E F1(list)2.5 E F0 (.)A F2(if)108 465.6 Q F1(list)2.5 E F2(then)2.5 E F1(list)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2 (elif)2.5 E F1(list)2.5 E F2(then)2.5 E F1(list)2.5 E F0 2.5(].)2.5 G(.. [) 248.3 465.6 Q F2(else)2.5 E F1(list)2.5 E F0(])2.5 E F2<8c>2.5 E F0(The)144 477.6 Q F2(if)2.534 E F1(list)2.534 E F0 .034(is e)2.534 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.534 (cuted. If).15 F .034(its e)2.534 F .034(xit status is zero, the)-.15 F F2 (then)2.534 E F1(list)2.534 E F0 .034(is e)2.534 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.534 (cuted. Otherwise,).15 F(each)2.534 E F2(elif)2.534 E F1(list)2.534 E F0(is) 2.534 E -.15(exe)144 489.6 S .316(cuted in turn, and if its e).15 F .316 (xit status is zero, the corresponding)-.15 F F2(then)2.816 E F1(list)2.816 E F0 .316(is e)2.816 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .316(cuted and the com-).15 F .658 (mand completes.)144 501.6 R .658(Otherwise, the)5.658 F F2(else)3.158 E F1 (list)3.158 E F0 .658(is e)3.158 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .658(cuted, if present.).15 F .658(The e)5.658 F .658(xit status is the e)-.15 F .659(xit status)-.15 F (of the last command e)144 513.6 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G (cuted, or zero if no condition tested true.).15 E F2(while)108 530.4 Q F1 (list)2.5 E F2(do)2.5 E F1(list)2.5 E F2(done)2.5 E(until)108 542.4 Q F1(list) 2.5 E F2(do)2.5 E F1(list)2.5 E F2(done)2.5 E F0(The)144 554.4 Q F2(while)3.104 E F0 .603(command continuously e)3.104 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .603(cutes the).15 F F2 (do)3.103 E F1(list)3.103 E F0 .603(as long as the last command in)3.103 F F1 (list)3.103 E F0(returns)3.103 E .47(an e)144 566.4 R .47(xit status of zero.) -.15 F(The)5.47 E F2(until)2.97 E F0 .471(command is identical to the)2.97 F F2 (while)2.971 E F0 .471(command, e)2.971 F .471(xcept that the test)-.15 F .055 (is ne)144 578.4 R -.05(ga)-.15 G .055(ted; the).05 F F2(do)2.555 E F1(list) 2.555 E F0 .055(is e)2.555 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .055 (cuted as long as the last command in).15 F F1(list)2.555 E F0 .054 (returns a non\255zero e)2.554 F .054(xit status.)-.15 F 1.306(The e)144 590.4 R 1.306(xit status of the)-.15 F F2(while)3.806 E F0(and)3.806 E F2(until)3.807 E F0 1.307(commands is the e)3.807 F 1.307(xit status of the last)-.15 F F2(do) 3.807 E F1(list)3.807 E F0(command)3.807 E -.15(exe)144 602.4 S (cuted, or zero if none w).15 E(as e)-.1 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted.).15 E([)108 619.2 Q F2(function)2.5 E F0(])2.5 E F1(name)2.5 E F0(\(\) {)2.5 E F1(list)2.5 E F0 2.5(;})C .385(This de\214nes a function named)144 631.2 R F1(name)2.884 E F0 5.384(.T)C(he)304.616 631.2 Q F1(body)2.884 E F0 .384 (of the function is the)2.884 F F1(list)2.884 E F0 .384(of commands between {) 2.884 F .785(and }.)144 643.2 R .785(This list is e)5.785 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .785 (cuted whene).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(r).15 E F1(name)3.285 E F0 .785 (is speci\214ed as the name of a simple command.)3.285 F(The)5.786 E -.15(ex) 144 655.2 S .64(it status of a function is the e).15 F .64 (xit status of the last command e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .64(cuted in the body) .15 F 5.64(.\()-.65 G(See)494.43 655.2 Q F3(FUNC-)3.14 E(TIONS)144 667.2 Q F0 (belo)2.25 E -.65(w.)-.25 G(\)).65 E F3(COMMENTS)72 684 Q F0 .785 (In a non\255interacti)108 696 R 1.085 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .785 (hell, or an interacti).15 F 1.086 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .786(hell in which the).15 F F2 .786(-o interacti)3.286 F -.1(ve)-.1 G(\255comments).1 E F0 .786 (option to the)3.286 F F2(set)3.286 E F0 -.2(bu)108 708 S .343 (iltin is enabled, a w).2 F .342(ord be)-.1 F .342(ginning with)-.15 F F2(#) 2.842 E F0 .342(causes that w)2.842 F .342 (ord and all remaining characters on that line to be)-.1 F 5.693(ignored. An) 108 720 R(interacti)5.693 E 3.493 -.15(ve s)-.25 H 3.193(hell without the).15 F F2 3.193(-o interacti)5.693 F -.1(ve)-.1 G(\255comments).1 E F0 3.194 (option enabled does not allo)5.693 F(w)-.25 E 186.79(GNU 1994)72 768 R(Dec 6) 2.5 E(3)535 768 Q EP %%Page: 4 4 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\))-.35 E (comments.)108 84 Q/F1 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -.09(QU)72 100.8 S -.36(OT).09 G(ING) .36 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(Quoting)108 112.8 Q F0 .478(is used to remo)2.978 F .777 -.15(ve t)-.15 H .477(he special meaning of certain characters or w).15 F .477(ords to the shell.)-.1 F .477(Quoting can be)5.477 F .184 (used to disable special treatment for special characters, to pre)108 124.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G .185(nt reserv).15 F .185(ed w)-.15 F .185 (ords from being recognized as)-.1 F(such, and to pre)108 136.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(nt parameter e).15 E(xpansion.)-.15 E .289(Each of the)108 153.6 R F2(metac) 2.789 E(har)-.15 E(acter)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 .288(listed abo)2.789 F .588 -.15 (ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1(DEFINITIONS)2.788 E F0 .288 (has special meaning to the shell and must be)2.538 F .242(quoted if the)108 165.6 R 2.742(ya)-.15 G .242(re to represent themselv)171.066 165.6 R 2.742 (es. There)-.15 F .242(are three quoting mechanisms: the)2.742 F F2 .242 (escape c)2.742 F(har)-.15 E(acter)-.15 E F0 2.742(,s).73 G(in-)528.89 165.6 Q (gle quotes, and double quotes.)108 177.6 Q 2.975(An)108 194.4 S .475 (on-quoted backslash \()123.195 194.4 R/F3 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(\\)A F0 2.974 (\)i)C 2.974(st)223.768 194.4 S(he)233.412 194.4 Q F2 .474(escape c)2.974 F (har)-.15 E(acter)-.15 E F0 5.474(.I).73 G 2.974(tp)326.624 194.4 S(reserv) 337.378 194.4 Q .474(es the literal v)-.15 F .474(alue of the ne)-.25 F .474 (xt character that)-.15 F(follo)108 206.4 Q .024(ws, with the e)-.25 F .024 (xception of . If)-.25 F(a)2.524 E F3(\\)2.524 E F0( pair appears, and the backslash is not quoted, the)-.25 F F3(\\) 108 218.4 Q F0( is treated as a line continuation \(that is, it is ef)-.25 E(fecti)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly ignored\).).15 E .295 (Enclosing characters in single quotes preserv)108 235.2 R .295 (es the literal v)-.15 F .295(alue of each character within the quotes.)-.25 F 2.795(As)5.295 G(in-)528.89 235.2 Q (gle quote may not occur between single quotes, e)108 247.2 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(nw).15 G(hen preceded by a backslash.)328.67 247.2 Q .033 (Enclosing characters in double quotes preserv)108 264 R .034(es the literal v) -.15 F .034(alue of all characters within the quotes, with the)-.25 F -.15(ex) 108 276 S 1.267(ception of).15 F F3($)3.767 E F0(,)A F3(`)3.766 E F0 3.766(,a)C (nd)187.896 276 Q F3(\\)3.766 E F0 6.266(.T)C 1.266(he characters)219.318 276 R F3($)3.766 E F0(and)3.766 E F3(`)3.766 E F0 1.266 (retain their special meaning within double quotes.)3.766 F(The)6.266 E .637 (backslash retains its special meaning only when follo)108 288 R .637 (wed by one of the follo)-.25 F .637(wing characters:)-.25 F F3($)3.137 E F0(,) A F3(`)3.137 E F0(,)A F3(")3.97 E F0(,).833 E F3(\\)3.137 E F0 3.137(,o)C(r) 536.67 288 Q F3()108 300 Q F0 5(.A)C(double quote may be quoted withi\ n double quotes by preceding it with a backslash.)169.4 300 Q (The special parameters)108 316.8 Q F3(*)2.5 E F0(and)2.5 E F3(@)2.5 E F0(ha) 2.5 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.2 H(pecial meaning when in double quotes \(see).15 E F1 -.666(PA)2.5 G(RAMETERS).666 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E F1 -.666(PA)72 333.6 S(RAMETERS).666 E F0(A)108 345.6 Q F2(par)3.334 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .833 (is an entity that stores v)3.334 F .833(alues, some)-.25 F .833(what lik)-.25 F 3.333(eav)-.1 G .833(ariable in a con)362.805 345.6 R -.15(ve)-.4 G .833 (ntional programming lan-).15 F 2.51(guage. It)108 357.6 R .01(can be a)2.51 F F2(name)2.51 E F0 2.51(,an).18 G(umber)222.1 357.6 Q 2.51(,o)-.4 G 2.511(ro) 257.26 357.6 S .011(ne of the special characters listed belo)268.101 357.6 R 2.511(wu)-.25 G(nder)434.828 357.6 Q F3 .011(Special P)2.511 F(arameters)-.1 E F0(.)A -.15(Fo)108 369.6 S 2.5(rt).15 G(he shell')127.02 369.6 Q 2.5(sp)-.55 G (urposes, a)172.02 369.6 Q F2(variable)2.5 E F0(is a parameter denoted by a)2.5 E F2(name)2.5 E F0(.).18 E 2.755(Ap)108 386.4 S .255 (arameter is set if it has been assigned a v)122.975 386.4 R 2.754(alue. The) -.25 F .254(null string is a v)2.754 F .254(alid v)-.25 F 2.754(alue. Once)-.25 F 2.754(av)2.754 G .254(ariable is set, it)478.688 386.4 R (may be unset only by using the)108 398.4 Q F3(unset)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G (iltin command \(see).2 E F1(SHELL B)2.5 E(UIL)-.09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F0 (belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E(A)108 415.2 Q F2(variable)2.5 E F0 (may be assigned to by a statement of the form)2.5 E F2(name)144 432 Q F0(=[)A F2(value)A F0(])A(If)108 448.8 Q F2(value)2.792 E F0 .293(is not gi)2.793 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .293(n, the v).15 F .293(ariable is assigned the null string.) -.25 F(All)5.293 E F2(values)2.793 E F0(under)2.793 E .293(go tilde e)-.18 F .293(xpansion, parameter)-.15 F 1.314(and v)108 460.8 R 1.314(ariable e)-.25 F 1.314(xpansion, command substitution, arithmetic e)-.15 F 1.313 (xpansion, and quote remo)-.15 F -.25(va)-.15 G 3.813(l. If).25 F 1.313(the v) 3.813 F(ariable)-.25 E .432(has its)108 472.8 R F32.932 E F0(attrib)2.932 E .432(ute set \(see)-.2 F F3(declar)2.932 E(e)-.18 E F0(belo)2.932 E 2.932(wi) -.25 G(n)280.946 472.8 Q F1 .432(SHELL B)2.932 F(UIL)-.09 E .432(TIN COMMANDS) -.828 F/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(\))A F0(then)2.682 E F2(value)2.933 E F0 .433 (is subject to arith-)2.933 F .455(metic e)108 484.8 R .455(xpansion e)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.955(ni).15 G 2.955(ft)200.745 484.8 S .455 (he $[...] syntax does not appear)209.81 484.8 R 5.455(.W)-.55 G .454 (ord splitting is not performed, with the e)353.1 484.8 R(xcep-)-.15 E(tion of) 108 496.8 Q F3("$@")2.5 E F0(as e)2.5 E(xplained belo)-.15 E 2.5(wu)-.25 G (nder)248.54 496.8 Q F3(Special P)2.5 E(arameters)-.1 E F0 5(.P)C(athname e) 364.1 496.8 Q(xpansion is not performed.)-.15 E F3 -.2(Po)87 513.6 S (sitional P).2 E(arameters)-.1 E F0(A)108 525.6 Q F2 .815(positional par)3.315 F(ameter)-.15 E F0 .816 (is a parameter denoted by one or more digits, other than the single digit 0.) 3.315 F(Posi-)5.816 E .445(tional parameters are assigned from the shell')108 537.6 R 2.944(sa)-.55 G -.18(rg)303.574 537.6 S .444(uments when it is in).18 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G .444(d, and may be reassigned using).1 F(the)108 549.6 Q F3(set)3.333 E F0 -.2(bu)3.333 G .833(iltin command.).2 F .834 (Positional parameters may not be assigned to with assignment statements.)5.833 F(The)5.834 E .334 (positional parameters are temporarily replaced when a shell function is e)108 561.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .333(cuted \(see).15 F F1(FUNCTIONS)2.833 E F0(belo) 2.583 E(w\).)-.25 E 1.403 (When a positional parameter consisting of more than a single digit is e)108 578.4 R 1.404(xpanded, it must be enclosed in)-.15 F(braces \(see)108 590.4 Q F1(EXP)2.5 E(ANSION)-.666 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E F3(Special P)87 607.2 Q (arameters)-.1 E F0 1.675(The shell treats se)108 619.2 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.675 (ral parameters specially).15 F 6.675(.T)-.65 G 1.674 (hese parameters may only be referenced; assignment to)306.95 619.2 R (them is not allo)108 631.2 Q(wed.)-.25 E F3(*)108 643.2 Q F0 .605 (Expands to the positional parameters, starting from one.)144 643.2 R .606 (When the e)5.605 F .606(xpansion occurs within dou-)-.15 F .084 (ble quotes, it e)144 655.2 R .084(xpands to a single w)-.15 F .084 (ord with the v)-.1 F .084 (alue of each parameter separated by the \214rst char)-.25 F(-)-.2 E .943 (acter of the)144 667.2 R F1(IFS)3.444 E F0 .944(special v)3.194 F 3.444 (ariable. That)-.25 F .944(is, `)3.444 F(`)-.74 E F3($*)A F0 2.424 -.74('' i)D 3.444(se).74 G(qui)357.352 667.2 Q -.25(va)-.25 G .944(lent to `).25 F(`)-.74 E F3($1)A F2(c)A F3($2)A F2(c)A F3(...)A F0 -.74('')C 3.444(,w).74 G(here)470.124 667.2 Q F2(c)3.444 E F0 .944(is the \214rst)3.444 F .583(character of the v)144 679.2 R .583(alue of the)-.25 F F1(IFS)3.083 E F0 -.25(va)2.833 G 3.083 (riable. If).25 F F1(IFS)3.083 E F0 .583 (is null or unset, the parameters are separated by)2.833 F(spaces.)144 691.2 Q F3(@)108 703.2 Q F0 .605 (Expands to the positional parameters, starting from one.)144 703.2 R .606 (When the e)5.605 F .606(xpansion occurs within dou-)-.15 F 1.387 (ble quotes, each parameter e)144 715.2 R 1.386(xpands as a separate w)-.15 F 3.886(ord. That)-.1 F 1.386(is, `)3.886 F(`)-.74 E F3($@)3.886 E F0 2.866 -.74 ('' i)D 3.886(se).74 G(qui)465.888 715.2 Q -.25(va)-.25 G 1.386(lent to `).25 F (`)-.74 E F3($1)A F0 -.74('')C -.74(``)144 727.2 S F3($2).74 E F0 1.666 -.74 ('' .)D 2.686(.. When).74 F .186(there are no positional parameters, `)2.686 F (`)-.74 E F3($@)A F0 1.666 -.74('' a)D(nd).74 E F3($@)2.686 E F0 -.15(ex)2.686 G .187(pand to nothing \(i.e., the).15 F 2.687(ya)-.15 G(re)532.23 727.2 Q 186.79(GNU 1994)72 768 R(Dec 6)2.5 E(4)535 768 Q EP %%Page: 5 5 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\))-.35 E (remo)144 84 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G(d\).).15 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(#)108 96 Q F0 (Expands to the number of positional parameters in decimal.)144 96 Q F1(?)108 108 Q F0(Expands to the status of the most recently e)144 108 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G (cuted fore).15 E(ground pipeline.)-.15 E F1108 120 Q F0 .882 (Expands to the current option \215ags as speci\214ed upon in)144 120 R -.2(vo) -.4 G .881(cation, by the).2 F F1(set)3.381 E F0 -.2(bu)3.381 G .881 (iltin command, or).2 F(those set by the shell itself \(such as the)144 132 Q F12.5 E F0(\215ag\).)2.5 E F1($)108 144 Q F0 .214 (Expands to the process ID of the shell.)144 144 R .214 (In a \(\) subshell, it e)5.214 F .214(xpands to the process ID of the current) -.15 F(shell, not the subshell.)144 156 Q F1(!)108 168 Q F0 (Expands to the process ID of the most recently e)144 168 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G (cuted background \(asynchronous\) command.).15 E F1(0)108 180 Q F0 1.692 (Expands to the name of the shell or shell script.)144 180 R 1.691 (This is set at shell initialization.)6.692 F(If)6.691 E F1(bash)4.191 E F0(is) 4.191 E(in)144 192 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.077(dw).1 G .577 (ith a \214le of commands,)185.817 192 R F1($0)3.077 E F0 .578 (is set to the name of that \214le.)3.077 F(If)5.578 E F1(bash)3.078 E F0 .578 (is started with the)3.078 F F13.078 E F0 .369(option, then)144 204 R F1 ($0)2.869 E F0 .369(is set to the \214rst ar)2.869 F .369 (gument after the string to be e)-.18 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .369 (cuted, if one is present.).15 F(Other)5.368 E(-)-.2 E (wise, it is set to the pathname used to in)144 216 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G F1(bash)2.6 E F0 2.5(,a)C 2.5(sg)354.13 216 S -2.15 -.25(iv e)365.52 216 T 2.5 (nb).25 G 2.5(ya)389.84 216 S -.18(rg)401.78 216 S(ument zero.).18 E F1(_)108 228 Q F0 .361(Expands to the last ar)144 228 R .362(gument to the pre)-.18 F .362(vious command, after e)-.25 F 2.862(xpansion. Also)-.15 F .362 (set to the full path-)2.862 F(name of each command e)144 240 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G (cuted and placed in the en).15 E(vironment e)-.4 E(xported to that command.) -.15 E F1(Shell V)87 256.8 Q(ariables)-.92 E F0(The follo)108 268.8 Q(wing v) -.25 E(ariables are set by the shell:)-.25 E F1(PPID)108 285.6 Q F0 (The process ID of the shell')144 285.6 Q 2.5(sp)-.55 G(arent.)266.2 285.6 Q F1 (PWD)108 297.6 Q F0(The current w)144 297.6 Q(orking directory as set by the) -.1 E F1(cd)2.5 E F0(command.)2.5 E F1(OLDPWD)108 309.6 Q F0(The pre)144 321.6 Q(vious w)-.25 E(orking directory as set by the)-.1 E F1(cd)2.5 E F0(command.) 2.5 E F1(REPL)108 333.6 Q(Y)-.92 E F0(Set to the line of input read by the)144 345.6 Q F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(ad).18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin command when no ar).2 E (guments are supplied.)-.18 E F1(UID)108 357.6 Q F0 (Expands to the user ID of the current user)144 357.6 Q 2.5(,i)-.4 G (nitialized at shell startup.)318.56 357.6 Q F1(EUID)108 369.6 Q F0 (Expands to the ef)144 369.6 Q(fecti)-.25 E .3 -.15(ve u)-.25 H (ser ID of the current user).15 E 2.5(,i)-.4 G(nitialized at shell startup.) 355.39 369.6 Q F1 -.3(BA)108 381.6 S(SH).3 E F0 (Expands to the full pathname used to in)9.07 E -.2(vo)-.4 G .2 -.1(ke t).2 H (his instance of).1 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -.3(BA)108 393.6 S(SH_VERSION).3 E F0(Expands to the v)144 405.6 Q(ersion number of this instance of)-.15 E F1 (bash)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(SHL)108 417.6 Q(VL)-.92 E F0 (Incremented by one each time an instance of)144 429.6 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0 (is started.)2.5 E F1(RANDOM)108 441.6 Q F0 .944 (Each time this parameter is referenced, a random inte)144 453.6 R .943 (ger is generated.)-.15 F .943(The sequence of random)5.943 F .91 (numbers may be initialized by assigning a v)144 465.6 R .91(alue to)-.25 F/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(RANDOM)3.41 E/F3 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0(If)5.41 E F2 (RANDOM)3.41 E F0 .91(is unset, it loses its)3.16 F(special properties, e)144 477.6 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(fi)243.02 477.6 S 2.5(ti)251.63 477.6 S 2.5(ss)259.69 477.6 S(ubsequently reset.)269.97 477.6 Q F1(SECONDS)108 489.6 Q F0 .795 (Each time this parameter is referenced, the number of seconds since shell in) 144 501.6 R -.2(vo)-.4 G .795(cation is returned.).2 F .712(If a v)144 513.6 R .712(alue is assigned to)-.25 F F2(SECONDS)3.212 E F3(,)A F0 .712(the v)2.962 F .712(alue returned upon subsequent references is the number)-.25 F .408 (of seconds since the assignment plus the v)144 525.6 R .408(alue assigned.) -.25 F(If)5.408 E F2(SECONDS)2.908 E F0 .407(is unset, it loses its special) 2.658 F(properties, e)144 537.6 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(fi)212.75 537.6 S 2.5(ti)221.36 537.6 S 2.5(ss)229.42 537.6 S(ubsequently reset.)239.7 537.6 Q F1(LINENO)108 549.6 Q F0 1.408(Each time this parameter is referenced,\ the shell substitutes a decimal number representing the)144 561.6 R .078(curr\ ent sequential line number \(starting with 1\) within a script or function.)144 573.6 R .078(When not in a script or)5.078 F .603(function, the v)144 585.6 R .603(alue substituted is not guaranteed to be meaningful.)-.25 F .604 (When in a function, the v)5.603 F(alue)-.25 E .601(is not the number of the s\ ource line that the command appears on \(that information has been lost)144 597.6 R .461(by the time the function is e)144 609.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .461 (cuted\), b).15 F .461(ut is an approximation of the number of)-.2 F/F4 10 /Times-Italic@0 SF .462(simple commands)2.962 F F0 -.15(exe)144 621.6 S 1.02 (cuted in the current function.).15 F(If)6.019 E F2(LINENO)3.519 E F0 1.019 (is unset, it loses its special properties, e)3.269 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.519(ni) .15 G 3.519(fi)517.402 621.6 S 3.519(ti)527.031 621.6 S(s)536.11 621.6 Q (subsequently reset.)144 633.6 Q F1(HISTCMD)108 645.6 Q F0 .355 (The history number)144 657.6 R 2.855(,o)-.4 G 2.855(ri)233.545 657.6 S(nde) 242.51 657.6 Q 2.856(xi)-.15 G 2.856(nt)267.436 657.6 S .356 (he history list, of the current command.)278.072 657.6 R(If)5.356 E F2 (HISTCMD)2.856 E F0 .356(is unset, it)2.606 F(loses its special properties, e) 144 669.6 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(fi)277.47 669.6 S 2.5(ti)286.08 669.6 S 2.5(ss)294.14 669.6 S(ubsequently reset.)304.42 669.6 Q F1(OPT)108 681.6 Q(ARG)-.9 E F0 1.627(The v)144 693.6 R 1.627(alue of the last option ar) -.25 F 1.627(gument processed by the)-.18 F F1(getopts)4.127 E F0 -.2(bu)4.127 G 1.626(iltin command \(see).2 F F2(SHELL)4.126 E -.09(BU)144 705.6 S(IL).09 E (TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E 186.79(GNU 1994)72 768 R (Dec 6)2.5 E(5)535 768 Q EP %%Page: 6 6 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\))-.35 E /F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(OPTIND)108 84 Q F0 1.651(The inde)144 96 R 4.151(xo)-.15 G 4.151(ft)194.922 96 S 1.651(he ne)205.183 96 R 1.651(xt ar)-.15 F 1.652 (gument to be processed by the)-.18 F F1(getopts)4.152 E F0 -.2(bu)4.152 G 1.652(iltin command \(see).2 F/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SHELL)4.152 E -.09(BU)144 108 S(IL).09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E F1(HOSTTYPE)108 120 Q F0 .223(Automatically set to a string that uniquely describes the type o\ f machine on which)144 132 R F1(bash)2.722 E F0 .222(is e)2.722 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cut-).15 E 2.5(ing. The)144 144 R(def)2.5 E(ault is system-dependent.)-.1 E F1(OSTYPE)108 156 Q F0 .329 (Automatically set to a string that describes the operating system on which)144 168 R F1(bash)2.83 E F0 .33(is e)2.83 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.83(cuting. The).15 F (def)144 180 Q(ault is system-dependent.)-.1 E .994(The follo)108 196.8 R .994 (wing v)-.25 F .994(ariables are used by the shell.)-.25 F .994(In some cases,) 5.994 F F1(bash)3.494 E F0 .994(assigns a def)3.494 F .994(ault v)-.1 F .993 (alue to a v)-.25 F(ariable;)-.25 E(these cases are noted belo)108 208.8 Q -.65 (w.)-.25 G F1(IFS)108 225.6 Q F0(The)144 225.6 Q/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF .637 (Internal F)3.137 F .637(ield Separ)-.45 F(ator)-.15 E F0 .637 (that is used for w)3.137 F .638(ord splitting after e)-.1 F .638 (xpansion and to split lines into)-.15 F -.1(wo)144 237.6 S(rds with the).1 E F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(ad).18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin command.).2 E(The def)5 E (ault v)-.1 E(alue is `)-.25 E(`')-.25 E('.)-.74 E F1 -.74(PA)108 249.6 S(TH)-.21 E F0 .588(The search path for commands.)9.91 F .587(It is a colon-separated list of directories in which the shell looks)5.588 F .211(for commands \(see)144 261.6 R F2 .212(COMMAND EXECUTION)2.712 F F0 (belo)2.462 E 2.712(w\). The)-.25 F(def)2.712 E .212 (ault path is system\255dependent, and)-.1 F 12.209 (is set by the administrator who installs)144 273.6 R F1(bash)385.854 273.6 Q F0 17.209(.A)C 12.209(common v)447.502 273.6 R 12.209(alue is)-.25 F -.74(``) 144 285.6 S (.:/usr/gnu/bin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/ucb:/bin:/usr/bin:/etc:/usr/etc').74 E 7.886('. Note)-.74 F 5.386(that in some circum-)7.886 F(stances, ho)144 297.6 Q (we)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.25 G .8 -.4(r, a l).15 H(eading `.).4 E 2.5('i)-.7 G(n) 268.88 297.6 Q F2 -.666(PA)2.5 G(TH)-.189 E F0(can be a security hazard.)2.25 E F1(HOME)108 309.6 Q F0(The home directory of the current user; the def)144 321.6 Q(ault ar)-.1 E(gument for the)-.18 E F1(cd)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G (iltin command.).2 E F1(CDP)108 333.6 Q -.95(AT)-.74 G(H).95 E F0 1.248 (The search path for the)144 345.6 R F1(cd)3.748 E F0 3.748(command. This)3.748 F 1.247(is a colon-separated list of directories in which the)3.748 F (shell looks for destination directories speci\214ed by the)144 357.6 Q F1(cd) 2.5 E F0 2.5(command. A)2.5 F(sample v)2.5 E(alue is `)-.25 E(`.:~:/usr')-.74 E ('.)-.74 E F1(ENV)108 369.6 Q F0 .505(If this parameter is set when)144 369.6 R F1(bash)3.005 E F0 .505(is e)3.005 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .506 (cuting a shell script, its v).15 F .506(alue is interpreted as a \214lename) -.25 F 1.969(containing commands to initialize the shell, as in)144 381.6 R F3 (.bashr)4.469 E(c)-.37 E F0 6.969(.T).31 G 1.969(he v)403.041 381.6 R 1.969 (alue of)-.25 F F2(ENV)4.468 E F0 1.968(is subjected to)4.218 F .47 (parameter e)144 393.6 R .47(xpansion, command substitution, and arithmetic e) -.15 F .47(xpansion before being interpreted as)-.15 F 2.5(ap)144 405.6 S (athname.)155.94 405.6 Q F2 -.666(PA)5 G(TH)-.189 E F0 (is not used to search for the resultant pathname.)2.25 E F1(MAIL)108 417.6 Q F0 .337(If this parameter is set to a \214lename and the)8.78 F F2(MAILP)2.837 E -.855(AT)-.666 G(H).855 E F0 -.25(va)2.587 G .337(riable is not set,).25 F F1 (bash)2.836 E F0 .336(informs the user)2.836 F(of the arri)144 429.6 Q -.25(va) -.25 G 2.5(lo).25 G 2.5(fm)202.65 429.6 S(ail in the speci\214ed \214le.)216.26 429.6 Q F1(MAILCHECK)108 441.6 Q F0 .098(Speci\214es ho)144 453.6 R 2.598(wo) -.25 G .098(ften \(in seconds\))207.276 453.6 R F1(bash)2.598 E F0 .098 (checks for mail.)2.598 F .098(The def)5.098 F .098(ault is 60 seconds.)-.1 F .099(When it is time)5.099 F .779 (to check for mail, the shell does so before prompting.)144 465.6 R .779 (If this v)5.779 F .778(ariable is unset, the shell disables)-.25 F (mail checking.)144 477.6 Q F1(MAILP)108 489.6 Q -.95(AT)-.74 G(H).95 E F0 3.511(Ac)144 501.6 S 1.011(olon-separated list of pathnames to be check)159.171 501.6 R 1.011(ed for mail.)-.1 F 1.012(The message to be printed may be)6.011 F .636(speci\214ed by separating the pathname from the message with a `?'.)144 513.6 R .635($_ stands for the name of the)5.635 F(current mail\214le.)144 525.6 Q(Example:)5 E F1(MAILP)144 537.6 Q -.95(AT)-.74 G(H).95 E F0 (='/usr/spool/mail/bfox?"Y)A(ou ha)-1.1 E .3 -.15(ve m)-.2 H (ail":~/shell-mail?"$_ has mail!"').15 E F1(Bash)144 549.6 Q F0 .388 (supplies a def)2.888 F .388(ault v)-.1 F .388(alue for this v)-.25 F .388 (ariable, b)-.25 F .389 (ut the location of the user mail \214les that it uses is)-.2 F (system dependent \(e.g., /usr/spool/mail/)144 561.6 Q F1($USER)A F0(\).)A F1 (MAIL_W)108 573.6 Q(ARNING)-1.2 E F0 1.932(If set, and a \214le that)144 585.6 R F1(bash)4.432 E F0 1.932 (is checking for mail has been accessed since the last time it w)4.432 F(as)-.1 E(check)144 597.6 Q(ed, the message `)-.1 E(`The mail in)-.74 E F3(mail\214le) 2.5 E F0(has been read')2.5 E 2.5('i)-.74 G 2.5(sp)385.41 597.6 S(rinted.)396.8 597.6 Q F1(PS1)108 609.6 Q F0 .064(The v)144 609.6 R .065 (alue of this parameter is e)-.25 F .065(xpanded \(see)-.15 F F2(PR)2.565 E (OMPTING)-.27 E F0(belo)2.315 E .065(w\) and used as the primary prompt)-.25 F 2.5(string. The)144 621.6 R(def)2.5 E(ault v)-.1 E(alue is `)-.25 E(`)-.74 E F1 (bash\\$)A F0 -.74('')2.5 G(.).74 E F1(PS2)108 633.6 Q F0 .689(The v)144 633.6 R .689(alue of this parameter is e)-.25 F .689 (xpanded and used as the secondary prompt string.)-.15 F .688(The def)5.688 F .688(ault is)-.1 F -.74(``)144 645.6 S F1(>).74 E F0 -.74('')2.5 G(.).74 E F1 (PS3)108 657.6 Q F0 1.149(The v)144 657.6 R 1.149 (alue of this parameter is used as the prompt for the)-.25 F F3(select)3.65 E F0 1.15(command \(see)3.65 F F2 1.15(SHELL GRAM-)3.65 F(MAR)144 669.6 Q F0(abo) 2.25 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F1(PS4)108 681.6 Q F0 .629(The v)144 681.6 R .629(alue of this parameter is e)-.25 F .629(xpanded and the v)-.15 F .629 (alue is printed before each command)-.25 F F1(bash)3.128 E F0(dis-)3.128 E .701(plays during an e)144 693.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .701(cution trace.).15 F .701 (The \214rst character of)5.701 F F2(PS4)3.201 E F0 .701 (is replicated multiple times, as neces-)2.951 F(sary)144 705.6 Q 2.5(,t)-.65 G 2.5(oi)167.79 705.6 S(ndicate multiple le)178.07 705.6 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G (ls of indirection.).15 E(The def)5 E(ault is `)-.1 E(`)-.74 E F1(+)A F0 -.74 ('')2.5 G(.).74 E 186.79(GNU 1994)72 768 R(Dec 6)2.5 E(6)535 768 Q EP %%Page: 7 7 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\))-.35 E /F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(HISTSIZE)108 84 Q F0 1.942 (The number of commands to remember in the command history \(see)144 96 R/F2 9 /Times-Bold@0 SF(HIST)4.442 E(OR)-.162 E(Y)-.315 E F0(belo)4.192 E 4.442 (w\). The)-.25 F(def)144 108 Q(ault v)-.1 E(alue is 500.)-.25 E F1(HISTFILE)108 120 Q F0 1.386(The name of the \214le in which command history is sa)144 132 R -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.886(d. \(See).15 F F2(HIST)3.886 E(OR)-.162 E(Y)-.315 E F0 (belo)3.636 E -.65(w.)-.25 G 6.386(\)T).65 G 1.386(he def)499.004 132 R(ault) -.1 E -.25(va)144 144 S .035(lue is).25 F/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF (~/.bash_history)2.535 E F0 5.035(.I)C 2.535(fu)248.295 144 S .035 (nset, the command history is not sa)259.16 144 R -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.534(dw).15 G .034(hen an interacti)424.044 144 R .334 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .034(hell e).15 F (xits.)-.15 E F1(HISTFILESIZE)108 156 Q F0 1.622 (The maximum number of lines contained in the history \214le.)144 168 R 1.623 (When this v)6.623 F 1.623(ariable is assigned a)-.25 F -.25(va)144 180 S .311 (lue, the history \214le is truncated, if necessary).25 F 2.811(,t)-.65 G 2.811 (oc)339.171 180 S .311(ontain no more than that number of lines.)351.422 180 R (The)5.311 E(def)144 192 Q(ault v)-.1 E(alue is 500.)-.25 E F1(OPTERR)108 204 Q F0 .389(If set to the v)144 216 R .389(alue 1,)-.25 F F1(bash)2.889 E F0 .389 (displays error messages generated by the)2.889 F F1(getopts)2.89 E F0 -.2(bu) 2.89 G .39(iltin command \(see).2 F F2 .36(SHELL B)144 228 R(UIL)-.09 E .36 (TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)2.61 E(w\).)-.25 E F2(OPTERR)5.36 E F0 .359 (is initialized to 1 each time the shell is in)2.61 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G (d).1 E(or a shell script is e)144 240 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted.).15 E F1(PR)108 252 Q(OMPT_COMMAND)-.3 E F0(If set, the v)144 264 Q(alue is e)-.25 E -.15(xe) -.15 G(cuted as a command prior to issuing each primary prompt.).15 E F1 (IGNOREEOF)108 276 Q F0 .139(Controls the action of the shell on receipt of an) 144 288 R F2(EOF)2.639 E F0 .139(character as the sole input.)2.389 F .14 (If set, the v)5.14 F .14(alue is)-.25 F 1.494(the number of consecuti)144 300 R -.15(ve)-.25 G F2(EOF)4.144 E F0 1.494 (characters typed as the \214rst characters on an input line before)3.744 F F1 (bash)144 312 Q F0 -.15(ex)3.332 G 3.332(its. If).15 F .832(the v)3.332 F .832 (ariable e)-.25 F .832(xists b)-.15 F .832(ut does not ha)-.2 F 1.132 -.15 (ve a n)-.2 H .832(umeric v).15 F .832(alue, or has no v)-.25 F .833 (alue, the def)-.25 F(ault)-.1 E -.25(va)144 324 S .586(lue is 10.).25 F .586 (If it does not e)5.586 F(xist,)-.15 E F2(EOF)3.086 E F0 .585 (signi\214es the end of input to the shell.)2.836 F .585(This is only in ef) 5.585 F(fect)-.25 E(for interacti)144 336 Q .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.).15 E F1 (TMOUT)108 348 Q F0 1.112(If set to a v)144 360 R 1.112 (alue greater than zero, the v)-.25 F 1.113 (alue is interpreted as the number of seconds to w)-.25 F 1.113(ait for)-.1 F .558(input after issuing the primary prompt.)144 372 R F1(Bash)5.558 E F0 .558 (terminates after w)3.058 F .558(aiting for that number of seconds)-.1 F (if input does not arri)144 384 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(.).15 E F1(FCEDIT)108 396 Q F0 (The def)144 408 Q(ault editor for the)-.1 E F1(fc)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G (iltin command.).2 E F1(FIGNORE)108 420 Q F0 2.598(Ac)144 432 S .098 (olon-separated list of suf)158.258 432 R<8c78>-.25 E .098 (es to ignore when performing \214lename completion \(see)-.15 F F2(READLINE) 2.599 E F0(belo)144 444 Q 2.705(w\). A)-.25 F .205(\214lename whose suf)2.705 F .205(\214x matches one of the entries in)-.25 F F2(FIGNORE)2.705 E F0 .205 (is e)2.455 F .204(xcluded from the list)-.15 F(of matched \214lenames.)144 456 Q 2.5(As)5 G(ample v)250.65 456 Q(alue is `)-.25 E(`.o:~')-.74 E('.)-.74 E F1 (INPUTRC)108 468 Q F0 1.636(The \214lename for the readline startup \214le, o) 144 480 R -.15(ve)-.15 G 1.637(rriding the def).15 F 1.637(ault of)-.1 F F3 (~/.inputr)5.803 E(c)-.37 E F0(\(see)5.803 E F2(READLINE)4.137 E F0(belo)144 492 Q(w\).)-.25 E F1(notify)108 504 Q F0 .032(If set,)144 504 R F1(bash)2.532 E F0 .032(reports terminated background jobs immediately)2.532 F 2.531(,r)-.65 G .031(ather than w)394.135 504 R .031(aiting until before print-)-.1 F (ing the ne)144 516 Q(xt primary prompt \(see also the)-.15 E F12.5 E F0 (option to the)2.5 E F1(set)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin command\).).2 E F1 (history_contr)108 528 Q(ol)-.18 E(HISTCONTR)108 540 Q(OL)-.3 E F0 .88 (If set to a v)144 552 R .88(alue of)-.25 F F3(ignor)3.38 E(espace)-.37 E F0 3.38(,l).18 G .88(ines which be)281.36 552 R .881(gin with a)-.15 F F1(space) 3.381 E F0 .881(character are not entered on the)3.381 F .402(history list.)144 564 R .401(If set to a v)5.402 F .401(alue of)-.25 F F3(ignor)2.901 E(edups) -.37 E F0 2.901(,l).27 G .401 (ines matching the last history line are not entered.)325.031 564 R(A)5.401 E -.25(va)144 576 S 1.303(lue of).25 F F3(ignor)3.803 E(eboth)-.37 E F0 1.303 (combines the tw)3.803 F 3.803(oo)-.1 G 3.803(ptions. If)310.528 576 R 1.304 (unset, or if set to an)3.803 F 3.804(yo)-.15 G 1.304(ther v)453.298 576 R 1.304(alue than those)-.25 F(abo)144 588 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(,a).15 G (ll lines read by the parser are sa)177.02 588 Q -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.5(do).15 G 2.5 (nt)324.96 588 S(he history list.)335.24 588 Q F1(command_oriented_history)108 604.8 Q F0 .473(If set,)144 616.8 R F1(bash)2.973 E F0 .473(attempts to sa) 2.973 F .773 -.15(ve a)-.2 H .473 (ll lines of a multiple\255line command in the same history entry).15 F 5.472 (.T)-.65 G(his)528.33 616.8 Q(allo)144 628.8 Q (ws easy re\255editing of multi\255line commands.)-.25 E F1 (glob_dot_\214lenames)108 645.6 Q F0(If set,)144 657.6 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0 (includes \214lenames be)2.5 E(ginning with a `.)-.15 E 2.5('i)-.7 G 2.5(nt) 351.75 657.6 S(he results of pathname e)362.03 657.6 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F1 (allo)108 674.4 Q(w_null_glob_expansion)-.1 E F0 .651(If set,)144 686.4 R F1 (bash)3.151 E F0(allo)3.151 E .651 (ws pathname patterns which match no \214les \(see)-.25 F F1 -.1(Pa)3.152 G .652(thname Expansion).1 F F0(belo)3.152 E .652(w\) to)-.25 F -.15(ex)144 698.4 S(pand to a null string, rather than themselv).15 E(es.)-.15 E 186.79(GNU 1994) 72 768 R(Dec 6)2.5 E(7)535 768 Q EP %%Page: 8 8 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\))-.35 E /F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(histchars)108 84 Q F0 2.07(The tw)144 96 R 4.57(oo)-.1 G 4.57(rt)188.59 96 S 2.07(hree characters which control history e)199.27 96 R 2.07(xpansion and tok)-.15 F 2.07(enization \(see)-.1 F/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF (HIST)4.569 E(OR)-.162 E(Y)-.315 E(EXP)144 108 Q(ANSION)-.666 E F0(belo)2.964 E 3.214(w\). The)-.25 F .714(\214rst character is the)3.214 F/F3 10 /Times-Italic@0 SF .714(history e)3.214 F .714(xpansion c)-.2 F(har)-.15 E (acter)-.15 E F0 3.214(,t).73 G .715(hat is, the character)460.105 108 R .142 (which signals the start of a history e)144 120 R .141(xpansion, normally `) -.15 F F1(!)A F0 2.641('. The)B .141(second character is the)2.641 F F3(quic) 2.641 E 2.641(ks)-.2 G(ub-)526.67 120 Q(stitution)144 132 Q F0(character)2.953 E 2.953(,w)-.4 G .453(hich is used as shorthand for re-running the pre)228.656 132 R .453(vious command entered, sub-)-.25 F .281 (stituting one string for another in the command.)144 144 R .281(The def)5.281 F .281(ault is `)-.1 F F1(^)A F0 2.78('. The)B .28(optional third character is) 2.78 F .684(the character which signi\214es that the remainder of the line is \ a comment, when found as the \214rst)144 156 R .065(character of a w)144 168 R .065(ord, normally `)-.1 F F1(#)A F0 2.564('. The)B .064 (history comment character causes history substitution to be)2.564 F .379 (skipped for the remaining w)144 180 R .379(ords on the line.)-.1 F .38 (It does not necessarily cause the shell parser to treat)5.379 F (the rest of the line as a comment.)144 192 Q F1(nolinks)108 208.8 Q F0 .44 (If set, the shell does not follo)144 220.8 R 2.94(ws)-.25 G .44 (ymbolic links when e)276.82 220.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .44 (cuting commands that change the current).15 F -.1(wo)144 232.8 S .98 (rking directory).1 F 5.98(.I)-.65 G 3.48(tu)227.97 232.8 S .981(ses the ph) 239.23 232.8 R .981(ysical directory structure instead.)-.05 F .981(By def) 5.981 F(ault,)-.1 E F1(bash)3.481 E F0(follo)3.481 E .981(ws the)-.25 F .585(l\ ogical chain of directories when performing commands which change the current \ directory)144 244.8 R 3.085(,s)-.65 G(uch)525.56 244.8 Q(as)144 256.8 Q F1(cd) 2.649 E F0 5.149(.S)C .149(ee also the description of the)178.188 256.8 R F1 2.649 E F0 .149(option to the)2.649 F F1(set)2.649 E F0 -.2(bu)2.649 G .149(iltin \().2 F F2 .15(SHELL B)2.65 F(UIL)-.09 E .15(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0 (belo)144 268.8 Q(w\).)-.25 E F1(hostname_completion_\214le)108 280.8 Q (HOSTFILE)108 292.8 Q F0 1.015 (Contains the name of a \214le in the same format as)144 304.8 R F3(/etc/hosts) 5.181 E F0 1.015(that should be read when the shell)5.181 F 1.424 (needs to complete a hostname.)144 316.8 R 1.424 (The \214le may be changed interacti)6.424 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.425(ly; the ne) .15 F 1.425(xt time hostname)-.15 F(completion is attempted)144 328.8 Q F1 (bash)2.5 E F0(adds the contents of the ne)2.5 E 2.5<778c>-.25 G (le to the already e)386.52 328.8 Q(xisting database.)-.15 E F1(noclob)108 345.6 Q(ber)-.1 E F0 .381(If set,)144 357.6 R F1(bash)2.881 E F0 .381 (does not o)2.881 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .381(rwrite an e).15 F .381 (xisting \214le with the)-.15 F F1(>)2.88 E F0(,)A F1(>&)2.88 E F0 2.88(,a)C (nd)403.77 357.6 Q F1(<>)2.88 E F0 .38(redirection operators.)2.88 F(This)5.38 E -.25(va)144 369.6 S .464(riable may be o).25 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .464 (rridden when creating output \214les by using the redirection operator).15 F F1(>|)2.965 E F0(instead)2.965 E(of)144 381.6 Q F1(>)2.5 E F0(\(see also the) 2.5 E F12.5 E F0(option to the)2.5 E F1(set)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G (iltin command\).).2 E F1(auto_r)108 398.4 Q(esume)-.18 E F0 .531(This v)144 410.4 R .531(ariable controls ho)-.25 F 3.031(wt)-.25 G .531 (he shell interacts with the user and job control.)257.834 410.4 R .53 (If this v)5.53 F .53(ariable is set,)-.25 F .538(single w)144 422.4 R .538(or\ d simple commands without redirections are treated as candidates for resumptio\ n of an)-.1 F -.15(ex)144 434.4 S .367(isting stopped job).15 F 5.367(.T)-.4 G .366(here is no ambiguity allo)238.721 434.4 R .366 (wed; if there is more than one job be)-.25 F .366(ginning with)-.15 F 1.156 (the string typed, the job most recently accessed is selected.)144 446.4 R(The) 6.157 E F3(name)3.657 E F0 1.157(of a stopped job, in this)3.657 F(conte)144 458.4 Q 1.133(xt, is the command line used to start it.)-.15 F 1.133 (If set to the v)6.133 F(alue)-.25 E F3 -.2(ex)3.633 G(act).2 E F0 3.632(,t).68 G 1.132(he string supplied must)443.544 458.4 R .624 (match the name of a stopped job e)144 470.4 R .624(xactly; if set to)-.15 F F3 (substring)3.125 E F0 3.125(,t).22 G .625(he string supplied needs to match a) 395.71 470.4 R .925(substring of the name of a stopped job)144 482.4 R 5.924 (.T)-.4 G(he)317.646 482.4 Q F3(substring)3.424 E F0 -.25(va)3.424 G .924 (lue pro).25 F .924(vides functionality analogous to)-.15 F(the)144 494.4 Q F1 (%?)2.544 E F0 .044(job id \(see)5.044 F F2 .044(JOB CONTR)2.544 F(OL)-.27 E F0 (belo)2.294 E 2.544(w\). If)-.25 F .044(set to an)2.544 F 2.544(yo)-.15 G .044 (ther v)380.507 494.4 R .045(alue, the supplied string must be a)-.25 F (pre\214x of a stopped job')144 506.4 Q 2.5(sn)-.55 G(ame; this pro)248.16 506.4 Q(vides functionality analogous to the)-.15 E F1(%)2.5 E F0(job id.)2.5 E F1(no_exit_on_failed_exec)108 523.2 Q F0 .691(If this v)144 535.2 R .691 (ariable e)-.25 F .691(xists, a non-interacti)-.15 F .991 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .691 (hell will not e).15 F .69(xit if it cannot e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .69 (cute the \214le speci\214ed in).15 F(the)144 547.2 Q F1(exec)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu) 2.5 G(iltin command.).2 E(An interacti)5 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hell does not e) .15 E(xit if)-.15 E F1(exec)2.5 E F0 -.1(fa)2.5 G(ils.).1 E F1(cdable_v)108 564 Q(ars)-.1 E F0 .834(If this is set, an ar)144 576 R .834(gument to the)-.18 F F1(cd)3.334 E F0 -.2(bu)3.334 G .834 (iltin command that is not a directory is assumed to be the).2 F(name of a v) 144 588 Q(ariable whose v)-.25 E(alue is the directory to change to.)-.25 E F2 (EXP)72 604.8 Q(ANSION)-.666 E F0 .76 (Expansion is performed on the command line after it has been split into w)108 616.8 R 3.26(ords. There)-.1 F .76(are se)3.26 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.26(nk).15 G .76(inds of)511.74 616.8 R -.15(ex)108 628.8 S .369(pansion performed:).15 F F3 (br)2.869 E .369(ace e)-.15 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0(,).24 E F3 .369(tilde e)2.869 F (xpansion)-.2 E F0(,).24 E F3(par)2.869 E .369(ameter and variable e)-.15 F (xpansion)-.2 E F0(,).24 E F3 .37(command sub-)2.869 F(stitution)108 640.8 Q F0 (,).24 E F3(arithmetic e)2.5 E(xpansion)-.2 E F0(,).24 E F3(wor)2.5 E 2.5(ds) -.37 G(plitting)261.81 640.8 Q F0 2.5(,a).22 G(nd)300.37 640.8 Q F3(pathname e) 2.5 E(xpansion)-.2 E F0(.).24 E .16(The order of e)108 657.6 R .16 (xpansions is: brace e)-.15 F .16(xpansion, tilde e)-.15 F .16 (xpansion, parameter)-.15 F 2.66(,v)-.4 G .16(ariable, command, and arithmetic) 405.38 657.6 R(substitution \(done in a left\255to\255right f)108 669.6 Q (ashion\), w)-.1 E(ord splitting, and pathname e)-.1 E(xpansion.)-.15 E (On systems that can support it, there is an additional e)108 686.4 Q (xpansion a)-.15 E -.25(va)-.2 G(ilable:).25 E F3(pr)2.5 E(ocess substitution) -.45 E F0(.)A 1.486(Only brace e)108 703.2 R 1.486(xpansion, w)-.15 F 1.486 (ord splitting, and pathname e)-.1 F 1.487(xpansion can change the number of w) -.15 F 1.487(ords of the)-.1 F -.15(ex)108 715.2 S 1.36(pansion; other e).15 F 1.36(xpansions e)-.15 F 1.36(xpand a single w)-.15 F 1.36(ord to a single w)-.1 F 3.86(ord. The)-.1 F 1.36(single e)3.86 F 1.36(xception to this is the)-.15 F -.15(ex)108 727.2 S(pansion of `).15 E(`)-.74 E F1($@)A F0 1.48 -.74('' a)D 2.5 (se).74 G(xplained abo)205.49 727.2 Q .3 -.15(ve \()-.15 H(see).15 E F2 -.666 (PA)2.5 G(RAMETERS).666 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(\).)A F0 186.79(GNU 1994)72 768 R(Dec 6)2.5 E(8)535 768 Q EP %%Page: 9 9 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\))-.35 E /F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(Brace Expansion)87 84 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(Br)108 96 Q .66(ace e)-.15 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0 .661 (is a mechanism by which arbitrary strings may be generated.)3.16 F .661 (This mechanism is similar)5.661 F(to)108 108 Q F2 .415(pathname e)2.915 F (xpansion)-.2 E F0 2.915(,b)C .415(ut the \214lenames generated need not e) 211.615 108 R 2.915(xist. P)-.15 F .415(atterns to be brace e)-.15 F .415 (xpanded tak)-.15 F 2.915(et)-.1 G(he)530.56 108 Q .888(form of an optional)108 120 R F2(pr)3.388 E(eamble)-.37 E F0 3.388(,f).18 G(ollo)238.34 120 Q .888 (wed by a series of comma-separated strings between a pair of braces,)-.25 F (follo)108 132 Q .402(wed by an optional)-.25 F F2(postamble)2.902 E F0 5.402 (.T).18 G .402 (he preamble is prepended to each string contained within the braces,)262.43 132 R(and the postamble is then appended to each resulting string, e)108 144 Q (xpanding left to right.)-.15 E .718(Brace e)108 160.8 R .719 (xpansions may be nested.)-.15 F .719(The results of each e)5.719 F .719 (xpanded string are not sorted; left to right order is)-.15 F(preserv)108 172.8 Q 2.5(ed. F)-.15 F(or e)-.15 E(xample, a)-.15 E F1({)A F0(d,c,b)A F1(})A F0 2.5 (ee)C(xpands into `ade ace abe'.)252.18 172.8 Q .582(Brace e)108 189.6 R .582 (xpansion is performed before an)-.15 F 3.082(yo)-.15 G .581(ther e)283.362 189.6 R .581(xpansions, and an)-.15 F 3.081(yc)-.15 G .581 (haracters special to other e)391.196 189.6 R(xpansions)-.15 E .015 (are preserv)108 201.6 R .015(ed in the result.)-.15 F .015(It is strictly te) 5.015 F(xtual.)-.15 E F1(Bash)5.016 E F0 .016(does not apply an)2.516 F 2.516 (ys)-.15 G .016(yntactic interpretation to the con-)406.626 201.6 R(te)108 213.6 Q(xt of the e)-.15 E(xpansion or the te)-.15 E(xt between the braces.) -.15 E 3.633(Ac)108 230.4 S 1.133(orrectly-formed brace e)123.293 230.4 R 1.132 (xpansion must contain unquoted opening and closing braces, and at least one) -.15 F(unquoted comma.)108 242.4 Q(An)5 E 2.5(yi)-.15 G (ncorrectly formed brace e)207.01 242.4 Q(xpansion is left unchanged.)-.15 E 1.476(This construct is typically used as shorthand when the common pre\214x o\ f the strings to be generated is)108 259.2 R(longer than in the abo)108 271.2 Q .3 -.15(ve ex)-.15 H(ample:).15 E(mkdir /usr/local/src/bash/{old,ne)144 288 Q -.65(w,)-.25 G(dist,b).65 E(ugs})-.2 E(or)108 300 Q(cho)144 312 Q (wn root /usr/{ucb/{e)-.25 E(x,edit},lib/{e)-.15 E(x?.?*,ho)-.15 E(w_e)-.25 E (x}})-.15 E 1.178(Brace e)108 328.8 R 1.177 (xpansion introduces a slight incompatibility with traditional v)-.15 F 1.177 (ersions of)-.15 F F1(sh)3.677 E F0 3.677(,t)C 1.177(he Bourne shell.)456.749 328.8 R F1(sh)6.177 E F0 .014 (does not treat opening or closing braces specially when the)108 340.8 R 2.515 (ya)-.15 G .015(ppear as part of a w)355.725 340.8 R .015(ord, and preserv)-.1 F .015(es them in)-.15 F .694(the output.)108 352.8 R F1(Bash)5.694 E F0(remo) 3.194 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.194(sb).15 G .694(races from w)223.256 352.8 R .694 (ords as a consequence of brace e)-.1 F 3.193(xpansion. F)-.15 F .693(or e)-.15 F .693(xample, a w)-.15 F(ord)-.1 E 1.45(entered to)108 364.8 R F1(sh)3.95 E F0 (as)3.95 E F2(\214le{1,2})3.95 E F0 1.45(appears identically in the output.) 3.95 F 1.45(The same w)6.45 F 1.45(ord is output as)-.1 F F2 1.45 (\214le1 \214le2)3.95 F F0(after)3.95 E -.15(ex)108 376.8 S .577(pansion by).15 F F1(bash)3.077 E F0 5.577(.I)C 3.077(fs)195.971 376.8 S .577 (trict compatibility with)206.268 376.8 R F1(sh)3.077 E F0 .577 (is desired, start)3.077 F F1(bash)3.076 E F0 .576(with the)3.076 F F1 (\255nobraceexpansion)3.076 E F0(\215ag)3.076 E(\(see)108 388.8 Q/F3 9 /Times-Bold@0 SF(OPTIONS)2.597 E F0(abo)2.347 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.597(\)o).15 G 2.597(rd)204.06 388.8 S .097(isable brace e)214.987 388.8 R .097 (xpansion with the)-.15 F F1 .098(+o braceexpand)2.598 F F0 .098(option to the) 2.598 F F1(set)2.598 E F0 .098(command \(see)2.598 F F3(SHELL B)108 400.8 Q (UIL)-.09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E F1 -.18(Ti)87 417.6 S(lde Expansion).18 E F0 .433(If a w)108 429.6 R .433(ord be)-.1 F .433 (gins with a tilde character \(`)-.15 F F1(~)A F0 .432 ('\), all of the characters preceding the \214rst slash \(or all characters,)B .985(if there is no slash\) are treated as a possible)108 441.6 R F2(lo)3.485 E .985(gin name)-.1 F F0 3.485(.I)C 3.486(ft)348.84 441.6 S(his)358.436 441.6 Q F2(lo)3.486 E .986(gin name)-.1 F F0 .986(is the null string, the tilde is) 3.486 F .354(replaced with the v)108 453.6 R .354(alue of the parameter)-.25 F F3(HOME)2.854 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0(If)4.854 E F3(HOME)2.854 E F0 .353 (is unset, the home directory of the user e)2.604 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cut-).15 E (ing the shell is substituted instead.)108 465.6 Q .637(If a `+' follo)108 482.4 R .638(ws the tilde, the v)-.25 F .638(alue of)-.25 F F3(PWD)3.138 E F0 .638(replaces the tilde and `+'.)2.888 F .638(If a `\255' follo)5.638 F .638 (ws, the v)-.25 F .638(alue of)-.25 F F3(OLD-)3.138 E(PWD)108 494.4 Q F0 1.346 (is substituted.)3.596 F 1.346(If the v)6.346 F 1.346(alue follo)-.25 F 1.345 (wing the tilde is a v)-.25 F(alid)-.25 E F2(lo)3.845 E 1.345(gin name)-.1 F F0 3.845(,t)C 1.345(he tilde and)424.785 494.4 R F2(lo)3.845 E 1.345(gin name)-.1 F F0(are)3.845 E .659 (replaced with the home directory associated with that name.)108 506.4 R .659 (If the name is in)5.659 F -.25(va)-.4 G .659(lid, or the tilde e).25 F (xpansion)-.15 E -.1(fa)108 518.4 S(ils, the w).1 E(ord is unchanged.)-.1 E 1.163(Each v)108 535.2 R 1.163(ariable assignment is check)-.25 F 1.162 (ed for unquoted instances of tildes follo)-.1 F 1.162(wing a)-.25 F F1(:)3.662 E F0(or)3.662 E F1(=)3.662 E F0 6.162(.I)C 3.662(nt)483.526 535.2 S 1.162 (hese cases,)494.968 535.2 R 1.042(tilde substitution is also performed.)108 547.2 R(Consequently)6.043 E 3.543(,o)-.65 G 1.043 (ne may use pathnames with tildes in assignments to)324.996 547.2 R F3 -.666 (PA)108 559.2 S(TH)-.189 E F4(,)A F3(MAILP)2.25 E -.855(AT)-.666 G(H).855 E F4 (,)A F0(and)2.25 E F3(CDP)2.5 E -.855(AT)-.666 G(H).855 E F4(,)A F0 (and the shell assigns the e)2.25 E(xpanded v)-.15 E(alue.)-.25 E F1 -.1(Pa)87 576 S(rameter Expansion).1 E F0 1.606(The `)108 588 R F1($)A F0 4.106('c)C 1.606(haracter introduces parameter e)147.862 588 R 1.605 (xpansion, command substitution, or arithmetic e)-.15 F 4.105(xpansion. The) -.15 F .406(parameter name or symbol to be e)108 600 R .407 (xpanded may be enclosed in braces, which are optional b)-.15 F .407(ut serv) -.2 F 2.907(et)-.15 G 2.907(op)515.433 600 S(ro-)528.34 600 Q .033(tect the v) 108 612 R .033(ariable to be e)-.25 F .033 (xpanded from characters immediately follo)-.15 F .032 (wing it which could be interpreted as part)-.25 F(of the name.)108 624 Q(${) 108 640.8 Q F2(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F0(})A 1.345(The v)144 652.8 R 1.345 (alue of)-.25 F F2(par)3.845 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 1.346(is substituted.)3.845 F 1.346(The braces are required when)6.346 F F2(par)3.846 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 1.346(is a positional)3.846 F .381(parameter with more than one digit, or when) 144 664.8 R F2(par)2.881 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .381(is follo)2.881 F .38 (wed by a character which is not to)-.25 F(be interpreted as part of its name.) 144 676.8 Q .334(In each of the cases belo)108 693.6 R -.65(w,)-.25 G F2(wor) 3.484 E(d)-.37 E F0 .334(is subject to tilde e)2.834 F .334 (xpansion, parameter e)-.15 F .334(xpansion, command substitution,)-.15 F .862 (and arithmetic e)108 705.6 R(xpansion.)-.15 E F1(Bash)5.862 E F0 .862 (tests for a parameter that is unset or null; omitting the colon results in a) 3.362 F(test only for a parameter that is unset.)108 717.6 Q 186.79(GNU 1994)72 768 R(Dec 6)2.5 E(9)535 768 Q EP %%Page: 10 10 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\))-.35 E (${)108 84 Q/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(par)A(ameter)-.15 E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF <3aad>A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A F2 .928(Use Default V)144 96 R(alues)-.92 E F0 5.928(.I)C(f)237.794 96 Q F1(par)3.428 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .929 (is unset or null, the e)3.428 F .929(xpansion of)-.15 F F1(wor)3.429 E(d)-.37 E F0 .929(is substituted.)3.429 F(Other)5.929 E(-)-.2 E(wise, the v)144 108 Q (alue of)-.25 E F1(par)2.5 E(ameter)-.15 E F0(is substituted.)2.5 E(${)108 120 Q F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F2(:=)A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A F2 .086 (Assign Default V)144 132 R(alues)-.92 E F0 5.086(.I)C(f)248.058 132 Q F1(par) 2.586 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .086(is unset or null, the e)2.586 F .085(xpansion of) -.15 F F1(wor)2.585 E(d)-.37 E F0 .085(is assigned to)2.585 F F1(par)2.585 E (am-)-.15 E(eter)144 144 Q F0 6.31(.T).73 G 1.31(he v)175.2 144 R 1.311 (alue of)-.25 F F1(par)3.811 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 1.311(is then substituted.) 3.811 F 1.311(Positional parameters and special parameters)6.311 F (may not be assigned to in this w)144 156 Q(ay)-.1 E(.)-.65 E(${)108 168 Q F1 (par)A(ameter)-.15 E F2(:?)A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A F2 .645(Display Err)144 180 R .645(or if Null or Unset)-.18 F F0 5.645(.I)C(f)286.57 180 Q F1(par)3.145 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .645(is null or unset, the e)3.145 F .645(xpansion of)-.15 F F1(wor)3.145 E(d)-.37 E F0 .645(\(or a mes-)3.145 F .714(sage to that ef)144 192 R .714(fect if)-.25 F F1(wor)3.214 E(d)-.37 E F0 .714 (is not present\) is written to the standard error and the shell, if it is not) 3.214 F(interacti)144 204 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(,e).15 G 2.5(xits. Otherwise,) 195.1 204 R(the v)2.5 E(alue of)-.25 E F1(par)2.5 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 (is substituted.)2.5 E(${)108 216 Q F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F2(:+)A F1(wor)A(d) -.37 E F0(})A F2 .887(Use Alter)144 228 R .887(nate V)-.15 F(alue)-.92 E F0 5.887(.I)C(f)242.511 228 Q F1(par)3.387 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .886 (is null or unset, nothing is substituted, otherwise the e)3.387 F(xpan-)-.15 E (sion of)144 240 Q F1(wor)2.5 E(d)-.37 E F0(is substituted.)2.5 E(${)108 252 Q F2(#)A F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F0(})A 1.508(The length in characters of the v) 144 264 R 1.508(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)4.008 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 1.508 (is substituted.)4.008 F(If)6.508 E F1(par)4.008 E(ameter)-.15 E F0(is)4.008 E F2(*)4.009 E F0(or)4.009 E F2(@)4.009 E F0 4.009(,t)C(he)530.56 264 Q (length substituted is the length of)144 276 Q F2(*)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G (panded within double quotes.).15 E(${)108 288 Q F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F2(#)A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A(${)108 300 Q F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F2(##)A F1(wor)A (d)-.37 E F0(})A(The)144 312 Q F1(wor)3.06 E(d)-.37 E F0 .56(is e)3.06 F .56 (xpanded to produce a pattern just as in pathname e)-.15 F 3.06(xpansion. If) -.15 F .56(the pattern matches)3.06 F 1.182(the be)144 324 R 1.182 (ginning of the v)-.15 F 1.182(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)3.682 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 3.682(,t).73 G 1.182(hen the e)319.654 324 R 1.183(xpansion is the v)-.15 F 1.183(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)3.683 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 1.183(with the)3.683 F .171(shortest matching pattern deleted \(the `)144 336 R(`)-.74 E F2(#)A F0 1.651 -.74('' c)D .171(ase\) or the longest matching pattern deleted \(the `) .74 F(`)-.74 E F2(##)A F0 -.74('')C(case\).)144 348 Q(${)108 364.8 Q F1(par)A (ameter)-.15 E F2(%)A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A(${)108 376.8 Q F1(par)A(ameter) -.15 E F2(%%)A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A(The)144 388.8 Q F1(wor)2.618 E(d)-.37 E F0 .118(is e)2.618 F .119(xpanded to produce a pattern just as in pathname e) -.15 F 2.619(xpansion. If)-.15 F .119(the pattern matches a)2.619 F .826 (trailing portion of the v)144 400.8 R .826(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)3.326 E (ameter)-.15 E F0 3.326(,t).73 G .826(hen the e)322.872 400.8 R .825 (xpansion is the v)-.15 F .825(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)3.325 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .825(with the)3.325 F 1.671(shortest matching pattern deleted \(the `)144 412.8 R(`)-.74 E F2(%)A F0 3.151 -.74('' c)D 1.672 (ase\) or the longest matching pattern deleted \(the).74 F -.74(``)144 424.8 S F2(%%).74 E F0 1.48 -.74('' c)D(ase\).).74 E F2(Command Substitution)87 441.6 Q F1 1.698(Command substitution)108 453.6 R F0(allo)4.198 E 1.697 (ws the output of a command to replace the command name.)-.25 F 1.697 (There are tw)6.697 F(o)-.1 E(forms:)108 465.6 Q F2($\()144 487.2 Q F1(command) A F2(\))1.666 E F0(or)108 499.2 Q F2(`)144 511.2 Q F1(command)A F2(`)A(Bash)108 528 Q F0 .019(performs the e)2.519 F .019(xpansion by e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G (cuting).15 E F1(command)2.519 E F0 .02 (and replacing the command substitution with the stan-)2.519 F (dard output of the command, with an)108 540 Q 2.5(yt)-.15 G(railing ne)266.17 540 Q(wlines deleted.)-.25 E 1.559(When the old\255style backquote form of sub\ stitution is used, backslash retains its literal meaning e)108 556.8 R(xcept) -.15 E 1.258(when follo)108 568.8 R 1.258(wed by)-.25 F F2($)3.758 E F0(,)A F2 (`)3.758 E F0 3.758(,o)C(r)212.08 568.8 Q F2(\\)3.758 E F0 6.258(.W)C 1.258 (hen using the $\()240.146 568.8 R F1(command).833 E F0 3.758(\)f)1.666 G 1.259 (orm, all characters between the parentheses)359.877 568.8 R(mak)108 580.8 Q 2.5(eu)-.1 G 2.5(pt)137.06 580.8 S(he command; none are treated specially) 147.34 580.8 Q(.)-.65 E .23(Command substitutions may be nested.)108 597.6 R 1.83 -.8(To n)5.23 H .229 (est when using the old form, escape the inner backquotes with).8 F (backslashes.)108 609.6 Q .422 (If the substitution appears within double quotes, w)108 626.4 R .422 (ord splitting and pathname e)-.1 F .423(xpansion are not performed)-.15 F (on the results.)108 638.4 Q F2(Arithmetic Expansion)87 655.2 Q F0 1.035 (Arithmetic e)108 667.2 R 1.035(xpansion allo)-.15 F 1.035(ws the e)-.25 F -.25 (va)-.25 G 1.034(luation of an arithmetic e).25 F 1.034 (xpression and the substitution of the result.)-.15 F(There are tw)108 679.2 Q 2.5(of)-.1 G(ormats for arithmetic e)169.26 679.2 Q(xpansion:)-.15 E F2($[)144 696 Q F1 -.2(ex)C(pr).2 E(ession)-.37 E F2(])A($\(\()144 712.8 Q F1 -.2(ex)C (pr).2 E(ession)-.37 E F2(\)\))A F0(The)108 729.6 Q F1 -.2(ex)4.617 G(pr).2 E (ession)-.37 E F0 2.117(is treated as if it were within double quotes, b)4.617 F 2.118(ut a double quote inside the braces or)-.2 F 186.79(GNU 1994)72 768 R (Dec 6)2.5 E(10)530 768 Q EP %%Page: 11 11 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\))-.35 E .767(parentheses is not treated specially)108 84 R 5.767(.A)-.65 G .767(ll tok) 264.765 84 R .767(ens in the e)-.1 F .767(xpression under)-.15 F .767 (go parameter e)-.18 F .766(xpansion, command)-.15 F (substitution, and quote remo)108 96 Q -.25(va)-.15 G 2.5(l. Arithmetic).25 F (substitutions may be nested.)2.5 E 1.378(The e)108 112.8 R -.25(va)-.25 G 1.378(luation is performed according to the rules listed belo).25 F 3.878(wu) -.25 G(nder)381.54 112.8 Q/F1 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 1.378(ARITHMETIC EV)3.878 F (ALU)-1.215 E -.855(AT)-.54 G(ION).855 E/F2 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0(If)5.879 E/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.2(ex)108 124.8 S(pr).2 E(ession)-.37 E F0(is in)2.5 E -.25(va)-.4 G(lid,).25 E/F4 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(bash)2.5 E F0 (prints a message indicating f)2.5 E(ailure and no substitution occurs.)-.1 E F4(Pr)87 141.6 Q(ocess Substitution)-.18 E F3(Pr)108 153.6 Q .971 (ocess substitution)-.45 F F0 .971 (is supported on systems that support named pipes \()3.471 F F3(FIFOs)A F0 3.47 (\)o)C 3.47(rt)442.94 153.6 S(he)452.52 153.6 Q F4(/de)3.47 E(v/fd)-.15 E F0 .97(method of)3.47 F .021(naming open \214les.)108 165.6 R .021(It tak)5.021 F .021(es the form of)-.1 F F4(<\()2.521 E F3(list)A F4(\)).833 E F0(or)2.521 E F4(>\()2.521 E F3(list)A F4(\)).833 E F0 5.021(.T)C .021(he process)343.677 165.6 R F3(list)2.521 E F0 .021(is run with its input or output con-)2.521 F .059(nected to a)108 177.6 R F3(FIFO)2.559 E F0 .058(or some \214le in)2.559 F F4(/de)2.558 E(v/fd)-.15 E F0 5.058(.T)C .058 (he name of this \214le is passed as an ar)282.526 177.6 R .058 (gument to the current com-)-.18 F .13(mand as the result of the e)108 189.6 R 2.63(xpansion. If)-.15 F(the)2.63 E F4(>\()2.63 E F3(list)A F4(\)).833 E F0 .13 (form is used, writing to the \214le will pro)2.63 F .131(vide input for)-.15 F F3(list)2.631 E F0(.)A(If the)108 201.6 Q F4(<\()2.5 E F3(list)A F4(\)).833 E F0(form is used, the \214le passed as an ar)2.5 E (gument should be read to obtain the output of)-.18 E F3(list)2.5 E F0(.)A .713 (On systems that support it,)108 218.4 R F3(pr)3.213 E .713(ocess substitution) -.45 F F0 .713(is performed simultaneously with)3.213 F F3(par)3.213 E .713 (ameter and variable)-.15 F -.2(ex)108 230.4 S(pansion).2 E F0(,).24 E F3 (command substitution)2.5 E F0 2.5(,a).24 G(nd)251.33 230.4 Q F3(arithmetic e) 2.5 E(xpansion)-.2 E F0(.).24 E F4 -.75(Wo)87 247.2 S(rd Splitting).75 E F0 1.142(The shell scans the results of parameter e)108 259.2 R 1.143 (xpansion, command substitution, and arithmetic e)-.15 F 1.143(xpansion that) -.15 F(did not occur within double quotes for)108 271.2 Q F3(wor)2.5 E 2.5(ds) -.37 G(plitting)290.4 271.2 Q F0(.).22 E .063 (The shell treats each character of)108 288 R F1(IFS)2.563 E F0 .063 (as a delimiter)2.313 F 2.563(,a)-.4 G .063 (nd splits the results of the other e)322.194 288 R .063(xpansions into w)-.15 F(ords)-.1 E .226(on these characters.)108 300 R .226(If the v)5.226 F .226 (alue of)-.25 F F1(IFS)2.726 E F0 .226(is e)2.476 F(xactly)-.15 E F4 ()2.727 E F0 2.727(,t)C .227(he def)421.322 300 R .227 (ault, then an)-.1 F 2.727(ys)-.15 G(equence)507.24 300 Q(of)108 312 Q F1(IFS) 3.212 E F0 .712(characters serv)2.962 F .712(es to delimit w)-.15 F 3.212 (ords. If)-.1 F F1(IFS)3.212 E F0 .712(has a v)2.962 F .712 (alue other than the def)-.25 F .711(ault, then sequences of the)-.1 F 1.627 (whitespace characters)108 324 R F4(space)4.127 E F0(and)4.127 E F4(tab)4.127 E F0 1.627(are ignored at the be)4.127 F 1.627(ginning and end of the w)-.15 F 1.628(ord, as long as the)-.1 F .564(whitespace character is in the v)108 336 R .564(alue of)-.25 F F1(IFS)3.064 E F0(\(an)2.814 E F1(IFS)3.064 E F0 .564 (whitespace character\).)2.814 F(An)5.564 E 3.064(yc)-.15 G .564(haracter in) 436.5 336 R F1(IFS)3.063 E F0 .563(that is not)2.813 F F1(IFS)108 348 Q F0 1.289(whitespace, along with an)3.539 F 3.789(ya)-.15 G(djacent)246.359 348 Q F1(IFS)3.789 E F0 1.289(whitespace characters, delimits a \214eld.)3.539 F 3.79 (As)6.289 G 1.29(equence of)477.326 348 R F1(IFS)3.79 E F0 .041 (whitespace characters is also treated as a delimiter)108 360 R 5.041(.I)-.55 G 2.541(ft)319.938 360 S .041(he v)328.589 360 R .041(alue of)-.25 F F1(IFS)2.541 E F0 .04(is null, no w)2.29 F .04(ord splitting occurs.)-.1 F F1(IFS)5.04 E F0 (cannot be unset.)108 372 Q .857(Explicit null ar)108 388.8 R .857(guments \() -.18 F F4 .833("").833 G F0(or)2.524 E F4 .833('')4.19 G F0 3.357(\)a)C .857 (re retained.)258.207 388.8 R .857(Implicit null ar)5.857 F .857 (guments, resulting from the e)-.18 F .857(xpansion of)-.15 F F3(par)108 400.8 Q(ameter)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0(that ha)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve n)-.2 H 2.5(ov).15 G (alues, are remo)211.58 400.8 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G(d.).15 E(Note that if no e)108 417.6 Q(xpansion occurs, no splitting is performed.)-.15 E F4 -.1(Pa)87 434.4 S (thname Expansion).1 E F0 .384(After w)108 446.4 R .384 (ord splitting, unless the)-.1 F F42.884 E F0 .384(option has been set,) 2.884 F F4(bash)2.884 E F0 .383(scans each)2.883 F F3(wor)2.883 E(d)-.37 E F0 .383(for the characters)2.883 F F4(*)2.883 E F0(,)A F4(?)2.883 E F0 2.883(,a)C (nd)521.287 446.4 Q F4([)2.883 E F0(.)A .677 (If one of these characters appears, then the w)108 458.4 R .677(ord is re)-.1 F -.05(ga)-.15 G .677(rded as a).05 F F3(pattern)3.177 E F0 3.177(,a).24 G .678 (nd replaced with an alphabeti-)416.208 458.4 R .071 (cally sorted list of pathnames matching the pattern.)108 470.4 R .071 (If no matching pathnames are found, and the shell v)5.071 F(ari-)-.25 E(able) 108 482.4 Q F4(allo)2.515 E(w_null_glob_expansion)-.1 E F0 .015 (is unset, the w)2.515 F .016(ord is left unchanged.)-.1 F .016(If the v)5.016 F .016(ariable is set, and no matches)-.25 F .488(are found, the w)108 494.4 R .488(ord is remo)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.988(d. When).15 F 2.988(ap)2.988 G .488 (attern is used for pathname generation, the character)282.294 494.4 R F4 -.63 (``)2.987 G -.55(.').63 G(')-.08 E F0 .487(at the)5.487 F 1.788 (start of a name or immediately follo)108 506.4 R 1.789 (wing a slash must be matched e)-.25 F(xplicitly)-.15 E 4.289(,u)-.65 G 1.789 (nless the shell v)444.063 506.4 R(ariable)-.25 E F4(glob_dot_\214lenames)108 518.4 Q F0 .418(is set.)2.918 F .418(The slash character must al)5.418 F -.1 (wa)-.1 G .418(ys be matched e).1 F(xplicitly)-.15 E 5.418(.I)-.65 G 2.918(no) 452.948 518.4 S .418(ther cases, the)465.866 518.4 R F4 -.63(``)2.918 G -.55 (.').63 G(')-.08 E F0(character is not treated specially)108 530.4 Q(.)-.65 E (The special pattern characters ha)108 547.2 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F4(*)108 564 Q F0(Matches an)144 564 Q 2.5(ys)-.15 G (tring, including the null string.)201.06 564 Q F4(?)108 576 Q F0(Matches an) 144 576 Q 2.5(ys)-.15 G(ingle character)201.06 576 Q(.)-.55 E F4([...])108 588 Q F0 1.991(Matches an)144 588 R 4.491(yo)-.15 G 1.991 (ne of the enclosed characters.)206.152 588 R 4.491(Ap)6.991 G 1.992 (air of characters separated by a minus sign)355.828 588 R 1.114(denotes a)144 600 R F3 -.15(ra)3.613 G(ng).15 E(e)-.1 E F0 3.613(;a).18 G 1.413 -.15(ny c) 220.31 600 T 1.113(haracter le).15 F 1.113(xically between those tw)-.15 F 3.613(oc)-.1 G 1.113(haracters, inclusi)396.538 600 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.613(,i) .15 G 3.613(sm)483.344 600 S 3.613(atched. If)498.627 600 R .15 (the \214rst character follo)144 612 R .15(wing the)-.25 F F4([)2.65 E F0 .15 (is a)2.65 F F4(!)2.65 E F0 .15(or a)5.15 F F4(^)2.65 E F0 .15(then an)2.65 F 2.65(yc)-.15 G .15(haracter not enclosed is matched.)368.7 612 R(A)5.15 E F4 2.65 E F0(or)2.65 E F4(])2.65 E F0 (may be matched by including it as the \214rst or last character in the set.) 144 624 Q F4(Quote Remo)87 640.8 Q -.1(va)-.1 G(l).1 E F0 (After the preceding e)108 652.8 Q (xpansions, all unquoted occurrences of the characters)-.15 E F4(\\)2.5 E F0(,) A F4(`)2.5 E F0 2.5(,a)C(nd)429.14 652.8 Q F4(")3.333 E F0(are remo)3.333 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(d.).15 E F1(REDIRECTION)72 669.6 Q F0 .594 (Before a command is e)108 681.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .593 (cuted, its input and output may be).15 F F3 -.37(re)3.093 G(dir).37 E(ected) -.37 E F0 .593(using a special notation interpreted)3.093 F .616(by the shell.) 108 693.6 R .617(Redirection may also be used to open and close \214les for th\ e current shell e)5.616 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .617(cution en).15 F(viron-)-.4 E 3.354(ment. The)108 705.6 R(follo)3.354 E .854 (wing redirection operators may precede or appear an)-.25 F .853 (ywhere within a)-.15 F F3 .853(simple command)3.353 F F0(or)3.353 E(may follo) 108 717.6 Q 2.5(wa)-.25 G F3(command)A F0 5(.R).77 G (edirections are processed in the order the)216.84 717.6 Q 2.5(ya)-.15 G(ppear) 392.47 717.6 Q 2.5(,f)-.4 G(rom left to right.)422.61 717.6 Q 186.79(GNU 1994) 72 768 R(Dec 6)2.5 E(11)530 768 Q EP %%Page: 12 12 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\))-.35 E .447(In the follo)108 84 R .447(wing descriptions, if the \214le descriptor nu\ mber is omitted, and the \214rst character of the redirec-)-.25 F .366 (tion operator is)108 96 R/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(<)2.866 E F0 2.866(,t)C .366 (he redirection refers to the standard input \(\214le descriptor 0\).)185.994 96 R .365(If the \214rst character of the)5.366 F(redirection operator is)108 108 Q F1(>)2.5 E F0 2.5(,t)C (he redirection refers to the standard output \(\214le descriptor 1\).)212.29 108 Q .076(The w)108 124.8 R .076(ord that follo)-.1 F .077 (ws the redirection operator in the follo)-.25 F .077 (wing descriptions is subjected to brace e)-.25 F(xpansion,)-.15 E 1.984 (tilde e)108 136.8 R 1.984(xpansion, parameter e)-.15 F 1.984 (xpansion, command substitution, arithmetic e)-.15 F 1.984 (xpansion, quote remo)-.15 F -.25(va)-.15 G 1.984(l, and).25 F(pathname e)108 148.8 Q 2.5(xpansion. If)-.15 F(it e)2.5 E(xpands to more than one w)-.15 E (ord,)-.1 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0(reports an error)2.5 E(.)-.55 E (Note that the order of redirections is signi\214cant.)108 165.6 Q -.15(Fo)5 G 2.5(re).15 G(xample, the command)325.17 165.6 Q(ls)144 182.4 Q F1(>)2.5 E F0 (dirlist 2)2.5 E F1(>&)A F0(1)A (directs both standard output and standard error to the \214le)108 199.2 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(dirlist)2.5 E F0 2.5(,w).68 G(hile the command)374.21 199.2 Q(ls 2)144 216 Q F1(>&)A F0(1)A F1(>)2.5 E F0(dirlist)2.5 E .387 (directs only the standard output to \214le)108 232.8 R F2(dirlist)2.887 E F0 2.887(,b).68 G .388(ecause the standard error w)299.836 232.8 R .388 (as duplicated as standard output)-.1 F(before the standard output w)108 244.8 Q(as redirected to)-.1 E F2(dirlist)2.5 E F0(.).68 E F1(Redir)87 261.6 Q (ecting Input)-.18 E F0 .453 (Redirection of input causes the \214le whose name results from the e)108 273.6 R .453(xpansion of)-.15 F F2(wor)2.953 E(d)-.37 E F0 .452 (to be opened for read-)2.953 F(ing on \214le descriptor)108 285.6 Q F2(n)2.5 E F0 2.5(,o).24 G 2.5(rt)208.79 285.6 S (he standard input \(\214le descriptor 0\) if)217.4 285.6 Q F2(n)2.5 E F0 (is not speci\214ed.)2.5 E(The general format for redirecting input is:)108 302.4 Q([)144 319.2 Q F2(n)A F0(])A F1(<)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F1(Redir)87 336 Q (ecting Output)-.18 E F0 .236 (Redirection of output causes the \214le whose name results from the e)108 348 R .236(xpansion of)-.15 F F2(wor)2.736 E(d)-.37 E F0 .236 (to be opened for writ-)2.736 F .853(ing on \214le descriptor)108 360 R F2(n) 3.353 E F0 3.353(,o).24 G 3.353(rt)213.055 360 S .853 (he standard output \(\214le descriptor 1\) if)222.518 360 R F2(n)3.353 E F0 .853(is not speci\214ed.)3.353 F .852(If the \214le does not)5.853 F -.15(ex) 108 372 S(ist it is created; if it does e).15 E (xist it is truncated to zero size.)-.15 E (The general format for redirecting output is:)108 388.8 Q([)144 405.6 Q F2(n)A F0(])A F1(>)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 .126(If the redirection operator is)108 422.4 R F1(>|)2.626 E F0 2.626(,t)C .126(hen the v)239.126 422.4 R .127 (alue of the)-.25 F F1(-C)2.627 E F0 .127(option to the)2.627 F F1(set)2.627 E F0 -.2(bu)2.627 G .127(iltin command is not tested, and).2 F (\214le creation is attempted.)108 434.4 Q(\(See also the description of)5 E F1 (noclob)2.5 E(ber)-.1 E F0(under)2.5 E F1(Shell V)2.5 E(ariables)-.92 E F0(abo) 2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(.\)).15 E F1 -.25(Ap)87 451.2 S(pending Redir).25 E (ected Output)-.18 E F0 .704(Redirection of output in this f)108 463.2 R .703 (ashion causes the \214le whose name results from the e)-.1 F .703(xpansion of) -.15 F F2(wor)3.203 E(d)-.37 E F0 .703(to be)3.203 F .505 (opened for appending on \214le descriptor)108 475.2 R F2(n)3.005 E F0 3.005 (,o).24 G 3.005(rt)286.745 475.2 S .505 (he standard output \(\214le descriptor 1\) if)295.86 475.2 R F2(n)3.006 E F0 .506(is not speci\214ed.)3.006 F(If)5.506 E(the \214le does not e)108 487.2 Q (xist it is created.)-.15 E(The general format for appending output is:)108 504 Q([)144 520.8 Q F2(n)A F0(])A F1(>>)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F1(Redir)87 542.4 Q (ecting Standard Output and Standard Err)-.18 E(or)-.18 E(Bash)108 554.4 Q F0 (allo)3.142 E .642(ws both the standard output \(\214le descriptor 1\) and the\ standard error output \(\214le descriptor 2\) to)-.25 F (be redirected to the \214le whose name is the e)108 566.4 Q(xpansion of)-.15 E F2(wor)2.5 E(d)-.37 E F0(with this construct.)2.5 E(There are tw)108 583.2 Q 2.5(of)-.1 G(ormats for redirecting standard output and standard error:)169.26 583.2 Q F1(&>)144 600 Q F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(and)108 612 Q F1(>&)144 624 Q F2 (wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(Of the tw)108 640.8 Q 2.5(of)-.1 G (orms, the \214rst is preferred.)156.5 640.8 Q(This is semantically equi)5 E -.25(va)-.25 G(lent to).25 E F1(>)144 657.6 Q F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(2)2.5 E F1 (>&)A F0(1)A F1(Her)87 674.4 Q 2.5(eD)-.18 G(ocuments)117.64 674.4 Q F0 .33(Th\ is type of redirection instructs the shell to read input from the current sour\ ce until a line containing only)108 686.4 R F2(wor)108 698.4 Q(d)-.37 E F0 .737 (\(with no trailing blanks\) is seen.)3.237 F .737 (All of the lines read up to that point are then used as the standard)5.737 F (input for a command.)108 710.4 Q(The format of here-documents is as follo)108 727.2 Q(ws:)-.25 E 186.79(GNU 1994)72 768 R(Dec 6)2.5 E(12)530 768 Q EP %%Page: 13 13 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\))-.35 E /F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(<<)144 84 Q F0([)A F1A F0(])A/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(wor)A(d)-.37 E(her)164 96 Q(e-document)-.37 E(delimiter)144 108 Q F0 .127 (No parameter e)108 124.8 R .127(xpansion, command substitution, pathname e) -.15 F .127(xpansion, or arithmetic e)-.15 F .128(xpansion is performed)-.15 F (on)108 136.8 Q F2(wor)2.609 E(d)-.37 E F0 5.109(.I).77 G 2.609(fa)152.508 136.8 S .409 -.15(ny c)162.887 136.8 T .109(haracters in).15 F F2(wor)2.609 E (d)-.37 E F0 .109(are quoted, the)2.609 F F2(delimiter)2.609 E F0 .109 (is the result of quote remo)2.609 F -.25(va)-.15 G 2.609(lo).25 G(n)477.053 136.8 Q F2(wor)2.609 E(d)-.37 E F0 2.609(,a).77 G .109(nd the)515.171 136.8 R 1.112(lines in the here-document are not e)108 148.8 R 3.613 (xpanded. Otherwise,)-.15 F 1.113 (all lines of the here-document are subjected to)3.613 F .77(parameter e)108 160.8 R .769(xpansion, command substitution, and arithmetic e)-.15 F 3.269 (xpansion. In)-.15 F .769(the latter case, the pair)3.269 F F1(\\)108 172.8 Q F0(is ignored, and)2.5 E F1(\\)2.5 E F0 (must be used to quote the characters)2.5 E F1(\\)2.5 E F0(,)A F1($)2.5 E F0 2.5(,a)C(nd)368.39 172.8 Q F1(`)2.5 E F0(.)A .601 (If the redirection operator is)108 189.6 R F1(<<\255)3.101 E F0 3.101(,t)C .601(hen all leading tab characters are stripped from input lines and the line) 251.176 189.6 R(containing)108 201.6 Q F2(delimiter)2.5 E F0 5(.T).73 G (his allo)203.17 201.6 Q (ws here-documents within shell scripts to be indented in a natural f)-.25 E (ashion.)-.1 E F1(Duplicating File Descriptors)87 218.4 Q F0 (The redirection operator)108 230.4 Q([)144 247.2 Q F2(n)A F0(])A F1(<&)A F2 (wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 .189(is used to duplicate input \214le descriptors.)108 264 R(If)5.188 E F2(wor)2.688 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.15(ex)2.688 G .188 (pands to one or more digits, the \214le descriptor denoted).15 F(by)108 276 Q F2(n)3.094 E F0 .594(is made to be a cop)3.094 F 3.094(yo)-.1 G 3.094(ft) 222.082 276 S .594(hat \214le descriptor)231.286 276 R 5.594(.I)-.55 G(f) 313.338 276 Q F2(wor)3.094 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.25(eva)3.094 G .594(luates to).25 F F13.094 E F0 3.094<2c8c>C .594(le descriptor)410.578 276 R F2(n)3.094 E F0 .595(is closed.)3.094 F(If)5.595 E F2(n)3.095 E F0(is)3.095 E (not speci\214ed, the standard input \(\214le descriptor 0\) is used.)108 288 Q (The operator)108 304.8 Q([)144 321.6 Q F2(n)A F0(])A F1(>&)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 .021(is used similarly to duplicate output \214le descriptors.)108 338.4 R (If)5.021 E F2(n)2.521 E F0 .021 (is not speci\214ed, the standard output \(\214le descriptor)2.521 F .381 (1\) is used.)108 350.4 R .382(As a special case, if)5.381 F F2(n)2.882 E F0 .382(is omitted, and)2.882 F F2(wor)2.882 E(d)-.37 E F0 .382(does not e)2.882 F .382(xpand to one or more digits, the standard)-.15 F (output and standard error are redirected as described pre)108 362.4 Q(viously) -.25 E(.)-.65 E F1(Opening File Descriptors f)87 379.2 Q (or Reading and Writing)-.25 E F0(The redirection operator)108 391.2 Q([)144 408 Q F2(n)A F0(])A F1(<>)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 1.408 (causes the \214le whose name is the e)108 424.8 R 1.407(xpansion of)-.15 F F2 (wor)3.907 E(d)-.37 E F0 1.407 (to be opened for both reading and writing on \214le)3.907 F(descriptor)108 436.8 Q F2(n)2.714 E F0 2.714(,o).24 G 2.714(ra)166.158 436.8 S 2.714(st) 176.642 436.8 S .214(he standard input and standard output if)186.026 436.8 R F2(n)2.715 E F0 .215(is not speci\214ed.)2.715 F .215(If the \214le does not e) 5.215 F .215(xist, it is)-.15 F(created.)108 448.8 Q/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF (FUNCTIONS)72 465.6 Q F0 3.468(As)108 477.6 S .968 (hell function, de\214ned as described abo)122.578 477.6 R 1.267 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F3 .967(SHELL GRAMMAR)3.467 F/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F0 .967 (stores a series of commands for)3.217 F 1.276(later e)108 489.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.776(cution. Functions).15 F 1.276(are e)3.776 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.276 (cuted in the conte).15 F 1.277(xt of the current shell; no ne)-.15 F 3.777(wp) -.25 G 1.277(rocess is created to)460.359 489.6 R .953 (interpret them \(contrast this with the e)108 501.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .952 (cution of a shell script\).).15 F .952(When a function is e)5.952 F -.15(xe) -.15 G .952(cuted, the ar).15 F(gu-)-.18 E 1.102 (ments to the function become the positional parameters during its e)108 513.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.602(cution. The).15 F 1.102(special parameter)3.602 F F1(#) 3.602 E F0(is)3.602 E(updated to re\215ect the change.)108 525.6 Q (Positional parameter 0 is unchanged.)5 E -1.11(Va)108 542.4 S .656 (riables local to the function may be declared with the)1.11 F F1(local)3.155 E F0 -.2(bu)3.155 G .655(iltin command.).2 F(Ordinarily)5.655 E 3.155(,v)-.65 G .655(ariables and)491.305 542.4 R(their v)108 554.4 Q (alues are shared between the function and its caller)-.25 E(.)-.55 E .043 (If the b)108 571.2 R .043(uiltin command)-.2 F F1 -.18(re)2.543 G(tur).18 E(n) -.15 E F0 .043(is e)2.543 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .043 (cuted in a function, the function completes and e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .044 (cution resumes with).15 F .312(the ne)108 583.2 R .312 (xt command after the function call.)-.15 F .311 (When a function completes, the v)5.311 F .311(alues of the positional parame-) -.25 F(ters and the special parameter)108 595.2 Q F1(#)2.5 E F0 (are restored to the v)2.5 E(alues the)-.25 E 2.5(yh)-.15 G (ad prior to function e)363.64 595.2 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cution.).15 E .939 (Function names may be listed with the)108 612 R F13.439 E F0 .939 (option to the)3.439 F F1(declar)3.44 E(e)-.18 E F0(or)3.44 E F1(typeset)3.44 E F0 -.2(bu)3.44 G .94(iltin commands.).2 F(Functions)5.94 E .25(may be e)108 624 R .25(xported so that subshells automatically ha)-.15 F .55 -.15(ve t)-.2 H .25 (hem de\214ned with the).15 F F12.75 E F0 .25(option to the)2.75 F F1 (export)2.75 E F0 -.2(bu)2.75 G(iltin.).2 E(Functions may be recursi)108 640.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 5(.N).15 G 2.5(ol)232.58 640.8 S (imit is imposed on the number of recursi)242.86 640.8 Q .3 -.15(ve c)-.25 H (alls.).15 E F3(ALIASES)72 657.6 Q F0 .334(The shell maintains a list of)108 669.6 R F2(aliases)2.835 E F0 .335(that may be set and unset with the)2.835 F F1(alias)2.835 E F0(and)2.835 E F1(unalias)2.835 E F0 -.2(bu)2.835 G .335 (iltin commands).2 F(\(see)108 681.6 Q F3 .763(SHELL B)3.264 F(UIL)-.09 E .763 (TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)3.013 E 3.263(w\). The)-.25 F .763(\214rst w) 3.263 F .763(ord of each command, if unquoted, is check)-.1 F .763(ed to)-.1 F .633(see if it has an alias.)108 693.6 R .633(If so, that w)5.633 F .633 (ord is replaced by the te)-.1 F .634(xt of the alias.)-.15 F .634 (The alias name and the replace-)5.634 F .581(ment te)108 705.6 R .581 (xt may contain an)-.15 F 3.081(yv)-.15 G .581(alid shell input, including the) 223.955 705.6 R F2(metac)3.081 E(har)-.15 E(acter)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 .58 (listed abo)3.08 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.08(,w).15 G .58(ith the e)472.33 705.6 R (xception)-.15 E .996(that the alias name may not contain)108 717.6 R F2(=) 3.496 E F0 5.996(.T)C .996(he \214rst w)280.478 717.6 R .997 (ord of the replacement te)-.1 F .997(xt is tested for aliases, b)-.15 F .997 (ut a)-.2 F -.1(wo)108 729.6 S .495(rd that is identical to an alias being e).1 F .495(xpanded is not e)-.15 F .495(xpanded a second time.)-.15 F .494 (This means that one may)5.494 F 186.79(GNU 1994)72 768 R(Dec 6)2.5 E(13)530 768 Q EP %%Page: 14 14 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\))-.35 E (alias)108 84 Q/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(ls)3.019 E F0(to)3.019 E F1 .519 (ls \255F)3.019 F F0 3.019(,f)C .519(or instance, and)180.185 84 R F1(bash) 3.019 E F0 .52(does not try to recursi)3.019 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .52(ly e).15 F .52(xpand the replacement te)-.15 F 3.02(xt. If)-.15 F .52(the last)3.02 F .441 (character of the alias v)108 96 R .441(alue is a)-.25 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(blank)2.941 E F0 2.941(,t).67 G .441(hen the ne)267.739 96 R .441 (xt command w)-.15 F .441(ord follo)-.1 F .441(wing the alias is also check) -.25 F .441(ed for)-.1 F(alias e)108 108 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E (Aliases are created and listed with the)108 124.8 Q F1(alias)2.5 E F0 (command, and remo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(dw).15 G(ith the)389.87 124.8 Q F1 (unalias)2.5 E F0(command.)2.5 E .545(There is no mechanism for using ar)108 141.6 R .545(guments in the replacement te)-.18 F .546(xt, as in)-.15 F F1(csh) 3.046 E F0 5.546(.I)C 3.046(fa)435.536 141.6 S -.18(rg)446.352 141.6 S .546 (uments are needed, a).18 F(shell function should be used.)108 153.6 Q (Aliases are not e)108 170.4 Q(xpanded when the shell is not interacti)-.15 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(.).15 E .436 (The rules concerning the de\214nition and use of aliases are some)108 187.2 R .435(what confusing.)-.25 F F1(Bash)5.435 E F0(al)2.935 E -.1(wa)-.1 G .435 (ys reads at least).1 F .337(one complete line of input before e)108 199.2 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .338(cuting an).15 F 2.838(yo)-.15 G 2.838(ft)309.098 199.2 S .338(he commands on that line.)318.046 199.2 R .338(Aliases are e)5.338 F .338 (xpanded when)-.15 F 3.404(ac)108 211.2 S .904 (ommand is read, not when it is e)120.284 211.2 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.404 (cuted. Therefore,).15 F .904 (an alias de\214nition appearing on the same line as)3.404 F .728 (another command does not tak)108 223.2 R 3.228(ee)-.1 G -.25(ff)245.68 223.2 S .728(ect until the ne).25 F .728(xt line of input is read.)-.15 F .729 (This means that the commands)5.729 F(follo)108 235.2 Q .699 (wing the alias de\214nition on that line are not af)-.25 F .699 (fected by the ne)-.25 F 3.199(wa)-.25 G 3.199(lias. This)397.127 235.2 R(beha) 3.199 E .699(vior is also an issue)-.2 F .072(when functions are e)108 247.2 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.572(cuted. Aliases).15 F .072(are e)2.572 F .073 (xpanded when the function de\214nition is read, not when the func-)-.15 F .88 (tion is e)108 259.2 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .88 (cuted, because a function de\214nition is itself a compound command.).15 F .88 (As a consequence, aliases)5.88 F .084(de\214ned in a function are not a)108 271.2 R -.25(va)-.2 G .085(ilable until after that function is e).25 F -.15(xe) -.15 G 2.585(cuted. T).15 F 2.585(ob)-.8 G 2.585(es)427.025 271.2 S .085 (afe, al)437.94 271.2 R -.1(wa)-.1 G .085(ys put alias de\214-).1 F (nitions on a separate line, and do not use)108 283.2 Q F1(alias)2.5 E F0 (in compound commands.)2.5 E(Note that for almost e)108 300 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G (ry purpose, aliases are superseded by shell functions.).15 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(JOB CONTR)72 316.8 Q(OL)-.27 E F2 -.25(Jo)108 328.8 S 4.602(bc).25 G(ontr) 131.232 328.8 Q(ol)-.45 E F0 2.102(refers to the ability to selecti)4.602 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.101(ly stop \().15 F F2(suspend)A F0 4.601(\)t)C 2.101(he e) 373.445 328.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.101(cution of processes and continue).15 F(\() 108 340.8 Q F2 -.37(re)C(sume).37 E F0 3.201(\)t)C .701(heir e)149.151 340.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .702(cution at a later point.).15 F 3.202(Au)5.702 G .702 (ser typically emplo)292.904 340.8 R .702(ys this f)-.1 F .702 (acility via an interacti)-.1 F 1.002 -.15(ve i)-.25 H(nterf).15 E(ace)-.1 E (supplied jointly by the system')108 352.8 Q 2.5(st)-.55 G(erminal dri)239.96 352.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ra).15 G(nd)303.43 352.8 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0(.)A .894 (The shell associates a)108 369.6 R F2(job)3.394 E F0 .894(with each pipeline.) 3.394 F .894(It k)5.894 F .894(eeps a table of currently e)-.1 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .894(cuting jobs, which may be).15 F .34(listed with the)108 381.6 R F1(jobs) 2.84 E F0 2.84(command. When)2.84 F F1(bash)2.84 E F0 .341 (starts a job asynchronously \(in the)2.84 F F2(bac)2.841 E(kgr)-.2 E(ound)-.45 E F0 .341(\), it prints a line).77 F(that looks lik)108 393.6 Q(e:)-.1 E ([1] 25647)144 410.4 Q .241(indicating that this job is job number 1 and that \ the process ID of the last process in the pipeline associated)108 427.2 R .732 (with this job is 25647.)108 439.2 R .733 (All of the processes in a single pipeline are members of the same job)5.732 F (.)-.4 E F1(Bash)5.733 E F0(uses)3.233 E(the)108 451.2 Q F2(job)2.5 E F0 (abstraction as the basis for job control.)2.5 E 2.564 -.8(To f)108 468 T .964 (acilitate the implementation of the user interf).7 F .963 (ace to job control, the system maintains the notion of a)-.1 F F2(curr)108 480 Q .722(ent terminal pr)-.37 F .722(ocess gr)-.45 F .722(oup ID)-.45 F F0 5.722 (.M)C .723(embers of this process group \(processes whose process group ID is) 265.05 480 R .342(equal to the current terminal process group ID\) recei)108 492 R .641 -.15(ve k)-.25 H -.15(ey).05 G .341(board-generated signals such as) .15 F F3(SIGINT)2.841 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0(These)4.841 E .215 (processes are said to be in the)108 504 R F2(for)2.716 E -.4(eg)-.37 G -.45 (ro).4 G(und).45 E F0(.).77 E F2(Bac)5.216 E(kgr)-.2 E(ound)-.45 E F0 .216 (processes are those whose process group ID dif)2.716 F(fers)-.25 E .3 (from the terminal')108 516 R .3(s; such processes are immune to k)-.55 F -.15 (ey)-.1 G .3(board-generated signals.).15 F .3(Only fore)5.3 F .3 (ground processes)-.15 F .252(are allo)108 528 R .252 (wed to read from or write to the terminal.)-.25 F .253 (Background processes which attempt to read from \(write)5.252 F 1.031 (to\) the terminal are sent a)108 540 R F3 1.031(SIGTTIN \(SIGTT)3.531 F(OU\)) -.162 E F0 1.031(signal by the terminal dri)3.281 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.831 -.4 (r, w).15 H 1.03(hich, unless caught, sus-).4 F(pends the process.)108 552 Q .678(If the operating system on which)108 568.8 R F1(bash)3.178 E F0 .678 (is running supports job control,)3.178 F F1(bash)3.178 E F0(allo)3.179 E .679 (ws you to use it.)-.25 F -.8(Ty)5.679 G(ping).8 E(the)108 580.8 Q F2(suspend) 2.682 E F0 .182(character \(typically)2.682 F F1(^Z)2.682 E F0 2.682(,C)C .182 (ontrol-Z\) while a process is running causes that process to be stopped)259.99 580.8 R .006(and returns you to)108 592.8 R F1(bash)2.506 E F0 5.006(.T)C .007 (yping the)215.84 592.8 R F2 .007(delayed suspend)2.507 F F0 .007 (character \(typically)2.507 F F1(^Y)2.507 E F0 2.507(,C)C .007 (ontrol-Y\) causes the process)426.399 592.8 R .004(to be stopped when it atte\ mpts to read input from the terminal, and control to be returned to)108 604.8 R F1(bash)2.504 E F0 5.004(.Y)C .004(ou may)510.276 604.8 R .618 (then manipulate the state of this job, using the)108 616.8 R F1(bg)3.118 E F0 .619(command to continue it in the background, the)3.118 F F1(fg)3.119 E F0 (com-)3.119 E .826(mand to continue it in the fore)108 628.8 R .825 (ground, or the)-.15 F F1(kill)3.325 E F0 .825(command to kill it.)3.325 F(A) 5.825 E F1(^Z)3.325 E F0(tak)3.325 E .825(es ef)-.1 F .825(fect immediately) -.25 F 3.325(,a)-.65 G(nd)530 628.8 Q(has the additional side ef)108 640.8 Q (fect of causing pending output and typeahead to be discarded.)-.25 E 1.097 (There are a number of w)108 657.6 R 1.097(ays to refer to a job in the shell.) -.1 F 1.097(The character)6.097 F F1(%)3.597 E F0 1.098(introduces a job name.) 3.597 F(Job)6.098 E(number)108 669.6 Q F2(n)2.797 E F0 .296 (may be referred to as)2.797 F F1(%n)2.796 E F0 5.296(.A)C .296 (job may also be referred to using a pre\214x of the name used to start)270.906 669.6 R .277(it, or using a substring that appears in its command line.)108 681.6 R -.15(Fo)5.277 G 2.777(re).15 G(xample,)360.734 681.6 Q F1(%ce)2.777 E F0 .277(refers to a stopped)2.777 F F1(ce)2.777 E F0(job)2.778 E 5.278(.I)-.4 G 2.778(fa)529.452 681.6 S .38(pre\214x matches more than one job,)108 693.6 R F1 (bash)2.88 E F0 .38(reports an error)2.88 F 5.38(.U)-.55 G(sing)348.71 693.6 Q F1(%?ce)2.88 E F0 2.88(,o)C 2.88(nt)402.52 693.6 S .38 (he other hand, refers to an)413.18 693.6 R 2.88(yj)-.15 G(ob)530 693.6 Q .622 (containing the string)108 705.6 R F1(ce)3.122 E F0 .622(in its command line.) 3.122 F .622(If the substring matches more than one job,)5.622 F F1(bash)3.123 E F0 .623(reports an)3.123 F(error)108 717.6 Q 5.143(.T)-.55 G .143(he symbols) 140.633 717.6 R F1(%%)2.643 E F0(and)2.643 E F1(%+)2.643 E F0 .143 (refer to the shell')2.643 F 2.643(sn)-.55 G .143(otion of the)326.77 717.6 R F2(curr)2.643 E .143(ent job)-.37 F F0 2.643(,w).23 G .143 (hich is the last job stopped)432.895 717.6 R .118(while it w)108 729.6 R .118 (as in the fore)-.1 F 2.618(ground. The)-.15 F F2(pr)2.618 E -.15(ev)-.37 G .118(ious job).15 F F0 .118(may be referenced using)2.618 F F1<25ad>2.619 E F0 5.119(.I)C 2.619(no)433.964 729.6 S .119(utput pertaining to jobs)446.583 729.6 R 186.79(GNU 1994)72 768 R(Dec 6)2.5 E(14)530 768 Q EP %%Page: 15 15 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\))-.35 E .076(\(e.g., the output of the)108 84 R/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(jobs)2.576 E F0 .076(command\), the current job is al)2.576 F -.1(wa)-.1 G .076 (ys \215agged with a).1 F F1(+)2.576 E F0 2.576(,a)C .076(nd the pre)442.726 84 R .076(vious job with)-.25 F(a)108 96 Q F12.5 E F0(.)A .443 (Simply naming a job can be used to bring it into the fore)108 112.8 R(ground:) -.15 E F1(%1)2.944 E F0 .444(is a synon)2.944 F .444(ym for)-.15 F F1 -.63(``) 2.944 G .444(fg %1').63 F(')-.63 E F0 2.944(,b)C(ringing)511.11 112.8 Q 1.473 (job 1 from the background into the fore)108 124.8 R 3.973(ground. Similarly) -.15 F(,)-.65 E F1 -.63(``)3.972 G 1.472(%1 &').63 F(')-.63 E F0 1.472 (resumes job 1 in the background,)3.972 F(equi)108 136.8 Q -.25(va)-.25 G (lent to).25 E F1 -.63(``)2.5 G(bg %1').63 E(')-.63 E F0(.)A .13 (The shell learns immediately whene)108 153.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.63(raj).15 G .13(ob changes state.)277.79 153.6 R(Normally)5.131 E(,)-.65 E F1(bash)2.631 E F0 -.1(wa)2.631 G .131(its until it is about to print a).1 F .276 (prompt before reporting changes in a job')108 165.6 R 2.776(ss)-.55 G .276 (tatus so as to not interrupt an)286.292 165.6 R 2.776(yo)-.15 G .276 (ther output.)416.124 165.6 R .276(If the)5.276 F F1(-b)2.776 E F0 .276 (option to)2.776 F(the)108 177.6 Q F1(set)2.871 E F0 -.2(bu)2.871 G .371 (iltin command is set,).2 F F1(bash)2.871 E F0 .371 (reports such changes immediately)2.871 F 5.371(.\()-.65 G .372 (See also the description of)405.101 177.6 R F1(notify)2.872 E F0 -.25(va)108 189.6 S(riable under).25 E F1(Shell V)2.5 E(ariables)-.92 E F0(abo)2.5 E -.15 (ve)-.15 G(.\)).15 E .529(If you attempt to e)108 206.4 R(xit)-.15 E F1(bash) 3.029 E F0 .529(while jobs are stopped, the shell prints a message w)3.029 F .529(arning you.)-.1 F -1.1(Yo)5.529 G 3.029(um)1.1 G .528(ay then)510.312 206.4 R .644(use the)108 218.4 R F1(jobs)3.144 E F0 .644 (command to inspect their status.)3.144 F .644(If you do this, or try to e) 5.644 F .644(xit ag)-.15 F .644(ain immediately)-.05 F 3.144(,y)-.65 G .644 (ou are not)498.722 218.4 R -.1(wa)108 230.4 S(rned ag).1 E (ain, and the stopped jobs are terminated.)-.05 E/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIGN)72 247.2 Q(ALS)-.18 E F0(When)108 259.2 Q F1(bash)2.633 E F0 .133(is interacti) 2.633 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.633(,i).15 G 2.633(ti)216.182 259.2 S(gnores)224.375 259.2 Q F2(SIGTERM)2.633 E F0 .133(\(so that)2.383 F F1 .132(kill 0)2.632 F F0 .132(does not kill an interacti)2.632 F .432 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .132(hell\), and) .15 F F2(SIGINT)2.632 E F0 .33(is caught and handled \(so that the)108 271.2 R F1(wait)2.83 E F0 -.2(bu)2.83 G .33(iltin is interruptible\).).2 F .331 (In all cases,)5.331 F F1(bash)2.831 E F0(ignores)2.831 E F2(SIGQ)2.831 E(UIT) -.09 E/F3 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .331(If job)4.831 F(control is in ef)108 283.2 Q(fect,)-.25 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0(ignores)2.5 E F2(SIGTTIN)2.5 E F3(,)A F2 (SIGTT)2.25 E(OU)-.162 E F3(,)A F0(and)2.25 E F2(SIGTSTP)2.5 E F3(.)A F0 1.658 (Synchronous jobs started by)108 300 R F1(bash)4.158 E F0(ha)4.158 E 1.958 -.15 (ve s)-.2 H 1.658(ignals set to the v).15 F 1.657 (alues inherited by the shell from its parent.)-.25 F 1.429 (When job control is not in ef)108 312 R 1.429 (fect, background jobs \(jobs started with)-.25 F F1(&)3.93 E F0 3.93(\)i)C (gnore)419.07 312 Q F2(SIGINT)3.93 E F0(and)3.68 E F2(SIGQ)3.93 E(UIT)-.09 E F3 (.)A F0 1.95(Commands run as a result of command substitution ignore the k)108 324 R -.15(ey)-.1 G 1.95(board-generated job control signals).15 F F2(SIGTTIN) 108 336 Q F3(,)A F2(SIGTT)2.25 E(OU)-.162 E F3(,)A F0(and)2.25 E F2(SIGTSTP)2.5 E F3(.)A F2(COMMAND EXECUTION)72 352.8 Q F0 .546 (After a command has been split into w)108 364.8 R .547 (ords, if it results in a simple command and an optional list of ar)-.1 F(gu-) -.18 E(ments, the follo)108 376.8 Q(wing actions are tak)-.25 E(en.)-.1 E .379 (If the command name contains no slashes, the shell attempts to locate it.)108 393.6 R .379(If there e)5.379 F .379(xists a shell function by)-.15 F .246 (that name, that function is in)108 405.6 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.746(da) .1 G 2.746(sd)254.596 405.6 S .246(escribed abo)266.232 405.6 R .546 -.15(ve i) -.15 H(n).15 E F2(FUNCTIONS)2.746 E F3(.)A F0 .246 (If the name does not match a func-)4.746 F (tion, the shell searches for it in the list of shell b)108 417.6 Q 2.5 (uiltins. If)-.2 F 2.5(am)2.5 G(atch is found, that b)356.4 417.6 Q (uiltin is in)-.2 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d.).1 E .31 (If the name is neither a shell function nor a b)108 434.4 R .309 (uiltin, and contains no slashes,)-.2 F F1(bash)2.809 E F0 .309 (searches each element of)2.809 F(the)108 446.4 Q F2 -.666(PA)2.777 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .277(for a directory containing an e)2.527 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .277 (cutable \214le by that name.).15 F .277 (If the search is unsuccessful, the shell)5.277 F (prints an error message and returns a nonzero e)108 458.4 Q(xit status.)-.15 E 1.089(If the search is successful, or if the command name contains one or more\ slashes, the shell e)108 475.2 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.089(cutes the).15 F .048 (named program.)108 487.2 R(Ar)5.048 E .049(gument 0 is set to the name gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .049(n, and the remaining ar).15 F .049 (guments to the command are set)-.18 F(to the ar)108 499.2 Q(guments gi)-.18 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(n, if an).15 E -.65(y.)-.15 G 1.809(If this e)108 516 R -.15(xe) -.15 G 1.809(cution f).15 F 1.809(ails because the \214le is not in e)-.1 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.809(cutable format, and the \214le is not a directory).15 F 4.309(,i)-.65 G 4.309(ti)526.241 516 S(s)536.11 516 Q .677(assumed to be a)108 528 R/F4 10/Times-Italic@0 SF .678(shell script)3.177 F F0 3.178(,a\214)C .678 (le containing shell commands.)240.512 528 R 3.178(As)5.678 G .678 (ubshell is spa)384.172 528 R .678(wned to e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .678 (cute it.).15 F(This)5.678 E .33(subshell reinitializes itself, so that the ef) 108 540 R .33(fect is as if a ne)-.25 F 2.829(ws)-.25 G .329(hell had been in) 348.368 540 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.829(dt).1 G 2.829(oh)442.304 540 S .329(andle the script, with)455.133 540 R 1.219(the e)108 552 R 1.219 (xception that the locations of commands remembered by the parent \(see)-.15 F F1(hash)3.719 E F0(belo)3.719 E 3.719(wu)-.25 G(nder)488.496 552 Q F2(SHELL) 3.719 E -.09(BU)108 564 S(IL).09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F3(\))A F0 (are retained by the child.)2.25 E .348(If the program is a \214le be)108 580.8 R .348(ginning with)-.15 F F1(#!)2.848 E F0 2.848(,t)C .347 (he remainder of the \214rst line speci\214es an interpreter for the pro-) 281.522 580.8 R 3.178(gram. The)108 592.8 R .678(shell e)3.178 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .678(cutes the speci\214ed interpreter on operating systems that do not handle\ this e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cutable).15 E 1.193(format themselv)108 604.8 R 3.693(es. The)-.15 F(ar)3.693 E 1.193 (guments to the interpreter consist of a single optional ar)-.18 F 1.192 (gument follo)-.18 F 1.192(wing the)-.25 F 1.13 (interpreter name on the \214rst line of the program, follo)108 616.8 R 1.131 (wed by the name of the program, follo)-.25 F 1.131(wed by the)-.25 F (command ar)108 628.8 Q(guments, if an)-.18 E -.65(y.)-.15 G F2(ENVIR)72 645.6 Q(ONMENT)-.27 E F0 2.354(When a program is in)108 657.6 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke) .2 G 4.853(di).1 G 4.853(ti)235.438 657.6 S 4.853(sg)245.851 657.6 S -2.15 -.25 (iv e)259.594 657.6 T 4.853(na).25 G 4.853(na)285.707 657.6 S 2.353 (rray of strings called the)300 657.6 R F4(en)4.853 E(vir)-.4 E(onment)-.45 E F0 7.353(.T).68 G 2.353(his is a list of)477.248 657.6 R F4(name)108 669.6 Q F0 A F4(value)A F0(pairs, of the form)2.5 E F4(name)2.5 E F0(=)A F4(value)A F0 (.).18 E .172(The shell allo)108 686.4 R .172(ws you to manipulate the en)-.25 F .172(vironment in se)-.4 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .172(ral w).15 F 2.672(ays. On)-.1 F(in)2.673 E -.2(vo)-.4 G .173(cation, the shell scans its o).2 F(wn)-.25 E(en) 108 698.4 Q .186(vironment and creates a parameter for each name found, automa\ tically marking it for)-.4 F F4 -.2(ex)2.686 G(port).2 E F0 .186(to child pro-) 2.686 F 2.703(cesses. Ex)108 710.4 R .203(ecuted commands inherit the en)-.15 F 2.703(vironment. The)-.4 F F1(export)2.703 E F0(and)2.703 E F1(declar)2.703 E 2.703<65ad>-.18 G(x)433.27 710.4 Q F0 .203(commands allo)2.703 F 2.704(wp)-.25 G(aram-)516.68 710.4 Q 1.153 (eters and functions to be added to and deleted from the en)108 722.4 R 3.653 (vironment. If)-.4 F 1.153(the v)3.653 F 1.153(alue of a parameter in the)-.25 F 186.79(GNU 1994)72 768 R(Dec 6)2.5 E(15)530 768 Q EP %%Page: 16 16 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\))-.35 E (en)108 84 Q .64(vironment is modi\214ed, the ne)-.4 F 3.14(wv)-.25 G .64 (alue becomes part of the en)251.96 84 R .64(vironment, replacing the old.)-.4 F .64(The en)5.64 F(viron-)-.4 E .58(ment inherited by an)108 96 R 3.08(ye)-.15 G -.15(xe)204.45 96 S .58(cuted command consists of the shell').15 F 3.08(si) -.55 G .58(nitial en)373.88 96 R .58(vironment, whose v)-.4 F .58(alues may be) -.25 F .3(modi\214ed in the shell, less an)108 108 R 2.8(yp)-.15 G .3 (airs remo)236.04 108 R -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.8(db).15 G 2.801(yt)295.77 108 S(he) 306.351 108 Q/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(unset)2.801 E F0 .301(command, plus an) 2.801 F 2.801(ya)-.15 G .301(dditions via the)429.916 108 R F1(export)2.801 E F0(and)2.801 E F1(declar)108 120 Q 2.5<65ad>-.18 G(x)147.12 120 Q F0(commands.) 2.5 E .637(The en)108 136.8 R .637(vironment for an)-.4 F(y)-.15 E/F2 10 /Times-Italic@0 SF .637(simple command)3.137 F F0 .636 (or function may be augmented temporarily by pre\214xing it with)3.137 F .202 (parameter assignments, as described abo)108 148.8 R .502 -.15(ve i)-.15 H(n) .15 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -.666(PA)2.702 G(RAMETERS).666 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .202(These assignment statements af)4.702 F .203(fect only the)-.25 F (en)108 160.8 Q(vironment seen by that command.)-.4 E .593(If the)108 177.6 R F13.093 E F0 .593(\215ag is set \(see the)3.093 F F1(set)3.093 E F0 -.2 (bu)3.093 G .593(iltin command belo).2 F .593(w\), then)-.25 F F2(all)3.092 E F0 .592(parameter assignments are placed in the)3.092 F(en)108 189.6 Q (vironment for a command, not just those that precede the command name.)-.4 E (When)108 206.4 Q F1(bash)3.163 E F0(in)3.163 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.163 (sa).1 G 3.163(ne)196.229 206.4 S .663(xternal command, the v)208.682 206.4 R (ariable)-.25 E F1(_)3.163 E F0 .663 (is set to the full path name of the command and)3.163 F (passed to that command in its en)108 218.4 Q(vironment.)-.4 E F3(EXIT ST)72 235.2 Q -.855(AT)-.81 G(US).855 E F0 -.15(Fo)108 247.2 S 2.904(rt).15 G .403 (he purposes of the shell, a command which e)127.424 247.2 R .403 (xits with a zero e)-.15 F .403(xit status has succeeded.)-.15 F .403(An e) 5.403 F .403(xit status)-.15 F .321(of zero indicates success.)108 259.2 R 2.821(An)5.321 G .321(on\255zero e)230.405 259.2 R .321(xit status indicates f) -.15 F 2.821(ailure. When)-.1 F 2.821(ac)2.821 G .322(ommand terminates on a f) 419.942 259.2 R(atal)-.1 E(signal,)108 271.2 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0(uses the v)2.5 E(alue of 128+)-.25 E F1(signal)A F0(as the e)2.5 E(xit status.)-.15 E .405 (If a command is not found, the child process created to e)108 288 R -.15(xe) -.15 G .404(cute it returns a status of 127.).15 F .404(If a command is)5.404 F (found b)108 300 Q(ut is not e)-.2 E -.15(xe)-.15 G (cutable, the return status is 126.).15 E F1(Bash)108 316.8 Q F0 .201 (itself returns the e)2.701 F .202(xit status of the last command e)-.15 F -.15 (xe)-.15 G .202(cuted, unless a syntax error occurs, in which case).15 F(it e) 108 328.8 Q(xits with a non\255zero v)-.15 E 2.5(alue. See)-.25 F(also the)2.5 E F1(exit)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin command belo).2 E -.65(w.)-.25 G F3(PR)72 345.6 Q(OMPTING)-.27 E F0 .645(When e)108 357.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .645 (cuting interacti).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E(,)-.65 E F1(bash)3.145 E F0 .645(displays the primary prompt)3.145 F F3(PS1)3.145 E F0 .645 (when it is ready to read a command,)2.895 F 1.825(and the secondary prompt)108 369.6 R F3(PS2)4.325 E F0 1.825 (when it needs more input to complete a command.)4.075 F F1(Bash)6.826 E F0 (allo)4.326 E 1.826(ws these)-.25 F 1.499(prompt strings to be customized by i\ nserting a number of backslash-escaped special characters that are)108 381.6 R (decoded as follo)108 393.6 Q(ws:)-.25 E F1(\\t)144 405.6 Q F0 (the current time in HH:MM:SS format)180 405.6 Q F1(\\d)144 417.6 Q F0 (the date in "W)180 417.6 Q(eekday Month Date" format \(e.g., "T)-.8 E (ue May 26"\))-.45 E F1(\\n)144 429.6 Q F0(ne)180 429.6 Q(wline)-.25 E F1(\\s) 144 441.6 Q F0(the name of the shell, the basename of)180 441.6 Q F1($0)2.5 E F0(\(the portion follo)2.5 E(wing the \214nal slash\))-.25 E F1(\\w)144 453.6 Q F0(the current w)180 453.6 Q(orking directory)-.1 E F1(\\W)144 465.6 Q F0 (the basename of the current w)180 465.6 Q(orking directory)-.1 E F1(\\u)144 477.6 Q F0(the username of the current user)180 477.6 Q F1(\\h)144 489.6 Q F0 (the hostname)180 489.6 Q F1(\\#)144 501.6 Q F0 (the command number of this command)180 501.6 Q F1(\\!)144 513.6 Q F0 (the history number of this command)180 513.6 Q F1(\\$)144 525.6 Q F0 (if the ef)180 525.6 Q(fecti)-.25 E .3 -.15(ve U)-.25 H(ID is 0, a).15 E F1(#) 2.5 E F0 2.5(,o)C(therwise a)301.54 525.6 Q F1($)2.5 E(\\nnn)144 537.6 Q F0 (the character corresponding to the octal number)180 537.6 Q F1(nnn)2.5 E(\\\\) 144 549.6 Q F0 2.5(ab)180 549.6 S(ackslash)191.94 549.6 Q F1(\\[)144 561.6 Q F0 (be)180 561.6 Q 1.257(gin a sequence of non-printing characters, which could b\ e used to embed a terminal)-.15 F(control sequence into the prompt)180 573.6 Q F1(\\])144 585.6 Q F0(end a sequence of non-printing characters)180 585.6 Q .12 (The command number and the history number are usually dif)108 602.4 R .119 (ferent: the history number of a command is its)-.25 F 1.585(position in the h\ istory list, which may include commands restored from the history \214le \(see) 108 614.4 R F3(HIST)4.085 E(OR)-.162 E(Y)-.315 E F0(belo)108 626.4 Q .541 (w\), while the command number is the position in the sequence of commands e) -.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .54(cuted during the cur).15 F(-)-.2 E .546 (rent shell session.)108 638.4 R .546(After the string is decoded, it is e) 5.546 F .546(xpanded via parameter e)-.15 F .546(xpansion, command substitu-) -.15 F(tion, arithmetic e)108 650.4 Q(xpansion, and w)-.15 E(ord splitting.)-.1 E F3(READLINE)72 667.2 Q F0 1.374 (This is the library that handles reading input when using an interacti)108 679.2 R 1.674 -.15(ve s)-.25 H 1.374(hell, unless the).15 F F1 (\255nolineediting)3.874 E F0 .032(option is gi)108 691.2 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.532(n. By).15 F(def)2.532 E .032 (ault, the line editing commands are similar to those of emacs.)-.1 F 2.533(Av) 5.033 G .033(i-style line editing)467.154 691.2 R(interf)108 703.2 Q (ace is also a)-.1 E -.25(va)-.2 G(ilable.).25 E .568 (In this section, the emacs-style notation is used to denote k)108 720 R -.15 (ey)-.1 G(strok).15 E 3.067(es. Control)-.1 F -.1(ke)3.067 G .567 (ys are denoted by C\255)-.05 F F2 -.1(ke)C(y)-.2 E F0(,)A 186.79(GNU 1994)72 768 R(Dec 6)2.5 E(16)530 768 Q EP %%Page: 17 17 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\))-.35 E 1.195(e.g., C\255n means Control\255N.)108 84 R(Similarly)6.195 E(,)-.65 E/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(meta)3.695 E F0 -.1(ke)3.695 G 1.195 (ys are denoted by M\255)-.05 F F1 -.1(ke)C(y)-.2 E F0 3.696(,s)C 3.696(oM) 421.176 84 S 1.196(\255x means Meta\255X.)438.762 84 R(\(On)6.196 E -.1(ke)108 96 S .933(yboards without a)-.05 F F1(meta)3.433 E F0 -.1(ke)3.433 G 2.233 -.65 (y, M)-.05 H.65 E F1(x)A F0 .933(means ESC)3.433 F F1(x)3.433 E F0 3.433 (,i)C .933(.e., press the Escape k)322.807 96 R 1.232 -.15(ey t)-.1 H .932 (hen the).15 F F1(x)3.432 E F0 -.1(ke)3.432 G 4.732 -.65(y. T)-.05 H .932 (his mak).65 F(es)-.1 E .599(ESC the)108 108 R F1 .599(meta pr)3.099 F(e\214x) -.37 E F0 5.599(.T)C .599(he combination M\255C\255)203.906 108 R F1(x)A F0 .599(means ESC\255Control\255)3.099 F F1(x)A F0 3.099(,o)C 3.099(rp)407.791 108 S .6(ress the Escape k)419.22 108 R .9 -.15(ey t)-.1 H .6(hen hold).15 F (the Control k)108 120 Q .3 -.15(ey w)-.1 H(hile pressing the).15 E F1(x)2.5 E F0 -.1(ke)2.5 G -.65(y.)-.05 G(\)).65 E 1.126(The def)108 136.8 R 1.126(ault k) -.1 F -.15(ey)-.1 G 1.126(-bindings may be changed with an).15 F F1(~/.inputr) 5.292 E(c)-.37 E F0 3.626(\214le. The)5.292 F -.25(va)3.626 G 1.126 (lue of the shell v).25 F(ariable)-.25 E/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(INPU-)3.625 E (TRC)108 148.8 Q/F3 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F0 .106(if set, is used instead of) 2.356 F F1(~/.inputr)2.606 E(c)-.37 E F0 5.106(.O).31 G .106 (ther programs that use this library may add their o)280.887 148.8 R .107 (wn commands)-.25 F(and bindings.)108 160.8 Q -.15(Fo)108 177.6 S 2.5(re).15 G (xample, placing)128.53 177.6 Q(M\255Control\255u: uni)144 194.4 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(rsal\255ar).15 E(gument)-.18 E(or)108 206.4 Q(C\255Meta\255u: uni)144 218.4 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(rsal\255ar).15 E(gument)-.18 E(into the)108 230.4 Q F1 (~/.inputr)4.166 E(c)-.37 E F0 -.1(wo)4.166 G(uld mak).1 E 2.5(eM)-.1 G (\255C\255u e)244.092 230.4 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cute the readline command).15 E F1 (univer)2.5 E(sal\255ar)-.1 E(gument)-.37 E F0(.).68 E 1.261(The follo)108 247.2 R 1.261(wing symbolic character names are recognized:)-.25 F F1 -.4(RU) 3.761 G(BOUT).4 E F0(,)1.27 E F1(DEL)3.761 E F0(,).53 E F1(ESC)3.761 E F0(,).72 E F1(LFD)3.761 E F0(,).28 E F1(NEWLINE)3.76 E F0(,).73 E F1(RET)3.76 E F0(,) 1.27 E F1(RETURN)108 259.2 Q F0(,)1.1 E F1(SPC)3.154 E F0(,).72 E F1(SP)3.154 E -.3(AC)-.9 G(E).3 E F0 3.154(,a).73 G(nd)216.312 259.2 Q F1 -.5(TA)3.154 G(B).5 E F0 5.654(.I).27 G 3.155(na)258.5 259.2 S .655 (ddition to command names, readline allo)271.095 259.2 R .655(ws k)-.25 F -.15 (ey)-.1 G 3.155(st).15 G 3.155(ob)475.72 259.2 S 3.155(eb)488.875 259.2 S .655 (ound to a)501.47 259.2 R(string that is inserted when the k)108 271.2 Q .3 -.15(ey i)-.1 H 2.5(sp).15 G(ressed \(a)263.85 271.2 Q F1(macr)2.5 E(o)-.45 E F0(\).)A .827 (Readline is customized by putting commands in an initialization \214le.)108 288 R .827(The name of this \214le is tak)5.827 F .827(en from)-.1 F 1.324 (the v)108 300 R 1.324(alue of the)-.25 F F2(INPUTRC)3.824 E F0 -.25(va)3.574 G 3.824(riable. If).25 F 1.324(that v)3.824 F 1.324(ariable is unset, the def) -.25 F 1.325(ault is)-.1 F F1(~/.inputr)3.825 E(c)-.37 E F0 6.325(.W).31 G 1.325(hen a program)479.59 300 R 1.159 (which uses the readline library starts up, the init \214le is read, and the k) 108 312 R 1.458 -.15(ey b)-.1 H 1.158(indings and v).15 F 1.158 (ariables are set.)-.25 F .028(There are only a fe)108 324 R 2.528(wb)-.25 G .028(asic constructs allo)198.13 324 R .028(wed in the readline init \214le.) -.25 F .029(Blank lines are ignored.)5.029 F .029(Lines be)5.029 F(gin-)-.15 E .554(ning with a)108 336 R/F4 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(#)3.054 E F0 .554 (are comments.)3.054 F .554(Lines be)5.554 F .554(ginning with a)-.15 F F4($) 3.054 E F0 .554(indicate conditional constructs.)3.054 F .553 (Other lines denote)5.553 F -.1(ke)108 348 S 2.5(yb)-.05 G(indings and v)129.69 348 Q(ariable settings.)-.25 E .723(The syntax for controlling k)108 364.8 R 1.023 -.15(ey b)-.1 H .723(indings in the).15 F F1(~/.inputr)3.224 E(c)-.37 E F0 .724(\214le is simple.)3.224 F .724(All that is required is the name of) 5.724 F .939(the command or the te)108 376.8 R .938(xt of a macro and a k)-.15 F 1.238 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .938 (equence to which it should be bound. The name may be).15 F .167 (speci\214ed in one of tw)108 388.8 R 2.667(ow)-.1 G .167(ays: as a symbolic k) 209.455 388.8 R .467 -.15(ey n)-.1 H .168(ame, possibly with).15 F F1(Meta-) 2.668 E F0(or)2.668 E F1(Contr)2.668 E(ol-)-.45 E F0(pre\214x)2.668 E .168 (es, or as a k)-.15 F -.15(ey)-.1 G 3.201(sequence. When)108 400.8 R .701 (using the form)3.201 F F4 -.1(ke)3.201 G(yname).1 E F0(:)A F1(function-name)A F0(or)3.201 E F1(macr)3.201 E(o)-.45 E F0(,)A F1 -.1(ke)3.201 G(yname)-.2 E F0 .7(is the name of a k)3.201 F 1 -.15(ey s)-.1 H(pelled).15 E(out in English.) 108 412.8 Q -.15(Fo)5 G 2.5(re).15 G(xample:)192.15 412.8 Q(Control-u: uni)144 436.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(rsal\255ar).15 E(gument)-.18 E(Meta-Rubout: backw)144 448.8 Q(ard-kill-w)-.1 E(ord)-.1 E(Control-o: ">&output")144 460.8 Q .442 (In the abo)108 477.6 R .742 -.15(ve ex)-.15 H(ample,).15 E F1(C-u)2.942 E F0 .442(is bound to the function)2.942 F F4(uni)2.943 E -.1(ve)-.1 G(rsal\255ar).1 E(gument)-.1 E F0(,)A F1(M-DEL)2.943 E F0 .443(is bound to the function)2.943 F F4(backward\255kill\255w)108 489.6 Q(ord)-.1 E F0 2.58(,a)C(nd)207.72 489.6 Q F1(C-o)2.58 E F0 .08(is bound to run the macro e)2.58 F .079 (xpressed on the right hand side \(that is, to insert)-.15 F(the te)108 501.6 Q (xt)-.15 E F1(>&output)2.5 E F0(into the line\).)2.5 E .359 (In the second form,)108 518.4 R F4("k)2.859 E(eyseq")-.1 E F0(:)A F1 (function-name)A F0(or)2.859 E F1(macr)2.859 E(o)-.45 E F0(,)A F4 -.1(ke)2.859 G(yseq).1 E F0(dif)2.859 E .359(fers from)-.25 F F4 -.1(ke)2.859 G(yname).1 E F0(abo)2.86 E .66 -.15(ve i)-.15 H 2.86(nt).15 G .36(hat strings)498.25 518.4 R 1.284(denoting an entire k)108 530.4 R 1.584 -.15(ey s)-.1 H 1.284 (equence may be speci\214ed by placing the sequence within double quotes.).15 F (Some)6.284 E(GNU Emacs style k)108 542.4 Q .3 -.15(ey e)-.1 H (scapes can be used, as in the follo).15 E(wing e)-.25 E(xample.)-.15 E ("\\C-u": uni)144 566.4 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(rsal\255ar).15 E(gument)-.18 E ("\\C-x\\C-r": re\255read\255init\255\214le)144 578.4 Q("\\e[11~": "Function K) 144 590.4 Q .3 -.15(ey 1)-.25 H(").15 E .237(In this e)108 607.2 R(xample,)-.15 E F1(C-u)2.737 E F0 .237(is ag)2.737 F .238(ain bound to the function)-.05 F F4 (uni)2.738 E -.1(ve)-.1 G(rsal\255ar).1 E(gument)-.1 E F0(.)A F1 .238(C-x C-r) 5.238 F F0 .238(is bound to the function)2.738 F F4 -.18(re)108 619.2 S .18 E(ead\255init\255\214le)-.18 E F0 3.91(,a)C(nd)191.14 619.2 Q F1 1.41 (ESC [ 1 1 ~)3.91 F F0 1.41(is bound to insert the te)3.91 F(xt)-.15 E F4 1.409 (Function K)3.909 F 1.409(ey 1)-.25 F F0 6.409(.T)C 1.409 (he full set of escape)454.944 619.2 R(sequences is)108 631.2 Q F4<5c43ad>144 648 Q F0(control pre\214x)180 648 Q F4(\\M-)144 664.8 Q F0(meta pre\214x)180 664.8 Q F4(\\e)144 681.6 Q F0(an escape character)180 681.6 Q F4(\\\\)144 698.4 Q F0(backslash)180 698.4 Q F4(\\")144 715.2 Q F0(literal ")180 715.2 Q 186.79 (GNU 1994)72 768 R(Dec 6)2.5 E(17)530 768 Q EP %%Page: 18 18 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\))-.35 E /F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(\\')144 84 Q F0(literal ')180 84 Q .74 (When entering the te)108 100.8 R .74(xt of a macro, single or double quotes s\ hould be used to indicate a macro de\214nition.)-.15 F 1.227(Unquoted te)108 112.8 R 1.227(xt is assumed to be a function name.)-.15 F 1.226 (Backslash will quote an)6.226 F 3.726(yc)-.15 G 1.226 (haracter in the macro te)430.556 112.8 R(xt,)-.15 E(including " and '.)108 124.8 Q F1(Bash)108 141.6 Q F0(allo)2.929 E .429(ws the current readline k)-.25 F .729 -.15(ey b)-.1 H .429(indings to be displayed or modi\214ed with the).15 F F1(bind)2.93 E F0 -.2(bu)2.93 G .43(iltin command.).2 F .046 (The editing mode may be switched during interacti)108 153.6 R .346 -.15(ve u) -.25 H .046(se by using the).15 F F12.545 E F0 .045(option to the)2.545 F F1(set)2.545 E F0 -.2(bu)2.545 G .045(iltin command).2 F(\(see)108 165.6 Q/F2 9 /Times-Bold@0 SF(SHELL B)2.5 E(UIL)-.09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F0(belo)2.25 E (w\).)-.25 E .043(Readline has v)108 182.4 R .044 (ariables that can be used to further customize its beha)-.25 F(vior)-.2 E 5.044(.A)-.55 G -.25(va)413.896 182.4 S .044(riable may be set in the).25 F/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(inpu-)2.544 E(tr)108 194.4 Q(c)-.37 E F0 (\214le with a statement of the form)2.5 E F1(set)144 211.2 Q F3 (variable\255name value)2.5 E F0 .489(Except where noted, readline v)108 228 R .489(ariables can tak)-.25 F 2.989(et)-.1 G .489(he v)307.123 228 R(alues)-.25 E F1(On)2.989 E F0(or)2.989 E F1(Off)2.989 E F0 5.489(.T)C .489(he v)404.028 228 R .488(ariables and their def)-.25 F .488(ault v)-.1 F(al-)-.25 E(ues are:) 108 240 Q F1(horizontal\255scr)108 256.8 Q(oll\255mode \(Off\))-.18 E F0 .448 (When set to)144 268.8 R F1(On)2.948 E F0 2.948(,m)C(ak)222.182 268.8 Q .448 (es readline use a single line for display)-.1 F 2.948(,s)-.65 G .449 (crolling the input horizontally on a)398.596 268.8 R 1.194(single screen line\ when it becomes longer than the screen width rather than wrapping to a ne)144 280.8 R(w)-.25 E(line.)144 292.8 Q F1(editing\255mode \(emacs\))108 304.8 Q F0 .252(Controls whether readline be)144 316.8 R .253(gins with a set of k)-.15 F .553 -.15(ey b)-.1 H .253(indings similar to).15 F F3(emacs)2.753 E F0(or)2.753 E F3(vi)2.753 E F0(.)A F1(editing\255mode)5.253 E F0(can be set to either)144 328.8 Q F1(emacs)2.5 E F0(or)2.5 E F1(vi)2.5 E F0(.)A F1 (mark\255modi\214ed\255lines \(Off\))108 340.8 Q F0(If set to)144 352.8 Q F1 (On)2.5 E F0 2.5(,h)C(istory lines that ha)200.39 352.8 Q .3 -.15(ve b)-.2 H (een modi\214ed are displayed with a preceding asterisk \().15 E F1(*)A F0(\).) A F1(bell\255style \(audible\))108 364.8 Q F0 .011 (Controls what happens when readline w)144 376.8 R .011 (ants to ring the terminal bell.)-.1 F .01(If set to)5.01 F F1(none)2.51 E F0 2.51(,r)C .01(eadline ne)486.8 376.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(r).15 E .94 (rings the bell.)144 388.8 R .94(If set to)5.94 F F1(visible)3.44 E F0 3.44(,r) C .94(eadline uses a visible bell if one is a)278.91 388.8 R -.25(va)-.2 G 3.44 (ilable. If).25 F .94(set to)3.44 F F1(audible)3.44 E F0(,)A (readline attempts to ring the terminal')144 400.8 Q 2.5(sb)-.55 G(ell.)306.21 400.8 Q F1(comment\255begin \(`)108 412.8 Q(`#')-.63 E('\))-.63 E F0 (The string that is inserted in)144 424.8 Q F1(vi)2.5 E F0(mode when the)2.5 E F1(vi\255comment)2.5 E F0(command is e)2.5 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted.).15 E F1 (meta\255\215ag \(Off\))108 436.8 Q F0 .228(If set to)144 448.8 R F1(On)2.728 E F0 2.728(,r)C .227(eadline will enable eight-bit input \(that is, it will not \ strip the high bit from the char)199.632 448.8 R(-)-.2 E(acters it reads\), re) 144 460.8 Q -.05(ga)-.15 G(rdless of what the terminal claims it can support.) .05 E F1(con)108 472.8 Q -.1(ve)-.4 G(rt\255meta \(On\)).1 E F0 .612(If set to) 144 484.8 R F1(On)3.112 E F0 3.112(,r)C .613(eadline will con)201.168 484.8 R -.15(ve)-.4 G .613(rt characters with the eighth bit set to an ASCII k).15 F .913 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .613(equence by).15 F 1.238 (stripping the eighth bit and prepending an escape character \(in ef)144 496.8 R 1.238(fect, using escape as the)-.25 F F3(meta)3.738 E(pr)144 508.8 Q(e\214x) -.37 E F0(\).)A F1(output\255meta \(Off\))108 520.8 Q F0 .506(If set to)144 532.8 R F1(On)3.006 E F0 3.006(,r)C .507(eadline will display characters with \ the eighth bit set directly rather than as a meta-)200.744 532.8 R(pre\214x)144 544.8 Q(ed escape sequence.)-.15 E F1(completion\255query\255items \(100\))108 556.8 Q F0 .53(This determines when the user is queried about vie)144 568.8 R .529(wing the number of possible completions gen-)-.25 F .56(erated by the)144 580.8 R F1(possible\255completions)3.06 E F0 3.06(command. It)3.06 F .561 (may be set to an)3.061 F 3.061(yi)-.15 G(nte)428.196 580.8 Q .561(ger v)-.15 F .561(alue greater than or)-.25 F .783(equal to zero.)144 592.8 R .783 (If the number of possible completions is greater than or equal to the v)5.783 F .782(alue of this)-.25 F -.25(va)144 604.8 S .237(riable, the user is ask).25 F .237(ed whether or not he wishes to vie)-.1 F 2.737(wt)-.25 G .237 (hem; otherwise the)389.254 604.8 R 2.737(ya)-.15 G .237(re simply listed) 477.855 604.8 R(on the terminal.)144 616.8 Q F1 -.1(ke)108 628.8 S (ymap \(emacs\)).1 E F0 2.323(Set the current readline k)144 640.8 R -.15(ey) -.1 G 4.823(map. The).15 F 2.323(set of le)4.823 F -.05(ga)-.15 G 4.823(lk).05 G -.15(ey)368.478 640.8 S 2.323(map names is).15 F F3 2.323 (emacs, emacs-standar)4.823 F(d,)-.37 E .808(emacs-meta, emacs-ctlx, vi, vi-mo) 144 652.8 R(ve)-.1 E 3.308(,v)-.1 G(i-command)300.862 652.8 Q F0 3.308(,a)C(nd) 356.1 652.8 Q F3(vi-insert)3.308 E F0(.).68 E F3(vi)5.808 E F0 .808(is equi) 3.308 F -.25(va)-.25 G .809(lent to).25 F F3(vi-command)3.309 E F0(;)A F3 (emacs)144 664.8 Q F0 1.124(is equi)3.624 F -.25(va)-.25 G 1.124(lent to).25 F F3(emacs-standar)3.624 E(d)-.37 E F0 6.124(.T)C 1.124(he def)317.34 664.8 R 1.124(ault v)-.1 F 1.124(alue is)-.25 F F3(emacs)3.624 E F0 3.624(;t).27 G 1.124(he v)431.47 664.8 R 1.123(alue of)-.25 F F1(editing\255mode)3.623 E F0 (also af)144 676.8 Q(fects the def)-.25 E(ault k)-.1 E -.15(ey)-.1 G(map.).15 E F1(sho)108 688.8 Q(w\255all\255if\255ambiguous \(Off\))-.1 E F0 .477 (This alters the def)144 700.8 R .477(ault beha)-.1 F .477 (vior of the completion functions.)-.2 F .478(If set to)5.478 F F1(on)2.978 E F0 2.978(,w)C .478(ords which ha)450.326 700.8 R .778 -.15(ve m)-.2 H(ore).15 E 1.264(than one possible completion cause the matches to be listed immediately \ instead of ringing the)144 712.8 R(bell.)144 724.8 Q 186.79(GNU 1994)72 768 R (Dec 6)2.5 E(18)530 768 Q EP %%Page: 19 19 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\))-.35 E /F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(expand\255tilde \(Off\))108 84 Q F0(If set to)144 96 Q F1(on)2.5 E F0 2.5(,t)C(ilde e)195.39 96 Q (xpansion is performed when readline attempts w)-.15 E(ord completion.)-.1 E .05(Readline implements a f)108 112.8 R .05(acility similar in spirit to the c\ onditional compilation features of the C preprocessor)-.1 F 1.49(which allo)108 124.8 R 1.49(ws k)-.25 F 1.79 -.15(ey b)-.1 H 1.49(indings and v).15 F 1.49 (ariable settings to be performed as the result of tests.)-.25 F 1.49 (There are three)6.49 F(parser directi)108 136.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(su).15 G (sed.)180.91 136.8 Q F1($if)108 153.6 Q F0(The)144 153.6 Q F1($if)2.962 E F0 .462(construct allo)2.962 F .463 (ws bindings to be made based on the editing mode, the terminal being used,) -.25 F .478(or the application using readline.)144 165.6 R .477(The te)5.477 F .477(xt of the test e)-.15 F .477(xtends to the end of the line; no characters) -.15 F(are required to isolate it.)144 177.6 Q F1(mode)144 194.4 Q F0(The)180 194.4 Q F1(mode=)3.711 E F0 1.211(form of the)3.711 F F1($if)3.711 E F0 (directi)3.711 E 1.511 -.15(ve i)-.25 H 3.711(su).15 G 1.211 (sed to test whether readline is in emacs or vi)351.628 194.4 R 3.065 (mode. This)180 206.4 R .565(may be used in conjunction with the)3.065 F F1 .565(set k)3.065 F(eymap)-.1 E F0 .565(command, for instance, to)3.065 F .029 (set bindings in the)180 218.4 R/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(emacs-standar)2.529 E (d)-.37 E F0(and)2.529 E F2(emacs-ctlx)2.529 E F0 -.1(ke)2.529 G .029 (ymaps only if readline is starting out)-.05 F(in emacs mode.)180 230.4 Q F1 (term)144 247.2 Q F0(The)180 247.2 Q F1(term=)3.197 E F0 .696 (form may be used to include terminal-speci\214c k)3.197 F .996 -.15(ey b)-.1 H .696(indings, perhaps to bind).15 F .654(the k)180 259.2 R .954 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .654(equences output by the terminal').15 F 3.154(sf)-.55 G .654(unction k) 360.138 259.2 R -.15(ey)-.1 G 3.154(s. The).15 F -.1(wo)3.154 G .654 (rd on the right side of).1 F(the)180 271.2 Q F1(=)3.004 E F0 .504 (is tested ag)3.004 F .503 (ainst the full name of the terminal and the portion of the terminal name)-.05 F(before the \214rst)180 283.2 Q F12.5 E F0 5(.T)C(his allo)260.13 283.2 Q (ws)-.25 E F2(sun)2.5 E F0(to match both)2.5 E F2(sun)2.5 E F0(and)2.5 E F2 (sun\255cmd)2.5 E F0 2.5(,f).77 G(or instance.)456.28 283.2 Q F1(application) 144 300 Q F0(The)180 312 Q F1(application)2.772 E F0 .272 (construct is used to include application\255speci\214c settings.)2.772 F .272 (Each program)5.272 F .114(using the readline library sets the)180 324 R F2 .114(application name)2.614 F F0 2.614(,a)C .114 (nd an initialization \214le can test for a)395.052 324 R .5(particular v)180 336 R 3(alue. This)-.25 F .501(could be used to bind k)3 F .801 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .501(equences to functions useful for a spe-).15 F .397(ci\214c program.)180 348 R -.15(Fo)5.397 G 2.896(ri).15 G .396(nstance, the follo)261.31 348 R .396 (wing command adds a k)-.25 F .696 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .396 (equence that quotes the).15 F(current or pre)180 360 Q(vious w)-.25 E (ord in Bash:)-.1 E F1($if)180 372 Q F0(Bash)2.5 E 2.5(#Q)180 384 S (uote the current or pre)194.72 384 Q(vious w)-.25 E(ord)-.1 E ("\\C-xq": "\\eb\\"\\ef\\"")180 396 Q F1($endif)180 408 Q($endif)108 424.8 Q F0 (This command, as you sa)9.33 E 2.5(wi)-.15 G 2.5(nt)257.73 424.8 S(he pre) 268.01 424.8 Q(vious e)-.25 E(xample, terminates an)-.15 E F1($if)2.5 E F0 (command.)2.5 E F1($else)108 441.6 Q F0(Commands in this branch of the)144 441.6 Q F1($if)2.5 E F0(directi)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(re e).15 E -.15(xe) -.15 G(cuted if the test f).15 E(ails.)-.1 E .619(Readline commands may be gi) 108 458.4 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.119(nn).15 G(umeric)255.955 458.4 Q F2(ar)3.119 E (guments)-.37 E F0 3.119(,w).27 G .619(hich normally act as a repeat count.) 341.803 458.4 R(Sometimes,)5.62 E(ho)108 470.4 Q(we)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.419 -.4(r, i).15 H 3.119(ti).4 G 3.119(st)158.458 470.4 S .619(he sign of the ar) 168.247 470.4 R .619(gument that is signi\214cant.)-.18 F -.15(Pa)5.619 G .619 (ssing a ne).15 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .919 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G .619(ument to a command that).18 F 1.018(acts in the forw)108 482.4 R 1.018 (ard direction \(e.g.,)-.1 F F1(kill\255line)3.518 E F0 3.518(\)c)C 1.018 (auses that command to act in a backw)298.476 482.4 R 1.019(ard direction.)-.1 F(Com-)6.019 E(mands whose beha)108 494.4 Q(vior with ar)-.2 E(guments de)-.18 E(viates from this are noted.)-.25 E .812(When a command is described as)108 511.2 R F2(killing)3.311 E F0(te)3.311 E .811(xt, the te)-.15 F .811 (xt deleted is sa)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.311(df).15 G .811 (or possible future retrie)403.406 511.2 R -.25(va)-.25 G 3.311(l\().25 G F2 (yank-)517.79 511.2 Q(ing)108 523.2 Q F0 3.438(\). The)B .938(killed te)3.438 F .938(xt is sa)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.438(di).15 G 3.438(na)234.788 523.2 S F2 (kill\255ring)A F0 5.938(.C)C(onsecuti)302.412 523.2 Q 1.238 -.15(ve k)-.25 H .938(ills cause the te).15 F .939(xt to be accumulated into one)-.15 F .331 (unit, which can be yank)108 535.2 R .331(ed all at once.)-.1 F .331 (Commands which do not kill te)5.331 F .331(xt separate the chunks of te)-.15 F .331(xt on the)-.15 F(kill\255ring.)108 547.2 Q 1.391(The follo)108 564 R 1.391 (wing is a list of the names of the commands and the def)-.25 F 1.391(ault k) -.1 F 1.691 -.15(ey s)-.1 H 1.391(equences to which the).15 F 3.892(ya)-.15 G (re)532.23 564 Q(bound.)108 576 Q F1(Commands f)87 592.8 Q(or Mo)-.25 E(ving) -.1 E(beginning\255of\255line \(C\255a\))108 604.8 Q F0(Mo)144 616.8 Q .3 -.15 (ve t)-.15 H 2.5(ot).15 G(he start of the current line.)182.59 616.8 Q F1 (end\255of\255line \(C\255e\))108 628.8 Q F0(Mo)144 640.8 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.15 H 2.5(ot).15 G(he end of the line.)182.59 640.8 Q F1 -.25(fo)108 652.8 S (rward\255char \(C\255f\)).25 E F0(Mo)144 664.8 Q .3 -.15(ve f)-.15 H(orw).15 E (ard a character)-.1 E(.)-.55 E F1(backward\255char \(C\255b\))108 676.8 Q F0 (Mo)144 688.8 Q .3 -.15(ve b)-.15 H(ack a character).15 E(.)-.55 E F1 -.25(fo) 108 700.8 S(rward\255w).25 E(ord \(M\255f\))-.1 E F0(Mo)144 712.8 Q .823 -.15 (ve f)-.15 H(orw).15 E .523(ard to the end of the ne)-.1 F .523(xt w)-.15 F 3.023(ord. W)-.1 F .522(ords are composed of alphanumeric characters \(let-)-.8 F(ters and digits\).)144 724.8 Q 186.79(GNU 1994)72 768 R(Dec 6)2.5 E(19)530 768 Q EP %%Page: 20 20 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\))-.35 E /F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(backward\255w)108 84 Q(ord \(M\255b\))-.1 E F0(Mo)144 96 Q .748 -.15(ve b)-.15 H .449(ack to the start of this, or the pre).15 F .449 (vious, w)-.25 F 2.949(ord. W)-.1 F .449 (ords are composed of alphanumeric char)-.8 F(-)-.2 E (acters \(letters and digits\).)144 108 Q F1(clear\255scr)108 120 Q (een \(C\255l\))-.18 E F0 .993(Clear the screen lea)144 132 R .993 (ving the current line at the top of the screen.)-.2 F -.4(Wi)5.993 G .993 (th an ar).4 F .993(gument, refresh the)-.18 F (current line without clearing the screen.)144 144 Q F1 -.18(re)108 156 S (draw\255curr).18 E(ent\255line)-.18 E F0(Refresh the current line.)144 168 Q (By def)5 E(ault, this is unbound.)-.1 E F1(Commands f)87 184.8 Q (or Manipulating the History)-.25 E(accept\255line \(Newline, Retur)108 196.8 Q (n\))-.15 E F0 .036(Accept the line re)144 208.8 R -.05(ga)-.15 G .037 (rdless of where the cursor is.).05 F .037(If this line is non\255empty)5.037 F 2.537(,a)-.65 G .037(dd it to the history list)451.745 208.8 R .699 (according to the state of the)144 220.8 R/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(HISTCONTR)3.199 E(OL)-.27 E F0 -.25(va)2.949 G 3.199(riable. If).25 F .699 (the line is a modi\214ed history line, then)3.199 F (restore the history line to its original state.)144 232.8 Q F1(pr)108 244.8 Q -.15(ev)-.18 G(ious\255history \(C\255p\)).15 E F0(Fetch the pre)144 256.8 Q (vious command from the history list, mo)-.25 E(ving back in the list.)-.15 E F1(next\255history \(C\255n\))108 268.8 Q F0(Fetch the ne)144 280.8 Q (xt command from the history list, mo)-.15 E(ving forw)-.15 E(ard in the list.) -.1 E F1(beginning\255of\255history \(M\255<\))108 292.8 Q F0(Mo)144 304.8 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.15 H 2.5(ot).15 G(he \214rst line in the history)182.59 304.8 Q(.) -.65 E F1(end\255of\255history \(M\255>\))108 316.8 Q F0(Mo)144 328.8 Q .3 -.15 (ve t)-.15 H 2.5(ot).15 G(he end of the input history)182.59 328.8 Q 2.5(,i) -.65 G(.e., the line currently being entered.)294.99 328.8 Q F1 -2.29 -.18 (re v)108 340.8 T(erse\255sear).08 E(ch\255history \(C\255r\))-.18 E F0 1.47 (Search backw)144 352.8 R 1.471(ard starting at the current line and mo)-.1 F 1.471(ving `up' through the history as necessary)-.15 F(.)-.65 E (This is an incremental search.)144 364.8 Q F1 -.25(fo)108 376.8 S (rward\255sear).25 E(ch\255history \(C\255s\))-.18 E F0 1.132(Search forw)144 388.8 R 1.132(ard starting at the current line and mo)-.1 F 1.131(ving `do)-.15 F 1.131(wn' through the history as necessary)-.25 F(.)-.65 E (This is an incremental search.)144 400.8 Q F1(non\255incr)108 412.8 Q (emental\255r)-.18 E -2.3 -.15(ev e)-.18 H(rse\255sear).15 E (ch\255history \(M\255p\))-.18 E F0 1.088(Search backw)144 424.8 R 1.088(ard t\ hrough the history starting at the current line using a non\255incremental sea\ rch)-.1 F(for a string supplied by the user)144 436.8 Q(.)-.55 E F1 (non\255incr)108 448.8 Q(emental\255f)-.18 E(orward\255sear)-.25 E (ch\255history \(M\255n\))-.18 E F0 1.189(Search forw)144 460.8 R 1.189(ard th\ rough the history using a non\255incremental search for a string supplied by t\ he)-.1 F(user)144 472.8 Q(.)-.55 E F1(history\255sear)108 484.8 Q(ch\255f)-.18 E(orward)-.25 E F0 .248(Search forw)144 496.8 R .249(ard through the history f\ or the string of characters between the start of the current line)-.1 F (and the current point.)144 508.8 Q(This is a non-incremental search.)5 E (By def)5 E(ault, this command is unbound.)-.1 E F1(history\255sear)108 520.8 Q (ch\255backward)-.18 E F0 .951(Search backw)144 532.8 R .951(ard through the h\ istory for the string of characters between the start of the current)-.1 F 2.72 (line and the current point.)144 544.8 R 2.721 (This is a non-incremental search.)7.721 F 2.721(By def)7.721 F 2.721 (ault, this command is)-.1 F(unbound.)144 556.8 Q F1(yank\255nth\255ar)108 568.8 Q 2.5(g\()-.1 G<4dad43ad7929>175.14 568.8 Q F0 .622 (Insert the \214rst ar)144 580.8 R .622(gument to the pre)-.18 F .622 (vious command \(usually the second w)-.25 F .622(ord on the pre)-.1 F .622 (vious line\))-.25 F .682(at point \(the current cursor position\).)144 592.8 R -.4(Wi)5.682 G .682(th an ar).4 F(gument)-.18 E/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(n)3.182 E F0 3.182(,i).24 G .682(nsert the)390.168 592.8 R F3(n)3.182 E F0 .682(th w)B .682(ord from the pre)-.1 F(vious)-.25 E .73(command \(the w)144 604.8 R .73 (ords in the pre)-.1 F .729(vious command be)-.25 F .729(gin with w)-.15 F .729 (ord 0\).)-.1 F 3.229(An)5.729 G -2.25 -.15(eg a)441.562 604.8 T(ti).15 E 1.029 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G .729(ument inserts).18 F(the)144 616.8 Q F3(n) 2.5 E F0(th w)A(ord from the end of the pre)-.1 E(vious command.)-.25 E F1 (yank\255last\255ar)108 628.8 Q 2.5(g\()-.1 G -1.667(M\255. ,)175.69 628.8 R -1.667(M\255_ \))2.5 F F0 1.076(Insert the last ar)144 640.8 R 1.077 (gument to the pre)-.18 F 1.077(vious command \(the last w)-.25 F 1.077 (ord on the pre)-.1 F 1.077(vious line\).)-.25 F -.4(Wi)6.077 G 1.077(th an).4 F(ar)144 652.8 Q(gument, beha)-.18 E .3 -.15(ve ex)-.2 H(actly lik).15 E 2.5 (e@)-.1 G(code{yank-nth-ar)274.9 652.8 Q(g}.)-.18 E F1 (shell\255expand\255line \(M\255C\255e\))108 664.8 Q F0 .224 (Expand the line the w)144 676.8 R .224(ay the shell does when it reads it.)-.1 F .223(This performs alias and history e)5.223 F(xpansion)-.15 E .161 (as well as all of the shell w)144 688.8 R .161(ord e)-.1 F 2.661 (xpansions. See)-.15 F F2(HIST)2.661 E(OR)-.162 E 2.411(YE)-.315 G(XP)387.553 688.8 Q(ANSION)-.666 E F0(belo)2.411 E 2.661(wf)-.25 G .161 (or a description of)466.477 688.8 R(history e)144 700.8 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E 186.79(GNU 1994)72 768 R(Dec 6)2.5 E(20)530 768 Q EP %%Page: 21 21 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\))-.35 E /F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(history\255expand\255line \(M\255^\))108 84 Q F0 .939 (Perform history e)144 96 R .939(xpansion on the current line.)-.15 F(See)5.939 E/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(HIST)3.439 E(OR)-.162 E 3.189(YE)-.315 G(XP)407.665 96 Q (ANSION)-.666 E F0(belo)3.189 E 3.438(wf)-.25 G .938(or a descrip-)488.144 96 R (tion of history e)144 108 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F1(insert\255last\255ar)108 120 Q (gument \(M\255.)-.1 E 2.5(,M).833 G -1.667(\255_ \))239.143 120 R F0 2.5(As) 144 132 S(ynon)157.61 132 Q(ym for)-.15 E F1(yank\255last\255ar)2.5 E(g)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(operate-and-get-next \(C\255o\))108 144 Q F0 .947 (Accept the current line for e)144 156 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .948 (cution and fetch the ne).15 F .948(xt line relati)-.15 F 1.248 -.15(ve t)-.25 H 3.448(ot).15 G .948(he current line from the)441.788 156 R (history for editing.)144 168 Q(An)5 E 2.5(ya)-.15 G -.18(rg)247.73 168 S (ument is ignored.).18 E F1(Commands f)87 184.8 Q(or Changing T)-.25 E(ext)-.92 E(delete\255char \(C\255d\))108 196.8 Q F0 .487 (Delete the character under the cursor)144 208.8 R 5.487(.I)-.55 G 2.987(fp) 304.642 208.8 S .487(oint is at the be)315.959 208.8 R .486 (ginning of the line, there are no charac-)-.15 F (ters in the line, and the last character typed w)144 220.8 Q(as not)-.1 E F1 (C\255d)2.5 E F0 2.5(,t)C(hen return)377.34 220.8 Q F2(EOF)2.5 E/F3 9 /Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F1(backward\255delete\255char \(Rubout\))108 232.8 Q F0 .552(Delete the character behind the cursor)144 244.8 R 5.553(.W)-.55 G .553 (hen gi)315.593 244.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.053(nan).15 G .553(umeric ar)370.452 244.8 R .553(gument, sa)-.18 F .853 -.15(ve t)-.2 H .553(he deleted te).15 F .553(xt on)-.15 F(the kill\255ring.)144 256.8 Q F1 (quoted\255insert \(C\255q, C\255v\))108 268.8 Q F0 1.229(Add the ne)144 280.8 R 1.228(xt character that you type to the line v)-.15 F 3.728(erbatim. This) -.15 F 1.228(is ho)3.728 F 3.728(wt)-.25 G 3.728(oi)446.166 280.8 S 1.228 (nsert characters lik)457.674 280.8 R(e)-.1 E F1(C\255q)144 292.8 Q F0 2.5(,f)C (or e)170.81 292.8 Q(xample.)-.15 E F1(tab\255insert \(C-v T)108 304.8 Q(AB\)) -.9 E F0(Insert a tab character)144 316.8 Q(.)-.55 E F1 (self\255insert \(a, b, A, 1, !, ...\))108 328.8 Q F0 (Insert the character typed.)144 340.8 Q F1(transpose\255chars \(C\255t\))108 352.8 Q F0 .424(Drag the character before point forw)144 364.8 R .424(ard o)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.924(rt).15 G .424(he character at point.)331.218 364.8 R .424(Point mo)5.424 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.924(sf).15 G(orw)477.882 364.8 Q .424 (ard as well.)-.1 F 1.031 (If point is at the end of the line, then transpose the tw)144 376.8 R 3.53(oc) -.1 G 1.03(haracters before point.)382.27 376.8 R(Ne)6.03 E -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti) .05 E 1.33 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G(u-).18 E(ments don')144 388.8 Q 2.5 (tw)-.18 G(ork.)200.94 388.8 Q F1(transpose\255w)108 400.8 Q(ords \(M\255t\)) -.1 E F0 .682(Drag the w)144 412.8 R .682(ord behind the cursor past the w)-.1 F .682(ord in front of the cursor mo)-.1 F .683(ving the cursor o)-.15 F -.15 (ve)-.15 G 3.183(rt).15 G(hat)527.78 412.8 Q -.1(wo)144 424.8 S(rd as well.).1 E F1(upcase\255w)108 436.8 Q(ord \(M\255u\))-.1 E F0 .703 (Uppercase the current \(or follo)144 448.8 R .702(wing\) w)-.25 F 3.202 (ord. W)-.1 F .702(ith a ne)-.4 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E 1.002 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G .702(ument, do the pre).18 F .702(vious w)-.25 F .702(ord, b) -.1 F(ut)-.2 E(do not mo)144 460.8 Q .3 -.15(ve p)-.15 H(oint.).15 E F1(do)108 472.8 Q(wncase\255w)-.1 E(ord \(M\255l\))-.1 E F0(Lo)144 484.8 Q .64 (wercase the current \(or follo)-.25 F .641(wing\) w)-.25 F 3.141(ord. W)-.1 F .641(ith a ne)-.4 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .941 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G .641(ument, do the pre).18 F .641(vious w)-.25 F .641(ord, b)-.1 F(ut)-.2 E (do not mo)144 496.8 Q .3 -.15(ve p)-.15 H(oint.).15 E F1(capitalize\255w)108 508.8 Q(ord \(M\255c\))-.1 E F0 .82(Capitalize the current \(or follo)144 520.8 R .82(wing\) w)-.25 F 3.32(ord. W)-.1 F .82(ith a ne)-.4 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti) .05 E 1.12 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G .82(ument, do the pre).18 F .82 (vious w)-.25 F .82(ord, b)-.1 F(ut)-.2 E(do not mo)144 532.8 Q .3 -.15(ve p) -.15 H(oint.).15 E F1(Killing and Y)87 549.6 Q(anking)-.85 E (kill\255line \(C\255k\))108 561.6 Q F0(Kill the te)144 573.6 Q (xt from the current cursor position to the end of the line.)-.15 E F1 (backward\255kill\255line \(C\255x C\255Rubout\))108 585.6 Q F0(Kill backw)144 597.6 Q(ard to the be)-.1 E(ginning of the line.)-.15 E F1 (unix\255line\255discard \(C\255u\))108 609.6 Q F0(Kill backw)144 621.6 Q (ard from point to the be)-.1 E(ginning of the line.)-.15 E F1 (kill\255whole\255line)108 633.6 Q F0 (Kill all characters on the current line, no matter where the cursor is.)144 645.6 Q(By def)5 E(ault, this is unbound.)-.1 E F1(kill\255w)108 657.6 Q (ord \(M\255d\))-.1 E F0 1.043 (Kill from the cursor to the end of the current w)144 669.6 R 1.044 (ord, or if between w)-.1 F 1.044(ords, to the end of the ne)-.1 F(xt)-.15 E -.1(wo)144 681.6 S 2.5(rd. W).1 F(ord boundaries are the same as those used by) -.8 E F1 -.25(fo)2.5 G(rward\255w).25 E(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1 (backward\255kill\255w)108 693.6 Q(ord \(M\255Rubout\))-.1 E F0 3.26 (Kill the w)144 705.6 R 3.26(ord behind the cursor)-.1 F 8.26(.W)-.55 G 3.26 (ord boundaries are the same as those used by)304.31 705.6 R F1(back-)5.76 E (ward\255w)144 717.6 Q(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A 186.79(GNU 1994)72 768 R(Dec 6)2.5 E (21)530 768 Q EP %%Page: 22 22 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\))-.35 E /F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(unix\255w)108 84 Q(ord\255rubout \(C\255w\))-.1 E F0 .481(Kill the w)144 96 R .482(ord behind the cursor)-.1 F 2.982(,u)-.4 G .482 (sing white space as a w)281.65 96 R .482(ord boundary)-.1 F 5.482(.T)-.65 G .482(he w)445.074 96 R .482(ord boundaries are)-.1 F(dif)144 108 Q (ferent from backw)-.25 E(ard\255kill\255w)-.1 E(ord.)-.1 E F1 (delete\255horizontal\255space)108 120 Q F0 (Delete all spaces and tabs around point.)144 132 Q(By def)5 E (ault, this is unbound.)-.1 E F1(yank \(C\255y\))108 144 Q F0 -1(Ya)144 156 S (nk the top of the kill ring into the b)1 E(uf)-.2 E(fer at the cursor)-.25 E (.)-.55 E F1(yank\255pop \(M\255y\))108 168 Q F0 (Rotate the kill\255ring, and yank the ne)144 180 Q 2.5(wt)-.25 G 2.5(op. Only) 302.71 180 R -.1(wo)2.5 G(rks follo).1 E(wing)-.25 E F1(yank)2.5 E F0(or)2.5 E F1(yank\255pop)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(Numeric Ar)87 196.8 Q(guments)-.1 E(digit\255ar) 108 208.8 Q(gument \(M\2550, M\2551, ..., M\255\255\))-.1 E F0 .642 (Add this digit to the ar)144 220.8 R .641 (gument already accumulating, or start a ne)-.18 F 3.141(wa)-.25 G -.18(rg) 425.946 220.8 S 3.141(ument. M\255\255).18 F .641(starts a ne)3.141 F(g-)-.15 E (ati)144 232.8 Q .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G(ument.).18 E F1(uni)108 244.8 Q -.1(ve)-.1 G(rsal\255ar).1 E(gument)-.1 E F0 .782(Each time this is e) 144 256.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .782(cuted, the ar).15 F .783 (gument count is multiplied by four)-.18 F 5.783(.T)-.55 G .783(he ar)437.058 256.8 R .783(gument count is ini-)-.18 F .176(tially one, so e)144 268.8 R -.15 (xe)-.15 G .176(cuting this function the \214rst time mak).15 F .176(es the ar) -.1 F .175(gument count four)-.18 F 5.175(.B)-.55 G 2.675(yd)485.03 268.8 S(ef) 497.705 268.8 Q .175(ault, this)-.1 F(is not bound to a k)144 280.8 Q -.15(ey) -.1 G(.)-.5 E F1(Completing)87 297.6 Q(complete \(T)108 309.6 Q(AB\))-.9 E F0 1.137(Attempt to perform completion on the te)144 321.6 R 1.137 (xt before point.)-.15 F F1(Bash)6.137 E F0 1.137 (attempts completion treating the)3.637 F(te)144 333.6 Q .533(xt as a v)-.15 F .533(ariable \(if the te)-.25 F .533(xt be)-.15 F .533(gins with)-.15 F F1($) 3.033 E F0 .533(\), username \(if the te)B .532(xt be)-.15 F .532(gins with) -.15 F F1(~)3.032 E F0 .532(\), hostname \(if the)B(te)144 345.6 Q .701(xt be) -.15 F .701(gins with)-.15 F F1(@)3.201 E F0 .701 (\), or command \(including aliases and functions\) in turn.)B .702 (If none of these pro-)5.701 F (duces a match, \214lename completion is attempted.)144 357.6 Q F1 (possible\255completions \(M-?\))108 369.6 Q F0 (List the possible completions of the te)144 381.6 Q(xt before point.)-.15 E F1 (insert\255completions)108 393.6 Q F0 3.372(Insert all completions of the te) 144 405.6 R 3.372(xt before point that w)-.15 F 3.372(ould ha)-.1 F 3.672 -.15 (ve b)-.2 H 3.372(een generated by).15 F F1(possi-)5.872 E(ble\255completions) 144 417.6 Q F0 5(.B)C 2.5(yd)227.76 417.6 S(ef)240.26 417.6 Q (ault, this is not bound to a k)-.1 E -.15(ey)-.1 G(.)-.5 E F1 (complete\255\214lename \(M\255/\))108 429.6 Q F0 (Attempt \214lename completion on the te)144 441.6 Q(xt before point.)-.15 E F1 (possible\255\214lename\255completions \(C\255x /\))108 453.6 Q F0 (List the possible completions of the te)144 465.6 Q (xt before point, treating it as a \214lename.)-.15 E F1(complete\255user)108 477.6 Q(name \(M\255~\))-.15 E F0(Attempt completion on the te)144 489.6 Q (xt before point, treating it as a username.)-.15 E F1(possible\255user)108 501.6 Q(name\255completions \(C\255x ~\))-.15 E F0 (List the possible completions of the te)144 513.6 Q (xt before point, treating it as a username.)-.15 E F1(complete\255v)108 525.6 Q(ariable \(M\255$\))-.1 E F0(Attempt completion on the te)144 537.6 Q (xt before point, treating it as a shell v)-.15 E(ariable.)-.25 E F1 (possible\255v)108 549.6 Q(ariable\255completions \(C\255x $\))-.1 E F0 (List the possible completions of the te)144 561.6 Q (xt before point, treating it as a shell v)-.15 E(ariable.)-.25 E F1 (complete\255hostname \(M\255@\))108 573.6 Q F0(Attempt completion on the te) 144 585.6 Q(xt before point, treating it as a hostname.)-.15 E F1 (possible\255hostname\255completions \(C\255x @\))108 597.6 Q F0 (List the possible completions of the te)144 609.6 Q (xt before point, treating it as a hostname.)-.15 E F1 (complete\255command \(M\255!\))108 621.6 Q F0 .58 (Attempt completion on the te)144 633.6 R .581 (xt before point, treating it as a command name.)-.15 F .581(Command comple-) 5.581 F .239(tion attempts to match the te)144 645.6 R .239(xt ag)-.15 F .239 (ainst aliases, reserv)-.05 F .238(ed w)-.15 F .238(ords, shell functions, b) -.1 F .238(uiltins, and \214nally)-.2 F -.15(exe)144 657.6 S (cutable \214lenames, in that order).15 E(.)-.55 E F1 (possible\255command\255completions \(C\255x !\))108 669.6 Q F0 (List the possible completions of the te)144 681.6 Q (xt before point, treating it as a command name.)-.15 E F1 (dynamic\255complete\255history \(M-T)108 693.6 Q(AB\))-.9 E F0 .424 (Attempt completion on the te)144 705.6 R .425 (xt before point, comparing the te)-.15 F .425(xt ag)-.15 F .425 (ainst lines from the history list)-.05 F(for possible completion matches.)144 717.6 Q 186.79(GNU 1994)72 768 R(Dec 6)2.5 E(22)530 768 Q EP %%Page: 23 23 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\))-.35 E /F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(complete\255into\255braces \(M\255{\))108 84 Q F0 .272(\ Perform \214lename completion and return the list of possible completions encl\ osed within braces so)144 96 R(the list is a)144 108 Q -.25(va)-.2 G (ilable to the shell \(see).25 E F1(Brace Expansion)2.5 E F0(abo)2.5 E -.15(ve) -.15 G(\).).15 E F1 -.25(Ke)87 124.8 S(yboard Macr).25 E(os)-.18 E (start\255kbd\255macr)108 136.8 Q 2.5(o\()-.18 G(C-x \()188.93 136.8 Q(\)).833 E F0(Be)144 148.8 Q(gin sa)-.15 E(ving the characters typed into the current k) -.2 E -.15(ey)-.1 G(board macro.).15 E F1(end\255kbd\255macr)108 160.8 Q 2.5 (o\()-.18 G(C-x \))184.5 160.8 Q(\)).833 E F0(Stop sa)144 172.8 Q (ving the characters typed into the current k)-.2 E -.15(ey)-.1 G (board macro and sa).15 E .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he de\214nition.).15 E F1 (call\255last\255kbd\255macr)108 184.8 Q 2.5(o\()-.18 G(C-x e\))204.64 184.8 Q F0(Re-e)144 196.8 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G .999(cute the last k).15 F -.15(ey)-.1 G .999(board macro de\214ned, by making the characters in the macro appear as if) .15 F(typed at the k)144 208.8 Q -.15(ey)-.1 G(board.).15 E F1(Miscellaneous)87 225.6 Q -.18(re)108 237.6 S.18 E(ead\255init\255\214le \(C\255x C\255r\)) -.18 E F0 .541(Read in the contents of your init \214le, and incorporate an)144 249.6 R 3.04(yb)-.15 G .54(indings or v)385.88 249.6 R .54 (ariable assignments found)-.25 F(there.)144 261.6 Q F1(abort \(C\255g\))108 273.6 Q F0 3.248(Abort the current editing command and ring the terminal')144 285.6 R 5.749(sb)-.55 G 3.249(ell \(subject to the setting of)414.595 285.6 R F1(bell\255style)144 297.6 Q F0(\).)A F1(do\255upper)108 309.6 Q(case\255v)-.18 E(ersion \(M\255a, M\255b, ...\))-.1 E F0 (Run the command that is bound to the corresponding uppercase character)144 321.6 Q(.)-.55 E F1(pr)108 333.6 Q(e\214x\255meta \(ESC\))-.18 E F0 (Metafy the ne)144 345.6 Q(xt character typed.)-.15 E/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(ESC) 5 E F1(f)2.25 E F0(is equi)2.5 E -.25(va)-.25 G(lent to).25 E F1(Meta\255f)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(undo \(C\255_, C\255x C\255u\))108 357.6 Q F0 (Incremental undo, separately remembered for each line.)144 369.6 Q F1 -2.29 -.18(re v)108 381.6 T(ert\255line \(M\255r\)).08 E F0 .245 (Undo all changes made to this line.)144 393.6 R .245(This is lik)5.245 F 2.745 (et)-.1 G .245(yping the)341.9 393.6 R F1(undo)2.745 E F0 .244 (command enough times to return)2.744 F(the line to its initial state.)144 405.6 Q F1(tilde\255expand \(M\255~\))108 417.6 Q F0(Perform tilde e)144 429.6 Q(xpansion on the current w)-.15 E(ord.)-.1 E F1(dump\255functions)108 441.6 Q F0 .626(Print all of the functions and their k)144 453.6 R .926 -.15(ey b)-.1 H .627(indings to the readline output stream.).15 F .627(If a numeric ar)5.627 F (gu-)-.18 E(ment is supplied, the output is formatted in such a w)144 465.6 Q (ay that it can be made part of an)-.1 E/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(inputr)2.5 E (c)-.37 E F0(\214le.)2.5 E F1(display\255shell\255v)108 477.6 Q (ersion \(C\255x C\255v\))-.1 E F0(Display v)144 489.6 Q (ersion information about the current instance of)-.15 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(emacs\255editing\255mode \(C\255e\))108 501.6 Q F0(When in)144 513.6 Q F1 (vi)2.5 E F0(editing mode, this causes a switch to)2.5 E F1(emacs)2.5 E F0 (editing mode.)2.5 E F2(HIST)72 530.4 Q(OR)-.162 E(Y)-.315 E F0 .228 (When interacti)108 542.4 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.728(,t).15 G .228(he shell pro) 184.426 542.4 R .227(vides access to the)-.15 F F3 .227(command history)2.727 F F0 2.727(,t)C .227(he list of commands pre)386.345 542.4 R .227(viously typed.) -.25 F .119(The te)108 554.4 R .119(xt of the last)-.15 F F2(HISTSIZE)2.619 E F0 .119(commands \(def)2.369 F .119(ault 500\) is sa)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.619 (di).15 G 2.62(nah)367.95 554.4 S .12(istory list.)387.63 554.4 R .12 (The shell stores each com-)5.12 F .125 (mand in the history list prior to parameter and v)108 566.4 R .125(ariable e) -.25 F .125(xpansion \(see)-.15 F F2(EXP)2.624 E(ANSION)-.666 E F0(abo)2.374 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.624(\)b).15 G .124(ut after history)480.872 566.4 R -.15(ex) 108 578.4 S .267(pansion is performed, subject to the v).15 F .267 (alues of the shell v)-.25 F(ariables)-.25 E F1(command_oriented_history)2.767 E F0(and)2.767 E F2(HIST)2.767 E(-)-.828 E(CONTR)108 590.4 Q(OL)-.27 E/F4 9 /Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 1.191 (On startup, the history is initialized from the \214le named by the v)5.691 F (ariable)-.25 E F2(HISTFILE)3.69 E F0(\(def)3.44 E(ault)-.1 E F3 (~/.bash_history)108 602.4 Q F0(\).)A F2(HISTFILE)5.631 E F0 .631 (is truncated, if necessary)2.881 F 3.131(,t)-.65 G 3.131(oc)333.652 602.4 S .631(ontain no more than)346.223 602.4 R F2(HISTFILESIZE)3.132 E F0 3.132 (lines. The)2.882 F -.2(bu)108 614.4 S .168(iltin command).2 F F1(fc)2.668 E F0 (\(see)2.668 E F2 .168(SHELL B)2.668 F(UIL)-.09 E .168(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0 (belo)2.418 E .168(w\) may be used to list or edit and re-e)-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .168(cute a).15 F .101(portion of the history list.)108 626.4 R(The)5.101 E F1(history)2.601 E F0 -.2(bu)2.601 G .102 (iltin can be used to display the history list and manipulate the his-).2 F .464(tory \214le.)108 638.4 R .464 (When using the command-line editing, search commands are a)5.464 F -.25(va)-.2 G .464(ilable in each editing mode that).25 F(pro)108 650.4 Q .483 (vide access to the history list.)-.15 F .483(When an interacti)5.483 F .783 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .483(hell e).15 F .483(xits, the last)-.15 F F2(HISTSIZE)2.983 E F0 .483(lines are copied from)2.733 F 1.048(the history list to)108 662.4 R F2(HISTFILE)3.548 E F4(.)A F0(If)5.548 E F2(HISTFILE)3.548 E F0 1.048 (is unset, or if the history \214le is unwritable, the history is not)3.298 F (sa)108 674.4 Q -.15(ve)-.2 G(d.).15 E F2(HIST)72 691.2 Q(OR)-.162 E 2.25(YE) -.315 G(XP)121.284 691.2 Q(ANSION)-.666 E F0 .61 (The shell supports a history e)108 703.2 R .611 (xpansion feature that is similar to the history e)-.15 F .611(xpansion in)-.15 F F1(csh.)3.111 E F0 .611(This section)5.611 F .871 (describes what syntax features are a)108 715.2 R -.25(va)-.2 G 3.371 (ilable. This).25 F .871(feature is enabled by def)3.371 F .87 (ault for interacti)-.1 F 1.17 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .87(hells, and).15 F 2.013 (can be disabled using the)108 727.2 R F1(+H)4.514 E F0 2.014(option to the) 4.514 F F1(set)4.514 E F0 -.2(bu)4.514 G 2.014(iltin command \(see).2 F F2 2.014(SHELL B)4.514 F(UIL)-.09 E 2.014(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0 186.79(GNU 1994) 72 768 R(Dec 6)2.5 E(23)530 768 Q EP %%Page: 24 24 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\))-.35 E (belo)108 84 Q 2.5(w\). Non-interacti)-.25 F .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H (hells do not perform history e).15 E(xpansion.)-.15 E 1.164(History e)108 100.8 R 1.163(xpansion is performed immediately after a complete line is read,\ before the shell breaks it into)-.15 F -.1(wo)108 112.8 S 2.584(rds. It).1 F (tak)2.584 E .084(es place in tw)-.1 F 2.584(op)-.1 G 2.584(arts. The)228.184 112.8 R .085(\214rst is to determine which line from the pre)2.584 F .085 (vious history to use dur)-.25 F(-)-.2 E .915(ing substitution.)108 124.8 R .915(The second is to select portions of that line for inclusion into the curr\ ent one.)5.915 F .915(The line)5.915 F .602(selected from the pre)108 136.8 R .602(vious history is the)-.25 F/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.15(ev)3.102 G(ent) .15 E F0 3.103(,a)C .603(nd the portions of that line that are acted upon are) 305.437 136.8 R F1(wor)3.103 E(ds)-.37 E F0(.)A 1.749(The line is brok)108 148.8 R 1.749(en into w)-.1 F 1.749(ords in the same f)-.1 F 1.749 (ashion as when reading input, so that se)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(ral).15 E F1 (metac)4.248 E(har)-.15 E(ac-)-.15 E(ter)108 160.8 Q F0 1.784(\255separated w)B 1.784(ords surrounded by quotes are considered as one w)-.1 F 4.285(ord. Only) -.1 F 1.785(backslash \()4.285 F/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(\\).833 E F0 4.285(\)a) .833 G 1.785(nd single)501.825 160.8 R (quotes can quote the history escape character)108 172.8 Q 2.5(,w)-.4 G (hich is)300.32 172.8 Q F2(!)3.333 E F0(by def)3.333 E(ault.)-.1 E 2.2 (The shell allo)108 189.6 R 2.2(ws control of the v)-.25 F 2.2 (arious characters used by the history e)-.25 F 2.2 (xpansion mechanism \(see the)-.15 F(description of)108 201.6 Q F2(histchars) 2.5 E F0(abo)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F2(Shell V)2.5 E(ariables) -.92 E F0(\).)A F2(Ev)87 218.4 Q(ent Designators)-.1 E F0(An e)108 230.4 Q -.15 (ve)-.25 G (nt designator is a reference to a command line entry in the history list.).15 E F2(!)108 247.2 Q F0(Start a history substitution, e)144 247.2 Q (xcept when follo)-.15 E(wed by a)-.25 E F2(blank)2.5 E F0 2.5(,n)C -.25(ew) 398.6 247.2 S(line, = or \(.).25 E F2(!!)108 259.2 Q F0(Refer to the pre)144 259.2 Q(vious command.)-.25 E(This is a synon)5 E(ym for `!\2551'.)-.15 E F2(!) 108 271.2 Q F1(n)A F0(Refer to command line)144 271.2 Q F1(n)2.5 E F0(.).24 E F2<21ad>108 283.2 Q F1(n)A F0(Refer to the current command line minus)144 283.2 Q F1(n)2.5 E F0(.).24 E F2(!)108 295.2 Q F1(string)A F0 (Refer to the most recent command starting with)9.33 E F1(string)2.5 E F0(.).22 E F2(!?)108 307.2 Q F1(string)A F2([?])A F0 (Refer to the most recent command containing)144 319.2 Q F1(string)2.5 E F0(.) .22 E/F3 12/Times-Bold@0 SF(^)108 336.2 Q F1(string1)111.996 331.2 Q F3(^) 140.336 336.2 Q F1(string2)144.332 331.2 Q F3(^)172.672 336.2 Q F0 2.66 (Quick substitution.)144 343.2 R 2.66(Repeat the last command, replacing)7.66 F F1(string1)5.16 E F0(with)5.16 E F1(string2)5.16 E F0 7.66(.E).02 G(qui)490.34 343.2 Q -.25(va)-.25 G 2.66(lent to).25 F -.74(``)144 355.2 S(!!:s/).74 E F1 (string1)A F0(/)A F1(string2)A F0(/')A 2.5('\()-.74 G(see)240.02 355.2 Q F2 (Modi\214ers)2.5 E F0(belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F2(!#)108 367.2 Q F0 (The entire command line typed so f)144 367.2 Q(ar)-.1 E(.)-.55 E F2 -.75(Wo)87 384 S(rd Designators).75 E F0(A)108 396 Q F2(:)3.655 E F0 1.154 (separates the e)3.655 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.154(nt speci\214cation from the w).15 F 1.154(ord designator)-.1 F 6.154(.I)-.55 G 3.654(tc)377.322 396 S 1.154 (an be omitted if the w)388.196 396 R 1.154(ord designator)-.1 F(be)108 408 Q .538(gins with a)-.15 F F2(^)3.038 E F0(,)A F2($)3.038 E F0(,)A F2(*)3.038 E F0 3.038(,o)C(r)200.238 408 Q F2(%)3.038 E F0 5.538(.W)C .539 (ords are numbered from the be)233.284 408 R .539 (ginning of the line, with the \214rst w)-.15 F .539(ord being)-.1 F (denoted by a 0 \(zero\).)108 420 Q F2 2.5(0\()108 436.8 S(zer)118.83 436.8 Q (o\))-.18 E F0(The zeroth w)144 448.8 Q 2.5(ord. F)-.1 F (or the shell, this is the command w)-.15 E(ord.)-.1 E F1(n)108 460.8 Q F0(The) 144 460.8 Q F1(n)2.5 E F0(th w)A(ord.)-.1 E F2(^)108 472.8 Q F0(The \214rst ar) 144 472.8 Q 2.5(gument. That)-.18 F(is, w)2.5 E(ord 1.)-.1 E F2($)108 484.8 Q F0(The last ar)144 484.8 Q(gument.)-.18 E F2(%)108 496.8 Q F0(The w)144 496.8 Q (ord matched by the most recent `?)-.1 E F1(string)A F0(?' search.)A F1(x)108 508.8 Q F2A F1(y)A F0 2.5(Ar)144 508.8 S(ange of w)157.05 508.8 Q (ords; `\255)-.1 E F1(y)A F0 2.5('a)C(bbre)242.56 508.8 Q(viates `0\255)-.25 E F1(y)A F0('.)A F2(*)108 520.8 Q F0 .316(All of the w)144 520.8 R .316(ords b) -.1 F .316(ut the zeroth.)-.2 F .315(This is a synon)5.315 F .315(ym for `)-.15 F F1(1\255$)A F0 2.815('. It)B .315(is not an error to use)2.815 F F2(*)2.815 E F0 .315(if there is)2.815 F(just one w)144 532.8 Q(ord in the e)-.1 E -.15(ve) -.25 G(nt; the empty string is returned in that case.).15 E F2(x*)108 544.8 Q F0(Abbre)144 544.8 Q(viates)-.25 E F1(x\255$)2.5 E F0(.)A F2<78ad>108 556.8 Q F0(Abbre)144 556.8 Q(viates)-.25 E F1(x\255$)2.5 E F0(lik)2.5 E(e)-.1 E F2(x*) 2.5 E F0 2.5(,b)C(ut omits the last w)250.46 556.8 Q(ord.)-.1 E F2(Modi\214ers) 87 573.6 Q F0 .157(After the optional w)108 585.6 R .157(ord designator)-.1 F 2.658(,y)-.4 G .158(ou can add a sequence of one or more of the follo)256.596 585.6 R .158(wing modi\214ers, each)-.25 F(preceded by a `:'.)108 597.6 Q F2(h) 108 614.4 Q F0(Remo)144 614.4 Q .3 -.15(ve a t)-.15 H (railing pathname component, lea).15 E(ving only the head.)-.2 E F2(r)108 626.4 Q F0(Remo)144 626.4 Q .3 -.15(ve a t)-.15 H(railing suf).15 E (\214x of the form)-.25 E F1(.xxx)2.5 E F0 2.5(,l)C(ea)313.98 626.4 Q (ving the basename.)-.2 E F2(e)108 638.4 Q F0(Remo)144 638.4 Q .3 -.15(ve a) -.15 H(ll b).15 E(ut the trailing suf)-.2 E(\214x.)-.25 E F2(t)108 650.4 Q F0 (Remo)144 650.4 Q .3 -.15(ve a)-.15 H(ll leading pathname components, lea).15 E (ving the tail.)-.2 E F2(p)108 662.4 Q F0(Print the ne)144 662.4 Q 2.5(wc)-.25 G(ommand b)204.02 662.4 Q(ut do not e)-.2 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cute it.).15 E F2(q) 108 674.4 Q F0(Quote the substituted w)144 674.4 Q (ords, escaping further substitutions.)-.1 E F2(x)108 686.4 Q F0 (Quote the substituted w)144 686.4 Q(ords as with)-.1 E F2(q)2.5 E F0 2.5(,b)C (ut break into w)304.81 686.4 Q(ords at)-.1 E F2(blanks)2.5 E F0(and ne)2.5 E (wlines.)-.25 E F2(s/)108 698.4 Q F1(old)A F2(/)A F1(ne)A(w)-.15 E F2(/)A F0 (Substitute)144 710.4 Q F1(ne)2.814 E(w)-.15 E F0 .314 (for the \214rst occurrence of)2.814 F F1(old)2.814 E F0 .314(in the e)2.814 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .314(nt line.).15 F(An)5.314 E 2.814(yd)-.15 G .314 (elimiter can be used in place)424.292 710.4 R .616(of /.)144 722.4 R .617 (The \214nal delimiter is optional if it is the last character of the e)5.616 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .617(nt line.).15 F .617(The delimiter may)5.617 F 186.79 (GNU 1994)72 768 R(Dec 6)2.5 E(24)530 768 Q EP %%Page: 25 25 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\))-.35 E .75(be quoted in)144 84 R/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(old)3.25 E F0(and)3.25 E F1 (ne)3.25 E(w)-.15 E F0 .75(with a single backslash.)3.25 F .749 (If & appears in)5.75 F F1(ne)3.249 E(w)-.15 E F0 3.249(,i).31 G 3.249(ti) 444.665 84 S 3.249(sr)453.474 84 S .749(eplaced by)463.943 84 R F1(old)3.249 E F0 5.749(.A).77 G(single backslash will quote the &.)144 96 Q/F2 10 /Times-Bold@0 SF(&)108 108 Q F0(Repeat the pre)144 108 Q(vious substitution.) -.25 E F2(g)108 120 Q F0 .397(Cause changes to be applied o)144 120 R -.15(ve) -.15 G 2.897(rt).15 G .398(he entire e)284.942 120 R -.15(ve)-.25 G .398 (nt line.).15 F .398(This is used in conjunction with `)5.398 F F2(:s)A F0 2.898('\()C(e.g.,)523.06 120 Q(`)144 132 Q F2(:gs/)A F1(old)A F2(/)A F1(ne)A(w) -.15 E F2(/)A F0 1.219('\) or `)B F2(:&)A F0 3.719('. If)B 1.219(used with `) 3.719 F F2(:s)A F0 1.218(', an)B 3.718(yd)-.15 G 1.218 (elimiter can be used in place of /, and the \214nal)343.13 132 R (delimiter is optional if it is the last character of the e)144 144 Q -.15(ve) -.25 G(nt line.).15 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(ARITHMETIC EV)72 160.8 Q(ALU)-1.215 E -.855(AT)-.54 G(ION).855 E F0 1.477(The shell allo)108 172.8 R 1.477 (ws arithmetic e)-.25 F 1.477(xpressions to be e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G 1.477 (luated, under certain circumstances \(see the).25 F F2(let)3.978 E F0 -.2(bu) 3.978 G(iltin).2 E 1.233(command and)108 184.8 R F2 1.232(Arithmetic Expansion) 3.733 F F0 3.732(\). Ev)B 1.232(aluation is done in long inte)-.25 F 1.232 (gers with no check for o)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G(r\215o).15 E -.65(w,)-.25 G .278(though di)108 196.8 R .278 (vision by 0 is trapped and \215agged as an error)-.25 F 5.278(.T)-.55 G .279 (he follo)341.618 196.8 R .279(wing list of operators is grouped into le)-.25 F (v-)-.25 E(els of equal-precedence operators.)108 208.8 Q(The le)5 E -.15(ve) -.25 G(ls are listed in order of decreasing precedence.).15 E F2 2.5108 225.6 S F0(unary minus and plus)144 225.6 Q F2 2.5(!~)108 237.6 S F0 (logical and bitwise ne)144 237.6 Q -.05(ga)-.15 G(tion).05 E F2 2.5(*/%)108 249.6 S F0(multiplication, di)144 249.6 Q(vision, remainder)-.25 E F2 2.5<2bad> 108 261.6 S F0(addition, subtraction)144 261.6 Q F2(<< >>)108 273.6 Q F0 (left and right bitwise shifts)144 273.6 Q F2(<= >= < >)108 285.6 Q F0 (comparison)144 297.6 Q F2(== !=)108 309.6 Q F0(equality and inequality)144 309.6 Q F2(&)108 321.6 Q F0(bitwise AND)144 321.6 Q F2(^)108 333.6 Q F0 (bitwise e)144 333.6 Q(xclusi)-.15 E .3 -.15(ve O)-.25 H(R).15 E F2(|)108 345.6 Q F0(bitwise OR)144 345.6 Q F2(&&)108 357.6 Q F0(logical AND)144 357.6 Q F2(||) 108 369.6 Q F0(logical OR)144 369.6 Q F2 2.5(=*)108 381.6 S 2.5(=/)121.2 381.6 S 2.5(=%)132.18 381.6 S 2.5(=+)150.38 381.6 S 2.5<3dad>164.28 381.6 S 2.5(=<) 178.18 381.6 S(<= >>= &= ^= |=)192.08 381.6 Q F0(assignment)144 393.6 Q .68 (Shell v)108 410.4 R .68(ariables are allo)-.25 F .68 (wed as operands; parameter e)-.25 F .68(xpansion is performed before the e) -.15 F .68(xpression is e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G(lu-).25 E 2.784(ated. The)108 422.4 R -.25(va)2.784 G .284(lue of a parameter is coerced to a long inte).25 F .284(ger within an e)-.15 F 2.784(xpression. A)-.15 F .285(shell v)2.785 F .285 (ariable need not)-.25 F(ha)108 434.4 Q .3 -.15(ve i)-.2 H(ts inte).15 E (ger attrib)-.15 E(ute turned on to be used in an e)-.2 E(xpression.)-.15 E .05 (Constants with a leading 0 are interpreted as octal numbers.)108 451.2 R 2.549 (Al)5.049 G(eading)364.896 451.2 Q F1(0x)2.549 E F0(or)2.549 E F1(0X)2.549 E F0 .049(denotes he)2.549 F 2.549(xadecimal. Oth-)-.15 F .015(erwise, numbers tak) 108 463.2 R 2.515(et)-.1 G .015(he form [)197.925 463.2 R F1(base#)A F0 .015 (]n, where)B F1(base)2.515 E F0 .016 (is a decimal number between 2 and 36 representing the)2.515 F (arithmetic base, and)108 475.2 Q F1(n)2.5 E F0(is a number in that base.)2.5 E (If)5 E F1(base)2.5 E F0(is omitted, then base 10 is used.)2.5 E .235 (Operators are e)108 492 R -.25(va)-.25 G .235(luated in order of precedence.) .25 F(Sub-e)5.234 E .234(xpressions in parentheses are e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G .234(luated \214rst and may).25 F -.15(ove)108 504 S (rride the precedence rules abo).15 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E F3(SHELL B)72 520.8 Q(UIL)-.09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F2(:)108 532.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(ar)A (guments)-.37 E F0(])A .501(No ef)144 544.8 R .501 (fect; the command does nothing be)-.25 F .502(yond e)-.15 F(xpanding)-.15 E F1 (ar)3.002 E(guments)-.37 E F0 .502(and performing an)3.002 F 3.002(ys)-.15 G (peci\214ed)508.34 544.8 Q 2.5(redirections. A)144 556.8 R(zero e)2.5 E (xit code is returned.)-.15 E F2(.)110.5 573.6 Q F1(\214lename)6.666 E F0([)2.5 E F1(ar)A(guments)-.37 E F0(])A F2(sour)108 585.6 Q(ce)-.18 E F1(\214lename)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F1(ar)A(guments)-.37 E F0(])A 1.17(Read and e)144 597.6 R -.15(xe) -.15 G 1.17(cute commands from).15 F F1(\214lename)3.669 E F0 1.169 (in the current shell en)3.669 F 1.169(vironment and return the e)-.4 F(xit) -.15 E 1.301(status of the last command e)144 609.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.301 (cuted from).15 F F1(\214lename)3.801 E F0 6.301(.I).18 G(f)368.138 609.6 Q F1 (\214lename)3.801 E F0 1.302(does not contain a slash, path-)3.801 F .608 (names in)144 621.6 R F3 -.666(PA)3.108 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .608 (are used to \214nd the directory containing)2.858 F F1(\214lename)3.108 E F0 5.608(.T).18 G .608(he \214le searched for in)424.339 621.6 R F3 -.666(PA)3.108 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .201(need not be e)144 633.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.701 (cutable. The).15 F .201 (current directory is searched if no \214le is found in)2.701 F F3 -.666(PA) 2.701 G(TH)-.189 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .201(If an)4.701 F(y)-.15 E F1 (ar)2.702 E(gu-)-.37 E(ments)144 645.6 Q F0 1.058(are supplied, the)3.558 F 3.558(yb)-.15 G 1.058(ecome the positional parameters when)252.232 645.6 R F1 (\214le)3.558 E F0 1.057(is e)3.557 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.557(cuted. Otherwise).15 F(the)3.557 E 1.078(positional parameters are unchanged.)144 657.6 R 1.079 (The return status is the status of the last command e)6.078 F(xited)-.15 E (within the script \(0 if no commands are e)144 669.6 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G (cuted\), and f).15 E(alse if)-.1 E F1(\214lename)2.5 E F0(is not found.)2.5 E F2(alias)108 686.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(name)A F0([=)A F1(value)A F0 2.5(].)C(..]) 193.9 686.4 Q F2(Alias)144 698.4 Q F0 1.668(with no ar)4.168 F 1.667 (guments prints the list of aliases in the form)-.18 F F1(name)4.167 E F0(=)A F1(value)A F0 1.667(on standard output.)4.167 F .606(When ar)144 710.4 R .607 (guments are supplied, an alias is de\214ned for each)-.18 F F1(name)3.107 E F0 (whose)3.107 E F1(value)3.107 E F0 .607(is gi)3.107 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.107 (n. A).15 F(trailing)3.107 E 2.693(space in)144 722.4 R F1(value)5.193 E F0 2.693(causes the ne)5.193 F 2.693(xt w)-.15 F 2.693(ord to be check)-.1 F 2.692 (ed for alias substitution when the alias is)-.1 F 186.79(GNU 1994)72 768 R (Dec 6)2.5 E(25)530 768 Q EP %%Page: 26 26 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\))-.35 E -.15(ex)144 84 S 2.867(panded. F).15 F .367(or each)-.15 F/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(name)2.867 E F0 .367(in the ar)2.867 F .367(gument list for which no)-.18 F F1(value)2.867 E F0 .367(is supplied, the name and v)2.867 F(alue)-.25 E 1.717 (of the alias is printed.)144 96 R/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(Alias)6.717 E F0 1.717 (returns true unless a)4.217 F F1(name)4.217 E F0 1.717(is gi)4.217 F -.15(ve) -.25 G 4.216(nf).15 G 1.716(or which no alias has been)425.61 96 R(de\214ned.) 144 108 Q F2(bg)108 124.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(jobspec)A F0(])A(Place)144 136.8 Q F1 (jobspec)3.485 E F0 .985(in the background, as if it had been started with) 3.485 F F2(&)3.485 E F0 5.985(.I)C(f)425.645 136.8 Q F1(jobspec)3.485 E F0 .985 (is not present, the)3.485 F(shell')144 148.8 Q 3.102(sn)-.55 G .602 (otion of the)177.662 148.8 R F1(curr)3.102 E .602(ent job)-.37 F F0 .602 (is used.)3.102 F F2(bg)5.602 E F1(jobspec)3.102 E F0 .601 (returns 0 unless run when job control is dis-)3.102 F .565(abled or)144 160.8 R 3.065(,w)-.4 G .565(hen run with job control enabled, if)189.44 160.8 R F1 (jobspec)3.065 E F0 -.1(wa)3.065 G 3.065(sn).1 G .566 (ot found or started without job con-)394.395 160.8 R(trol.)144 172.8 Q F2 (bind)108 189.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F2A F1 -.1(ke)2.5 G(ymap)-.2 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(\255lvd)189.12 189.6 Q F0 2.5(][)C F2(-q)217.32 189.6 Q F1(name)2.5 E F0(])A F2(bind)108 201.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F2A F1 -.1(ke)2.5 G(ymap)-.2 E F0(])A F2 (-f)2.5 E F1(\214lename)2.5 E F2(bind)108 213.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F2A F1 -.1 (ke)2.5 G(ymap)-.2 E F0(])A F1 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq)-.2 E F0(:)A F1(function-name) A F0 .239(Display current)144 225.6 R F2 -.18(re)2.739 G(adline).18 E F0 -.1 (ke)2.739 G 2.739(ya)-.05 G .239(nd function bindings, or bind a k)267.836 225.6 R .538 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .238(equence to a).15 F F2 -.18(re)2.738 G(adline) .18 E F0(function)2.738 E .88(or macro.)144 237.6 R .88 (The binding syntax accepted is identical to that of)5.88 F F1(.inputr)3.38 E (c)-.37 E F0 3.38(,b).31 G .88(ut each binding must be)440.93 237.6 R .381 (passed as a separate ar)144 249.6 R .381 (gument; e.g., '"\\C-x\\C-r": re\255read\255init\255\214le'.)-.18 F .381 (Options, if supplied, ha)5.381 F .68 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he).15 E(follo)144 261.6 Q(wing meanings:)-.25 E F2144 273.6 Q F1 -.1(ke)2.5 G(ymap)-.2 E F0(Use) 180 285.6 Q F1 -.1(ke)5.174 G(ymap)-.2 E F0 2.674(as the k)5.174 F -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.674(map to be af).15 F 2.674(fected by the subsequent bindings.)-.25 F (Acceptable)7.675 E F1 -.1(ke)180 297.6 S(ymap)-.2 E F0 2.929(names are)5.429 F F1 2.929(emacs, emacs-standar)5.429 F 2.929 (d, emacs-meta, emacs-ctlx, vi, vi-mo)-.37 F(ve)-.1 E 5.428(,v)-.1 G(i-)533.89 297.6 Q(command)180 309.6 Q F0 3.434(,a)C(nd)229.254 309.6 Q F1(vi-insert)3.434 E F0(.).68 E F1(vi)5.934 E F0 .934(is equi)3.434 F -.25(va)-.25 G .934(lent to) .25 F F1(vi-command)3.434 E F0(;)A F1(emacs)3.434 E F0 .934(is equi)3.434 F -.25(va)-.25 G .935(lent to).25 F F1(emacs-)3.435 E(standar)180 321.6 Q(d)-.37 E F0(.)A F2144 333.6 Q F0(List the names of all)180 333.6 Q F2 -.18(re) 2.5 G(adline).18 E F0(functions)2.5 E F2144 345.6 Q F0 (List current function names and bindings)180 345.6 Q F2144 357.6 Q F0 (Dump function names and bindings in such a w)180 357.6 Q(ay that the)-.1 E 2.5 (yc)-.15 G(an be re-read)423.89 357.6 Q F2144 369.6 Q F1(\214lename)2.5 E F0(Read k)180 381.6 Q .3 -.15(ey b)-.1 H(indings from).15 E F1(\214lename)2.5 E F2144 393.6 Q F1(function)2.5 E F0(Query about which k)180 405.6 Q -.15 (ey)-.1 G 2.5(si).15 G -1.9 -.4(nv o)282.51 405.6 T .2 -.1(ke t).4 H(he named) .1 E F1(function)2.5 E F0(The return v)144 422.4 Q (alue is 0 unless an unrecognized option is gi)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(no).15 G 2.5(ra)391.37 422.4 S 2.5(ne)401.64 422.4 S(rror occurred.)413.58 422.4 Q F2 (br)108 439.2 Q(eak)-.18 E F0([)2.5 E F1(n)A F0(])A .076(Exit from within a)144 451.2 R F2 -.25(fo)2.576 G(r).25 E F0(,)A F2(while)2.576 E F0 2.576(,o)C(r) 270.866 451.2 Q F2(until)2.576 E F0 2.576(loop. If)2.576 F F1(n)2.576 E F0 .076 (is speci\214ed, break)2.576 F F1(n)2.576 E F0(le)2.576 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(ls.) .15 E F1(n)5.075 E F0 .075(must be)2.575 F/F3 10/Symbol SF2.575 E F0 2.575 (1. If)2.575 F F1(n)2.575 E F0(is)2.575 E .838 (greater than the number of enclosing loops, all enclosing loops are e)144 463.2 R 3.338(xited. The)-.15 F .838(return v)3.338 F .839(alue is 0)-.25 F (unless the shell is not e)144 475.2 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting a loop when).15 E F2(br)2.5 E(eak)-.18 E F0(is e)2.5 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted.).15 E F2 -.2(bu)108 492 S(iltin).2 E F1(shell\255b)2.5 E(uiltin)-.2 E F0([)2.5 E F1(ar)A(guments) -.37 E F0(])A(Ex)144 504 Q .793(ecute the speci\214ed shell b)-.15 F .793 (uiltin, passing it)-.2 F F1(ar)3.293 E(guments)-.37 E F0 3.293(,a).27 G .793 (nd return its e)382.104 504 R .792(xit status.)-.15 F .792(This is useful) 5.792 F .603 (when you wish to de\214ne a function whose name is the same as a shell b)144 516 R .603(uiltin, b)-.2 F .603(ut need the func-)-.2 F .773 (tionality of the b)144 528 R .773(uiltin within the function itself.)-.2 F (The)5.773 E F2(cd)3.273 E F0 -.2(bu)3.273 G .772 (iltin is commonly rede\214ned this w).2 F(ay)-.1 E(.)-.65 E (The return status is f)144 540 Q(alse if)-.1 E F1(shell\255b)2.5 E(uiltin)-.2 E F0(is not a shell b)2.5 E(uiltin command.)-.2 E F2(cd)108 556.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(dir)A F0 5.17(]C)C .21(hange the current directory to)150.67 556.8 R F1(dir) 2.71 E F0 5.21(.T)C .21(he v)298.01 556.8 R(ariable)-.25 E/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF (HOME)2.71 E F0 .21(is the def)2.46 F(ault)-.1 E F1(dir)2.71 E F0 5.21(.T).73 G .21(he v)456.703 556.8 R(ariable)-.25 E F4(CDP)2.71 E -.855(AT)-.666 G(H).855 E F0 .337(de\214nes the search path for the directory containing)144 568.8 R F1 (dir)2.837 E F0 5.337(.A).73 G(lternati)379.663 568.8 Q .637 -.15(ve d)-.25 H .337(irectory names are separated).15 F .309(by a colon \(:\).)144 580.8 R 2.809(An)5.309 G .309(ull directory name in)221.365 580.8 R F4(CDP)2.809 E -.855(AT)-.666 G(H).855 E F0 .309(is the same as the current directory)2.559 F 2.809(,i)-.65 G .31(.e., `)496.44 580.8 R(`)-.74 E F2(.)A F0 -.74('')C 5.31(.I) .74 G(f)536.67 580.8 Q F1(dir)144 592.8 Q F0(be)3.419 E .919 (gins with a slash \(/\), then)-.15 F F4(CDP)3.419 E -.855(AT)-.666 G(H).855 E F0 .919(is not used.)3.169 F .918(An ar)5.918 F .918(gument of)-.18 F F2 3.418 E F0 .918(is equi)3.418 F -.25(va)-.25 G .918(lent to).25 F F4($OLD-) 3.418 E(PWD)144 604.8 Q/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0(The return v)4.5 E (alue is true if the directory w)-.25 E(as successfully changed; f)-.1 E (alse otherwise.)-.1 E F2(command)108 621.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(-pVv)A F0(])A F1 (command)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F1(ar)A(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E(Run)144 633.6 Q F1 (command)2.877 E F0(with)2.877 E F1(ar)2.877 E(gs)-.37 E F0 .378 (suppressing the normal shell function lookup. Only b)2.877 F .378 (uiltin commands or)-.2 F .559(commands found in the)144 645.6 R F4 -.666(PA) 3.059 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .559(are e)2.809 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.059(cuted. If).15 F (the)3.059 E F23.059 E F0 .559(option is gi)3.059 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .558 (n, the search for).15 F F1(command)3.058 E F0(is)3.058 E .231 (performed using a def)144 657.6 R .231(ault v)-.1 F .231(alue for)-.25 F F2 -.74(PA)2.731 G(TH)-.21 E F0 .231 (that is guaranteed to \214nd all of the standard utilities.)2.731 F(If)5.232 E .232(either the)144 669.6 R F22.732 E F0(or)2.732 E F22.732 E F0 .232(option is supplied, a description of)2.732 F F1(command)2.732 E F0 .232 (is printed.)2.732 F(The)5.231 E F22.731 E F0 .231(option causes)2.731 F 2.71(as)144 681.6 S .21(ingle w)155.04 681.6 R .21 (ord indicating the command or pathname used to in)-.1 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G F1(command)2.811 E F0 .211(to be printed; the)2.711 F F22.711 E F0 .476 (option produces a more v)144 693.6 R .476(erbose description.)-.15 F .476 (An ar)5.476 F .476(gument of)-.18 F F22.976 E F0 .475 (disables option checking for the)2.976 F 1.348(rest of the ar)144 705.6 R 3.848(guments. If)-.18 F(the)3.848 E F23.848 E F0(or)3.848 E F2 3.848 E F0 1.348(option is supplied, the e)3.848 F 1.349(xit status is 0 if) -.15 F F1(command)3.849 E F0 -.1(wa)3.849 G(s).1 E 1.306(found, and 1 if not.) 144 717.6 R 1.305(If neither option is supplied and an error occurred or)6.306 F F1(command)3.805 E F0 1.305(cannot be)3.805 F .092(found, the e)144 729.6 R .092(xit status is 127.)-.15 F .092(Otherwise, the e)5.092 F .092 (xit status of the)-.15 F F2(command)2.592 E F0 -.2(bu)2.592 G .093 (iltin is the e).2 F .093(xit status of)-.15 F 186.79(GNU 1994)72 768 R(Dec 6) 2.5 E(26)530 768 Q EP %%Page: 27 27 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\))-.35 E /F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(command)144 84 Q F0(.).77 E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF (continue)108 100.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(n)A F0(])A .065(Resume the ne)144 112.8 R .065(xt iteration of the enclosing)-.15 F F2 -.25(fo)2.565 G(r).25 E F0(,)A F2 (while)2.565 E F0 2.564(,o)C(r)366.104 112.8 Q F2(until)2.564 E F0 2.564 (loop. If)2.564 F F1(n)2.564 E F0 .064(is speci\214ed, resume at the)2.564 F F1 (n)144 124.8 Q F0 1.168(th enclosing loop.)B F1(n)6.169 E F0 1.169(must be) 3.669 F/F3 10/Symbol SF3.669 E F0 3.669(1. If)3.669 F F1(n)3.669 E F0 1.169 (is greater than the number of enclosing loops, the last)3.669 F 1.594 (enclosing loop \(the `top\255le)144 136.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.593 (l' loop\) is resumed.).15 F 1.593(The return v)6.593 F 1.593 (alue is 0 unless the shell is not)-.25 F -.15(exe)144 148.8 S (cuting a loop when).15 E F2(continue)2.5 E F0(is e)2.5 E -.15(xe)-.15 G (cuted.).15 E F2(declar)108 165.6 Q(e)-.18 E F0([)2.5 E F2(\255frxi)A F0 2.5 (][)C F1(name)175.16 165.6 Q F0([=)A F1(value)A F0(]])A F2(typeset)108 177.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(\255frxi)A F0 2.5(][)C F1(name)174.23 177.6 Q F0([=)A F1(value)A F0(]])A 1.098(Declare v)144 189.6 R 1.098(ariables and/or gi)-.25 F 1.398 -.15 (ve t)-.25 H 1.098(hem attrib).15 F 3.598(utes. If)-.2 F(no)3.598 E F1(name) 3.598 E F0 3.598(sa)C 1.098(re gi)394.362 189.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.098 (n, then display the v).15 F 1.098(alues of)-.25 F -.25(va)144 201.6 S 2.492 (riables instead.).25 F 2.491(The options can be used to restrict output to v) 7.492 F 2.491(ariables with the speci\214ed)-.25 F(attrib)144 213.6 Q(ute.)-.2 E F2144 225.6 Q F0(Use function names only)180 225.6 Q F2144 237.6 Q F0(Mak)180 237.6 Q(e)-.1 E F1(name)5.046 E F0 5.046(sr)C(eadonly)241.642 237.6 Q 7.546(.T)-.65 G 2.546(hese names cannot then be assigned v)288.808 237.6 R 2.547(alues by subsequent)-.25 F(assignment statements.)180 249.6 Q F2 144 261.6 Q F0(Mark)180 261.6 Q F1(name)2.5 E F0 2.5(sf)C(or e)235.54 261.6 Q(xport to subsequent commands via the en)-.15 E(vironment.)-.4 E F2 144 273.6 Q F0 .558(The v)180 273.6 R .558(ariable is treated as an inte) -.25 F .558(ger; arithmetic e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G .558(luation \(see).25 F/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF .557(ARITHMETIC EV)3.058 F(ALU)-1.215 E(A-)-.54 E(TION \))180 285.6 Q F0(is performed when the v)2.25 E(ariable is assigned a v)-.25 E(alue.) -.25 E 1.218(Using `+' instead of `\255' turns of)144 302.4 R 3.719(ft)-.25 G 1.219(he attrib)289.369 302.4 R 1.219(ute instead.)-.2 F 1.219 (When used in a function, mak)6.219 F(es)-.1 E F1(name)3.719 E F0(s)A .236 (local, as with the)144 314.4 R F2(local)2.736 E F0 2.735(command. The)2.736 F .235(return v)2.735 F .235(alue is 0 unless an ille)-.25 F -.05(ga)-.15 G 2.735 (lo).05 G .235(ption is encountered, an)443.755 314.4 R .435 (attempt is made to de\214ne a function using "-f foo=bar", one of the)144 326.4 R F1(names)2.935 E F0 .435(is not a le)2.935 F -.05(ga)-.15 G 2.935(ls) .05 G .435(hell v)503.435 326.4 R(ari-)-.25 E .52 (able name, an attempt is made to turn of)144 338.4 R 3.019(fr)-.25 G .519 (eadonly status for a readonly v)318.399 338.4 R .519 (ariable, or an attempt is)-.25 F(made to display a non-e)144 350.4 Q (xistant function with -f.)-.15 E F2(dirs [-l] [+/\255n])108 367.2 Q F0 1.505 (Display the list of currently remembered directories.)144 379.2 R 1.505 (Directories are added to the list with the)6.505 F F2(pushd)144 391.2 Q F0 (command; the)2.5 E F2(popd)2.5 E F0(command mo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(sb).15 G(ack up through the list.)331.5 391.2 Q F2(+n)144 403.2 Q F0 .13(displays the) 180 403.2 R F1(n)2.63 E F0 .13(th entry counting from the left of the list sho) B .13(wn by)-.25 F F2(dirs)2.63 E F0 .13(when in)2.63 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.63(dw).1 G(ith-)526.11 403.2 Q(out options, starting with zero.)180 415.2 Q F2144 427.2 Q F0 1.342(displays the)180 427.2 R F1(n)3.842 E F0 1.342 (th entry counting from the right of the list sho)B 1.342(wn by)-.25 F F2(dirs) 3.842 E F0 1.342(when in)3.842 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d).1 E (without options, starting with zero.)180 439.2 Q F2144 451.2 Q F0 .362 (produces a longer listing; the def)180 451.2 R .361 (ault listing format uses a tilde to denote the home direc-)-.1 F(tory)180 463.2 Q(.)-.65 E .38(The return v)144 480 R .38(alue is 0 unless an ille)-.25 F -.05(ga)-.15 G 2.88(lo).05 G .381(ption is supplied or)303.79 480 R F1(n)2.881 E F0(inde)2.881 E -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.881(sb).15 G -.15(ey)430.775 480 S .381 (ond the end of the direc-).15 F(tory stack.)144 492 Q F2(echo)108 508.8 Q F0 ([)2.5 E F2(\255neE)A F0 2.5(][)C F1(ar)164.8 508.8 Q(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E .267(Output the)144 520.8 R F1(ar)2.767 E(g)-.37 E F0 .267 (s, separated by spaces.)B .267(The return status is al)5.267 F -.1(wa)-.1 G .266(ys 0.).1 F(If)5.266 E F22.766 E F0 .266 (is speci\214ed, the trailing)2.766 F(ne)144 532.8 Q .31(wline is suppressed.) -.25 F .311(If the)5.31 F F22.811 E F0 .311(option is gi)2.811 F -.15(ve) -.25 G .311(n, interpretation of the follo).15 F .311(wing backslash-escaped) -.25 F .874(characters is enabled.)144 544.8 R(The)5.874 E F23.374 E F0 .874(option disables the interpretation of these escape characters, e)3.374 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(n).15 E(on systems where the)144 556.8 Q 2.5(ya)-.15 G (re interpreted by def)241.61 556.8 Q(ault.)-.1 E F2(\\a)144 568.8 Q F0 (alert \(bell\))180 568.8 Q F2(\\b)144 580.8 Q F0(backspace)180 580.8 Q F2(\\c) 144 592.8 Q F0(suppress trailing ne)180 592.8 Q(wline)-.25 E F2(\\f)144 604.8 Q F0(form feed)180 604.8 Q F2(\\n)144 616.8 Q F0(ne)180 616.8 Q 2.5(wl)-.25 G (ine)201.69 616.8 Q F2(\\r)144 628.8 Q F0(carriage return)180 628.8 Q F2(\\t) 144 640.8 Q F0(horizontal tab)180 640.8 Q F2(\\v)144 652.8 Q F0 -.15(ve)180 652.8 S(rtical tab).15 E F2(\\\\)144 664.8 Q F0(backslash)180 664.8 Q F2(\\nnn) 144 676.8 Q F0(the character whose ASCII code is)180 676.8 Q F1(nnn)2.5 E F0 (\(octal\))2.5 E F2(enable)108 693.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F2A F0 2.5(][)C F2 (\255all)162.03 693.6 Q F0 2.5(][)C F1(name)187.45 693.6 Q F0(...])2.5 E .682 (Enable and disable b)144 705.6 R .683(uiltin shell commands.)-.2 F .683 (This allo)5.683 F .683(ws the e)-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .683 (cution of a disk command which).15 F .324(has the same name as a shell b)144 717.6 R .324(uiltin without specifying a full pathname.)-.2 F(If)5.324 E F2 2.824 E F0 .324(is used, each)2.824 F F1(name)2.823 E F0 .18 (is disabled; otherwise,)144 729.6 R F1(names)2.68 E F0 .18(are enabled.)2.68 F -.15(Fo)5.18 G 2.68(re).15 G .181(xample, to use the)338.81 729.6 R F2(test) 2.681 E F0 .181(binary found via the)2.681 F F4 -.666(PA)2.681 G(TH)-.189 E F0 186.79(GNU 1994)72 768 R(Dec 6)2.5 E(27)530 768 Q EP %%Page: 28 28 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\))-.35 E .749(instead of the shell b)144 84 R .749(uiltin v)-.2 F .749(ersion, type `) -.15 F .748(`enable -n test')-.74 F 3.248('. If)-.74 F .748(no ar)3.248 F .748 (guments are gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .748(n, a list of all).15 F .424 (enabled shell b)144 96 R .424(uiltins is printed.)-.2 F .424(If only)5.424 F /F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF2.924 E F0 .425 (is supplied, a list of all disabled b)2.924 F .425(uiltins is printed.)-.2 F (If)5.425 E(only)144 108 Q F1(\255all)2.547 E F0 .047 (is supplied, the list printed includes all b)2.547 F .046 (uiltins, with an indication of whether or not each)-.2 F .28(is enabled.)144 120 R F1(enable)5.28 E F0(accepts)2.78 E F12.78 E F0 .28(as a synon)2.78 F .28(ym for)-.15 F F1(\255all)2.78 E F0 5.28(.T)C .281(he return v)370.8 120 R .281(alue is 0 unless a)-.25 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(name)2.781 E F0 .281 (is not a)2.781 F(shell b)144 132 Q(uiltin.)-.2 E F1 -2.3 -.15(ev a)108 148.8 T (l).15 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E(The)144 160.8 Q F2(ar)3.171 E(g)-.37 E F0 3.171(sa)C .671 (re read and concatenated together into a single command.)187.742 160.8 R .67 (This command is then read)5.67 F .164(and e)144 172.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .164 (cuted by the shell, and its e).15 F .165(xit status is returned as the v)-.15 F .165(alue of the)-.25 F F1 -2.3 -.15(ev a)2.665 H(l).15 E F0 2.665 (command. If)2.665 F(there)2.665 E(are no)144 184.8 Q F2(ar)2.5 E(gs)-.37 E F0 2.5(,o).27 G 2.5(ro)198.89 184.8 S(nly null ar)209.72 184.8 Q(guments,)-.18 E F1 -2.3 -.15(ev a)2.5 H(l).15 E F0(returns true.)2.5 E F1(exec)108 201.6 Q F0 ([[)2.5 E F1A F0(])A F2(command)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(guments)-.37 E F0 (]])A(If)144 213.6 Q F2(command)2.91 E F0 .41 (is speci\214ed, it replaces the shell.)2.91 F .41(No ne)5.41 F 2.91(wp)-.25 G .41(rocess is created.)371.42 213.6 R(The)5.41 E F2(ar)2.91 E(guments)-.37 E F0 (become)2.91 E 1.238(the ar)144 225.6 R 1.238(guments to)-.18 F F2(command) 3.738 E F0 6.238(.I)C 3.738(ft)267.642 225.6 S 1.238(he \214rst ar)277.49 225.6 R 1.238(gument is)-.18 F F13.738 E F0 3.738(,t)C 1.239 (he shell places a dash in the zeroth ar)376.42 225.6 R(g)-.18 E 1.049 (passed to)144 237.6 R F2(command)3.549 E F0 6.049(.T).77 G 1.048 (his is what login does.)239.847 237.6 R 1.048(If the \214le cannot be e)6.048 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.048(cuted for some reason, a).15 F(non-interacti)144 249.6 Q .91 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .611(hell e).15 F .611(xits, unless the shell v)-.15 F (ariable)-.25 E F1(no_exit_on_failed_exec)3.111 E F0 -.15(ex)3.111 G .611 (ists, in which case).15 F .333(it returns f)144 261.6 R 2.833(ailure. An)-.1 F (interacti)2.833 E .633 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .333(hell returns f).15 F .332 (ailure if the \214le cannot be e)-.1 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.832(cuted. If).15 F F2 (command)2.832 E F0(is)2.832 E(not speci\214ed, an)144 273.6 Q 2.5(yr)-.15 G (edirections tak)219.95 273.6 Q 2.5(ee)-.1 G -.25(ff)289.83 273.6 S (ect in the current shell, and the return status is 0.).25 E F1(exit)108 290.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0 6.29(]C)C .122(ause the shell to e)150.67 290.4 R .122 (xit with a status of)-.15 F F2(n)2.623 E F0 5.123(.I)C(f)315.064 290.4 Q F2(n) 2.623 E F0 .123(is omitted, the e)2.623 F .123 (xit status is that of the last command)-.15 F -.15(exe)144 302.4 S 2.5 (cuted. A).15 F(trap on)2.5 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(EXIT)2.5 E F0(is e)2.25 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted before the shell terminates.).15 E F1(export)108 319.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255nf)A F0 2.5(][).833 G F2(name)166.183 319.2 Q F0([=)A F2(wor) A(d)-.37 E F0(]] ...)A F1(export \255p)108 331.2 Q F0 .306(The supplied)144 343.2 R F2(names)2.806 E F0 .306(are mark)2.806 F .305(ed for automatic e)-.1 F .305(xport to the en)-.15 F .305(vironment of subsequently e)-.4 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E 2.693(commands. If)144 355.2 R(the)2.693 E F12.693 E F0 .193(option is gi)2.693 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .193(n, the).15 F F2(names)2.693 E F0 .193(refer to functions.)2.693 F .193(If no)5.193 F F2(names)2.693 E F0 .193 (are gi)2.693 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .194(n, or if the).15 F F1144 367.2 Q F0 .66(option is supplied, a list of all names that are e)3.16 F .659 (xported in this shell is printed.)-.15 F(The)5.659 E F13.159 E F0 (option)3.159 E .537(causes the e)144 379.2 R .537(xport property to be remo) -.15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.037(df).15 G .537(rom the named v)318.099 379.2 R 3.038 (ariables. An)-.25 F(ar)3.038 E .538(gument of)-.18 F F13.038 E F0 (disables)3.038 E .666(option checking for the rest of the ar)144 391.2 R (guments.)-.18 E F1(export)5.665 E F0 .665(returns an e)3.165 F .665 (xit status of 0 unless an ille)-.15 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(l).05 E .32 (option is encountered, one of the)144 403.2 R F2(names)2.82 E F0 .32 (is not a le)2.82 F -.05(ga)-.15 G 2.82(ls).05 G .32(hell v)366.18 403.2 R .32 (ariable name, or)-.25 F F12.82 E F0 .32(is supplied with a)2.82 F F2 (name)144 415.2 Q F0(that is not a function.)2.5 E F1(fc)108 432 Q F0([)2.5 E F1A F2(ename)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1(\255nlr)169.5 432 Q F0 2.5(][)C F2 <8c72>197.14 432 Q(st)-.1 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(last)221.76 432 Q F0(])A F1 (fc \255s)108 444 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(pat)A F0(=)A F2 -.37(re)C(p).37 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(cmd)174.23 444 Q F0(])A .665(Fix Command.)144 456 R .665 (In the \214rst form, a range of commands from)5.665 F F2<8c72>3.164 E(st)-.1 E F0(to)3.164 E F2(last)3.164 E F0 .664(is selected from the his-)3.164 F .967 (tory list.)144 468 R F2 -.45(Fi)5.967 G -.1(rs).45 G(t).1 E F0(and)3.467 E F2 (last)3.467 E F0 .967 (may be speci\214ed as a string \(to locate the last command be)3.467 F .968 (ginning with)-.15 F .797(that string\) or as a number \(an inde)144 480 R 3.297(xi)-.15 G .797(nto the history list, where a ne)300.756 480 R -.05(ga) -.15 G(ti).05 E 1.097 -.15(ve n)-.25 H .796(umber is used as an).15 F(of)144 492 Q .321(fset from the current command number\).)-.25 F(If)5.322 E F2(last) 2.822 E F0 .322(is not speci\214ed it is set to the current command)2.822 F .019(for listing \(so that)144 504 R F1 .019(fc \255l \25510)2.519 F F0 .019 (prints the last 10 commands\) and to)2.519 F F2<8c72>2.519 E(st)-.1 E F0 2.519 (otherwise. If)2.519 F F2<8c72>2.519 E(st)-.1 E F0 .019(is not spec-)2.519 F (i\214ed it is set to the pre)144 516 Q (vious command for editing and \25516 for listing.)-.25 E(The)144 540 Q F1 2.92 E F0 .42(\215ag suppresses the command numbers when listing.)2.92 F (The)5.421 E F12.921 E F0 .421(\215ag re)2.921 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .421 (rses the order of the).15 F 3.642(commands. If)144 552 R(the)3.642 E F1 3.642 E F0 1.142(\215ag is gi)3.642 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.142 (n, the commands are listed on standard output.).15 F 1.142(Otherwise, the) 6.142 F .378(editor gi)144 564 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.878(nb).15 G(y)199.906 564 Q F2(ename)2.878 E F0 .378(is in)2.878 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.878(do).1 G 2.878(na\214)285.708 564 S .378(le containing those commands.)306.464 564 R(If) 5.378 E F2(ename)2.878 E F0 .379(is not gi)2.879 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .379(n, the) .15 F -.25(va)144 576 S .805(lue of the).25 F F3(FCEDIT)3.305 E F0 -.25(va) 3.055 G .805(riable is used, and the v).25 F .805(alue of)-.25 F F3(EDIT)3.305 E(OR)-.162 E F0(if)3.054 E F3(FCEDIT)3.304 E F0 .804(is not set.)3.054 F .804 (If neither)5.804 F -.25(va)144 588 S 2.217(riable is set,).25 F F2(vi)6.383 E F0 2.217(is used.)6.383 F 2.217 (When editing is complete, the edited commands are echoed and)7.217 F -.15(exe) 144 600 S(cuted.).15 E .04(In the second form,)144 624 R F2(command)2.54 E F0 .04(is re-e)2.54 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .039(cuted after each instance of).15 F F2 (pat)2.539 E F0 .039(is replaced by)2.539 F F2 -.37(re)2.539 G(p).37 E F0 5.039 (.A)C(useful)515.56 624 Q 1.008(alias to use with this is `)144 636 R 1.008 (`r=fc \255s')-.74 F 1.008(', so that typing `)-.74 F 1.008(`r cc')-.74 F 3.509 ('r)-.74 G 1.009(uns the last command be)385.385 636 R 1.009(ginning with)-.15 F -.74(``)144 648 S(cc').74 E 2.5('a)-.74 G(nd typing `)171.66 648 Q(`r')-.74 E 2.5('r)-.74 G(e-e)233.22 648 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cutes the last command.).15 E .427(If the \214rst form is used, the return v)144 672 R .426 (alue is 0 unless an ille)-.25 F -.05(ga)-.15 G 2.926(lo).05 G .426 (ption is encountered or)399.774 672 R F2<8c72>2.926 E(st)-.1 E F0(or)2.926 E F2(last)2.926 E F0 .454(specify history lines out of range.)144 684 R .454 (If the)5.454 F F12.954 E F0 .454(option is supplied, the return v)2.954 F .455(alue is the v)-.25 F .455(alue of the)-.25 F .788(last command e)144 696 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .788(cuted or f).15 F .787 (ailure if an error occurs with the temporary \214le of commands.)-.1 F .787 (If the)5.787 F 1.196 (second form is used, the return status is that of the command re-e)144 708 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.197(cuted, unless).15 F F2(cmd)3.697 E F0 1.197(does not)3.697 F(specify a v)144 720 Q(alid history line, in which case)-.25 E F1(fc)2.5 E F0 (returns f)2.5 E(ailure.)-.1 E 186.79(GNU 1994)72 768 R(Dec 6)2.5 E(28)530 768 Q EP %%Page: 29 29 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\))-.35 E /F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(fg)108 84 Q F0([)2.5 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(jobspec)A F0(])A(Place)144 96 Q F2(jobspec)3.042 E F0 .542(in the fore)3.042 F .542 (ground, and mak)-.15 F 3.042(ei)-.1 G 3.042(tt)323.064 96 S .542 (he current job)331.666 96 R 5.542(.I)-.4 G(f)399.262 96 Q F2(jobspec)3.042 E F0 .541(is not present, the shell')3.042 F(s)-.55 E .957(notion of the)144 108 R F2(curr)3.457 E .957(ent job)-.37 F F0 .957(is used.)3.457 F .957 (The return v)5.957 F .957(alue is that of the command placed into the fore-) -.25 F .195(ground, or f)144 120 R .195 (ailure if run when job control is disabled or)-.1 F 2.694(,w)-.4 G .194 (hen run with job control enabled, if)378.662 120 R F2(job-)2.694 E(spec)144 132 Q F0(does not specify a v)2.5 E(alid job or)-.25 E F2(jobspec)2.5 E F0 (speci\214es a job that w)2.5 E(as started without job control.)-.1 E F1 (getopts)108 148.8 Q F2(optstring name)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(gs)-.37 E F0(]) A F1(getopts)144 160.8 Q F0 .828 (is used by shell procedures to parse positional parameters.)3.327 F F2 (optstring)5.828 E F0 .828(contains the option)3.328 F .603 (letters to be recognized; if a letter is follo)144 172.8 R .603 (wed by a colon, the option is e)-.25 F .602(xpected to ha)-.15 F .902 -.15 (ve a)-.2 H 3.102(na).15 G -.18(rg)523.52 172.8 S(u-).18 E .7 (ment, which should be separated from it by white space.)144 184.8 R .7 (Each time it is in)5.7 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d,).1 E F1(getopts)3.2 E F0 (places)3.2 E .009(the ne)144 196.8 R .009(xt option in the shell v)-.15 F (ariable)-.25 E F2(name)2.509 E F0 2.509(,i).18 G(nitializing)316.892 196.8 Q F2(name)2.508 E F0 .008(if it does not e)2.508 F .008(xist, and the inde)-.15 F 2.508(xo)-.15 G 2.508(ft)521.942 196.8 S(he)530.56 196.8 Q(ne)144 208.8 Q .198 (xt ar)-.15 F .198(gument to be processed into the v)-.18 F(ariable)-.25 E/F3 9 /Times-Bold@0 SF(OPTIND)2.699 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F3(OPTIND)4.699 E F0 .199(is initialized to 1 each time the)2.449 F .498 (shell or a shell script is in)144 220.8 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.998 (d. When).1 F .497(an option requires an ar)2.998 F(gument,)-.18 E F1(getopts) 2.997 E F0 .497(places that ar)2.997 F(gu-)-.18 E .027(ment into the v)144 232.8 R(ariable)-.25 E F3(OPT)2.528 E(ARG)-.81 E F4(.)A F0 .028 (The shell does not reset)4.528 F F3(OPTIND)2.528 E F0 .028 (automatically; it must be manu-)2.278 F .162 (ally reset between multiple calls to)144 244.8 R F1(getopts)2.661 E F0 .161 (within the same shell in)2.661 F -.2(vo)-.4 G .161(cation if a ne).2 F 2.661 (ws)-.25 G .161(et of param-)490.808 244.8 R(eters is to be used.)144 256.8 Q F1(getopts)144 280.8 Q F0 1.251(can report errors in tw)3.751 F 3.752(ow)-.1 G 3.752(ays. If)287.938 280.8 R 1.252(the \214rst character of)3.752 F F2 (optstring)3.752 E F0 1.252(is a colon,)3.752 F F2(silent)3.752 E F0(error) 3.752 E 1.443(reporting is used.)144 292.8 R 1.442 (In normal operation diagnostic messages are printed when ille)6.443 F -.05(ga) -.15 G 3.942(lo).05 G 1.442(ptions or)503.278 292.8 R .653(missing option ar) 144 304.8 R .653(guments are encountered.)-.18 F .653(If the v)5.653 F(ariable) -.25 E F3(OPTERR)3.153 E F0 .653(is set to 0, no error message)2.903 F (will be displayed, e)144 316.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(ft)241.09 316.8 S(he \214rst character of)249.7 316.8 Q F2(optstring)2.5 E F0 (is not a colon.)2.5 E .827(If an ille)144 340.8 R -.05(ga)-.15 G 3.326(lo).05 G .826(ption is seen,)199.88 340.8 R F1(getopts)3.326 E F0 .826(places ? into) 3.326 F F2(name)3.326 E F0 .826(and, if not silent, prints an error message) 3.326 F .399(and unsets)144 352.8 R F3(OPT)2.899 E(ARG)-.81 E F4(.)A F0(If) 4.899 E F1(getopts)2.899 E F0 .399 (is silent, the option character found is placed in)2.899 F F3(OPT)2.899 E(ARG) -.81 E F0 .4(and no)2.65 F(diagnostic message is printed.)144 364.8 Q 1.242 (If a required ar)144 388.8 R 1.242(gument is not found, and)-.18 F F1(getopts) 3.741 E F0 1.241(is not silent, a question mark \()3.741 F F1(?).833 E F0 3.741 (\)i).833 G 3.741(sp)494.748 388.8 S 1.241(laced in)507.379 388.8 R F2(name)144 400.8 Q F0(,).18 E F1(OPT)3.356 E(ARG)-.9 E F0 .856 (is unset, and a diagnostic message is printed.)3.356 F(If)5.856 E F1(getopts) 3.356 E F0 .857(is silent, then a colon)3.356 F(\()144 412.8 Q F1(:).833 E F0 2.5(\)i).833 G 2.5(sp)160.936 412.8 S(laced in)172.326 412.8 Q F2(name)2.5 E F0 (and)2.5 E F3(OPT)2.5 E(ARG)-.81 E F0(is set to the option character found.) 2.25 E F1(getopts)144 436.8 Q F0 2.393 (normally parses the positional parameters, b)4.893 F 2.392(ut if more ar)-.2 F 2.392(guments are gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 4.892(ni).15 G(n)509.928 436.8 Q F2 (ar)4.892 E(gs)-.37 E F0(,).27 E F1(getopts)144 448.8 Q F0 .65 (parses those instead.)3.15 F F1(getopts)5.65 E F0 .651 (returns true if an option, speci\214ed or unspeci\214ed, is found.)3.151 F (It returns f)144 460.8 Q (alse if the end of options is encountered or an error occurs.)-.1 E F1(hash) 108 477.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)153.14 477.6 Q F0(])A -.15 (Fo)144 489.6 S 2.82(re).15 G(ach)165 489.6 Q F2(name)2.82 E F0 2.82(,t).18 G .319(he full pathname of the command is determined and remembered.)211.64 489.6 R(The)5.319 E F12.819 E F0(option)2.819 E .507(causes the shell to for) 144 501.6 R .508(get all remembered locations.)-.18 F .508(If no ar)5.508 F .508(guments are gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .508(n, information about).15 F .194 (remembered commands is printed.)144 513.6 R .194(An ar)5.194 F .193(gument of) -.18 F F12.693 E F0 .193(disables option checking for the rest of the) 2.693 F(ar)144 525.6 Q 2.5(guments. The)-.18 F(return status is true unless a) 2.5 E F2(name)2.5 E F0(is not found or an ille)2.5 E -.05(ga)-.15 G 2.5(lo).05 G(ption is supplied.)453.86 525.6 Q F1(help)108 542.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(pattern)A F0(])A .99(Display helpful information about b)144 554.4 R .991 (uiltin commands.)-.2 F(If)5.991 E F2(pattern)3.491 E F0 .991(is speci\214ed,) 3.491 F F1(help)3.491 E F0(gi)3.491 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.491(sd).15 G(etailed) 513.34 554.4 Q .409(help on all commands matching)144 566.4 R F2(pattern)2.909 E F0 2.909(;o).24 G .409(therwise a list of the b)316.134 566.4 R .409 (uiltins is printed.)-.2 F .408(The return sta-)5.408 F (tus is 0 unless no command matches)144 578.4 Q F2(pattern)2.5 E F0(.).24 E F1 (history)108 595.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A F1(history \255rwan)108 607.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(\214lename)A F0(])A -.4(Wi)144 619.2 S .752 (th no options, display the command history list with line numbers.).4 F .752 (Lines listed with a)5.752 F F1(*)3.252 E F0(ha)3.252 E -.15(ve)-.2 G .376 (been modi\214ed.)144 631.2 R .376(An ar)5.376 F .376(gument of)-.18 F F2(n) 2.876 E F0 .375(lists only the last)2.875 F F2(n)2.875 E F0 2.875(lines. If) 2.875 F 2.875(an)2.875 G .375(on-option ar)411.835 631.2 R .375 (gument is supplied,)-.18 F .811 (it is used as the name of the history \214le; if not, the v)144 643.2 R .811 (alue of)-.25 F F3(HISTFILE)3.311 E F0 .812(is used.)3.061 F .812 (Options, if sup-)5.812 F(plied, ha)144 655.2 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1144 667.2 Q F0 .599(Append the `)180 667.2 R (`ne)-.74 E(w')-.25 E 3.099('h)-.74 G .598 (istory lines \(history lines entered since the be)266.427 667.2 R .598 (ginning of the current)-.15 F F1(bash)180 679.2 Q F0 (session\) to the history \214le)2.5 E F1144 691.2 Q F0 .854(Read the hi\ story lines not already read from the history \214le into the current history \ list.)180 691.2 R .773 (These are lines appended to the history \214le since the be)180 703.2 R .772 (ginning of the current)-.15 F F1(bash)3.272 E F0(ses-)3.272 E(sion.)180 715.2 Q 186.79(GNU 1994)72 768 R(Dec 6)2.5 E(29)530 768 Q EP %%Page: 30 30 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\))-.35 E /F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF144 84 Q F0 (Read the contents of the history \214le and use them as the current history) 180 84 Q F1144 96 Q F0 (Write the current history to the history \214le, o)180 96 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G (rwriting the history \214le').15 E 2.5(sc)-.55 G(ontents.)474.4 96 Q .988 (The return v)144 112.8 R .989(alue is 0 unless an ille)-.25 F -.05(ga)-.15 G 3.489(lo).05 G .989(ption is encountered or an error occurs while reading or) 308.659 112.8 R(writing the history \214le.)144 124.8 Q F1(jobs)108 141.6 Q F0 ([)2.5 E F1(\255lnp)A F0 2.5(][)C/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(jobspec)A F0(... ]) 2.5 E F1(jobs \255x)108 153.6 Q F2(command)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)2.5 E(gs)-.37 E F0(... ])2.5 E .298(The \214rst form lists the acti)144 165.6 R .598 -.15 (ve j)-.25 H 2.798(obs. The).15 F F12.798 E F0 .298 (option lists process IDs in addition to the normal infor)2.798 F(-)-.2 E .745 (mation; the)144 177.6 R F13.245 E F0 .745 (option lists only the process ID of the job')3.245 F 3.245(sp)-.55 G .746 (rocess group leader)394.2 177.6 R 5.746(.T)-.55 G(he)487.248 177.6 Q F1 3.246 E F0(option)3.246 E 2.081(displays only jobs that ha)144 189.6 R 2.381 -.15(ve c)-.2 H 2.081(hanged status since last noti\214ed.).15 F(If)7.081 E F2 (jobspec)4.58 E F0 2.08(is gi)4.58 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.08(n, output is).15 F .727(restricted to information about that job)144 201.6 R 5.727(.T)-.4 G .727 (he return status is 0 unless an ille)316.28 201.6 R -.05(ga)-.15 G 3.227(lo) .05 G .727(ption is encoun-)474.106 201.6 R(tered or an ille)144 213.6 Q -.05 (ga)-.15 G(l).05 E F2(jobspec)2.5 E F0(is supplied.)2.5 E .608(If the)144 237.6 R F13.107 E F0 .607(option is supplied,)3.107 F F1(jobs)3.107 E F0 .607 (replaces an)3.107 F(y)-.15 E F2(jobspec)3.107 E F0 .607(found in)3.107 F F2 (command)3.107 E F0(or)3.107 E F2(ar)3.107 E(gs)-.37 E F0 .607(with the corre-) 3.107 F(sponding process group ID, and e)144 249.6 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cutes).15 E F2(command)2.5 E F0(passing it)2.5 E F2(ar)2.5 E(gs)-.37 E F0 2.5(,r).27 G (eturning its e)418.56 249.6 Q(xit status.)-.15 E F1(kill)108 266.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(-s sigspec)A F0(|)2.5 E F1(\255sigspec)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(pid)219.31 266.4 Q F0(|)2.5 E F2(jobspec)2.5 E F0 2.5(].)C(..)277.97 266.4 Q F1 (kill \255l)108 278.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(signum)A F0(])A .942 (Send the signal named by)144 290.4 R F2(sigspec)3.442 E F0 .942 (to the processes named by)3.442 F F2(pid)3.442 E F0(or)3.443 E F2(jobspec) 3.443 E F0(.).31 E F2(sigspec)5.943 E F0 .943(is either a)3.443 F .908 (signal name such as)144 302.4 R/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIGKILL)3.408 E F0 .908 (or a signal number)3.158 F 5.908(.I)-.55 G(f)359.638 302.4 Q F2(sigspec)3.408 E F0 .908(is a signal name, the name is case)3.408 F(insensiti)144 314.4 Q 2.429 -.15(ve a)-.25 H 2.129(nd may be gi).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 4.629(nw).15 G 2.129(ith or without the)279.665 314.4 R F3(SIG)4.63 E F0 4.63(pre\214x. If) 4.38 F F2(sigspec)4.63 E F0 2.13(is not present, then)4.63 F F3(SIGTERM)144 326.4 Q F0 .814(is assumed.)3.064 F .814(An ar)5.814 F .814(gument of)-.18 F F1 3.314 E F0 .813(lists the signal names.)3.314 F .813(If an)5.813 F 3.313 (ya)-.15 G -.18(rg)450.234 326.4 S .813(uments are supplied).18 F(when)144 338.4 Q F12.826 E F0 .326(is gi)2.826 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .327(n, the names\ of the speci\214ed signals are listed, and the return status is 0.).15 F .327 (An ar)5.327 F(gu-)-.18 E .485(ment of)144 350.4 R F12.985 E F0 .485 (disables option checking for the rest of the ar)2.985 F(guments.)-.18 E F1 (kill)5.484 E F0 .484(returns true if at least one)2.984 F(signal w)144 362.4 Q (as successfully sent, or f)-.1 E(alse if an error occurs or an ille)-.1 E -.05 (ga)-.15 G 2.5(lo).05 G(ption is encountered.)419.09 362.4 Q F1(let)108 379.2 Q F2(ar)2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E(Each)144 391.2 Q F2(ar)3.676 E(g)-.37 E F0 1.177(is an arithmetic e)3.676 F 1.177 (xpression to be e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G 1.177(luated \(see).25 F F3 1.177 (ARITHMETIC EV)3.677 F(ALU)-1.215 E -.855(AT)-.54 G(ION).855 E/F4 9 /Times-Roman@0 SF(\).)A F0 1.177(If the)5.677 F(last)144 403.2 Q F2(ar)2.5 E(g) -.37 E F0 -.25(eva)2.5 G(luates to 0,).25 E F1(let)2.5 E F0 (returns 1; 0 is returned otherwise.)2.5 E F1(local)108 420 Q F0([)2.5 E F2 (name)A F0([=)A F2(value)A F0 2.5(].)C(..])194.45 420 Q -.15(Fo)144 432 S 3.277 (re).15 G .777(ach ar)165.457 432 R .777(gument, create a local v)-.18 F .776 (ariable named)-.25 F F2(name)3.276 E F0 3.276(,a).18 G .776(nd assign it) 380.788 432 R F2(value)3.276 E F0 5.776(.W).18 G(hen)470.732 432 Q F1(local) 3.276 E F0 .776(is used)3.276 F .13(within a function, it causes the v)144 444 R(ariable)-.25 E F2(name)2.63 E F0 .131(to ha)2.631 F .431 -.15(ve a v)-.2 H .131(isible scope restricted to that function and).15 F .233(its children.)144 456 R -.4(Wi)5.233 G .233(th no operands,).4 F F1(local)2.733 E F0 .233 (writes a list of local v)2.733 F .233(ariables to the standard output.)-.25 F .232(It is an)5.232 F .42(error to use)144 468 R F1(local)2.92 E F0 .42 (when not within a function.)2.92 F .42(The return status is 0 unless)5.42 F F1 (local)2.92 E F0 .42(is used outside a)2.92 F(function, or an ille)144 480 Q -.05(ga)-.15 G(l).05 E F2(name)2.5 E F0(is supplied.)2.5 E F1(logout)108 496.8 Q F0(Exit a login shell.)9.33 E F1(popd)108 513.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(+/\255n)A F0 (])A(Remo)144 525.6 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.8(se).15 G .3 (ntries from the directory stack.)188.16 525.6 R -.4(Wi)5.299 G .299(th no ar) .4 F .299(guments, remo)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.799(st).15 G .299 (he top directory from the)438.824 525.6 R(stack, and performs a)144 537.6 Q F1 (cd)2.5 E F0(to the ne)2.5 E 2.5(wt)-.25 G(op directory)291.22 537.6 Q(.)-.65 E F1(+n)144 549.6 Q F0(remo)180 549.6 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.848(st).15 G(he)219.208 549.6 Q F2(n)2.848 E F0 .349(th entry counting from the left of the list sho)B .349(wn by)-.25 F F1(dirs)2.849 E F0 2.849(,s)C .349(tarting with zero.)470.702 549.6 R -.15(Fo)180 561.6 S 2.5(re).15 G(xample: `)200.53 561.6 Q(`popd +0') -.74 E 2.5('r)-.74 G(emo)286.06 561.6 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(st).15 G (he \214rst directory)321.59 561.6 Q 2.5(,`)-.65 G(`popd +1')394.63 561.6 Q 2.5 ('t)-.74 G(he second.)442.3 561.6 Q F1144 573.6 Q F0(remo)180 573.6 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.502(st).15 G(he)218.862 573.6 Q F2(n)2.502 E F0 .001 (th entry counting from the right of the list sho)B .001(wn by)-.25 F F1(dirs) 2.501 E F0 2.501(,s)C .001(tarting with zero.)471.398 573.6 R -.15(Fo)180 585.6 S 2.5(re).15 G(xample: `)200.53 585.6 Q(`popd -0')-.74 E 2.5('r)-.74 G(emo) 283.75 585.6 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(st).15 G(he last directory)319.28 585.6 Q 2.5 (,`)-.65 G(`popd -1')390.65 585.6 Q 2.5('t)-.74 G(he ne)436.01 585.6 Q (xt to last.)-.15 E .643(If the)144 602.4 R F1(popd)3.143 E F0 .643 (command is successful, a)3.143 F F1(dirs)3.143 E F0 .644 (is performed as well, and the return status is 0.)3.143 F F1(popd)5.644 E F0 .571(returns f)144 614.4 R .571(alse if an ille)-.1 F -.05(ga)-.15 G 3.071(lo) .05 G .571(ption is encountered, the directory stack is empty)251.255 614.4 R 3.07(,an)-.65 G(on-e)469.32 614.4 Q .57(xistent direc-)-.15 F (tory stack entry is speci\214ed, or the directory change f)144 626.4 Q(ails.) -.1 E F1(pushd)108 643.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(dir)A F0(])A F1(pushd +/\255n)108 655.2 Q F0 .639(Adds a directory to the top of the directory stack, or rotates\ the stack, making the ne)144 667.2 R 3.14(wt)-.25 G .64(op of the)503.17 667.2 R 1.316(stack the current w)144 679.2 R 1.316(orking directory)-.1 F 6.316(.W) -.65 G 1.315(ith no ar)306.89 679.2 R 1.315(guments, e)-.18 F 1.315 (xchanges the top tw)-.15 F 3.815(od)-.1 G 1.315(irectories and)484.535 679.2 R (returns 0, unless the directory stack is empty)144 691.2 Q(.)-.65 E F1(+n)144 703.2 Q F0 1.267(Rotates the stack so that the)180 703.2 R F2(n)3.767 E F0 1.268(th directory \(counting from the left of the list sho)B 1.268(wn by)-.25 F F1(dirs)180 715.2 Q F0 2.5(\)i)C 2.5(sa)205.28 715.2 S 2.5(tt)216.11 715.2 S (he top.)224.17 715.2 Q 186.79(GNU 1994)72 768 R(Dec 6)2.5 E(30)530 768 Q EP %%Page: 31 31 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\))-.35 E /F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF144 84 Q F0(Rotates the stack so that the)180 84 Q /F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(n)2.5 E F0 (th directory \(counting from the right\) is at the top.)A F1(dir)144 96 Q F0 (adds)180 96 Q F2(dir)2.5 E F0 (to the directory stack at the top, making it the ne)2.5 E 2.5(wc)-.25 G (urrent w)422.5 96 Q(orking directory)-.1 E(.)-.65 E .489(If the)144 112.8 R F1 (pushd)2.989 E F0 .489(command is successful, a)2.989 F F1(dirs)2.988 E F0 .488 (is performed as well.)2.988 F .488(If the \214rst form is used,)5.488 F F1 (pushd)2.988 E F0 1.103(returns 0 unless the cd to)144 124.8 R F2(dir)3.603 E F0 -.1(fa)3.603 G 3.603(ils. W).1 F 1.103(ith the second form,)-.4 F F1(pushd) 3.603 E F0 1.103(returns 0 unless the directory)3.603 F .847(stack is empty)144 136.8 R 3.347(,an)-.65 G(on-e)220.898 136.8 Q .847(xistant directory stack ele\ ment is speci\214ed, or the directory change to the)-.15 F(speci\214ed ne)144 148.8 Q 2.5(wc)-.25 G(urrent directory f)205.4 148.8 Q(ails.)-.1 E F1(pwd)108 165.6 Q F0 .724(Print the absolute pathname of the current w)144 165.6 R .724 (orking directory)-.1 F 5.724(.T)-.65 G .725(he path printed contains no sym-) 405.556 165.6 R .522(bolic links if the)144 177.6 R F13.021 E F0 .521 (option to the)3.021 F F1(set)3.021 E F0 -.2(bu)3.021 G .521 (iltin command is set.).2 F .521(See also the description of)5.521 F F1 (nolinks)3.021 E F0(under)144 189.6 Q F1 .073(Shell V)2.573 F(ariables)-.92 E F0(abo)2.573 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.573(\). The).15 F .074 (return status is 0 unless an error occurs while reading the path-)2.574 F (name of the current directory)144 201.6 Q(.)-.65 E F1 -.18(re)108 218.4 S(ad) .18 E F0([)2.5 E F1A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)152.39 218.4 Q F0(...])2.5 E .037(One line is read from the standard input, and the \214rst w)144 230.4 R .036(ord is assigned to the \214rst)-.1 F F2(name)2.536 E F0 2.536(,t).18 G .036(he second)500.254 230.4 R -.1(wo)144 242.4 S .108(rd to the second).1 F F2 (name)2.609 E F0 2.609(,a).18 G .109(nd so on, with lefto)254.043 242.4 R -.15 (ve)-.15 G 2.609(rw).15 G .109(ords assigned to the last)354.178 242.4 R F2 (name)2.609 E F0 5.109(.O).18 G .109(nly the char)489.442 242.4 R(-)-.2 E .144 (acters in)144 254.4 R/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(IFS)2.644 E F0 .144 (are recognized as w)2.394 F .143(ord delimiters.)-.1 F .143(If no)5.143 F F2 (names)2.643 E F0 .143(are supplied, the line read is assigned)2.643 F .193 (to the v)144 266.4 R(ariable)-.25 E F3(REPL)2.693 E(Y)-.828 E/F4 9 /Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .194 (The return code is zero, unless end-of-\214le is encountered.)4.693 F .194 (If the)5.194 F F12.694 E F0(option)2.694 E .445(is gi)144 278.4 R -.15 (ve)-.25 G .445(n, a backslash-ne).15 F .444 (wline pair is not ignored, and the backslash is considered to be part of the) -.25 F(line.)144 290.4 Q F1 -.18(re)108 307.2 S(adonly).18 E F0([)2.5 E F1 A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)169.62 307.2 Q F0(...])2.5 E F1 -.18(re)108 319.2 S (adonly -p).18 E F0 .418(The gi)144 331.2 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(n).15 E F2(names) 2.918 E F0 .419(are mark)2.918 F .419(ed readonly and the v)-.1 F .419 (alues of these)-.25 F F2(names)2.919 E F0 .419(may not be changed by sub-) 2.919 F .542(sequent assignment.)144 343.2 R .542(If the)5.542 F F13.042 E F0 .541(option is supplied, the functions corresponding to the)3.042 F F2 (names)3.041 E F0 .541(are so)3.041 F(mark)144 355.2 Q 3.036(ed. If)-.1 F .536 (no ar)3.036 F .536(guments are gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .536(n, or if the).15 F F13.036 E F0 .537(option is supplied, a list of all readonly names is) 3.036 F 2.502(printed. An)144 367.2 R(ar)2.502 E .002(gument of)-.18 F F1 2.502 E F0 .002(disables option checking for the rest of the ar)2.502 F 2.502 (guments. The)-.18 F .001(return sta-)2.501 F .191(tus is 0 unless an ille)144 379.2 R -.05(ga)-.15 G 2.691(lo).05 G .192(ption is encountered, one of the) 247.726 379.2 R F2(names)2.692 E F0 .192(is not a le)2.692 F -.05(ga)-.15 G 2.692(ls).05 G .192(hell v)463.496 379.2 R .192(ariable name,)-.25 F(or)144 391.2 Q F12.5 E F0(is supplied with a)2.5 E F2(name)2.5 E F0 (that is not a function.)2.5 E F1 -.18(re)108 408 S(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A .619(Causes a function to e)144 420 R .619 (xit with the return v)-.15 F .618(alue speci\214ed by)-.25 F F2(n)3.118 E F0 5.618(.I).24 G(f)404.564 420 Q F2(n)3.118 E F0 .618 (is omitted, the return status is)3.118 F 1.335(that of the last command e)144 432 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.335(cuted in the function body).15 F 6.335(.I)-.65 G 3.835(fu)387.48 432 S 1.335(sed outside a function, b)399.645 432 R 1.335 (ut during)-.2 F -.15(exe)144 444 S .794(cution of a script by the).15 F F1(.) 3.294 E F0(\()5.794 E F1(sour)A(ce)-.18 E F0 3.294(\)c)C .794 (ommand, it causes the shell to stop e)309.834 444 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .794 (cuting that script).15 F .277(and return either)144 456 R F2(n)2.777 E F0 .277 (or the e)2.777 F .277(xit status of the last command e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .278(cuted within the script as the e).15 F .278(xit sta-)-.15 F .082 (tus of the script.)144 468 R .082(If used outside a function and not during e) 5.082 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .082(cution of a script by).15 F F1(.)2.582 E F0 2.581 (,t).833 G .081(he return sta-)487.078 468 R(tus is f)144 480 Q(alse.)-.1 E F1 (set)108 496.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255\255abefhkmnptuvxldCHP)A F0 2.5(][)C F1(-o) 243.29 496.8 Q F2(option)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(ar)288.84 496.8 Q(g)-.37 E F0 (...])2.5 E F1144 508.8 Q F0 1.035(Automatically mark v)184 508.8 R 1.036 (ariables which are modi\214ed or created for e)-.25 F 1.036(xport to the en) -.15 F(viron-)-.4 E(ment of subsequent commands.)184 520.8 Q F1144 532.8 Q F0 .721 (Cause the status of terminated background jobs to be reported immediately)184 532.8 R 3.22(,r)-.65 G .72(ather than)499.57 532.8 R(before the ne)184 544.8 Q (xt primary prompt.)-.15 E(\(Also see)5 E F1(notify)2.5 E F0(under)2.5 E F1 (Shell V)2.5 E(ariables)-.92 E F0(abo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F1 144 556.8 Q F0 1.771(Exit immediately if a)184 556.8 R F2(simple-command)4.272 E F0(\(see)4.272 E F3 1.772(SHELL GRAMMAR)4.272 F F0(abo)4.022 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 4.272(\)e).15 G 1.772(xits with a)494.786 556.8 R .643(non\255zero status.)184 568.8 R .643(The shell does not e)5.643 F .642(xit if the command that f)-.15 F .642(ails is part of an)-.1 F F2(until)3.142 E F0(or)3.142 E F2(while)184 580.8 Q F0 .728(loop, part of an)3.228 F F2(if)3.228 E F0 .728(statement, part of a) 3.228 F F1(&&)3.228 E F0(or)3.228 E/F5 10/Symbol SF 1.6663.228 G F0 .728 (list, or if the command')1.562 F 3.228(sr)-.55 G(eturn)519.45 580.8 Q -.25(va) 184 592.8 S(lue is being in).25 E -.15(ve)-.4 G(rted via).15 E F1(!)2.5 E F0(.) A F1144 604.8 Q F0(Disable pathname e)184 604.8 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F1 144 616.8 Q F0 .106 (Locate and remember function commands as functions are de\214ned.)184 616.8 R .106(Function commands)5.106 F(are normally look)184 628.8 Q (ed up when the function is e)-.1 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted.).15 E F1144 640.8 Q F0 .161(All k)184 640.8 R -.15(ey)-.1 G -.1(wo).15 G .161(rd ar).1 F .161(guments are placed in the en)-.18 F .162 (vironment for a command, not just those that)-.4 F(precede the command name.) 184 652.8 Q F1144 664.8 Q F0 .01(Monitor mode.)184 664.8 R .01 (Job control is enabled.)5.01 F .009(This \215ag is on by def)5.009 F .009 (ault for interacti)-.1 F .309 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .009(hells on).15 F .124 (systems that support it \(see)184 676.8 R F3 .124(JOB CONTR)2.624 F(OL)-.27 E F0(abo)2.374 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.624(\). Background).15 F .124 (processes run in a sep-)2.624 F .721 (arate process group and a line containing their e)184 688.8 R .72 (xit status is printed upon their comple-)-.15 F(tion.)184 700.8 Q F1144 712.8 Q F0 .652(Read commands b)184 712.8 R .652(ut do not e)-.2 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .652(cute them.).15 F .653(This may be used to check a shell script for)5.652 F(syntax errors.)184 724.8 Q(This is ignored for interacti)5 E .3 -.15(ve s) -.25 H(hells.).15 E 186.79(GNU 1994)72 768 R(Dec 6)2.5 E(31)530 768 Q EP %%Page: 32 32 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\))-.35 E /F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF144 84 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(option-name)2.5 E F0(The)184 96 Q F2(option-name)2.5 E F0(can be one of the follo)2.5 E(wing:) -.25 E F1(allexport)184 108 Q F0(Same as)224 120 Q F12.5 E F0(.)A F1 (braceexpand)184 132 Q F0 .313(The shell performs brace e)224 144 R .313 (xpansion \(see)-.15 F F1 .313(Brace Expansion)2.813 F F0(abo)2.813 E -.15(ve) -.15 G 2.812(\). This).15 F .312(is on)2.812 F(by def)224 156 Q(ault.)-.1 E F1 (emacs)184 168 Q F0 .089(Use an emacs-style command line editing interf)224 168 R 2.589(ace. This)-.1 F .089(is enabled by def)2.589 F(ault)-.1 E .129 (when the shell is interacti)224 180 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.628(,u).15 G .128 (nless the shell is started with the)345.894 180 R F1(\255nolineediting)2.628 E F0(option.)224 192 Q F1(err)184 204 Q(exit)-.18 E F0(Same as)224 204 Q F1 2.5 E F0(.)A F1(histexpand)184 216 Q F0(Same as)224 228 Q F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(ignor)184 240 Q(eeof)-.18 E F0 1.023(The ef)224 252 R 1.024 (fect is as if the shell command `IGNOREEOF=10' had been e)-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E(\(see)224 264 Q F1(Shell V)2.5 E(ariables)-.92 E F0(abo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F1(interacti)184 276 Q -.1(ve)-.1 G(\255comments).1 E F0(Allo)224 288 Q 2.521(waw)-.25 G .021(ord be)265.352 288 R .021(ginning with) -.15 F F1(#)2.521 E F0 .021(to cause that w)2.521 F .02 (ord and all remaining characters)-.1 F (on that line to be ignored in an interacti)224 300 Q .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H (hell \(see).15 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(COMMENTS)2.5 E F0(abo)2.25 E -.15(ve) -.15 G(\).).15 E F1(monitor)184 312 Q F0(Same as)5.56 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1 (noclob)184 324 Q(ber)-.1 E F0(Same as)224 336 Q F12.5 E F0(.)A F1 (noexec)184 348 Q F0(Same as)224 348 Q F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(noglob)184 360 Q F0(Same as)224 360 Q F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(nohash)184 372 Q F0(Same as)9.43 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(notify)184 384 Q F0(Same as)224 384 Q F12.5 E F0 (.)A F1(nounset)184 396 Q F0(Same as)6.66 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(ph)184 408 Q(ysical)-.15 E F0(Same as)5.14 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(posix)184 420 Q F0 2.243(Change the beha)224 420 R 2.244(vior of bash where the def)-.2 F 2.244 (ault operation dif)-.1 F 2.244(fers from the)-.25 F (Posix 1003.2 standard to match the standard.)224 432 Q F1(pri)184 444 Q (vileged)-.1 E F0(Same as)224 456 Q F12.5 E F0(.)A F1 -.1(ve)184 468 S (rbose).1 E F0(Same as)7.33 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(vi)184 480 Q F0 (Use a vi-style command line editing interf)224 480 Q(ace.)-.1 E F1(xtrace)184 492 Q F0(Same as)224 492 Q F12.5 E F0(.)A(If no)184 504 Q F2(option-name) 2.5 E F0(is supplied, the v)2.5 E(alues of the current options are printed.) -.25 E F1144 516 Q F0 -.45(Tu)184 516 S .522(rn on).45 F F2(privile)3.022 E -.1(ge)-.4 G(d).1 E F0 3.022(mode. In)3.022 F .521(this mode, the)3.022 F F1 ($ENV)3.021 E F0 .521(\214le is not processed, and shell func-)3.021 F .26 (tions are not inherited from the en)184 528 R 2.76(vironment. This)-.4 F .26 (is enabled automatically on startup if)2.76 F .482(the ef)184 540 R(fecti)-.25 E .782 -.15(ve u)-.25 H .482 (ser \(group\) id is not equal to the real user \(group\) id.).15 F -.45(Tu) 5.482 G .481(rning this option).45 F(of)184 552 Q 2.5(fc)-.25 G(auses the ef) 202.35 552 Q(fecti)-.25 E .3 -.15(ve u)-.25 H (ser and group ids to be set to the real user and group ids.).15 E F1144 564 Q F0(Exit after reading and e)184 564 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting one command.) .15 E F1144 576 Q F0 -.35(Tr)184 576 S .444(eat unset v).35 F .444 (ariables as an error when performing parameter e)-.25 F 2.944(xpansion. If) -.15 F -.15(ex)2.945 G .445(pansion is).15 F .52(attempted on an unset v)184 588 R .519(ariable, the shell prints an error message, and, if not interacti) -.25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(,).15 E -.15(ex)184 600 S(its with a non\255zero status.) .15 E F1144 612 Q F0(Print shell input lines as the)184 612 Q 2.5(ya)-.15 G(re read.)306.63 612 Q F1144 624 Q F0 1.056(After e)184 624 R 1.056 (xpanding each)-.15 F F2(simple-command)3.556 E F0(,).77 E F1(bash)3.556 E F0 1.056(displays the e)3.556 F 1.056(xpanded v)-.15 F 1.056(alue of)-.25 F F3 (PS4)3.556 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F0(fol-)3.307 E(lo)184 636 Q (wed by the command and its e)-.25 E(xpanded ar)-.15 E(guments.)-.18 E F1 144 648 Q F0(Sa)184 648 Q 1.399 -.15(ve a)-.2 H 1.099 (nd restore the binding of).15 F F2(name)3.598 E F0 1.098(in a)3.598 F F1 -.25 (fo)3.598 G(r).25 E F2(name)3.598 E F0([in)3.598 E F1 -.1(wo)3.598 G(rd).1 E F0 3.598(]c)C 1.098(ommand \(see)451.689 648 R F3(SHELL)3.598 E(GRAMMAR)184 660 Q F0(abo)2.25 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F1144 672 Q F0 1.68 (Disable the hashing of commands that are look)184 672 R 1.68(ed up for e)-.1 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 4.18(cution. Normally).15 F 4.18(,c)-.65 G(om-)523.89 672 Q 1.276(mands are remembered in a hash table, and once found, do not ha)184 684 R 1.575 -.15(ve t)-.2 H 3.775(ob).15 G 3.775(el)490.89 684 S(ook)501.885 684 Q 1.275(ed up)-.1 F(ag)184 696 Q(ain.)-.05 E F1144 708 Q F0 .811(The ef)184 708 R .811(fect is as if the shell command `noclobber=' had been e)-.25 F -.15 (xe)-.15 G .812(cuted \(see).15 F F1 .812(Shell V)3.312 F(ari-)-.92 E(ables)184 720 Q F0(abo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E 186.79(GNU 1994)72 768 R(Dec 6)2.5 E(32)530 768 Q EP %%Page: 33 33 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\))-.35 E /F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF144 84 Q F0(Enable)184 84 Q F1(!)3.13 E F0 .63 (style history substitution.)5.63 F .63(This \215ag is on by def)5.63 F .63 (ault when the shell is interac-)-.1 F(ti)184 96 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(.).15 E F1 144 108 Q F0 2.107(If set, do not follo)184 108 R 4.607(ws)-.25 G 2.107 (ymbolic links when performing commands such as)279.834 108 R F1(cd)4.607 E F0 (which)4.607 E(change the current directory)184 120 Q 5(.T)-.65 G(he ph)309.42 120 Q(ysical directory is used instead.)-.05 E F1144 132 Q F0 .05 (If no ar)184 132 R .05(guments follo)-.18 F 2.55(wt)-.25 G .05 (his \215ag, then the positional parameters are unset.)280.98 132 R .05 (Otherwise, the)5.05 F(positional parameters are set to the)184 144 Q/F2 10 /Times-Italic@0 SF(ar)2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0(s, e)A -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5 (fs)371.81 144 S(ome of them be)381.53 144 Q(gin with a)-.15 E F12.5 E F0 (.)A F1144 156 Q F0 1.944(Signal the end of options, cause all remaining) 184 156 R F2(ar)4.444 E(g)-.37 E F0 4.444(st)C 4.444(ob)409.446 156 S 4.445(ea) 423.89 156 S 1.945(ssigned to the positional)437.215 156 R 3.446 (parameters. The)184 168 R F13.446 E F0(and)3.446 E F13.446 E F0 .945(options are turned of)3.446 F 3.445(f. If)-.25 F .945(there are no)3.445 F F2(ar)3.445 E(g)-.37 E F0 .945(s, the positional)B (parameters remain unchanged.)184 180 Q .316(The \215ags are of)144 196.8 R 2.816(fb)-.25 G 2.816(yd)218.324 196.8 S(ef)231.14 196.8 Q .317 (ault unless otherwise noted.)-.1 F .317 (Using + rather than \255 causes these \215ags to be)5.317 F .199(turned of)144 208.8 R 2.699(f. The)-.25 F .199 (\215ags can also be speci\214ed as options to an in)2.699 F -.2(vo)-.4 G .199 (cation of the shell.).2 F .198(The current set)5.199 F .642 (of \215ags may be found in)144 220.8 R F1<24ad>3.142 E F0 5.642(.A)C .642 (fter the option ar)273.904 220.8 R .643(guments are processed, the remaining) -.18 F F2 3.143(na)3.143 G -.37(rg)512.237 220.8 S F0 3.143(sa).37 G(re)532.23 220.8 Q .775(treated as v)144 232.8 R .775 (alues for the positional parameters and are assigned, in order)-.25 F 3.275 (,t)-.4 G(o)448.69 232.8 Q F1($1)3.275 E F0(,)A F1($2)3.275 E F0(,)A F1 3.275 (... $)3.275 F F2(n)A F0 5.775(.I)C 3.275(fn)523.395 232.8 S(o)535 232.8 Q .308 (options or)144 244.8 R F2(ar)2.808 E(g)-.37 E F0 2.808(sa)C .308 (re supplied, all shell v)212.054 244.8 R .308(ariables are printed.)-.25 F .308(The return status is al)5.308 F -.1(wa)-.1 G .309(ys true unless).1 F (an ille)144 256.8 Q -.05(ga)-.15 G 2.5(lo).05 G(ption is encountered.)188.24 256.8 Q F1(shift)108 273.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A .429 (The positional parameters from)144 285.6 R F2(n)2.929 E F0 .429 (+1 ... are renamed to)B F1 .429($1 ....)2.929 F F0 -.15(Pa)5.428 G .428 (rameters represented by the num-).15 F(bers)144 297.6 Q F1($#)3.433 E F0(do) 3.433 E .933(wn to)-.25 F F1($#)3.433 E F0A F2(n)A F0 .933(+1 are unset.)B (If)5.933 E F2(n)3.433 E F0 .933(is 0, no parameters are changed.)3.433 F(If) 5.934 E F2(n)3.434 E F0 .934(is not gi)3.434 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .934(n, it is).15 F .027(assumed to be 1.)144 309.6 R F2(n)5.027 E F0 .026(must be a non-ne)2.526 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .326 -.15(ve n)-.25 H .026 (umber less than or equal to).15 F F1($#)2.526 E F0 5.026(.I)C(f)454.89 309.6 Q F2(n)2.526 E F0 .026(is greater than)2.526 F F1($#)2.526 E F0(,)A .029 (the positional parameters are not changed.)144 321.6 R .029 (The return status is greater than 0 if)5.029 F F2(n)2.53 E F0 .03 (is greater than)2.53 F F1($#)2.53 E F0(or less than 0; otherwise 0.)144 333.6 Q F1(suspend)108 350.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F1A F0(])A .493(Suspend the e)144 362.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .493(cution of this shell until it recei).15 F -.15(ve) -.25 G 2.992(sa).15 G/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIGCONT)A F0 2.992(signal. The)2.742 F F12.992 E F0 .492(option says not to)2.992 F .758 (complain if this is a login shell; just suspend an)144 374.4 R(yw)-.15 E(ay) -.1 E 5.758(.T)-.65 G .759(he return status is 0 unless the shell is a)375.68 374.4 R(login shell and)144 386.4 Q F12.5 E F0 (is not supplied, or if job control is not enabled.)2.5 E F1(test)108 403.2 Q F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F1([)108 415.2 Q F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F1(])2.5 E F0 .878(Return a status of 0 \(true\) or 1 \(f)6.77 F .877 (alse\) depending on the e)-.1 F -.25(va)-.25 G .877 (luation of the conditional e).25 F(xpression)-.15 E F2 -.2(ex)144 427.2 S(pr) .2 E F0 5.007(.E).73 G .007(xpressions may be unary or binary)175.917 427.2 R 5.007(.U)-.65 G .007(nary e)328.059 427.2 R .008 (xpressions are often used to e)-.15 F .008(xamine the status)-.15 F .204 (of a \214le.)144 439.2 R .203 (There are string operators and numeric comparison operators as well.)5.204 F .203(Each operator and)5.203 F 1.591(operand must be a separate ar)144 451.2 R 4.091(gument. If)-.18 F F2(\214le)4.091 E F0 1.591(is of the form /de)4.091 F (v/fd/)-.25 E F2(n)A F0 4.091(,t)C 1.591(hen \214le descriptor)444.753 451.2 R F2(n)4.092 E F0(is)4.092 E(check)144 463.2 Q(ed.)-.1 E F1144 475.2 Q F2 (\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)180 475.2 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and is block special.).15 E F1144 487.2 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35 (Tr)180 487.2 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G (ists and is character special.).15 E F1144 499.2 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)180 499.2 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G (ists and is a directory).15 E(.)-.65 E F1144 511.2 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)180 511.2 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists.).15 E F1 144 523.2 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)180 523.2 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le) 2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and is a re).15 E(gular \214le.)-.15 E F1144 535.2 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)180 535.2 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and is set-group-id.).15 E F1144 547.2 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)180 547.2 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0(has its `)2.5 E(`stick) -.74 E(y')-.15 E 2.5('b)-.74 G(it set.)295.22 547.2 Q F1144 559.2 Q F2 (\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)8.91 G(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G (ists and is a symbolic link.).15 E F1144 571.2 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35 (Tr)180 571.2 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G (ists and is a named pipe.).15 E F1144 583.2 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35 (Tr)180 583.2 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G (ists and is readable.).15 E F1144 595.2 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)180 595.2 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G (ists and has a size greater than zero.).15 E F1144 607.2 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)180 607.2 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G (ists and is a sock).15 E(et.)-.1 E F1144 619.2 Q F2(fd)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr) 180 619.2 S(ue if).35 E F2(fd)2.5 E F0(is opened on a terminal.)2.5 E F1 144 631.2 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)180 631.2 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and its set-user).15 E(-id bit is set.)-.2 E F1144 643.2 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)8.36 G(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15 (ex)2.5 G(ists and is writable.).15 E F1144 655.2 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)180 655.2 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and is e) .15 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cutable.).15 E F1144 667.2 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35 (Tr)7.8 G(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and is o).15 E (wned by the ef)-.25 E(fecti)-.25 E .3 -.15(ve u)-.25 H(ser id.).15 E F1 144 679.2 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)7.8 G(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and is o).15 E(wned by the ef)-.25 E(fecti)-.25 E .3 -.15 (ve g)-.25 H(roup id.).15 E F2(\214le1)144 691.2 Q F02.5 E F1(nt)A F2 (\214le2)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)180 703.2 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le1)2.5 E F0(is ne)2.5 E(wer \(according to modi\214cation date\) than)-.25 E F2(\214le2)2.5 E F0(.)A 186.79(GNU 1994)72 768 R(Dec 6)2.5 E(33)530 768 Q EP %%Page: 34 34 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\))-.35 E /F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(\214le1)144 84 Q F02.5 E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(ot) A F1(\214le2)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)180 96 S(ue if).35 E F1(\214le1)2.5 E F0 (is older than \214le2.)2.5 E F1(\214le1)144 108 Q F2(\255ef)2.5 E F1(\214le) 2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)180 120 S(ue if).35 E F1(\214le1)2.5 E F0(and)2.5 E F1 (\214le2)2.5 E F0(ha)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he same de).15 E (vice and inode numbers.)-.25 E F2144 132 Q F1(string)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr) 180 144 S(ue if the length of).35 E F1(string)2.5 E F0(is zero.)2.5 E F2 144 156 Q F1(string)2.5 E(string)144 168 Q F0 -.35(Tr)180 168 S (ue if the length of).35 E F1(string)2.5 E F0(is non\255zero.)2.5 E F1(string1) 144 180 Q F2(=)2.5 E F1(string2)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)180 192 S (ue if the strings are equal.).35 E F1(string1)144 204 Q F2(!=)2.5 E F1 (string2)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)180 216 S(ue if the strings are not equal.).35 E F2 (!)144 228 Q F1 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F0 -.35(Tr)180 228 S(ue if).35 E F1 -.2 (ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F0(is f)2.5 E(alse.)-.1 E F1 -.2(ex)144 240 S(pr1).2 E F0 2.5 E F2(a)A F1 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0 -.35(Tr)180 252 S(ue if both).35 E F1 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr1).2 E F0(AND)2.5 E F1 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0(are true.)2.5 E F1 -.2(ex)144 264 S(pr1).2 E F02.5 E F2(o)A F1 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0 -.35(Tr)180 276 S(ue if either).35 E F1 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr1).2 E F0(OR)2.5 E F1 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0(is true.)2.5 E F1(ar)144 288 Q(g1)-.37 E F2(OP)2.5 E F1(ar)2.5 E(g2)-.37 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(OP)180 300 Q F0 .035(is one of)2.285 F F2(\255eq)2.535 E F0(,)A F2(\255ne)2.535 E F0(,)A F2(\255lt)2.535 E F0(,)A F2 (\255le)2.535 E F0(,)A F2(\255gt)2.535 E F0 2.535(,o)C(r)332.166 300 Q F2 (\255ge)2.535 E F0 5.035(.T)C .035 (hese arithmetic binary operators return true)366.816 300 R(if)180 312 Q F1(ar) 3.32 E(g1)-.37 E F0 .82(is equal, not-equal, less-than, less-than-or)3.32 F .82 (-equal, greater)-.2 F .82(-than, or greater)-.2 F(-than-or)-.2 E(-)-.2 E .501 (equal than)180 324 R F1(ar)3.001 E(g2)-.37 E F0 3.001(,r)C(especti)252.233 324 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E(.)-.65 E F1(Ar)5.501 E(g1)-.37 E F0(and)3.001 E F1 (ar)3.001 E(g2)-.37 E F0 .501(may be positi)3.001 F .801 -.15(ve i)-.25 H(nte) .15 E .5(gers, ne)-.15 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .8 -.15(ve i)-.25 H(nte).15 E (gers,)-.15 E(or the special e)180 336 Q(xpression)-.15 E F22.5 E F1 (string)2.5 E F0 2.5(,w)C(hich e)327.48 336 Q -.25(va)-.25 G (luates to the length of).25 E F1(string)2.5 E F0(.).22 E F2(times)108 352.8 Q F0 1.229(Print the accumulated user and system times for the shell and for pro\ cesses run from the shell.)144 352.8 R(The return status is 0.)144 364.8 Q F2 (trap)108 381.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F2A F0 2.5(][)C F1(ar)149.8 381.6 Q(g)-.37 E F0 2.5(][)C F1(sigspec)172.48 381.6 Q F0(])A .768(The command)144 393.6 R F1 (ar)3.267 E(g)-.37 E F0 .767(is to be read and e)3.267 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .767 (cuted when the shell recei).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.267(ss).15 G(ignal\(s\)) 434.782 393.6 Q F1(sigspec)3.267 E F0 5.767(.I).31 G(f)509.946 393.6 Q F1(ar) 3.267 E(g)-.37 E F0(is)3.267 E 2.163(absent or)144 405.6 R F24.663 E F0 4.663(,a)C 2.164(ll speci\214ed signals are reset to their original v)204.509 405.6 R 2.164(alues \(the v)-.25 F 2.164(alues the)-.25 F 4.664(yh)-.15 G 2.164 (ad upon)505.896 405.6 R .681(entrance to the shell\).)144 417.6 R(If)5.681 E F1(ar)3.181 E(g)-.37 E F0 .681 (is the null string this signal is ignored by the shell and by the com-)3.181 F 1.173(mands it in)144 429.6 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(s.).1 E F1(sigspec)6.173 E F0 1.174(is either a signal name de\214ned in <)3.673 F F1(signal.h)A F0 1.174(>, or a signal number)B 6.174(.I)-.55 G(f)536.67 429.6 Q F1(sigspec)144 441.6 Q F0(is)2.77 E F3(EXIT)2.77 E F0 .269(\(0\) the command)2.519 F F1(ar) 2.769 E(g)-.37 E F0 .269(is e)2.769 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .269(cuted on e).15 F .269 (xit from the shell.)-.15 F -.4(Wi)5.269 G .269(th no ar).4 F(guments,)-.18 E F2(trap)2.769 E F0 .402 (prints the list of commands associated with each signal number)144 453.6 R 5.403(.T)-.55 G(he)414.112 453.6 Q F22.903 E F0 .403 (option causes the shell to)2.903 F .562 (print a list of signal names and their corresponding numbers.)144 465.6 R .562 (An ar)5.562 F .562(gument of)-.18 F F23.062 E F0 .562(disables option) 3.062 F .563(checking for the rest of the ar)144 477.6 R 3.064 (guments. Signals)-.18 F .564 (ignored upon entry to the shell cannot be trapped)3.064 F 1.145(or reset.)144 489.6 R -.35(Tr)6.145 G 1.145(apped signals are reset to their original v).35 F 1.144(alues in a child process when it is created.)-.25 F (The return status is f)144 501.6 Q (alse if either the trap name or number is in)-.1 E -.25(va)-.4 G (lid; otherwise).25 E F2(trap)2.5 E F0(returns true.)2.5 E F2(type)108 518.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(\255all)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(\255type)157.58 518.4 Q F0(|)2.5 E F2 (\255path)2.5 E F0(])A F1(name)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F1(name)A F0(...])2.5 E -.4(Wi) 144 530.4 S .205(th no options, indicate ho).4 F 2.705(we)-.25 G(ach)272.145 530.4 Q F1(name)2.705 E F0 -.1(wo)2.705 G .205 (uld be interpreted if used as a command name.).1 F .206(If the)5.206 F F2 (\255type)144 542.4 Q F0 .528(\215ag is used,)3.028 F F2(type)3.028 E F0 .528 (prints a phrase which is one of)3.028 F F1(alias)3.028 E F0(,).27 E F1 -.1(ke) 3.028 G(ywor)-.2 E(d)-.37 E F0(,).77 E F1(function)3.028 E F0(,).24 E F1 -.2 (bu)3.027 G(iltin).2 E F0 3.027(,o).24 G(r)512.286 542.4 Q F1(\214le)3.027 E F0 (if)3.027 E F1(name)144 554.4 Q F0 .297(is an alias, shell reserv)2.797 F .297 (ed w)-.15 F .297(ord, function, b)-.1 F .297(uiltin, or disk \214le, respecti) -.2 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 2.797(.I)-.65 G 2.797(ft)472.151 554.4 S .297 (he name is not)481.058 554.4 R 1.098(found, then nothing is printed, and an e) 144 566.4 R 1.097(xit status of f)-.15 F 1.097(alse is returned.)-.1 F 1.097 (If the)6.097 F F2(\255path)3.597 E F0 1.097(\215ag is used,)3.597 F F2(type) 144 578.4 Q F0 1.008(either returns the name of the disk \214le that w)3.508 F 1.008(ould be e)-.1 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.009(cuted if).15 F F1(name)3.509 E F0 1.009(were speci\214ed as a)3.509 F .563(command name, or nothing if)144 590.4 R F2(\255type)3.063 E F0 -.1(wo)3.063 G .563(uld not return).1 F F1(\214le) 3.062 E F0 5.562(.I).18 G 3.062(fac)389.548 590.4 S .562(ommand is hashed,) 407.882 590.4 R F2(\255path)3.062 E F0(prints)3.062 E .683(the hashed v)144 602.4 R .684(alue, not necessarily the \214le that appears \214rst in)-.25 F F3 -.666(PA)3.184 G(TH)-.189 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .684(If the)5.184 F F2 (\255all)3.184 E F0 .684(\215ag is used,)3.184 F F2(type)3.184 E F0 1.136 (prints all of the places that contain an e)144 614.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.135 (cutable named).15 F F1(name)3.635 E F0 6.135(.T).18 G 1.135 (his includes aliases and func-)418.26 614.4 R 1.011(tions, if and only if the) 144 626.4 R F2(\255path)3.511 E F0 1.011(\215ag is not also used.)3.511 F 1.011 (The table of hashed commands is not con-)6.011 F .787(sulted when using)144 638.4 R F2(\255all)3.287 E F0(.)A F2(type)5.787 E F0(accepts)3.287 E F2 3.287 E F0(,)A F23.287 E F0 3.287(,a)C(nd)335.706 638.4 Q F23.286 E F0 .786(in place of)3.286 F F2(\255all)3.286 E F0(,)A F2(\255type)3.286 E F0 3.286(,a)C(nd)466.908 638.4 Q F2(\255path)3.286 E F0 3.286(,r)C(espec-)514.46 638.4 Q(ti)144 650.4 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 6.126(.A)-.65 G 3.626(na)181.576 650.4 S -.18(rg)194.642 650.4 S 1.126(ument of).18 F F23.626 E F0 1.127 (disables option checking for the rest of the ar)3.626 F(guments.)-.18 E F2 (type)6.127 E F0(returns)3.627 E(true if an)144 662.4 Q 2.5(yo)-.15 G 2.5(ft) 192.45 662.4 S(he ar)201.06 662.4 Q(guments are found, f)-.18 E (alse if none are found.)-.1 E F2(ulimit)108 679.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F2 (\255SHacdfmstpnuv)A F0([)2.5 E F1(limit)A F0(]])A F2(Ulimit)144 691.2 Q F0 (pro)3.057 E .557(vides control o)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.057(rt).15 G .557 (he resources a)266.318 691.2 R -.25(va)-.2 G .557 (ilable to the shell and to processes started by it, on).25 F .765 (systems that allo)144 703.2 R 3.265(ws)-.25 G .765(uch control.)226.325 703.2 R .765(The v)5.765 F .765(alue of)-.25 F F1(limit)3.265 E F0 .765 (can be a number in the unit speci\214ed for the)3.265 F .302 (resource, or the v)144 715.2 R(alue)-.25 E F2(unlimited)2.802 E F0 5.302(.T)C (he)288.57 715.2 Q F2(H)2.802 E F0(and)2.802 E F2(S)2.802 E F0 .301 (options specify that the hard or soft limit is set for)2.802 F .004(the gi)144 727.2 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.504(nr).15 G 2.504(esource. A)186.378 727.2 R .004(ha\ rd limit cannot be increased once it is set; a soft limit may be increased up) 2.504 F 186.79(GNU 1994)72 768 R(Dec 6)2.5 E(34)530 768 Q EP %%Page: 35 35 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\))-.35 E .008(to the v)144 84 R .008(alue of the hard limit.)-.25 F .008(If neither) 5.008 F/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(H)2.508 E F0(nor)2.508 E F1(S)2.508 E F0 .008 (is speci\214ed, the command applies to the soft limit.)2.508 F(If)144 96 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(limit)2.757 E F0 .257(is omitted, the current v)2.757 F .257(alue of the soft limit of the resource is printed, unless the)-.25 F F1(H) 2.758 E F0(option)2.758 E .576(is gi)144 108 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.076(n. When).15 F .576(more than one resource is speci\214ed, the limit name and unit is print\ ed before the)3.076 F -.25(va)144 120 S 2.5(lue. Other).25 F (options are interpreted as follo)2.5 E(ws:)-.25 E F1144 132 Q F0 (all current limits are reported)180 132 Q F1144 144 Q F0 (the maximum size of core \214les created)180 144 Q F1144 156 Q F0 (the maximum size of a process')180 156 Q 2.5(sd)-.55 G(ata se)317.76 156 Q (gment)-.15 E F1144 168 Q F0 (the maximum size of \214les created by the shell)180 168 Q F1144 180 Q F0(the maximum resident set size)180 180 Q F1144 192 Q F0 (the maximum stack size)180 192 Q F1144 204 Q F0 (the maximum amount of cpu time in seconds)180 204 Q F1144 216 Q F0 (the pipe size in 512-byte blocks \(this may not be set\))180 216 Q F1144 228 Q F0 .164 (the maximum number of open \214le descriptors \(most systems do not allo)180 228 R 2.664(wt)-.25 G .164(his v)481.708 228 R .164(alue to be)-.25 F (set, only displayed\))180 240 Q F1144 252 Q F0 (the maximum number of processes a)180 252 Q -.25(va)-.2 G (ilable to a single user).25 E F1144 264 Q F0 (The maximum amount of virtual memory a)180 264 Q -.25(va)-.2 G (ilable to the shell).25 E .779(An ar)144 280.8 R .779(gument of)-.18 F F1 3.279 E F0 .778(disables option checking for the rest of the ar)3.279 F 3.278(guments. If)-.18 F F2(limit)3.278 E F0 .778(is gi)3.278 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .778(n, it is).15 F .393(the ne)144 292.8 R 2.893(wv)-.25 G .393 (alue of the speci\214ed resource \(the)183.166 292.8 R F12.893 E F0 .393 (option is display only\).)2.893 F .394(If no option is gi)5.394 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .394(n, then).15 F F1144 304.8 Q F0 .431(is assumed.)2.931 F -1.11(Va) 5.431 G .431(lues are in 1024-byte increments, e)1.11 F .431(xcept for)-.15 F F12.931 E F0 2.93(,w)C .43(hich is in seconds,)421.32 304.8 R F1 2.93 E F0 2.93(,w)C(hich)522.78 304.8 Q .827 (is in units of 512-byte blocks, and)144 316.8 R F13.327 E F0(and)3.327 E F13.327 E F0 3.327(,w)C .827(hich are unscaled v)344.78 316.8 R 3.327 (alues. The)-.25 F .828(return status is 0)3.328 F .622(unless an ille)144 328.8 R -.05(ga)-.15 G 3.122(lo).05 G .622 (ption is encountered, a non-numeric ar)217.606 328.8 R .621(gument other than) -.18 F F1(unlimited)3.121 E F0 .621(is supplied)3.121 F(as)144 340.8 Q F2 (limit)2.5 E F0 2.5(,o)C 2.5(ra)183.17 340.8 S 2.5(ne)193.44 340.8 S (rror occurs while setting a ne)205.38 340.8 Q 2.5(wl)-.25 G(imit.)333.99 340.8 Q F1(umask)108 357.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1A F0 2.5(][)C F2(mode)162.59 357.6 Q F0(])A .229(The user \214le-creation mask is set to)144 369.6 R F2(mode)2.729 E F0 5.229(.I).18 G(f)323.202 369.6 Q F2(mode)2.729 E F0(be)2.729 E .23 (gins with a digit, it is interpreted as an octal)-.15 F .066(number; otherwis\ e it is interpreted as a symbolic mode mask similar to that accepted by)144 381.6 R F2 -.15(ch)2.566 G(mod).15 E F0(\(1\).).77 E(If)144 393.6 Q F2(mode) 2.549 E F0 .049(is omitted, or if the)2.549 F F12.549 E F0 .05 (option is supplied, the current v)2.549 F .05(alue of the mask is printed.) -.25 F(The)5.05 E F12.55 E F0 .475 (option causes the mask to be printed in symbolic form; the def)144 405.6 R .474(ault output is an octal number)-.1 F 5.474(.A)-.55 G(n)535 405.6 Q(ar)144 417.6 Q .124(gument of)-.18 F F12.624 E F0 .124 (disables option checking for the rest of the ar)2.624 F 2.625(guments. The) -.18 F .125(return status is 0 if the)2.625 F(mode w)144 429.6 Q (as successfully changed or if no)-.1 E F2(mode)2.5 E F0(ar)2.5 E(gument w)-.18 E(as supplied, and f)-.1 E(alse otherwise.)-.1 E F1(unalias)108 446.4 Q F0 <5bad>2.5 E F1(a)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)164.2 446.4 Q F0(...])2.5 E(Remo)144 458.4 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G F2(name)2.883 E F0 2.733(sf)C .233 (rom the list of de\214ned aliases.)211.376 458.4 R(If)5.233 E F12.732 E F0 .232(is supplied, all alias de\214nitions are remo)2.732 F -.15(ve)-.15 G (d.).15 E(The return v)144 470.4 Q(alue is true unless a supplied)-.25 E F2 (name)2.5 E F0(is not a de\214ned alias.)2.5 E F1(unset)108 487.2 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F1(fv)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)159.74 487.2 Q F0(...])2.5 E -.15(Fo)144 499.2 S 2.772(re).15 G(ach)164.952 499.2 Q F2(name)2.772 E F0 2.773(,r).18 G(emo) 212.047 499.2 Q .573 -.15(ve t)-.15 H .273(he corresponding v).15 F .273 (ariable or)-.25 F 2.773(,g)-.4 G -2.15 -.25(iv e)369.092 499.2 T 2.773(nt).25 G(he)391.465 499.2 Q F12.773 E F0 .273(option, function.)2.773 F .273 (An ar)5.273 F(gument)-.18 E(of)144 511.2 Q F12.581 E F0 .08 (disables option checking for the rest of the ar)2.581 F 2.58(guments. Note) -.18 F(that)2.58 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -.666(PA)2.58 G(TH)-.189 E/F4 9 /Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F3(IFS)2.33 E F4(,)A F3(PPID)2.33 E F4(,)A F3(PS1)2.33 E F4(,)A F3(PS2)2.33 E F4(,)A F3(UID)144 523.2 Q F4(,)A F0(and)4.073 E F3(EUID) 4.323 E F0 1.823(cannot be unset.)4.073 F 1.823(If an)6.823 F 4.324(yo)-.15 G (f)321.932 523.2 Q F3(RANDOM)4.324 E F4(,)A F3(SECONDS)4.074 E F4(,)A F3 (LINENO)4.074 E F4(,)A F0(or)4.074 E F3(HISTCMD)4.324 E F0(are)4.074 E .329 (unset, the)144 535.2 R 2.829(yl)-.15 G .328(ose their special properties, e) 193.118 535.2 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.828(ni).15 G 2.828(ft)330.438 535.2 S(he) 339.376 535.2 Q 2.828(ya)-.15 G .328(re subsequently reset.)360.934 535.2 R .328(The e)5.328 F .328(xit status is true)-.15 F(unless a)144 547.2 Q F2(name) 2.5 E F0(does not e)2.5 E(xist or is non-unsettable.)-.15 E F1(wait)108 564 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A -.8(Wa)144 576 S 1.06 (it for the speci\214ed process and return its termination status.).8 F F2(n) 6.061 E F0 1.061(may be a process ID or a job)3.561 F .754 (speci\214cation; if a job spec is gi)144 588 R -.15(ve)-.25 G .754 (n, all processes in that job').15 F 3.254(sp)-.55 G .754(ipeline are w)404.018 588 R .753(aited for)-.1 F 5.753(.I)-.55 G(f)502.461 588 Q F2(n)3.253 E F0 .753 (is not)3.253 F(gi)144 600 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G .026(n, all currently acti).15 F .326 -.15(ve c)-.25 H .026(hild processes are w).15 F .026(aited for)-.1 F 2.526(,a)-.4 G .027(nd the return status is zero.)375.924 600 R(If)5.027 E F2 (n)2.527 E F0(speci\214es)2.527 E 2.596(an)144 612 S(on-e)156.036 612 Q .096 (xistant process or job, the return status is 127.)-.15 F .095 (Otherwise, the return status is the e)5.095 F .095(xit status)-.15 F (of the last process or job w)144 624 Q(aited for)-.1 E(.)-.55 E F3(INV)72 640.8 Q(OCA)-.405 E(TION)-.855 E F0(A)108 652.8 Q F2(lo)2.5 E(gin shell)-.1 E F0(is one whose \214rst character of ar)2.5 E(gument zero is a)-.18 E F12.5 E F0 2.5(,o)C 2.5(ro)375.87 652.8 S(ne started with the)386.7 652.8 Q F1 (\255login)2.5 E F0(\215ag.)2.5 E(An)108 669.6 Q F2(inter)2.811 E(active)-.15 E F0 .312(shell is one whose standard input and output are both connected to ter\ minals \(as determined)2.811 F(by)108 681.6 Q F2(isatty)2.571 E F0 .071 (\(3\)\), or one started with the).32 F F12.571 E F0(option.)2.57 E F3 (PS1)5.07 E F0 .07(is set and)2.32 F F1<24ad>2.57 E F0(includes)2.57 E F1(i) 2.57 E F0(if)2.57 E F1(bash)2.57 E F0 .07(is interacti)2.57 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.57(,a).15 G(llo)502.68 681.6 Q .07(wing a)-.25 F (shell script or a startup \214le to test this state.)108 693.6 Q (Login shells:)108 710.4 Q(On login \(subject to the)113 722.4 Q F1(\255nopr) 2.5 E(o\214le)-.18 E F0(option\):)2.5 E 186.79(GNU 1994)72 768 R(Dec 6)2.5 E (35)530 768 Q EP %%Page: 36 36 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\))-.35 E (if)128 84 Q/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(/etc/pr)2.5 E(o\214le)-.45 E F0 -.15(ex) 2.5 G(ists, source it.).15 E(if)128 108 Q F1(~/.bash_pr)2.5 E(o\214le)-.45 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists, source it,).15 E(else if)133 120 Q F1(~/.bash_lo)2.5 E(gin) -.1 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists, source it,).15 E(else if)138 132 Q F1(~/.pr)2.5 E (o\214le)-.45 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists, source it.).15 E(On e)113 156 Q(xit:) -.15 E(if)128 168 Q F1(~/.bash_lo)2.5 E(gout)-.1 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G (ists, source it.).15 E(Non-login interacti)108 192 Q .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H (hells:).15 E(On startup \(subject to the)113 204 Q/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF (\255nor)2.5 E(c)-.18 E F0(and)2.5 E F22.5 E(c\214le)-.18 E F0 (options\):)2.5 E(if)128 216 Q F1(~/.bashr)2.5 E(c)-.37 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G (ists, source it.).15 E(Non-interacti)108 240 Q .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells:).15 E(On startup:)113 252 Q(if the en)128 264 Q(vironment v)-.4 E(ariable)-.25 E F2 (ENV)2.5 E F0(is non-null, e)2.5 E(xpand)-.15 E (it and source the \214le it names, as if the command)128 276 Q (if [ "$ENV" ]; then . $ENV)148 288 Q 2.5<3b8c>-.74 G(had been e)128 300 Q -.15 (xe)-.15 G(cuted, b).15 E(ut do not use)-.2 E F2 -.74(PA)2.5 G(TH)-.21 E F0 (to search)2.5 E(for the pathname.)128 312 Q (When not started in Posix mode, bash)5 E(looks for)128 324 Q F2 -.3(BA)2.5 G (SH_ENV).3 E F0(before)2.5 E F2(ENV)2.5 E F0(.)A 1.022(If Bash is in)108 345.6 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.522(da).1 G(s)191.378 345.6 Q F2(sh)3.522 E F0 3.522(,i)C 3.523(tt)217.042 345.6 S 1.023(ries to mimic the beha)226.125 345.6 R 1.023(vior of)-.2 F F2(sh)3.523 E F0 1.023(as closely as possible.)3.523 F -.15(Fo)6.023 G 3.523(ral).15 G 1.023(ogin shell, it)488.224 345.6 R .506 (attempts to source only)108 357.6 R F1(/etc/pr)3.006 E(o\214le)-.45 E F0(and) 3.006 E F1(~/.pr)3.006 E(o\214le)-.45 E F0 3.006(,i).18 G 3.006(nt)311.642 357.6 S .506(hat order)322.428 357.6 R 5.506(.T)-.55 G(he)372.32 357.6 Q F2 (\255nopr)3.006 E(o\214le)-.18 E F0 .506(option may still be used to)3.006 F (disable this beha)108 369.6 Q(vior)-.2 E 5(.A)-.55 G(shell in)207.24 369.6 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.5(da).1 G(s)267.09 369.6 Q F2(sh)2.5 E F0 (does not attempt to source an)2.5 E 2.5(yo)-.15 G(ther startup \214les.)414.71 369.6 Q(When)108 386.4 Q F2(bash)2.709 E F0 .209(is started in)2.709 F F1 (posix)2.709 E F0 .209(mode, as with the)2.709 F F2(\255posix)2.709 E F0 .21 (command line option, it follo)2.71 F .21(ws the Posix standard)-.25 F .188 (for startup \214les.)108 398.4 R .188(In this mode, the)5.188 F F2(ENV)2.688 E F0 -.25(va)2.688 G .188(riable is e).25 F .188 (xpanded and that \214le sourced; no other startup \214les are)-.15 F(read.)108 410.4 Q/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SEE ALSO)72 427.2 Q F1(Bash F)108 439.2 Q(eatur) -.75 E(es)-.37 E F0 2.5(,B)C(rian F)176.6 439.2 Q(ox and Chet Rame)-.15 E(y) -.15 E F1(The Gnu Readline Libr)108 451.2 Q(ary)-.15 E F0 2.5(,B)C(rian F) 225.35 451.2 Q(ox and Chet Rame)-.15 E(y)-.15 E F1(The Gnu History Libr)108 463.2 Q(ary)-.15 E F0 2.5(,B)C(rian F)219.8 463.2 Q(ox and Chet Rame)-.15 E(y) -.15 E F1 2.5(AS)108 475.2 S(ystem V Compatible Implementation of 4.2)121.61 475.2 Q/F4 9/Times-Italic@0 SF(BSD)A F1 -.25(Jo)2.5 G 2.5(bC).25 G(ontr)335.067 475.2 Q(ol)-.45 E F0 2.5(,D)C -.2(av)371.287 475.2 S(id Lennert).2 E F1 -.8(Po) 108 487.2 S(rtable Oper).8 E(ating System Interface \(POSIX\) P)-.15 E (art 2: Shell and Utilities)-.8 E F0 2.5(,I)C(EEE)404.83 487.2 Q F1(sh)108 499.2 Q F0(\(1\),)A F1(ksh)2.5 E F0(\(1\),)A F1(csh)2.5 E F0(\(1\))A F1(emacs) 108 511.2 Q F0(\(1\),)A F1(vi)2.5 E F0(\(1\))A F1 -.37(re)108 523.2 S(adline) .37 E F0(\(3\))A F3(FILES)72 540 Q F1(/bin/bash)109.666 552 Q F0(The)144 564 Q F2(bash)2.5 E F0 -.15(exe)2.5 G(cutable).15 E F1(/etc/pr)109.666 576 Q(o\214le) -.45 E F0(The systemwide initialization \214le, e)144 588 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G (cuted for login shells).15 E F1(~/.bash_pr)109.666 600 Q(o\214le)-.45 E F0 (The personal initialization \214le, e)144 612 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G (cuted for login shells).15 E F1(~/.bashr)109.666 624 Q(c)-.37 E F0(The indi) 144 636 Q(vidual per)-.25 E(-interacti)-.2 E -.15(ve)-.25 G (-shell startup \214le).15 E F1(~/.inputr)109.666 648 Q(c)-.37 E F0(Indi)144 660 Q(vidual)-.25 E F1 -.37(re)2.5 G(adline).37 E F0(initialization \214le)2.5 E F3 -.45(AU)72 676.8 S(THORS).45 E F0(Brian F)144 688.8 Q(ox, Free Softw)-.15 E(are F)-.1 E(oundation \(primary author\))-.15 E(bfox@ai.MIT)144 700.8 Q(.Edu) -.74 E(Chet Rame)144 717.6 Q 1.3 -.65(y, C)-.15 H(ase W).65 E(estern Reserv)-.8 E 2.5(eU)-.15 G(ni)296.66 717.6 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(rsity).15 E(chet@ins.CWR)144 729.6 Q(U.Edu)-.4 E 186.79(GNU 1994)72 768 R(Dec 6)2.5 E(36)530 768 Q EP %%Page: 37 37 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\))-.35 E /F1 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -.09(BU)72 84 S 2.25(GR).09 G(EPOR)100.161 84 Q(TS)-.36 E F0 .567(If you \214nd a b)108 96 R .568(ug in)-.2 F/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF (bash,)3.068 E F0 .568(you should report it.)3.068 F .568 (But \214rst, you should mak)5.568 F 3.068(es)-.1 G .568 (ure that it really is a b)419.574 96 R .568(ug, and)-.2 F (that it appears in the latest v)108 108 Q(ersion of)-.15 E F2(bash)2.5 E F0 (that you ha)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.2 G(.).15 E 10.783(Once you ha)108 124.8 R 11.083 -.15(ve d)-.2 H 10.782(etermined that a b).15 F 10.782(ug actually e)-.2 F 10.782(xists, mail a b)-.15 F 10.782(ug report to)-.2 F/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF (bash\255maintainer)108 136.8 Q(s)-.1 E F0(@)A F3(pr)A(ep.ai.MIT)-.37 E(.Edu) -.74 E F0 5.168(.I)C 2.668(fy)267.358 136.8 S .168(ou ha)278.356 136.8 R .468 -.15(ve a \214)-.2 H .169(x, you are welcome to mail that as well!).15 F (Suggestions)5.169 E 2.001(and `philosophical' b)108 148.8 R 2.001 (ug reports may be mailed to)-.2 F F3 -.2(bu)4.501 G(g-bash).2 E F0(@)A F3(pr)A (ep.ai.MIT)-.37 E(.Edu)-.74 E F0 2(or posted to the Usenet)4.501 F(ne)108 160.8 Q(wsgroup)-.25 E F2(gnu.bash.b)2.5 E(ug)-.2 E F0(.)A(ALL b)108 177.6 Q (ug reports should include:)-.2 E(The v)108 194.4 Q(ersion number of)-.15 E F2 (bash)2.5 E F0(The hardw)108 206.4 Q(are and operating system)-.1 E (The compiler used to compile)108 218.4 Q 2.5(Ad)108 230.4 S (escription of the b)122.72 230.4 Q(ug beha)-.2 E(viour)-.2 E 2.5(As)108 242.4 S(hort script or `recipe' which e)121.61 242.4 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(rcises the b) .15 E(ug)-.2 E(Comments and b)108 259.2 Q (ug reports concerning this manual page should be directed to)-.2 E F3 -.15(ch) 2.5 G(et@ins.CWR).15 E -.25(U.)-.4 G(Edu).25 E F0(.).25 E F1 -.09(BU)72 276 S (GS).09 E F0(It')108 288 Q 2.5(st)-.55 G(oo big and too slo)126.06 288 Q -.65 (w.)-.25 G 1.868(There are some subtle dif)108 304.8 R 1.868(ferences between) -.25 F F2(bash)4.369 E F0 1.869(and traditional v)4.369 F 1.869(ersions of)-.15 F F2(sh)4.369 E F0 4.369(,m)C 1.869(ostly because of the)455.243 304.8 R F1 (POSIX)108 316.8 Q F0(speci\214cation.)2.25 E (Aliases are confusing in some uses.)108 333.6 Q 186.79(GNU 1994)72 768 R (Dec 6)2.5 E(37)530 768 Q EP %%Trailer end %%EOF bash-1.14.3/documentation/bash.txt 664 436 0 510556 5671116303 15260 0ustar chetwheel BASH(1) USER COMMANDS BASH(1) NAME bash - GNU Bourne-Again SHell SYNOPSIS bash [options] [file] COPYRIGHT Bash is Copyright (C) 1989, 1991 by the Free Software Foun- dation, Inc. DESCRIPTION Bash is an sh-compatible command language interpreter that executes commands read from the standard input or from a file. Bash also incorporates useful features from the _K_o_r_n and _C shells (ksh and csh). Bash is ultimately intended to be a conformant implementa- tion of the IEEE Posix Shell and Tools specification (IEEE Working Group 1003.2). OPTIONS In addition to the single-character shell options documented in the description of the set builtin command, bash inter- prets the following flags when it is invoked: -c _s_t_r_i_n_g If the -c flag is present, then commands are read from _s_t_r_i_n_g. If there are arguments after the _s_t_r_i_n_g, they are assigned to the positional param- eters, starting with $0. -i If the -i flag is present, the shell is _i_n_t_e_r_a_c_- _t_i_v_e. -s If the -s flag is present, or if no arguments remain after option processing, then commands are read from the standard input. This option allows the positional parameters to be set when invoking an interactive shell. - A single - signals the end of options and disables further option processing. Any arguments after the - are treated as filenames and arguments. An argument of -- is equivalent to an argument of -. Bash also interprets a number of multi-character options. These options must appear on the command line before the single-character options to be recognized. -norc Do not read and execute the personal initializa- tion file ~/._b_a_s_h_r_c if the shell is interactive. This option is on by default if the shell is invoked as sh. -noprofile Do not read either the system-wide startup file /_e_t_c/_p_r_o_f_i_l_e or any of the personal initialization GNU Last change: 1994 Dec 6 1 BASH(1) USER COMMANDS BASH(1) files ~/._b_a_s_h__p_r_o_f_i_l_e, ~/._b_a_s_h__l_o_g_i_n, or ~/._p_r_o_- _f_i_l_e. By default, bash normally reads these files when it is invoked as a login shell (see INVOCA- TION below). -rcfile _f_i_l_e Execute commands from _f_i_l_e instead of the standard personal initialization file ~/._b_a_s_h_r_c, if the shell is interactive (see INVOCATION below). -version Show the version number of this instance of bash when starting. -quiet Do not be verbose when starting up (do not show the shell version or any other information). This is the default. -login Make bash act as if it had been invoked as a login shell. -nobraceexpansion Do not perform curly brace expansion (see Brace Expansion below). -nolineediting Do not use the GNU _r_e_a_d_l_i_n_e library to read com- mand lines if interactive. -posix Change the behavior of bash where the default operation differs from the Posix 1003.2 standard to match the standard ARGUMENTS If arguments remain after option processing, and neither the -c nor the -s option has been supplied, the first argument is assumed to be the name of a file containing shell com- mands. If bash is invoked in this fashion, $0 is set to the name of the file, and the positional parameters are set to the remaining arguments. Bash reads and executes commands from this file, then exits. Bash's exit status is the exit status of the last command executed in the script. DEFINITIONS blank A space or tab. word A sequence of characters considered as a single unit by the shell. Also known as a token. name A _w_o_r_d consisting only of alphanumeric characters and underscores, and beginning with an alphabetic character or an underscore. Also referred to as an identifier. metacharacter A character that, when unquoted, separates words. One of the following: | & ; ( ) < > space tab control operator A _t_o_k_e_n that performs a control function. It is one of the following symbols: || & && ; ;; ( ) | GNU Last change: 1994 Dec 6 2 BASH(1) USER COMMANDS BASH(1) RESERVED WORDS _R_e_s_e_r_v_e_d _w_o_r_d_s are words that have a special meaning to the shell. The following words are recognized as reserved when unquoted and either the first word of a simple command (see SHELL GRAMMAR below) or the third word of a case or for com- mand: ! case do done elif else esac fi for function if in select then until while { } SHELL GRAMMAR Simple Commands A _s_i_m_p_l_e _c_o_m_m_a_n_d is a sequence of optional variable assign- ments followed by _b_l_a_n_k-separated words and redirections, and terminated by a _c_o_n_t_r_o_l _o_p_e_r_a_t_o_r. The first word speci- fies the command to be executed. The remaining words are passed as arguments to the invoked command. The return value of a _s_i_m_p_l_e _c_o_m_m_a_n_d is its exit status, or 128+_n if the command is terminated by signal _n. Pipelines A _p_i_p_e_l_i_n_e is a sequence of one or more commands separated by the character |. The format for a pipeline is: [ ! ] _c_o_m_m_a_n_d [ | _c_o_m_m_a_n_d_2 ... ] The standard output of _c_o_m_m_a_n_d is connected to the standard input of _c_o_m_m_a_n_d_2. This connection is performed before any redirections specified by the command (see REDIRECTION below). If the reserved word ! precedes a pipeline, the exit status of that pipeline is the logical NOT of the exit status of the last command. Otherwise, the status of the pipeline is the exit status of the last command. The shell waits for all commands in the pipeline to terminate before returning a value. Each command in a pipeline is executed as a separate process (i.e., in a subshell). Lists A _l_i_s_t is a sequence of one or more pipelines separated by one of the operators ;, &, &&, or ||, and terminated by one of ;, &, or . Of these list operators, && and || have equal precedence, followed by ; and &, which have equal precedence. If a command is terminated by the control operator &, the shell executes the command in the _b_a_c_k_g_r_o_u_n_d in a subshell. GNU Last change: 1994 Dec 6 3 BASH(1) USER COMMANDS BASH(1) The shell does not wait for the command to finish, and the return status is 0. Commands separated by a ; are executed sequentially; the shell waits for each command to terminate in turn. The return status is the exit status of the last command executed. The control operators && and || denote AND lists and OR lists, respectively. An AND list has the form _c_o_m_m_a_n_d && _c_o_m_m_a_n_d_2 _c_o_m_m_a_n_d_2 is executed if, and only if, _c_o_m_m_a_n_d returns an exit status of zero. An OR list has the form _c_o_m_m_a_n_d || _c_o_m_m_a_n_d_2 _c_o_m_m_a_n_d_2 is executed if and only if _c_o_m_m_a_n_d returns a non-zero exit status. The return status of AND and OR lists is the exit status of the last command executed in the list. Compound Commands A _c_o_m_p_o_u_n_d _c_o_m_m_a_n_d is one of the following: (_l_i_s_t) _l_i_s_t is executed in a subshell. Variable assignments and builtin commands that affect the shell's environ- ment do not remain in effect after the command com- pletes. The return status is the exit status of _l_i_s_t. { _l_i_s_t; } _l_i_s_t is simply executed in the current shell environ- ment. This is known as a _g_r_o_u_p _c_o_m_m_a_n_d. The return status is the exit status of _l_i_s_t. for _n_a_m_e [ in _w_o_r_d; ] do _l_i_s_t ; done The list of words following in is expanded, generating a list of items. The variable _n_a_m_e is set to each ele- ment of this list in turn, and _l_i_s_t is executed each time. If the in _w_o_r_d is omitted, the for command exe- cutes _l_i_s_t once for each positional parameter that is set (see PARAMETERS below). select _n_a_m_e [ in _w_o_r_d; ] do _l_i_s_t ; done The list of words following in is expanded, generating a list of items. The set of expanded words is printed on the standard error, each preceded by a number. If the in _w_o_r_d is omitted, the positional parameters are printed (see PARAMETERS below). The PS3 prompt is then displayed and a line read from the standard input. If the line consists of the number corresponding to one of GNU Last change: 1994 Dec 6 4 BASH(1) USER COMMANDS BASH(1) the displayed words, then the value of _n_a_m_e is set to that word. If the line is empty, the words and prompt are displayed again. If EOF is read, the command com- pletes. Any other value read causes _n_a_m_e to be set to null. The line read is saved in the variable REPLY. The _l_i_s_t is executed after each selection until a break or return command is executed. The exit status of select is the exit status of the last command executed in _l_i_s_t, or zero if no commands were executed. case _w_o_r_d in [ _p_a_t_t_e_r_n [ | _p_a_t_t_e_r_n ] ... ) _l_i_s_t ;; ] ... esac A case command first expands _w_o_r_d, and tries to match it against each _p_a_t_t_e_r_n in turn, using the same match- ing rules as for pathname expansion (see Pathname Expansion below). When a match is found, the corresponding _l_i_s_t is executed. After the first match, no subsequent matches are attempted. The exit status is zero if no patterns are matches. Otherwise, it is the exit status of the last command executed in _l_i_s_t. if _l_i_s_t then _l_i_s_t [ elif _l_i_s_t then _l_i_s_t ] ... [ else _l_i_s_t ] fi The if _l_i_s_t is executed. If its exit status is zero, the then _l_i_s_t is executed. Otherwise, each elif _l_i_s_t is executed in turn, and if its exit status is zero, the corresponding then _l_i_s_t is executed and the command completes. Otherwise, the else _l_i_s_t is executed, if present. The exit status is the exit status of the last command executed, or zero if no condition tested true. while _l_i_s_t do _l_i_s_t done until _l_i_s_t do _l_i_s_t done The while command continuously executes the do _l_i_s_t as long as the last command in _l_i_s_t returns an exit status of zero. The until command is identical to the while command, except that the test is negated; the do _l_i_s_t is executed as long as the last command in _l_i_s_t returns a non-zero exit status. The exit status of the while and until commands is the exit status of the last do _l_i_s_t command executed, or zero if none was executed. [ function ] _n_a_m_e () { _l_i_s_t; } This defines a function named _n_a_m_e. The _b_o_d_y of the function is the _l_i_s_t of commands between { and }. This list is executed whenever _n_a_m_e is specified as the name of a simple command. The exit status of a function is the exit status of the last command executed in the body. (See FUNCTIONS below.) COMMENTS In a non-interactive shell, or an interactive shell in which the -o interactive-comments option to the set builtin is GNU Last change: 1994 Dec 6 5 BASH(1) USER COMMANDS BASH(1) enabled, a word beginning with # causes that word and all remaining characters on that line to be ignored. An interactive shell without the -o interactive-comments option enabled does not allow comments. QUOTING _Q_u_o_t_i_n_g is used to remove the special meaning of certain characters or words to the shell. Quoting can be used to disable special treatment for special characters, to prevent reserved words from being recognized as such, and to prevent parameter expansion. Each of the _m_e_t_a_c_h_a_r_a_c_t_e_r_s listed above under DEFINITIONS has special meaning to the shell and must be quoted if they are to represent themselves. There are three quoting mechanisms: the _e_s_c_a_p_e _c_h_a_r_a_c_t_e_r, single quotes, and double quotes. A non-quoted backslash (\) is the _e_s_c_a_p_e _c_h_a_r_a_c_t_e_r. It preserves the literal value of the next character that fol- lows, with the exception of . If a \ pair appears, and the backslash is not quoted, the \ is treated as a line continuation (that is, it is effectively ignored). Enclosing characters in single quotes preserves the literal value of each character within the quotes. A single quote may not occur between single quotes, even when preceded by a backslash. Enclosing characters in double quotes preserves the literal value of all characters within the quotes, with the excep- tion of $, `, and \. The characters $ and ` retain their special meaning within double quotes. The backslash retains its special meaning only when followed by one of the follow- ing characters: $, `, ", \, or . A double quote may be quoted within double quotes by preceding it with a backslash. The special parameters * and @ have special meaning when in double quotes (see PARAMETERS below). PARAMETERS A _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is an entity that stores values, somewhat like a variable in a conventional programming language. It can be a _n_a_m_e, a number, or one of the special characters listed below under Special Parameters. For the shell's purposes, a _v_a_r_i_a_b_l_e is a parameter denoted by a _n_a_m_e. A parameter is set if it has been assigned a value. The null string is a valid value. Once a variable is set, it may be unset only by using the unset builtin command (see GNU Last change: 1994 Dec 6 6 BASH(1) USER COMMANDS BASH(1) SHELL BUILTIN COMMANDS below). A _v_a_r_i_a_b_l_e may be assigned to by a statement of the form _n_a_m_e=[_v_a_l_u_e] If _v_a_l_u_e is not given, the variable is assigned the null string. All _v_a_l_u_e_s undergo tilde expansion, parameter and variable expansion, command substitution, arithmetic expan- sion, and quote removal. If the variable has its -i attri- bute set (see declare below in SHELL BUILTIN COMMANDS) then _v_a_l_u_e is subject to arithmetic expansion even if the $[...] syntax does not appear. Word splitting is not performed, with the exception of "$@" as explained below under Special Parameters. Pathname expansion is not performed. Positional Parameters A _p_o_s_i_t_i_o_n_a_l _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is a parameter denoted by one or more digits, other than the single digit 0. Positional parame- ters are assigned from the shell's arguments when it is invoked, and may be reassigned using the set builtin com- mand. Positional parameters may not be assigned to with assignment statements. The positional parameters are tem- porarily replaced when a shell function is executed (see FUNCTIONS below). When a positional parameter consisting of more than a single digit is expanded, it must be enclosed in braces (see EXPAN- SION below). Special Parameters The shell treats several parameters specially. These param- eters may only be referenced; assignment to them is not allowed. * Expands to the positional parameters, starting from one. When the expansion occurs within double quotes, it expands to a single word with the value of each parameter separated by the first character of the IFS special variable. That is, ``$*'' is equivalent to ``$1_c$2_c...'', where _c is the first character of the value of the IFS variable. If IFS is null or unset, the parameters are separated by spaces. @ Expands to the positional parameters, starting from one. When the expansion occurs within double quotes, each parameter expands as a separate word. That is, `` $@'' is equivalent to ``$1'' ``$2'' ... When there are no positional parameters, ``$@'' and $@ expand to noth- ing (i.e., they are removed). # Expands to the number of positional parameters in decimal. ? Expands to the status of the most recently executed foreground pipeline. GNU Last change: 1994 Dec 6 7 BASH(1) USER COMMANDS BASH(1) - Expands to the current option flags as specified upon invocation, by the set builtin command, or those set by the shell itself (such as the -i flag). $ Expands to the process ID of the shell. In a () sub- shell, it expands to the process ID of the current shell, not the subshell. ! Expands to the process ID of the most recently executed background (asynchronous) command. 0 Expands to the name of the shell or shell script. This is set at shell initialization. If bash is invoked with a file of commands, $0 is set to the name of that file. If bash is started with the -c option, then $0 is set to the first argument after the string to be executed, if one is present. Otherwise, it is set to the pathname used to invoke bash, as given by argument zero. _ Expands to the last argument to the previous command, after expansion. Also set to the full pathname of each command executed and placed in the environment exported to that command. Shell Variables The following variables are set by the shell: PPID The process ID of the shell's parent. PWD The current working directory as set by the cd command. OLDPWD The previous working directory as set by the cd com- mand. REPLY Set to the line of input read by the read builtin com- mand when no arguments are supplied. UID Expands to the user ID of the current user, initialized at shell startup. EUID Expands to the effective user ID of the current user, initialized at shell startup. BASH Expands to the full pathname used to invoke this instance of bash. BASH_VERSION Expands to the version number of this instance of bash. SHLVL Incremented by one each time an instance of bash is started. RANDOM Each time this parameter is referenced, a random integer is generated. The sequence of random numbers may be initialized by assigning a value to RANDOM. If RANDOM is unset, it loses its special properties, even if it is subsequently reset. SECONDS Each time this parameter is referenced, the number of seconds since shell invocation is returned. If a value GNU Last change: 1994 Dec 6 8 BASH(1) USER COMMANDS BASH(1) is assigned to SECONDS, the value returned upon subse- quent references is the number of seconds since the assignment plus the value assigned. If SECONDS is unset, it loses its special properties, even if it is subsequently reset. LINENO Each time this parameter is referenced, the shell sub- stitutes a decimal number representing the current sequential line number (starting with 1) within a script or function. When not in a script or function, the value substituted is not guaranteed to be meaning- ful. When in a function, the value is not the number of the source line that the command appears on (that information has been lost by the time the function is executed), but is an approximation of the number of _s_i_m_p_l_e _c_o_m_m_a_n_d_s executed in the current function. If LINENO is unset, it loses its special properties, even if it is subsequently reset. HISTCMD The history number, or index in the history list, of the current command. If HISTCMD is unset, it loses its special properties, even if it is subsequently reset. OPTARG The value of the last option argument processed by the getopts builtin command (see SHELL BUILTIN COMMANDS below). OPTIND The index of the next argument to be processed by the getopts builtin command (see SHELL BUILTIN COMMANDS below). HOSTTYPE Automatically set to a string that uniquely describes the type of machine on which bash is executing. The default is system-dependent. OSTYPE Automatically set to a string that describes the operating system on which bash is executing. The default is system-dependent. The following variables are used by the shell. In some cases, bash assigns a default value to a variable; these cases are noted below. IFS The _I_n_t_e_r_n_a_l _F_i_e_l_d _S_e_p_a_r_a_t_o_r that is used for word splitting after expansion and to split lines into words with the read builtin command. The default value is ``''. PATH The search path for commands. It is a colon-separated list of directories in which the shell looks for com- mands (see COMMAND EXECUTION below). The default path is system-dependent, and is set by the administrator who installs bash. A common value is GNU Last change: 1994 Dec 6 9 BASH(1) USER COMMANDS BASH(1) ``.:/usr/gnu/bin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/ucb:/bin:/usr/bin:/etc:/usr/etc''. Note that in some circumstances, however, a leading `.' in PATH can be a security hazard. HOME The home directory of the current user; the default argument for the cd builtin command. CDPATH The search path for the cd command. This is a colon- separated list of directories in which the shell looks for destination directories specified by the cd com- mand. A sample value is ``.:~:/usr''. ENV If this parameter is set when bash is executing a shell script, its value is interpreted as a filename contain- ing commands to initialize the shell, as in ._b_a_s_h_r_c. The value of ENV is subjected to parameter expansion, command substitution, and arithmetic expansion before being interpreted as a pathname. PATH is not used to search for the resultant pathname. MAIL If this parameter is set to a filename and the MAILPATH variable is not set, bash informs the user of the arrival of mail in the specified file. MAILCHECK Specifies how often (in seconds) bash checks for mail. The default is 60 seconds. When it is time to check for mail, the shell does so before prompting. If this variable is unset, the shell disables mail checking. MAILPATH A colon-separated list of pathnames to be checked for mail. The message to be printed may be specified by separating the pathname from the message with a `?'. $_ stands for the name of the current mailfile. Exam- ple: MAILPATH='/usr/spool/mail/bfox?"You have mail":~/shell-mail?"$_ has mail!"' Bash supplies a default value for this variable, but the location of the user mail files that it uses is system dependent (e.g., /usr/spool/mail/$USER). MAIL_WARNING If set, and a file that bash is checking for mail has been accessed since the last time it was checked, the message ``The mail in _m_a_i_l_f_i_l_e has been read'' is printed. PS1 The value of this parameter is expanded (see PROMPTING below) and used as the primary prompt string. The default value is ``bash\$ ''. PS2 The value of this parameter is expanded and used as the secondary prompt string. The default is ``> ''. PS3 The value of this parameter is used as the prompt for the _s_e_l_e_c_t command (see SHELL GRAMMAR above). PS4 The value of this parameter is expanded and the value is printed before each command bash displays during an execution trace. The first character of PS4 is repli- cated multiple times, as necessary, to indicate GNU Last change: 1994 Dec 6 10 BASH(1) USER COMMANDS BASH(1) multiple levels of indirection. The default is ``+ ''. HISTSIZE The number of commands to remember in the command his- tory (see HISTORY below). The default value is 500. HISTFILE The name of the file in which command history is saved. (See HISTORY below.) The default value is ~/._b_a_s_h__h_i_s_t_o_r_y. If unset, the command history is not saved when an interactive shell exits. HISTFILESIZE The maximum number of lines contained in the history file. When this variable is assigned a value, the his- tory file is truncated, if necessary, to contain no more than that number of lines. The default value is 500. OPTERR If set to the value 1, bash displays error messages generated by the getopts builtin command (see SHELL BUILTIN COMMANDS below). OPTERR is initialized to 1 each time the shell is invoked or a shell script is executed. PROMPT_COMMAND If set, the value is executed as a command prior to issuing each primary prompt. IGNOREEOF Controls the action of the shell on receipt of an EOF character as the sole input. If set, the value is the number of consecutive EOF characters typed as the first characters on an input line before bash exits. If the variable exists but does not have a numeric value, or has no value, the default value is 10. If it does not exist, EOF signifies the end of input to the shell. This is only in effect for interactive shells. TMOUT If set to a value greater than zero, the value is interpreted as the number of seconds to wait for input after issuing the primary prompt. Bash terminates after waiting for that number of seconds if input does not arrive. FCEDIT The default editor for the fc builtin command. FIGNORE A colon-separated list of suffixes to ignore when per- forming filename completion (see READLINE below). A filename whose suffix matches one of the entries in FIGNORE is excluded from the list of matched filenames. A sample value is ``.o:~''. INPUTRC The filename for the readline startup file, overriding the default of ~/._i_n_p_u_t_r_c (see READLINE below). notify If set, bash reports terminated background jobs GNU Last change: 1994 Dec 6 11 BASH(1) USER COMMANDS BASH(1) immediately, rather than waiting until before printing the next primary prompt (see also the -b option to the set builtin command). history_control HISTCONTROL If set to a value of _i_g_n_o_r_e_s_p_a_c_e, lines which begin with a space character are not entered on the history list. If set to a value of _i_g_n_o_r_e_d_u_p_s, lines matching the last history line are not entered. A value of _i_g_n_o_r_e_b_o_t_h combines the two options. If unset, or if set to any other value than those above, all lines read by the parser are saved on the history list. command_oriented_history If set, bash attempts to save all lines of a multiple-line command in the same history entry. This allows easy re-editing of multi-line commands. glob_dot_filenames If set, bash includes filenames beginning with a `.' in the results of pathname expansion. allow_null_glob_expansion If set, bash allows pathname patterns which match no files (see Pathname Expansion below) to expand to a null string, rather than themselves. histchars The two or three characters which control history expansion and tokenization (see HISTORY EXPANSION below). The first character is the _h_i_s_t_o_r_y _e_x_p_a_n_s_i_o_n _c_h_a_r_a_c_t_e_r, that is, the character which signals the start of a history expansion, normally `!'. The second character is the _q_u_i_c_k _s_u_b_s_t_i_t_u_t_i_o_n character, which is used as shorthand for re-running the previous command entered, substituting one string for another in the command. The default is `^'. The optional third char- acter is the character which signifies that the remainder of the line is a comment, when found as the first character of a word, normally `#'. The history comment character causes history substitution to be skipped for the remaining words on the line. It does not necessarily cause the shell parser to treat the rest of the line as a comment. nolinks If set, the shell does not follow symbolic links when executing commands that change the current working directory. It uses the physical directory structure instead. By default, bash follows the logical chain of directories when performing commands which change the current directory, such as cd. See also the GNU Last change: 1994 Dec 6 12 BASH(1) USER COMMANDS BASH(1) description of the -P option to the set builtin ( SHELL BUILTIN COMMANDS below). hostname_completion_file HOSTFILE Contains the name of a file in the same format as /_e_t_c/_h_o_s_t_s that should be read when the shell needs to complete a hostname. The file may be changed interac- tively; the next time hostname completion is attempted bash adds the contents of the new file to the already existing database. noclobber If set, bash does not overwrite an existing file with the >, >&, and <> redirection operators. This variable may be overridden when creating output files by using the redirection operator >| instead of > (see also the -C option to the set builtin command). auto_resume This variable controls how the shell interacts with the user and job control. If this variable is set, single word simple commands without redirections are treated as candidates for resumption of an existing stopped job. There is no ambiguity allowed; if there is more than one job beginning with the string typed, the job most recently accessed is selected. The _n_a_m_e of a stopped job, in this context, is the command line used to start it. If set to the value _e_x_a_c_t, the string supplied must match the name of a stopped job exactly; if set to _s_u_b_s_t_r_i_n_g, the string supplied needs to match a substring of the name of a stopped job. The _s_u_b_- _s_t_r_i_n_g value provides functionality analogous to the %? job id (see JOB CONTROL below). If set to any other value, the supplied string must be a prefix of a stopped job's name; this provides functionality analo- gous to the % job id. no_exit_on_failed_exec If this variable exists, a non-interactive shell will not exit if it cannot execute the file specified in the exec builtin command. An interactive shell does not exit if exec fails. cdable_vars If this is set, an argument to the cd builtin command that is not a directory is assumed to be the name of a variable whose value is the directory to change to. EXPANSION Expansion is performed on the command line after it has been split into words. There are seven kinds of expansion per- formed: _b_r_a_c_e _e_x_p_a_n_s_i_o_n, _t_i_l_d_e _e_x_p_a_n_s_i_o_n, _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r _a_n_d GNU Last change: 1994 Dec 6 13 BASH(1) USER COMMANDS BASH(1) _v_a_r_i_a_b_l_e _e_x_p_a_n_s_i_o_n, _c_o_m_m_a_n_d _s_u_b_s_t_i_t_u_t_i_o_n, _a_r_i_t_h_m_e_t_i_c _e_x_p_a_n_- _s_i_o_n, _w_o_r_d _s_p_l_i_t_t_i_n_g, and _p_a_t_h_n_a_m_e _e_x_p_a_n_s_i_o_n. The order of expansions is: brace expansion, tilde expan- sion, parameter, variable, command, and arithmetic substitu- tion (done in a left-to-right fashion), word splitting, and pathname expansion. On systems that can support it, there is an additional expansion available: _p_r_o_c_e_s_s _s_u_b_s_t_i_t_u_t_i_o_n. Only brace expansion, word splitting, and pathname expansion can change the number of words of the expansion; other expansions expand a single word to a single word. The sin- gle exception to this is the expansion of ``$@'' as explained above (see PARAMETERS). Brace Expansion _B_r_a_c_e _e_x_p_a_n_s_i_o_n is a mechanism by which arbitrary strings may be generated. This mechanism is similar to _p_a_t_h_n_a_m_e _e_x_p_a_n_s_i_o_n, but the filenames generated need not exist. Pat- terns to be brace expanded take the form of an optional _p_r_e_a_m_b_l_e, followed by a series of comma-separated strings between a pair of braces, followed by an optional _p_o_s_t_a_m_b_l_e. The preamble is prepended to each string contained within the braces, and the postamble is then appended to each resulting string, expanding left to right. Brace expansions may be nested. The results of each expanded string are not sorted; left to right order is preserved. For example, a{d,c,b}e expands into `ade ace abe'. Brace expansion is performed before any other expansions, and any characters special to other expansions are preserved in the result. It is strictly textual. Bash does not apply any syntactic interpretation to the context of the expansion or the text between the braces. A correctly-formed brace expansion must contain unquoted opening and closing braces, and at least one unquoted comma. Any incorrectly formed brace expansion is left unchanged. This construct is typically used as shorthand when the com- mon prefix of the strings to be generated is longer than in the above example: mkdir /usr/local/src/bash/{old,new,dist,bugs} or chown root /usr/{ucb/{ex,edit},lib/{ex?.?*,how_ex}} GNU Last change: 1994 Dec 6 14 BASH(1) USER COMMANDS BASH(1) Brace expansion introduces a slight incompatibility with traditional versions of sh, the Bourne shell. sh does not treat opening or closing braces specially when they appear as part of a word, and preserves them in the output. Bash removes braces from words as a consequence of brace expan- sion. For example, a word entered to sh as _f_i_l_e{_1,_2} appears identically in the output. The same word is output as _f_i_l_e_1 _f_i_l_e_2 after expansion by bash. If strict compati- bility with sh is desired, start bash with the -nobraceex- pansion flag (see OPTIONS above) or disable brace expansion with the +o braceexpand option to the set command (see SHELL BUILTIN COMMANDS below). Tilde Expansion If a word begins with a tilde character (`~'), all of the characters preceding the first slash (or all characters, if there is no slash) are treated as a possible _l_o_g_i_n _n_a_m_e. If this _l_o_g_i_n _n_a_m_e is the null string, the tilde is replaced with the value of the parameter HOME. If HOME is unset, the home directory of the user executing the shell is substi- tuted instead. If a `+' follows the tilde, the value of PWD replaces the tilde and `+'. If a `-' follows, the value of OLDPWD is substituted. If the value following the tilde is a valid _l_o_g_i_n _n_a_m_e, the tilde and _l_o_g_i_n _n_a_m_e are replaced with the home directory associated with that name. If the name is invalid, or the tilde expansion fails, the word is unchanged. Each variable assignment is checked for unquoted instances of tildes following a : or =. In these cases, tilde substi- tution is also performed. Consequently, one may use path- names with tildes in assignments to PATH, MAILPATH, and CDPATH, and the shell assigns the expanded value. Parameter Expansion The `$' character introduces parameter expansion, command substitution, or arithmetic expansion. The parameter name or symbol to be expanded may be enclosed in braces, which are optional but serve to protect the variable to be expanded from characters immediately following it which could be interpreted as part of the name. ${_p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r} The value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is substituted. The braces are required when _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is a positional parameter with more than one digit, or when _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is followed by a character which is not to be interpreted as part of its name. GNU Last change: 1994 Dec 6 15 BASH(1) USER COMMANDS BASH(1) In each of the cases below, _w_o_r_d is subject to tilde expan- sion, parameter expansion, command substitution, and arith- metic expansion. Bash tests for a parameter that is unset or null; omitting the colon results in a test only for a parameter that is unset. ${_p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r:-_w_o_r_d} Use Default Values. If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is unset or null, the expansion of _w_o_r_d is substituted. Otherwise, the value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is substituted. ${_p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r:=_w_o_r_d} Assign Default Values. If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is unset or null, the expansion of _w_o_r_d is assigned to _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r. The value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is then substituted. Positional parameters and special parameters may not be assigned to in this way. ${_p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r:?_w_o_r_d} Display Error if Null or Unset. If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is null or unset, the expansion of _w_o_r_d (or a message to that effect if _w_o_r_d is not present) is written to the stan- dard error and the shell, if it is not interactive, exits. Otherwise, the value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is substi- tuted. ${_p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r:+_w_o_r_d} Use Alternate Value. If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is null or unset, nothing is substituted, otherwise the expansion of _w_o_r_d is substituted. ${#_p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r} The length in characters of the value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is substituted. If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is * or @, the length sub- stituted is the length of * expanded within double quotes. ${_p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r#_w_o_r_d} ${_p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r##_w_o_r_d} The _w_o_r_d is expanded to produce a pattern just as in pathname expansion. If the pattern matches the begin- ning of the value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r, then the expansion is the value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r with the shortest matching pat- tern deleted (the ``#'' case) or the longest matching pattern deleted (the ``##'' case). ${_p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r%_w_o_r_d} ${_p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r%%_w_o_r_d} The _w_o_r_d is expanded to produce a pattern just as in pathname expansion. If the pattern matches a trailing portion of the value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r, then the expansion is the value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r with the shortest matching pattern deleted (the ``%'' case) or the longest match- ing pattern deleted (the ``%%'' case). Command Substitution GNU Last change: 1994 Dec 6 16 BASH(1) USER COMMANDS BASH(1) _C_o_m_m_a_n_d _s_u_b_s_t_i_t_u_t_i_o_n allows the output of a command to replace the command name. There are two forms: $(_c_o_m_m_a_n_d) or `_c_o_m_m_a_n_d` Bash performs the expansion by executing _c_o_m_m_a_n_d and replac- ing the command substitution with the standard output of the command, with any trailing newlines deleted. When the old-style backquote form of substitution is used, backslash retains its literal meaning except when followed by $, `, or \. When using the $(_c_o_m_m_a_n_d) form, all charac- ters between the parentheses make up the command; none are treated specially. Command substitutions may be nested. To nest when using the old form, escape the inner backquotes with backslashes. If the substitution appears within double quotes, word splitting and pathname expansion are not performed on the results. Arithmetic Expansion Arithmetic expansion allows the evaluation of an arithmetic expression and the substitution of the result. There are two formats for arithmetic expansion: $[_e_x_p_r_e_s_s_i_o_n] $((_e_x_p_r_e_s_s_i_o_n)) The _e_x_p_r_e_s_s_i_o_n is treated as if it were within double quotes, but a double quote inside the braces or parentheses is not treated specially. All tokens in the expression undergo parameter expansion, command substitution, and quote removal. Arithmetic substitutions may be nested. The evaluation is performed according to the rules listed below under ARITHMETIC EVALUATION. If _e_x_p_r_e_s_s_i_o_n is invalid, bash prints a message indicating failure and no substitution occurs. Process Substitution _P_r_o_c_e_s_s _s_u_b_s_t_i_t_u_t_i_o_n is supported on systems that support named pipes (_F_I_F_O_s) or the /dev/fd method of naming open files. It takes the form of <(_l_i_s_t) or >(_l_i_s_t). The pro- cess _l_i_s_t is run with its input or output connected to a _F_I_F_O or some file in /dev/fd. The name of this file is passed as an argument to the current command as the result of the expansion. If the >(_l_i_s_t) form is used, writing to GNU Last change: 1994 Dec 6 17 BASH(1) USER COMMANDS BASH(1) the file will provide input for _l_i_s_t. If the <(_l_i_s_t) form is used, the file passed as an argument should be read to obtain the output of _l_i_s_t. On systems that support it, _p_r_o_c_e_s_s _s_u_b_s_t_i_t_u_t_i_o_n is per- formed simultaneously with _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r _a_n_d _v_a_r_i_a_b_l_e _e_x_p_a_n_s_i_o_n, _c_o_m_m_a_n_d _s_u_b_s_t_i_t_u_t_i_o_n, and _a_r_i_t_h_m_e_t_i_c _e_x_p_a_n_s_i_o_n. Word Splitting The shell scans the results of parameter expansion, command substitution, and arithmetic expansion that did not occur within double quotes for _w_o_r_d _s_p_l_i_t_t_i_n_g. The shell treats each character of IFS as a delimiter, and splits the results of the other expansions into words on these characters. If the value of IFS is exactly , the default, then any sequence of IFS characters serves to delimit words. If IFS has a value other than the default, then sequences of the whitespace characters space and tab are ignored at the beginning and end of the word, as long as the whitespace character is in the value of IFS (an IFS whitespace character). Any charac- ter in IFS that is not IFS whitespace, along with any adja- cent IFS whitespace characters, delimits a field. A sequence of IFS whitespace characters is also treated as a delimiter. If the value of IFS is null, no word splitting occurs. IFS cannot be unset. Explicit null arguments ("" or '') are retained. Implicit null arguments, resulting from the expansion of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r_s that have no values, are removed. Note that if no expansion occurs, no splitting is performed. Pathname Expansion After word splitting, unless the -f option has been set, bash scans each _w_o_r_d for the characters *, ?, and [. If one of these characters appears, then the word is regarded as a _p_a_t_t_e_r_n, and replaced with an alphabetically sorted list of pathnames matching the pattern. If no matching pathnames are found, and the shell variable allow_null_glob_expansion is unset, the word is left unchanged. If the variable is set, and no matches are found, the word is removed. When a pattern is used for pathname generation, the character ``.'' at the start of a name or immediately following a slash must be matched explicitly, unless the shell variable glob_dot_filenames is set. The slash character must always be matched explicitly. In other cases, the ``.'' character is not treated specially. The special pattern characters have the following meanings: GNU Last change: 1994 Dec 6 18 BASH(1) USER COMMANDS BASH(1) * Matches any string, including the null string. ? Matches any single character. [...] Matches any one of the enclosed characters. A pair of characters separated by a minus sign denotes a _r_a_n_g_e; any character lexically between those two characters, inclusive, is matched. If the first character follow- ing the [ is a ! or a ^ then any character not enclosed is matched. A - or ] may be matched by including it as the first or last character in the set. Quote Removal After the preceding expansions, all unquoted occurrences of the characters \, `, and " are removed. REDIRECTION Before a command is executed, its input and output may be _r_e_d_i_r_e_c_t_e_d using a special notation interpreted by the shell. Redirection may also be used to open and close files for the current shell execution environment. The following redirection operators may precede or appear anywhere within a _s_i_m_p_l_e _c_o_m_m_a_n_d or may follow a _c_o_m_m_a_n_d. Redirections are processed in the order they appear, from left to right. In the following descriptions, if the file descriptor number is omitted, and the first character of the redirection operator is <, the redirection refers to the standard input (file descriptor 0). If the first character of the redirec- tion operator is >, the redirection refers to the standard output (file descriptor 1). The word that follows the redirection operator in the fol- lowing descriptions is subjected to brace expansion, tilde expansion, parameter expansion, command substitution, arith- metic expansion, quote removal, and pathname expansion. If it expands to more than one word, bash reports an error. Note that the order of redirections is significant. For example, the command ls > dirlist 2>&1 directs both standard output and standard error to the file _d_i_r_l_i_s_t, while the command ls 2>&1 > dirlist directs only the standard output to file _d_i_r_l_i_s_t, because the standard error was duplicated as standard output before the standard output was redirected to _d_i_r_l_i_s_t. GNU Last change: 1994 Dec 6 19 BASH(1) USER COMMANDS BASH(1) Redirecting Input Redirection of input causes the file whose name results from the expansion of _w_o_r_d to be opened for reading on file descriptor _n, or the standard input (file descriptor 0) if _n is not specified. The general format for redirecting input is: [_n]<_w_o_r_d Redirecting Output Redirection of output causes the file whose name results from the expansion of _w_o_r_d to be opened for writing on file descriptor _n, or the standard output (file descriptor 1) if _n is not specified. If the file does not exist it is created; if it does exist it is truncated to zero size. The general format for redirecting output is: [_n]>_w_o_r_d If the redirection operator is >|, then the value of the -C option to the set builtin command is not tested, and file creation is attempted. (See also the description of noclobber under Shell Variables above.) Appending Redirected Output Redirection of output in this fashion causes the file whose name results from the expansion of _w_o_r_d to be opened for appending on file descriptor _n, or the standard output (file descriptor 1) if _n is not specified. If the file does not exist it is created. The general format for appending output is: [_n]>>_w_o_r_d Redirecting Standard Output and Standard Error Bash allows both the standard output (file descriptor 1) and the standard error output (file descriptor 2) to be redirected to the file whose name is the expansion of _w_o_r_d with this construct. There are two formats for redirecting standard output and standard error: &>_w_o_r_d and >&_w_o_r_d Of the two forms, the first is preferred. This is semanti- cally equivalent to GNU Last change: 1994 Dec 6 20 BASH(1) USER COMMANDS BASH(1) >_w_o_r_d 2>&1 Here Documents This type of redirection instructs the shell to read input from the current source until a line containing only _w_o_r_d (with no trailing blanks) is seen. All of the lines read up to that point are then used as the standard input for a com- mand. The format of here-documents is as follows: <<[-]_w_o_r_d _h_e_r_e-_d_o_c_u_m_e_n_t _d_e_l_i_m_i_t_e_r No parameter expansion, command substitution, pathname expansion, or arithmetic expansion is performed on _w_o_r_d. If any characters in _w_o_r_d are quoted, the _d_e_l_i_m_i_t_e_r is the result of quote removal on _w_o_r_d, and the lines in the here- document are not expanded. Otherwise, all lines of the here-document are subjected to parameter expansion, command substitution, and arithmetic expansion. In the latter case, the pair \ is ignored, and \ must be used to quote the characters \, $, and `. If the redirection operator is <<-, then all leading tab characters are stripped from input lines and the line con- taining _d_e_l_i_m_i_t_e_r. This allows here-documents within shell scripts to be indented in a natural fashion. Duplicating File Descriptors The redirection operator [_n]<&_w_o_r_d is used to duplicate input file descriptors. If _w_o_r_d expands to one or more digits, the file descriptor denoted by _n is made to be a copy of that file descriptor. If _w_o_r_d evaluates to -, file descriptor _n is closed. If _n is not specified, the standard input (file descriptor 0) is used. The operator [_n]>&_w_o_r_d is used similarly to duplicate output file descriptors. If _n is not specified, the standard output (file descriptor 1) is used. As a special case, if _n is omitted, and _w_o_r_d does not expand to one or more digits, the standard output and standard error are redirected as described previously. GNU Last change: 1994 Dec 6 21 BASH(1) USER COMMANDS BASH(1) Opening File Descriptors for Reading and Writing The redirection operator [_n]<>_w_o_r_d causes the file whose name is the expansion of _w_o_r_d to be opened for both reading and writing on file descriptor _n, or as the standard input and standard output if _n is not speci- fied. If the file does not exist, it is created. FUNCTIONS A shell function, defined as described above under SHELL GRAMMAR, stores a series of commands for later execution. Functions are executed in the context of the current shell; no new process is created to interpret them (contrast this with the execution of a shell script). When a function is executed, the arguments to the function become the posi- tional parameters during its execution. The special parame- ter # is updated to reflect the change. Positional parame- ter 0 is unchanged. Variables local to the function may be declared with the local builtin command. Ordinarily, variables and their values are shared between the function and its caller. If the builtin command return is executed in a function, the function completes and execution resumes with the next com- mand after the function call. When a function completes, the values of the positional parameters and the special parameter # are restored to the values they had prior to function execution. Function names may be listed with the -f option to the declare or typeset builtin commands. Functions may be exported so that subshells automatically have them defined with the -f option to the export builtin. Functions may be recursive. No limit is imposed on the number of recursive calls. ALIASES The shell maintains a list of _a_l_i_a_s_e_s that may be set and unset with the alias and unalias builtin commands (see SHELL BUILTIN COMMANDS below). The first word of each command, if unquoted, is checked to see if it has an alias. If so, that word is replaced by the text of the alias. The alias name and the replacement text may contain any valid shell input, including the _m_e_t_a_c_h_a_r_a_c_t_e_r_s listed above, with the excep- tion that the alias name may not contain =. The first word of the replacement text is tested for aliases, but a word that is identical to an alias being expanded is not expanded a second time. This means that one may alias ls to ls -F, GNU Last change: 1994 Dec 6 22 BASH(1) USER COMMANDS BASH(1) for instance, and bash does not try to recursively expand the replacement text. If the last character of the alias value is a _b_l_a_n_k, then the next command word following the alias is also checked for alias expansion. Aliases are created and listed with the alias command, and removed with the unalias command. There is no mechanism for using arguments in the replacement text, as in csh. If arguments are needed, a shell function should be used. Aliases are not expanded when the shell is not interactive. The rules concerning the definition and use of aliases are somewhat confusing. Bash always reads at least one complete line of input before executing any of the commands on that line. Aliases are expanded when a command is read, not when it is executed. Therefore, an alias definition appearing on the same line as another command does not take effect until the next line of input is read. This means that the com- mands following the alias definition on that line are not affected by the new alias. This behavior is also an issue when functions are executed. Aliases are expanded when the function definition is read, not when the function is exe- cuted, because a function definition is itself a compound command. As a consequence, aliases defined in a function are not available until after that function is executed. To be safe, always put alias definitions on a separate line, and do not use alias in compound commands. Note that for almost every purpose, aliases are superseded by shell functions. JOB CONTROL _J_o_b _c_o_n_t_r_o_l refers to the ability to selectively stop (_s_u_s_p_e_n_d) the execution of processes and continue (_r_e_s_u_m_e) their execution at a later point. A user typically employs this facility via an interactive interface supplied jointly by the system's terminal driver and bash. The shell associates a _j_o_b with each pipeline. It keeps a table of currently executing jobs, which may be listed with the jobs command. When bash starts a job asynchronously (in the _b_a_c_k_g_r_o_u_n_d), it prints a line that looks like: [1] 25647 indicating that this job is job number 1 and that the pro- cess ID of the last process in the pipeline associated with this job is 25647. All of the processes in a single pipe- line are members of the same job. Bash uses the _j_o_b GNU Last change: 1994 Dec 6 23 BASH(1) USER COMMANDS BASH(1) abstraction as the basis for job control. To facilitate the implementation of the user interface to job control, the system maintains the notion of a _c_u_r_r_e_n_t _t_e_r_m_i_n_a_l _p_r_o_c_e_s_s _g_r_o_u_p _I_D. Members of this process group (processes whose process group ID is equal to the current terminal process group ID) receive keyboard-generated sig- nals such as SIGINT. These processes are said to be in the _f_o_r_e_g_r_o_u_n_d. _B_a_c_k_g_r_o_u_n_d processes are those whose process group ID differs from the terminal's; such processes are immune to keyboard-generated signals. Only foreground processes are allowed to read from or write to the terminal. Background processes which attempt to read from (write to) the terminal are sent a SIGTTIN (SIGTTOU) signal by the ter- minal driver, which, unless caught, suspends the process. If the operating system on which bash is running supports job control, bash allows you to use it. Typing the _s_u_s_p_e_n_d character (typically ^Z, Control-Z) while a process is run- ning causes that process to be stopped and returns you to bash. Typing the _d_e_l_a_y_e_d _s_u_s_p_e_n_d character (typically ^Y, Control-Y) causes the process to be stopped when it attempts to read input from the terminal, and control to be returned to bash. You may then manipulate the state of this job, using the bg command to continue it in the background, the fg command to continue it in the foreground, or the kill command to kill it. A ^Z takes effect immediately, and has the additional side effect of causing pending output and typeahead to be discarded. There are a number of ways to refer to a job in the shell. The character % introduces a job name. Job number _n may be referred to as %n. A job may also be referred to using a prefix of the name used to start it, or using a substring that appears in its command line. For example, %ce refers to a stopped ce job. If a prefix matches more than one job, bash reports an error. Using %?ce, on the other hand, refers to any job containing the string ce in its command line. If the substring matches more than one job, bash reports an error. The symbols %% and %+ refer to the shell's notion of the _c_u_r_r_e_n_t _j_o_b, which is the last job stopped while it was in the foreground. The _p_r_e_v_i_o_u_s _j_o_b may be referenced using %-. In output pertaining to jobs (e.g., the output of the jobs command), the current job is always flagged with a +, and the previous job with a -. Simply naming a job can be used to bring it into the fore- ground: %1 is a synonym for ``fg %1'', bringing job 1 from the background into the foreground. Similarly, ``%1 &'' resumes job 1 in the background, equivalent to ``bg %1''. GNU Last change: 1994 Dec 6 24 BASH(1) USER COMMANDS BASH(1) The shell learns immediately whenever a job changes state. Normally, bash waits until it is about to print a prompt before reporting changes in a job's status so as to not interrupt any other output. If the -b option to the set builtin command is set, bash reports such changes immedi- ately. (See also the description of notify variable under Shell Variables above.) If you attempt to exit bash while jobs are stopped, the shell prints a message warning you. You may then use the jobs command to inspect their status. If you do this, or try to exit again immediately, you are not warned again, and the stopped jobs are terminated. SIGNALS When bash is interactive, it ignores SIGTERM (so that kill 0 does not kill an interactive shell), and SIGINT is caught and handled (so that the wait builtin is interruptible). In all cases, bash ignores SIGQUIT. If job control is in effect, bash ignores SIGTTIN, SIGTTOU, and SIGTSTP. Synchronous jobs started by bash have signals set to the values inherited by the shell from its parent. When job control is not in effect, background jobs (jobs started with &) ignore SIGINT and SIGQUIT. Commands run as a result of command substitution ignore the keyboard-generated job con- trol signals SIGTTIN, SIGTTOU, and SIGTSTP. COMMAND EXECUTION After a command has been split into words, if it results in a simple command and an optional list of arguments, the fol- lowing actions are taken. If the command name contains no slashes, the shell attempts to locate it. If there exists a shell function by that name, that function is invoked as described above in FUNC- TIONS. If the name does not match a function, the shell searches for it in the list of shell builtins. If a match is found, that builtin is invoked. If the name is neither a shell function nor a builtin, and contains no slashes, bash searches each element of the PATH for a directory containing an executable file by that name. If the search is unsuccessful, the shell prints an error message and returns a nonzero exit status. If the search is successful, or if the command name contains one or more slashes, the shell executes the named program. Argument 0 is set to the name given, and the remaining argu- ments to the command are set to the arguments given, if any. GNU Last change: 1994 Dec 6 25 BASH(1) USER COMMANDS BASH(1) If this execution fails because the file is not in execut- able format, and the file is not a directory, it is assumed to be a _s_h_e_l_l _s_c_r_i_p_t, a file containing shell commands. A subshell is spawned to execute it. This subshell reinitial- izes itself, so that the effect is as if a new shell had been invoked to handle the script, with the exception that the locations of commands remembered by the parent (see hash below under SHELL BUILTIN COMMANDS) are retained by the child. If the program is a file beginning with #!, the remainder of the first line specifies an interpreter for the program. The shell executes the specified interpreter on operating systems that do not handle this executable format them- selves. The arguments to the interpreter consist of a sin- gle optional argument following the interpreter name on the first line of the program, followed by the name of the pro- gram, followed by the command arguments, if any. ENVIRONMENT When a program is invoked it is given an array of strings called the _e_n_v_i_r_o_n_m_e_n_t. This is a list of _n_a_m_e-_v_a_l_u_e pairs, of the form _n_a_m_e=_v_a_l_u_e. The shell allows you to manipulate the environment in several ways. On invocation, the shell scans its own environment and creates a parameter for each name found, automatically marking it for _e_x_p_o_r_t to child processes. Executed commands inherit the environment. The export and declare -x commands allow parameters and functions to be added to and deleted from the environment. If the value of a parameter in the environment is modified, the new value becomes part of the environment, replacing the old. The environment inherited by any executed command consists of the shell's initial environment, whose values may be modi- fied in the shell, less any pairs removed by the unset com- mand, plus any additions via the export and declare -x com- mands. The environment for any _s_i_m_p_l_e _c_o_m_m_a_n_d or function may be augmented temporarily by prefixing it with parameter assign- ments, as described above in PARAMETERS. These assignment statements affect only the environment seen by that command. If the -k flag is set (see the set builtin command below), then _a_l_l parameter assignments are placed in the environment for a command, not just those that precede the command name. When bash invokes an external command, the variable _ is set to the full path name of the command and passed to that com- mand in its environment. GNU Last change: 1994 Dec 6 26 BASH(1) USER COMMANDS BASH(1) EXIT STATUS For the purposes of the shell, a command which exits with a zero exit status has succeeded. An exit status of zero indicates success. A non-zero exit status indicates failure. When a command terminates on a fatal signal, bash uses the value of 128+signal as the exit status. If a command is not found, the child process created to exe- cute it returns a status of 127. If a command is found but is not executable, the return status is 126. Bash itself returns the exit status of the last command exe- cuted, unless a syntax error occurs, in which case it exits with a non-zero value. See also the exit builtin command below. PROMPTING When executing interactively, bash displays the primary prompt PS1 when it is ready to read a command, and the secondary prompt PS2 when it needs more input to complete a command. Bash allows these prompt strings to be customized by inserting a number of backslash-escaped special charac- ters that are decoded as follows: \t the current time in HH:MM:SS format \d the date in "Weekday Month Date" format (e.g., "Tue May 26") \n newline \s the name of the shell, the basename of $0 (the portion following the final slash) \w the current working directory \W the basename of the current working directory \u the username of the current user \h the hostname \# the command number of this command \! the history number of this command \$ if the effective UID is 0, a #, otherwise a $ \nnn the character corresponding to the octal number nnn \\ a backslash \[ begin a sequence of non-printing characters, which could be used to embed a terminal control sequence into the prompt \] end a sequence of non-printing characters The command number and the history number are usually dif- ferent: the history number of a command is its position in the history list, which may include commands restored from the history file (see HISTORY below), while the command number is the position in the sequence of commands executed during the current shell session. After the string is decoded, it is expanded via parameter expansion, command substitution, arithmetic expansion, and word splitting. GNU Last change: 1994 Dec 6 27 BASH(1) USER COMMANDS BASH(1) READLINE This is the library that handles reading input when using an interactive shell, unless the -nolineediting option is given. By default, the line editing commands are similar to those of emacs. A vi-style line editing interface is also available. In this section, the emacs-style notation is used to denote keystrokes. Control keys are denoted by C-_k_e_y, e.g., C-n means Control-N. Similarly, _m_e_t_a keys are denoted by M-_k_e_y, so M-x means Meta-X. (On keyboards without a _m_e_t_a key, M-_x means ESC _x, i.e., press the Escape key then the _x key. This makes ESC the _m_e_t_a _p_r_e_f_i_x. The combination M-C-_x means ESC-Control-_x, or press the Escape key then hold the Control key while pressing the _x key.) The default key-bindings may be changed with an ~/._i_n_p_u_t_r_c file. The value of the shell variable INPUTRC, if set, is used instead of ~/._i_n_p_u_t_r_c. Other programs that use this library may add their own commands and bindings. For example, placing M-Control-u: universal-argument or C-Meta-u: universal-argument into the ~/._i_n_p_u_t_r_c would make M-C-u execute the readline command _u_n_i_v_e_r_s_a_l-_a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t. The following symbolic character names are recognized: _R_U_B_O_U_T, _D_E_L, _E_S_C, _L_F_D, _N_E_W_L_I_N_E, _R_E_T, _R_E_T_U_R_N, _S_P_C, _S_P_A_C_E, and _T_A_B. In addition to command names, readline allows keys to be bound to a string that is inserted when the key is pressed (a _m_a_c_r_o). Readline is customized by putting commands in an initializa- tion file. The name of this file is taken from the value of the INPUTRC variable. If that variable is unset, the default is ~/._i_n_p_u_t_r_c. When a program which uses the read- line library starts up, the init file is read, and the key bindings and variables are set. There are only a few basic constructs allowed in the readline init file. Blank lines are ignored. Lines beginning with a # are comments. Lines beginning with a $ indicate conditional constructs. Other lines denote key bindings and variable settings. The syntax for controlling key bindings in the ~/._i_n_p_u_t_r_c file is simple. All that is required is the name of the command or the text of a macro and a key sequence to which it should be bound. The name may be specified in one of two ways: as a symbolic key name, possibly with _M_e_t_a- or _C_o_n_t_r_o_l- prefixes, or as a key sequence. When using the GNU Last change: 1994 Dec 6 28 BASH(1) USER COMMANDS BASH(1) form keyname:_f_u_n_c_t_i_o_n-_n_a_m_e or _m_a_c_r_o, _k_e_y_n_a_m_e is the name of a key spelled out in English. For example: Control-u: universal-argument Meta-Rubout: backward-kill-word Control-o: ">&output" In the above example, _C-_u is bound to the function universal-argument, _M-_D_E_L is bound to the function backward-kill-word, and _C-_o is bound to run the macro expressed on the right hand side (that is, to insert the text >&_o_u_t_p_u_t into the line). In the second form, "keyseq":_f_u_n_c_t_i_o_n-_n_a_m_e or _m_a_c_r_o, keyseq differs from keyname above in that strings denoting an entire key sequence may be specified by placing the sequence within double quotes. Some GNU Emacs style key escapes can be used, as in the following example. "\C-u": universal-argument "\C-x\C-r": re-read-init-file "\e[11~": "Function Key 1" In this example, _C-_u is again bound to the function universal-argument. _C-_x _C-_r is bound to the function re-read-init-file, and _E_S_C [ _1 _1 ~ is bound to insert the text Function Key 1. The full set of escape sequences is \C- control prefix \M- meta prefix \e an escape character \\ backslash " \" literal " \' literal ' When entering the text of a macro, single or double quotes should be used to indicate a macro definition. Unquoted text is assumed to be a function name. Backslash will quote any character in the macro text, including " and '. Bash allows the current readline key bindings to be displayed or modified with the bind builtin command. The editing mode may be switched during interactive use by using the -o option to the set builtin command (see SHELL BUILTIN COMMANDS below). GNU Last change: 1994 Dec 6 29 BASH(1) USER COMMANDS BASH(1) Readline has variables that can be used to further customize its behavior. A variable may be set in the _i_n_p_u_t_r_c file with a statement of the form set _v_a_r_i_a_b_l_e-_n_a_m_e _v_a_l_u_e Except where noted, readline variables can take the values On or Off. The variables and their default values are: horizontal-scroll-mode (Off) When set to On, makes readline use a single line for display, scrolling the input horizontally on a single screen line when it becomes longer than the screen width rather than wrapping to a new line. editing-mode (emacs) Controls whether readline begins with a set of key bindings similar to _e_m_a_c_s or _v_i. editing-mode can be set to either emacs or vi. mark-modified-lines (Off) If set to On, history lines that have been modified are displayed with a preceding asterisk (*). bell-style (audible) Controls what happens when readline wants to ring the terminal bell. If set to none, readline never rings the bell. If set to visible, readline uses a visible bell if one is available. If set to audible, readline attempts to ring the terminal's bell. comment-begin (``#'') The string that is inserted in vi mode when the vi-comment command is executed. meta-flag (Off) If set to On, readline will enable eight-bit input (that is, it will not strip the high bit from the char- acters it reads), regardless of what the terminal claims it can support. convert-meta (On) If set to On, readline will convert characters with the eighth bit set to an ASCII key sequence by stripping the eighth bit and prepending an escape character (in effect, using escape as the _m_e_t_a _p_r_e_f_i_x). output-meta (Off) If set to On, readline will display characters with the eighth bit set directly rather than as a meta-prefixed escape sequence. completion-query-items (100) This determines when the user is queried about viewing the number of possible completions generated by the possible-completions command. It may be set to any integer value greater than or equal to zero. If the number of possible completions is greater than or equal to the value of this variable, the user is asked whether or not he wishes to view them; otherwise they GNU Last change: 1994 Dec 6 30 BASH(1) USER COMMANDS BASH(1) are simply listed on the terminal. keymap (emacs) Set the current readline keymap. The set of legal key- map names is _e_m_a_c_s, _e_m_a_c_s-_s_t_a_n_d_a_r_d, _e_m_a_c_s-_m_e_t_a, _e_m_a_c_s- _c_t_l_x, _v_i, _v_i-_m_o_v_e, _v_i-_c_o_m_m_a_n_d, and _v_i-_i_n_s_e_r_t. _v_i is equivalent to _v_i-_c_o_m_m_a_n_d; _e_m_a_c_s is equivalent to _e_m_a_c_s-_s_t_a_n_d_a_r_d. The default value is _e_m_a_c_s; the value of editing-mode also affects the default keymap. show-all-if-ambiguous (Off) This alters the default behavior of the completion functions. If set to on, words which have more than one possible completion cause the matches to be listed immediately instead of ringing the bell. expand-tilde (Off) If set to on, tilde expansion is performed when read- line attempts word completion. Readline implements a facility similar in spirit to the con- ditional compilation features of the C preprocessor which allows key bindings and variable settings to be performed as the result of tests. There are three parser directives used. $if The $if construct allows bindings to be made based on the editing mode, the terminal being used, or the application using readline. The text of the test extends to the end of the line; no characters are required to isolate it. mode The mode= form of the $if directive is used to test whether readline is in emacs or vi mode. This may be used in conjunction with the set key- map command, for instance, to set bindings in the _e_m_a_c_s-_s_t_a_n_d_a_r_d and _e_m_a_c_s-_c_t_l_x keymaps only if readline is starting out in emacs mode. term The term= form may be used to include terminal- specific key bindings, perhaps to bind the key sequences output by the terminal's function keys. The word on the right side of the = is tested against the full name of the terminal and the por- tion of the terminal name before the first -. This allows _s_u_n to match both _s_u_n and _s_u_n-_c_m_d, for instance. application The application construct is used to include application-specific settings. Each program using the readline library sets the _a_p_p_l_i_c_a_t_i_o_n _n_a_m_e, and an initialization file can test for a particu- lar value. This could be used to bind key sequences to functions useful for a specific GNU Last change: 1994 Dec 6 31 BASH(1) USER COMMANDS BASH(1) program. For instance, the following command adds a key sequence that quotes the current or previous word in Bash: $if Bash # Quote the current or previous word "\C-xq": "\eb\"\ef\"" $endif $endif This command, as you saw in the previous example, ter- minates an $if command. $else Commands in this branch of the $if directive are exe- cuted if the test fails. Readline commands may be given numeric _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t_s, which nor- mally act as a repeat count. Sometimes, however, it is the sign of the argument that is significant. Passing a nega- tive argument to a command that acts in the forward direc- tion (e.g., kill-line) causes that command to act in a back- ward direction. Commands whose behavior with arguments deviates from this are noted. When a command is described as _k_i_l_l_i_n_g text, the text deleted is saved for possible future retrieval (_y_a_n_k_i_n_g). The killed text is saved in a _k_i_l_l-_r_i_n_g. Consecutive kills cause the text to be accumulated into one unit, which can be yanked all at once. Commands which do not kill text separate the chunks of text on the kill-ring. The following is a list of the names of the commands and the default key sequences to which they are bound. Commands for Moving beginning-of-line (C-a) Move to the start of the current line. end-of-line (C-e) Move to the end of the line. forward-char (C-f) Move forward a character. backward-char (C-b) Move back a character. forward-word (M-f) Move forward to the end of the next word. Words are composed of alphanumeric characters (letters and digits). backward-word (M-b) Move back to the start of this, or the previous, word. Words are composed of alphanumeric characters (letters and digits). clear-screen (C-l) GNU Last change: 1994 Dec 6 32 BASH(1) USER COMMANDS BASH(1) Clear the screen leaving the current line at the top of the screen. With an argument, refresh the current line without clearing the screen. redraw-current-line Refresh the current line. By default, this is unbound. Commands for Manipulating the History accept-line (Newline, Return) Accept the line regardless of where the cursor is. If this line is non-empty, add it to the history list according to the state of the HISTCONTROL variable. If the line is a modified history line, then restore the history line to its original state. previous-history (C-p) Fetch the previous command from the history list, mov- ing back in the list. next-history (C-n) Fetch the next command from the history list, moving forward in the list. beginning-of-history (M-<) Move to the first line in the history. end-of-history (M->) Move to the end of the input history, i.e., the line currently being entered. reverse-search-history (C-r) Search backward starting at the current line and moving `up' through the history as necessary. This is an incremental search. forward-search-history (C-s) Search forward starting at the current line and moving `down' through the history as necessary. This is an incremental search. non-incremental-reverse-search-history (M-p) Search backward through the history starting at the current line using a non-incremental search for a string supplied by the user. non-incremental-forward-search-history (M-n) Search forward through the history using a non-incremental search for a string supplied by the user. history-search-forward Search forward through the history for the string of characters between the start of the current line and the current point. This is a non-incremental search. By default, this command is unbound. history-search-backward Search backward through the history for the string of characters between the start of the current line and the current point. This is a non-incremental search. By default, this command is unbound. yank-nth-arg (M-C-y) Insert the first argument to the previous command GNU Last change: 1994 Dec 6 33 BASH(1) USER COMMANDS BASH(1) (usually the second word on the previous line) at point (the current cursor position). With an argument _n, insert the _nth word from the previous command (the words in the previous command begin with word 0). A negative argument inserts the _nth word from the end of the previous command. yank-last-arg (M-., M-_) Insert the last argument to the previous command (the last word on the previous line). With an argument, behave exactly like @code{yank-nth-arg}. shell-expand-line (M-C-e) Expand the line the way the shell does when it reads it. This performs alias and history expansion as well as all of the shell word expansions. See HISTORY EXPANSION below for a description of history expansion. history-expand-line (M-^) Perform history expansion on the current line. See HISTORY EXPANSION below for a description of history expansion. insert-last-argument (M-., M-_) A synonym for yank-last-arg. operate-and-get-next (C-o) Accept the current line for execution and fetch the next line relative to the current line from the history for editing. Any argument is ignored. Commands for Changing Text delete-char (C-d) Delete the character under the cursor. If point is at the beginning of the line, there are no characters in the line, and the last character typed was not C-d, then return EOF. backward-delete-char (Rubout) Delete the character behind the cursor. When given a numeric argument, save the deleted text on the kill-ring. quoted-insert (C-q, C-v) Add the next character that you type to the line verba- tim. This is how to insert characters like C-q, for example. tab-insert (C-v TAB) Insert a tab character. self-insert (a, b, A, 1, !, ...) Insert the character typed. transpose-chars (C-t) Drag the character before point forward over the char- acter at point. Point moves forward as well. If point is at the end of the line, then transpose the two char- acters before point. Negative arguments don't work. transpose-words (M-t) Drag the word behind the cursor past the word in front of the cursor moving the cursor over that word as well. GNU Last change: 1994 Dec 6 34 BASH(1) USER COMMANDS BASH(1) upcase-word (M-u) Uppercase the current (or following) word. With a negative argument, do the previous word, but do not move point. downcase-word (M-l) Lowercase the current (or following) word. With a negative argument, do the previous word, but do not move point. capitalize-word (M-c) Capitalize the current (or following) word. With a negative argument, do the previous word, but do not move point. Killing and Yanking kill-line (C-k) Kill the text from the current cursor position to the end of the line. backward-kill-line (C-x C-Rubout) Kill backward to the beginning of the line. unix-line-discard (C-u) Kill backward from point to the beginning of the line. kill-whole-line Kill all characters on the current line, no matter where the cursor is. By default, this is unbound. kill-word (M-d) Kill from the cursor to the end of the current word, or if between words, to the end of the next word. Word boundaries are the same as those used by forward-word. backward-kill-word (M-Rubout) Kill the word behind the cursor. Word boundaries are the same as those used by backward-word. unix-word-rubout (C-w) Kill the word behind the cursor, using white space as a word boundary. The word boundaries are different from backward-kill-word. delete-horizontal-space Delete all spaces and tabs around point. By default, this is unbound. yank (C-y) Yank the top of the kill ring into the buffer at the cursor. yank-pop (M-y) Rotate the kill-ring, and yank the new top. Only works following yank or yank-pop. Numeric Arguments digit-argument (M-0, M-1, ..., M--) Add this digit to the argument already accumulating, or start a new argument. M-- starts a negative argument. universal-argument Each time this is executed, the argument count is mul- tiplied by four. The argument count is initially one, GNU Last change: 1994 Dec 6 35 BASH(1) USER COMMANDS BASH(1) so executing this function the first time makes the argument count four. By default, this is not bound to a key. Completing complete (TAB) Attempt to perform completion on the text before point. Bash attempts completion treating the text as a vari- able (if the text begins with $), username (if the text begins with ~), hostname (if the text begins with @), or command (including aliases and functions) in turn. If none of these produces a match, filename completion is attempted. possible-completions (M-?) List the possible completions of the text before point. insert-completions Insert all completions of the text before point that would have been generated by possible-completions. By default, this is not bound to a key. complete-filename (M-/) Attempt filename completion on the text before point. possible-filename-completions (C-x /) List the possible completions of the text before point, treating it as a filename. complete-username (M-~) Attempt completion on the text before point, treating it as a username. possible-username-completions (C-x ~) List the possible completions of the text before point, treating it as a username. complete-variable (M-$) Attempt completion on the text before point, treating it as a shell variable. possible-variable-completions (C-x $) List the possible completions of the text before point, treating it as a shell variable. complete-hostname (M-@) Attempt completion on the text before point, treating it as a hostname. possible-hostname-completions (C-x @) List the possible completions of the text before point, treating it as a hostname. complete-command (M-!) Attempt completion on the text before point, treating it as a command name. Command completion attempts to match the text against aliases, reserved words, shell functions, builtins, and finally executable filenames, in that order. possible-command-completions (C-x !) List the possible completions of the text before point, treating it as a command name. dynamic-complete-history (M-TAB) GNU Last change: 1994 Dec 6 36 BASH(1) USER COMMANDS BASH(1) Attempt completion on the text before point, comparing the text against lines from the history list for possi- ble completion matches. complete-into-braces (M-{) Perform filename completion and return the list of pos- sible completions enclosed within braces so the list is available to the shell (see Brace Expansion above). Keyboard Macros start-kbd-macro (C-x () Begin saving the characters typed into the current key- board macro. end-kbd-macro (C-x )) Stop saving the characters typed into the current key- board macro and save the definition. call-last-kbd-macro (C-x e) Re-execute the last keyboard macro defined, by making the characters in the macro appear as if typed at the keyboard. Miscellaneous re-read-init-file (C-x C-r) Read in the contents of your init file, and incorporate any bindings or variable assignments found there. abort (C-g) Abort the current editing command and ring the terminal's bell (subject to the setting of bell-style). do-uppercase-version (M-a, M-b, ...) Run the command that is bound to the corresponding uppercase character. prefix-meta (ESC) Metafy the next character typed. ESC f is equivalent to Meta-f. undo (C-_, C-x C-u) Incremental undo, separately remembered for each line. revert-line (M-r) Undo all changes made to this line. This is like typ- ing the undo command enough times to return the line to its initial state. tilde-expand (M-~) Perform tilde expansion on the current word. dump-functions Print all of the functions and their key bindings to the readline output stream. If a numeric argument is supplied, the output is formatted in such a way that it can be made part of an _i_n_p_u_t_r_c file. display-shell-version (C-x C-v) Display version information about the current instance of bash. emacs-editing-mode (C-e) When in vi editing mode, this causes a switch to emacs editing mode. GNU Last change: 1994 Dec 6 37 BASH(1) USER COMMANDS BASH(1) HISTORY When interactive, the shell provides access to the _c_o_m_m_a_n_d _h_i_s_t_o_r_y, the list of commands previously typed. The text of the last HISTSIZE commands (default 500) is saved in a his- tory list. The shell stores each command in the history list prior to parameter and variable expansion (see EXPAN- SION above) but after history expansion is performed, sub- ject to the values of the shell variables command_oriented_history and HISTCONTROL. On startup, the history is initialized from the file named by the variable HISTFILE (default ~/._b_a_s_h__h_i_s_t_o_r_y). HISTFILE is truncated, if necessary, to contain no more than HISTFILESIZE lines. The builtin command fc (see SHELL BUILTIN COMMANDS below) may be used to list or edit and re-execute a portion of the history list. The history builtin can be used to display the history list and manipulate the history file. When using the command-line editing, search commands are avail- able in each editing mode that provide access to the history list. When an interactive shell exits, the last HISTSIZE lines are copied from the history list to HISTFILE. If HISTFILE is unset, or if the history file is unwritable, the history is not saved. HISTORY EXPANSION The shell supports a history expansion feature that is simi- lar to the history expansion in csh. This section describes what syntax features are available. This feature is enabled by default for interactive shells, and can be disabled using the +H option to the set builtin command (see SHELL BUILTIN COMMANDS below). Non-interactive shells do not perform his- tory expansion. History expansion is performed immediately after a complete line is read, before the shell breaks it into words. It takes place in two parts. The first is to determine which line from the previous history to use during substitution. The second is to select portions of that line for inclusion into the current one. The line selected from the previous history is the _e_v_e_n_t, and the portions of that line that are acted upon are _w_o_r_d_s. The line is broken into words in the same fashion as when reading input, so that several _m_e_t_a_c_h_a_r_a_c_t_e_r-separated words surrounded by quotes are con- sidered as one word. Only backslash (\) and single quotes can quote the history escape character, which is ! by default. The shell allows control of the various characters used by the history expansion mechanism (see the description of histchars above under Shell Variables). Event Designators GNU Last change: 1994 Dec 6 38 BASH(1) USER COMMANDS BASH(1) An event designator is a reference to a command line entry in the history list. ! Start a history substitution, except when followed by a blank, newline, = or (. !! Refer to the previous command. This is a synonym for `!-1'. !_n Refer to command line _n. !-_n Refer to the current command line minus _n. !_s_t_r_i_n_g Refer to the most recent command starting with _s_t_r_i_n_g. !?_s_t_r_i_n_g[?] Refer to the most recent command containing _s_t_r_i_n_g. 9 ^8_s_t_r_i_n_g_19^8_s_t_r_i_n_g_29^ 8 Quick substitution. Repeat the last command, replacing _s_t_r_i_n_g_1 with _s_t_r_i_n_g_2. Equivalent to ``!!:s/_s_t_r_i_n_g_1/_s_t_r_i_n_g_2/'' (see Modifiers below). !# The entire command line typed so far. Word Designators A : separates the event specification from the word designa- tor. It can be omitted if the word designator begins with a ^, $, *, or %. Words are numbered from the beginning of the line, with the first word being denoted by a 0 (zero). 0 (zero) The zeroth word. For the shell, this is the command word. _n The _nth word. ^ The first argument. That is, word 1. $ The last argument. % The word matched by the most recent `?_s_t_r_i_n_g?' search. _x-_y A range of words; `-_y' abbreviates `0-_y'. * All of the words but the zeroth. This is a synonym for `_1-$'. It is not an error to use * if there is just one word in the event; the empty string is returned in that case. x* Abbreviates _x-$. x- Abbreviates _x-$ like x*, but omits the last word. Modifiers After the optional word designator, you can add a sequence of one or more of the following modifiers, each preceded by a `:'. h Remove a trailing pathname component, leaving only the head. r Remove a trailing suffix of the form ._x_x_x, leaving the basename. e Remove all but the trailing suffix. t Remove all leading pathname components, leaving the tail. GNU Last change: 1994 Dec 6 39 BASH(1) USER COMMANDS BASH(1) p Print the new command but do not execute it. q Quote the substituted words, escaping further substitu- tions. x Quote the substituted words as with q, but break into words at blanks and newlines. s/_o_l_d/_n_e_w/ Substitute _n_e_w for the first occurrence of _o_l_d in the event line. Any delimiter can be used in place of /. The final delimiter is optional if it is the last char- acter of the event line. The delimiter may be quoted in _o_l_d and _n_e_w with a single backslash. If & appears in _n_e_w, it is replaced by _o_l_d. A single backslash will quote the &. & Repeat the previous substitution. g Cause changes to be applied over the entire event line. This is used in conjunction with `:s' (e.g., `:gs/_o_l_d/_n_e_w/') or `:&'. If used with `:s', any delim- iter can be used in place of /, and the final delimiter is optional if it is the last character of the event line. ARITHMETIC EVALUATION The shell allows arithmetic expressions to be evaluated, under certain circumstances (see the let builtin command and Arithmetic Expansion). Evaluation is done in long integers with no check for overflow, though division by 0 is trapped and flagged as an error. The following list of operators is grouped into levels of equal-precedence operators. The lev- els are listed in order of decreasing precedence. - + unary minus and plus ! ~ logical and bitwise negation * / % multiplication, division, remainder + - addition, subtraction << >> left and right bitwise shifts <= >= < > comparison == != equality and inequality & bitwise AND ^ bitwise exclusive OR | bitwise OR && logical AND || logical OR = *= /= %= += -= assignment Shell variables are allowed as operands; parameter expansion is performed before the expression is evaluated. The value of a parameter is coerced to a long integer within an GNU Last change: 1994 Dec 6 40 BASH(1) USER COMMANDS BASH(1) expression. A shell variable need not have its integer attribute turned on to be used in an expression. Constants with a leading 0 are interpreted as octal numbers. A leading _0_x or _0_X denotes hexadecimal. Otherwise, numbers take the form [_b_a_s_e#]n, where _b_a_s_e is a decimal number between 2 and 36 representing the arithmetic base, and _n is a number in that base. If _b_a_s_e is omitted, then base 10 is used. Operators are evaluated in order of precedence. Sub- expressions in parentheses are evaluated first and may over- ride the precedence rules above. SHELL BUILTIN COMMANDS : [_a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t_s] No effect; the command does nothing beyond expanding _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t_s and performing any specified redirections. A zero exit code is returned. . _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e [_a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t_s] source _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e [_a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t_s] Read and execute commands from _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e in the current shell environment and return the exit status of the last command executed from _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e. If _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e does not contain a slash, pathnames in PATH are used to find the directory containing _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e. The file searched for in PATH need not be executable. The current direc- tory is searched if no file is found in PATH. If any _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t_s are supplied, they become the positional parameters when _f_i_l_e is executed. Otherwise the posi- tional parameters are unchanged. The return status is the status of the last command exited within the script (0 if no commands are executed), and false if _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e is not found. alias [_n_a_m_e[=_v_a_l_u_e] ...] Alias with no arguments prints the list of aliases in the form _n_a_m_e=_v_a_l_u_e on standard output. When arguments are supplied, an alias is defined for each _n_a_m_e whose _v_a_l_u_e is given. A trailing space in _v_a_l_u_e causes the next word to be checked for alias substitution when the alias is expanded. For each _n_a_m_e in the argument list for which no _v_a_l_u_e is supplied, the name and value of the alias is printed. Alias returns true unless a _n_a_m_e is given for which no alias has been defined. bg [_j_o_b_s_p_e_c] Place _j_o_b_s_p_e_c in the background, as if it had been started with &. If _j_o_b_s_p_e_c is not present, the shell's notion of the _c_u_r_r_e_n_t _j_o_b is used. bg _j_o_b_s_p_e_c returns 0 unless run when job control is disabled or, when run GNU Last change: 1994 Dec 6 41 BASH(1) USER COMMANDS BASH(1) with job control enabled, if _j_o_b_s_p_e_c was not found or started without job control. bind [-m _k_e_y_m_a_p] [-lvd] [-q _n_a_m_e] bind [-m _k_e_y_m_a_p] -f _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e bind [-m _k_e_y_m_a_p] _k_e_y_s_e_q:_f_u_n_c_t_i_o_n-_n_a_m_e Display current readline key and function bindings, or bind a key sequence to a readline function or macro. The binding syntax accepted is identical to that of ._i_n_p_u_t_r_c, but each binding must be passed as a separate argument; e.g., '"\C-x\C-r": re-read-init-file'. Options, if supplied, have the following meanings: -m _k_e_y_m_a_p Use _k_e_y_m_a_p as the keymap to be affected by the subsequent bindings. Acceptable _k_e_y_m_a_p names are _e_m_a_c_s, _e_m_a_c_s-_s_t_a_n_d_a_r_d, _e_m_a_c_s-_m_e_t_a, _e_m_a_c_s-_c_t_l_x, _v_i, _v_i-_m_o_v_e, _v_i-_c_o_m_m_a_n_d, and _v_i-_i_n_s_e_r_t. _v_i is equivalent to _v_i-_c_o_m_m_a_n_d; _e_m_a_c_s is equivalent to _e_m_a_c_s-_s_t_a_n_d_a_r_d. -l List the names of all readline functions -v List current function names and bindings -d Dump function names and bindings in such a way that they can be re-read -f _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e Read key bindings from _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e -q _f_u_n_c_t_i_o_n Query about which keys invoke the named _f_u_n_c_t_i_o_n The return value is 0 unless an unrecognized option is given or an error occurred. break [_n] Exit from within a for, while, or until loop. If _n is specified, break _n levels. _n must be >_ 1. If _n is greater than the number of enclosing loops, all enclos- ing loops are exited. The return value is 0 unless the shell is not executing a loop when break is executed. builtin _s_h_e_l_l-_b_u_i_l_t_i_n [_a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t_s] Execute the specified shell builtin, passing it _a_r_g_u_- _m_e_n_t_s, and return its exit status. This is useful when you wish to define a function whose name is the same as a shell builtin, but need the functionality of the builtin within the function itself. The cd builtin is commonly redefined this way. The return status is false if _s_h_e_l_l-_b_u_i_l_t_i_n is not a shell builtin command. cd [_d_i_r] Change the current directory to _d_i_r. The variable HOME is the default _d_i_r. The variable CDPATH defines the search path for the directory containing _d_i_r. Alterna- tive directory names are separated by a colon (:). A GNU Last change: 1994 Dec 6 42 BASH(1) USER COMMANDS BASH(1) null directory name in CDPATH is the same as the current directory, i.e., ``.''. If _d_i_r begins with a slash (/), then CDPATH is not used. An argument of - is equivalent to $OLDPWD. The return value is true if the directory was successfully changed; false other- wise. command [-pVv] _c_o_m_m_a_n_d [_a_r_g ...] Run _c_o_m_m_a_n_d with _a_r_g_s suppressing the normal shell function lookup. Only builtin commands or commands found in the PATH are executed. If the -p option is given, the search for _c_o_m_m_a_n_d is performed using a default value for PATH that is guaranteed to find all of the standard utilities. If either the -V or -v option is supplied, a description of _c_o_m_m_a_n_d is printed. The -v option causes a single word indicating the command or pathname used to invoke _c_o_m_m_a_n_d to be printed; the -V option produces a more verbose descrip- tion. An argument of -- disables option checking for the rest of the arguments. If the -V or -v option is supplied, the exit status is 0 if _c_o_m_m_a_n_d was found, and 1 if not. If neither option is supplied and an error occurred or _c_o_m_m_a_n_d cannot be found, the exit status is 127. Otherwise, the exit status of the com- mand builtin is the exit status of _c_o_m_m_a_n_d. continue [_n] Resume the next iteration of the enclosing for, while, or until loop. If _n is specified, resume at the _nth enclosing loop. _n must be >_ 1. If _n is greater than the number of enclosing loops, the last enclosing loop (the `top-level' loop) is resumed. The return value is 0 unless the shell is not executing a loop when con- tinue is executed. declare [-frxi] [_n_a_m_e[=_v_a_l_u_e]] typeset [-frxi] [_n_a_m_e[=_v_a_l_u_e]] Declare variables and/or give them attributes. If no _n_a_m_es are given, then display the values of variables instead. The options can be used to restrict output to variables with the specified attribute. -f Use function names only -r Make _n_a_m_es readonly. These names cannot then be assigned values by subsequent assignment state- ments. -x Mark _n_a_m_es for export to subsequent commands via the environment. -i The variable is treated as an integer; arithmetic evaluation (see ARITHMETIC EVALUATION ) is per- formed when the variable is assigned a value. GNU Last change: 1994 Dec 6 43 BASH(1) USER COMMANDS BASH(1) Using `+' instead of `-' turns off the attribute instead. When used in a function, makes _n_a_m_es local, as with the local command. The return value is 0 unless an illegal option is encountered, an attempt is made to define a function using "-f foo=bar", one of the _n_a_m_e_s is not a legal shell variable name, an attempt is made to turn off readonly status for a readonly variable, or an attempt is made to display a non-existant function with -f. dirs [-l] [+/-n] Display the list of currently remembered directories. Directories are added to the list with the pushd com- mand; the popd command moves back up through the list. +n displays the _nth entry counting from the left of the list shown by dirs when invoked without options, starting with zero. -n displays the _nth entry counting from the right of the list shown by dirs when invoked without options, starting with zero. -l produces a longer listing; the default listing format uses a tilde to denote the home directory. The return value is 0 unless an illegal option is sup- plied or _n indexes beyond the end of the directory stack. echo [-neE] [_a_r_g ...] Output the _a_r_gs, separated by spaces. The return status is always 0. If -n is specified, the trailing newline is suppressed. If the -e option is given, interpretation of the following backslash-escaped char- acters is enabled. The -E option disables the interpretation of these escape characters, even on sys- tems where they are interpreted by default. \a alert (bell) \b backspace \c suppress trailing newline \f form feed \n new line \r carriage return \t horizontal tab \v vertical tab \\ backslash \nnn the character whose ASCII code is _n_n_n (octal) enable [-n] [-all] [_n_a_m_e ...] Enable and disable builtin shell commands. This allows the execution of a disk command which has the same name as a shell builtin without specifying a full pathname. If -n is used, each _n_a_m_e is disabled; otherwise, _n_a_m_e_s are enabled. For example, to use the test binary found GNU Last change: 1994 Dec 6 44 BASH(1) USER COMMANDS BASH(1) via the PATH instead of the shell builtin version, type ``enable -n test''. If no arguments are given, a list of all enabled shell builtins is printed. If only -n is supplied, a list of all disabled builtins is printed. If only -all is supplied, the list printed includes all builtins, with an indication of whether or not each is enabled. enable accepts -a as a synonym for -all. The return value is 0 unless a _n_a_m_e is not a shell builtin. eval [_a_r_g ...] The _a_r_gs are read and concatenated together into a sin- gle command. This command is then read and executed by the shell, and its exit status is returned as the value of the eval command. If there are no _a_r_g_s, or only null arguments, eval returns true. exec [[-] _c_o_m_m_a_n_d [_a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t_s]] If _c_o_m_m_a_n_d is specified, it replaces the shell. No new process is created. The _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t_s become the arguments to _c_o_m_m_a_n_d. If the first argument is -, the shell places a dash in the zeroth arg passed to _c_o_m_m_a_n_d. This is what login does. If the file cannot be exe- cuted for some reason, a non-interactive shell exits, unless the shell variable no_exit_on_failed_exec exists, in which case it returns failure. An interac- tive shell returns failure if the file cannot be exe- cuted. If _c_o_m_m_a_n_d is not specified, any redirections take effect in the current shell, and the return status is 0. exit [_n] Cause the shell to exit with a status of _n. If _n is omitted, the exit status is that of the last command executed. A trap on EXIT is executed before the shell terminates. export [-nf] [_n_a_m_e[=_w_o_r_d]] ... export -p The supplied _n_a_m_e_s are marked for automatic export to the environment of subsequently executed commands. If the -f option is given, the _n_a_m_e_s refer to functions. If no _n_a_m_e_s are given, or if the -p option is supplied, a list of all names that are exported in this shell is printed. The -n option causes the export property to be removed from the named variables. An argument of -- disables option checking for the rest of the arguments. export returns an exit status of 0 unless an illegal option is encountered, one of the _n_a_m_e_s is not a legal shell variable name, or -f is supplied with a _n_a_m_e that is not a function. GNU Last change: 1994 Dec 6 45 BASH(1) USER COMMANDS BASH(1) fc [-e _e_n_a_m_e] [-nlr] [_f_i_r_s_t] [_l_a_s_t] fc -s [_p_a_t=_r_e_p] [_c_m_d] Fix Command. In the first form, a range of commands from _f_i_r_s_t to _l_a_s_t is selected from the history list. _F_i_r_s_t and _l_a_s_t may be specified as a string (to locate the last command beginning with that string) or as a number (an index into the history list, where a nega- tive number is used as an offset from the current com- mand number). If _l_a_s_t is not specified it is set to the current command for listing (so that fc -l -10 prints the last 10 commands) and to _f_i_r_s_t otherwise. If _f_i_r_s_t is not specified it is set to the previous command for editing and -16 for listing. The -n flag suppresses the command numbers when list- ing. The -r flag reverses the order of the commands. If the -l flag is given, the commands are listed on standard output. Otherwise, the editor given by _e_n_a_m_e is invoked on a file containing those commands. If _e_n_a_m_e is not given, the value of the FCEDIT variable is used, and the value of EDITOR if FCEDIT is not set. If neither variable is set, _v_i is used. When editing is complete, the edited commands are echoed and executed. In the second form, _c_o_m_m_a_n_d is re-executed after each instance of _p_a_t is replaced by _r_e_p. A useful alias to use with this is ``r=fc -s'', so that typing ``r cc'' runs the last command beginning with ``cc'' and typing ``r'' re-executes the last command. If the first form is used, the return value is 0 unless an illegal option is encountered or _f_i_r_s_t or _l_a_s_t specify history lines out of range. If the -e option is supplied, the return value is the value of the last command executed or failure if an error occurs with the temporary file of commands. If the second form is used, the return status is that of the command re- executed, unless _c_m_d does not specify a valid history line, in which case fc returns failure. fg [_j_o_b_s_p_e_c] Place _j_o_b_s_p_e_c in the foreground, and make it the current job. If _j_o_b_s_p_e_c is not present, the shell's notion of the _c_u_r_r_e_n_t _j_o_b is used. The return value is that of the command placed into the foreground, or failure if run when job control is disabled or, when run with job control enabled, if _j_o_b_s_p_e_c does not specify a valid job or _j_o_b_s_p_e_c specifies a job that was started without job control. getopts _o_p_t_s_t_r_i_n_g _n_a_m_e [_a_r_g_s] getopts is used by shell procedures to parse positional GNU Last change: 1994 Dec 6 46 BASH(1) USER COMMANDS BASH(1) parameters. _o_p_t_s_t_r_i_n_g contains the option letters to be recognized; if a letter is followed by a colon, the option is expected to have an argument, which should be separated from it by white space. Each time it is invoked, getopts places the next option in the shell variable _n_a_m_e, initializing _n_a_m_e if it does not exist, and the index of the next argument to be processed into the variable OPTIND. OPTIND is initialized to 1 each time the shell or a shell script is invoked. When an option requires an argument, getopts places that argu- ment into the variable OPTARG. The shell does not reset OPTIND automatically; it must be manually reset between multiple calls to getopts within the same shell invocation if a new set of parameters is to be used. getopts can report errors in two ways. If the first character of _o_p_t_s_t_r_i_n_g is a colon, _s_i_l_e_n_t error report- ing is used. In normal operation diagnostic messages are printed when illegal options or missing option arguments are encountered. If the variable OPTERR is set to 0, no error message will be displayed, even if the first character of _o_p_t_s_t_r_i_n_g is not a colon. If an illegal option is seen, getopts places ? into _n_a_m_e and, if not silent, prints an error message and unsets OPTARG. If getopts is silent, the option char- acter found is placed in OPTARG and no diagnostic mes- sage is printed. If a required argument is not found, and getopts is not silent, a question mark (?) is placed in _n_a_m_e, OPTARG is unset, and a diagnostic message is printed. If getopts is silent, then a colon (:) is placed in _n_a_m_e and OPTARG is set to the option character found. getopts normally parses the positional parameters, but if more arguments are given in _a_r_g_s, getopts parses those instead. getopts returns true if an option, specified or unspecified, is found. It returns false if the end of options is encountered or an error occurs. hash [-r] [_n_a_m_e] For each _n_a_m_e, the full pathname of the command is determined and remembered. The -r option causes the shell to forget all remembered locations. If no argu- ments are given, information about remembered commands is printed. An argument of -- disables option checking for the rest of the arguments. The return status is true unless a _n_a_m_e is not found or an illegal option is supplied. GNU Last change: 1994 Dec 6 47 BASH(1) USER COMMANDS BASH(1) help [_p_a_t_t_e_r_n] Display helpful information about builtin commands. If _p_a_t_t_e_r_n is specified, help gives detailed help on all commands matching _p_a_t_t_e_r_n; otherwise a list of the builtins is printed. The return status is 0 unless no command matches _p_a_t_t_e_r_n. history [_n] history -rwan [_f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e] With no options, display the command history list with line numbers. Lines listed with a * have been modi- fied. An argument of _n lists only the last _n lines. If a non-option argument is supplied, it is used as the name of the history file; if not, the value of HISTFILE is used. Options, if supplied, have the following meanings: -a Append the ``new'' history lines (history lines entered since the beginning of the current bash session) to the history file -n Read the history lines not already read from the history file into the current history list. These are lines appended to the history file since the beginning of the current bash session. -r Read the contents of the history file and use them as the current history -w Write the current history to the history file, overwriting the history file's contents. The return value is 0 unless an illegal option is encountered or an error occurs while reading or writing the history file. jobs [-lnp] [ _j_o_b_s_p_e_c ... ] jobs -x _c_o_m_m_a_n_d [ _a_r_g_s ... ] The first form lists the active jobs. The -l option lists process IDs in addition to the normal informa- tion; the -p option lists only the process ID of the job's process group leader. The -n option displays only jobs that have changed status since last notified. If _j_o_b_s_p_e_c is given, output is restricted to informa- tion about that job. The return status is 0 unless an illegal option is encountered or an illegal _j_o_b_s_p_e_c is supplied. If the -x option is supplied, jobs replaces any _j_o_b_s_p_e_c found in _c_o_m_m_a_n_d or _a_r_g_s with the corresponding process group ID, and executes _c_o_m_m_a_n_d passing it _a_r_g_s, return- ing its exit status. kill [-s sigspec | -sigspec] [_p_i_d | _j_o_b_s_p_e_c] ... kill -l [_s_i_g_n_u_m] Send the signal named by _s_i_g_s_p_e_c to the processes named GNU Last change: 1994 Dec 6 48 BASH(1) USER COMMANDS BASH(1) by _p_i_d or _j_o_b_s_p_e_c. _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is either a signal name such as SIGKILL or a signal number. If _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is a signal name, the name is case insensitive and may be given with or without the SIG prefix. If _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is not present, then SIGTERM is assumed. An argument of -l lists the signal names. If any arguments are sup- plied when -l is given, the names of the specified sig- nals are listed, and the return status is 0. An argu- ment of -- disables option checking for the rest of the arguments. kill returns true if at least one signal was successfully sent, or false if an error occurs or an illegal option is encountered. let _a_r_g [_a_r_g ...] Each _a_r_g is an arithmetic expression to be evaluated (see ARITHMETIC EVALUATION). If the last _a_r_g evaluates to 0, let returns 1; 0 is returned otherwise. local [_n_a_m_e[=_v_a_l_u_e] ...] For each argument, create a local variable named _n_a_m_e, and assign it _v_a_l_u_e. When local is used within a func- tion, it causes the variable _n_a_m_e to have a visible scope restricted to that function and its children. With no operands, local writes a list of local vari- ables to the standard output. It is an error to use local when not within a function. The return status is 0 unless local is used outside a function, or an ille- gal _n_a_m_e is supplied. logout Exit a login shell. popd [+/-n] Removes entries from the directory stack. With no arguments, removes the top directory from the stack, and performs a cd to the new top directory. +n removes the _nth entry counting from the left of the list shown by dirs, starting with zero. For example: ``popd +0'' removes the first directory, ``popd +1'' the second. -n removes the _nth entry counting from the right of the list shown by dirs, starting with zero. For example: ``popd -0'' removes the last directory, ``popd -1'' the next to last. If the popd command is successful, a dirs is performed as well, and the return status is 0. popd returns false if an illegal option is encountered, the direc- tory stack is empty, a non-existent directory stack entry is specified, or the directory change fails. pushd [_d_i_r] GNU Last change: 1994 Dec 6 49 BASH(1) USER COMMANDS BASH(1) pushd +/-n Adds a directory to the top of the directory stack, or rotates the stack, making the new top of the stack the current working directory. With no arguments, exchanges the top two directories and returns 0, unless the directory stack is empty. +n Rotates the stack so that the _nth directory (counting from the left of the list shown by dirs) is at the top. -n Rotates the stack so that the _nth directory (counting from the right) is at the top. dir adds _d_i_r to the directory stack at the top, making it the new current working directory. If the pushd command is successful, a dirs is performed as well. If the first form is used, pushd returns 0 unless the cd to _d_i_r fails. With the second form, pushd returns 0 unless the directory stack is empty, a non-existant directory stack element is specified, or the directory change to the specified new current directory fails. pwd Print the absolute pathname of the current working directory. The path printed contains no symbolic links if the -P option to the set builtin command is set. See also the description of nolinks under Shell Vari- ables above). The return status is 0 unless an error occurs while reading the pathname of the current direc- tory. read [-r] [_n_a_m_e ...] One line is read from the standard input, and the first word is assigned to the first _n_a_m_e, the second word to the second _n_a_m_e, and so on, with leftover words assigned to the last _n_a_m_e. Only the characters in IFS are recognized as word delimiters. If no _n_a_m_e_s are supplied, the line read is assigned to the variable REPLY. The return code is zero, unless end-of-file is encountered. If the -r option is given, a backslash- newline pair is not ignored, and the backslash is con- sidered to be part of the line. readonly [-f] [_n_a_m_e ...] readonly -p The given _n_a_m_e_s are marked readonly and the values of these _n_a_m_e_s may not be changed by subsequent assign- ment. If the -f option is supplied, the functions corresponding to the _n_a_m_e_s are so marked. If no argu- ments are given, or if the -p option is supplied, a list of all readonly names is printed. An argument of -- disables option checking for the rest of the argu- ments. The return status is 0 unless an illegal option GNU Last change: 1994 Dec 6 50 BASH(1) USER COMMANDS BASH(1) is encountered, one of the _n_a_m_e_s is not a legal shell variable name, or -f is supplied with a _n_a_m_e that is not a function. return [_n] Causes a function to exit with the return value speci- fied by _n. If _n is omitted, the return status is that of the last command executed in the function body. If used outside a function, but during execution of a script by the . (source) command, it causes the shell to stop executing that script and return either _n or the exit status of the last command executed within the script as the exit status of the script. If used out- side a function and not during execution of a script by ., the return status is false. set [--abefhkmnptuvxldCHP] [-o _o_p_t_i_o_n] [_a_r_g ...] -a Automatically mark variables which are modified or created for export to the environment of subsequent commands. -b Cause the status of terminated background jobs to be reported immediately, rather than before the next primary prompt. (Also see notify under Shell Variables above). -e Exit immediately if a _s_i_m_p_l_e-_c_o_m_m_a_n_d (see SHELL GRAMMAR above) exits with a non-zero status. The shell does not exit if the command that fails is part of an _u_n_t_i_l or _w_h_i_l_e loop, part of an _i_f statement, part of a && or || list, or if the command's return value is being inverted via !. -f Disable pathname expansion. -h Locate and remember function commands as func- tions are defined. Function commands are nor- mally looked up when the function is executed. -k All keyword arguments are placed in the environment for a command, not just those that precede the command name. -m Monitor mode. Job control is enabled. This flag is on by default for interactive shells on systems that support it (see JOB CONTROL above). Background processes run in a separate process group and a line containing their exit status is printed upon their completion. -n Read commands but do not execute them. This may be used to check a shell script for syntax errors. This is ignored for interactive shells. -o _o_p_t_i_o_n-_n_a_m_e The _o_p_t_i_o_n-_n_a_m_e can be one of the following: allexport Same as -a. GNU Last change: 1994 Dec 6 51 BASH(1) USER COMMANDS BASH(1) braceexpand The shell performs brace expansion (see Brace Expansion above). This is on by default. emacs Use an emacs-style command line editing interface. This is enabled by default when the shell is interactive, unless the shell is started with the -nol- ineediting option. errexit Same as -e. histexpand Same as -H. ignoreeof The effect is as if the shell command `IGNOREEOF=10' had been executed (see Shell Variables above). interactive-comments Allow a word beginning with # to cause that word and all remaining characters on that line to be ignored in an interactive shell (see COMMENTS above). monitor Same as -m. noclobber Same as -C. noexec Same as -n. noglob Same as -f. nohash Same as -d. notify Same as -b. nounset Same as -u. physical Same as -P. posix Change the behavior of bash where the default operation differs from the Posix 1003.2 standard to match the standard. privileged Same as -p. verbose Same as -v. vi Use a vi-style command line editing interface. xtrace Same as -x. If no _o_p_t_i_o_n-_n_a_m_e is supplied, the values of the current options are printed. -p Turn on _p_r_i_v_i_l_e_g_e_d mode. In this mode, the $ENV file is not processed, and shell functions are not inherited from the environment. This is enabled automatically on startup if the effective user (group) id is not equal to the real user (group) id. Turning this option off causes the effective user and group ids to be set to the real user and group ids. -t Exit after reading and executing one command. GNU Last change: 1994 Dec 6 52 BASH(1) USER COMMANDS BASH(1) -u Treat unset variables as an error when perform- ing parameter expansion. If expansion is attempted on an unset variable, the shell prints an error message, and, if not interac- tive, exits with a non-zero status. -v Print shell input lines as they are read. -x After expanding each _s_i_m_p_l_e-_c_o_m_m_a_n_d, bash displays the expanded value of PS4, followed by the command and its expanded arguments. -l Save and restore the binding of _n_a_m_e in a for _n_a_m_e [in word] command (see SHELL GRAMMAR above). -d Disable the hashing of commands that are looked up for execution. Normally, commands are remembered in a hash table, and once found, do not have to be looked up again. -C The effect is as if the shell command `noclobber=' had been executed (see Shell Vari- ables above). -H Enable ! style history substitution. This flag is on by default when the shell is interactive. -P If set, do not follow symbolic links when per- forming commands such as cd which change the current directory. The physical directory is used instead. -- If no arguments follow this flag, then the positional parameters are unset. Otherwise, the positional parameters are set to the _a_r_gs, even if some of them begin with a -. - Signal the end of options, cause all remaining _a_r_gs to be assigned to the positional parame- ters. The -x and -v options are turned off. If there are no _a_r_gs, the positional parameters remain unchanged. The flags are off by default unless otherwise noted. Using + rather than - causes these flags to be turned off. The flags can also be specified as options to an invocation of the shell. The current set of flags may be found in $-. After the option arguments are pro- cessed, the remaining _n _a_r_gs are treated as values for the positional parameters and are assigned, in order, to $1, $2, ... $_n. If no options or _a_r_gs are supplied, all shell variables are printed. The return status is always true unless an illegal option is encountered. shift [_n] The positional parameters from _n+1 ... are renamed to $1 .... Parameters represented by the numbers $# down to $#-_n+1 are unset. If _n is 0, no parameters are changed. If _n is not given, it is assumed to be 1. _n must be a non-negative number less than or equal to $#. GNU Last change: 1994 Dec 6 53 BASH(1) USER COMMANDS BASH(1) If _n is greater than $#, the positional parameters are not changed. The return status is greater than 0 if _n is greater than $# or less than 0; otherwise 0. suspend [-f] Suspend the execution of this shell until it receives a SIGCONT signal. The -f option says not to complain if this is a login shell; just suspend anyway. The return status is 0 unless the shell is a login shell and -f is not supplied, or if job control is not enabled. test _e_x_p_r [ _e_x_p_r ] Return a status of 0 (true) or 1 (false) depending on the evaluation of the conditional expression _e_x_p_r. Expressions may be unary or binary. Unary expressions are often used to examine the status of a file. There are string operators and numeric comparison operators as well. Each operator and operand must be a separate argument. If _f_i_l_e is of the form /dev/fd/_n, then file descriptor _n is checked. -b _f_i_l_e True if _f_i_l_e exists and is block special. -c _f_i_l_e True if _f_i_l_e exists and is character special. -d _f_i_l_e True if _f_i_l_e exists and is a directory. -e _f_i_l_e True if _f_i_l_e exists. -f _f_i_l_e True if _f_i_l_e exists and is a regular file. -g _f_i_l_e True if _f_i_l_e exists and is set-group-id. -k _f_i_l_e True if _f_i_l_e has its ``sticky'' bit set. -L _f_i_l_e True if _f_i_l_e exists and is a symbolic link. -p _f_i_l_e True if _f_i_l_e exists and is a named pipe. -r _f_i_l_e True if _f_i_l_e exists and is readable. -s _f_i_l_e True if _f_i_l_e exists and has a size greater than zero. -S _f_i_l_e True if _f_i_l_e exists and is a socket. -t _f_d True if _f_d is opened on a terminal. -u _f_i_l_e True if _f_i_l_e exists and its set-user-id bit is set. -w _f_i_l_e GNU Last change: 1994 Dec 6 54 BASH(1) USER COMMANDS BASH(1) True if _f_i_l_e exists and is writable. -x _f_i_l_e True if _f_i_l_e exists and is executable. -O _f_i_l_e True if _f_i_l_e exists and is owned by the effective user id. -G _f_i_l_e True if _f_i_l_e exists and is owned by the effective group id. _f_i_l_e_1 -nt _f_i_l_e_2 True if _f_i_l_e_1 is newer (according to modification date) than _f_i_l_e_2. _f_i_l_e_1 -ot _f_i_l_e_2 True if _f_i_l_e_1 is older than file2. _f_i_l_e_1 -ef _f_i_l_e True if _f_i_l_e_1 and _f_i_l_e_2 have the same device and inode numbers. -z _s_t_r_i_n_g True if the length of _s_t_r_i_n_g is zero. -n _s_t_r_i_n_g _s_t_r_i_n_g True if the length of _s_t_r_i_n_g is non-zero. _s_t_r_i_n_g_1 = _s_t_r_i_n_g_2 True if the strings are equal. _s_t_r_i_n_g_1 != _s_t_r_i_n_g_2 True if the strings are not equal. ! _e_x_p_r True if _e_x_p_r is false. _e_x_p_r_1 -a _e_x_p_r_2 True if both _e_x_p_r_1 AND _e_x_p_r_2 are true. _e_x_p_r_1 -o _e_x_p_r_2 True if either _e_x_p_r_1 OR _e_x_p_r_2 is true. _a_r_g_1 OP _a_r_g_2 OP is one of -eq, -ne, -lt, -le, -gt, or -ge. These arithmetic binary operators return true if _a_r_g_1 is equal, not-equal, less-than, less-than- or-equal, greater-than, or greater-than-or-equal than _a_r_g_2, respectively. _A_r_g_1 and _a_r_g_2 may be positive integers, negative integers, or the spe- cial expression -l _s_t_r_i_n_g, which evaluates to the length of _s_t_r_i_n_g. times Print the accumulated user and system times for the shell and for processes run from the shell. The return status is 0. trap [-l] [_a_r_g] [_s_i_g_s_p_e_c] The command _a_r_g is to be read and executed when the shell receives signal(s) _s_i_g_s_p_e_c. If _a_r_g is absent or -, all specified signals are reset to their original values (the values they had upon entrance to the GNU Last change: 1994 Dec 6 55 BASH(1) USER COMMANDS BASH(1) shell). If _a_r_g is the null string this signal is ignored by the shell and by the commands it invokes. _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is either a signal name defined in <_s_i_g_n_a_l._h>, or a signal number. If _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is EXIT (0) the command _a_r_g is executed on exit from the shell. With no argu- ments, trap prints the list of commands associated with each signal number. The -l option causes the shell to print a list of signal names and their corresponding numbers. An argument of -- disables option checking for the rest of the arguments. Signals ignored upon entry to the shell cannot be trapped or reset. Trapped signals are reset to their original values in a child process when it is created. The return status is false if either the trap name or number is invalid; otherwise trap returns true. type [-all] [-type | -path] _n_a_m_e [_n_a_m_e ...] With no options, indicate how each _n_a_m_e would be inter- preted if used as a command name. If the -type flag is used, type prints a phrase which is one of _a_l_i_a_s, _k_e_y_- _w_o_r_d, _f_u_n_c_t_i_o_n, _b_u_i_l_t_i_n, or _f_i_l_e if _n_a_m_e is an alias, shell reserved word, function, builtin, or disk file, respectively. If the name is not found, then nothing is printed, and an exit status of false is returned. If the -path flag is used, type either returns the name of the disk file that would be executed if _n_a_m_e were specified as a command name, or nothing if -type would not return _f_i_l_e. If a command is hashed, -path prints the hashed value, not necessarily the file that appears first in PATH. If the -all flag is used, type prints all of the places that contain an executable named _n_a_m_e. This includes aliases and functions, if and only if the -path flag is not also used. The table of hashed commands is not consulted when using -all. type accepts -a, -t, and -p in place of -all, -type, and -path, respectively. An argument of -- disables option checking for the rest of the arguments. type returns true if any of the arguments are found, false if none are found. ulimit [-SHacdfmstpnuv [_l_i_m_i_t]] Ulimit provides control over the resources available to the shell and to processes started by it, on systems that allow such control. The value of _l_i_m_i_t can be a number in the unit specified for the resource, or the value unlimited. The H and S options specify that the hard or soft limit is set for the given resource. A hard limit cannot be increased once it is set; a soft limit may be increased up to the value of the hard limit. If neither H nor S is specified, the command applies to the soft limit. If _l_i_m_i_t is omitted, the current value of the soft limit of the resource is GNU Last change: 1994 Dec 6 56 BASH(1) USER COMMANDS BASH(1) printed, unless the H option is given. When more than one resource is specified, the limit name and unit is printed before the value. Other options are inter- preted as follows: -a all current limits are reported -c the maximum size of core files created -d the maximum size of a process's data segment -f the maximum size of files created by the shell -m the maximum resident set size -s the maximum stack size -t the maximum amount of cpu time in seconds -p the pipe size in 512-byte blocks (this may not be set) -n the maximum number of open file descriptors (most systems do not allow this value to be set, only displayed) -u the maximum number of processes available to a single user -v The maximum amount of virtual memory available to the shell An argument of -- disables option checking for the rest of the arguments. If _l_i_m_i_t is given, it is the new value of the specified resource (the -a option is display only). If no option is given, then -f is assumed. Values are in 1024-byte increments, except for -t, which is in seconds, -p, which is in units of 512-byte blocks, and -n and -u, which are unscaled values. The return status is 0 unless an illegal option is encountered, a non-numeric argument other than unlimited is supplied as _l_i_m_i_t, or an error occurs while setting a new limit. umask [-S] [_m_o_d_e] The user file-creation mask is set to _m_o_d_e. If _m_o_d_e begins with a digit, it is interpreted as an octal number; otherwise it is interpreted as a symbolic mode mask similar to that accepted by _c_h_m_o_d(1). If _m_o_d_e is omitted, or if the -S option is supplied, the current value of the mask is printed. The -S option causes the mask to be printed in symbolic form; the default output is an octal number. An argument of -- disables option checking for the rest of the arguments. The return status is 0 if the mode was successfully changed or if no _m_o_d_e argument was supplied, and false otherwise. unalias [-a] [_n_a_m_e ...] Remove _n_a_m_es from the list of defined aliases. If -a is supplied, all alias definitions are removed. The return value is true unless a supplied _n_a_m_e is not a defined alias. GNU Last change: 1994 Dec 6 57 BASH(1) USER COMMANDS BASH(1) unset [-fv] [_n_a_m_e ...] For each _n_a_m_e, remove the corresponding variable or, given the -f option, function. An argument of -- dis- ables option checking for the rest of the arguments. Note that PATH, IFS, PPID, PS1, PS2, UID, and EUID can- not be unset. If any of RANDOM, SECONDS, LINENO, or HISTCMD are unset, they lose their special properties, even if they are subsequently reset. The exit status is true unless a _n_a_m_e does not exist or is non- unsettable. wait [_n] Wait for the specified process and return its termina- tion status. _n may be a process ID or a job specifica- tion; if a job spec is given, all processes in that job's pipeline are waited for. If _n is not given, all currently active child processes are waited for, and the return status is zero. If _n specifies a non- existant process or job, the return status is 127. Otherwise, the return status is the exit status of the last process or job waited for. INVOCATION A _l_o_g_i_n _s_h_e_l_l is one whose first character of argument zero is a -, or one started with the -login flag. An _i_n_t_e_r_a_c_t_i_v_e shell is one whose standard input and output are both connected to terminals (as determined by _i_s_a_t_t_y(3)), or one started with the -i option. PS1 is set and $- includes i if bash is interactive, allowing a shell script or a startup file to test this state. Login shells: On login (subject to the -noprofile option): if /_e_t_c/_p_r_o_f_i_l_e exists, source it. if ~/._b_a_s_h__p_r_o_f_i_l_e exists, source it, else if ~/._b_a_s_h__l_o_g_i_n exists, source it, else if ~/._p_r_o_f_i_l_e exists, source it. On exit: if ~/._b_a_s_h__l_o_g_o_u_t exists, source it. Non-login interactive shells: On startup (subject to the -norc and -rcfile options): if ~/._b_a_s_h_r_c exists, source it. Non-interactive shells: On startup: if the environment variable ENV is non-null, expand it and source the file it names, as if the command if [ "$ENV" ]; then . $ENV; fi GNU Last change: 1994 Dec 6 58 BASH(1) USER COMMANDS BASH(1) had been executed, but do not use PATH to search for the pathname. When not started in Posix mode, bash looks for BASH_ENV before ENV. If Bash is invoked as sh, it tries to mimic the behavior of sh as closely as possible. For a login shell, it attempts to source only /_e_t_c/_p_r_o_f_i_l_e and ~/._p_r_o_f_i_l_e, in that order. The -noprofile option may still be used to disable this behavior. A shell invoked as sh does not attempt to source any other startup files. When bash is started in _p_o_s_i_x mode, as with the -posix com- mand line option, it follows the Posix standard for startup files. In this mode, the ENV variable is expanded and that file sourced; no other startup files are read. SEE ALSO _B_a_s_h _F_e_a_t_u_r_e_s, Brian Fox and Chet Ramey _T_h_e _G_n_u _R_e_a_d_l_i_n_e _L_i_b_r_a_r_y, Brian Fox and Chet Ramey _T_h_e _G_n_u _H_i_s_t_o_r_y _L_i_b_r_a_r_y, Brian Fox and Chet Ramey Lennert _A _S_y_s_t_e_m _V _C_o_m_p_a_t_i_b_l_e _I_m_p_l_e_m_e_n_t_a_t_i_o_n _o_f _4._2_B_S_D _J_o_b _C_o_n_t_r_o_l, David _U_t_i_l_i_t_i_e_s, IEEE _P_o_r_t_a_b_l_e _O_p_e_r_a_t_i_n_g _S_y_s_t_e_m _I_n_t_e_r_f_a_c_e (_P_O_S_I_X) _P_a_r_t _2: _S_h_e_l_l _a_n_d _s_h(1), _k_s_h(1), _c_s_h(1) _e_m_a_c_s(1), _v_i(1) _r_e_a_d_l_i_n_e(3) FILES /_b_i_n/_b_a_s_h The bash executable /_e_t_c/_p_r_o_f_i_l_e The systemwide initialization file, executed for login shells ~/._b_a_s_h__p_r_o_f_i_l_e The personal initialization file, executed for login shells ~/._b_a_s_h_r_c The individual per-interactive-shell startup file ~/._i_n_p_u_t_r_c Individual _r_e_a_d_l_i_n_e initialization file AUTHORS Brian Fox, Free Software Foundation (primary author) bfox@ai.MIT.Edu Chet Ramey, Case Western Reserve University chet@ins.CWRU.Edu BUG REPORTS If you find a bug in bash, you should report it. But first, you should make sure that it really is a bug, and that it GNU Last change: 1994 Dec 6 59 BASH(1) USER COMMANDS BASH(1) appears in the latest version of bash that you have. Once you have determined that a bug actually exists, mail a bug report to _b_a_s_h-_m_a_i_n_t_a_i_n_e_r_s@_p_r_e_p._a_i._M_I_T._E_d_u. If you have a fix, you are welcome to mail that as well! Suggestions and `philosophical' bug reports may be mailed to _b_u_g- _b_a_s_h@_p_r_e_p._a_i._M_I_T._E_d_u or posted to the Usenet newsgroup gnu.bash.bug. ALL bug reports should include: The version number of bash The hardware and operating system The compiler used to compile A description of the bug behaviour A short script or `recipe' which exercises the bug Comments and bug reports concerning this manual page should be directed to _c_h_e_t@_i_n_s._C_W_R_U._E_d_u. BUGS It's too big and too slow. There are some subtle differences between bash and tradi- tional versions of sh, mostly because of the POSIX specifi- cation. Aliases are confusing in some uses. GNU Last change: 1994 Dec 6 60 bash-1.14.3/documentation/README 664 436 0 1456 5542072716 14422 0ustar chetwheelThis directory contains the bash documentation. article.ms - an article I wrote about bash for The Linux Journal bash.1 - the bash man page builtins.1 - a man page that documents the builtins, extracted from bash.1 features.texi - the `bash features' document, suitable for an info tree readline.3 - the readline man page The `.ps' files are postscript versions of the above. The `.txt' versions are ascii -- the output of `nroff'. The rest of this file explains how to use the `builtins.1' man page. For each command in the list of builtins create a file in man/man1 called: ${command}.1 eg. for.1 type.1 alias.1 etc. All these files are identical as follows: jaws@jaws(264)$ cat alias.1 .so man1/builtins.1 jaws@jaws(265)$ Make sure you adjust the .so line in builtins.1 to reflect where you put it. bash-1.14.3/documentation/readline.3 644 436 0 73751 5615255151 15433 0ustar chetwheel.\" .\" MAN PAGE COMMENTS to .\" .\" Chet Ramey .\" Information Network Services .\" Case Western Reserve University .\" chet@ins.CWRU.Edu .\" .\" Last Change: Wed Jul 20 16:13:11 EDT 1994 .\" .TH READLINE 3 "1994 July 26" GNU .\" .\" File Name macro. This used to be `.PN', for Path Name, .\" but Sun doesn't seem to like that very much. .\" .de FN \fI\|\\$1\|\fP .. .SH NAME readline \- get a line from a user with editing .SH SYNOPSIS .LP .nf .ft B #include #include .ft .fi .LP .nf .ft B typedef int Function (); .LP .nf .ft B char *readline (prompt) char *prompt; .ft .fi .LP .nf .ft B int rl_add_defun (name, function, key) char *name; Function *function; int key; .ft .fi .LP .nf .ft B int rl_bind_key (key, function) int key; Function *function; .ft .fi .LP .nf .ft B int rl_unbind_key (key) int key; .ft .fi .LP .nf .ft B int rl_bind_key_in_map (key, function, keymap) int key; Function *function; Keymap keymap; .ft .fi .LP .nf .ft B int rl_unbind_key_in_map (key, keymap) int key; Keymap keymap; .ft .fi .LP .nf .ft B int rl_macro_bind (keyseq, macro, keymap) char *keyseq, *macro; Keymap keymap; .ft .fi .LP .nf .ft B int rl_variable_bind (variable, value) char *variable, *value; .ft .fi .LP .nf .LP .nf .ft B int rl_parse_and_bind (line) char *line; .ft .fi .LP .nf .ft B int rl_translate_keyseq (keyseq, array, len) char *keyseq, *array; int *len; .ft .fi .LP .nf .ft B Function *rl_named_function (command) char *command; .ft .fi .LP .nf .ft B Function *rl_function_of_keyseq (keyseq, keymap, type) char *keyseq; Keymap keymap; int *type; .ft .fi .LP .nf .ft B char **rl_invoking_keyseqs (function) Function *function; .ft .fi .LP .nf .ft B char **rl_invoking_keyseqs_in_map (function, keymap) Function *function; Keymap keymap; .ft .fi .LP .nf .ft B void rl_function_dumper (readable) int readable; .ft .fi .LP .nf .ft B char **rl_funmap_names () .ft .fi .SH COPYRIGHT .if n Readline is Copyright (C) 1989, 1991 by the Free Software Foundation, Inc. .if t Readline is Copyright \(co 1989, 1991 by the Free Software Foundation, Inc. .SH DESCRIPTION .LP .B readline will read a line from the terminal and return it, using .B prompt as a prompt. If .B prompt is null, no prompt is issued. The line returned is allocated with .IR malloc (3), so the caller must free it when finished. The line returned has the final newline removed, so only the text of the line remains. .LP .B readline offers editing capabilities while the user is entering the line. By default, the line editing commands are similar to those of emacs. A vi\-style line editing interface is also available. .LP In the following descriptions, .B keymap can be one of \fIemacs_keymap, emacs_meta_keymap, emacs_ctlx_keymap, vi_insertion_keymap, or vi_movement_keymap\fP. .LP .B rl_add_defun makes .B name appear as a bindable readline command, and makes .B function be the function called when that command is invoked. If .B key is not \-1, it is bound to .B function in the current keymap. .LP .B rl_bind_key causes .B key to invoke .BR function . The binding is made in the current keymap. .LP .B rl_unbind_key removes the binding for .B key in the current keymap. .LP .B rl_bind_key_in_map makes the .B key entry in .B keymap invoke .BR function . .LP .B rl_unbind_key_in_map removes the binding for .B key in keymap .BR keymap . .LP .B rl_macro_bind makes .B keyseq insert the string .BR macro . The binding is performed in .BR keymap . .LP .B rl_variable_bind sets the value of the readline variable .B variable to .BR value . .LP .B rl_parse_and_bind takes as an argument a line of the same form as the readline startup file (see .SM .B INITIALIZATION FILE below) and executes the commands therein. .LP .B rl_translate_keyseq converts .B keyseq into a new string, storing the result in .BR array . This translates control and meta prefixes and the readline character escape sequences (see .SM .B Key Bindings below). The length of the translated sequence is returned in .BR *len . .LP .B rl_named_function returns the function that is executed when the readline command .B command is invoked. .LP .B rl_function_of_keyseq returns the function that is executed when .B keyseq is read and .B keymap is the current keymap. .B type is set to indicate whether the return value corresponds to a function, macro, or auxiliary keymap. .LP .B rl_invoking_keyseqs returns all of the key sequences in the current keymap that invoke .BR function . .LP .B rl_invoking_keyseqs_in_map returns all of the key sequences in .B keymap that invoke .BR function . .LP .B rl_function_dumper prints all of the readline functions and their bindings to the readline output stream. If .B readable is non\-zero, the output is formattted so that it can be read back in to restore the bindings. .LP .B rl_funmap_names returns an array of all known readline bindable function names. The array is sorted. .SH RETURN VALUE .LP .B readline returns the text of the line read. A blank line returns the empty string. If .B EOF is encountered while reading a line, and the line is empty, .B NULL is returned. If an .B EOF is read with a non\-empty line, it is treated as a newline. .LP Unless otherwise stated, the other functions return 0 on success and non\-zero on failure. .SH NOTATION .LP An emacs\-style notation is used to denote keystrokes. Control keys are denoted by C\-\fIkey\fR, e.g., C\-n means Control\-N. Similarly, .I meta keys are denoted by M\-\fIkey\fR, so M\-x means Meta\-X. (On keyboards without a .I meta key, M\-\fIx\fP means ESC \fIx\fP, i.e., press the Escape key then the .I x key. This makes ESC the \fImeta prefix\fP. The combination M\-C\-\fIx\fP means ESC\-Control\-\fIx\fP, or press the Escape key then hold the Control key while pressing the .I x key.) .PP Readline commands may be given numeric .IR arguments , which normally act as a repeat count. Sometimes, however, it is the sign of the argument that is significant. Passing a negative argument to a command that acts in the forward direction (e.g., \fBkill\-line\fP) causes that command to act in a backward direction. Commands whose behavior with arguments deviates from this are noted. .PP When a command is described as \fIkilling\fP text, the text deleted is saved for possible future retrieval (\fIyanking\fP). The killed text is saved in a \fIkill\-ring\fP. Consecutive kills cause the text to be accumulated into one unit, which can be yanked all at once. Commands which do not kill text separate the chunks of text on the kill\-ring. .SH INITIALIZATION FILE .LP Readline is customized by putting commands in an initialization file. The name of this file is taken from the value of the .B INPUTRC variable. If that variable is unset, the default is .IR ~/.inputrc . When a program which uses the readline library starts up, the init file is read, and the key bindings and variables are set. There are only a few basic constructs allowed in the readline init file. Blank lines are ignored. Lines beginning with a \fB#\fP are comments. Lines beginning with a \fB$\fP indicate conditional constructs. Other lines denote key bindings and variable settings. Each program using this library may add its own commands and bindings. .PP For example, placing .RS .PP M\-Control\-u: universal\-argument .RE or .RS C\-Meta\-u: universal\-argument .RE into the .FN ~/.inputrc would make M\-C\-u execute the readline command .IR universal\-argument . .PP The following symbolic character names are recognized while processing key bindings: .IR RUBOUT , .IR DEL , .IR ESC , .IR LFD , .IR NEWLINE , .IR RET , .IR RETURN , .IR SPC , .IR SPACE , and .IR TAB . In addition to command names, readline allows keys to be bound to a string that is inserted when the key is pressed (a \fImacro\fP). .PP .SS Key Bindings .PP The syntax for controlling key bindings in the .I ~/.inputrc file is simple. All that is required is the name of the command or the text of a macro and a key sequence to which it should be bound. The name may be specified in one of two ways: as a symbolic key name, possibly with \fIMeta\-\fP or \fIControl\-\fP prefixes, or as a key sequence. When using the form \fBkeyname\fP:\fIfunction-name\fP or \fImacro\fP, .I keyname is the name of a key spelled out in English. For example: .sp .RS Control\-u: universal\-argument .br Meta\-Rubout: backward\-kill\-word .br Control\-o: ">&output" .RE .LP In the above example, .I C\-u is bound to the function .BR universal\-argument , .I M-DEL is bound to the function .BR backward\-kill\-word , and .I C\-o is bound to run the macro expressed on the right hand side (that is, to insert the text .I >&output into the line). .PP In the second form, \fB"keyseq"\fP:\fIfunction\-name\fP or \fImacro\fP, .B keyseq differs from .B keyname above in that strings denoting an entire key sequence may be specified by placing the sequence within double quotes. Some GNU Emacs style key escapes can be used, as in the following example. .sp .RS "\eC\-u": universal\-argument .br "\eC\-x\eC\-r": re\-read\-init\-file .br "\ee[11~": "Function Key 1" .RE .PP In this example, .I C-u is again bound to the function .BR universal\-argument . .I "C-x C-r" is bound to the function .BR re\-read\-init\-file , and .I "ESC [ 1 1 ~" is bound to insert the text .BR "Function Key 1" . The full set of escape sequences is .RS .TP .B \eC- control prefix .TP .B \eM- meta prefix .TP .B \ee an escape character .TP .B \e\e backslash .TP .B \e" literal " .TP .B \e' literal ' .RE .PP When entering the text of a macro, single or double quotes should be used to indicate a macro definition. Unquoted text is assumed to be a function name. Backslash will quote any character in the macro text, including " and '. .PP .B Bash allows the current readline key bindings to be displayed or modified with the .B bind builtin command. The editing mode may be switched during interactive use by using the .B \-o option to the .B set builtin command. Other programs using this library provide similar mechanisms. The .I inputrc file may be edited and re\-read if a program does not provide any other means to incorporate new bindings. .SS Variables .PP Readline has variables that can be used to further customize its behavior. A variable may be set in the .I inputrc file with a statement of the form .RS .PP \fBset\fP \fIvariable\-name\fP \fIvalue\fP .RE .PP Except where noted, readline variables can take the values .B On or .BR Off . The variables and their default values are: .PP .PD 0 .TP .B horizontal\-scroll\-mode (Off) When set to \fBOn\fP, makes readline use a single line for display, scrolling the input horizontally on a single screen line when it becomes longer than the screen width rather than wrapping to a new line. .TP .B editing\-mode (emacs) Controls whether readline begins with a set of key bindings similar to \fIemacs\fP or \fIvi\fP. .B editing\-mode can be set to either .B emacs or .BR vi . .TP .B mark\-modified\-lines (Off) If set to \fBOn\fP, history lines that have been modified are displayed with a preceding asterisk (\fB*\fP). .TP .B bell\-style (audible) Controls what happens when readline wants to ring the terminal bell. If set to \fBnone\fP, readline never rings the bell. If set to \fBvisible\fP, readline uses a visible bell if one is available. If set to \fBaudible\fP, readline attempts to ring the terminal's bell. .TP .B comment\-begin (``#'') The string that is inserted in \fBvi\fP mode when the .B vi\-comment command is executed. .TP .B meta\-flag (Off) If set to \fBOn\fP, readline will enable eight-bit input (that is, it will not strip the high bit from the characters it reads), regardless of what the terminal claims it can support. .TP .B convert\-meta (On) If set to \fBOn\fP, readline will convert characters with the eighth bit set to an ASCII key sequence by stripping the eighth bit and prepending an escape character (in effect, using escape as the \fImeta prefix\fP). .TP .B output\-meta (Off) If set to \fBOn\fP, readline will display characters with the eighth bit set directly rather than as a meta-prefixed escape sequence. .TP .B completion\-query\-items (100) This determines when the user is queried about viewing the number of possible completions generated by the \fBpossible\-completions\fP command. It may be set to any integer value greater than or equal to zero. If the number of possible completions is greater than or equal to the value of this variable, the user is asked whether or not he wishes to view them; otherwise they are simply listed on the terminal. .TP .B keymap (emacs) Set the current readline keymap. The set of legal keymap names is \fIemacs, emacs-standard, emacs-meta, emacs-ctlx, vi, vi-move, vi-command\fP, and .IR vi-insert . \fIvi\fP is equivalent to \fIvi-command\fP; \fIemacs\fP is equivalent to \fIemacs-standard\fP. The default value is .IR emacs ; the value of .B editing\-mode also affects the default keymap. .TP .B show\-all\-if\-ambiguous (Off) This alters the default behavior of the completion functions. If set to .BR on , words which have more than one possible completion cause the matches to be listed immediately instead of ringing the bell. .TP .B expand\-tilde (Off) If set to \fBon\fP, tilde expansion is performed when readline attempts word completion. .PD .SS Conditional Constructs .PP Readline implements a facility similar in spirit to the conditional compilation features of the C preprocessor which allows key bindings and variable settings to be performed as the result of tests. There are three parser directives used. .IP \fB$if\fP The .B $if construct allows bindings to be made based on the editing mode, the terminal being used, or the application using readline. The text of the test extends to the end of the line; no characters are required to isolate it. .RS .IP \fBmode\fP The \fBmode=\fP form of the \fB$if\fP directive is used to test whether readline is in emacs or vi mode. This may be used in conjunction with the \fBset keymap\fP command, for instance, to set bindings in the \fIemacs-standard\fP and \fIemacs-ctlx\fP keymaps only if readline is starting out in emacs mode. .IP \fBterm\fP The \fBterm=\fP form may be used to include terminal-specific key bindings, perhaps to bind the key sequences output by the terminal's function keys. The word on the right side of the .B = is tested against the full name of the terminal and the portion of the terminal name before the first \fB\-\fP. This allows .I sun to match both .I sun and .IR sun\-cmd , for instance. .IP \fBapplication\fP The \fBapplication\fP construct is used to include application\-specific settings. Each program using the readline library sets the \fIapplication name\fP, and an initialization file can test for a particular value. This could be used to bind key sequences to functions useful for a specific program. For instance, the following command adds a key sequence that quotes the current or previous word in Bash: .RS .nf \fB$if\fP bash # Quote the current or previous word "\eC-xq": "\eeb\e"\eef\e"" \fB$endif\fP .fi .RE .RE .IP \fB$endif\fP This command, as you saw in the previous example, terminates an \fB$if\fP command. .IP \fB$else\fP Commands in this branch of the \fB$if\fP directive are executed if the test fails. .SH EDITING COMMANDS .PP The following is a list of the names of the commands and the default key sequences to which they are bound. .SS Commands for Moving .PP .PD 0 .TP .B beginning\-of\-line (C\-a) Move to the start of the current line. .TP .B end\-of\-line (C\-e) Move to the end of the line. .TP .B forward\-char (C\-f) Move forward a character. .TP .B backward\-char (C\-b) Move back a character. .TP .B forward\-word (M\-f) Move forward to the end of the next word. Words are composed of alphanumeric characters (letters and digits). .TP .B backward\-word (M\-b) Move back to the start of this, or the previous, word. Words are composed of alphanumeric characters (letters and digits). .TP .B clear\-screen (C\-l) Clear the screen leaving the current line at the top of the screen. With an argument, refresh the current line without clearing the screen. .TP .B redraw\-current\-line Refresh the current line. By default, this is unbound. .PD .SS Commands for Manipulating the History .PP .PD 0 .TP .B accept\-line (Newline, Return) Accept the line regardless of where the cursor is. If this line is non\-empty, add it to the history list. If the line is a modified history line, then restore the history line to its original state. .TP .B previous\-history (C\-p) Fetch the previous command from the history list, moving back in the list. .TP .B next\-history (C\-n) Fetch the next command from the history list, moving forward in the list. .TP .B beginning\-of\-history (M\-<) Move to the first line in the history. .TP .B end\-of\-history (M\->) Move to the end of the input history, i.e., the line currently being entered. .TP .B reverse\-search\-history (C\-r) Search backward starting at the current line and moving `up' through the history as necessary. This is an incremental search. .TP .B forward\-search\-history (C\-s) Search forward starting at the current line and moving `down' through the history as necessary. This is an incremental search. .TP .B non\-incremental\-reverse\-search\-history (M\-p) Search backward through the history starting at the current line using a non\-incremental search for a string supplied by the user. .TP .B non\-incremental\-forward\-search\-history (M\-n) Search forward through the history using a non\-incremental search for a string supplied by the user. .TP .B history\-search\-forward Search forward through the history for the string of characters between the start of the current line and the current point. This is a non-incremental search. By default, this command is unbound. .TP .B history\-search\-backward Search backward through the history for the string of characters between the start of the current line and the current point. This is a non-incremental search. By default, this command is unbound. .TP .B yank\-nth\-arg (M\-C\-y) Insert the first argument to the previous command (usually the second word on the previous line) at point (the current cursor position). With an argument .IR n , insert the \fIn\fPth word from the previous command (the words in the previous command begin with word 0). A negative argument inserts the \fIn\fPth word from the end of the previous command. .TP .B yank\-last\-arg (M\-.\^, M\-_\^) Insert the last argument to the previous command (the last word on the previous line). With an argument, behave exactly like @code{yank-nth-arg}. .PD .SS Commands for Changing Text .PP .PD 0 .TP .B delete\-char (C\-d) Delete the character under the cursor. If point is at the beginning of the line, there are no characters in the line, and the last character typed was not .BR C\-d , then return .SM .BR EOF . .TP .B backward\-delete\-char (Rubout) Delete the character behind the cursor. When given a numeric argument, save the deleted text on the kill\-ring. .TP .B quoted\-insert (C\-q, C\-v) Add the next character that you type to the line verbatim. This is how to insert characters like \fBC\-q\fP, for example. .TP .B tab\-insert (M-TAB) Insert a tab character. .TP .B self\-insert (a,\ b,\ A,\ 1,\ !,\ ...) Insert the character typed. .TP .B transpose\-chars (C\-t) Drag the character before point forward over the character at point. Point moves forward as well. If point is at the end of the line, then transpose the two characters before point. Negative arguments don't work. .TP .B transpose\-words (M\-t) Drag the word behind the cursor past the word in front of the cursor moving the cursor over that word as well. .TP .B upcase\-word (M\-u) Uppercase the current (or following) word. With a negative argument, do the previous word, but do not move point. .TP .B downcase\-word (M\-l) Lowercase the current (or following) word. With a negative argument, do the previous word, but do not move point. .TP .B capitalize\-word (M\-c) Capitalize the current (or following) word. With a negative argument, do the previous word, but do not move point. .PD .SS Killing and Yanking .PP .PD 0 .TP .B kill\-line (C\-k) Kill the text from the current cursor position to the end of the line. .TP .B backward\-kill\-line (C\-x Rubout) Kill backward to the beginning of the line. .TP .B unix\-line\-discard (C\-u) Kill backward from point to the beginning of the line. .\" There is no real difference between this and backward-kill-line .TP .B kill\-whole\-line Kill all characters on the current line, no matter where the cursor is. By default, this is unbound. .TP .B kill\-word (M\-d) Kill from the cursor to the end of the current word, or if between words, to the end of the next word. Word boundaries are the same as those used by \fBforward\-word\fP. .TP .B backward\-kill\-word (M\-Rubout) Kill the word behind the cursor. Word boundaries are the same as those used by \fBbackward\-word\fP. .TP .B unix\-word\-rubout (C\-w) Kill the word behind the cursor, using white space as a word boundary. The word boundaries are different from .BR backward\-kill\-word . .TP .B delete\-horizontal\-space Delete all spaces and tabs around point. By default, this is unbound. .TP .B yank (C\-y) Yank the top of the kill ring into the buffer at the cursor. .TP .B yank\-pop (M\-y) Rotate the kill\-ring, and yank the new top. Only works following .B yank or .BR yank\-pop . .PD .SS Numeric Arguments .PP .PD 0 .TP .B digit\-argument (M\-0, M\-1, ..., M\-\-) Add this digit to the argument already accumulating, or start a new argument. M\-\- starts a negative argument. .TP .B universal\-argument Each time this is executed, the argument count is multiplied by four. The argument count is initially one, so executing this function the first time makes the argument count four. By default, this is not bound to a key. .PD .SS Completing .PP .PD 0 .TP .B complete (TAB) Attempt to perform completion on the text before point. The actual completion performed is application-specific. .BR Bash , for instance, attempts completion treating the text as a variable (if the text begins with \fB$\fP), username (if the text begins with \fB~\fP), hostname (if the text begins with \fB@\fP), or command (including aliases and functions) in turn. If none of these produces a match, filename completion is attempted. .BR Gdb , on the other hand, allows completion of program functions and variables, and only attempts filename completion under certain circumstances. .TP .B possible\-completions (M-?) List the possible completions of the text before point. .TP .B insert\-completions Insert all completions of the text before point that would have been generated by \fBpossible\-completions\fP. By default, this is not bound to a key. .PD .SS Keyboard Macros .PP .PD 0 .TP .B start\-kbd\-macro (C-x (\^) Begin saving the characters typed into the current keyboard macro. .TP .B end\-kbd\-macro (C-x )\^) Stop saving the characters typed into the current keyboard macro and save the definition. .TP .B call\-last\-kbd\-macro (C-x e) Re-execute the last keyboard macro defined, by making the characters in the macro appear as if typed at the keyboard. .PD .SS Miscellaneous .PP .PD 0 .TP .B re-read-init-file (C\-x C\-r) Read in the contents of your init file, and incorporate any bindings or variable assignments found there. .TP .B abort (C\-g) Abort the current editing command and ring the terminal's bell (subject to the setting of .BR bell\-style ). .TP .B do\-uppercase\-version (M\-a, M\-b, ...) Run the command that is bound to the corresponding uppercase character. .TP .B prefix\-meta (ESC) Metafy the next character typed. .SM .B ESC .B f is equivalent to .BR Meta\-f . .TP .B undo (C\-_, C\-x C\-u) Incremental undo, separately remembered for each line. .TP .B revert\-line (M\-r) Undo all changes made to this line. This is like typing the .B undo command enough times to return the line to its initial state. .TP .B tilde\-expand (M\-~) Perform tilde expansion on the current word. .TP .B dump\-functions Print all of the functions and their key bindings to the readline output stream. If a numeric argument is supplied, the output is formatted in such a way that it can be made part of an \fIinputrc\fP file. .TP .B emacs\-editing\-mode (C\-e) When in .B vi editing mode, this causes a switch to .B emacs editing mode. .TP .B vi\-editing\-mode (M\-C\-j) When in .B emacs editing mode, this causes a switch to .B vi editing mode. .PD .SH DEFAULT KEY BINDINGS .LP The following is a list of the default emacs and vi bindings. Characters with the 8th bit set are written as M-, and are referred to as .I metafied characters. The printable ASCII characters not mentioned in the list of emacs standard bindings are bound to the .I self\-insert function, which just inserts the given character into the input line. In vi insertion mode, all characters not specifically mentioned are bound to .IR self\-insert . Characters assigned to signal generation by .IR stty (1) or the terminal driver, such as C-Z or C-C, retain that function. Upper and lower case .I metafied characters are bound to the same function in the emacs mode meta keymap. The remaining characters are unbound, which causes readline to ring the bell (subject to the setting of the .B bell\-style variable). .SS Emacs Mode .RS +.6i .nf .ta 2.5i .sp Emacs Standard bindings .sp "C-A" -> beginning-of-line "C-B" -> backward-char "C-D" -> delete-char "C-E" -> end-of-line "C-F" -> forward-char "C-G" -> abort "C-H" -> backward-delete-char "C-I" -> complete "C-J" -> accept-line "C-K" -> kill-line "C-L" -> clear-screen "C-M" -> accept-line "C-N" -> next-history "C-P" -> previous-history "C-Q" -> quoted-insert "C-R" -> reverse-search-history "C-S" -> forward-search-history "C-T" -> transpose-chars "C-U" -> unix-line-discard "C-V" -> quoted-insert "C-W" -> unix-word-rubout "C-Y" -> yank "C-_" -> undo "\^ " to "/" -> self-insert "0" to "9" -> self-insert ":" to "~" -> self-insert "C-?" -> backward-delete-char .PP Emacs Meta bindings .sp "M-C-H" -> backward-kill-word "M-C-I" -> tab-insert "M-C-J" -> vi-editing-mode "M-C-M" -> vi-editing-mode "M-C-R" -> revert-line "M-C-Y" -> yank-nth-arg "M-C-[" -> complete "M-&" -> tilde-expand "M--" -> digit-argument "M-0" -> digit-argument "M-1" -> digit-argument "M-2" -> digit-argument "M-3" -> digit-argument "M-4" -> digit-argument "M-5" -> digit-argument "M-6" -> digit-argument "M-7" -> digit-argument "M-8" -> digit-argument "M-9" -> digit-argument "M-<" -> beginning-of-history "M->" -> end-of-history "M-?" -> possible-completions "M-B" -> backward-word "M-C" -> capitalize-word "M-D" -> kill-word "M-F" -> forward-word "M-L" -> downcase-word "M-N" -> non-incremental-forward-search-history "M-O" -> arrow-key-prefix "M-P" -> non-incremental-reverse-search-history "M-R" -> revert-line "M-T" -> transpose-words "M-U" -> upcase-word "M-Y" -> yank-pop "M-C-Y" -> yank-nth-arg "M-C-?" -> backward-delete-word .PP Emacs Control-X bindings .sp "C-XC-G" -> abort "C-XC-R" -> re-read-init-file "C-XC-U" -> undo "C-X(" -> start-kbd-macro "C-X)" -> end-kbd-macro "C-Xe" -> call-last-kbd-macro "C-XC-?" -> backward-kill-line .sp .RE .SS VI Mode bindings .RS +.6i .nf .ta 2.5i .sp .PP VI Insert Mode functions .sp "C-D" -> vi-eof-maybe "C-H" -> backward-delete-char "C-I" -> complete "C-J" -> accept-line "C-K" -> kill-line "C-L" -> clear-screen "C-M" -> accept-line "C-N" -> next-history "C-P" -> previous-history "C-Q" -> quoted-insert "C-R" -> reverse-search-history "C-S" -> forward-search-history "C-T" -> transpose-chars "C-U" -> unix-line-discard "C-V" -> quoted-insert "C-W" -> unix-word-rubout "C-Y" -> yank "C-[" -> vi-movement-mode "\^ " to "~" -> self-insert "C-?" -> backward-delete-char .PP VI Command Mode functions .sp "C-D" -> vi-eof-maybe "C-E" -> emacs-editing-mode "C-G" -> abort "C-H" -> backward-char "C-J" -> accept-line "C-K" -> kill-line "C-L" -> clear-screen "C-M" -> accept-line "C-N" -> next-history "C-P" -> previous-history "C-Q" -> quoted-insert "C-R" -> reverse-search-history "C-S" -> forward-search-history "C-T" -> transpose-chars "C-U" -> unix-line-discard "C-V" -> quoted-insert "C-W" -> unix-word-rubout "C-Y" -> yank "C-[" -> abort "\^ " -> forward-char "#" -> vi-comment "$" -> end-of-line "%" -> vi-match "&" -> vi-tilde-expand "*" -> vi-complete "+" -> down-history "," -> vi-char-search "-" -> previous-history "." -> vi-redo "/" -> vi-search "0" -> beginning-of-line "1" to "9" -> vi-arg-digit ";" -> vi-char-search "=" -> vi-complete "?" -> vi-search "@" -> is undefined "A" -> vi-append-eol "B" -> vi-prev-word "C" -> vi-change-to "D" -> vi-delete-to "E" -> vi-end-word "F" -> vi-char-search "I" -> vi-insert-beg "N" -> vi-search-again "P" -> vi-put "R" -> vi-replace "S" -> vi-subst "T" -> vi-char-search "U" -> revert-line "W" -> vi-next-word "X" -> backward-delete-char "Y" -> vi-yank-to "\e" -> vi-complete "^" -> vi-first-print "_" -> vi-yank-arg "a" -> vi-append-mode "b" -> vi-prev-word "c" -> vi-change-to "d" -> vi-delete-to "e" -> vi-end-word "f" -> vi-char-search "h" -> backward-char "i" -> vi-insertion-mode "j" -> next-history "k" -> prev-history "l" -> forward-char "n" -> vi-search-again "r" -> vi-change-char "s" -> vi-subst "t" -> vi-char-search "u" -> undo "w" -> vi-next-word "x" -> vi-delete "y" -> vi-yank-to "|" -> vi-column "~" -> vi-change-case .RE .SH "SEE ALSO" .PD 0 .TP \fIThe Gnu Readline Library\fP, Brian Fox and Chet Ramey .TP \fIThe Gnu History Library\fP, Brian Fox and Chet Ramey .TP \fIbash\fP(1) .PD .SH FILES .PD 0 .TP .FN ~/.inputrc Individual \fBreadline\fP initialization file .PD .SH AUTHORS .RS Brian Fox, Free Software Foundation (primary author) .br bfox@ai.MIT.Edu .PP Chet Ramey, Case Western Reserve University .br chet@ins.CWRU.Edu .SH BUG REPORTS If you find a bug in .B readline, you should report it. But first, you should make sure that it really is a bug, and that it appears in the latest version of the .B readline library that you have. .PP Once you have determined that a bug actually exists, mail a bug report to \fIbash\-maintainers\fP@\fIprep.ai.MIT.Edu\fP. If you have a fix, you are welcome to mail that as well! Suggestions and `philosophical' bug reports may be mailed to \fPbug-bash\fP@\fIprep.ai.MIT.Edu\fP or posted to the Usenet newsgroup .BR gnu.bash.bug . .PP Comments and bug reports concerning this manual page should be directed to .IR chet@ins.CWRU.Edu . .SH BUGS .PP It's too big and too slow. bash-1.14.3/documentation/readline.ps 664 436 0 176030 5615272672 15736 0ustar chetwheel%!PS-Adobe-3.0 %%Creator: groff version 1.08 %%DocumentNeededResources: font Times-Roman %%+ font Times-Bold %%+ font Times-Italic %%DocumentSuppliedResources: procset grops 1.08 0 %%Pages: 12 %%PageOrder: Ascend %%Orientation: Portrait %%EndComments %%BeginProlog %%BeginResource: procset grops 1.08 0 /setpacking where{ pop currentpacking true setpacking }if /grops 120 dict dup begin /SC 32 def /A/show load def /B{0 SC 3 -1 roll widthshow}bind def /C{0 exch ashow}bind def /D{0 exch 0 SC 5 2 roll awidthshow}bind def /E{0 rmoveto show}bind def /F{0 rmoveto 0 SC 3 -1 roll widthshow}bind def /G{0 rmoveto 0 exch ashow}bind def /H{0 rmoveto 0 exch 0 SC 5 2 roll awidthshow}bind def /I{0 exch rmoveto show}bind def /J{0 exch rmoveto 0 SC 3 -1 roll widthshow}bind def /K{0 exch rmoveto 0 exch ashow}bind def /L{0 exch rmoveto 0 exch 0 SC 5 2 roll awidthshow}bind def /M{rmoveto show}bind def /N{rmoveto 0 SC 3 -1 roll widthshow}bind def /O{rmoveto 0 exch ashow}bind def /P{rmoveto 0 exch 0 SC 5 2 roll awidthshow}bind def /Q{moveto show}bind def /R{moveto 0 SC 3 -1 roll widthshow}bind def /S{moveto 0 exch ashow}bind def /T{moveto 0 exch 0 SC 5 2 roll awidthshow}bind def /SF{ findfont exch [exch dup 0 exch 0 exch neg 0 0]makefont dup setfont [exch/setfont cvx]cvx bind def }bind def /MF{ findfont [5 2 roll 0 3 1 roll neg 0 0]makefont dup setfont [exch/setfont cvx]cvx bind def }bind def /level0 0 def /RES 0 def /PL 0 def /LS 0 def /PLG{ gsave newpath clippath pathbbox grestore exch pop add exch pop }bind def /BP{ /level0 save def 1 setlinecap 1 setlinejoin 72 RES div dup scale LS{ 90 rotate }{ 0 PL translate }ifelse 1 -1 scale }bind def /EP{ level0 restore showpage }bind def /DA{ newpath arcn stroke }bind def /SN{ transform .25 sub exch .25 sub exch round .25 add exch round .25 add exch itransform }bind def /DL{ SN moveto SN lineto stroke }bind def /DC{ newpath 0 360 arc closepath }bind def /TM matrix def /DE{ TM currentmatrix pop translate scale newpath 0 0 .5 0 360 arc closepath TM setmatrix }bind def /RC/rcurveto load def /RL/rlineto load def /ST/stroke load def /MT/moveto load def /CL/closepath load def /FL{ currentgray exch setgray fill setgray }bind def /BL/fill load def /LW/setlinewidth load def /RE{ findfont dup maxlength 1 index/FontName known not{1 add}if dict begin { 1 index/FID ne{def}{pop pop}ifelse }forall /Encoding exch def dup/FontName exch def currentdict end definefont pop }bind def /DEFS 0 def /EBEGIN{ moveto DEFS begin }bind def /EEND/end load def /CNT 0 def /level1 0 def /PBEGIN{ /level1 save def translate div 3 1 roll div exch scale neg exch neg exch translate 0 setgray 0 setlinecap 1 setlinewidth 0 setlinejoin 10 setmiterlimit []0 setdash /setstrokeadjust where{ pop false setstrokeadjust }if /setoverprint where{ pop false setoverprint }if newpath /CNT countdictstack def userdict begin /showpage{}def }bind def /PEND{ clear countdictstack CNT sub{end}repeat level1 restore }bind def end def /setpacking where{ pop setpacking }if %%EndResource %%IncludeResource: font Times-Roman %%IncludeResource: font Times-Bold %%IncludeResource: font Times-Italic grops begin/DEFS 1 dict def DEFS begin/u{.001 mul}bind def end/RES 72 def/PL 792 def/LS false def/ENC0[/asciicircum/asciitilde/Scaron/Zcaron/scaron/zcaron /Ydieresis/trademark/quotesingle/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef /.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef /.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/space /exclam/quotedbl/numbersign/dollar/percent/ampersand/quoteright/parenleft /parenright/asterisk/plus/comma/hyphen/period/slash/zero/one/two/three/four /five/six/seven/eight/nine/colon/semicolon/less/equal/greater/question/at/A/B/C /D/E/F/G/H/I/J/K/L/M/N/O/P/Q/R/S/T/U/V/W/X/Y/Z/bracketleft/backslash /bracketright/circumflex/underscore/quoteleft/a/b/c/d/e/f/g/h/i/j/k/l/m/n/o/p/q /r/s/t/u/v/w/x/y/z/braceleft/bar/braceright/tilde/.notdef/quotesinglbase /guillemotleft/guillemotright/bullet/florin/fraction/perthousand/dagger /daggerdbl/endash/emdash/ff/fi/fl/ffi/ffl/dotlessi/dotlessj/grave/hungarumlaut /dotaccent/breve/caron/ring/ogonek/quotedblleft/quotedblright/oe/lslash /quotedblbase/OE/Lslash/.notdef/exclamdown/cent/sterling/currency/yen/brokenbar /section/dieresis/copyright/ordfeminine/guilsinglleft/logicalnot/minus /registered/macron/degree/plusminus/twosuperior/threesuperior/acute/mu /paragraph/periodcentered/cedilla/onesuperior/ordmasculine/guilsinglright /onequarter/onehalf/threequarters/questiondown/Agrave/Aacute/Acircumflex/Atilde /Adieresis/Aring/AE/Ccedilla/Egrave/Eacute/Ecircumflex/Edieresis/Igrave/Iacute /Icircumflex/Idieresis/Eth/Ntilde/Ograve/Oacute/Ocircumflex/Otilde/Odieresis /multiply/Oslash/Ugrave/Uacute/Ucircumflex/Udieresis/Yacute/Thorn/germandbls /agrave/aacute/acircumflex/atilde/adieresis/aring/ae/ccedilla/egrave/eacute /ecircumflex/edieresis/igrave/iacute/icircumflex/idieresis/eth/ntilde/ograve /oacute/ocircumflex/otilde/odieresis/divide/oslash/ugrave/uacute/ucircumflex /udieresis/yacute/thorn/ydieresis]def/Times-Italic@0 ENC0/Times-Italic RE /Times-Bold@0 ENC0/Times-Bold RE/Times-Roman@0 ENC0/Times-Roman RE %%EndProlog %%Page: 1 1 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF 342.2(READLINE\(3\) READLINE\(3\))72 48 R/F1 9 /Times-Bold@0 SF -.18(NA)72 84 S(ME).18 E F0 (readline \255 get a line from a user with editing)108 96 Q F1(SYNOPSIS)72 112.8 Q/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(#include )-.18 E (#include )-.7 E(typedef int Function \(\);)108 153.6 Q (char *r)108 170.4 Q(eadline \(pr)-.18 E(ompt\))-.18 E(char *pr)108 182.4 Q (ompt;)-.18 E(int rl_add_defun \(name, function, k)108 199.2 Q(ey\))-.1 E (char *name;)108 211.2 Q(Function *function;)108 223.2 Q(int k)108 235.2 Q(ey;) -.1 E(int rl_bind_k)108 252 Q(ey \(k)-.1 E(ey)-.1 E 2.5(,f)-.55 G(unction\)) 202.26 252 Q(int k)108 264 Q(ey;)-.1 E(Function *function;)108 276 Q (int rl_unbind_k)108 292.8 Q(ey \(k)-.1 E(ey\))-.1 E(int k)108 304.8 Q(ey;)-.1 E(int rl_bind_k)108 321.6 Q(ey_in_map \(k)-.1 E(ey)-.1 E 2.5(,f)-.55 G (unction, k)239.49 321.6 Q(eymap\))-.1 E(int k)108 333.6 Q(ey;)-.1 E (Function *function;)108 345.6 Q -.25(Ke)108 357.6 S(ymap k).25 E(eymap;)-.1 E (int rl_unbind_k)108 374.4 Q(ey_in_map \(k)-.1 E(ey)-.1 E 2.5(,k)-.55 G (eymap\))252.74 374.4 Q(int k)108 386.4 Q(ey;)-.1 E -.25(Ke)108 398.4 S(ymap k) .25 E(eymap;)-.1 E(int rl_macr)108 415.2 Q(o_bind \(k)-.18 E(eyseq, macr)-.1 E (o, k)-.18 E(eymap\))-.1 E(char *k)108 427.2 Q(eyseq, *macr)-.1 E(o;)-.18 E -.25(Ke)108 439.2 S(ymap k).25 E(eymap;)-.1 E(int rl_v)108 456 Q (ariable_bind \(v)-.1 E(ariable, v)-.1 E(alue\))-.1 E(char *v)108 468 Q (ariable, *v)-.1 E(alue;)-.1 E(int rl_parse_and_bind \(line\))108 489.6 Q (char *line;)108 501.6 Q(int rl_translate_k)108 518.4 Q(eyseq \(k)-.1 E (eyseq, array)-.1 E 2.5(,l)-.55 G(en\))276.68 518.4 Q(char *k)108 530.4 Q (eyseq, *array;)-.1 E(int *len;)108 542.4 Q (Function *rl_named_function \(command\))108 559.2 Q(char *command;)108 571.2 Q (Function *rl_function_of_k)108 588 Q(eyseq \(k)-.1 E(eyseq, k)-.1 E (eymap, type\))-.1 E(char *k)108 600 Q(eyseq;)-.1 E -.25(Ke)108 612 S(ymap k) .25 E(eymap;)-.1 E(int *type;)108 624 Q(char **rl_in)108 640.8 Q -.1(vo)-.4 G (king_k).1 E(eyseqs \(function\))-.1 E(Function *function;)108 652.8 Q (char **rl_in)108 669.6 Q -.1(vo)-.4 G(king_k).1 E(eyseqs_in_map \(function, k) -.1 E(eymap\))-.1 E(Function *function;)108 681.6 Q -.25(Ke)108 693.6 S(ymap k) .25 E(eymap;)-.1 E -.1(vo)108 710.4 S(id rl_function_dumper \(r).1 E(eadable\)) -.18 E(int r)108 722.4 Q(eadable;)-.18 E F0 184.005(GNU 1994)72 768 R(July 26) 2.5 E(1)535 768 Q EP %%Page: 2 2 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF 342.2(READLINE\(3\) READLINE\(3\))72 48 R/F1 10 /Times-Bold@0 SF(char **rl_funmap_names \(\))108 84 Q/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF (COPYRIGHT)72 100.8 Q F0(Readline is Cop)108 112.8 Q (yright \251 1989, 1991 by the Free Softw)-.1 E(are F)-.1 E(oundation, Inc.) -.15 E F2(DESCRIPTION)72 129.6 Q F1 -.18(re)108 141.6 S(adline).18 E F0 .49 (will read a line from the terminal and return it, using)2.99 F F1(pr)2.99 E (ompt)-.18 E F0 .49(as a prompt.)2.99 F(If)5.49 E F1(pr)2.99 E(ompt)-.18 E F0 .49(is null, no)2.99 F 1.066(prompt is issued.)108 153.6 R 1.066 (The line returned is allocated with)6.066 F/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(malloc) 3.566 E F0 1.067(\(3\), so the caller must free it when \214nished.).31 F (The line returned has the \214nal ne)108 165.6 Q(wline remo)-.25 E -.15(ve) -.15 G(d, so only the te).15 E(xt of the line remains.)-.15 E F1 -.18(re)108 182.4 S(adline).18 E F0(of)3.79 E 1.29 (fers editing capabilities while the user is entering the line.)-.25 F 1.289 (By def)6.289 F 1.289(ault, the line editing com-)-.1 F (mands are similar to those of emacs.)108 194.4 Q 2.5(Av)5 G (i\255style line editing interf)273.53 194.4 Q(ace is also a)-.1 E -.25(va)-.2 G(ilable.).25 E 6.74(In the follo)108 211.2 R 6.74(wing descriptions,)-.25 F F1 -.1(ke)9.24 G(ymap).1 E F0 6.74(can be one of)9.24 F F3(emacs_k)9.24 E -.3(ey) -.1 G 6.74(map, emacs_meta_k).3 F -.3(ey)-.1 G(map,).3 E(emacs_ctlx_k)108 223.2 Q -.3(ey)-.1 G(map, vi_insertion_k).3 E -.3(ey)-.1 G(map, or vi_mo).3 E (vement_k)-.1 E -.3(ey)-.1 G(map).3 E F0(.)A F1(rl_add_defun)108 240 Q F0(mak) 3.356 E(es)-.1 E F1(name)3.356 E F0 .856 (appear as a bindable readline command, and mak)3.356 F(es)-.1 E F1(function) 3.355 E F0 .855(be the function)3.355 F(called when that command is in)108 252 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.5(d. If).1 F F1 -.1(ke)2.5 G(y).1 E F0 (is not \2551, it is bound to)2.5 E F1(function)2.5 E F0(in the current k)2.5 E -.15(ey)-.1 G(map.).15 E F1(rl_bind_k)108 268.8 Q(ey)-.1 E F0(causes)2.5 E F1 -.1(ke)2.5 G(y).1 E F0(to in)2.5 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G F1(function)2.6 E F0 5(.T)C(he binding is made in the current k)296.55 268.8 Q -.15(ey)-.1 G (map.).15 E F1(rl_unbind_k)108 285.6 Q(ey)-.1 E F0(remo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(st).15 G(he binding for)212.06 285.6 Q F1 -.1(ke)2.5 G(y).1 E F0 (in the current k)2.5 E -.15(ey)-.1 G(map.).15 E F1(rl_bind_k)108 302.4 Q (ey_in_map)-.1 E F0(mak)2.5 E(es the)-.1 E F1 -.1(ke)2.5 G(y).1 E F0(entry in) 2.5 E F1 -.1(ke)2.5 G(ymap).1 E F0(in)2.5 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G F1 (function)2.6 E F0(.)A F1(rl_unbind_k)108 319.2 Q(ey_in_map)-.1 E F0(remo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(st).15 G(he binding for)249.29 319.2 Q F1 -.1(ke)2.5 G(y).1 E F0(in k)2.5 E -.15(ey)-.1 G(map).15 E F1 -.1(ke)2.5 G(ymap).1 E F0(.)A F1 (rl_macr)108 336 Q(o_bind)-.18 E F0(mak)2.5 E(es)-.1 E F1 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq).1 E F0(insert the string)2.5 E F1(macr)2.5 E(o)-.18 E F0 5(.T)C (he binding is performed in)338.81 336 Q F1 -.1(ke)2.5 G(ymap).1 E F0(.)A F1 (rl_v)108 352.8 Q(ariable_bind)-.1 E F0(sets the v)2.5 E (alue of the readline v)-.25 E(ariable)-.25 E F1 -.1(va)2.5 G(riable).1 E F0 (to)2.5 E F1 -.1(va)2.5 G(lue).1 E F0(.)A F1(rl_parse_and_bind)108 369.6 Q F0 (tak)2.806 E .307(es as an ar)-.1 F .307 (gument a line of the same form as the readline startup \214le \(see)-.18 F F2 (INITIAL-)2.807 E(IZA)108 381.6 Q(TION FILE)-.855 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\) and e) -.25 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cutes the commands therein.).15 E F1(rl_translate_k)108 398.4 Q(eyseq)-.1 E F0(con)2.975 E -.15(ve)-.4 G(rts).15 E F1 -.1(ke)2.975 G (yseq).1 E F0 .475(into a ne)2.975 F 2.975(ws)-.25 G .475 (tring, storing the result in)312.05 398.4 R F1(array)2.975 E F0 5.475(.T)C .475(his translates control)456.28 398.4 R .337(and meta pre\214x)108 410.4 R .337(es and the readline character escape sequences \(see)-.15 F F2 -.225(Ke) 2.837 G 2.587(yB).225 G(indings)404.423 410.4 Q F0(belo)2.588 E 2.838(w\). The) -.25 F .338(length of the)2.838 F(translated sequence is returned in)108 422.4 Q F1(*len)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(rl_named_function)108 439.2 Q F0 2.974 (returns the function that is e)5.474 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.973 (cuted when the readline command).15 F F1(command)5.473 E F0(is)5.473 E(in)108 451.2 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d.).1 E F1(rl_function_of_k)108 468 Q(eyseq) -.1 E F0 .801(returns the function that is e)3.301 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .801 (cuted when).15 F F1 -.1(ke)3.301 G(yseq).1 E F0 .801(is read and)3.301 F F1 -.1(ke)3.302 G(ymap).1 E F0 .802(is the cur)3.302 F(-)-.2 E .267(rent k)108 480 R -.15(ey)-.1 G(map.).15 E F1(type)5.267 E F0 .267 (is set to indicate whether the return v)2.767 F .266 (alue corresponds to a function, macro, or auxiliary)-.25 F -.1(ke)108 492 S (ymap.)-.05 E F1(rl_in)108 508.8 Q -.1(vo)-.4 G(king_k).1 E(eyseqs)-.1 E F0 (returns all of the k)2.5 E .3 -.15(ey s)-.1 H(equences in the current k).15 E -.15(ey)-.1 G(map that in).15 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G F1(function)2.6 E F0 (.)A F1(rl_in)108 525.6 Q -.1(vo)-.4 G(king_k).1 E(eyseqs_in_map)-.1 E F0 (returns all of the k)2.5 E .3 -.15(ey s)-.1 H(equences in).15 E F1 -.1(ke)2.5 G(ymap).1 E F0(that in)2.5 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G F1(function)2.6 E F0(.)A F1(rl_function_dumper)108 542.4 Q F0 .117(prints all of the readline functions\ and their bindings to the readline output stream.)2.617 F(If)5.118 E F1 -.18 (re)108 554.4 S(adable).18 E F0(is non\255zero, the output is formattted so th\ at it can be read back in to restore the bindings.)2.5 E F1(rl_funmap_names)108 571.2 Q F0(returns an array of all kno)2.5 E (wn readline bindable function names.)-.25 E(The array is sorted.)5 E F2 (RETURN V)72 588 Q(ALUE)-1.215 E F1 -.18(re)108 600 S(adline).18 E F0 1.09 (returns the te)3.59 F 1.09(xt of the line read.)-.15 F 3.589(Ab)6.09 G 1.089 (lank line returns the empty string.)299.949 600 R(If)6.089 E F1(EOF)3.589 E F0 1.089(is encountered)3.589 F .283(while reading a line, and the line is empty) 108 612 R(,)-.65 E F1(NULL)2.783 E F0 .283(is returned.)2.783 F .283(If an) 5.283 F F1(EOF)2.783 E F0 .283(is read with a non\255empty line, it)2.783 F (is treated as a ne)108 624 Q(wline.)-.25 E(Unless otherwise stated, the other\ functions return 0 on success and non\255zero on f)108 640.8 Q(ailure.)-.1 E F2(NO)72 657.6 Q -.81(TA)-.36 G(TION)-.045 E F0 .037 (An emacs\255style notation is used to denote k)108 669.6 R -.15(ey)-.1 G (strok).15 E 2.536(es. Control)-.1 F -.1(ke)2.536 G .036 (ys are denoted by C\255)-.05 F F3 -.1(ke)C(y)-.2 E F0 2.536(,e)C .036 (.g., C\255n means)479.568 669.6 R 2.625(Control\255N. Similarly)108 681.6 R(,) -.65 E F3(meta)2.625 E F0 -.1(ke)2.625 G .125(ys are denoted by M\255)-.05 F F3 -.1(ke)C(y)-.2 E F0 2.625(,s)C 2.625(oM)341.73 681.6 S .125 (\255x means Meta\255X.)358.245 681.6 R .126(\(On k)5.126 F -.15(ey)-.1 G .126 (boards without a).15 F F3(meta)108 693.6 Q F0 -.1(ke)3.309 G 2.109 -.65(y, M) -.05 H.65 E F3(x)A F0 .809(means ESC)3.309 F F3(x)3.309 E F0 3.309(,i)C .809(.e., press the Escape k)235.914 693.6 R 1.108 -.15(ey t)-.1 H .808 (hen the).15 F F3(x)3.308 E F0 -.1(ke)3.308 G 4.608 -.65(y. T)-.05 H .808 (his mak).65 F .808(es ESC the)-.1 F F3 .808(meta pr)3.308 F(e\214x)-.37 E F0 (.)A .48(The combination M\255C\255)108 705.6 R F3(x)A F0 .48 (means ESC\255Control\255)2.98 F F3(x)A F0 2.98(,o)C 2.98(rp)317.4 705.6 S .48 (ress the Escape k)328.71 705.6 R .78 -.15(ey t)-.1 H .48 (hen hold the Control k).15 F .78 -.15(ey w)-.1 H(hile).15 E(pressing the)108 717.6 Q F3(x)2.5 E F0 -.1(ke)2.5 G -.65(y.)-.05 G(\)).65 E 184.005(GNU 1994)72 768 R(July 26)2.5 E(2)535 768 Q EP %%Page: 3 3 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF 342.2(READLINE\(3\) READLINE\(3\))72 48 R .62 (Readline commands may be gi)108 84 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.119(nn).15 G(umeric) 255.959 84 Q/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(ar)3.119 E(guments)-.37 E F0 3.119(,w).27 G .619(hich normally act as a repeat count.)341.807 84 R(Sometimes,)5.619 E(ho) 108 96 Q(we)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.418 -.4(r, i).15 H 3.118(ti).4 G 3.119(st) 158.456 96 S .619(he sign of the ar)168.245 96 R .619 (gument that is signi\214cant.)-.18 F -.15(Pa)5.619 G .619(ssing a ne).15 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .919 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G .619 (ument to a command that).18 F 1.019(acts in the forw)108 108 R 1.018 (ard direction \(e.g.,)-.1 F/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(kill\255line)3.518 E F0 3.518(\)c)C 1.018(auses that command to act in a backw)298.478 108 R 1.018 (ard direction.)-.1 F(Com-)6.018 E(mands whose beha)108 120 Q(vior with ar)-.2 E(guments de)-.18 E(viates from this are noted.)-.25 E .811 (When a command is described as)108 136.8 R F1(killing)3.311 E F0(te)3.311 E .811(xt, the te)-.15 F .811(xt deleted is sa)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.311(df).15 G .812(or possible future retrie)403.403 136.8 R -.25(va)-.25 G 3.312(l\().25 G F1(yank-)517.79 136.8 Q(ing)108 148.8 Q F0 3.439(\). The)B .939(killed te)3.439 F .939(xt is sa)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.439(di).15 G 3.438(na)234.794 148.8 S F1 (kill\255ring)A F0 5.938(.C)C(onsecuti)302.418 148.8 Q 1.238 -.15(ve k)-.25 H .938(ills cause the te).15 F .938(xt to be accumulated into one)-.15 F .331 (unit, which can be yank)108 160.8 R .331(ed all at once.)-.1 F .331 (Commands which do not kill te)5.331 F .331(xt separate the chunks of te)-.15 F .331(xt on the)-.15 F(kill\255ring.)108 172.8 Q/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF (INITIALIZA)72 189.6 Q(TION FILE)-.855 E F0 .827 (Readline is customized by putting commands in an initialization \214le.)108 201.6 R .827(The name of this \214le is tak)5.827 F .827(en from)-.1 F 1.041 (the v)108 213.6 R 1.041(alue of the)-.25 F F2(INPUTRC)3.541 E F0 -.25(va)3.542 G 3.542(riable. If).25 F 1.042(that v)3.542 F 1.042(ariable is unset, the def) -.25 F 1.042(ault is)-.1 F F1(~/.inputr)3.542 E(c)-.37 E F0 6.042(.W).31 G 1.042(hen a program)480.156 213.6 R 1.159 (which uses the readline library starts up, the init \214le is read, and the k) 108 225.6 R 1.458 -.15(ey b)-.1 H 1.158(indings and v).15 F 1.158 (ariables are set.)-.25 F .028(There are only a fe)108 237.6 R 2.528(wb)-.25 G .028(asic constructs allo)198.13 237.6 R .028(wed in the readline init \214le.) -.25 F .029(Blank lines are ignored.)5.029 F .029(Lines be)5.029 F(gin-)-.15 E .554(ning with a)108 249.6 R F2(#)3.054 E F0 .554(are comments.)3.054 F .554 (Lines be)5.554 F .554(ginning with a)-.15 F F2($)3.054 E F0 .554 (indicate conditional constructs.)3.054 F .553(Other lines denote)5.553 F -.1 (ke)108 261.6 S 2.986(yb)-.05 G .486(indings and v)130.176 261.6 R .487 (ariable settings.)-.25 F .487(Each program using this library may add its o) 5.487 F .487(wn commands and bind-)-.25 F(ings.)108 273.6 Q -.15(Fo)108 290.4 S 2.5(re).15 G(xample, placing)128.53 290.4 Q(M\255Control\255u: uni)144 307.2 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(rsal\255ar).15 E(gument)-.18 E(or)108 319.2 Q (C\255Meta\255u: uni)144 331.2 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(rsal\255ar).15 E(gument)-.18 E (into the)108 343.2 Q F1(~/.inputr)4.166 E(c)-.37 E F0 -.1(wo)4.166 G(uld mak) .1 E 2.5(eM)-.1 G(\255C\255u e)244.092 343.2 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G (cute the readline command).15 E F1(univer)2.5 E(sal\255ar)-.1 E(gument)-.37 E F0(.).68 E .978(The follo)108 360 R .978 (wing symbolic character names are recognized while processing k)-.25 F 1.277 -.15(ey b)-.1 H(indings:).15 E F1 -.4(RU)3.477 G(BOUT).4 E F0(,)1.27 E F1(DEL) 3.477 E F0(,).53 E F1(ESC)108 372 Q F0(,).72 E F1(LFD)2.984 E F0(,).28 E F1 (NEWLINE)2.984 E F0(,).73 E F1(RET)2.984 E F0(,)1.27 E F1(RETURN)2.984 E F0(,) 1.1 E F1(SPC)2.984 E F0(,).72 E F1(SP)2.984 E -.3(AC)-.9 G(E).3 E F0 2.984(,a) .73 G(nd)337.968 372 Q F1 -.5(TA)2.984 G(B).5 E F0 5.484(.I).27 G 2.984(na) 379.816 372 S .485(ddition to command names, readline)392.24 372 R(allo)108 384 Q(ws k)-.25 E -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.5(st).15 G 2.5(ob)159.72 384 S 2.5(eb)172.22 384 S(ound to a string that is inserted when the k)184.16 384 Q .3 -.15(ey i)-.1 H 2.5(sp).15 G(ressed \(a)379.73 384 Q F1(macr)2.5 E(o)-.45 E F0(\).)A F2 -.25 (Ke)87 405.6 S 2.5(yB).25 G(indings)113.14 405.6 Q F0 .724 (The syntax for controlling k)108 417.6 R 1.024 -.15(ey b)-.1 H .724 (indings in the).15 F F1(~/.inputr)3.224 E(c)-.37 E F0 .724(\214le is simple.) 3.224 F .723(All that is required is the name of)5.724 F .938 (the command or the te)108 429.6 R .938(xt of a macro and a k)-.15 F 1.238 -.15 (ey s)-.1 H .938(equence to which it should be bound. The name may be).15 F .695(speci\214ed in one of tw)108 441.6 R 3.195(ow)-.1 G .695 (ays: as a symbolic k)212.095 441.6 R .995 -.15(ey n)-.1 H .695 (ame, possibly with).15 F F1(Meta\255)3.195 E F0(or)3.195 E F1(Contr)3.194 E (ol\255)-.45 E F0(pre\214x)3.194 E .694(es, or as a)-.15 F -.1(ke)108 453.6 S 4.143(ys)-.05 G 4.143(equence. When)130.223 453.6 R 1.643(using the form)4.143 F F2 -.1(ke)4.143 G(yname).1 E F0(:)A F1(function-name)A F0(or)4.143 E F1(macr) 4.143 E(o)-.45 E F0(,)A F1 -.1(ke)4.143 G(yname)-.2 E F0 1.644 (is the name of a k)4.143 F -.15(ey)-.1 G(spelled out in English.)108 465.6 Q -.15(Fo)5 G 2.5(re).15 G(xample:)222.98 465.6 Q(Control\255u: uni)144 489.6 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(rsal\255ar).15 E(gument)-.18 E(Meta\255Rubout: backw)144 501.6 Q (ard\255kill\255w)-.1 E(ord)-.1 E(Control\255o: ">&output")144 513.6 Q .229 (In the abo)108 530.4 R .529 -.15(ve ex)-.15 H(ample,).15 E F1(C\255u)2.729 E F0 .229(is bound to the function)2.729 F F2(uni)2.729 E -.1(ve)-.1 G (rsal\255ar).1 E(gument)-.1 E F0(,)A F1(M-DEL)2.729 E F0 .228 (is bound to the function)2.729 F F2(backward\255kill\255w)108 542.4 Q(ord)-.1 E F0 3.837(,a)C(nd)208.977 542.4 Q F1(C\255o)3.837 E F0 1.337 (is bound to run the macro e)3.837 F 1.337 (xpressed on the right hand side \(that is, to)-.15 F(insert the te)108 554.4 Q (xt)-.15 E F1(>&output)2.5 E F0(into the line\).)2.5 E .115 (In the second form,)108 571.2 R F2("k)2.615 E(eyseq")-.1 E F0(:)A F1 (function\255name)A F0(or)2.615 E F1(macr)2.615 E(o)-.45 E F0(,)A F2 -.1(ke) 2.615 G(yseq).1 E F0(dif)2.615 E .115(fers from)-.25 F F2 -.1(ke)2.615 G(yname) .1 E F0(abo)2.615 E .415 -.15(ve i)-.15 H 2.615(nt).15 G .115(hat strings) 498.495 571.2 R 1.284(denoting an entire k)108 583.2 R 1.584 -.15(ey s)-.1 H 1.284(equence may be speci\214ed by placing the sequence within double quotes.) .15 F(Some)6.284 E(GNU Emacs style k)108 595.2 Q .3 -.15(ey e)-.1 H (scapes can be used, as in the follo).15 E(wing e)-.25 E(xample.)-.15 E ("\\C\255u": uni)144 619.2 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(rsal\255ar).15 E(gument)-.18 E ("\\C\255x\\C\255r": re\255read\255init\255\214le)144 631.2 Q ("\\e[11~": "Function K)144 643.2 Q .3 -.15(ey 1)-.25 H(").15 E .238(In this e) 108 660 R(xample,)-.15 E F1(C-u)2.738 E F0 .238(is ag)2.738 F .238 (ain bound to the function)-.05 F F2(uni)2.738 E -.1(ve)-.1 G(rsal\255ar).1 E (gument)-.1 E F0(.)A F1 .237(C-x C-r)5.238 F F0 .237(is bound to the function) 2.737 F F2 -.18(re)108 672 S.18 E(ead\255init\255\214le)-.18 E F0 3.909 (,a)C(nd)191.139 672 Q F1 1.409(ESC [ 1 1 ~)3.909 F F0 1.409 (is bound to insert the te)3.909 F(xt)-.15 E F2 1.41(Function K)3.91 F 1.41 (ey 1)-.25 F F0 6.41(.T)C 1.41(he full set of escape)454.94 672 R(sequences is) 108 684 Q F2(\\C-)144 700.8 Q F0(control pre\214x)180 700.8 Q F2(\\M-)144 717.6 Q F0(meta pre\214x)180 717.6 Q 184.005(GNU 1994)72 768 R(July 26)2.5 E(3)535 768 Q EP %%Page: 4 4 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF 342.2(READLINE\(3\) READLINE\(3\))72 48 R/F1 10 /Times-Bold@0 SF(\\e)144 84 Q F0(an escape character)180 84 Q F1(\\\\)144 100.8 Q F0(backslash)180 100.8 Q F1(\\")144 117.6 Q F0(literal ")180 117.6 Q F1(\\') 144 134.4 Q F0(literal ')180 134.4 Q .74(When entering the te)108 151.2 R .74(\ xt of a macro, single or double quotes should be used to indicate a macro de\ \214nition.)-.15 F 1.226(Unquoted te)108 163.2 R 1.226 (xt is assumed to be a function name.)-.15 F 1.227(Backslash will quote an) 6.226 F 3.727(yc)-.15 G 1.227(haracter in the macro te)430.552 163.2 R(xt,)-.15 E(including " and '.)108 175.2 Q F1(Bash)108 192 Q F0(allo)2.93 E .43 (ws the current readline k)-.25 F .73 -.15(ey b)-.1 H .429 (indings to be displayed or modi\214ed with the).15 F F1(bind)2.929 E F0 -.2 (bu)2.929 G .429(iltin command.).2 F 1.095 (The editing mode may be switched during interacti)108 204 R 1.395 -.15(ve u) -.25 H 1.095(se by using the).15 F F13.595 E F0 1.095(option to the)3.595 F F1(set)3.595 E F0 -.2(bu)3.595 G 1.095(iltin com-).2 F 3.097(mand. Other)108 216 R .597(programs using this library pro)3.097 F .597 (vide similar mechanisms.)-.15 F(The)5.597 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(inputr) 3.097 E(c)-.37 E F0 .596(\214le may be edited and)3.096 F (re\255read if a program does not pro)108 228 Q(vide an)-.15 E 2.5(yo)-.15 G (ther means to incorporate ne)283.85 228 Q 2.5(wb)-.25 G(indings.)412.18 228 Q F1 -.92(Va)87 244.8 S(riables).92 E F0 .043(Readline has v)108 256.8 R .044 (ariables that can be used to further customize its beha)-.25 F(vior)-.2 E 5.044(.A)-.55 G -.25(va)413.896 256.8 S .044(riable may be set in the).25 F F2 (inpu-)2.544 E(tr)108 268.8 Q(c)-.37 E F0(\214le with a statement of the form) 2.5 E F1(set)144 285.6 Q F2(variable\255name value)2.5 E F0 .489 (Except where noted, readline v)108 302.4 R .489(ariables can tak)-.25 F 2.989 (et)-.1 G .489(he v)307.123 302.4 R(alues)-.25 E F1(On)2.989 E F0(or)2.989 E F1 (Off)2.989 E F0 5.489(.T)C .489(he v)404.028 302.4 R .488 (ariables and their def)-.25 F .488(ault v)-.1 F(al-)-.25 E(ues are:)108 314.4 Q F1(horizontal\255scr)108 331.2 Q(oll\255mode \(Off\))-.18 E F0 .448 (When set to)144 343.2 R F1(On)2.948 E F0 2.948(,m)C(ak)222.182 343.2 Q .448 (es readline use a single line for display)-.1 F 2.948(,s)-.65 G .449 (crolling the input horizontally on a)398.596 343.2 R 1.194(single screen line\ when it becomes longer than the screen width rather than wrapping to a ne)144 355.2 R(w)-.25 E(line.)144 367.2 Q F1(editing\255mode \(emacs\))108 379.2 Q F0 .252(Controls whether readline be)144 391.2 R .253(gins with a set of k)-.15 F .553 -.15(ey b)-.1 H .253(indings similar to).15 F F2(emacs)2.753 E F0(or)2.753 E F2(vi)2.753 E F0(.)A F1(editing\255mode)5.253 E F0(can be set to either)144 403.2 Q F1(emacs)2.5 E F0(or)2.5 E F1(vi)2.5 E F0(.)A F1 (mark\255modi\214ed\255lines \(Off\))108 415.2 Q F0(If set to)144 427.2 Q F1 (On)2.5 E F0 2.5(,h)C(istory lines that ha)200.39 427.2 Q .3 -.15(ve b)-.2 H (een modi\214ed are displayed with a preceding asterisk \().15 E F1(*)A F0(\).) A F1(bell\255style \(audible\))108 439.2 Q F0 .011 (Controls what happens when readline w)144 451.2 R .011 (ants to ring the terminal bell.)-.1 F .01(If set to)5.01 F F1(none)2.51 E F0 2.51(,r)C .01(eadline ne)486.8 451.2 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(r).15 E .94 (rings the bell.)144 463.2 R .94(If set to)5.94 F F1(visible)3.44 E F0 3.44(,r) C .94(eadline uses a visible bell if one is a)278.91 463.2 R -.25(va)-.2 G 3.44 (ilable. If).25 F .94(set to)3.44 F F1(audible)3.44 E F0(,)A (readline attempts to ring the terminal')144 475.2 Q 2.5(sb)-.55 G(ell.)306.21 475.2 Q F1(comment\255begin \(`)108 487.2 Q(`#')-.63 E('\))-.63 E F0 (The string that is inserted in)144 499.2 Q F1(vi)2.5 E F0(mode when the)2.5 E F1(vi\255comment)2.5 E F0(command is e)2.5 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted.).15 E F1 (meta\255\215ag \(Off\))108 511.2 Q F0 .228(If set to)144 523.2 R F1(On)2.728 E F0 2.728(,r)C .227(eadline will enable eight-bit input \(that is, it will not \ strip the high bit from the char)199.632 523.2 R(-)-.2 E(acters it reads\), re) 144 535.2 Q -.05(ga)-.15 G(rdless of what the terminal claims it can support.) .05 E F1(con)108 547.2 Q -.1(ve)-.4 G(rt\255meta \(On\)).1 E F0 .612(If set to) 144 559.2 R F1(On)3.112 E F0 3.112(,r)C .613(eadline will con)201.168 559.2 R -.15(ve)-.4 G .613(rt characters with the eighth bit set to an ASCII k).15 F .913 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .613(equence by).15 F 1.238 (stripping the eighth bit and prepending an escape character \(in ef)144 571.2 R 1.238(fect, using escape as the)-.25 F F2(meta)3.738 E(pr)144 583.2 Q(e\214x) -.37 E F0(\).)A F1(output\255meta \(Off\))108 595.2 Q F0 .506(If set to)144 607.2 R F1(On)3.006 E F0 3.006(,r)C .507(eadline will display characters with \ the eighth bit set directly rather than as a meta-)200.744 607.2 R(pre\214x)144 619.2 Q(ed escape sequence.)-.15 E F1(completion\255query\255items \(100\))108 631.2 Q F0 .53(This determines when the user is queried about vie)144 643.2 R .529(wing the number of possible completions gen-)-.25 F .56(erated by the)144 655.2 R F1(possible\255completions)3.06 E F0 3.06(command. It)3.06 F .561 (may be set to an)3.061 F 3.061(yi)-.15 G(nte)428.196 655.2 Q .561(ger v)-.15 F .561(alue greater than or)-.25 F .783(equal to zero.)144 667.2 R .783 (If the number of possible completions is greater than or equal to the v)5.783 F .782(alue of this)-.25 F -.25(va)144 679.2 S .237(riable, the user is ask).25 F .237(ed whether or not he wishes to vie)-.1 F 2.737(wt)-.25 G .237 (hem; otherwise the)389.254 679.2 R 2.737(ya)-.15 G .237(re simply listed) 477.855 679.2 R(on the terminal.)144 691.2 Q F1 -.1(ke)108 703.2 S (ymap \(emacs\)).1 E F0 2.323(Set the current readline k)144 715.2 R -.15(ey) -.1 G 4.823(map. The).15 F 2.323(set of le)4.823 F -.05(ga)-.15 G 4.823(lk).05 G -.15(ey)368.478 715.2 S 2.323(map names is).15 F F2 2.323 (emacs, emacs-standar)4.823 F(d,)-.37 E .808(emacs-meta, emacs-ctlx, vi, vi-mo) 144 727.2 R(ve)-.1 E 3.308(,v)-.1 G(i-command)300.862 727.2 Q F0 3.308(,a)C(nd) 356.1 727.2 Q F2(vi-insert)3.308 E F0(.).68 E F2(vi)5.808 E F0 .808(is equi) 3.308 F -.25(va)-.25 G .809(lent to).25 F F2(vi-command)3.309 E F0(;)A 184.005 (GNU 1994)72 768 R(July 26)2.5 E(4)535 768 Q EP %%Page: 5 5 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF 342.2(READLINE\(3\) READLINE\(3\))72 48 R/F1 10 /Times-Italic@0 SF(emacs)144 84 Q F0 1.124(is equi)3.624 F -.25(va)-.25 G 1.124 (lent to).25 F F1(emacs-standar)3.624 E(d)-.37 E F0 6.124(.T)C 1.124(he def) 317.34 84 R 1.124(ault v)-.1 F 1.124(alue is)-.25 F F1(emacs)3.624 E F0 3.624 (;t).27 G 1.124(he v)431.47 84 R 1.123(alue of)-.25 F/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF (editing\255mode)3.623 E F0(also af)144 96 Q(fects the def)-.25 E(ault k)-.1 E -.15(ey)-.1 G(map.).15 E F2(sho)108 108 Q(w\255all\255if\255ambiguous \(Off\)) -.1 E F0 .477(This alters the def)144 120 R .477(ault beha)-.1 F .477 (vior of the completion functions.)-.2 F .478(If set to)5.478 F F2(on)2.978 E F0 2.978(,w)C .478(ords which ha)450.326 120 R .778 -.15(ve m)-.2 H(ore).15 E 1.264(than one possible completion cause the matches to be listed immediately \ instead of ringing the)144 132 R(bell.)144 144 Q F2(expand\255tilde \(Off\))108 156 Q F0(If set to)144 168 Q F2(on)2.5 E F0 2.5(,t)C(ilde e)195.39 168 Q (xpansion is performed when readline attempts w)-.15 E(ord completion.)-.1 E F2 (Conditional Constructs)87 184.8 Q F0 .05(Readline implements a f)108 196.8 R .05(acility similar in spirit to the conditional compilation features of the C\ preprocessor)-.1 F 1.49(which allo)108 208.8 R 1.49(ws k)-.25 F 1.79 -.15 (ey b)-.1 H 1.49(indings and v).15 F 1.49 (ariable settings to be performed as the result of tests.)-.25 F 1.49 (There are three)6.49 F(parser directi)108 220.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(su).15 G (sed.)180.91 220.8 Q F2($if)108 237.6 Q F0(The)144 237.6 Q F2($if)2.962 E F0 .462(construct allo)2.962 F .463 (ws bindings to be made based on the editing mode, the terminal being used,) -.25 F .478(or the application using readline.)144 249.6 R .477(The te)5.477 F .477(xt of the test e)-.15 F .477(xtends to the end of the line; no characters) -.15 F(are required to isolate it.)144 261.6 Q F2(mode)144 278.4 Q F0(The)180 278.4 Q F2(mode=)3.711 E F0 1.211(form of the)3.711 F F2($if)3.711 E F0 (directi)3.711 E 1.511 -.15(ve i)-.25 H 3.711(su).15 G 1.211 (sed to test whether readline is in emacs or vi)351.628 278.4 R 3.065 (mode. This)180 290.4 R .565(may be used in conjunction with the)3.065 F F2 .565(set k)3.065 F(eymap)-.1 E F0 .565(command, for instance, to)3.065 F .029 (set bindings in the)180 302.4 R F1(emacs-standar)2.529 E(d)-.37 E F0(and)2.529 E F1(emacs-ctlx)2.529 E F0 -.1(ke)2.529 G .029 (ymaps only if readline is starting out)-.05 F(in emacs mode.)180 314.4 Q F2 (term)144 331.2 Q F0(The)180 331.2 Q F2(term=)3.197 E F0 .696 (form may be used to include terminal-speci\214c k)3.197 F .996 -.15(ey b)-.1 H .696(indings, perhaps to bind).15 F .654(the k)180 343.2 R .954 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .654(equences output by the terminal').15 F 3.154(sf)-.55 G .654(unction k) 360.138 343.2 R -.15(ey)-.1 G 3.154(s. The).15 F -.1(wo)3.154 G .654 (rd on the right side of).1 F(the)180 355.2 Q F2(=)3.004 E F0 .504 (is tested ag)3.004 F .503 (ainst the full name of the terminal and the portion of the terminal name)-.05 F(before the \214rst)180 367.2 Q F22.5 E F0 5(.T)C(his allo)260.13 367.2 Q (ws)-.25 E F1(sun)2.5 E F0(to match both)2.5 E F1(sun)2.5 E F0(and)2.5 E F1 (sun\255cmd)2.5 E F0 2.5(,f).77 G(or instance.)456.28 367.2 Q F2(application) 144 384 Q F0(The)180 396 Q F2(application)2.772 E F0 .272 (construct is used to include application\255speci\214c settings.)2.772 F .272 (Each program)5.272 F .114(using the readline library sets the)180 408 R F1 .114(application name)2.614 F F0 2.614(,a)C .114 (nd an initialization \214le can test for a)395.052 408 R .5(particular v)180 420 R 3(alue. This)-.25 F .501(could be used to bind k)3 F .801 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .501(equences to functions useful for a spe-).15 F .397(ci\214c program.)180 432 R -.15(Fo)5.397 G 2.896(ri).15 G .396(nstance, the follo)261.31 432 R .396 (wing command adds a k)-.25 F .696 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .396 (equence that quotes the).15 F(current or pre)180 444 Q(vious w)-.25 E (ord in Bash:)-.1 E F2($if)180 456 Q F0(bash)2.5 E 2.5(#Q)180 468 S (uote the current or pre)194.72 468 Q(vious w)-.25 E(ord)-.1 E ("\\C-xq": "\\eb\\"\\ef\\"")180 480 Q F2($endif)180 492 Q($endif)108 508.8 Q F0 (This command, as you sa)9.33 E 2.5(wi)-.15 G 2.5(nt)257.73 508.8 S(he pre) 268.01 508.8 Q(vious e)-.25 E(xample, terminates an)-.15 E F2($if)2.5 E F0 (command.)2.5 E F2($else)108 525.6 Q F0(Commands in this branch of the)144 525.6 Q F2($if)2.5 E F0(directi)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(re e).15 E -.15(xe) -.15 G(cuted if the test f).15 E(ails.)-.1 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF (EDITING COMMANDS)72 542.4 Q F0 1.391(The follo)108 554.4 R 1.391 (wing is a list of the names of the commands and the def)-.25 F 1.391(ault k) -.1 F 1.691 -.15(ey s)-.1 H 1.391(equences to which the).15 F 3.892(ya)-.15 G (re)532.23 554.4 Q(bound.)108 566.4 Q F2(Commands f)87 583.2 Q(or Mo)-.25 E (ving)-.1 E(beginning\255of\255line \(C\255a\))108 595.2 Q F0(Mo)144 607.2 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.15 H 2.5(ot).15 G(he start of the current line.)182.59 607.2 Q F2 (end\255of\255line \(C\255e\))108 619.2 Q F0(Mo)144 631.2 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.15 H 2.5(ot).15 G(he end of the line.)182.59 631.2 Q F2 -.25(fo)108 643.2 S (rward\255char \(C\255f\)).25 E F0(Mo)144 655.2 Q .3 -.15(ve f)-.15 H(orw).15 E (ard a character)-.1 E(.)-.55 E F2(backward\255char \(C\255b\))108 667.2 Q F0 (Mo)144 679.2 Q .3 -.15(ve b)-.15 H(ack a character).15 E(.)-.55 E F2 -.25(fo) 108 691.2 S(rward\255w).25 E(ord \(M\255f\))-.1 E F0(Mo)144 703.2 Q .823 -.15 (ve f)-.15 H(orw).15 E .523(ard to the end of the ne)-.1 F .523(xt w)-.15 F 3.023(ord. W)-.1 F .522(ords are composed of alphanumeric characters \(let-)-.8 F(ters and digits\).)144 715.2 Q 184.005(GNU 1994)72 768 R(July 26)2.5 E(5)535 768 Q EP %%Page: 6 6 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF 342.2(READLINE\(3\) READLINE\(3\))72 48 R/F1 10 /Times-Bold@0 SF(backward\255w)108 84 Q(ord \(M\255b\))-.1 E F0(Mo)144 96 Q .748 -.15(ve b)-.15 H .449(ack to the start of this, or the pre).15 F .449 (vious, w)-.25 F 2.949(ord. W)-.1 F .449 (ords are composed of alphanumeric char)-.8 F(-)-.2 E (acters \(letters and digits\).)144 108 Q F1(clear\255scr)108 120 Q (een \(C\255l\))-.18 E F0 .993(Clear the screen lea)144 132 R .993 (ving the current line at the top of the screen.)-.2 F -.4(Wi)5.993 G .993 (th an ar).4 F .993(gument, refresh the)-.18 F (current line without clearing the screen.)144 144 Q F1 -.18(re)108 156 S (draw\255curr).18 E(ent\255line)-.18 E F0(Refresh the current line.)144 168 Q (By def)5 E(ault, this is unbound.)-.1 E F1(Commands f)87 184.8 Q (or Manipulating the History)-.25 E(accept\255line \(Newline, Retur)108 196.8 Q (n\))-.15 E F0 .857(Accept the line re)144 208.8 R -.05(ga)-.15 G .857 (rdless of where the cursor is.).05 F .857(If this line is non\255empty)5.857 F 3.357(,a)-.65 G .858(dd it to the history)463.228 208.8 R(list. If the line is\ a modi\214ed history line, then restore the history line to its original stat\ e.)144 220.8 Q F1(pr)108 232.8 Q -.15(ev)-.18 G(ious\255history \(C\255p\)).15 E F0(Fetch the pre)144 244.8 Q(vious command from the history list, mo)-.25 E (ving back in the list.)-.15 E F1(next\255history \(C\255n\))108 256.8 Q F0 (Fetch the ne)144 268.8 Q(xt command from the history list, mo)-.15 E (ving forw)-.15 E(ard in the list.)-.1 E F1 (beginning\255of\255history \(M\255<\))108 280.8 Q F0(Mo)144 292.8 Q .3 -.15 (ve t)-.15 H 2.5(ot).15 G(he \214rst line in the history)182.59 292.8 Q(.)-.65 E F1(end\255of\255history \(M\255>\))108 304.8 Q F0(Mo)144 316.8 Q .3 -.15 (ve t)-.15 H 2.5(ot).15 G(he end of the input history)182.59 316.8 Q 2.5(,i) -.65 G(.e., the line currently being entered.)294.99 316.8 Q F1 -2.29 -.18 (re v)108 328.8 T(erse\255sear).08 E(ch\255history \(C\255r\))-.18 E F0 1.471 (Search backw)144 340.8 R 1.471(ard starting at the current line and mo)-.1 F 1.47(ving `up' through the history as necessary)-.15 F(.)-.65 E (This is an incremental search.)144 352.8 Q F1 -.25(fo)108 364.8 S (rward\255sear).25 E(ch\255history \(C\255s\))-.18 E F0 1.131(Search forw)144 376.8 R 1.131(ard starting at the current line and mo)-.1 F 1.132(ving `do)-.15 F 1.132(wn' through the history as necessary)-.25 F(.)-.65 E (This is an incremental search.)144 388.8 Q F1(non\255incr)108 400.8 Q (emental\255r)-.18 E -2.3 -.15(ev e)-.18 H(rse\255sear).15 E (ch\255history \(M\255p\))-.18 E F0 1.089(Search backw)144 412.8 R 1.088(ard t\ hrough the history starting at the current line using a non\255incremental sea\ rch)-.1 F(for a string supplied by the user)144 424.8 Q(.)-.55 E F1 (non\255incr)108 436.8 Q(emental\255f)-.18 E(orward\255sear)-.25 E (ch\255history \(M\255n\))-.18 E F0 1.188(Search forw)144 448.8 R 1.189(ard th\ rough the history using a non\255incremental search for a string supplied by t\ he)-.1 F(user)144 460.8 Q(.)-.55 E F1(history\255sear)108 472.8 Q(ch\255f)-.18 E(orward)-.25 E F0 .249(Search forw)144 484.8 R .249(ard through the history f\ or the string of characters between the start of the current line)-.1 F (and the current point.)144 496.8 Q(This is a non-incremental search.)5 E (By def)5 E(ault, this command is unbound.)-.1 E F1(history\255sear)108 508.8 Q (ch\255backward)-.18 E F0 .95(Search backw)144 520.8 R .951(ard through the hi\ story for the string of characters between the start of the current)-.1 F 2.721 (line and the current point.)144 532.8 R 2.721 (This is a non-incremental search.)7.721 F 2.72(By def)7.721 F 2.72 (ault, this command is)-.1 F(unbound.)144 544.8 Q F1(yank\255nth\255ar)108 556.8 Q 2.5(g\()-.1 G<4dad43ad7929>175.14 556.8 Q F0 .622 (Insert the \214rst ar)144 568.8 R .622(gument to the pre)-.18 F .622 (vious command \(usually the second w)-.25 F .622(ord on the pre)-.1 F .622 (vious line\))-.25 F .682(at point \(the current cursor position\).)144 580.8 R -.4(Wi)5.682 G .682(th an ar).4 F(gument)-.18 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(n)3.182 E F0 3.182(,i).24 G .682(nsert the)390.17 580.8 R F2(n)3.182 E F0 .682(th w)B .681(ord from the pre)-.1 F(vious)-.25 E .729(command \(the w)144 592.8 R .729 (ords in the pre)-.1 F .729(vious command be)-.25 F .729(gin with w)-.15 F .729 (ord 0\).)-.1 F 3.23(An)5.73 G -2.25 -.15(eg a)441.56 592.8 T(ti).15 E 1.03 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G .73(ument inserts).18 F(the)144 604.8 Q F2(n)2.5 E F0(th w)A(ord from the end of the pre)-.1 E(vious command.)-.25 E F1 (yank\255last\255ar)108 616.8 Q 2.5(g\()-.1 G -1.667(M\255. ,)175.69 616.8 R -1.667(M\255_ \))2.5 F F0 1.077(Insert the last ar)144 628.8 R 1.077 (gument to the pre)-.18 F 1.077(vious command \(the last w)-.25 F 1.077 (ord on the pre)-.1 F 1.077(vious line\).)-.25 F -.4(Wi)6.076 G 1.076(th an).4 F(ar)144 640.8 Q(gument, beha)-.18 E .3 -.15(ve ex)-.2 H(actly lik).15 E 2.5 (e@)-.1 G(code{yank-nth-ar)274.9 640.8 Q(g}.)-.18 E F1(Commands f)87 657.6 Q (or Changing T)-.25 E(ext)-.92 E(delete\255char \(C\255d\))108 669.6 Q F0 .486 (Delete the character under the cursor)144 681.6 R 5.486(.I)-.55 G 2.987(fp) 304.636 681.6 S .487(oint is at the be)315.953 681.6 R .487 (ginning of the line, there are no charac-)-.15 F (ters in the line, and the last character typed w)144 693.6 Q(as not)-.1 E F1 (C\255d)2.5 E F0 2.5(,t)C(hen return)377.34 693.6 Q/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(EOF) 2.5 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F1(backward\255delete\255char \(Rubout\))108 705.6 Q F0 .553(Delete the character behind the cursor)144 717.6 R 5.553(.W) -.55 G .553(hen gi)315.598 717.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.053(nan).15 G .553 (umeric ar)370.457 717.6 R .552(gument, sa)-.18 F .852 -.15(ve t)-.2 H .552 (he deleted te).15 F .552(xt on)-.15 F(the kill\255ring.)144 729.6 Q 184.005 (GNU 1994)72 768 R(July 26)2.5 E(6)535 768 Q EP %%Page: 7 7 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF 342.2(READLINE\(3\) READLINE\(3\))72 48 R/F1 10 /Times-Bold@0 SF(quoted\255insert \(C\255q, C\255v\))108 84 Q F0 1.228 (Add the ne)144 96 R 1.228(xt character that you type to the line v)-.15 F 3.728(erbatim. This)-.15 F 1.228(is ho)3.728 F 3.729(wt)-.25 G 3.729(oi)446.163 96 S 1.229(nsert characters lik)457.672 96 R(e)-.1 E F1(C\255q)144 108 Q F0 2.5 (,f)C(or e)170.81 108 Q(xample.)-.15 E F1(tab\255insert \(M-T)108 120 Q(AB\)) -.9 E F0(Insert a tab character)144 132 Q(.)-.55 E F1 (self\255insert \(a, b, A, 1, !, ...\))108 144 Q F0 (Insert the character typed.)144 156 Q F1(transpose\255chars \(C\255t\))108 168 Q F0 .424(Drag the character before point forw)144 180 R .424(ard o)-.1 F -.15 (ve)-.15 G 2.924(rt).15 G .424(he character at point.)331.218 180 R .424 (Point mo)5.424 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.924(sf).15 G(orw)477.882 180 Q .424 (ard as well.)-.1 F 1.03 (If point is at the end of the line, then transpose the tw)144 192 R 3.531(oc) -.1 G 1.031(haracters before point.)382.266 192 R(Ne)6.031 E -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti) .05 E 1.331 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G(u-).18 E(ments don')144 204 Q 2.5 (tw)-.18 G(ork.)200.94 204 Q F1(transpose\255w)108 216 Q(ords \(M\255t\))-.1 E F0 .683(Drag the w)144 228 R .682(ord behind the cursor past the w)-.1 F .682 (ord in front of the cursor mo)-.1 F .682(ving the cursor o)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.182(rt).15 G(hat)527.78 228 Q -.1(wo)144 240 S(rd as well.).1 E F1 (upcase\255w)108 252 Q(ord \(M\255u\))-.1 E F0 .702 (Uppercase the current \(or follo)144 264 R .702(wing\) w)-.25 F 3.202(ord. W) -.1 F .702(ith a ne)-.4 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E 1.002 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18 (rg).15 G .702(ument, do the pre).18 F .703(vious w)-.25 F .703(ord, b)-.1 F (ut)-.2 E(do not mo)144 276 Q .3 -.15(ve p)-.15 H(oint.).15 E F1(do)108 288 Q (wncase\255w)-.1 E(ord \(M\255l\))-.1 E F0(Lo)144 300 Q .641 (wercase the current \(or follo)-.25 F .641(wing\) w)-.25 F 3.141(ord. W)-.1 F .641(ith a ne)-.4 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .941 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G .64(ument, do the pre).18 F .64(vious w)-.25 F .64(ord, b)-.1 F(ut)-.2 E (do not mo)144 312 Q .3 -.15(ve p)-.15 H(oint.).15 E F1(capitalize\255w)108 324 Q(ord \(M\255c\))-.1 E F0 .82(Capitalize the current \(or follo)144 336 R .82 (wing\) w)-.25 F 3.32(ord. W)-.1 F .82(ith a ne)-.4 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E 1.12 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G .82(ument, do the pre).18 F .82(vious w) -.25 F .82(ord, b)-.1 F(ut)-.2 E(do not mo)144 348 Q .3 -.15(ve p)-.15 H(oint.) .15 E F1(Killing and Y)87 364.8 Q(anking)-.85 E(kill\255line \(C\255k\))108 376.8 Q F0(Kill the te)144 388.8 Q (xt from the current cursor position to the end of the line.)-.15 E F1 (backward\255kill\255line \(C\255x Rubout\))108 400.8 Q F0(Kill backw)144 412.8 Q(ard to the be)-.1 E(ginning of the line.)-.15 E F1 (unix\255line\255discard \(C\255u\))108 424.8 Q F0(Kill backw)144 436.8 Q (ard from point to the be)-.1 E(ginning of the line.)-.15 E F1 (kill\255whole\255line)108 448.8 Q F0 (Kill all characters on the current line, no matter where the cursor is.)144 460.8 Q(By def)5 E(ault, this is unbound.)-.1 E F1(kill\255w)108 472.8 Q (ord \(M\255d\))-.1 E F0 1.044 (Kill from the cursor to the end of the current w)144 484.8 R 1.043 (ord, or if between w)-.1 F 1.043(ords, to the end of the ne)-.1 F(xt)-.15 E -.1(wo)144 496.8 S 2.5(rd. W).1 F(ord boundaries are the same as those used by) -.8 E F1 -.25(fo)2.5 G(rward\255w).25 E(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1 (backward\255kill\255w)108 508.8 Q(ord \(M\255Rubout\))-.1 E F0 3.26 (Kill the w)144 520.8 R 3.26(ord behind the cursor)-.1 F 8.26(.W)-.55 G 3.26 (ord boundaries are the same as those used by)304.31 520.8 R F1(back-)5.76 E (ward\255w)144 532.8 Q(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(unix\255w)108 544.8 Q (ord\255rubout \(C\255w\))-.1 E F0 .482(Kill the w)144 556.8 R .482 (ord behind the cursor)-.1 F 2.982(,u)-.4 G .482(sing white space as a w) 281.652 556.8 R .482(ord boundary)-.1 F 5.482(.T)-.65 G .482(he w)445.076 556.8 R .481(ord boundaries are)-.1 F(dif)144 568.8 Q(ferent from)-.25 E F1 (backward\255kill\255w)2.5 E(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(delete\255horizontal\255space) 108 580.8 Q F0(Delete all spaces and tabs around point.)144 592.8 Q(By def)5 E (ault, this is unbound.)-.1 E F1(yank \(C\255y\))108 604.8 Q F0 -1(Ya)144 616.8 S(nk the top of the kill ring into the b)1 E(uf)-.2 E(fer at the cursor)-.25 E (.)-.55 E F1(yank\255pop \(M\255y\))108 628.8 Q F0 (Rotate the kill\255ring, and yank the ne)144 640.8 Q 2.5(wt)-.25 G 2.5 (op. Only)302.71 640.8 R -.1(wo)2.5 G(rks follo).1 E(wing)-.25 E F1(yank)2.5 E F0(or)2.5 E F1(yank\255pop)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(Numeric Ar)87 657.6 Q(guments)-.1 E (digit\255ar)108 669.6 Q(gument \(M\2550, M\2551, ..., M\255\255\))-.1 E F0 .641(Add this digit to the ar)144 681.6 R .641 (gument already accumulating, or start a ne)-.18 F 3.141(wa)-.25 G -.18(rg) 425.942 681.6 S 3.142(ument. M\255\255).18 F .642(starts a ne)3.142 F(g-)-.15 E (ati)144 693.6 Q .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G(ument.).18 E F1(uni)108 705.6 Q -.1(ve)-.1 G(rsal\255ar).1 E(gument)-.1 E F0 .783(Each time this is e) 144 717.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .783(cuted, the ar).15 F .782 (gument count is multiplied by four)-.18 F 5.782(.T)-.55 G .782(he ar)437.062 717.6 R .782(gument count is ini-)-.18 F .175(tially one, so e)144 729.6 R -.15 (xe)-.15 G .175(cuting this function the \214rst time mak).15 F .176(es the ar) -.1 F .176(gument count four)-.18 F 5.176(.B)-.55 G 2.676(yd)485.028 729.6 S (ef)497.704 729.6 Q .176(ault, this)-.1 F 184.005(GNU 1994)72 768 R(July 26)2.5 E(7)535 768 Q EP %%Page: 8 8 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF 342.2(READLINE\(3\) READLINE\(3\))72 48 R (is not bound to a k)144 84 Q -.15(ey)-.1 G(.)-.5 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF (Completing)87 100.8 Q(complete \(T)108 112.8 Q(AB\))-.9 E F0 1.909 (Attempt to perform completion on the te)144 124.8 R 1.908(xt before point.) -.15 F 1.908(The actual completion performed is)6.908 F (application-speci\214c.)144 136.8 Q F1(Bash)5.517 E F0 3.017(,f)C .518 (or instance, attempts completion treating the te)260.304 136.8 R .518 (xt as a v)-.15 F .518(ariable \(if the)-.25 F(te)144 148.8 Q .657(xt be)-.15 F .657(gins with)-.15 F F1($)3.156 E F0 .656(\), username \(if the te)B .656 (xt be)-.15 F .656(gins with)-.15 F F1(~)3.156 E F0 .656 (\), hostname \(if the te)B .656(xt be)-.15 F .656(gins with)-.15 F F1(@)3.156 E F0 .656(\), or)B .929(command \(including aliases and functions\) in turn.) 144 160.8 R .93(If none of these produces a match, \214lename)5.929 F 1.274 (completion is attempted.)144 172.8 R F1(Gdb)6.273 E F0 3.773(,o)C 3.773(nt) 281.603 172.8 S 1.273(he other hand, allo)293.156 172.8 R 1.273 (ws completion of program functions and)-.25 F -.25(va)144 184.8 S (riables, and only attempts \214lename completion under certain circumstances.) .25 E F1(possible\255completions \(M-?\))108 196.8 Q F0 (List the possible completions of the te)144 208.8 Q(xt before point.)-.15 E F1 (insert\255completions)108 220.8 Q F0 3.372(Insert all completions of the te) 144 232.8 R 3.372(xt before point that w)-.15 F 3.372(ould ha)-.1 F 3.672 -.15 (ve b)-.2 H 3.372(een generated by).15 F F1(possi-)5.873 E(ble\255completions) 144 244.8 Q F0 5(.B)C 2.5(yd)227.76 244.8 S(ef)240.26 244.8 Q (ault, this is not bound to a k)-.1 E -.15(ey)-.1 G(.)-.5 E F1 -.25(Ke)87 261.6 S(yboard Macr).25 E(os)-.18 E(start\255kbd\255macr)108 273.6 Q 2.5(o\()-.18 G (C-x \()188.93 273.6 Q(\)).833 E F0(Be)144 285.6 Q(gin sa)-.15 E (ving the characters typed into the current k)-.2 E -.15(ey)-.1 G(board macro.) .15 E F1(end\255kbd\255macr)108 297.6 Q 2.5(o\()-.18 G(C-x \))184.5 297.6 Q(\)) .833 E F0(Stop sa)144 309.6 Q(ving the characters typed into the current k)-.2 E -.15(ey)-.1 G(board macro and sa).15 E .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he de\214nition.) .15 E F1(call\255last\255kbd\255macr)108 321.6 Q 2.5(o\()-.18 G(C-x e\))204.64 321.6 Q F0(Re-e)144 333.6 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G 1(cute the last k).15 F -.15(ey)-.1 G .999 (board macro de\214ned, by making the characters in the macro appear as if).15 F(typed at the k)144 345.6 Q -.15(ey)-.1 G(board.).15 E F1(Miscellaneous)87 362.4 Q -.18(re)108 374.4 S(-r).18 E(ead-init-\214le \(C\255x C\255r\))-.18 E F0 .54(Read in the contents of your init \214le, and incorporate an)144 386.4 R 3.041(yb)-.15 G .541(indings or v)385.876 386.4 R .541 (ariable assignments found)-.25 F(there.)144 398.4 Q F1(abort \(C\255g\))108 410.4 Q F0 3.249(Abort the current editing command and ring the terminal')144 422.4 R 5.748(sb)-.55 G 3.248(ell \(subject to the setting of)414.6 422.4 R F1 (bell\255style)144 434.4 Q F0(\).)A F1(do\255upper)108 446.4 Q(case\255v)-.18 E (ersion \(M\255a, M\255b, ...\))-.1 E F0 (Run the command that is bound to the corresponding uppercase character)144 458.4 Q(.)-.55 E F1(pr)108 470.4 Q(e\214x\255meta \(ESC\))-.18 E F0 (Metafy the ne)144 482.4 Q(xt character typed.)-.15 E/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(ESC) 5 E F1(f)2.25 E F0(is equi)2.5 E -.25(va)-.25 G(lent to).25 E F1(Meta\255f)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(undo \(C\255_, C\255x C\255u\))108 494.4 Q F0 (Incremental undo, separately remembered for each line.)144 506.4 Q F1 -2.29 -.18(re v)108 518.4 T(ert\255line \(M\255r\)).08 E F0 .244 (Undo all changes made to this line.)144 530.4 R .245(This is lik)5.245 F 2.745 (et)-.1 G .245(yping the)341.895 530.4 R F1(undo)2.745 E F0 .245 (command enough times to return)2.745 F(the line to its initial state.)144 542.4 Q F1(tilde\255expand \(M\255~\))108 554.4 Q F0(Perform tilde e)144 566.4 Q(xpansion on the current w)-.15 E(ord.)-.1 E F1(dump\255functions)108 578.4 Q F0 .627(Print all of the functions and their k)144 590.4 R .927 -.15(ey b)-.1 H .626(indings to the readline output stream.).15 F .626(If a numeric ar)5.626 F (gu-)-.18 E(ment is supplied, the output is formatted in such a w)144 602.4 Q (ay that it can be made part of an)-.1 E/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(inputr)2.5 E (c)-.37 E F0(\214le.)2.5 E F1(emacs\255editing\255mode \(C\255e\))108 614.4 Q F0(When in)144 626.4 Q F1(vi)2.5 E F0(editing mode, this causes a switch to)2.5 E F1(emacs)2.5 E F0(editing mode.)2.5 E F1 (vi\255editing\255mode \(M\255C\255j\))108 638.4 Q F0(When in)144 650.4 Q F1 (emacs)2.5 E F0(editing mode, this causes a switch to)2.5 E F1(vi)2.5 E F0 (editing mode.)2.5 E F2(DEF)72 667.2 Q -.45(AU)-.81 G 1.656 -.828(LT K).45 H (EY BINDINGS).828 E F0 .675(The follo)108 679.2 R .675 (wing is a list of the def)-.25 F .675(ault emacs and vi bindings.)-.1 F .676 (Characters with the 8th bit set are written as)5.676 F .002 (M-, and are referred to as)108 691.2 R F3(meta\214ed)2.502 E F0 2.502(characters. The)2.502 F .002(printable ASCII characters not mentioned in) 2.502 F .444(the list of emacs standard bindings are bound to the)108 703.2 R F3(self\255insert)2.945 E F0 .445(function, which just inserts the gi)2.945 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.945(nc).15 G(har)524.1 703.2 Q(-)-.2 E 2.021 (acter into the input line.)108 715.2 R 2.02(In vi insertion mode, all charact\ ers not speci\214cally mentioned are bound to)7.021 F F3(self\255insert)108 727.2 Q F0 5.388(.C).68 G .388(haracters assigned to signal generation by) 166.658 727.2 R F3(stty)2.889 E F0 .389(\(1\) or the terminal dri).32 F -.15 (ve)-.25 G 1.189 -.4(r, s).15 H .389(uch as C-Z or C-C,).4 F 184.005(GNU 1994) 72 768 R(July 26)2.5 E(8)535 768 Q EP %%Page: 9 9 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF 342.2(READLINE\(3\) READLINE\(3\))72 48 R .221 (retain that function.)108 84 R .221(Upper and lo)5.221 F .221(wer case)-.25 F /F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(meta\214ed)2.721 E F0 .22 (characters are bound to the same function in the emacs)2.721 F .304 (mode meta k)108 96 R -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.804(map. The).15 F .305(remaining charac\ ters are unbound, which causes readline to ring the bell \(subject)2.804 F (to the setting of the)108 108 Q/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(bell\255style)2.5 E F0 -.25(va)2.5 G(riable\).).25 E F2(Emacs Mode)87 124.8 Q F0 (Emacs Standard bindings)151.2 136.8 Q 152.12("C-A" ->)151.2 160.8 R(be)5 E (ginning-of-line)-.15 E 152.67("C-B" ->)151.2 172.8 R(backw)5 E(ard-char)-.1 E 152.12("C-D" ->)151.2 184.8 R(delete-char)5 E 153.23("C-E" ->)151.2 196.8 R (end-of-line)5 E 153.78("C-F" ->)151.2 208.8 R(forw)5 E(ard-char)-.1 E 152.12 ("C-G" ->)151.2 220.8 R(abort)5 E 152.12("C-H" ->)151.2 232.8 R(backw)5 E (ard-delete-char)-.1 E 156.01("C-I" ->)151.2 244.8 R(complete)5 E 155.45 ("C-J" ->)151.2 256.8 R(accept-line)5 E 152.12("C-K" ->)151.2 268.8 R (kill-line)5 E 153.23("C-L" ->)151.2 280.8 R(clear)5 E(-screen)-.2 E 150.45 ("C-M" ->)151.2 292.8 R(accept-line)5 E 152.12("C-N" ->)151.2 304.8 R(ne)5 E (xt-history)-.15 E 153.78("C-P" ->)151.2 316.8 R(pre)5 E(vious-history)-.25 E 152.12("C-Q" ->)151.2 328.8 R(quoted-insert)5 E 152.67("C-R" ->)151.2 340.8 R (re)5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(rse-search-history).15 E 153.78("C-S" ->)151.2 352.8 R (forw)5 E(ard-search-history)-.1 E 153.23("C-T" ->)151.2 364.8 R (transpose-chars)5 E 152.12("C-U" ->)151.2 376.8 R(unix-line-discard)5 E 152.12 ("C-V" ->)151.2 388.8 R(quoted-insert)5 E 149.9("C-W" ->)151.2 400.8 R(unix-w)5 E(ord-rubout)-.1 E 152.12("C-Y" ->)151.2 412.8 R(yank)5 E 154.34("C-_" ->)151.2 424.8 R(undo)5 E 3.333("")151.2 436.8 S(to "/")-.833 E 2.5(-> self-insert)331.2 436.8 R 2.5("0" to)151.2 448.8 R 135.9("9" ->)2.5 F(self-insert)5 E 2.5(":" to) 151.2 460.8 R 139.79("~" ->)2.5 F(self-insert)5 E 154.9("C-?" ->)151.2 472.8 R (backw)5 E(ard-delete-char)-.1 E(Emacs Meta bindings)151.2 489.6 Q 139.9 ("M-C-H" ->)151.2 513.6 R(backw)5 E(ard-kill-w)-.1 E(ord)-.1 E 143.79 ("M-C-I" ->)151.2 525.6 R(tab-insert)5 E 143.23("M-C-J" ->)151.2 537.6 R (vi-editing-mode)5 E 138.23("M-C-M" ->)151.2 549.6 R(vi-editing-mode)5 E 140.45 ("M-C-R" ->)151.2 561.6 R(re)5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(rt-line).15 E 139.9("M-C-Y" ->) 151.2 573.6 R(yank-nth-ar)5 E(g)-.18 E 143.79("M-C-[" ->)151.2 585.6 R (complete)5 E 149.34("M-&" ->)151.2 597.6 R(tilde-e)5 E(xpand)-.15 E 153.79 ("M--" ->)151.2 609.6 R(digit-ar)5 E(gument)-.18 E 152.12("M-0" ->)151.2 621.6 R(digit-ar)5 E(gument)-.18 E 152.12("M-1" ->)151.2 633.6 R(digit-ar)5 E(gument) -.18 E 152.12("M-2" ->)151.2 645.6 R(digit-ar)5 E(gument)-.18 E 152.12 ("M-3" ->)151.2 657.6 R(digit-ar)5 E(gument)-.18 E 152.12("M-4" ->)151.2 669.6 R(digit-ar)5 E(gument)-.18 E 152.12("M-5" ->)151.2 681.6 R(digit-ar)5 E(gument) -.18 E 152.12("M-6" ->)151.2 693.6 R(digit-ar)5 E(gument)-.18 E 152.12 ("M-7" ->)151.2 705.6 R(digit-ar)5 E(gument)-.18 E 152.12("M-8" ->)151.2 717.6 R(digit-ar)5 E(gument)-.18 E 152.12("M-9" ->)151.2 729.6 R(digit-ar)5 E(gument) -.18 E 184.005(GNU 1994)72 768 R(July 26)2.5 E(9)535 768 Q EP %%Page: 10 10 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF 342.2(READLINE\(3\) READLINE\(3\))72 48 R 151.48 ("M-<" ->)151.2 84 R(be)5 E(ginning-of-history)-.15 E 151.48("M->" ->)151.2 96 R(end-of-history)5 E 152.68("M-?" ->)151.2 108 R(possible-completions)5 E 150.45("M-B" ->)151.2 120 R(backw)5 E(ard-w)-.1 E(ord)-.1 E 150.45("M-C" ->) 151.2 132 R(capitalize-w)5 E(ord)-.1 E 149.9("M-D" ->)151.2 144 R(kill-w)5 E (ord)-.1 E 151.56("M-F" ->)151.2 156 R(forw)5 E(ard-w)-.1 E(ord)-.1 E 151.01 ("M-L" ->)151.2 168 R(do)5 E(wncase-w)-.25 E(ord)-.1 E 149.9("M-N" ->)151.2 180 R(non-incremental-forw)5 E(ard-search-history)-.1 E 149.9("M-O" ->)151.2 192 R (arro)5 E(w-k)-.25 E -.15(ey)-.1 G(-pre\214x).15 E 151.56("M-P" ->)151.2 204 R (non-incremental-re)5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(rse-search-history).15 E 150.45 ("M-R" ->)151.2 216 R(re)5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(rt-line).15 E 151.01("M-T" ->)151.2 228 R(transpose-w)5 E(ords)-.1 E 149.9("M-U" ->)151.2 240 R(upcase-w)5 E(ord) -.1 E 149.9("M-Y" ->)151.2 252 R(yank-pop)5 E 139.9("M-C-Y" ->)151.2 264 R (yank-nth-ar)5 E(g)-.18 E 142.68("M-C-?" ->)151.2 276 R(backw)5 E(ard-delete-w) -.1 E(ord)-.1 E(Emacs Control-X bindings)151.2 292.8 Q 134.9("C-XC-G" ->)151.2 316.8 R(abort)5 E 135.45("C-XC-R" ->)151.2 328.8 R(re-read-init-\214le)5 E 134.9("C-XC-U" ->)151.2 340.8 R(undo)5 E 148.79("C-X\(" ->)151.2 352.8 R (start-kbd-macro)5 E 148.79("C-X\)" ->)151.2 364.8 R(end-kbd-macro)5 E 147.68 ("C-Xe" ->)151.2 376.8 R(call-last-kbd-macro)5 E 137.68("C-XC-?" ->)151.2 388.8 R(backw)5 E(ard-kill-line)-.1 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(VI Mode bindings)87 417.6 Q F0(VI Insert Mode functions)151.2 429.6 Q 152.12("C-D" ->)151.2 453.6 R (vi-eof-maybe)5 E 152.12("C-H" ->)151.2 465.6 R(backw)5 E(ard-delete-char)-.1 E 156.01("C-I" ->)151.2 477.6 R(complete)5 E 155.45("C-J" ->)151.2 489.6 R (accept-line)5 E 152.12("C-K" ->)151.2 501.6 R(kill-line)5 E 153.23("C-L" ->) 151.2 513.6 R(clear)5 E(-screen)-.2 E 150.45("C-M" ->)151.2 525.6 R (accept-line)5 E 152.12("C-N" ->)151.2 537.6 R(ne)5 E(xt-history)-.15 E 153.78 ("C-P" ->)151.2 549.6 R(pre)5 E(vious-history)-.25 E 152.12("C-Q" ->)151.2 561.6 R(quoted-insert)5 E 152.67("C-R" ->)151.2 573.6 R(re)5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G (rse-search-history).15 E 153.78("C-S" ->)151.2 585.6 R(forw)5 E (ard-search-history)-.1 E 153.23("C-T" ->)151.2 597.6 R(transpose-chars)5 E 152.12("C-U" ->)151.2 609.6 R(unix-line-discard)5 E 152.12("C-V" ->)151.2 621.6 R(quoted-insert)5 E 149.9("C-W" ->)151.2 633.6 R(unix-w)5 E(ord-rubout)-.1 E 152.12("C-Y" ->)151.2 645.6 R(yank)5 E 156.01("C-[" ->)151.2 657.6 R(vi-mo)5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(ment-mode).15 E 3.333("")151.2 669.6 S(to "~")-.833 E 2.5 (-> self-insert)331.2 669.6 R 154.9("C-?" ->)151.2 681.6 R(backw)5 E (ard-delete-char)-.1 E(VI Command Mode functions)151.2 698.4 Q 152.12("C-D" ->) 151.2 722.4 R(vi-eof-maybe)5 E 184.005(GNU 1994)72 768 R(July 26)2.5 E(10)530 768 Q EP %%Page: 11 11 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF 342.2(READLINE\(3\) READLINE\(3\))72 48 R 153.23 ("C-E" ->)151.2 84 R(emacs-editing-mode)5 E 152.12("C-G" ->)151.2 96 R(abort)5 E 152.12("C-H" ->)151.2 108 R(backw)5 E(ard-char)-.1 E 155.45("C-J" ->)151.2 120 R(accept-line)5 E 152.12("C-K" ->)151.2 132 R(kill-line)5 E 153.23 ("C-L" ->)151.2 144 R(clear)5 E(-screen)-.2 E 150.45("C-M" ->)151.2 156 R (accept-line)5 E 152.12("C-N" ->)151.2 168 R(ne)5 E(xt-history)-.15 E 153.78 ("C-P" ->)151.2 180 R(pre)5 E(vious-history)-.25 E 152.12("C-Q" ->)151.2 192 R (quoted-insert)5 E 152.67("C-R" ->)151.2 204 R(re)5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G (rse-search-history).15 E 153.78("C-S" ->)151.2 216 R(forw)5 E (ard-search-history)-.1 E 153.23("C-T" ->)151.2 228 R(transpose-chars)5 E 152.12("C-U" ->)151.2 240 R(unix-line-discard)5 E 152.12("C-V" ->)151.2 252 R (quoted-insert)5 E 149.9("C-W" ->)151.2 264 R(unix-w)5 E(ord-rubout)-.1 E 152.12("C-Y" ->)151.2 276 R(yank)5 E 156.01("C-[" ->)151.2 288 R(abort)5 E 159.341 3.333("" -)151.2 300 T 5(>f)334.53 300 S(orw)348.5 300 Q(ard-char)-.1 E 164.34("#" ->)151.2 312 R(vi-comment)5 E 164.34("$" ->)151.2 324 R(end-of-line) 5 E 161.01("%" ->)151.2 336 R(vi-match)5 E 161.56("&" ->)151.2 348 R (vi-tilde-e)5 E(xpand)-.15 E 164.34("*" ->)151.2 360 R(vi-complete)5 E 163.7 ("+" ->)151.2 372 R(do)5 E(wn-history)-.25 E 166.84("," ->)151.2 384 R(vi-char) 5 E(-search)-.2 E 166.01("-" ->)151.2 396 R(pre)5 E(vious-history)-.25 E 166.84 ("." ->)151.2 408 R(vi-redo)5 E 166.56("/" ->)151.2 420 R(vi-search)5 E 164.34 ("0" ->)151.2 432 R(be)5 E(ginning-of-line)-.15 E("1" to "9")151.2 444 Q 2.5 (-> vi-ar)331.2 444 R(g-digit)-.18 E 166.56(";" ->)151.2 456 R(vi-char)5 E (-search)-.2 E 163.7("=" ->)151.2 468 R(vi-complete)5 E 164.9("?" ->)151.2 480 R(vi-search)5 E 160.13("@" ->)151.2 492 R(is unde\214ned)5 E 162.12("A" ->) 151.2 504 R(vi-append-eol)5 E 162.67("B" ->)151.2 516 R(vi-pre)5 E(v-w)-.25 E (ord)-.1 E 162.67("C" ->)151.2 528 R(vi-change-to)5 E 162.12("D" ->)151.2 540 R (vi-delete-to)5 E 163.23("E" ->)151.2 552 R(vi-end-w)5 E(ord)-.1 E 163.78 ("F" ->)151.2 564 R(vi-char)5 E(-search)-.2 E 166.01("I" ->)151.2 576 R (vi-insert-be)5 E(g)-.15 E 162.12("N" ->)151.2 588 R(vi-search-ag)5 E(ain)-.05 E 163.78("P" ->)151.2 600 R(vi-put)5 E 162.67("R" ->)151.2 612 R(vi-replace)5 E 163.78("S" ->)151.2 624 R(vi-subst)5 E 163.23("T" ->)151.2 636 R(vi-char)5 E (-search)-.2 E 162.12("U" ->)151.2 648 R(re)5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(rt-line).15 E 159.9("W" ->)151.2 660 R(vi-ne)5 E(xt-w)-.15 E(ord)-.1 E 162.12("X" ->)151.2 672 R(backw)5 E(ard-delete-char)-.1 E 162.12("Y" ->)151.2 684 R(vi-yank-to)5 E 166.56("\\" ->)151.2 696 R(vi-complete)5 E 166.01("^" ->)151.2 708 R (vi-\214rst-print)5 E 164.34("_" ->)151.2 720 R(vi-yank-ar)5 E(g)-.18 E 184.005 (GNU 1994)72 768 R(July 26)2.5 E(11)530 768 Q EP %%Page: 12 12 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF 342.2(READLINE\(3\) READLINE\(3\))72 48 R 164.9("a" ->) 151.2 84 R(vi-append-mode)5 E 164.34("b" ->)151.2 96 R(vi-pre)5 E(v-w)-.25 E (ord)-.1 E 164.9("c" ->)151.2 108 R(vi-change-to)5 E 164.34("d" ->)151.2 120 R (vi-delete-to)5 E 164.9("e" ->)151.2 132 R(vi-end-w)5 E(ord)-.1 E 166.01 ("f" ->)151.2 144 R(vi-char)5 E(-search)-.2 E 164.34("h" ->)151.2 156 R(backw)5 E(ard-char)-.1 E 166.56("i" ->)151.2 168 R(vi-insertion-mode)5 E 166.56("j" ->) 151.2 180 R(ne)5 E(xt-history)-.15 E 164.34("k" ->)151.2 192 R(pre)5 E (v-history)-.25 E 166.56("l" ->)151.2 204 R(forw)5 E(ard-char)-.1 E 164.34 ("n" ->)151.2 216 R(vi-search-ag)5 E(ain)-.05 E 166.01("r" ->)151.2 228 R (vi-change-char)5 E 165.45("s" ->)151.2 240 R(vi-subst)5 E 166.56("t" ->)151.2 252 R(vi-char)5 E(-search)-.2 E 164.34("u" ->)151.2 264 R(undo)5 E 162.12 ("w" ->)151.2 276 R(vi-ne)5 E(xt-w)-.15 E(ord)-.1 E 164.34("x" ->)151.2 288 R (vi-delete)5 E 164.34("y" ->)151.2 300 R(vi-yank-to)5 E 167.34("|" ->)151.2 312 R(vi-column)5 E 166.01("~" ->)151.2 324 R(vi-change-case)5 E/F1 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SEE ALSO)72 340.8 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(The Gnu Readline Libr)108 352.8 Q(ary)-.15 E F0 2.5(,B)C(rian F)225.35 352.8 Q(ox and Chet Rame)-.15 E(y)-.15 E F2(The Gnu History Libr)108 364.8 Q(ary)-.15 E F0 2.5(,B)C(rian F)219.8 364.8 Q (ox and Chet Rame)-.15 E(y)-.15 E F2(bash)108 376.8 Q F0(\(1\))A F1(FILES)72 393.6 Q F2(~/.inputr)109.666 405.6 Q(c)-.37 E F0(Indi)144 417.6 Q(vidual)-.25 E /F3 10/Times-Bold@0 SF -.18(re)2.5 G(adline).18 E F0(initialization \214le)2.5 E F1 -.45(AU)72 434.4 S(THORS).45 E F0(Brian F)144 446.4 Q(ox, Free Softw)-.15 E(are F)-.1 E(oundation \(primary author\))-.15 E(bfox@ai.MIT)144 458.4 Q(.Edu) -.74 E(Chet Rame)144 475.2 Q 1.3 -.65(y, C)-.15 H(ase W).65 E(estern Reserv)-.8 E 2.5(eU)-.15 G(ni)296.66 475.2 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(rsity).15 E(chet@ins.CWR)144 487.2 Q(U.Edu)-.4 E F1 -.09(BU)72 504 S 2.25(GR).09 G(EPOR)100.161 504 Q(TS) -.36 E F0 .691(If you \214nd a b)108 516 R .691(ug in)-.2 F F3 -.18(re)3.191 G (adline,).18 E F0 .691(you should report it.)3.191 F .69 (But \214rst, you should mak)5.69 F 3.19(es)-.1 G .69 (ure that it really is a b)436.35 516 R(ug,)-.2 E (and that it appears in the latest v)108 528 Q(ersion of the)-.15 E F3 -.18(re) 2.5 G(adline).18 E F0(library that you ha)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.2 G(.).15 E 10.782 (Once you ha)108 544.8 R 11.082 -.15(ve d)-.2 H 10.782(etermined that a b).15 F 10.782(ug actually e)-.2 F 10.783(xists, mail a b)-.15 F 10.783(ug report to) -.2 F F2(bash\255maintainer)108 556.8 Q(s)-.1 E F0(@)A F2(pr)A(ep.ai.MIT)-.37 E (.Edu)-.74 E F0 5.169(.I)C 2.669(fy)267.359 556.8 S .169(ou ha)278.358 556.8 R .469 -.15(ve a \214)-.2 H .168(x, you are welcome to mail that as well!).15 F (Suggestions)5.168 E 2(and `philosophical' b)108 568.8 R 2.001 (ug reports may be mailed to)-.2 F F2 -.2(bu)4.501 G(g-bash).2 E F0(@)A F2(pr)A (ep.ai.MIT)-.37 E(.Edu)-.74 E F0 2.001(or posted to the Usenet)4.501 F(ne)108 580.8 Q(wsgroup)-.25 E F3(gnu.bash.b)2.5 E(ug)-.2 E F0(.)A(Comments and b)108 597.6 Q(ug reports concerning this manual page should be directed to)-.2 E F2 -.15(ch)2.5 G(et@ins.CWR).15 E -.25(U.)-.4 G(Edu).25 E F0(.).25 E F1 -.09(BU)72 614.4 S(GS).09 E F0(It')108 626.4 Q 2.5(st)-.55 G(oo big and too slo)126.06 626.4 Q -.65(w.)-.25 G 184.005(GNU 1994)72 768 R(July 26)2.5 E(12)530 768 Q EP %%Trailer end %%EOF bash-1.14.3/documentation/readline.txt 664 436 0 120517 5620242400 16110 0ustar chetwheel READLINE(3) C LIBRARY FUNCTIONS READLINE(3) NAME readline - get a line from a user with editing SYNOPSIS #include #include typedef int Function (); char *readline (prompt) char *prompt; int rl_add_defun (name, function, key) char *name; Function *function; int key; int rl_bind_key (key, function) int key; Function *function; int rl_unbind_key (key) int key; int rl_bind_key_in_map (key, function, keymap) int key; Function *function; Keymap keymap; int rl_unbind_key_in_map (key, keymap) int key; Keymap keymap; int rl_macro_bind (keyseq, macro, keymap) char *keyseq, *macro; Keymap keymap; int rl_variable_bind (variable, value) char *variable, *value; int rl_parse_and_bind (line) char *line; int rl_translate_keyseq (keyseq, array, len) char *keyseq, *array; int *len; Function *rl_named_function (command) char *command; Function *rl_function_of_keyseq (keyseq, keymap, type) char *keyseq; GNU Last change: 1994 July 26 1 READLINE(3) C LIBRARY FUNCTIONS READLINE(3) Keymap keymap; int *type; char **rl_invoking_keyseqs (function) Function *function; char **rl_invoking_keyseqs_in_map (function, keymap) Function *function; Keymap keymap; void rl_function_dumper (readable) int readable; char **rl_funmap_names () COPYRIGHT Readline is Copyright (C) 1989, 1991 by the Free Software Foundation, Inc. DESCRIPTION readline will read a line from the terminal and return it, using prompt as a prompt. If prompt is null, no prompt is issued. The line returned is allocated with _m_a_l_l_o_c(3), so the caller must free it when finished. The line returned has the final newline removed, so only the text of the line remains. readline offers editing capabilities while the user is entering the line. By default, the line editing commands are similar to those of emacs. A vi-style line editing interface is also available. In the following descriptions, keymap can be one of _e_m_a_c_s__k_e_y_m_a_p, _e_m_a_c_s__m_e_t_a__k_e_y_m_a_p, _e_m_a_c_s__c_t_l_x__k_e_y_m_a_p, _v_i__i_n_s_e_r_t_i_o_n__k_e_y_m_a_p, _o_r _v_i__m_o_v_e_m_e_n_t__k_e_y_m_a_p. rl_add_defun makes name appear as a bindable readline com- mand, and makes function be the function called when that command is invoked. If key is not -1, it is bound to func- tion in the current keymap. rl_bind_key causes key to invoke function. The binding is made in the current keymap. rl_unbind_key removes the binding for key in the current keymap. rl_bind_key_in_map makes the key entry in keymap invoke function. rl_unbind_key_in_map removes the binding for key in keymap keymap. GNU Last change: 1994 July 26 2 READLINE(3) C LIBRARY FUNCTIONS READLINE(3) rl_macro_bind makes keyseq insert the string macro. The binding is performed in keymap. rl_variable_bind sets the value of the readline variable variable to value. rl_parse_and_bind takes as an argument a line of the same form as the readline startup file (see INITIALIZATION FILE below) and executes the commands therein. rl_translate_keyseq converts keyseq into a new string, stor- ing the result in array. This translates control and meta prefixes and the readline character escape sequences (see Key Bindings below). The length of the translated sequence is returned in *len. rl_named_function returns the function that is executed when the readline command command is invoked. rl_function_of_keyseq returns the function that is executed when keyseq is read and keymap is the current keymap. type is set to indicate whether the return value corresponds to a function, macro, or auxiliary keymap. rl_invoking_keyseqs returns all of the key sequences in the current keymap that invoke function. rl_invoking_keyseqs_in_map returns all of the key sequences in keymap that invoke function. rl_function_dumper prints all of the readline functions and their bindings to the readline output stream. If readable is non-zero, the output is formattted so that it can be read back in to restore the bindings. rl_funmap_names returns an array of all known readline bind- able function names. The array is sorted. RETURN VALUE readline returns the text of the line read. A blank line returns the empty string. If EOF is encountered while read- ing a line, and the line is empty, NULL is returned. If an EOF is read with a non-empty line, it is treated as a new- line. Unless otherwise stated, the other functions return 0 on success and non-zero on failure. NOTATION An emacs-style notation is used to denote keystrokes. Con- trol keys are denoted by C-_k_e_y, e.g., C-n means Control-N. Similarly, _m_e_t_a keys are denoted by M-_k_e_y, so M-x means GNU Last change: 1994 July 26 3 READLINE(3) C LIBRARY FUNCTIONS READLINE(3) Meta-X. (On keyboards without a _m_e_t_a key, M-_x means ESC _x, i.e., press the Escape key then the _x key. This makes ESC the _m_e_t_a _p_r_e_f_i_x. The combination M-C-_x means ESC-Control-_x, or press the Escape key then hold the Control key while pressing the _x key.) Readline commands may be given numeric _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t_s, which nor- mally act as a repeat count. Sometimes, however, it is the sign of the argument that is significant. Passing a nega- tive argument to a command that acts in the forward direc- tion (e.g., kill-line) causes that command to act in a back- ward direction. Commands whose behavior with arguments deviates from this are noted. When a command is described as _k_i_l_l_i_n_g text, the text deleted is saved for possible future retrieval (_y_a_n_k_i_n_g). The killed text is saved in a _k_i_l_l-_r_i_n_g. Consecutive kills cause the text to be accumulated into one unit, which can be yanked all at once. Commands which do not kill text separate the chunks of text on the kill-ring. INITIALIZATION FILE Readline is customized by putting commands in an initializa- tion file. The name of this file is taken from the value of the INPUTRC variable. If that variable is unset, the default is ~/._i_n_p_u_t_r_c. When a program which uses the read- line library starts up, the init file is read, and the key bindings and variables are set. There are only a few basic constructs allowed in the readline init file. Blank lines are ignored. Lines beginning with a # are comments. Lines beginning with a $ indicate conditional constructs. Other lines denote key bindings and variable settings. Each pro- gram using this library may add its own commands and bind- ings. For example, placing M-Control-u: universal-argument or C-Meta-u: universal-argument into the ~/._i_n_p_u_t_r_c would make M-C-u execute the readline command _u_n_i_v_e_r_s_a_l-_a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t. The following symbolic character names are recognized while processing key bindings: _R_U_B_O_U_T, _D_E_L, _E_S_C, _L_F_D, _N_E_W_L_I_N_E, _R_E_T, _R_E_T_U_R_N, _S_P_C, _S_P_A_C_E, and _T_A_B. In addition to command names, readline allows keys to be bound to a string that is inserted when the key is pressed (a _m_a_c_r_o). Key Bindings The syntax for controlling key bindings in the ~/._i_n_p_u_t_r_c file is simple. All that is required is the name of the GNU Last change: 1994 July 26 4 READLINE(3) C LIBRARY FUNCTIONS READLINE(3) command or the text of a macro and a key sequence to which it should be bound. The name may be specified in one of two ways: as a symbolic key name, possibly with _M_e_t_a- or _C_o_n_- _t_r_o_l- prefixes, or as a key sequence. When using the form keyname:_f_u_n_c_t_i_o_n-_n_a_m_e or _m_a_c_r_o, _k_e_y_n_a_m_e is the name of a key spelled out in English. For example: Control-u: universal-argument Meta-Rubout: backward-kill-word Control-o: ">&output" In the above example, _C-_u is bound to the function universal-argument, _M-_D_E_L is bound to the function backward-kill-word, and _C-_o is bound to run the macro expressed on the right hand side (that is, to insert the text >&_o_u_t_p_u_t into the line). In the second form, "keyseq":_f_u_n_c_t_i_o_n-_n_a_m_e or _m_a_c_r_o, keyseq differs from keyname above in that strings denoting an entire key sequence may be specified by placing the sequence within double quotes. Some GNU Emacs style key escapes can be used, as in the following example. "\C-u": universal-argument "\C-x\C-r": re-read-init-file "\e[11~": "Function Key 1" In this example, _C-_u is again bound to the function universal-argument. _C-_x _C-_r is bound to the function re-read-init-file, and _E_S_C [ _1 _1 ~ is bound to insert the text Function Key 1. The full set of escape sequences is \C- control prefix \M- meta prefix \e an escape character \\ backslash " \" literal " \' literal ' When entering the text of a macro, single or double quotes should be used to indicate a macro definition. Unquoted text is assumed to be a function name. Backslash will quote any character in the macro text, including " and '. Bash allows the current readline key bindings to be displayed or modified with the bind builtin command. The editing mode may be switched during interactive use by using GNU Last change: 1994 July 26 5 READLINE(3) C LIBRARY FUNCTIONS READLINE(3) the -o option to the set builtin command. Other programs using this library provide similar mechanisms. The _i_n_p_u_t_r_c file may be edited and re-read if a program does not provide any other means to incorporate new bindings. Variables Readline has variables that can be used to further customize its behavior. A variable may be set in the _i_n_p_u_t_r_c file with a statement of the form set _v_a_r_i_a_b_l_e-_n_a_m_e _v_a_l_u_e Except where noted, readline variables can take the values On or Off. The variables and their default values are: horizontal-scroll-mode (Off) When set to On, makes readline use a single line for display, scrolling the input horizontally on a single screen line when it becomes longer than the screen width rather than wrapping to a new line. editing-mode (emacs) Controls whether readline begins with a set of key bindings similar to _e_m_a_c_s or _v_i. editing-mode can be set to either emacs or vi. mark-modified-lines (Off) If set to On, history lines that have been modified are displayed with a preceding asterisk (*). bell-style (audible) Controls what happens when readline wants to ring the terminal bell. If set to none, readline never rings the bell. If set to visible, readline uses a visible bell if one is available. If set to audible, readline attempts to ring the terminal's bell. comment-begin (``#'') The string that is inserted in vi mode when the vi-comment command is executed. meta-flag (Off) If set to On, readline will enable eight-bit input (that is, it will not strip the high bit from the char- acters it reads), regardless of what the terminal claims it can support. convert-meta (On) If set to On, readline will convert characters with the eighth bit set to an ASCII key sequence by stripping the eighth bit and prepending an escape character (in effect, using escape as the _m_e_t_a _p_r_e_f_i_x). output-meta (Off) If set to On, readline will display characters with the eighth bit set directly rather than as a meta-prefixed escape sequence. completion-query-items (100) This determines when the user is queried about viewing GNU Last change: 1994 July 26 6 READLINE(3) C LIBRARY FUNCTIONS READLINE(3) the number of possible completions generated by the possible-completions command. It may be set to any integer value greater than or equal to zero. If the number of possible completions is greater than or equal to the value of this variable, the user is asked whether or not he wishes to view them; otherwise they are simply listed on the terminal. keymap (emacs) Set the current readline keymap. The set of legal key- map names is _e_m_a_c_s, _e_m_a_c_s-_s_t_a_n_d_a_r_d, _e_m_a_c_s-_m_e_t_a, _e_m_a_c_s- _c_t_l_x, _v_i, _v_i-_m_o_v_e, _v_i-_c_o_m_m_a_n_d, and _v_i-_i_n_s_e_r_t. _v_i is equivalent to _v_i-_c_o_m_m_a_n_d; _e_m_a_c_s is equivalent to _e_m_a_c_s-_s_t_a_n_d_a_r_d. The default value is _e_m_a_c_s; the value of editing-mode also affects the default keymap. show-all-if-ambiguous (Off) This alters the default behavior of the completion functions. If set to on, words which have more than one possible completion cause the matches to be listed immediately instead of ringing the bell. expand-tilde (Off) If set to on, tilde expansion is performed when read- line attempts word completion. Conditional Constructs Readline implements a facility similar in spirit to the con- ditional compilation features of the C preprocessor which allows key bindings and variable settings to be performed as the result of tests. There are three parser directives used. $if The $if construct allows bindings to be made based on the editing mode, the terminal being used, or the application using readline. The text of the test extends to the end of the line; no characters are required to isolate it. mode The mode= form of the $if directive is used to test whether readline is in emacs or vi mode. This may be used in conjunction with the set key- map command, for instance, to set bindings in the _e_m_a_c_s-_s_t_a_n_d_a_r_d and _e_m_a_c_s-_c_t_l_x keymaps only if readline is starting out in emacs mode. term The term= form may be used to include terminal- specific key bindings, perhaps to bind the key sequences output by the terminal's function keys. The word on the right side of the = is tested against the full name of the terminal and the por- tion of the terminal name before the first -. This allows _s_u_n to match both _s_u_n and _s_u_n-_c_m_d, for instance. GNU Last change: 1994 July 26 7 READLINE(3) C LIBRARY FUNCTIONS READLINE(3) application The application construct is used to include application-specific settings. Each program using the readline library sets the _a_p_p_l_i_c_a_t_i_o_n _n_a_m_e, and an initialization file can test for a particu- lar value. This could be used to bind key sequences to functions useful for a specific pro- gram. For instance, the following command adds a key sequence that quotes the current or previous word in Bash: $if bash # Quote the current or previous word "\C-xq": "\eb\"\ef\"" $endif $endif This command, as you saw in the previous example, ter- minates an $if command. $else Commands in this branch of the $if directive are exe- cuted if the test fails. EDITING COMMANDS The following is a list of the names of the commands and the default key sequences to which they are bound. Commands for Moving beginning-of-line (C-a) Move to the start of the current line. end-of-line (C-e) Move to the end of the line. forward-char (C-f) Move forward a character. backward-char (C-b) Move back a character. forward-word (M-f) Move forward to the end of the next word. Words are composed of alphanumeric characters (letters and digits). backward-word (M-b) Move back to the start of this, or the previous, word. Words are composed of alphanumeric characters (letters and digits). clear-screen (C-l) Clear the screen leaving the current line at the top of the screen. With an argument, refresh the current line without clearing the screen. redraw-current-line Refresh the current line. By default, this is unbound. GNU Last change: 1994 July 26 8 READLINE(3) C LIBRARY FUNCTIONS READLINE(3) Commands for Manipulating the History accept-line (Newline, Return) Accept the line regardless of where the cursor is. If this line is non-empty, add it to the history list. If the line is a modified history line, then restore the history line to its original state. previous-history (C-p) Fetch the previous command from the history list, mov- ing back in the list. next-history (C-n) Fetch the next command from the history list, moving forward in the list. beginning-of-history (M-<) Move to the first line in the history. end-of-history (M->) Move to the end of the input history, i.e., the line currently being entered. reverse-search-history (C-r) Search backward starting at the current line and moving `up' through the history as necessary. This is an incremental search. forward-search-history (C-s) Search forward starting at the current line and moving `down' through the history as necessary. This is an incremental search. non-incremental-reverse-search-history (M-p) Search backward through the history starting at the current line using a non-incremental search for a string supplied by the user. non-incremental-forward-search-history (M-n) Search forward through the history using a non-incremental search for a string supplied by the user. history-search-forward Search forward through the history for the string of characters between the start of the current line and the current point. This is a non-incremental search. By default, this command is unbound. history-search-backward Search backward through the history for the string of characters between the start of the current line and the current point. This is a non-incremental search. By default, this command is unbound. yank-nth-arg (M-C-y) Insert the first argument to the previous command (usu- ally the second word on the previous line) at point (the current cursor position). With an argument _n, insert the _nth word from the previous command (the words in the previous command begin with word 0). A negative argument inserts the _nth word from the end of the previous command. yank-last-arg (M-., M-_) GNU Last change: 1994 July 26 9 READLINE(3) C LIBRARY FUNCTIONS READLINE(3) Insert the last argument to the previous command (the last word on the previous line). With an argument, behave exactly like @code{yank-nth-arg}. Commands for Changing Text delete-char (C-d) Delete the character under the cursor. If point is at the beginning of the line, there are no characters in the line, and the last character typed was not C-d, then return EOF. backward-delete-char (Rubout) Delete the character behind the cursor. When given a numeric argument, save the deleted text on the kill-ring. quoted-insert (C-q, C-v) Add the next character that you type to the line verba- tim. This is how to insert characters like C-q, for example. tab-insert (M-TAB) Insert a tab character. self-insert (a, b, A, 1, !, ...) Insert the character typed. transpose-chars (C-t) Drag the character before point forward over the char- acter at point. Point moves forward as well. If point is at the end of the line, then transpose the two char- acters before point. Negative arguments don't work. transpose-words (M-t) Drag the word behind the cursor past the word in front of the cursor moving the cursor over that word as well. upcase-word (M-u) Uppercase the current (or following) word. With a negative argument, do the previous word, but do not move point. downcase-word (M-l) Lowercase the current (or following) word. With a negative argument, do the previous word, but do not move point. capitalize-word (M-c) Capitalize the current (or following) word. With a negative argument, do the previous word, but do not move point. Killing and Yanking kill-line (C-k) Kill the text from the current cursor position to the end of the line. backward-kill-line (C-x Rubout) Kill backward to the beginning of the line. unix-line-discard (C-u) Kill backward from point to the beginning of the line. kill-whole-line GNU Last change: 1994 July 26 10 READLINE(3) C LIBRARY FUNCTIONS READLINE(3) Kill all characters on the current line, no matter where the cursor is. By default, this is unbound. kill-word (M-d) Kill from the cursor to the end of the current word, or if between words, to the end of the next word. Word boundaries are the same as those used by forward-word. backward-kill-word (M-Rubout) Kill the word behind the cursor. Word boundaries are the same as those used by backward-word. unix-word-rubout (C-w) Kill the word behind the cursor, using white space as a word boundary. The word boundaries are different from backward-kill-word. delete-horizontal-space Delete all spaces and tabs around point. By default, this is unbound. yank (C-y) Yank the top of the kill ring into the buffer at the cursor. yank-pop (M-y) Rotate the kill-ring, and yank the new top. Only works following yank or yank-pop. Numeric Arguments digit-argument (M-0, M-1, ..., M--) Add this digit to the argument already accumulating, or start a new argument. M-- starts a negative argument. universal-argument Each time this is executed, the argument count is mul- tiplied by four. The argument count is initially one, so executing this function the first time makes the argument count four. By default, this is not bound to a key. Completing complete (TAB) Attempt to perform completion on the text before point. The actual completion performed is application- specific. Bash, for instance, attempts completion treating the text as a variable (if the text begins with $), username (if the text begins with ~), hostname (if the text begins with @), or command (including aliases and functions) in turn. If none of these pro- duces a match, filename completion is attempted. Gdb, on the other hand, allows completion of program func- tions and variables, and only attempts filename comple- tion under certain circumstances. possible-completions (M-?) List the possible completions of the text before point. insert-completions Insert all completions of the text before point that would have been generated by possible-completions. By GNU Last change: 1994 July 26 11 READLINE(3) C LIBRARY FUNCTIONS READLINE(3) default, this is not bound to a key. Keyboard Macros start-kbd-macro (C-x () Begin saving the characters typed into the current key- board macro. end-kbd-macro (C-x )) Stop saving the characters typed into the current key- board macro and save the definition. call-last-kbd-macro (C-x e) Re-execute the last keyboard macro defined, by making the characters in the macro appear as if typed at the keyboard. Miscellaneous re-read-init-file (C-x C-r) Read in the contents of your init file, and incorporate any bindings or variable assignments found there. abort (C-g) Abort the current editing command and ring the terminal's bell (subject to the setting of bell-style). do-uppercase-version (M-a, M-b, ...) Run the command that is bound to the corresponding uppercase character. prefix-meta (ESC) Metafy the next character typed. ESC f is equivalent to Meta-f. undo (C-_, C-x C-u) Incremental undo, separately remembered for each line. revert-line (M-r) Undo all changes made to this line. This is like typ- ing the undo command enough times to return the line to its initial state. tilde-expand (M-~) Perform tilde expansion on the current word. dump-functions Print all of the functions and their key bindings to the readline output stream. If a numeric argument is supplied, the output is formatted in such a way that it can be made part of an _i_n_p_u_t_r_c file. emacs-editing-mode (C-e) When in vi editing mode, this causes a switch to emacs editing mode. vi-editing-mode (M-C-j) When in emacs editing mode, this causes a switch to vi editing mode. DEFAULT KEY BINDINGS The following is a list of the default emacs and vi bind- ings. Characters with the 8th bit set are written as M- , and are referred to as _m_e_t_a_f_i_e_d characters. The printable ASCII characters not mentioned in the list of GNU Last change: 1994 July 26 12 READLINE(3) C LIBRARY FUNCTIONS READLINE(3) emacs standard bindings are bound to the _s_e_l_f-_i_n_s_e_r_t func- tion, which just inserts the given character into the input line. In vi insertion mode, all characters not specifically mentioned are bound to _s_e_l_f-_i_n_s_e_r_t. Characters assigned to signal generation by _s_t_t_y(1) or the terminal driver, such as C-Z or C-C, retain that function. Upper and lower case _m_e_t_a_f_i_e_d characters are bound to the same function in the emacs mode meta keymap. The remaining characters are unbound, which causes readline to ring the bell (subject to the setting of the bell-style variable). Emacs Mode Emacs Standard bindings "C-A" -> beginning-of-line "C-B" -> backward-char "C-D" -> delete-char "C-E" -> end-of-line "C-F" -> forward-char "C-G" -> abort "C-H" -> backward-delete-char "C-I" -> complete "C-J" -> accept-line "C-K" -> kill-line "C-L" -> clear-screen "C-M" -> accept-line "C-N" -> next-history "C-P" -> previous-history "C-Q" -> quoted-insert "C-R" -> reverse-search-history "C-S" -> forward-search-history "C-T" -> transpose-chars "C-U" -> unix-line-discard "C-V" -> quoted-insert "C-W" -> unix-word-rubout "C-Y" -> yank "C-_" -> undo " " to "/" -> self-insert "0" to "9" -> self-insert ":" to "~" -> self-insert "C-?" -> backward-delete-char Emacs Meta bindings "M-C-H" -> backward-kill-word "M-C-I" -> tab-insert "M-C-J" -> vi-editing-mode "M-C-M" -> vi-editing-mode "M-C-R" -> revert-line "M-C-Y" -> yank-nth-arg "M-C-[" -> complete "M-&" -> tilde-expand GNU Last change: 1994 July 26 13 READLINE(3) C LIBRARY FUNCTIONS READLINE(3) "M--" -> digit-argument "M-0" -> digit-argument "M-1" -> digit-argument "M-2" -> digit-argument "M-3" -> digit-argument "M-4" -> digit-argument "M-5" -> digit-argument "M-6" -> digit-argument "M-7" -> digit-argument "M-8" -> digit-argument "M-9" -> digit-argument "M-<" -> beginning-of-history "M->" -> end-of-history "M-?" -> possible-completions "M-B" -> backward-word "M-C" -> capitalize-word "M-D" -> kill-word "M-F" -> forward-word "M-L" -> downcase-word "M-N" -> non-incremental-forward-search-history "M-O" -> arrow-key-prefix "M-P" -> non-incremental-reverse-search-history "M-R" -> revert-line "M-T" -> transpose-words "M-U" -> upcase-word "M-Y" -> yank-pop "M-C-Y" -> yank-nth-arg "M-C-?" -> backward-delete-word Emacs Control-X bindings "C-XC-G" -> abort "C-XC-R" -> re-read-init-file "C-XC-U" -> undo "C-X(" -> start-kbd-macro "C-X)" -> end-kbd-macro "C-Xe" -> call-last-kbd-macro "C-XC-?" -> backward-kill-line VI Mode bindings VI Insert Mode functions "C-D" -> vi-eof-maybe "C-H" -> backward-delete-char "C-I" -> complete "C-J" -> accept-line "C-K" -> kill-line "C-L" -> clear-screen "C-M" -> accept-line "C-N" -> next-history "C-P" -> previous-history GNU Last change: 1994 July 26 14 READLINE(3) C LIBRARY FUNCTIONS READLINE(3) "C-Q" -> quoted-insert "C-R" -> reverse-search-history "C-S" -> forward-search-history "C-T" -> transpose-chars "C-U" -> unix-line-discard "C-V" -> quoted-insert "C-W" -> unix-word-rubout "C-Y" -> yank "C-[" -> vi-movement-mode " " to "~" -> self-insert "C-?" -> backward-delete-char VI Command Mode functions "C-D" -> vi-eof-maybe "C-E" -> emacs-editing-mode "C-G" -> abort "C-H" -> backward-char "C-J" -> accept-line "C-K" -> kill-line "C-L" -> clear-screen "C-M" -> accept-line "C-N" -> next-history "C-P" -> previous-history "C-Q" -> quoted-insert "C-R" -> reverse-search-history "C-S" -> forward-search-history "C-T" -> transpose-chars "C-U" -> unix-line-discard "C-V" -> quoted-insert "C-W" -> unix-word-rubout "C-Y" -> yank "C-[" -> abort " " -> forward-char "#" -> vi-comment "$" -> end-of-line "%" -> vi-match "&" -> vi-tilde-expand "*" -> vi-complete "+" -> down-history "," -> vi-char-search "-" -> previous-history "." -> vi-redo "/" -> vi-search "0" -> beginning-of-line "1" to "9" -> vi-arg-digit ";" -> vi-char-search "=" -> vi-complete "?" -> vi-search "@" -> is undefined "A" -> vi-append-eol "B" -> vi-prev-word GNU Last change: 1994 July 26 15 READLINE(3) C LIBRARY FUNCTIONS READLINE(3) "C" -> vi-change-to "D" -> vi-delete-to "E" -> vi-end-word "F" -> vi-char-search "I" -> vi-insert-beg "N" -> vi-search-again "P" -> vi-put "R" -> vi-replace "S" -> vi-subst "T" -> vi-char-search "U" -> revert-line "W" -> vi-next-word "X" -> backward-delete-char "Y" -> vi-yank-to "\" -> vi-complete "^" -> vi-first-print "_" -> vi-yank-arg "a" -> vi-append-mode "b" -> vi-prev-word "c" -> vi-change-to "d" -> vi-delete-to "e" -> vi-end-word "f" -> vi-char-search "h" -> backward-char "i" -> vi-insertion-mode "j" -> next-history "k" -> prev-history "l" -> forward-char "n" -> vi-search-again "r" -> vi-change-char "s" -> vi-subst "t" -> vi-char-search "u" -> undo "w" -> vi-next-word "x" -> vi-delete "y" -> vi-yank-to "|" -> vi-column "~" -> vi-change-case SEE ALSO _T_h_e _G_n_u _R_e_a_d_l_i_n_e _L_i_b_r_a_r_y, Brian Fox and Chet Ramey _T_h_e _G_n_u _H_i_s_t_o_r_y _L_i_b_r_a_r_y, Brian Fox and Chet Ramey _b_a_s_h(1) FILES ~/._i_n_p_u_t_r_c Individual readline initialization file AUTHORS Brian Fox, Free Software Foundation (primary author) bfox@ai.MIT.Edu GNU Last change: 1994 July 26 16 READLINE(3) C LIBRARY FUNCTIONS READLINE(3) Chet Ramey, Case Western Reserve University chet@ins.CWRU.Edu BUG REPORTS If you find a bug in readline, you should report it. But first, you should make sure that it really is a bug, and that it appears in the latest version of the readline library that you have. Once you have determined that a bug actually exists, mail a bug report to _b_a_s_h-_m_a_i_n_t_a_i_n_e_r_s@_p_r_e_p._a_i._M_I_T._E_d_u. If you have a fix, you are welcome to mail that as well! Suggestions and `philosophical' bug reports may be mailed to _b_u_g- _b_a_s_h@_p_r_e_p._a_i._M_I_T._E_d_u or posted to the Usenet newsgroup gnu.bash.bug. Comments and bug reports concerning this manual page should be directed to _c_h_e_t@_i_n_s._C_W_R_U._E_d_u. BUGS It's too big and too slow. GNU Last change: 1994 July 26 17 bash-1.14.3/documentation/texinfo.tex 664 436 0 400265 5446110011 15761 0ustar chetwheel%% TeX macros to handle texinfo files % Copyright (C) 1985, 86, 88, 90, 91, 92, 1993 Free Software Foundation, Inc. %This texinfo.tex file is free software; you can redistribute it and/or %modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as %published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at %your option) any later version. %This texinfo.tex file is distributed in the hope that it will be %useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty %of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU %General Public License for more details. %You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License %along with this texinfo.tex file; see the file COPYING. If not, write %to the Free Software Foundation, 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, %USA. %In other words, you are welcome to use, share and improve this program. %You are forbidden to forbid anyone else to use, share and improve %what you give them. Help stamp out software-hoarding! \def\texinfoversion{2.108} \message{Loading texinfo package [Version \texinfoversion]:} % Print the version number if in a .fmt file. \everyjob{\message{[Texinfo version \texinfoversion]}\message{}} % Save some parts of plain tex whose names we will redefine. \let\ptexlbrace=\{ \let\ptexrbrace=\} \let\ptexdots=\dots \let\ptexdot=\. \let\ptexstar=\* \let\ptexend=\end \let\ptexbullet=\bullet \let\ptexb=\b \let\ptexc=\c \let\ptexi=\i \let\ptext=\t \let\ptexl=\l \let\ptexL=\L \def\tie{\penalty 10000\ } % Save plain tex definition of ~. \message{Basics,} \chardef\other=12 % If this character appears in an error message or help string, it % starts a new line in the output. \newlinechar = `^^J % Ignore a token. % \def\gobble#1{} \hyphenation{ap-pen-dix} \hyphenation{mini-buf-fer mini-buf-fers} \hyphenation{eshell} % Margin to add to right of even pages, to left of odd pages. \newdimen \bindingoffset \bindingoffset=0pt \newdimen \normaloffset \normaloffset=\hoffset \newdimen\pagewidth \newdimen\pageheight \pagewidth=\hsize \pageheight=\vsize % Sometimes it is convenient to have everything in the transcript file % and nothing on the terminal. We don't just call \tracingall here, % since that produces some useless output on the terminal. % \def\gloggingall{\begingroup \globaldefs = 1 \loggingall \endgroup}% \def\loggingall{\tracingcommands2 \tracingstats2 \tracingpages1 \tracingoutput1 \tracinglostchars1 \tracingmacros2 \tracingparagraphs1 \tracingrestores1 \showboxbreadth\maxdimen\showboxdepth\maxdimen }% %---------------------Begin change----------------------- % %%%% For @cropmarks command. % Dimensions to add cropmarks at corners Added by P. A. MacKay, 12 Nov. 1986 % \newdimen\cornerlong \newdimen\cornerthick \newdimen \topandbottommargin \newdimen \outerhsize \newdimen \outervsize \cornerlong=1pc\cornerthick=.3pt % These set size of cropmarks \outerhsize=7in %\outervsize=9.5in % Alternative @smallbook page size is 9.25in \outervsize=9.25in \topandbottommargin=.75in % %---------------------End change----------------------- % \onepageout takes a vbox as an argument. Note that \pagecontents % does insertions itself, but you have to call it yourself. \chardef\PAGE=255 \output={\onepageout{\pagecontents\PAGE}} \def\onepageout#1{\hoffset=\normaloffset \ifodd\pageno \advance\hoffset by \bindingoffset \else \advance\hoffset by -\bindingoffset\fi {\escapechar=`\\\relax % makes sure backslash is used in output files. \shipout\vbox{{\let\hsize=\pagewidth \makeheadline} \pagebody{#1}% {\let\hsize=\pagewidth \makefootline}}}% \advancepageno \ifnum\outputpenalty>-20000 \else\dosupereject\fi} %%%% For @cropmarks command %%%% % Here is a modification of the main output routine for Near East Publications % This provides right-angle cropmarks at all four corners. % The contents of the page are centerlined into the cropmarks, % and any desired binding offset is added as an \hskip on either % site of the centerlined box. (P. A. MacKay, 12 November, 1986) % \def\croppageout#1{\hoffset=0pt % make sure this doesn't mess things up {\escapechar=`\\\relax % makes sure backslash is used in output files. \shipout \vbox to \outervsize{\hsize=\outerhsize \vbox{\line{\ewtop\hfill\ewtop}} \nointerlineskip \line{\vbox{\moveleft\cornerthick\nstop} \hfill \vbox{\moveright\cornerthick\nstop}} \vskip \topandbottommargin \centerline{\ifodd\pageno\hskip\bindingoffset\fi \vbox{ {\let\hsize=\pagewidth \makeheadline} \pagebody{#1} {\let\hsize=\pagewidth \makefootline}} \ifodd\pageno\else\hskip\bindingoffset\fi} \vskip \topandbottommargin plus1fill minus1fill \boxmaxdepth\cornerthick \line{\vbox{\moveleft\cornerthick\nsbot} \hfill \vbox{\moveright\cornerthick\nsbot}} \nointerlineskip \vbox{\line{\ewbot\hfill\ewbot}} }} \advancepageno \ifnum\outputpenalty>-20000 \else\dosupereject\fi} % % Do @cropmarks to get crop marks \def\cropmarks{\let\onepageout=\croppageout } \def\pagebody#1{\vbox to\pageheight{\boxmaxdepth=\maxdepth #1}} {\catcode`\@ =11 \gdef\pagecontents#1{\ifvoid\topins\else\unvbox\topins\fi \dimen@=\dp#1 \unvbox#1 \ifvoid\footins\else\vskip\skip\footins\footnoterule \unvbox\footins\fi \ifr@ggedbottom \kern-\dimen@ \vfil \fi} } % % Here are the rules for the cropmarks. Note that they are % offset so that the space between them is truly \outerhsize or \outervsize % (P. A. MacKay, 12 November, 1986) % \def\ewtop{\vrule height\cornerthick depth0pt width\cornerlong} \def\nstop{\vbox {\hrule height\cornerthick depth\cornerlong width\cornerthick}} \def\ewbot{\vrule height0pt depth\cornerthick width\cornerlong} \def\nsbot{\vbox {\hrule height\cornerlong depth\cornerthick width\cornerthick}} % Parse an argument, then pass it to #1. The argument is the rest of % the input line (except we remove a trailing comment). #1 should be a % macro which expects an ordinary undelimited TeX argument. % \def\parsearg#1{% \let\next = #1% \begingroup \obeylines \futurelet\temp\parseargx } % If the next token is an obeyed space (from an @example environment or % the like), remove it and recurse. Otherwise, we're done. \def\parseargx{% % \obeyedspace is defined far below, after the definition of \sepspaces. \ifx\obeyedspace\temp \expandafter\parseargdiscardspace \else \expandafter\parseargline \fi } % Remove a single space (as the delimiter token to the macro call). {\obeyspaces % \gdef\parseargdiscardspace {\futurelet\temp\parseargx}} {\obeylines % \gdef\parseargline#1^^M{% \endgroup % End of the group started in \parsearg. % % First remove any @c comment, then any @comment. % Result of each macro is put in \toks0. \argremovec #1\c\relax % \expandafter\argremovecomment \the\toks0 \comment\relax % % % Call the caller's macro, saved as \next in \parsearg. \expandafter\next\expandafter{\the\toks0}% }% } % Since all \c{,omment} does is throw away the argument, we can let TeX % do that for us. The \relax here is matched by the \relax in the call % in \parseargline; it could be more or less anything, its purpose is % just to delimit the argument to the \c. \def\argremovec#1\c#2\relax{\toks0 = {#1}} \def\argremovecomment#1\comment#2\relax{\toks0 = {#1}} % \argremovec{,omment} might leave us with trailing spaces, though; e.g., % @end itemize @c foo % will have two active spaces as part of the argument with the % `itemize'. Here we remove all active spaces from #1, and assign the % result to \toks0. % % This loses if there are any *other* active characters besides spaces % in the argument -- _ ^ +, for example -- since they get expanded. % Fortunately, Texinfo does not define any such commands. (If it ever % does, the catcode of the characters in questionwill have to be changed % here.) But this means we cannot call \removeactivespaces as part of % \argremovec{,omment}, since @c uses \parsearg, and thus the argument % that \parsearg gets might well have any character at all in it. % \def\removeactivespaces#1{% \begingroup \ignoreactivespaces \edef\temp{#1}% \global\toks0 = \expandafter{\temp}% \endgroup } % Change the active space to expand to nothing. % \begingroup \obeyspaces \gdef\ignoreactivespaces{\obeyspaces\let =\empty} \endgroup \def\flushcr{\ifx\par\lisppar \def\next##1{}\else \let\next=\relax \fi \next} %% These are used to keep @begin/@end levels from running away %% Call \inENV within environments (after a \begingroup) \newif\ifENV \ENVfalse \def\inENV{\ifENV\relax\else\ENVtrue\fi} \def\ENVcheck{% \ifENV\errmessage{Still within an environment. Type Return to continue.} \endgroup\fi} % This is not perfect, but it should reduce lossage % @begin foo is the same as @foo, for now. \newhelp\EMsimple{Type to continue.} \outer\def\begin{\parsearg\beginxxx} \def\beginxxx #1{% \expandafter\ifx\csname #1\endcsname\relax {\errhelp=\EMsimple \errmessage{Undefined command @begin #1}}\else \csname #1\endcsname\fi} % @end foo executes the definition of \Efoo. % \def\end{\parsearg\endxxx} \def\endxxx #1{% \removeactivespaces{#1}% \edef\endthing{\the\toks0}% % \expandafter\ifx\csname E\endthing\endcsname\relax \expandafter\ifx\csname \endthing\endcsname\relax % There's no \foo, i.e., no ``environment'' foo. \errhelp = \EMsimple \errmessage{Undefined command `@end \endthing'}% \else \unmatchedenderror\endthing \fi \else % Everything's ok; the right environment has been started. \csname E\endthing\endcsname \fi } % There is an environment #1, but it hasn't been started. Give an error. % \def\unmatchedenderror#1{% \errhelp = \EMsimple \errmessage{This `@end #1' doesn't have a matching `@#1'}% } % Define the control sequence \E#1 to give an unmatched @end error. % \def\defineunmatchedend#1{% \expandafter\def\csname E#1\endcsname{\unmatchedenderror{#1}}% } % Single-spacing is done by various environments (specifically, in % \nonfillstart and \quotations). \newskip\singlespaceskip \singlespaceskip = \baselineskip \def\singlespace{% % Why was this kern here? It messes up equalizing space above and below % environments. --karl, 6may93 %{\advance \baselineskip by -\singlespaceskip %\kern \baselineskip}% \baselineskip=\singlespaceskip } %% Simple single-character @ commands % @@ prints an @ % Kludge this until the fonts are right (grr). \def\@{{\tt \char '100}} % This is turned off because it was never documented % and you can use @w{...} around a quote to suppress ligatures. %% Define @` and @' to be the same as ` and ' %% but suppressing ligatures. %\def\`{{`}} %\def\'{{'}} % Used to generate quoted braces. \def\mylbrace {{\tt \char '173}} \def\myrbrace {{\tt \char '175}} \let\{=\mylbrace \let\}=\myrbrace % @: forces normal size whitespace following. \def\:{\spacefactor=1000 } % @* forces a line break. \def\*{\hfil\break\hbox{}\ignorespaces} % @. is an end-of-sentence period. \def\.{.\spacefactor=3000 } % @w prevents a word break. Without the \leavevmode, @w at the % beginning of a paragraph, when TeX is still in vertical mode, would % produce a whole line of output instead of starting the paragraph. \def\w#1{\leavevmode\hbox{#1}} % @group ... @end group forces ... to be all on one page, by enclosing % it in a TeX vbox. We use \vtop instead of \vbox to construct the box % to keep its height that of a normal line. According to the rules for % \topskip (p.114 of the TeXbook), the glue inserted is % max (\topskip - \ht (first item), 0). If that height is large, % therefore, no glue is inserted, and the space between the headline and % the text is small, which looks bad. % \def\group{\begingroup \ifnum\catcode13=\active \else \errhelp = \groupinvalidhelp \errmessage{@group invalid in context where filling is enabled}% \fi % % The \vtop we start below produces a box with normal height and large % depth; thus, TeX puts \baselineskip glue before it, and (when the % next line of text is done) \lineskip glue after it. (See p.82 of % the TeXbook.) Thus, space below is not quite equal to space % above. But it's pretty close. \def\Egroup{% \egroup % End the \vtop. \endgroup % End the \group. }% % \vtop\bgroup % We have to put a strut on the last line in case the @group is in % the midst of an example, rather than completely enclosing it. % Otherwise, the interline space between the last line of the group % and the first line afterwards is too small. But we can't put the % strut in \Egroup, since there it would be on a line by itself. % Hence this just inserts a strut at the beginning of each line. \everypar = {\strut}% % % Since we have a strut on every line, we don't need any of TeX's % normal interline spacing. \offinterlineskip % % OK, but now we have to do something about blank % lines in the input in @example-like environments, which normally % just turn into \lisppar, which will insert no space now that we've % turned off the interline space. Simplest is to make them be an % empty paragraph. \ifx\par\lisppar \edef\par{\leavevmode \par}% % % Reset ^^M's definition to new definition of \par. \obeylines \fi % % We do @comment here in case we are called inside an environment, % such as @example, where each end-of-line in the input causes an % end-of-line in the output. We don't want the end-of-line after % the `@group' to put extra space in the output. Since @group % should appear on a line by itself (according to the Texinfo % manual), we don't worry about eating any user text. \comment } % % TeX puts in an \escapechar (i.e., `@') at the beginning of the help % message, so this ends up printing `@group can only ...'. % \newhelp\groupinvalidhelp{% group can only be used in environments such as @example,^^J% where each line of input produces a line of output.} % @need space-in-mils % forces a page break if there is not space-in-mils remaining. \newdimen\mil \mil=0.001in \def\need{\parsearg\needx} % Old definition--didn't work. %\def\needx #1{\par % %% This method tries to make TeX break the page naturally %% if the depth of the box does not fit. %{\baselineskip=0pt% %\vtop to #1\mil{\vfil}\kern -#1\mil\penalty 10000 %\prevdepth=-1000pt %}} \def\needx#1{% % Go into vertical mode, so we don't make a big box in the middle of a % paragraph. \par % % Don't add any leading before our big empty box, but allow a page % break, since the best break might be right here. \allowbreak \nointerlineskip \vtop to #1\mil{\vfil}% % % TeX does not even consider page breaks if a penalty added to the % main vertical list is 10000 or more. But in order to see if the % empty box we just added fits on the page, we must make it consider % page breaks. On the other hand, we don't want to actually break the % page after the empty box. So we use a penalty of 9999. % % There is an extremely small chance that TeX will actually break the % page at this \penalty, if there are no other feasible breakpoints in % sight. (If the user is using lots of big @group commands, which % almost-but-not-quite fill up a page, TeX will have a hard time doing % good page breaking, for example.) However, I could not construct an % example where a page broke at this \penalty; if it happens in a real % document, then we can reconsider our strategy. \penalty9999 % % Back up by the size of the box, whether we did a page break or not. \kern -#1\mil % % Do not allow a page break right after this kern. \nobreak } % @br forces paragraph break \let\br = \par % @dots{} output some dots \def\dots{$\ldots$} % @page forces the start of a new page \def\page{\par\vfill\supereject} % @exdent text.... % outputs text on separate line in roman font, starting at standard page margin % This records the amount of indent in the innermost environment. % That's how much \exdent should take out. \newskip\exdentamount % This defn is used inside fill environments such as @defun. \def\exdent{\parsearg\exdentyyy} \def\exdentyyy #1{{\hfil\break\hbox{\kern -\exdentamount{\rm#1}}\hfil\break}} % This defn is used inside nofill environments such as @example. \def\nofillexdent{\parsearg\nofillexdentyyy} \def\nofillexdentyyy #1{{\advance \leftskip by -\exdentamount \leftline{\hskip\leftskip{\rm#1}}}} %\hbox{{\rm#1}}\hfil\break}} % @include file insert text of that file as input. \def\include{\parsearg\includezzz} %Use \input\thisfile to avoid blank after \input, which may be an active %char (in which case the blank would become the \input argument). %The grouping keeps the value of \thisfile correct even when @include %is nested. \def\includezzz #1{\begingroup \def\thisfile{#1}\input\thisfile \endgroup} \def\thisfile{} % @center line outputs that line, centered \def\center{\parsearg\centerzzz} \def\centerzzz #1{{\advance\hsize by -\leftskip \advance\hsize by -\rightskip \centerline{#1}}} % @sp n outputs n lines of vertical space \def\sp{\parsearg\spxxx} \def\spxxx #1{\par \vskip #1\baselineskip} % @comment ...line which is ignored... % @c is the same as @comment % @ignore ... @end ignore is another way to write a comment \def\comment{\catcode 64=\other \catcode 123=\other \catcode 125=\other% \parsearg \commentxxx} \def\commentxxx #1{\catcode 64=0 \catcode 123=1 \catcode 125=2 } \let\c=\comment % Prevent errors for section commands. % Used in @ignore and in failing conditionals. \def\ignoresections{% \let\chapter=\relax \let\unnumbered=\relax \let\top=\relax \let\unnumberedsec=\relax \let\unnumberedsection=\relax \let\unnumberedsubsec=\relax \let\unnumberedsubsection=\relax \let\unnumberedsubsubsec=\relax \let\unnumberedsubsubsection=\relax \let\section=\relax \let\subsec=\relax \let\subsubsec=\relax \let\subsection=\relax \let\subsubsection=\relax \let\appendix=\relax \let\appendixsec=\relax \let\appendixsection=\relax \let\appendixsubsec=\relax \let\appendixsubsection=\relax \let\appendixsubsubsec=\relax \let\appendixsubsubsection=\relax \let\contents=\relax \let\smallbook=\relax \let\titlepage=\relax } % Used in nested conditionals, where we have to parse the Texinfo source % and so want to turn off most commands, in case they are used % incorrectly. % \def\ignoremorecommands{% \let\defcv = \relax \let\deffn = \relax \let\deffnx = \relax \let\defindex = \relax \let\defivar = \relax \let\defmac = \relax \let\defmethod = \relax \let\defop = \relax \let\defopt = \relax \let\defspec = \relax \let\deftp = \relax \let\deftypefn = \relax \let\deftypefun = \relax \let\deftypevar = \relax \let\deftypevr = \relax \let\defun = \relax \let\defvar = \relax \let\defvr = \relax \let\ref = \relax \let\xref = \relax \let\printindex = \relax \let\pxref = \relax \let\settitle = \relax \let\include = \relax \let\lowersections = \relax \let\down = \relax \let\raisesections = \relax \let\up = \relax \let\set = \relax \let\clear = \relax } % Ignore @ignore ... @end ignore. % \def\ignore{\doignore{ignore}} % Also ignore @ifinfo, @menu, and @direntry text. % \def\ifinfo{\doignore{ifinfo}} \def\menu{\doignore{menu}} \def\direntry{\doignore{direntry}} % Ignore text until a line `@end #1'. % \def\doignore#1{\begingroup % Don't complain about control sequences we have declared \outer. \ignoresections % % Define a command to swallow text until we reach `@end #1'. \long\def\doignoretext##1\end #1{\enddoignore}% % % Make sure that spaces turn into tokens that match what \doignoretext wants. \catcode32 = 10 % % And now expand that command. \doignoretext } % What we do to finish off ignored text. % \def\enddoignore{\endgroup\ignorespaces}% \newif\ifwarnedobs\warnedobsfalse \def\obstexwarn{% \ifwarnedobs\relax\else % We need to warn folks that they may have trouble with TeX 3.0. % This uses \immediate\write16 rather than \message to get newlines. \immediate\write16{} \immediate\write16{***WARNING*** for users of Unix TeX 3.0!} \immediate\write16{This manual trips a bug in TeX version 3.0 (tex hangs).} \immediate\write16{If you are running another version of TeX, relax.} \immediate\write16{If you are running Unix TeX 3.0, kill this TeX process.} \immediate\write16{ Then upgrade your TeX installation if you can.} \immediate\write16{If you are stuck with version 3.0, run the} \immediate\write16{ script ``tex3patch'' from the Texinfo distribution} \immediate\write16{ to use a workaround.} \immediate\write16{} \warnedobstrue \fi } % **In TeX 3.0, setting text in \nullfont hangs tex. For a % workaround (which requires the file ``dummy.tfm'' to be installed), % uncomment the following line: %%%%%\font\nullfont=dummy\let\obstexwarn=\relax % Ignore text, except that we keep track of conditional commands for % purposes of nesting, up to an `@end #1' command. % \def\nestedignore#1{% \obstexwarn % We must actually expand the ignored text to look for the @end % command, so that nested ignore constructs work. Thus, we put the % text into a \vbox and then do nothing with the result. To minimize % the change of memory overflow, we follow the approach outlined on % page 401 of the TeXbook: make the current font be a dummy font. % \setbox0 = \vbox\bgroup % Don't complain about control sequences we have declared \outer. \ignoresections % % Define `@end #1' to end the box, which will in turn undefine the % @end command again. \expandafter\def\csname E#1\endcsname{\egroup\ignorespaces}% % % We are going to be parsing Texinfo commands. Most cause no % trouble when they are used incorrectly, but some commands do % complicated argument parsing or otherwise get confused, so we % undefine them. % % We can't do anything about stray @-signs, unfortunately; % they'll produce `undefined control sequence' errors. \ignoremorecommands % % Set the current font to be \nullfont, a TeX primitive, and define % all the font commands to also use \nullfont. We don't use % dummy.tfm, as suggested in the TeXbook, because not all sites % might have that installed. Therefore, math mode will still % produce output, but that should be an extremely small amount of % stuff compared to the main input. % \nullfont \let\tenrm = \nullfont \let\tenit = \nullfont \let\tensl = \nullfont \let\tenbf = \nullfont \let\tentt = \nullfont \let\smallcaps = \nullfont \let\tensf = \nullfont % % Don't complain when characters are missing from the fonts. \tracinglostchars = 0 % % Don't bother to do space factor calculations. \frenchspacing % % Don't report underfull hboxes. \hbadness = 10000 % % Do minimal line-breaking. \pretolerance = 10000 % % Do not execute instructions in @tex \def\tex{\doignore{tex}} } % @set VAR sets the variable VAR to an empty value. % @set VAR REST-OF-LINE sets VAR to the value REST-OF-LINE. % % Since we want to separate VAR from REST-OF-LINE (which might be % empty), we can't just use \parsearg; we have to insert a space of our % own to delimit the rest of the line, and then take it out again if we % didn't need it. % \def\set{\parsearg\setxxx} \def\setxxx#1{\setyyy#1 \endsetyyy} \def\setyyy#1 #2\endsetyyy{% \def\temp{#2}% \ifx\temp\empty \global\expandafter\let\csname SET#1\endcsname = \empty \else \setzzz{#1}#2\endsetzzz % Remove the trailing space \setxxx inserted. \fi } \def\setzzz#1#2 \endsetzzz{\expandafter\xdef\csname SET#1\endcsname{#2}} % @clear VAR clears (i.e., unsets) the variable VAR. % \def\clear{\parsearg\clearxxx} \def\clearxxx#1{\global\expandafter\let\csname SET#1\endcsname=\relax} % @value{foo} gets the text saved in variable foo. % \def\value#1{\expandafter \ifx\csname SET#1\endcsname\relax {\{No value for ``#1''\}} \else \csname SET#1\endcsname \fi} % @ifset VAR ... @end ifset reads the `...' iff VAR has been defined % with @set. % \def\ifset{\parsearg\ifsetxxx} \def\ifsetxxx #1{% \expandafter\ifx\csname SET#1\endcsname\relax \expandafter\ifsetfail \else \expandafter\ifsetsucceed \fi } \def\ifsetsucceed{\conditionalsucceed{ifset}} \def\ifsetfail{\nestedignore{ifset}} \defineunmatchedend{ifset} % @ifclear VAR ... @end ifclear reads the `...' iff VAR has never been % defined with @set, or has been undefined with @clear. % \def\ifclear{\parsearg\ifclearxxx} \def\ifclearxxx #1{% \expandafter\ifx\csname SET#1\endcsname\relax \expandafter\ifclearsucceed \else \expandafter\ifclearfail \fi } \def\ifclearsucceed{\conditionalsucceed{ifclear}} \def\ifclearfail{\nestedignore{ifclear}} \defineunmatchedend{ifclear} % @iftex always succeeds; we read the text following, through @end % iftex). But `@end iftex' should be valid only after an @iftex. % \def\iftex{\conditionalsucceed{iftex}} \defineunmatchedend{iftex} % We can't just want to start a group at @iftex (for example) and end it % at @end iftex, since then @set commands inside the conditional have no % effect (they'd get reverted at the end of the group). So we must % define \Eiftex to redefine itself to be its previous value. (We can't % just define it to fail again with an ``unmatched end'' error, since % the @ifset might be nested.) % \def\conditionalsucceed#1{% \edef\temp{% % Remember the current value of \E#1. \let\nece{prevE#1} = \nece{E#1}% % % At the `@end #1', redefine \E#1 to be its previous value. \def\nece{E#1}{\let\nece{E#1} = \nece{prevE#1}}% }% \temp } % We need to expand lots of \csname's, but we don't want to expand the % control sequences after we've constructed them. % \def\nece#1{\expandafter\noexpand\csname#1\endcsname} % @asis just yields its argument. Used with @table, for example. % \def\asis#1{#1} % @math means output in math mode. % We don't use $'s directly in the definition of \math because control % sequences like \math are expanded when the toc file is written. Then, % we read the toc file back, the $'s will be normal characters (as they % should be, according to the definition of Texinfo). So we must use a % control sequence to switch into and out of math mode. % % This isn't quite enough for @math to work properly in indices, but it % seems unlikely it will ever be needed there. % \let\implicitmath = $ \def\math#1{\implicitmath #1\implicitmath} % @bullet and @minus need the same treatment as @math, just above. \def\bullet{\implicitmath\ptexbullet\implicitmath} \def\minus{\implicitmath-\implicitmath} \def\node{\ENVcheck\parsearg\nodezzz} \def\nodezzz#1{\nodexxx [#1,]} \def\nodexxx[#1,#2]{\gdef\lastnode{#1}} \let\nwnode=\node \let\lastnode=\relax \def\donoderef{\ifx\lastnode\relax\else \expandafter\expandafter\expandafter\setref{\lastnode}\fi \let\lastnode=\relax} \def\unnumbnoderef{\ifx\lastnode\relax\else \expandafter\expandafter\expandafter\unnumbsetref{\lastnode}\fi \let\lastnode=\relax} \def\appendixnoderef{\ifx\lastnode\relax\else \expandafter\expandafter\expandafter\appendixsetref{\lastnode}\fi \let\lastnode=\relax} \let\refill=\relax % @setfilename is done at the beginning of every texinfo file. % So open here the files we need to have open while reading the input. % This makes it possible to make a .fmt file for texinfo. \def\setfilename{% \readauxfile \opencontents \openindices \fixbackslash % Turn off hack to swallow `\input texinfo'. \global\let\setfilename=\comment % Ignore extra @setfilename cmds. \comment % Ignore the actual filename. } \outer\def\bye{\pagealignmacro\tracingstats=1\ptexend} \def\inforef #1{\inforefzzz #1,,,,**} \def\inforefzzz #1,#2,#3,#4**{See Info file \file{\ignorespaces #3{}}, node \samp{\ignorespaces#1{}}} \message{fonts,} % Font-change commands. % Texinfo supports the sans serif font style, which plain TeX does not. % So we set up a \sf analogous to plain's \rm, etc. \newfam\sffam \def\sf{\fam=\sffam \tensf} \let\li = \sf % Sometimes we call it \li, not \sf. %% Try out Computer Modern fonts at \magstephalf \let\mainmagstep=\magstephalf \ifx\bigger\relax \let\mainmagstep=\magstep1 \font\textrm=cmr12 \font\texttt=cmtt12 \else \font\textrm=cmr10 scaled \mainmagstep \font\texttt=cmtt10 scaled \mainmagstep \fi % Instead of cmb10, you many want to use cmbx10. % cmbx10 is a prettier font on its own, but cmb10 % looks better when embedded in a line with cmr10. \font\textbf=cmb10 scaled \mainmagstep \font\textit=cmti10 scaled \mainmagstep \font\textsl=cmsl10 scaled \mainmagstep \font\textsf=cmss10 scaled \mainmagstep \font\textsc=cmcsc10 scaled \mainmagstep \font\texti=cmmi10 scaled \mainmagstep \font\textsy=cmsy10 scaled \mainmagstep % A few fonts for @defun, etc. \font\defbf=cmbx10 scaled \magstep1 %was 1314 \font\deftt=cmtt10 scaled \magstep1 \def\df{\let\tentt=\deftt \let\tenbf = \defbf \bf} % Fonts for indices and small examples. % We actually use the slanted font rather than the italic, % because texinfo normally uses the slanted fonts for that. % Do not make many font distinctions in general in the index, since they % aren't very useful. \font\ninett=cmtt9 \font\indrm=cmr9 \font\indit=cmsl9 \let\indsl=\indit \let\indtt=\ninett \let\indsf=\indrm \let\indbf=\indrm \let\indsc=\indrm \font\indi=cmmi9 \font\indsy=cmsy9 % Fonts for headings \font\chaprm=cmbx12 scaled \magstep2 \font\chapit=cmti12 scaled \magstep2 \font\chapsl=cmsl12 scaled \magstep2 \font\chaptt=cmtt12 scaled \magstep2 \font\chapsf=cmss12 scaled \magstep2 \let\chapbf=\chaprm \font\chapsc=cmcsc10 scaled\magstep3 \font\chapi=cmmi12 scaled \magstep2 \font\chapsy=cmsy10 scaled \magstep3 \font\secrm=cmbx12 scaled \magstep1 \font\secit=cmti12 scaled \magstep1 \font\secsl=cmsl12 scaled \magstep1 \font\sectt=cmtt12 scaled \magstep1 \font\secsf=cmss12 scaled \magstep1 \font\secbf=cmbx12 scaled \magstep1 \font\secsc=cmcsc10 scaled\magstep2 \font\seci=cmmi12 scaled \magstep1 \font\secsy=cmsy10 scaled \magstep2 % \font\ssecrm=cmbx10 scaled \magstep1 % This size an font looked bad. % \font\ssecit=cmti10 scaled \magstep1 % The letters were too crowded. % \font\ssecsl=cmsl10 scaled \magstep1 % \font\ssectt=cmtt10 scaled \magstep1 % \font\ssecsf=cmss10 scaled \magstep1 %\font\ssecrm=cmb10 scaled 1315 % Note the use of cmb rather than cmbx. %\font\ssecit=cmti10 scaled 1315 % Also, the size is a little larger than %\font\ssecsl=cmsl10 scaled 1315 % being scaled magstep1. %\font\ssectt=cmtt10 scaled 1315 %\font\ssecsf=cmss10 scaled 1315 %\let\ssecbf=\ssecrm \font\ssecrm=cmbx12 scaled \magstephalf \font\ssecit=cmti12 scaled \magstephalf \font\ssecsl=cmsl12 scaled \magstephalf \font\ssectt=cmtt12 scaled \magstephalf \font\ssecsf=cmss12 scaled \magstephalf \font\ssecbf=cmbx12 scaled \magstephalf \font\ssecsc=cmcsc10 scaled \magstep1 \font\sseci=cmmi12 scaled \magstephalf \font\ssecsy=cmsy10 scaled \magstep1 % The smallcaps and symbol fonts should actually be scaled \magstep1.5, % but that is not a standard magnification. % Fonts for title page: \font\titlerm = cmbx12 scaled \magstep3 \let\authorrm = \secrm % In order for the font changes to affect most math symbols and letters, % we have to define the \textfont of the standard families. Since % texinfo doesn't allow for producing subscripts and superscripts, we % don't bother to reset \scriptfont and \scriptscriptfont (which would % also require loading a lot more fonts). % \def\resetmathfonts{% \textfont0 = \tenrm \textfont1 = \teni \textfont2 = \tensy \textfont\itfam = \tenit \textfont\slfam = \tensl \textfont\bffam = \tenbf \textfont\ttfam = \tentt \textfont\sffam = \tensf } % The font-changing commands redefine the meanings of \tenSTYLE, instead % of just \STYLE. We do this so that font changes will continue to work % in math mode, where it is the current \fam that is relevant in most % cases, not the current. Plain TeX does, for example, % \def\bf{\fam=\bffam \tenbf} By redefining \tenbf, we obviate the need % to redefine \bf itself. \def\textfonts{% \let\tenrm=\textrm \let\tenit=\textit \let\tensl=\textsl \let\tenbf=\textbf \let\tentt=\texttt \let\smallcaps=\textsc \let\tensf=\textsf \let\teni=\texti \let\tensy=\textsy \resetmathfonts} \def\chapfonts{% \let\tenrm=\chaprm \let\tenit=\chapit \let\tensl=\chapsl \let\tenbf=\chapbf \let\tentt=\chaptt \let\smallcaps=\chapsc \let\tensf=\chapsf \let\teni=\chapi \let\tensy=\chapsy \resetmathfonts} \def\secfonts{% \let\tenrm=\secrm \let\tenit=\secit \let\tensl=\secsl \let\tenbf=\secbf \let\tentt=\sectt \let\smallcaps=\secsc \let\tensf=\secsf \let\teni=\seci \let\tensy=\secsy \resetmathfonts} \def\subsecfonts{% \let\tenrm=\ssecrm \let\tenit=\ssecit \let\tensl=\ssecsl \let\tenbf=\ssecbf \let\tentt=\ssectt \let\smallcaps=\ssecsc \let\tensf=\ssecsf \let\teni=\sseci \let\tensy=\ssecsy \resetmathfonts} \def\indexfonts{% \let\tenrm=\indrm \let\tenit=\indit \let\tensl=\indsl \let\tenbf=\indbf \let\tentt=\indtt \let\smallcaps=\indsc \let\tensf=\indsf \let\teni=\indi \let\tensy=\indsy \resetmathfonts} % Set up the default fonts, so we can use them for creating boxes. % \textfonts % Count depth in font-changes, for error checks \newcount\fontdepth \fontdepth=0 % Fonts for short table of contents. \font\shortcontrm=cmr12 \font\shortcontbf=cmbx12 \font\shortcontsl=cmsl12 %% Add scribe-like font environments, plus @l for inline lisp (usually sans %% serif) and @ii for TeX italic % \smartitalic{ARG} outputs arg in italics, followed by an italic correction % unless the following character is such as not to need one. \def\smartitalicx{\ifx\next,\else\ifx\next-\else\ifx\next.\else\/\fi\fi\fi} \def\smartitalic#1{{\sl #1}\futurelet\next\smartitalicx} \let\i=\smartitalic \let\var=\smartitalic \let\dfn=\smartitalic \let\emph=\smartitalic \let\cite=\smartitalic \def\b#1{{\bf #1}} \let\strong=\b % We can't just use \exhyphenpenalty, because that only has effect at % the end of a paragraph. Restore normal hyphenation at the end of the % group within which \nohyphenation is presumably called. % \def\nohyphenation{\hyphenchar\font = -1 \aftergroup\restorehyphenation} \def\restorehyphenation{\hyphenchar\font = `- } \def\t#1{% {\tt \nohyphenation \rawbackslash \frenchspacing #1}% \null } \let\ttfont = \t %\def\samp #1{`{\tt \rawbackslash \frenchspacing #1}'\null} \def\samp #1{`\tclose{#1}'\null} \def\key #1{{\tt \nohyphenation \uppercase{#1}}\null} \def\ctrl #1{{\tt \rawbackslash \hat}#1} \let\file=\samp % @code is a modification of @t, % which makes spaces the same size as normal in the surrounding text. \def\tclose#1{% {% % Change normal interword space to be same as for the current font. \spaceskip = \fontdimen2\font % % Switch to typewriter. \tt % % But `\ ' produces the large typewriter interword space. \def\ {{\spaceskip = 0pt{} }}% % % Turn off hyphenation. \nohyphenation % \rawbackslash \frenchspacing #1% }% \null } % We *must* turn on hyphenation at `-' and `_' in \code. % Otherwise, it is too hard to avoid overful hboxes % in the Emacs manual, the Library manual, etc. % Unfortunately, TeX uses one parameter (\hyphenchar) to control % both hyphenation at - and hyphenation within words. % We must therefore turn them both off (\tclose does that) % and arrange explicitly to hyphenate an a dash. % -- rms. { \catcode `\-=\active \catcode `\_=\active \global\def\code{\begingroup \catcode `\-=\active \let-\codedash \let_\codeunder \codex} } \def\codedash{-\discretionary{}{}{}} \def\codeunder{\normalunderscore\discretionary{}{}{}} \def\codex #1{\tclose{#1}\endgroup} %\let\exp=\tclose %Was temporary % @kbd is like @code, except that if the argument is just one @key command, % then @kbd has no effect. \def\xkey{\key} \def\kbdfoo#1#2#3\par{\def\one{#1}\def\three{#3}\def\threex{??}% \ifx\one\xkey\ifx\threex\three \key{#2}% \else\tclose{\look}\fi \else\tclose{\look}\fi} % Typeset a dimension, e.g., `in' or `pt'. The only reason for the % argument is to make the input look right: @dmn{pt} instead of % @dmn{}pt. % \def\dmn#1{\thinspace #1} \def\kbd#1{\def\look{#1}\expandafter\kbdfoo\look??\par} \def\l#1{{\li #1}\null} % \def\r#1{{\rm #1}} % roman font % Use of \lowercase was suggested. \def\sc#1{{\smallcaps#1}} % smallcaps font \def\ii#1{{\it #1}} % italic font \message{page headings,} \newskip\titlepagetopglue \titlepagetopglue = 1.5in \newskip\titlepagebottomglue \titlepagebottomglue = 2pc % First the title page. Must do @settitle before @titlepage. \def\titlefont#1{{\titlerm #1}} \newif\ifseenauthor \newif\iffinishedtitlepage \def\shorttitlepage{\parsearg\shorttitlepagezzz} \def\shorttitlepagezzz #1{\begingroup\hbox{}\vskip 1.5in \chaprm \centerline{#1}% \endgroup\page\hbox{}\page} \def\titlepage{\begingroup \parindent=0pt \textfonts \let\subtitlerm=\tenrm % I deinstalled the following change because \cmr12 is undefined. % This change was not in the ChangeLog anyway. --rms. % \let\subtitlerm=\cmr12 \def\subtitlefont{\subtitlerm \normalbaselineskip = 13pt \normalbaselines}% % \def\authorfont{\authorrm \normalbaselineskip = 16pt \normalbaselines}% % % Leave some space at the very top of the page. \vglue\titlepagetopglue % % Now you can print the title using @title. \def\title{\parsearg\titlezzz}% \def\titlezzz##1{\leftline{\titlefont{##1}} % print a rule at the page bottom also. \finishedtitlepagefalse \vskip4pt \hrule height 4pt \vskip4pt}% % No rule at page bottom unless we print one at the top with @title. \finishedtitlepagetrue % % Now you can put text using @subtitle. \def\subtitle{\parsearg\subtitlezzz}% \def\subtitlezzz##1{{\subtitlefont \rightline{##1}}}% % % @author should come last, but may come many times. \def\author{\parsearg\authorzzz}% \def\authorzzz##1{\ifseenauthor\else\vskip 0pt plus 1filll\seenauthortrue\fi {\authorfont \leftline{##1}}}% % % Most title ``pages'' are actually two pages long, with space % at the top of the second. We don't want the ragged left on the second. \let\oldpage = \page \def\page{% \iffinishedtitlepage\else \finishtitlepage \fi \oldpage \let\page = \oldpage \hbox{}}% % \def\page{\oldpage \hbox{}} } \def\Etitlepage{% \iffinishedtitlepage\else \finishtitlepage \fi % It is important to do the page break before ending the group, % because the headline and footline are only empty inside the group. % If we use the new definition of \page, we always get a blank page % after the title page, which we certainly don't want. \oldpage \endgroup \HEADINGSon } \def\finishtitlepage{% \vskip4pt \hrule height 2pt \vskip\titlepagebottomglue \finishedtitlepagetrue } %%% Set up page headings and footings. \let\thispage=\folio \newtoks \evenheadline % Token sequence for heading line of even pages \newtoks \oddheadline % Token sequence for heading line of odd pages \newtoks \evenfootline % Token sequence for footing line of even pages \newtoks \oddfootline % Token sequence for footing line of odd pages % Now make Tex use those variables \headline={{\textfonts\rm \ifodd\pageno \the\oddheadline \else \the\evenheadline \fi}} \footline={{\textfonts\rm \ifodd\pageno \the\oddfootline \else \the\evenfootline \fi}\HEADINGShook} \let\HEADINGShook=\relax % Commands to set those variables. % For example, this is what @headings on does % @evenheading @thistitle|@thispage|@thischapter % @oddheading @thischapter|@thispage|@thistitle % @evenfooting @thisfile|| % @oddfooting ||@thisfile \def\evenheading{\parsearg\evenheadingxxx} \def\oddheading{\parsearg\oddheadingxxx} \def\everyheading{\parsearg\everyheadingxxx} \def\evenfooting{\parsearg\evenfootingxxx} \def\oddfooting{\parsearg\oddfootingxxx} \def\everyfooting{\parsearg\everyfootingxxx} {\catcode`\@=0 % \gdef\evenheadingxxx #1{\evenheadingyyy #1@|@|@|@|\finish} \gdef\evenheadingyyy #1@|#2@|#3@|#4\finish{% \global\evenheadline={\rlap{\centerline{#2}}\line{#1\hfil#3}}} \gdef\oddheadingxxx #1{\oddheadingyyy #1@|@|@|@|\finish} \gdef\oddheadingyyy #1@|#2@|#3@|#4\finish{% \global\oddheadline={\rlap{\centerline{#2}}\line{#1\hfil#3}}} \gdef\everyheadingxxx #1{\everyheadingyyy #1@|@|@|@|\finish} \gdef\everyheadingyyy #1@|#2@|#3@|#4\finish{% \global\evenheadline={\rlap{\centerline{#2}}\line{#1\hfil#3}} \global\oddheadline={\rlap{\centerline{#2}}\line{#1\hfil#3}}} \gdef\evenfootingxxx #1{\evenfootingyyy #1@|@|@|@|\finish} \gdef\evenfootingyyy #1@|#2@|#3@|#4\finish{% \global\evenfootline={\rlap{\centerline{#2}}\line{#1\hfil#3}}} \gdef\oddfootingxxx #1{\oddfootingyyy #1@|@|@|@|\finish} \gdef\oddfootingyyy #1@|#2@|#3@|#4\finish{% \global\oddfootline={\rlap{\centerline{#2}}\line{#1\hfil#3}}} \gdef\everyfootingxxx #1{\everyfootingyyy #1@|@|@|@|\finish} \gdef\everyfootingyyy #1@|#2@|#3@|#4\finish{% \global\evenfootline={\rlap{\centerline{#2}}\line{#1\hfil#3}} \global\oddfootline={\rlap{\centerline{#2}}\line{#1\hfil#3}}} % }% unbind the catcode of @. % @headings double turns headings on for double-sided printing. % @headings single turns headings on for single-sided printing. % @headings off turns them off. % @headings on same as @headings double, retained for compatibility. % @headings after turns on double-sided headings after this page. % @headings doubleafter turns on double-sided headings after this page. % @headings singleafter turns on single-sided headings after this page. % By default, they are off. \def\headings #1 {\csname HEADINGS#1\endcsname} \def\HEADINGSoff{ \global\evenheadline={\hfil} \global\evenfootline={\hfil} \global\oddheadline={\hfil} \global\oddfootline={\hfil}} \HEADINGSoff % When we turn headings on, set the page number to 1. % For double-sided printing, put current file name in lower left corner, % chapter name on inside top of right hand pages, document % title on inside top of left hand pages, and page numbers on outside top % edge of all pages. \def\HEADINGSdouble{ %\pagealignmacro \global\pageno=1 \global\evenfootline={\hfil} \global\oddfootline={\hfil} \global\evenheadline={\line{\folio\hfil\thistitle}} \global\oddheadline={\line{\thischapter\hfil\folio}} } % For single-sided printing, chapter title goes across top left of page, % page number on top right. \def\HEADINGSsingle{ %\pagealignmacro \global\pageno=1 \global\evenfootline={\hfil} \global\oddfootline={\hfil} \global\evenheadline={\line{\thischapter\hfil\folio}} \global\oddheadline={\line{\thischapter\hfil\folio}} } \def\HEADINGSon{\HEADINGSdouble} \def\HEADINGSafter{\let\HEADINGShook=\HEADINGSdoublex} \let\HEADINGSdoubleafter=\HEADINGSafter \def\HEADINGSdoublex{% \global\evenfootline={\hfil} \global\oddfootline={\hfil} \global\evenheadline={\line{\folio\hfil\thistitle}} \global\oddheadline={\line{\thischapter\hfil\folio}} } \def\HEADINGSsingleafter{\let\HEADINGShook=\HEADINGSsinglex} \def\HEADINGSsinglex{% \global\evenfootline={\hfil} \global\oddfootline={\hfil} \global\evenheadline={\line{\thischapter\hfil\folio}} \global\oddheadline={\line{\thischapter\hfil\folio}} } % Subroutines used in generating headings % Produces Day Month Year style of output. \def\today{\number\day\space \ifcase\month\or January\or February\or March\or April\or May\or June\or July\or August\or September\or October\or November\or December\fi \space\number\year} % Use this if you want the Month Day, Year style of output. %\def\today{\ifcase\month\or %January\or February\or March\or April\or May\or June\or %July\or August\or September\or October\or November\or December\fi %\space\number\day, \number\year} % @settitle line... specifies the title of the document, for headings % It generates no output of its own \def\thistitle{No Title} \def\settitle{\parsearg\settitlezzz} \def\settitlezzz #1{\gdef\thistitle{#1}} \message{tables,} % @tabs -- simple alignment % These don't work. For one thing, \+ is defined as outer. % So these macros cannot even be defined. %\def\tabs{\parsearg\tabszzz} %\def\tabszzz #1{\settabs\+#1\cr} %\def\tabline{\parsearg\tablinezzz} %\def\tablinezzz #1{\+#1\cr} %\def\&{&} % Tables -- @table, @ftable, @vtable, @item(x), @kitem(x), @xitem(x). % default indentation of table text \newdimen\tableindent \tableindent=.8in % default indentation of @itemize and @enumerate text \newdimen\itemindent \itemindent=.3in % margin between end of table item and start of table text. \newdimen\itemmargin \itemmargin=.1in % used internally for \itemindent minus \itemmargin \newdimen\itemmax % Note @table, @vtable, and @vtable define @item, @itemx, etc., with % these defs. % They also define \itemindex % to index the item name in whatever manner is desired (perhaps none). \def\internalBitem{\smallbreak \parsearg\itemzzz} \def\internalBitemx{\par \parsearg\itemzzz} \def\internalBxitem "#1"{\def\xitemsubtopix{#1} \smallbreak \parsearg\xitemzzz} \def\internalBxitemx "#1"{\def\xitemsubtopix{#1} \par \parsearg\xitemzzz} \def\internalBkitem{\smallbreak \parsearg\kitemzzz} \def\internalBkitemx{\par \parsearg\kitemzzz} \def\kitemzzz #1{\dosubind {kw}{\code{#1}}{for {\bf \lastfunction}}% \itemzzz {#1}} \def\xitemzzz #1{\dosubind {kw}{\code{#1}}{for {\bf \xitemsubtopic}}% \itemzzz {#1}} \def\itemzzz #1{\begingroup % \advance\hsize by -\rightskip \advance\hsize by -\tableindent \setbox0=\hbox{\itemfont{#1}}% \itemindex{#1}% \nobreak % This prevents a break before @itemx. % % Be sure we are not still in the middle of a paragraph. {\parskip = 0in \par }% % % If the item text does not fit in the space we have, put it on a line % by itself, and do not allow a page break either before or after that % line. We do not start a paragraph here because then if the next % command is, e.g., @kindex, the whatsit would get put into the % horizontal list on a line by itself, resulting in extra blank space. \ifdim \wd0>\itemmax \setbox0=\hbox{\hskip \leftskip \hskip -\tableindent \unhbox0}\box0 % % We're going to be starting a paragraph, but we don't want the % \parskip glue -- logically it's part of the @item we just started. \nobreak \vskip-\parskip % % Stop a page break at the \parskip glue coming up. Unfortunately % we can't prevent a possible page break at the following % \baselineskip glue. \nobreak \else % The item text fits into the space. Start a paragraph, so that the % following text (if any) will end up on the same line. Since that % text will be indented by \tableindent, we make the item text be in % a zero-width box. \noindent \rlap{\hskip -\tableindent\box0}% \fi \endgroup } \def\item{\errmessage{@item while not in a table}} \def\itemx{\errmessage{@itemx while not in a table}} \def\kitem{\errmessage{@kitem while not in a table}} \def\kitemx{\errmessage{@kitemx while not in a table}} \def\xitem{\errmessage{@xitem while not in a table}} \def\xitemx{\errmessage{@xitemx while not in a table}} %% Contains a kludge to get @end[description] to work \def\description{\tablez{\dontindex}{1}{}{}{}{}} \def\table{\begingroup\inENV\obeylines\obeyspaces\tablex} {\obeylines\obeyspaces% \gdef\tablex #1^^M{% \tabley\dontindex#1 \endtabley}} \def\ftable{\begingroup\inENV\obeylines\obeyspaces\ftablex} {\obeylines\obeyspaces% \gdef\ftablex #1^^M{% \tabley\fnitemindex#1 \endtabley \def\Eftable{\endgraf\afterenvbreak\endgroup}% \let\Etable=\relax}} \def\vtable{\begingroup\inENV\obeylines\obeyspaces\vtablex} {\obeylines\obeyspaces% \gdef\vtablex #1^^M{% \tabley\vritemindex#1 \endtabley \def\Evtable{\endgraf\afterenvbreak\endgroup}% \let\Etable=\relax}} \def\dontindex #1{} \def\fnitemindex #1{\doind {fn}{\code{#1}}}% \def\vritemindex #1{\doind {vr}{\code{#1}}}% {\obeyspaces % \gdef\tabley#1#2 #3 #4 #5 #6 #7\endtabley{\endgroup% \tablez{#1}{#2}{#3}{#4}{#5}{#6}}} \def\tablez #1#2#3#4#5#6{% \aboveenvbreak % \begingroup % \def\Edescription{\Etable}% Neccessary kludge. \let\itemindex=#1% \ifnum 0#3>0 \advance \leftskip by #3\mil \fi % \ifnum 0#4>0 \tableindent=#4\mil \fi % \ifnum 0#5>0 \advance \rightskip by #5\mil \fi % \def\itemfont{#2}% \itemmax=\tableindent % \advance \itemmax by -\itemmargin % \advance \leftskip by \tableindent % \exdentamount=\tableindent \parindent = 0pt \parskip = \smallskipamount \ifdim \parskip=0pt \parskip=2pt \fi% \def\Etable{\endgraf\afterenvbreak\endgroup}% \let\item = \internalBitem % \let\itemx = \internalBitemx % \let\kitem = \internalBkitem % \let\kitemx = \internalBkitemx % \let\xitem = \internalBxitem % \let\xitemx = \internalBxitemx % } % This is the counter used by @enumerate, which is really @itemize \newcount \itemno \def\itemize{\parsearg\itemizezzz} \def\itemizezzz #1{% \begingroup % ended by the @end itemsize \itemizey {#1}{\Eitemize} } \def\itemizey #1#2{% \aboveenvbreak % \itemmax=\itemindent % \advance \itemmax by -\itemmargin % \advance \leftskip by \itemindent % \exdentamount=\itemindent \parindent = 0pt % \parskip = \smallskipamount % \ifdim \parskip=0pt \parskip=2pt \fi% \def#2{\endgraf\afterenvbreak\endgroup}% \def\itemcontents{#1}% \let\item=\itemizeitem} % Set sfcode to normal for the chars that usually have another value. % These are `.?!:;,' \def\frenchspacing{\sfcode46=1000 \sfcode63=1000 \sfcode33=1000 \sfcode58=1000 \sfcode59=1000 \sfcode44=1000 } % \splitoff TOKENS\endmark defines \first to be the first token in % TOKENS, and \rest to be the remainder. % \def\splitoff#1#2\endmark{\def\first{#1}\def\rest{#2}}% % Allow an optional argument of an uppercase letter, lowercase letter, % or number, to specify the first label in the enumerated list. No % argument is the same as `1'. % \def\enumerate{\parsearg\enumeratezzz} \def\enumeratezzz #1{\enumeratey #1 \endenumeratey} \def\enumeratey #1 #2\endenumeratey{% \begingroup % ended by the @end enumerate % % If we were given no argument, pretend we were given `1'. \def\thearg{#1}% \ifx\thearg\empty \def\thearg{1}\fi % % Detect if the argument is a single token. If so, it might be a % letter. Otherwise, the only valid thing it can be is a number. % (We will always have one token, because of the test we just made. % This is a good thing, since \splitoff doesn't work given nothing at % all -- the first parameter is undelimited.) \expandafter\splitoff\thearg\endmark \ifx\rest\empty % Only one token in the argument. It could still be anything. % A ``lowercase letter'' is one whose \lccode is nonzero. % An ``uppercase letter'' is one whose \lccode is both nonzero, and % not equal to itself. % Otherwise, we assume it's a number. % % We need the \relax at the end of the \ifnum lines to stop TeX from % continuing to look for a . % \ifnum\lccode\expandafter`\thearg=0\relax \numericenumerate % a number (we hope) \else % It's a letter. \ifnum\lccode\expandafter`\thearg=\expandafter`\thearg\relax \lowercaseenumerate % lowercase letter \else \uppercaseenumerate % uppercase letter \fi \fi \else % Multiple tokens in the argument. We hope it's a number. \numericenumerate \fi } % An @enumerate whose labels are integers. The starting integer is % given in \thearg. % \def\numericenumerate{% \itemno = \thearg \startenumeration{\the\itemno}% } % The starting (lowercase) letter is in \thearg. \def\lowercaseenumerate{% \itemno = \expandafter`\thearg \startenumeration{% % Be sure we're not beyond the end of the alphabet. \ifnum\itemno=0 \errmessage{No more lowercase letters in @enumerate; get a bigger alphabet}% \fi \char\lccode\itemno }% } % The starting (uppercase) letter is in \thearg. \def\uppercaseenumerate{% \itemno = \expandafter`\thearg \startenumeration{% % Be sure we're not beyond the end of the alphabet. \ifnum\itemno=0 \errmessage{No more uppercase letters in @enumerate; get a bigger alphabet} \fi \char\uccode\itemno }% } % Call itemizey, adding a period to the first argument and supplying the % common last two arguments. Also subtract one from the initial value in % \itemno, since @item increments \itemno. % \def\startenumeration#1{% \advance\itemno by -1 \itemizey{#1.}\Eenumerate\flushcr } % @alphaenumerate and @capsenumerate are abbreviations for giving an arg % to @enumerate. % \def\alphaenumerate{\enumerate{a}} \def\capsenumerate{\enumerate{A}} \def\Ealphaenumerate{\Eenumerate} \def\Ecapsenumerate{\Eenumerate} % Definition of @item while inside @itemize. \def\itemizeitem{% \advance\itemno by 1 {\let\par=\endgraf \smallbreak}% \ifhmode \errmessage{\in hmode at itemizeitem}\fi {\parskip=0in \hskip 0pt \hbox to 0pt{\hss \itemcontents\hskip \itemmargin}% \vadjust{\penalty 1200}}% \flushcr} \message{indexing,} % Index generation facilities % Define \newwrite to be identical to plain tex's \newwrite % except not \outer, so it can be used within \newindex. {\catcode`\@=11 \gdef\newwrite{\alloc@7\write\chardef\sixt@@n}} % \newindex {foo} defines an index named foo. % It automatically defines \fooindex such that % \fooindex ...rest of line... puts an entry in the index foo. % It also defines \fooindfile to be the number of the output channel for % the file that accumulates this index. The file's extension is foo. % The name of an index should be no more than 2 characters long % for the sake of vms. \def\newindex #1{ \expandafter\newwrite \csname#1indfile\endcsname% Define number for output file \openout \csname#1indfile\endcsname \jobname.#1 % Open the file \expandafter\xdef\csname#1index\endcsname{% % Define \xxxindex \noexpand\doindex {#1}} } % @defindex foo == \newindex{foo} \def\defindex{\parsearg\newindex} % Define @defcodeindex, like @defindex except put all entries in @code. \def\newcodeindex #1{ \expandafter\newwrite \csname#1indfile\endcsname% Define number for output file \openout \csname#1indfile\endcsname \jobname.#1 % Open the file \expandafter\xdef\csname#1index\endcsname{% % Define \xxxindex \noexpand\docodeindex {#1}} } \def\defcodeindex{\parsearg\newcodeindex} % @synindex foo bar makes index foo feed into index bar. % Do this instead of @defindex foo if you don't want it as a separate index. \def\synindex #1 #2 {% \expandafter\let\expandafter\synindexfoo\expandafter=\csname#2indfile\endcsname \expandafter\let\csname#1indfile\endcsname=\synindexfoo \expandafter\xdef\csname#1index\endcsname{% % Define \xxxindex \noexpand\doindex {#2}}% } % @syncodeindex foo bar similar, but put all entries made for index foo % inside @code. \def\syncodeindex #1 #2 {% \expandafter\let\expandafter\synindexfoo\expandafter=\csname#2indfile\endcsname \expandafter\let\csname#1indfile\endcsname=\synindexfoo \expandafter\xdef\csname#1index\endcsname{% % Define \xxxindex \noexpand\docodeindex {#2}}% } % Define \doindex, the driver for all \fooindex macros. % Argument #1 is generated by the calling \fooindex macro, % and it is "foo", the name of the index. % \doindex just uses \parsearg; it calls \doind for the actual work. % This is because \doind is more useful to call from other macros. % There is also \dosubind {index}{topic}{subtopic} % which makes an entry in a two-level index such as the operation index. \def\doindex#1{\edef\indexname{#1}\parsearg\singleindexer} \def\singleindexer #1{\doind{\indexname}{#1}} % like the previous two, but they put @code around the argument. \def\docodeindex#1{\edef\indexname{#1}\parsearg\singlecodeindexer} \def\singlecodeindexer #1{\doind{\indexname}{\code{#1}}} \def\indexdummies{% \def\_{{\realbackslash _}}% \def\w{\realbackslash w }% \def\bf{\realbackslash bf }% \def\rm{\realbackslash rm }% \def\sl{\realbackslash sl }% \def\sf{\realbackslash sf}% \def\tt{\realbackslash tt}% \def\gtr{\realbackslash gtr}% \def\less{\realbackslash less}% \def\hat{\realbackslash hat}% \def\char{\realbackslash char}% \def\TeX{\realbackslash TeX}% \def\dots{\realbackslash dots }% \def\copyright{\realbackslash copyright }% \def\tclose##1{\realbackslash tclose {##1}}% \def\code##1{\realbackslash code {##1}}% \def\samp##1{\realbackslash samp {##1}}% \def\t##1{\realbackslash r {##1}}% \def\r##1{\realbackslash r {##1}}% \def\i##1{\realbackslash i {##1}}% \def\b##1{\realbackslash b {##1}}% \def\cite##1{\realbackslash cite {##1}}% \def\key##1{\realbackslash key {##1}}% \def\file##1{\realbackslash file {##1}}% \def\var##1{\realbackslash var {##1}}% \def\kbd##1{\realbackslash kbd {##1}}% \def\dfn##1{\realbackslash dfn {##1}}% \def\emph##1{\realbackslash emph {##1}}% } % \indexnofonts no-ops all font-change commands. % This is used when outputting the strings to sort the index by. \def\indexdummyfont#1{#1} \def\indexdummytex{TeX} \def\indexdummydots{...} \def\indexnofonts{% \let\w=\indexdummyfont \let\t=\indexdummyfont \let\r=\indexdummyfont \let\i=\indexdummyfont \let\b=\indexdummyfont \let\emph=\indexdummyfont \let\strong=\indexdummyfont \let\cite=\indexdummyfont \let\sc=\indexdummyfont %Don't no-op \tt, since it isn't a user-level command % and is used in the definitions of the active chars like <, >, |... %\let\tt=\indexdummyfont \let\tclose=\indexdummyfont \let\code=\indexdummyfont \let\file=\indexdummyfont \let\samp=\indexdummyfont \let\kbd=\indexdummyfont \let\key=\indexdummyfont \let\var=\indexdummyfont \let\TeX=\indexdummytex \let\dots=\indexdummydots } % To define \realbackslash, we must make \ not be an escape. % We must first make another character (@) an escape % so we do not become unable to do a definition. {\catcode`\@=0 \catcode`\\=\other @gdef@realbackslash{\}} \let\indexbackslash=0 %overridden during \printindex. \def\doind #1#2{% {\count10=\lastpenalty % {\indexdummies % Must do this here, since \bf, etc expand at this stage \escapechar=`\\% {\let\folio=0% Expand all macros now EXCEPT \folio \def\rawbackslashxx{\indexbackslash}% \indexbackslash isn't defined now % so it will be output as is; and it will print as backslash in the indx. % % Now process the index-string once, with all font commands turned off, % to get the string to sort the index by. {\indexnofonts \xdef\temp1{#2}% }% % Now produce the complete index entry. We process the index-string again, % this time with font commands expanded, to get what to print in the index. \edef\temp{% \write \csname#1indfile\endcsname{% \realbackslash entry {\temp1}{\folio}{#2}}}% \temp }% }\penalty\count10}} \def\dosubind #1#2#3{% {\count10=\lastpenalty % {\indexdummies % Must do this here, since \bf, etc expand at this stage \escapechar=`\\% {\let\folio=0% \def\rawbackslashxx{\indexbackslash}% % % Now process the index-string once, with all font commands turned off, % to get the string to sort the index by. {\indexnofonts \xdef\temp1{#2 #3}% }% % Now produce the complete index entry. We process the index-string again, % this time with font commands expanded, to get what to print in the index. \edef\temp{% \write \csname#1indfile\endcsname{% \realbackslash entry {\temp1}{\folio}{#2}{#3}}}% \temp }% }\penalty\count10}} % The index entry written in the file actually looks like % \entry {sortstring}{page}{topic} % or % \entry {sortstring}{page}{topic}{subtopic} % The texindex program reads in these files and writes files % containing these kinds of lines: % \initial {c} % before the first topic whose initial is c % \entry {topic}{pagelist} % for a topic that is used without subtopics % \primary {topic} % for the beginning of a topic that is used with subtopics % \secondary {subtopic}{pagelist} % for each subtopic. % Define the user-accessible indexing commands % @findex, @vindex, @kindex, @cindex. \def\findex {\fnindex} \def\kindex {\kyindex} \def\cindex {\cpindex} \def\vindex {\vrindex} \def\tindex {\tpindex} \def\pindex {\pgindex} \def\cindexsub {\begingroup\obeylines\cindexsub} {\obeylines % \gdef\cindexsub "#1" #2^^M{\endgroup % \dosubind{cp}{#2}{#1}}} % Define the macros used in formatting output of the sorted index material. % This is what you call to cause a particular index to get printed. % Write % @unnumbered Function Index % @printindex fn \def\printindex{\parsearg\doprintindex} \def\doprintindex#1{% \tex \dobreak \chapheadingskip {10000} \catcode`\%=\other\catcode`\&=\other\catcode`\#=\other \catcode`\$=\other\catcode`\_=\other \catcode`\~=\other % % The following don't help, since the chars were translated % when the raw index was written, and their fonts were discarded % due to \indexnofonts. %\catcode`\"=\active %\catcode`\^=\active %\catcode`\_=\active %\catcode`\|=\active %\catcode`\<=\active %\catcode`\>=\active % % \def\indexbackslash{\rawbackslashxx} \indexfonts\rm \tolerance=9500 \advance\baselineskip -1pt \begindoublecolumns % % See if the index file exists and is nonempty. \openin 1 \jobname.#1s \ifeof 1 % \enddoublecolumns gets confused if there is no text in the index, % and it loses the chapter title and the aux file entries for the % index. The easiest way to prevent this problem is to make sure % there is some text. (Index is nonexistent) \else % % If the index file exists but is empty, then \openin leaves \ifeof % false. We have to make TeX try to read something from the file, so % it can discover if there is anything in it. \read 1 to \temp \ifeof 1 (Index is empty) \else \input \jobname.#1s \fi \fi \closein 1 \enddoublecolumns \Etex } % These macros are used by the sorted index file itself. % Change them to control the appearance of the index. % Same as \bigskipamount except no shrink. % \balancecolumns gets confused if there is any shrink. \newskip\initialskipamount \initialskipamount 12pt plus4pt \def\initial #1{% {\let\tentt=\sectt \let\tt=\sectt \let\sf=\sectt \ifdim\lastskip<\initialskipamount \removelastskip \penalty-200 \vskip \initialskipamount\fi \line{\secbf#1\hfill}\kern 2pt\penalty10000}} % This typesets a paragraph consisting of #1, dot leaders, and then #2 % flush to the right margin. It is used for index and table of contents % entries. The paragraph is indented by \leftskip. % \def\entry #1#2{\begingroup % % Start a new paragraph if necessary, so our assignments below can't % affect previous text. \par % % Do not fill out the last line with white space. \parfillskip = 0in % % No extra space above this paragraph. \parskip = 0in % % Do not prefer a separate line ending with a hyphen to fewer lines. \finalhyphendemerits = 0 % % \hangindent is only relevant when the entry text and page number % don't both fit on one line. In that case, bob suggests starting the % dots pretty far over on the line. Unfortunately, a large % indentation looks wrong when the entry text itself is broken across % lines. So we use a small indentation and put up with long leaders. % % \hangafter is reset to 1 (which is the value we want) at the start % of each paragraph, so we need not do anything with that. \hangindent=2em % % When the entry text needs to be broken, just fill out the first line % with blank space. \rightskip = 0pt plus1fil % % Start a ``paragraph'' for the index entry so the line breaking % parameters we've set above will have an effect. \noindent % % Insert the text of the index entry. TeX will do line-breaking on it. #1% % % If we must, put the page number on a line of its own, and fill out % this line with blank space. (The \hfil is overwhelmed with the % fill leaders glue in \indexdotfill if the page number does fit.) \hfil\penalty50 \null\nobreak\indexdotfill % Have leaders before the page number. % % The `\ ' here is removed by the implicit \unskip that TeX does as % part of (the primitive) \par. Without it, a spurious underfull % \hbox ensues. \ #2% The page number ends the paragraph. \par \endgroup} % Like \dotfill except takes at least 1 em. \def\indexdotfill{\cleaders \hbox{$\mathsurround=0pt \mkern1.5mu . \mkern1.5mu$}\hskip 1em plus 1fill} \def\primary #1{\line{#1\hfil}} \newskip\secondaryindent \secondaryindent=0.5cm \def\secondary #1#2{ {\parfillskip=0in \parskip=0in \hangindent =1in \hangafter=1 \noindent\hskip\secondaryindent\hbox{#1}\indexdotfill #2\par }} %% Define two-column mode, which is used in indexes. %% Adapted from the TeXbook, page 416. \catcode `\@=11 \newbox\partialpage \newdimen\doublecolumnhsize \def\begindoublecolumns{\begingroup % Grab any single-column material above us. \output = {\global\setbox\partialpage =\vbox{\unvbox255\kern -\topskip \kern \baselineskip}}% \eject % % Now switch to the double-column output routine. \output={\doublecolumnout}% % % Change the page size parameters. We could do this once outside this % routine, in each of @smallbook, @afourpaper, and the default 8.5x11 % format, but then we repeat the same computation. Repeating a couple % of assignments once per index is clearly meaningless for the % execution time, so we may as well do it once. % % First we halve the line length, less a little for the gutter between % the columns. We compute the gutter based on the line length, so it % changes automatically with the paper format. The magic constant % below is chosen so that the gutter has the same value (well, +- < % 1pt) as it did when we hard-coded it. % % We put the result in a separate register, \doublecolumhsize, so we % can restore it in \pagesofar, after \hsize itself has (potentially) % been clobbered. % \doublecolumnhsize = \hsize \advance\doublecolumnhsize by -.04154\hsize \divide\doublecolumnhsize by 2 \hsize = \doublecolumnhsize % % Double the \vsize as well. (We don't need a separate register here, % since nobody clobbers \vsize.) \vsize = 2\vsize \doublecolumnpagegoal } \def\enddoublecolumns{\eject \endgroup \pagegoal=\vsize \unvbox\partialpage} \def\doublecolumnsplit{\splittopskip=\topskip \splitmaxdepth=\maxdepth \global\dimen@=\pageheight \global\advance\dimen@ by-\ht\partialpage \global\setbox1=\vsplit255 to\dimen@ \global\setbox0=\vbox{\unvbox1} \global\setbox3=\vsplit255 to\dimen@ \global\setbox2=\vbox{\unvbox3} \ifdim\ht0>\dimen@ \setbox255=\vbox{\unvbox0\unvbox2} \global\setbox255=\copy5 \fi \ifdim\ht2>\dimen@ \setbox255=\vbox{\unvbox0\unvbox2} \global\setbox255=\copy5 \fi } \def\doublecolumnpagegoal{% \dimen@=\vsize \advance\dimen@ by-2\ht\partialpage \global\pagegoal=\dimen@ } \def\pagesofar{\unvbox\partialpage % \hsize=\doublecolumnhsize % have to restore this since output routine \wd0=\hsize \wd2=\hsize \hbox to\pagewidth{\box0\hfil\box2}} \def\doublecolumnout{% \setbox5=\copy255 {\vbadness=10000 \doublecolumnsplit} \ifvbox255 \setbox0=\vtop to\dimen@{\unvbox0} \setbox2=\vtop to\dimen@{\unvbox2} \onepageout\pagesofar \unvbox255 \penalty\outputpenalty \else \setbox0=\vbox{\unvbox5} \ifvbox0 \dimen@=\ht0 \advance\dimen@ by\topskip \advance\dimen@ by-\baselineskip \divide\dimen@ by2 \splittopskip=\topskip \splitmaxdepth=\maxdepth {\vbadness=10000 \loop \global\setbox5=\copy0 \setbox1=\vsplit5 to\dimen@ \setbox3=\vsplit5 to\dimen@ \ifvbox5 \global\advance\dimen@ by1pt \repeat \setbox0=\vbox to\dimen@{\unvbox1} \setbox2=\vbox to\dimen@{\unvbox3} \global\setbox\partialpage=\vbox{\pagesofar} \doublecolumnpagegoal } \fi \fi } \catcode `\@=\other \message{sectioning,} % Define chapters, sections, etc. \newcount \chapno \newcount \secno \secno=0 \newcount \subsecno \subsecno=0 \newcount \subsubsecno \subsubsecno=0 % This counter is funny since it counts through charcodes of letters A, B, ... \newcount \appendixno \appendixno = `\@ \def\appendixletter{\char\the\appendixno} \newwrite \contentsfile % This is called from \setfilename. \def\opencontents{\openout \contentsfile = \jobname.toc} % Each @chapter defines this as the name of the chapter. % page headings and footings can use it. @section does likewise \def\thischapter{} \def\thissection{} \def\seccheck#1{\if \pageno<0 % \errmessage{@#1 not allowed after generating table of contents}\fi % } \def\chapternofonts{% \let\rawbackslash=\relax% \let\frenchspacing=\relax% \def\result{\realbackslash result} \def\equiv{\realbackslash equiv} \def\expansion{\realbackslash expansion} \def\print{\realbackslash print} \def\TeX{\realbackslash TeX} \def\dots{\realbackslash dots} \def\copyright{\realbackslash copyright} \def\tt{\realbackslash tt} \def\bf{\realbackslash bf } \def\w{\realbackslash w} \def\less{\realbackslash less} \def\gtr{\realbackslash gtr} \def\hat{\realbackslash hat} \def\char{\realbackslash char} \def\tclose##1{\realbackslash tclose {##1}} \def\code##1{\realbackslash code {##1}} \def\samp##1{\realbackslash samp {##1}} \def\r##1{\realbackslash r {##1}} \def\b##1{\realbackslash b {##1}} \def\key##1{\realbackslash key {##1}} \def\file##1{\realbackslash file {##1}} \def\kbd##1{\realbackslash kbd {##1}} % These are redefined because @smartitalic wouldn't work inside xdef. \def\i##1{\realbackslash i {##1}} \def\cite##1{\realbackslash cite {##1}} \def\var##1{\realbackslash var {##1}} \def\emph##1{\realbackslash emph {##1}} \def\dfn##1{\realbackslash dfn {##1}} } \newcount\absseclevel % used to calculate proper heading level \newcount\secbase\secbase=0 % @raise/lowersections modify this count % @raisesections: treat @section as chapter, @subsection as section, etc. \def\raisesections{\global\advance\secbase by -1} \let\up=\raisesections % original BFox name % @lowersections: treat @chapter as section, @section as subsection, etc. \def\lowersections{\global\advance\secbase by 1} \let\down=\lowersections % original BFox name % Choose a numbered-heading macro % #1 is heading level if unmodified by @raisesections or @lowersections % #2 is text for heading \def\numhead#1#2{\absseclevel=\secbase\advance\absseclevel by #1 \ifcase\absseclevel \chapterzzz{#2} \or \seczzz{#2} \or \numberedsubseczzz{#2} \or \numberedsubsubseczzz{#2} \else \ifnum \absseclevel<0 \chapterzzz{#2} \else \numberedsubsubseczzz{#2} \fi \fi } % like \numhead, but chooses appendix heading levels \def\apphead#1#2{\absseclevel=\secbase\advance\absseclevel by #1 \ifcase\absseclevel \appendixzzz{#2} \or \appendixsectionzzz{#2} \or \appendixsubseczzz{#2} \or \appendixsubsubseczzz{#2} \else \ifnum \absseclevel<0 \appendixzzz{#2} \else \appendixsubsubseczzz{#2} \fi \fi } % like \numhead, but chooses numberless heading levels \def\unnmhead#1#2{\absseclevel=\secbase\advance\absseclevel by #1 \ifcase\absseclevel \unnumberedzzz{#2} \or \unnumberedseczzz{#2} \or \unnumberedsubseczzz{#2} \or \unnumberedsubsubseczzz{#2} \else \ifnum \absseclevel<0 \unnumberedzzz{#2} \else \unnumberedsubsubseczzz{#2} \fi \fi } \def\thischaptername{No Chapter Title} \outer\def\chapter{\parsearg\chapteryyy} \def\chapteryyy #1{\numhead0{#1}} % normally numhead0 calls chapterzzz \def\chapterzzz #1{\seccheck{chapter}% \secno=0 \subsecno=0 \subsubsecno=0 \global\advance \chapno by 1 \message{Chapter \the\chapno}% \chapmacro {#1}{\the\chapno}% \gdef\thissection{#1}% \gdef\thischaptername{#1}% % We don't substitute the actual chapter name into \thischapter % because we don't want its macros evaluated now. \xdef\thischapter{Chapter \the\chapno: \noexpand\thischaptername}% {\chapternofonts% \edef\temp{{\realbackslash chapentry {#1}{\the\chapno}{\noexpand\folio}}}% \escapechar=`\\% \write \contentsfile \temp % \donoderef % \global\let\section = \numberedsec \global\let\subsection = \numberedsubsec \global\let\subsubsection = \numberedsubsubsec }} \outer\def\appendix{\parsearg\appendixyyy} \def\appendixyyy #1{\apphead0{#1}} % normally apphead0 calls appendixzzz \def\appendixzzz #1{\seccheck{appendix}% \secno=0 \subsecno=0 \subsubsecno=0 \global\advance \appendixno by 1 \message{Appendix \appendixletter}% \chapmacro {#1}{Appendix \appendixletter}% \gdef\thissection{#1}% \gdef\thischaptername{#1}% \xdef\thischapter{Appendix \appendixletter: \noexpand\thischaptername}% {\chapternofonts% \edef\temp{{\realbackslash chapentry {#1}{Appendix \appendixletter}{\noexpand\folio}}}% \escapechar=`\\% \write \contentsfile \temp % \appendixnoderef % \global\let\section = \appendixsec \global\let\subsection = \appendixsubsec \global\let\subsubsection = \appendixsubsubsec }} \outer\def\top{\parsearg\unnumberedyyy} \outer\def\unnumbered{\parsearg\unnumberedyyy} \def\unnumberedyyy #1{\unnmhead0{#1}} % normally unnmhead0 calls unnumberedzzz \def\unnumberedzzz #1{\seccheck{unnumbered}% \secno=0 \subsecno=0 \subsubsecno=0 % % This used to be simply \message{#1}, but TeX fully expands the % argument to \message. Therefore, if #1 contained @-commands, TeX % expanded them. For example, in `@unnumbered The @cite{Book}', TeX % expanded @cite (which turns out to cause errors because \cite is meant % to be executed, not expanded). % % Anyway, we don't want the fully-expanded definition of @cite to appear % as a result of the \message, we just want `@cite' itself. We use % \the to achieve this: TeX expands \the only once, % simply yielding the contents of the . \toks0 = {#1}\message{(\the\toks0)}% % \unnumbchapmacro {#1}% \gdef\thischapter{#1}\gdef\thissection{#1}% {\chapternofonts% \edef\temp{{\realbackslash unnumbchapentry {#1}{\noexpand\folio}}}% \escapechar=`\\% \write \contentsfile \temp % \unnumbnoderef % \global\let\section = \unnumberedsec \global\let\subsection = \unnumberedsubsec \global\let\subsubsection = \unnumberedsubsubsec }} \outer\def\numberedsec{\parsearg\secyyy} \def\secyyy #1{\numhead1{#1}} % normally calls seczzz \def\seczzz #1{\seccheck{section}% \subsecno=0 \subsubsecno=0 \global\advance \secno by 1 % \gdef\thissection{#1}\secheading {#1}{\the\chapno}{\the\secno}% {\chapternofonts% \edef\temp{{\realbackslash secentry % {#1}{\the\chapno}{\the\secno}{\noexpand\folio}}}% \escapechar=`\\% \write \contentsfile \temp % \donoderef % \penalty 10000 % }} \outer\def\appenixsection{\parsearg\appendixsecyyy} \outer\def\appendixsec{\parsearg\appendixsecyyy} \def\appendixsecyyy #1{\apphead1{#1}} % normally calls appendixsectionzzz \def\appendixsectionzzz #1{\seccheck{appendixsection}% \subsecno=0 \subsubsecno=0 \global\advance \secno by 1 % \gdef\thissection{#1}\secheading {#1}{\appendixletter}{\the\secno}% {\chapternofonts% \edef\temp{{\realbackslash secentry % {#1}{\appendixletter}{\the\secno}{\noexpand\folio}}}% \escapechar=`\\% \write \contentsfile \temp % \appendixnoderef % \penalty 10000 % }} \outer\def\unnumberedsec{\parsearg\unnumberedsecyyy} \def\unnumberedsecyyy #1{\unnmhead1{#1}} % normally calls unnumberedseczzz \def\unnumberedseczzz #1{\seccheck{unnumberedsec}% \plainsecheading {#1}\gdef\thissection{#1}% {\chapternofonts% \edef\temp{{\realbackslash unnumbsecentry{#1}{\noexpand\folio}}}% \escapechar=`\\% \write \contentsfile \temp % \unnumbnoderef % \penalty 10000 % }} \outer\def\numberedsubsec{\parsearg\numberedsubsecyyy} \def\numberedsubsecyyy #1{\numhead2{#1}} % normally calls numberedsubseczzz \def\numberedsubseczzz #1{\seccheck{subsection}% \gdef\thissection{#1}\subsubsecno=0 \global\advance \subsecno by 1 % \subsecheading {#1}{\the\chapno}{\the\secno}{\the\subsecno}% {\chapternofonts% \edef\temp{{\realbackslash subsecentry % {#1}{\the\chapno}{\the\secno}{\the\subsecno}{\noexpand\folio}}}% \escapechar=`\\% \write \contentsfile \temp % \donoderef % \penalty 10000 % }} \outer\def\appendixsubsec{\parsearg\appendixsubsecyyy} \def\appendixsubsecyyy #1{\apphead2{#1}} % normally calls appendixsubseczzz \def\appendixsubseczzz #1{\seccheck{appendixsubsec}% \gdef\thissection{#1}\subsubsecno=0 \global\advance \subsecno by 1 % \subsecheading {#1}{\appendixletter}{\the\secno}{\the\subsecno}% {\chapternofonts% \edef\temp{{\realbackslash subsecentry % {#1}{\appendixletter}{\the\secno}{\the\subsecno}{\noexpand\folio}}}% \escapechar=`\\% \write \contentsfile \temp % \appendixnoderef % \penalty 10000 % }} \outer\def\unnumberedsubsec{\parsearg\unnumberedsubsecyyy} \def\unnumberedsubsecyyy #1{\unnmhead2{#1}} %normally calls unnumberedsubseczzz \def\unnumberedsubseczzz #1{\seccheck{unnumberedsubsec}% \plainsecheading {#1}\gdef\thissection{#1}% {\chapternofonts% \edef\temp{{\realbackslash unnumbsubsecentry{#1}{\noexpand\folio}}}% \escapechar=`\\% \write \contentsfile \temp % \unnumbnoderef % \penalty 10000 % }} \outer\def\numberedsubsubsec{\parsearg\numberedsubsubsecyyy} \def\numberedsubsubsecyyy #1{\numhead3{#1}} % normally numberedsubsubseczzz \def\numberedsubsubseczzz #1{\seccheck{subsubsection}% \gdef\thissection{#1}\global\advance \subsubsecno by 1 % \subsubsecheading {#1} {\the\chapno}{\the\secno}{\the\subsecno}{\the\subsubsecno}% {\chapternofonts% \edef\temp{{\realbackslash subsubsecentry % {#1} {\the\chapno}{\the\secno}{\the\subsecno}{\the\subsubsecno} {\noexpand\folio}}}% \escapechar=`\\% \write \contentsfile \temp % \donoderef % \penalty 10000 % }} \outer\def\appendixsubsubsec{\parsearg\appendixsubsubsecyyy} \def\appendixsubsubsecyyy #1{\apphead3{#1}} % normally appendixsubsubseczzz \def\appendixsubsubseczzz #1{\seccheck{appendixsubsubsec}% \gdef\thissection{#1}\global\advance \subsubsecno by 1 % \subsubsecheading {#1} {\appendixletter}{\the\secno}{\the\subsecno}{\the\subsubsecno}% {\chapternofonts% \edef\temp{{\realbackslash subsubsecentry{#1}% {\appendixletter} {\the\secno}{\the\subsecno}{\the\subsubsecno}{\noexpand\folio}}}% \escapechar=`\\% \write \contentsfile \temp % \appendixnoderef % \penalty 10000 % }} \outer\def\unnumberedsubsubsec{\parsearg\unnumberedsubsubsecyyy} \def\unnumberedsubsubsecyyy #1{\unnmhead3{#1}} %normally unnumberedsubsubseczzz \def\unnumberedsubsubseczzz #1{\seccheck{unnumberedsubsubsec}% \plainsecheading {#1}\gdef\thissection{#1}% {\chapternofonts% \edef\temp{{\realbackslash unnumbsubsubsecentry{#1}{\noexpand\folio}}}% \escapechar=`\\% \write \contentsfile \temp % \unnumbnoderef % \penalty 10000 % }} % These are variants which are not "outer", so they can appear in @ifinfo. % Actually, they should now be obsolete; ordinary section commands should work. \def\infotop{\parsearg\unnumberedzzz} \def\infounnumbered{\parsearg\unnumberedzzz} \def\infounnumberedsec{\parsearg\unnumberedseczzz} \def\infounnumberedsubsec{\parsearg\unnumberedsubseczzz} \def\infounnumberedsubsubsec{\parsearg\unnumberedsubsubseczzz} \def\infoappendix{\parsearg\appendixzzz} \def\infoappendixsec{\parsearg\appendixseczzz} \def\infoappendixsubsec{\parsearg\appendixsubseczzz} \def\infoappendixsubsubsec{\parsearg\appendixsubsubseczzz} \def\infochapter{\parsearg\chapterzzz} \def\infosection{\parsearg\sectionzzz} \def\infosubsection{\parsearg\subsectionzzz} \def\infosubsubsection{\parsearg\subsubsectionzzz} % These macros control what the section commands do, according % to what kind of chapter we are in (ordinary, appendix, or unnumbered). % Define them by default for a numbered chapter. \global\let\section = \numberedsec \global\let\subsection = \numberedsubsec \global\let\subsubsection = \numberedsubsubsec % Define @majorheading, @heading and @subheading % NOTE on use of \vbox for chapter headings, section headings, and % such: % 1) We use \vbox rather than the earlier \line to permit % overlong headings to fold. % 2) \hyphenpenalty is set to 10000 because hyphenation in a % heading is obnoxious; this forbids it. % 3) Likewise, headings look best if no \parindent is used, and % if justification is not attempted. Hence \raggedright. \def\majorheading{\parsearg\majorheadingzzz} \def\majorheadingzzz #1{% {\advance\chapheadingskip by 10pt \chapbreak }% {\chapfonts \vbox{\hyphenpenalty=10000\tolerance=5000 \parindent=0pt\raggedright \rm #1\hfill}}\bigskip \par\penalty 200} \def\chapheading{\parsearg\chapheadingzzz} \def\chapheadingzzz #1{\chapbreak % {\chapfonts \vbox{\hyphenpenalty=10000\tolerance=5000 \parindent=0pt\raggedright \rm #1\hfill}}\bigskip \par\penalty 200} \def\heading{\parsearg\secheadingi} \def\subheading{\parsearg\subsecheadingi} \def\subsubheading{\parsearg\subsubsecheadingi} % These macros generate a chapter, section, etc. heading only % (including whitespace, linebreaking, etc. around it), % given all the information in convenient, parsed form. %%% Args are the skip and penalty (usually negative) \def\dobreak#1#2{\par\ifdim\lastskip<#1\removelastskip\penalty#2\vskip#1\fi} \def\setchapterstyle #1 {\csname CHAPF#1\endcsname} %%% Define plain chapter starts, and page on/off switching for it % Parameter controlling skip before chapter headings (if needed) \newskip \chapheadingskip \chapheadingskip = 30pt plus 8pt minus 4pt \def\chapbreak{\dobreak \chapheadingskip {-4000}} \def\chappager{\par\vfill\supereject} \def\chapoddpage{\chappager \ifodd\pageno \else \hbox to 0pt{} \chappager\fi} \def\setchapternewpage #1 {\csname CHAPPAG#1\endcsname} \def\CHAPPAGoff{ \global\let\pchapsepmacro=\chapbreak \global\let\pagealignmacro=\chappager} \def\CHAPPAGon{ \global\let\pchapsepmacro=\chappager \global\let\pagealignmacro=\chappager \global\def\HEADINGSon{\HEADINGSsingle}} \def\CHAPPAGodd{ \global\let\pchapsepmacro=\chapoddpage \global\let\pagealignmacro=\chapoddpage \global\def\HEADINGSon{\HEADINGSdouble}} \CHAPPAGon \def\CHAPFplain{ \global\let\chapmacro=\chfplain \global\let\unnumbchapmacro=\unnchfplain} \def\chfplain #1#2{% \pchapsepmacro {% \chapfonts \vbox{\hyphenpenalty=10000\tolerance=5000 \parindent=0pt\raggedright \rm #2\enspace #1}% }% \bigskip \penalty5000 } \def\unnchfplain #1{% \pchapsepmacro % {\chapfonts \vbox{\hyphenpenalty=10000\tolerance=5000 \parindent=0pt\raggedright \rm #1\hfill}}\bigskip \par\penalty 10000 % } \CHAPFplain % The default \def\unnchfopen #1{% \chapoddpage {\chapfonts \vbox{\hyphenpenalty=10000\tolerance=5000 \parindent=0pt\raggedright \rm #1\hfill}}\bigskip \par\penalty 10000 % } \def\chfopen #1#2{\chapoddpage {\chapfonts \vbox to 3in{\vfil \hbox to\hsize{\hfil #2} \hbox to\hsize{\hfil #1} \vfil}}% \par\penalty 5000 % } \def\CHAPFopen{ \global\let\chapmacro=\chfopen \global\let\unnumbchapmacro=\unnchfopen} % Parameter controlling skip before section headings. \newskip \subsecheadingskip \subsecheadingskip = 17pt plus 8pt minus 4pt \def\subsecheadingbreak{\dobreak \subsecheadingskip {-500}} \newskip \secheadingskip \secheadingskip = 21pt plus 8pt minus 4pt \def\secheadingbreak{\dobreak \secheadingskip {-1000}} % @paragraphindent is defined for the Info formatting commands only. \let\paragraphindent=\comment % Section fonts are the base font at magstep2, which produces % a size a bit more than 14 points in the default situation. \def\secheading #1#2#3{\secheadingi {#2.#3\enspace #1}} \def\plainsecheading #1{\secheadingi {#1}} \def\secheadingi #1{{\advance \secheadingskip by \parskip % \secheadingbreak}% {\secfonts \vbox{\hyphenpenalty=10000\tolerance=5000 \parindent=0pt\raggedright \rm #1\hfill}}% \ifdim \parskip<10pt \kern 10pt\kern -\parskip\fi \penalty 10000 } % Subsection fonts are the base font at magstep1, % which produces a size of 12 points. \def\subsecheading #1#2#3#4{\subsecheadingi {#2.#3.#4\enspace #1}} \def\subsecheadingi #1{{\advance \subsecheadingskip by \parskip % \subsecheadingbreak}% {\subsecfonts \vbox{\hyphenpenalty=10000\tolerance=5000 \parindent=0pt\raggedright \rm #1\hfill}}% \ifdim \parskip<10pt \kern 10pt\kern -\parskip\fi \penalty 10000 } \def\subsubsecfonts{\subsecfonts} % Maybe this should change: % Perhaps make sssec fonts scaled % magstep half \def\subsubsecheading #1#2#3#4#5{\subsubsecheadingi {#2.#3.#4.#5\enspace #1}} \def\subsubsecheadingi #1{{\advance \subsecheadingskip by \parskip % \subsecheadingbreak}% {\subsubsecfonts \vbox{\hyphenpenalty=10000\tolerance=5000 \parindent=0pt\raggedright \rm #1\hfill}}% \ifdim \parskip<10pt \kern 10pt\kern -\parskip\fi \penalty 10000} \message{toc printing,} % Finish up the main text and prepare to read what we've written % to \contentsfile. \newskip\contentsrightmargin \contentsrightmargin=1in \def\startcontents#1{% \pagealignmacro \immediate\closeout \contentsfile \ifnum \pageno>0 \pageno = -1 % Request roman numbered pages. \fi % Don't need to put `Contents' or `Short Contents' in the headline. % It is abundantly clear what they are. \unnumbchapmacro{#1}\def\thischapter{}% \begingroup % Set up to handle contents files properly. \catcode`\\=0 \catcode`\{=1 \catcode`\}=2 \catcode`\@=11 \raggedbottom % Worry more about breakpoints than the bottom. \advance\hsize by -\contentsrightmargin % Don't use the full line length. } % Normal (long) toc. \outer\def\contents{% \startcontents{Table of Contents}% \input \jobname.toc \endgroup \vfill \eject } % And just the chapters. \outer\def\summarycontents{% \startcontents{Short Contents}% % \let\chapentry = \shortchapentry \let\unnumbchapentry = \shortunnumberedentry % We want a true roman here for the page numbers. \secfonts \let\rm=\shortcontrm \let\bf=\shortcontbf \let\sl=\shortcontsl \rm \advance\baselineskip by 1pt % Open it up a little. \def\secentry ##1##2##3##4{} \def\unnumbsecentry ##1##2{} \def\subsecentry ##1##2##3##4##5{} \def\unnumbsubsecentry ##1##2{} \def\subsubsecentry ##1##2##3##4##5##6{} \def\unnumbsubsubsecentry ##1##2{} \input \jobname.toc \endgroup \vfill \eject } \let\shortcontents = \summarycontents % These macros generate individual entries in the table of contents. % The first argument is the chapter or section name. % The last argument is the page number. % The arguments in between are the chapter number, section number, ... % Chapter-level things, for both the long and short contents. \def\chapentry#1#2#3{\dochapentry{#2\labelspace#1}{#3}} % See comments in \dochapentry re vbox and related settings \def\shortchapentry#1#2#3{% \tocentry{\shortchaplabel{#2}\labelspace #1}{\doshortpageno{#3}}% } % Typeset the label for a chapter or appendix for the short contents. % The arg is, e.g. `Appendix A' for an appendix, or `3' for a chapter. % We could simplify the code here by writing out an \appendixentry % command in the toc file for appendices, instead of using \chapentry % for both, but it doesn't seem worth it. \setbox0 = \hbox{\shortcontrm Appendix } \newdimen\shortappendixwidth \shortappendixwidth = \wd0 \def\shortchaplabel#1{% % We typeset #1 in a box of constant width, regardless of the text of % #1, so the chapter titles will come out aligned. \setbox0 = \hbox{#1}% \dimen0 = \ifdim\wd0 > \shortappendixwidth \shortappendixwidth \else 0pt \fi % % This space should be plenty, since a single number is .5em, and the % widest letter (M) is 1em, at least in the Computer Modern fonts. % (This space doesn't include the extra space that gets added after % the label; that gets put in in \shortchapentry above.) \advance\dimen0 by 1.1em \hbox to \dimen0{#1\hfil}% } \def\unnumbchapentry#1#2{\dochapentry{#1}{#2}} \def\shortunnumberedentry#1#2{\tocentry{#1}{\doshortpageno{#2}}} % Sections. \def\secentry#1#2#3#4{\dosecentry{#2.#3\labelspace#1}{#4}} \def\unnumbsecentry#1#2{\dosecentry{#1}{#2}} % Subsections. \def\subsecentry#1#2#3#4#5{\dosubsecentry{#2.#3.#4\labelspace#1}{#5}} \def\unnumbsubsecentry#1#2{\dosubsecentry{#1}{#2}} % And subsubsections. \def\subsubsecentry#1#2#3#4#5#6{% \dosubsubsecentry{#2.#3.#4.#5\labelspace#1}{#6}} \def\unnumbsubsubsecentry#1#2{\dosubsubsecentry{#1}{#2}} % This parameter controls the indentation of the various levels. \newdimen\tocindent \tocindent = 3pc % Now for the actual typesetting. In all these, #1 is the text and #2 is the % page number. % % If the toc has to be broken over pages, we would want to be at chapters % if at all possible; hence the \penalty. \def\dochapentry#1#2{% \penalty-300 \vskip\baselineskip \begingroup \chapentryfonts \tocentry{#1}{\dopageno{#2}}% \endgroup \nobreak\vskip .25\baselineskip } \def\dosecentry#1#2{\begingroup \secentryfonts \leftskip=\tocindent \tocentry{#1}{\dopageno{#2}}% \endgroup} \def\dosubsecentry#1#2{\begingroup \subsecentryfonts \leftskip=2\tocindent \tocentry{#1}{\dopageno{#2}}% \endgroup} \def\dosubsubsecentry#1#2{\begingroup \subsubsecentryfonts \leftskip=3\tocindent \tocentry{#1}{\dopageno{#2}}% \endgroup} % Final typesetting of a toc entry; we use the same \entry macro as for % the index entries, but we want to suppress hyphenation here. (We % can't do that in the \entry macro, since index entries might consist % of hyphenated-identifiers-that-do-not-fit-on-a-line-and-nothing-else.) % \def\tocentry#1#2{\begingroup \hyphenpenalty = 10000 \entry{#1}{#2}% \endgroup} % Space between chapter (or whatever) number and the title. \def\labelspace{\hskip1em \relax} \def\dopageno#1{{\rm #1}} \def\doshortpageno#1{{\rm #1}} \def\chapentryfonts{\secfonts \rm} \def\secentryfonts{\textfonts} \let\subsecentryfonts = \textfonts \let\subsubsecentryfonts = \textfonts \message{environments,} % Since these characters are used in examples, it should be an even number of % \tt widths. Each \tt character is 1en, so two makes it 1em. % Furthermore, these definitions must come after we define our fonts. \newbox\dblarrowbox \newbox\longdblarrowbox \newbox\pushcharbox \newbox\bullbox \newbox\equivbox \newbox\errorbox \let\ptexequiv = \equiv %{\tentt %\global\setbox\dblarrowbox = \hbox to 1em{\hfil$\Rightarrow$\hfil} %\global\setbox\longdblarrowbox = \hbox to 1em{\hfil$\mapsto$\hfil} %\global\setbox\pushcharbox = \hbox to 1em{\hfil$\dashv$\hfil} %\global\setbox\equivbox = \hbox to 1em{\hfil$\ptexequiv$\hfil} % Adapted from the manmac format (p.420 of TeXbook) %\global\setbox\bullbox = \hbox to 1em{\kern.15em\vrule height .75ex width .85ex % depth .1ex\hfil} %} \def\point{$\star$} \def\result{\leavevmode\raise.15ex\hbox to 1em{\hfil$\Rightarrow$\hfil}} \def\expansion{\leavevmode\raise.1ex\hbox to 1em{\hfil$\mapsto$\hfil}} \def\print{\leavevmode\lower.1ex\hbox to 1em{\hfil$\dashv$\hfil}} \def\equiv{\leavevmode\lower.1ex\hbox to 1em{\hfil$\ptexequiv$\hfil}} % Adapted from the TeXbook's \boxit. {\tentt \global\dimen0 = 3em}% Width of the box. \dimen2 = .55pt % Thickness of rules % The text. (`r' is open on the right, `e' somewhat less so on the left.) \setbox0 = \hbox{\kern-.75pt \tensf error\kern-1.5pt} \global\setbox\errorbox=\hbox to \dimen0{\hfil \hsize = \dimen0 \advance\hsize by -5.8pt % Space to left+right. \advance\hsize by -2\dimen2 % Rules. \vbox{ \hrule height\dimen2 \hbox{\vrule width\dimen2 \kern3pt % Space to left of text. \vtop{\kern2.4pt \box0 \kern2.4pt}% Space above/below. \kern3pt\vrule width\dimen2}% Space to right. \hrule height\dimen2} \hfil} % The @error{} command. \def\error{\leavevmode\lower.7ex\copy\errorbox} % @tex ... @end tex escapes into raw Tex temporarily. % One exception: @ is still an escape character, so that @end tex works. % But \@ or @@ will get a plain tex @ character. \def\tex{\begingroup \catcode `\\=0 \catcode `\{=1 \catcode `\}=2 \catcode `\$=3 \catcode `\&=4 \catcode `\#=6 \catcode `\^=7 \catcode `\_=8 \catcode `\~=13 \let~=\tie \catcode `\%=14 \catcode 43=12 \catcode`\"=12 \catcode`\==12 \catcode`\|=12 \catcode`\<=12 \catcode`\>=12 \escapechar=`\\ % \let\{=\ptexlbrace \let\}=\ptexrbrace \let\.=\ptexdot \let\*=\ptexstar \let\dots=\ptexdots \def\@{@}% \let\bullet=\ptexbullet \let\b=\ptexb \let\c=\ptexc \let\i=\ptexi \let\t=\ptext \let\l=\ptexl \let\L=\ptexL % \let\Etex=\endgroup} % Define @lisp ... @endlisp. % @lisp does a \begingroup so it can rebind things, % including the definition of @endlisp (which normally is erroneous). % Amount to narrow the margins by for @lisp. \newskip\lispnarrowing \lispnarrowing=0.4in % This is the definition that ^^M gets inside @lisp, @example, and other % such environments. \null is better than a space, since it doesn't % have any width. \def\lisppar{\null\endgraf} % Make each space character in the input produce a normal interword % space in the output. Don't allow a line break at this space, as this % is used only in environments like @example, where each line of input % should produce a line of output anyway. % {\obeyspaces % \gdef\sepspaces{\obeyspaces\let =\tie}} % Define \obeyedspace to be our active space, whatever it is. This is % for use in \parsearg. {\sepspaces % \global\let\obeyedspace= } % This space is always present above and below environments. \newskip\envskipamount \envskipamount = 0pt % Make spacing and below environment symmetrical. We use \parskip here % to help in doing that, since in @example-like environments \parskip % is reset to zero; thus the \afterenvbreak inserts no space -- but the % start of the next paragraph will insert \parskip % \def\aboveenvbreak{{\advance\envskipamount by \parskip \endgraf \ifdim\lastskip<\envskipamount \removelastskip \penalty-50 \vskip\envskipamount \fi}} \let\afterenvbreak = \aboveenvbreak % \nonarrowing is a flag. If "set", @lisp etc don't narrow margins. \let\nonarrowing=\relax %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% % \cartouche: draw rectangle w/rounded corners around argument \font\circle=lcircle10 \newdimen\circthick \newdimen\cartouter\newdimen\cartinner \newskip\normbskip\newskip\normpskip\newskip\normlskip \circthick=\fontdimen8\circle % \def\ctl{{\circle\char'013\hskip -6pt}}% 6pt from pl file: 1/2charwidth \def\ctr{{\hskip 6pt\circle\char'010}} \def\cbl{{\circle\char'012\hskip -6pt}} \def\cbr{{\hskip 6pt\circle\char'011}} \def\carttop{\hbox to \cartouter{\hskip\lskip \ctl\leaders\hrule height\circthick\hfil\ctr \hskip\rskip}} \def\cartbot{\hbox to \cartouter{\hskip\lskip \cbl\leaders\hrule height\circthick\hfil\cbr \hskip\rskip}} % \newskip\lskip\newskip\rskip \long\def\cartouche{% \begingroup \lskip=\leftskip \rskip=\rightskip \leftskip=0pt\rightskip=0pt %we want these *outside*. \cartinner=\hsize \advance\cartinner by-\lskip \advance\cartinner by-\rskip \cartouter=\hsize \advance\cartouter by 18pt % allow for 3pt kerns on either % side, and for 6pt waste from % each corner char \normbskip=\baselineskip \normpskip=\parskip \normlskip=\lineskip % Flag to tell @lisp, etc., not to narrow margin. \let\nonarrowing=\comment \vbox\bgroup \baselineskip=0pt\parskip=0pt\lineskip=0pt \carttop \hbox\bgroup \hskip\lskip \vrule\kern3pt \vbox\bgroup \hsize=\cartinner \kern3pt \begingroup \baselineskip=\normbskip \lineskip=\normlskip \parskip=\normpskip \vskip -\parskip \def\Ecartouche{% \endgroup \kern3pt \egroup \kern3pt\vrule \hskip\rskip \egroup \cartbot \egroup \endgroup }} % This macro is called at the beginning of all the @example variants, % inside a group. \def\nonfillstart{% \aboveenvbreak \inENV % This group ends at the end of the body \hfuzz = 12pt % Don't be fussy \sepspaces % Make spaces be word-separators rather than space tokens. \singlespace \let\par = \lisppar % don't ignore blank lines \obeylines % each line of input is a line of output \parskip = 0pt \parindent = 0pt \emergencystretch = 0pt % don't try to avoid overfull boxes % @cartouche defines \nonarrowing to inhibit narrowing % at next level down. \ifx\nonarrowing\relax \advance \leftskip by \lispnarrowing \exdentamount=\lispnarrowing \let\exdent=\nofillexdent \let\nonarrowing=\relax \fi } % To ending an @example-like environment, we first end the paragraph % (via \afterenvbreak's vertical glue), and then the group. That way we % keep the zero \parskip that the environments set -- \parskip glue % will be inserted at the beginning of the next paragraph in the % document, after the environment. % \def\nonfillfinish{\afterenvbreak\endgroup}% % This macro is \def\lisp{\begingroup \nonfillstart \let\Elisp = \nonfillfinish \tt \rawbackslash % have \ input char produce \ char from current font \gobble } % Define the \E... control sequence only if we are inside the % environment, so the error checking in \end will work. % % We must call \lisp last in the definition, since it reads the % return following the @example (or whatever) command. % \def\example{\begingroup \def\Eexample{\nonfillfinish\endgroup}\lisp} \def\smallexample{\begingroup \def\Esmallexample{\nonfillfinish\endgroup}\lisp} \def\smalllisp{\begingroup \def\Esmalllisp{\nonfillfinish\endgroup}\lisp} % @smallexample and @smalllisp. This is not used unless the @smallbook % command is given. Originally contributed by Pavel@xerox. % \def\smalllispx{\begingroup \nonfillstart \let\Esmalllisp = \nonfillfinish \let\Esmallexample = \nonfillfinish % % Smaller interline space and fonts for small examples. \baselineskip 10pt \indexfonts \tt \rawbackslash % output the \ character from the current font \gobble } % This is @display; same as @lisp except use roman font. % \def\display{\begingroup \nonfillstart \let\Edisplay = \nonfillfinish \gobble } % This is @format; same as @display except don't narrow margins. % \def\format{\begingroup \let\nonarrowing = t \nonfillstart \let\Eformat = \nonfillfinish \gobble } % @flushleft (same as @format) and @flushright. % \def\flushleft{\begingroup \let\nonarrowing = t \nonfillstart \let\Eflushleft = \nonfillfinish \gobble } \def\flushright{\begingroup \let\nonarrowing = t \nonfillstart \let\Eflushright = \nonfillfinish \advance\leftskip by 0pt plus 1fill \gobble} % @quotation does normal linebreaking and narrows the margins. % \def\quotation{% \begingroup\inENV %This group ends at the end of the @quotation body {\parskip=0pt % because we will skip by \parskip too, later \aboveenvbreak}% \singlespace \parindent=0pt \let\Equotation = \nonfillfinish % @cartouche defines \nonarrowing to inhibit narrowing % at next level down. \ifx\nonarrowing\relax \advance \leftskip by \lispnarrowing \advance \rightskip by \lispnarrowing \exdentamount=\lispnarrowing \let\nonarrowing=\relax \fi} \message{defuns,} % Define formatter for defuns % First, allow user to change definition object font (\df) internally \def\setdeffont #1 {\csname DEF#1\endcsname} \newskip\defbodyindent \defbodyindent=.4in \newskip\defargsindent \defargsindent=50pt \newskip\deftypemargin \deftypemargin=12pt \newskip\deflastargmargin \deflastargmargin=18pt \newcount\parencount % define \functionparens, which makes ( and ) and & do special things. % \functionparens affects the group it is contained in. \def\activeparens{% \catcode`\(=\active \catcode`\)=\active \catcode`\&=\active \catcode`\[=\active \catcode`\]=\active} % Make control sequences which act like normal parenthesis chars. \let\lparen = ( \let\rparen = ) {\activeparens % Now, smart parens don't turn on until &foo (see \amprm) % Be sure that we always have a definition for `(', etc. For example, % if the fn name has parens in it, \boldbrax will not be in effect yet, % so TeX would otherwise complain about undefined control sequence. \global\let(=\lparen \global\let)=\rparen \global\let[=\lbrack \global\let]=\rbrack \gdef\functionparens{\boldbrax\let&=\amprm\parencount=0 } \gdef\boldbrax{\let(=\opnr\let)=\clnr\let[=\lbrb\let]=\rbrb} % Definitions of (, ) and & used in args for functions. % This is the definition of ( outside of all parentheses. \gdef\oprm#1 {{\rm\char`\(}#1 \bf \let(=\opnested % \global\advance\parencount by 1 } % % This is the definition of ( when already inside a level of parens. \gdef\opnested{\char`\(\global\advance\parencount by 1 } % \gdef\clrm{% Print a paren in roman if it is taking us back to depth of 0. % also in that case restore the outer-level definition of (. \ifnum \parencount=1 {\rm \char `\)}\sl \let(=\oprm \else \char `\) \fi \global\advance \parencount by -1 } % If we encounter &foo, then turn on ()-hacking afterwards \gdef\amprm#1 {{\rm\}\let(=\oprm \let)=\clrm\ } % \gdef\normalparens{\boldbrax\let&=\ampnr} } % End of definition inside \activeparens %% These parens (in \boldbrax) actually are a little bolder than the %% contained text. This is especially needed for [ and ] \def\opnr{{\sf\char`\(}} \def\clnr{{\sf\char`\)}} \def\ampnr{\&} \def\lbrb{{\bf\char`\[}} \def\rbrb{{\bf\char`\]}} % First, defname, which formats the header line itself. % #1 should be the function name. % #2 should be the type of definition, such as "Function". \def\defname #1#2{% % Get the values of \leftskip and \rightskip as they were % outside the @def... \dimen2=\leftskip \advance\dimen2 by -\defbodyindent \dimen3=\rightskip \advance\dimen3 by -\defbodyindent \noindent % \setbox0=\hbox{\hskip \deflastargmargin{\rm #2}\hskip \deftypemargin}% \dimen0=\hsize \advance \dimen0 by -\wd0 % compute size for first line \dimen1=\hsize \advance \dimen1 by -\defargsindent %size for continuations \parshape 2 0in \dimen0 \defargsindent \dimen1 % % Now output arg 2 ("Function" or some such) % ending at \deftypemargin from the right margin, % but stuck inside a box of width 0 so it does not interfere with linebreaking {% Adjust \hsize to exclude the ambient margins, % so that \rightline will obey them. \advance \hsize by -\dimen2 \advance \hsize by -\dimen3 \rlap{\rightline{{\rm #2}\hskip \deftypemargin}}}% % Make all lines underfull and no complaints: \tolerance=10000 \hbadness=10000 \advance\leftskip by -\defbodyindent \exdentamount=\defbodyindent {\df #1}\enskip % Generate function name } % Actually process the body of a definition % #1 should be the terminating control sequence, such as \Edefun. % #2 should be the "another name" control sequence, such as \defunx. % #3 should be the control sequence that actually processes the header, % such as \defunheader. \def\defparsebody #1#2#3{\begingroup\inENV% Environment for definitionbody \medbreak % % Define the end token that this defining construct specifies % so that it will exit this group. \def#1{\endgraf\endgroup\medbreak}% \def#2{\begingroup\obeylines\activeparens\spacesplit#3}% \parindent=0in \advance\leftskip by \defbodyindent \advance \rightskip by \defbodyindent \exdentamount=\defbodyindent \begingroup % \catcode 61=\active % \obeylines\activeparens\spacesplit#3} \def\defmethparsebody #1#2#3#4 {\begingroup\inENV % \medbreak % % Define the end token that this defining construct specifies % so that it will exit this group. \def#1{\endgraf\endgroup\medbreak}% \def#2##1 {\begingroup\obeylines\activeparens\spacesplit{#3{##1}}}% \parindent=0in \advance\leftskip by \defbodyindent \advance \rightskip by \defbodyindent \exdentamount=\defbodyindent \begingroup\obeylines\activeparens\spacesplit{#3{#4}}} \def\defopparsebody #1#2#3#4#5 {\begingroup\inENV % \medbreak % % Define the end token that this defining construct specifies % so that it will exit this group. \def#1{\endgraf\endgroup\medbreak}% \def#2##1 ##2 {\def#4{##1}% \begingroup\obeylines\activeparens\spacesplit{#3{##2}}}% \parindent=0in \advance\leftskip by \defbodyindent \advance \rightskip by \defbodyindent \exdentamount=\defbodyindent \begingroup\obeylines\activeparens\spacesplit{#3{#5}}} % These parsing functions are similar to the preceding ones % except that they do not make parens into active characters. % These are used for "variables" since they have no arguments. \def\defvarparsebody #1#2#3{\begingroup\inENV% Environment for definitionbody \medbreak % % Define the end token that this defining construct specifies % so that it will exit this group. \def#1{\endgraf\endgroup\medbreak}% \def#2{\begingroup\obeylines\spacesplit#3}% \parindent=0in \advance\leftskip by \defbodyindent \advance \rightskip by \defbodyindent \exdentamount=\defbodyindent \begingroup % \catcode 61=\active % \obeylines\spacesplit#3} \def\defvrparsebody #1#2#3#4 {\begingroup\inENV % \medbreak % % Define the end token that this defining construct specifies % so that it will exit this group. \def#1{\endgraf\endgroup\medbreak}% \def#2##1 {\begingroup\obeylines\spacesplit{#3{##1}}}% \parindent=0in \advance\leftskip by \defbodyindent \advance \rightskip by \defbodyindent \exdentamount=\defbodyindent \begingroup\obeylines\spacesplit{#3{#4}}} % This seems to work right in all cases. \let\deftpparsebody=\defvrparsebody % This fails to work. When given `@deftp {Data Type} foo_t', % it thinks the type name is just `f'. %%% This is the same as all the others except for the last line. We need %%% to parse the arguments differently for @deftp, since the ``attributes'' %%% there are optional. %%% %%\def\deftpparsebody #1#2#3#4 {\begingroup\inENV % %%\medbreak % %%% Define the end token that this defining construct specifies %%% so that it will exit this group. %%\def#1{\endgraf\endgroup\medbreak}% %%\def#2##1 {\begingroup\obeylines\spacesplit{#3{##1}}}% %%\parindent=0in %%\advance\leftskip by \defbodyindent \advance \rightskip by \defbodyindent %%\exdentamount=\defbodyindent %%\begingroup\obeylines\parsetpheaderline{#3{#4}}} %%{\obeylines % %% % Parse the type name and any attributes (field names, etc.). %% % #1 is the beginning of the macro call that will produce the output, %% % i.e., \deftpheader{CLASS}; this is passed from \deftpparsebody. %% % #2 is the type name, e.g., `struct termios'. %% % #3 is the (possibly empty) attribute list. %% % %% \gdef\parsetpheaderline#1#2#3^^M{% %% \endgroup % Started in \deftpparsebody. %% % %% % If the attribute list is in fact empty, there will be no space after %% % #2; so we can't put a space in our TeX parameter list. But if it %% % isn't empty, then #3 will begin with an unwanted space. %% \def\theargs{\ignorespaces #3}% %% % %% % Call the macro to produce the output. %% #1{#2}\theargs % %% }% %%} \def\defopvarparsebody #1#2#3#4#5 {\begingroup\inENV % \medbreak % % Define the end token that this defining construct specifies % so that it will exit this group. \def#1{\endgraf\endgroup\medbreak}% \def#2##1 ##2 {\def#4{##1}% \begingroup\obeylines\spacesplit{#3{##2}}}% \parindent=0in \advance\leftskip by \defbodyindent \advance \rightskip by \defbodyindent \exdentamount=\defbodyindent \begingroup\obeylines\spacesplit{#3{#5}}} % Split up #2 at the first space token. % call #1 with two arguments: % the first is all of #2 before the space token, % the second is all of #2 after that space token. % If #2 contains no space token, all of it is passed as the first arg % and the second is passed as empty. {\obeylines \gdef\spacesplit#1#2^^M{\endgroup\spacesplitfoo{#1}#2 \relax\spacesplitfoo}% \long\gdef\spacesplitfoo#1#2 #3#4\spacesplitfoo{% \ifx\relax #3% #1{#2}{}\else #1{#2}{#3#4}\fi}} % So much for the things common to all kinds of definitions. % Define @defun. % First, define the processing that is wanted for arguments of \defun % Use this to expand the args and terminate the paragraph they make up \def\defunargs #1{\functionparens \sl % Expand, preventing hyphenation at `-' chars. % Note that groups don't affect changes in \hyphenchar. \hyphenchar\tensl=0 #1% \hyphenchar\tensl=45 \ifnum\parencount=0 \else \errmessage{unbalanced parens in @def arguments}\fi% \interlinepenalty=10000 \advance\rightskip by 0pt plus 1fil \endgraf\penalty 10000\vskip -\parskip\penalty 10000% } \def\deftypefunargs #1{% % Expand, preventing hyphenation at `-' chars. % Note that groups don't affect changes in \hyphenchar. \functionparens \code{#1}% \interlinepenalty=10000 \advance\rightskip by 0pt plus 1fil \endgraf\penalty 10000\vskip -\parskip\penalty 10000% } % Do complete processing of one @defun or @defunx line already parsed. % @deffn Command forward-char nchars \def\deffn{\defmethparsebody\Edeffn\deffnx\deffnheader} \def\deffnheader #1#2#3{\doind {fn}{\code{#2}}% \begingroup\defname {#2}{#1}\defunargs{#3}\endgroup % \catcode 61=\other % Turn off change made in \defparsebody } % @defun == @deffn Function \def\defun{\defparsebody\Edefun\defunx\defunheader} \def\defunheader #1#2{\doind {fn}{\code{#1}}% Make entry in function index \begingroup\defname {#1}{Function}% \defunargs {#2}\endgroup % \catcode 61=\other % Turn off change made in \defparsebody } % @deftypefun int foobar (int @var{foo}, float @var{bar}) \def\deftypefun{\defparsebody\Edeftypefun\deftypefunx\deftypefunheader} % #1 is the data type. #2 is the name and args. \def\deftypefunheader #1#2{\deftypefunheaderx{#1}#2 \relax} % #1 is the data type, #2 the name, #3 the args. \def\deftypefunheaderx #1#2 #3\relax{% \doind {fn}{\code{#2}}% Make entry in function index \begingroup\defname {\code{#1} #2}{Function}% \deftypefunargs {#3}\endgroup % \catcode 61=\other % Turn off change made in \defparsebody } % @deftypefn {Library Function} int foobar (int @var{foo}, float @var{bar}) \def\deftypefn{\defmethparsebody\Edeftypefn\deftypefnx\deftypefnheader} % #1 is the classification. #2 is the data type. #3 is the name and args. \def\deftypefnheader #1#2#3{\deftypefnheaderx{#1}{#2}#3 \relax} % #1 is the classification, #2 the data type, #3 the name, #4 the args. \def\deftypefnheaderx #1#2#3 #4\relax{% \doind {fn}{\code{#3}}% Make entry in function index \begingroup\defname {\code{#2} #3}{#1}% \deftypefunargs {#4}\endgroup % \catcode 61=\other % Turn off change made in \defparsebody } % @defmac == @deffn Macro \def\defmac{\defparsebody\Edefmac\defmacx\defmacheader} \def\defmacheader #1#2{\doind {fn}{\code{#1}}% Make entry in function index \begingroup\defname {#1}{Macro}% \defunargs {#2}\endgroup % \catcode 61=\other % Turn off change made in \defparsebody } % @defspec == @deffn Special Form \def\defspec{\defparsebody\Edefspec\defspecx\defspecheader} \def\defspecheader #1#2{\doind {fn}{\code{#1}}% Make entry in function index \begingroup\defname {#1}{Special Form}% \defunargs {#2}\endgroup % \catcode 61=\other % Turn off change made in \defparsebody } % This definition is run if you use @defunx % anywhere other than immediately after a @defun or @defunx. \def\deffnx #1 {\errmessage{@deffnx in invalid context}} \def\defunx #1 {\errmessage{@defunx in invalid context}} \def\defmacx #1 {\errmessage{@defmacx in invalid context}} \def\defspecx #1 {\errmessage{@defspecx in invalid context}} \def\deftypefnx #1 {\errmessage{@deftypefnx in invalid context}} \def\deftypeunx #1 {\errmessage{@deftypeunx in invalid context}} % @defmethod, and so on % @defop {Funny Method} foo-class frobnicate argument \def\defop #1 {\def\defoptype{#1}% \defopparsebody\Edefop\defopx\defopheader\defoptype} \def\defopheader #1#2#3{% \dosubind {fn}{\code{#2}}{on #1}% Make entry in function index \begingroup\defname {#2}{\defoptype{} on #1}% \defunargs {#3}\endgroup % } % @defmethod == @defop Method \def\defmethod{\defmethparsebody\Edefmethod\defmethodx\defmethodheader} \def\defmethodheader #1#2#3{% \dosubind {fn}{\code{#2}}{on #1}% entry in function index \begingroup\defname {#2}{Method on #1}% \defunargs {#3}\endgroup % } % @defcv {Class Option} foo-class foo-flag \def\defcv #1 {\def\defcvtype{#1}% \defopvarparsebody\Edefcv\defcvx\defcvarheader\defcvtype} \def\defcvarheader #1#2#3{% \dosubind {vr}{\code{#2}}{of #1}% Make entry in var index \begingroup\defname {#2}{\defcvtype{} of #1}% \defvarargs {#3}\endgroup % } % @defivar == @defcv {Instance Variable} \def\defivar{\defvrparsebody\Edefivar\defivarx\defivarheader} \def\defivarheader #1#2#3{% \dosubind {vr}{\code{#2}}{of #1}% Make entry in var index \begingroup\defname {#2}{Instance Variable of #1}% \defvarargs {#3}\endgroup % } % These definitions are run if you use @defmethodx, etc., % anywhere other than immediately after a @defmethod, etc. \def\defopx #1 {\errmessage{@defopx in invalid context}} \def\defmethodx #1 {\errmessage{@defmethodx in invalid context}} \def\defcvx #1 {\errmessage{@defcvx in invalid context}} \def\defivarx #1 {\errmessage{@defivarx in invalid context}} % Now @defvar % First, define the processing that is wanted for arguments of @defvar. % This is actually simple: just print them in roman. % This must expand the args and terminate the paragraph they make up \def\defvarargs #1{\normalparens #1% \interlinepenalty=10000 \endgraf\penalty 10000\vskip -\parskip\penalty 10000} % @defvr Counter foo-count \def\defvr{\defvrparsebody\Edefvr\defvrx\defvrheader} \def\defvrheader #1#2#3{\doind {vr}{\code{#2}}% \begingroup\defname {#2}{#1}\defvarargs{#3}\endgroup} % @defvar == @defvr Variable \def\defvar{\defvarparsebody\Edefvar\defvarx\defvarheader} \def\defvarheader #1#2{\doind {vr}{\code{#1}}% Make entry in var index \begingroup\defname {#1}{Variable}% \defvarargs {#2}\endgroup % } % @defopt == @defvr {User Option} \def\defopt{\defvarparsebody\Edefopt\defoptx\defoptheader} \def\defoptheader #1#2{\doind {vr}{\code{#1}}% Make entry in var index \begingroup\defname {#1}{User Option}% \defvarargs {#2}\endgroup % } % @deftypevar int foobar \def\deftypevar{\defvarparsebody\Edeftypevar\deftypevarx\deftypevarheader} % #1 is the data type. #2 is the name. \def\deftypevarheader #1#2{% \doind {vr}{\code{#2}}% Make entry in variables index \begingroup\defname {\code{#1} #2}{Variable}% \interlinepenalty=10000 \endgraf\penalty 10000\vskip -\parskip\penalty 10000 \endgroup} % @deftypevr {Global Flag} int enable \def\deftypevr{\defvrparsebody\Edeftypevr\deftypevrx\deftypevrheader} \def\deftypevrheader #1#2#3{\doind {vr}{\code{#3}}% \begingroup\defname {\code{#2} #3}{#1} \interlinepenalty=10000 \endgraf\penalty 10000\vskip -\parskip\penalty 10000 \endgroup} % This definition is run if you use @defvarx % anywhere other than immediately after a @defvar or @defvarx. \def\defvrx #1 {\errmessage{@defvrx in invalid context}} \def\defvarx #1 {\errmessage{@defvarx in invalid context}} \def\defoptx #1 {\errmessage{@defoptx in invalid context}} \def\deftypevarx #1 {\errmessage{@deftypevarx in invalid context}} \def\deftypevrx #1 {\errmessage{@deftypevrx in invalid context}} % Now define @deftp % Args are printed in bold, a slight difference from @defvar. \def\deftpargs #1{\bf \defvarargs{#1}} % @deftp Class window height width ... \def\deftp{\deftpparsebody\Edeftp\deftpx\deftpheader} \def\deftpheader #1#2#3{\doind {tp}{\code{#2}}% \begingroup\defname {#2}{#1}\deftpargs{#3}\endgroup} % This definition is run if you use @deftpx, etc % anywhere other than immediately after a @deftp, etc. \def\deftpx #1 {\errmessage{@deftpx in invalid context}} \message{cross reference,} % Define cross-reference macros \newwrite \auxfile \newif\ifhavexrefs % True if xref values are known. \newif\ifwarnedxrefs % True if we warned once that they aren't known. % \setref{foo} defines a cross-reference point named foo. \def\setref#1{% %\dosetq{#1-title}{Ytitle}% \dosetq{#1-pg}{Ypagenumber}% \dosetq{#1-snt}{Ysectionnumberandtype}} \def\unnumbsetref#1{% %\dosetq{#1-title}{Ytitle}% \dosetq{#1-pg}{Ypagenumber}% \dosetq{#1-snt}{Ynothing}} \def\appendixsetref#1{% %\dosetq{#1-title}{Ytitle}% \dosetq{#1-pg}{Ypagenumber}% \dosetq{#1-snt}{Yappendixletterandtype}} % \xref, \pxref, and \ref generate cross-references to specified points. % For \xrefX, #1 is the node name, #2 the name of the Info % cross-reference, #3 the printed node name, #4 the name of the Info % file, #5 the name of the printed manual. All but the node name can be % omitted. % \def\pxref#1{see \xrefX[#1,,,,,,,]} \def\xref#1{See \xrefX[#1,,,,,,,]} \def\ref#1{\xrefX[#1,,,,,,,]} \def\xrefX[#1,#2,#3,#4,#5,#6]{\begingroup% \def\printedmanual{\ignorespaces #5}% \def\printednodename{\ignorespaces #3}% % \setbox1=\hbox{\printedmanual}% \setbox0=\hbox{\printednodename}% \ifdim \wd0=0pt% \def\printednodename{\ignorespaces #1}% %%% Uncommment the following line to make the actual chapter or section title %%% appear inside the square brackets. %\def\printednodename{#1-title}% \fi% % % % If we use \unhbox0 and \unhbox1 to print the node names, TeX does % not insert empty discretionaries after hyphens, which means that it % will not find a line break at a hyphen in a node names. Since some % manuals are best written with fairly long node names, containing % hyphens, this is a loss. Therefore, we simply give the text of % the node name again, so it is as if TeX is seeing it for the first % time. \ifdim \wd1>0pt section ``\printednodename'' in \cite{\printedmanual}% \else% \turnoffactive% \refx{#1-snt}{} [\printednodename], page\tie\refx{#1-pg}{}% \fi \endgroup} % \dosetq is the interface for calls from other macros % Use \turnoffactive so that punctuation chars such as underscore % work in node names. \def\dosetq #1#2{{\let\folio=0 \turnoffactive% \edef\next{\write\auxfile{\internalsetq {#1}{#2}}}% \next}} % \internalsetq {foo}{page} expands into % CHARACTERS 'xrdef {foo}{...expansion of \Ypage...} % When the aux file is read, ' is the escape character \def\internalsetq #1#2{'xrdef {#1}{\csname #2\endcsname}} % Things to be expanded by \internalsetq \def\Ypagenumber{\folio} \def\Ytitle{\thischapter} \def\Ynothing{} \def\Ysectionnumberandtype{% \ifnum\secno=0 Chapter\xreftie\the\chapno % \else \ifnum \subsecno=0 Section\xreftie\the\chapno.\the\secno % \else \ifnum \subsubsecno=0 % Section\xreftie\the\chapno.\the\secno.\the\subsecno % \else % Section\xreftie\the\chapno.\the\secno.\the\subsecno.\the\subsubsecno % \fi \fi \fi } \def\Yappendixletterandtype{% \ifnum\secno=0 Appendix\xreftie'char\the\appendixno{}% \else \ifnum \subsecno=0 Section\xreftie'char\the\appendixno.\the\secno % \else \ifnum \subsubsecno=0 % Section\xreftie'char\the\appendixno.\the\secno.\the\subsecno % \else % Section\xreftie'char\the\appendixno.\the\secno.\the\subsecno.\the\subsubsecno % \fi \fi \fi } \gdef\xreftie{'tie} % Use TeX 3.0's \inputlineno to get the line number, for better error % messages, but if we're using an old version of TeX, don't do anything. % \ifx\inputlineno\thisisundefined \let\linenumber = \empty % Non-3.0. \else \def\linenumber{\the\inputlineno:\space} \fi % Define \refx{NAME}{SUFFIX} to reference a cross-reference string named NAME. % If its value is nonempty, SUFFIX is output afterward. \def\refx#1#2{% \expandafter\ifx\csname X#1\endcsname\relax % If not defined, say something at least. $\langle$un\-de\-fined$\rangle$% \ifhavexrefs \message{\linenumber Undefined cross reference `#1'.}% \else \ifwarnedxrefs\else \global\warnedxrefstrue \message{Cross reference values unknown; you must run TeX again.}% \fi \fi \else % It's defined, so just use it. \csname X#1\endcsname \fi #2% Output the suffix in any case. } % Read the last existing aux file, if any. No error if none exists. % This is the macro invoked by entries in the aux file. \def\xrdef #1#2{ {\catcode`\'=\other\expandafter \gdef \csname X#1\endcsname {#2}}} \def\readauxfile{% \begingroup \catcode `\^^@=\other \catcode `\=\other \catcode `\=\other \catcode `\^^C=\other \catcode `\^^D=\other \catcode `\^^E=\other \catcode `\^^F=\other \catcode `\^^G=\other \catcode `\^^H=\other \catcode `\ =\other \catcode `\^^L=\other \catcode `\=\other \catcode `\=\other \catcode `\=\other \catcode `\=\other \catcode `\=\other \catcode `\=\other \catcode `\=\other \catcode `\=\other \catcode `\=\other \catcode `\=\other \catcode `\=\other \catcode `\=\other \catcode 26=\other \catcode `\^^[=\other \catcode `\^^\=\other \catcode `\^^]=\other \catcode `\^^^=\other \catcode `\^^_=\other \catcode `\@=\other \catcode `\^=\other \catcode `\~=\other \catcode `\[=\other \catcode `\]=\other \catcode`\"=\other \catcode`\_=\other \catcode`\|=\other \catcode`\<=\other \catcode`\>=\other \catcode `\$=\other \catcode `\#=\other \catcode `\&=\other % `\+ does not work, so use 43. \catcode 43=\other % the aux file uses ' as the escape. % Turn off \ as an escape so we do not lose on % entries which were dumped with control sequences in their names. % For example, 'xrdef {$\leq $-fun}{page ...} made by @defun ^^ % Reference to such entries still does not work the way one would wish, % but at least they do not bomb out when the aux file is read in. \catcode `\{=1 \catcode `\}=2 \catcode `\%=\other \catcode `\'=0 \catcode `\\=\other \openin 1 \jobname.aux \ifeof 1 \else \closein 1 \input \jobname.aux \global\havexrefstrue \global\warnedobstrue \fi % Open the new aux file. Tex will close it automatically at exit. \openout \auxfile=\jobname.aux \endgroup} % Footnotes. \newcount \footnoteno % The trailing space in the following definition for supereject is % vital for proper filling; pages come out unaligned when you do a % pagealignmacro call if that space before the closing brace is % removed. \def\supereject{\par\penalty -20000\footnoteno =0 } % @footnotestyle is meaningful for info output only.. \let\footnotestyle=\comment \let\ptexfootnote=\footnote {\catcode `\@=11 % % Auto-number footnotes. Otherwise like plain. \gdef\footnote{% \global\advance\footnoteno by \@ne \edef\thisfootno{$^{\the\footnoteno}$}% % % In case the footnote comes at the end of a sentence, preserve the % extra spacing after we do the footnote number. \let\@sf\empty \ifhmode\edef\@sf{\spacefactor\the\spacefactor}\/\fi % % Remove inadvertent blank space before typesetting the footnote number. \unskip \thisfootno\@sf \footnotezzz }% % Don't bother with the trickery in plain.tex to not require the % footnote text as a parameter. Our footnotes don't need to be so general. % \long\gdef\footnotezzz#1{\insert\footins{% % We want to typeset this text as a normal paragraph, even if the % footnote reference occurs in (for example) a display environment. % So reset some parameters. \interlinepenalty\interfootnotelinepenalty \splittopskip\ht\strutbox % top baseline for broken footnotes \splitmaxdepth\dp\strutbox \floatingpenalty\@MM \leftskip\z@skip \rightskip\z@skip \spaceskip\z@skip \xspaceskip\z@skip \parindent\defaultparindent % % Hang the footnote text off the number. \hang \textindent{\thisfootno}% % % Don't crash into the line above the footnote text. Since this % expands into a box, it must come within the paragraph, lest it % provide a place where TeX can split the footnote. \footstrut #1\strut}% } }%end \catcode `\@=11 % Set the baselineskip to #1, and the lineskip and strut size % correspondingly. There is no deep meaning behind these magic numbers % used as factors; they just match (closely enough) what Knuth defined. % \def\lineskipfactor{.08333} \def\strutheightpercent{.70833} \def\strutdepthpercent {.29167} % \def\setleading#1{% \normalbaselineskip = #1\relax \normallineskip = \lineskipfactor\normalbaselineskip \normalbaselines \setbox\strutbox =\hbox{% \vrule width0pt height\strutheightpercent\baselineskip depth \strutdepthpercent \baselineskip }% } % @| inserts a changebar to the left of the current line. It should % surround any changed text. This approach does *not* work if the % change spans more than two lines of output. To handle that, we would % have adopt a much more difficult approach (putting marks into the main % vertical list for the beginning and end of each change). % \def\|{% % \vadjust can only be used in horizontal mode. \leavevmode % % Append this vertical mode material after the current line in the output. \vadjust{% % We want to insert a rule with the height and depth of the current % leading; that is exactly what \strutbox is supposed to record. \vskip-\baselineskip % % \vadjust-items are inserted at the left edge of the type. So % the \llap here moves out into the left-hand margin. \llap{% % % For a thicker or thinner bar, change the `1pt'. \vrule height\baselineskip width1pt % % This is the space between the bar and the text. \hskip 12pt }% }% } % For a final copy, take out the rectangles % that mark overfull boxes (in case you have decided % that the text looks ok even though it passes the margin). % \def\finalout{\overfullrule=0pt} % End of control word definitions. \message{and turning on texinfo input format.} \def\openindices{% \newindex{cp}% \newcodeindex{fn}% \newcodeindex{vr}% \newcodeindex{tp}% \newcodeindex{ky}% \newcodeindex{pg}% } % Set some numeric style parameters, for 8.5 x 11 format. %\hsize = 6.5in \newdimen\defaultparindent \defaultparindent = 15pt \parindent = \defaultparindent \parskip 18pt plus 1pt \setleading{15pt} \advance\topskip by 1.2cm % Prevent underfull vbox error messages. \vbadness=10000 % Following George Bush, just get rid of widows and orphans. \widowpenalty=10000 \clubpenalty=10000 % Use TeX 3.0's \emergencystretch to help line breaking, but if we're % using an old version of TeX, don't do anything. We want the amount of % stretch added to depend on the line length, hence the dependence on % \hsize. This makes it come to about 9pt for the 8.5x11 format. % \ifx\emergencystretch\thisisundefined % Allow us to assign to \emergencystretch anyway. \def\emergencystretch{\dimen0}% \else \emergencystretch = \hsize \divide\emergencystretch by 45 \fi % Use @smallbook to reset parameters for 7x9.5 format (or else 7x9.25) \def\smallbook{ % These values for secheadingskip and subsecheadingskip are % experiments. RJC 7 Aug 1992 \global\secheadingskip = 17pt plus 6pt minus 3pt \global\subsecheadingskip = 14pt plus 6pt minus 3pt \global\lispnarrowing = 0.3in \setleading{12pt} \advance\topskip by -1cm \global\parskip 3pt plus 1pt \global\hsize = 5in \global\vsize=7.5in \global\tolerance=700 \global\hfuzz=1pt \global\contentsrightmargin=0pt \global\pagewidth=\hsize \global\pageheight=\vsize \global\let\smalllisp=\smalllispx \global\let\smallexample=\smalllispx \global\def\Esmallexample{\Esmalllisp} } % Use @afourpaper to print on European A4 paper. \def\afourpaper{ \global\tolerance=700 \global\hfuzz=1pt \setleading{12pt} \global\parskip 15pt plus 1pt \global\vsize= 53\baselineskip \advance\vsize by \topskip %\global\hsize= 5.85in % A4 wide 10pt \global\hsize= 6.5in \global\outerhsize=\hsize \global\advance\outerhsize by 0.5in \global\outervsize=\vsize \global\advance\outervsize by 0.6in \global\pagewidth=\hsize \global\pageheight=\vsize } % Define macros to output various characters with catcode for normal text. \catcode`\"=\other \catcode`\~=\other \catcode`\^=\other \catcode`\_=\other \catcode`\|=\other \catcode`\<=\other \catcode`\>=\other \catcode`\+=\other \def\normaldoublequote{"} \def\normaltilde{~} \def\normalcaret{^} \def\normalunderscore{_} \def\normalverticalbar{|} \def\normalless{<} \def\normalgreater{>} \def\normalplus{+} % This macro is used to make a character print one way in ttfont % where it can probably just be output, and another way in other fonts, % where something hairier probably needs to be done. % % #1 is what to print if we are indeed using \tt; #2 is what to print % otherwise. Since all the Computer Modern typewriter fonts have zero % interword stretch (and shrink), and it is reasonable to expect all % typewriter fonts to have this, we can check that font parameter. % \def\ifusingtt#1#2{\ifdim \fontdimen3\the\font=0pt #1\else #2\fi} % Turn off all special characters except @ % (and those which the user can use as if they were ordinary). % Most of these we simply print from the \tt font, but for some, we can % use math or other variants that look better in normal text. \catcode`\"=\active \def\activedoublequote{{\tt \char '042}} \let"=\activedoublequote \catcode`\~=\active \def~{{\tt \char '176}} \chardef\hat=`\^ \catcode`\^=\active \def^{{\tt \hat}} \catcode`\_=\active \def_{\ifusingtt\normalunderscore\_} % Subroutine for the previous macro. \def\_{\lvvmode \kern.06em \vbox{\hrule width.3em height.1ex}} % \lvvmode is equivalent in function to \leavevmode. % Using \leavevmode runs into trouble when written out to % an index file due to the expansion of \leavevmode into ``\unhbox % \voidb@x'' ---which looks to TeX like ``\unhbox \voidb\x'' due to our % magic tricks with @. \def\lvvmode{\vbox to 0pt{}} \catcode`\|=\active \def|{{\tt \char '174}} \chardef \less=`\< \catcode`\<=\active \def<{{\tt \less}} \chardef \gtr=`\> \catcode`\>=\active \def>{{\tt \gtr}} \catcode`\+=\active \def+{{\tt \char 43}} %\catcode 27=\active %\def^^[{$\diamondsuit$} % Used sometimes to turn off (effectively) the active characters % even after parsing them. \def\turnoffactive{\let"=\normaldoublequote \let~=\normaltilde \let^=\normalcaret \let_=\normalunderscore \let|=\normalverticalbar \let<=\normalless \let>=\normalgreater \let+=\normalplus} % Set up an active definition for =, but don't enable it most of the time. {\catcode`\==\active \global\def={{\tt \char 61}}} \catcode`\@=0 % \rawbackslashxx output one backslash character in current font \global\chardef\rawbackslashxx=`\\ %{\catcode`\\=\other %@gdef@rawbackslashxx{\}} % \rawbackslash redefines \ as input to do \rawbackslashxx. {\catcode`\\=\active @gdef@rawbackslash{@let\=@rawbackslashxx }} % \normalbackslash outputs one backslash in fixed width font. \def\normalbackslash{{\tt\rawbackslashxx}} % Say @foo, not \foo, in error messages. \escapechar=`\@ % \catcode 17=0 % Define control-q \catcode`\\=\active % If a .fmt file is being used, we don't want the `\input texinfo' to show up. % That is what \eatinput is for; after that, the `\' should revert to printing % a backslash. % @gdef@eatinput input texinfo{@fixbackslash} @global@let\ = @eatinput % On the other hand, perhaps the file did not have a `\input texinfo'. Then % the first `\{ in the file would cause an error. This macro tries to fix % that, assuming it is called before the first `\' could plausibly occur. % @gdef@fixbackslash{@ifx\@eatinput @let\ = @normalbackslash @fi} %% These look ok in all fonts, so just make them not special. The @rm below %% makes sure that the current font starts out as the newly loaded cmr10 @catcode`@$=@other @catcode`@%=@other @catcode`@&=@other @catcode`@#=@other @textfonts @rm @c Local variables: @c page-delimiter: "^\\\\message" @c End: bash-1.14.3/documentation/features.texi 664 436 0 167725 5620240335 16316 0ustar chetwheel\input texinfo.tex @c -*- texinfo -*- @c %**start of header @setfilename features.info @settitle Bash Features @c %**end of header @ignore last change: Thu Aug 4 15:21:56 EDT 1994 @end ignore @set EDITION 1.14 @set VERSION 1.14 @set UPDATED 4 August 1994 @set UPDATE-MONTH August 1994 @setchapternewpage odd @synindex fn cp @set BashFeatures @ifinfo @format This text is a brief description of the features that are present in the Bash shell. This is Edition @value{EDITION}, last updated @value{UPDATED}, of @cite{The GNU Bash Features Guide}, for @code{Bash}, Version @value{VERSION}. Copyright (C) 1991, 1993 Free Software Foundation, Inc. This file is part of GNU Bash, the Bourne Again SHell. Bash is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 1, or (at your option) any later version. Bash is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details. You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with Bash; see the file COPYING. If not, write to the Free Software Foundation, 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. @end format @end ifinfo @titlepage @sp 10 @title Bash Features @subtitle Overview Documentation for Bash @subtitle Edition @value{EDITION}, for @code{bash} Version @value{VERSION}. @subtitle @value{UPDATE-MONTH} @author Brian Fox, Free Software Foundation @author Chet Ramey, Case Western Reserve University @page @vskip 0pt plus 1filll Copyright @copyright{} 1991, 1993 Free Software Foundation, Inc. @end titlepage @ifinfo @node Top @top Bash Features Bash contains features that appear in other popular shells, and some features that only appear in Bash. Some of the shells that Bash has borrowed concepts from are the Bourne Shell (@file{sh}), the Korn Shell (@file{ksh}), and the C-shell (@file{csh} and its successor, @file{tcsh}). The following menu breaks the features up into categories based upon which one of these other shells inspired the feature. This manual is meant as a brief introduction to features found in Bash. The Bash manual page should be used as the definitive reference on shell behavior. @menu * Bourne Shell Features:: Features originally found in the Bourne shell. * Csh Features:: Features originally found in the Berkeley C-Shell. * Korn Shell Features:: Features originally found in the Korn Shell. * Bash Specific Features:: Features found only in Bash. * Job Control:: A chapter describing what job control is and how bash allows you to use it. * Using History Interactively:: Chapter dealing with history expansion rules. * Command Line Editing:: Chapter describing the command line editing features. * Variable Index:: Quick reference helps you find the variable you want. * Concept Index:: General index for this manual. @end menu @end ifinfo @node Bourne Shell Features @chapter Bourne Shell Style Features Bash is an acronym for Bourne Again SHell. The Bourne shell is the traditional Unix shell originally written by Stephen Bourne. All of the Bourne shell builtin commands are available in Bash, and the rules for evaluation and quoting are taken from the Posix 1003.2 specification for the `standard' Unix shell. This section briefly summarizes things which Bash inherits from the Bourne shell: shell control structures, builtins, variables, and other features. It also lists the significant differences between Bash and the Bourne Shell. @menu * Looping Constructs:: Shell commands for iterative action. * Conditional Constructs:: Shell commands for conditional execution. * Shell Functions:: Grouping commands by name. * Bourne Shell Builtins:: Builtin commands inherited from the Bourne Shell. * Bourne Shell Variables:: Variables which Bash uses in the same way as the Bourne Shell. * Other Bourne Shell Features:: Addtional aspects of Bash which behave in the same way as the Bourne Shell. @end menu @node Looping Constructs @section Looping Constructs Note that wherever you see a @samp{;} in the description of a command's syntax, it may be replaced indiscriminately with one or more newlines. Bash supports the following looping constructs. @ftable @code @item until The syntax of the @code{until} command is: @example until @var{test-commands}; do @var{consequent-commands}; done @end example Execute @var{consequent-commands} as long as the final command in @var{test-commands} has an exit status which is not zero. @item while The syntax of the @code{while} command is: @example while @var{test-commands}; do @var{consequent-commands}; done @end example Execute @var{consequent-commands} as long as the final command in @var{test-commands} has an exit status of zero. @item for The syntax of the for command is: @example for @var{name} [in @var{words} ...]; do @var{commands}; done @end example Execute @var{commands} for each member in @var{words}, with @var{name} bound to the current member. If ``@code{in @var{words}}'' is not present, ``@code{in "$@@"}'' is assumed. @end ftable @node Conditional Constructs @section Conditional Constructs @ftable @code @item if The syntax of the @code{if} command is: @example if @var{test-commands}; then @var{consequent-commands}; [elif @var{more-test-commands}; then @var{more-consequents};] [else @var{alternate-consequents};] fi @end example Execute @var{consequent-commands} only if the final command in @var{test-commands} has an exit status of zero. Otherwise, each @code{elif} list is executed in turn, and if its exit status is zero, the corresponding @var{more-consequents} is executed and the command completes. If ``@code{else @var{alternate-consequents}}'' is present, and the final command in the final @code{if} or @code{elif} clause has a non-zero exit status, then execute @var{alternate-consequents}. @item case The syntax of the @code{case} command is: @example @code{case @var{word} in [@var{pattern} [| @var{pattern}]...) @var{commands} ;;]... esac} @end example Selectively execute @var{commands} based upon @var{word} matching @var{pattern}. The `@code{|}' is used to separate multiple patterns. Here is an example using @code{case} in a script that could be used to describe an interesting feature of an animal: @example echo -n "Enter the name of an animal: " read ANIMAL echo -n "The $ANIMAL has " case $ANIMAL in horse | dog | cat) echo -n "four";; man | kangaroo ) echo -n "two";; *) echo -n "an unknown number of";; esac echo "legs." @end example @end ftable @node Shell Functions @section Shell Functions Shell functions are a way to group commands for later execution using a single name for the group. They are executed just like a "regular" command. Shell functions are executed in the current shell context; no new process is created to interpret them. Functions are declared using this syntax: @example [ @code{function} ] @var{name} () @{ @var{command-list}; @} @end example This defines a function named @var{name}. The @var{body} of the function is the @var{command-list} between @{ and @}. This list is executed whenever @var{name} is specified as the name of a command. The exit status of a function is the exit status of the last command executed in the body. When a function is executed, the arguments to the function become the positional parameters during its execution. The special parameter @code{#} that gives the number of positional parameters is updated to reflect the change. Positional parameter 0 is unchanged. If the builtin command @code{return} is executed in a function, the function completes and execution resumes with the next command after the function call. When a function completes, the values of the positional parameters and the special parameter @code{#} are restored to the values they had prior to function execution. @node Bourne Shell Builtins @section Bourne Shell Builtins The following shell builtin commands are inherited from the Bourne shell. These commands are implemented as specified by the Posix 1003.2 standard. @ftable @code @item : Do nothing beyond expanding any arguments and performing redirections. @item . Read and execute commands from the @var{filename} argument in the current shell context. @item break Exit from a @code{for}, @code{while}, or @code{until} loop. @item cd Change the current working directory. @item continue Resume the next iteration of an enclosing @code{for}, @code{while}, or @code{until} loop. @item echo Print the arguments, separated by spaces, to the standard output. @item eval The arguments are concatenated together into a single command, which is then read and executed. @item exec If a @var{command} argument is supplied, it replaces the shell. If no @var{command} is specified, redirections may be used to affect the current shell environment. @item exit Exit the shell. @item export Mark the arguments as variables to be passed to child processes in the environment. @item getopts Parse options to shell scripts or functions. @item hash Remember the full pathnames of commands specified as arguments, so they need not be searched for on subsequent invocations. @item kill Send a signal to a process. @item pwd Print the current working directory. @item read Read a line from the shell input and use it to set the values of specified variables. @item readonly Mark variables as unchangable. @item return Cause a shell function to exit with a specified value. @item shift Shift positional parameters to the left. @item test @itemx [ Evaluate a conditional expression. @item times Print out the user and system times used by the shell and its children. @item trap Specify commands to be executed when the shell receives signals. @item umask Set the shell process's file creation mask. @item unset Cause shell variables to disappear. @item wait Wait until child processes exit and report their exit status. @end ftable @node Bourne Shell Variables @section Bourne Shell Variables Bash uses certain shell variables in the same way as the Bourne shell. In some cases, Bash assigns a default value to the variable. @vtable @code @item IFS A list of characters that separate fields; used when the shell splits words as part of expansion. @item PATH A colon-separated list of directories in which the shell looks for commands. @item HOME The current user's home directory. @item CDPATH A colon-separated list of directories used as a search path for the @code{cd} command. @item MAILPATH A colon-separated list of files which the shell periodically checks for new mail. You can also specify what message is printed by separating the file name from the message with a @samp{?}. When used in the text of the message, @code{$_} stands for the name of the current mailfile. @item PS1 The primary prompt string. @item PS2 The secondary prompt string. @item OPTIND The index of the last option processed by the @code{getopts} builtin. @item OPTARG The value of the last option argument processed by the @code{getopts} builtin. @end vtable @node Other Bourne Shell Features @section Other Bourne Shell Features @menu * Major Differences from the Bourne Shell:: Major differences between Bash and the Bourne shell. @end menu Bash implements essentially the same grammar, parameter and variable expansion, redirection, and quoting as the Bourne Shell. Bash uses the Posix 1003.2 standard as the specification of how these features are to be implemented. There are some differences between the traditional Bourne shell and the Posix standard; this section quickly details the differences of significance. A number of these differences are explained in greater depth in subsequent sections. @node Major Differences from the Bourne Shell @subsection Major Differences from the Bourne Shell Bash implements the @code{!} keyword to negate the return value of a pipeline. Very useful when an @code{if} statement needs to act only if a test fails. Bash includes brace expansion (@pxref{Brace Expansion}). Bash includes the Posix and @code{ksh}-style pattern removal @code{%%} and @code{##} constructs to remove leading or trailing substrings from variables. The Posix and @code{ksh}-style @code{$()} form of command substitution is implemented, and preferred to the Bourne shell's @code{``} (which is also implemented for backwards compatibility). Variables present in the shell's initial environment are automatically exported to child processes. The Bourne shell does not normally do this unless the variables are explicitly marked using the @code{export} command. The expansion @code{$@{#xx@}}, which returns the length of @code{$xx}, is supported. The @code{IFS} variable is used to split only the results of expansion, not all words. This closes a longstanding shell security hole. It is possible to have a variable and a function with the same name; @code{sh} does not separate the two name spaces. Bash functions are permitted to have local variables, and thus useful recursive functions may be written. The @code{noclobber} option is available to avoid overwriting existing files with output redirection. Bash allows you to write a function to override a builtin, and provides access to that builtin's functionality within the function via the @code{builtin} and @code{command} builtins. The @code{command} builtin allows selective disabling of functions when command lookup is performed. Individual builtins may be enabled or disabled using the @code{enable} builtin. Functions may be exported to children via the environment. The Bash @code{read} builtin will read a line ending in @key{\} with the @code{-r} option, and will use the @code{$REPLY} variable as a default if no arguments are supplied. The @code{return} builtin may be used to abort execution of scripts executed with the @code{.} or @code{source} builtins. The @code{umask} builtin allows symbolic mode arguments similar to those accepted by @code{chmod}. The @code{test} builtin is slightly different, as it implements the Posix 1003.2 algorithm, which specifies the behavior based on the number of arguments. @node Csh Features @chapter C-Shell Style Features The C-Shell (@dfn{@code{csh}}) was created by Bill Joy at UC Berkeley. It is generally considered to have better features for interactive use than the original Bourne shell. Some of the @code{csh} features present in Bash include job control, history expansion, `protected' redirection, and several variables for controlling the interactive behaviour of the shell (e.g. @code{IGNOREEOF}). @xref{Using History Interactively} for details on history expansion. @menu * Tilde Expansion:: Expansion of the ~ character. * Brace Expansion:: Expansion of expressions within braces. * C Shell Builtins:: Builtin commands adopted from the C Shell. * C Shell Variables:: Variables which Bash uses in essentially the same way as the C Shell. @end menu @node Tilde Expansion @section Tilde Expansion Bash has tilde (~) expansion, similar, but not identical, to that of @code{csh}. The following table shows what unquoted words beginning with a tilde expand to. @table @code @item ~ The current value of @code{$HOME}. @item ~/foo @file{$HOME/foo} @item ~fred/foo The subdirectory @code{foo} of the home directory of the user @code{fred}. @item ~+/foo @file{$PWD/foo} @item ~- @file{$OLDPWD/foo} @end table Bash will also tilde expand words following redirection operators and words following @samp{=} in assignment statements. @node Brace Expansion @section Brace Expansion Brace expansion is a mechanism by which arbitrary strings may be generated. This mechanism is similar to @var{pathname expansion} (see the Bash manual page for details), but the file names generated need not exist. Patterns to be brace expanded take the form of an optional @var{preamble}, followed by a series of comma-separated strings between a pair of braces, followed by an optional @var{postamble}. The preamble is prepended to each string contained within the braces, and the postamble is then appended to each resulting string, expanding left to right. Brace expansions may be nested. The results of each expanded string are not sorted; left to right order is preserved. For example, @example a@{d,c,b@}e @end example expands into @var{ade ace abe}. Brace expansion is performed before any other expansions, and any characters special to other expansions are preserved in the result. It is strictly textual. Bash does not apply any syntactic interpretation to the context of the expansion or the text between the braces. A correctly-formed brace expansion must contain unquoted opening and closing braces, and at least one unquoted comma. Any incorrectly formed brace expansion is left unchanged. This construct is typically used as shorthand when the common prefix of the strings to be generated is longer than in the above example: @example mkdir /usr/local/src/bash/@{old,new,dist,bugs@} @end example or @example chown root /usr/@{ucb/@{ex,edit@},lib/@{ex?.?*,how_ex@}@} @end example @node C Shell Builtins @section C Shell Builtins Bash has several builtin commands whose definition is very similar to @code{csh}. @ftable @code @item pushd @example pushd [@var{dir} | @var{+n} | @var{-n}] @end example Save the current directory on a list and then @code{cd} to @var{dir}. With no arguments, exchanges the top two directories. @table @code @item +@var{n} Brings the @var{n}th directory (counting from the left of the list printed by @code{dirs}) to the top of the list by rotating the stack. @item -@var{n} Brings the @var{n}th directory (counting from the right of the list printed by @code{dirs}) to the top of the list by rotating the stack. @item @var{dir} Makes the current working directory be the top of the stack, and then @var{cd}s to @var{dir}. You can see the saved directory list with the @code{dirs} command. @end table @item popd @example popd [+@var{n} | -@var{n}] @end example Pops the directory stack, and @code{cd}s to the new top directory. When no arguments are given, removes the top directory from the stack and @code{cd}s to the new top directory. The elements are numbered from 0 starting at the first directory listed with @code{dirs}; i.e. @code{popd} is equivalent to @code{popd +0}. @table @code @item +@var{n} Removes the @var{n}th directory (counting from the left of the list printed by @code{dirs}), starting with zero. @item -@var{n} Removes the @var{n}th directory (counting from the right of the list printed by @code{dirs}), starting with zero. @end table @item dirs @example dirs [+@var{n} | -@var{n}] [-@var{l}] @end example Display the list of currently remembered directories. Directories find their way onto the list with the @code{pushd} command; you can get back up through the list with the @code{popd} command. @table @code @item +@var{n} Displays the @var{n}th directory (counting from the left of the list printed by @code{dirs} when invoked without options), starting with zero. @item -@var{n} Displays the @var{n}th directory (counting from the right of the list printed by @code{dirs} when invoked without options), starting with zero. @item -@var{l} Produces a longer listing; the default listing format uses a tilde to denote the home directory. @end table @item history @example history [@var{n}] [ [-w -r -a -n] [@var{filename}]] @end example Display the history list with line numbers. Lines prefixed with with a @code{*} have been modified. An argument of @var{n} says to list only the last @var{n} lines. Option @code{-w} means write out the current history to the history file; @code{-r} means to read the current history file and make its contents the history list. An argument of @code{-a} means to append the new history lines (history lines entered since the beginning of the current Bash session) to the history file. Finally, the @code{-n} argument means to read the history lines not already read from the history file into the current history list. These are lines appended to the history file since the beginning of the current Bash session. If @var{filename} is given, then it is used as the history file, else if @code{$HISTFILE} has a value, that is used, otherwise @file{~/.bash_history} is used. @item logout Exit a login shell. @item source A synonym for @code{.} (@pxref{Bourne Shell Builtins}) @end ftable @node C Shell Variables @section C Shell Variables @vtable @code @item IGNOREEOF If this variable is set, it represents the number of consecutive @code{EOF}s Bash will read before exiting. By default, Bash will exit upon reading a single @code{EOF}. @item cdable_vars If this variable is set, Bash treats arguments to the @code{cd} command which are not directories as names of variables whose values are the directories to change to. @end vtable @node Korn Shell Features @chapter Korn Shell Style Features This section describes features primarily inspired by the Korn Shell (@code{ksh}). In some cases, the Posix 1003.2 standard has adopted these commands and variables from the Korn Shell; Bash implements those features using the Posix standard as a guide. @menu * Korn Shell Constructs:: Shell grammar constructs adopted from the Korn Shell * Korn Shell Builtins:: Builtin commands adopted from the Korn Shell. * Korn Shell Variables:: Variables which bash uses in essentially the same way as the Korn Shell. * Aliases:: Substituting one command for another. @end menu @node Korn Shell Constructs @section Korn Shell Constructs Bash includes the Korn Shell @code{select} construct. This construct allows the easy generation of menus. It has almost the same syntax as the @code{for} command. The syntax of the @code{select} command is: @example select @var{name} [in @var{words} ...]; do @var{commands}; done @end example The list of words following @code{in} is expanded, generating a list of items. The set of expanded words is printed on the standard error, each preceded by a number. If the ``@code{in @var{words}}'' is omitted, the positional parameters are printed. The @code{PS3} prompt is then displayed and a line is read from the standard input. If the line consists of the number corresponding to one of the displayed words, then the value of @var{name} is set to that word. If the line is empty, the words and prompt are displayed again. If @code{EOF} is read, the @code{select} command completes. Any other value read causes @var{name} to be set to null. The line read is saved in the variable @code{REPLY}. The @var{commands} are executed after each selection until a @code{break} or @code{return} command is executed, at which point the @code{select} command completes. @node Korn Shell Builtins @section Korn Shell Builtins This section describes Bash builtin commands taken from @code{ksh}. @ftable @code @item fc @example @code{fc [-e @var{ename}] [-nlr] [@var{first}] [@var{last}]} @code{fc -s [@var{pat=rep}] [@var{command}]} @end example Fix Command. In the first form, a range of commands from @var{first} to @var{last} is selected from the history list. Both @var{first} and @var{last} may be specified as a string (to locate the most recent command beginning with that string) or as a number (an index into the history list, where a negative number is used as an offset from the current command number). If @var{last} is not specified it is set to @var{first}. If @var{first} is not specified it is set to the previous command for editing and -16 for listing. If the @code{-l} flag is given, the commands are listed on standard output. The @code{-n} flag suppresses the command numbers when listing. The @code{-r} flag reverses the order of the listing. Otherwise, the editor given by @var{ename} is invoked on a file containing those commands. If @var{ename} is not given, the value of the following variable expansion is used: @code{$@{FCEDIT:-$@{EDITOR:-vi@}@}}. This says to use the value of the @code{FCEDIT} variable if set, or the value of the @code{EDITOR} variable if that is set, or @code{vi} if neither is set. When editing is complete, the edited commands are echoed and executed. In the second form, @var{command} is re-executed after each instance of @var{pat} in the selected command is replaced by @var{rep}. A useful alias to use with the @code{fc} command is @code{r='fc -s'}, so that typing @code{r cc} runs the last command beginning with @code{cc} and typing @code{r} re-executes the last command (@pxref{Aliases}). @item let The @code{let} builtin allows arithmetic to be performed on shell variables. For details, refer to @ref{Arithmetic Builtins}. @item typeset The @code{typeset} command is supplied for compatibility with the Korn shell; however, it has been made obsolete by the @code{declare} command (@pxref{Bash Builtins}). @end ftable @node Korn Shell Variables @section Korn Shell Variables @vtable @code @item REPLY The default variable for the @code{read} builtin. @item RANDOM Each time this parameter is referenced, a random integer is generated. Assigning a value to this variable seeds the random number generator. @item SECONDS This variable expands to the number of seconds since the shell was started. Assignment to this variable resets the count to the value assigned, and the expanded value becomes the value assigned plus the number of seconds since the assignment. @item PS3 The value of this variable is used as the prompt for the @code{select} command. @item PS4 This is the prompt printed before the command line is echoed when the @code{-x} option is set (@pxref{The Set Builtin}). @item PWD The current working directory as set by the @code{cd} builtin. @item OLDPWD The previous working directory as set by the @code{cd} builtin. @item TMOUT If set to a value greater than zero, the value is interpreted as the number of seconds to wait for input after issuing the primary prompt. Bash terminates after that number of seconds if input does not arrive. @end vtable @node Aliases @section Aliases @menu * Alias Builtins:: Builtins commands to maniuplate aliases. @end menu The shell maintains a list of @var{aliases} that may be set and unset with the @code{alias} and @code{unalias} builtin commands. The first word of each command, if unquoted, is checked to see if it has an alias. If so, that word is replaced by the text of the alias. The alias name and the replacement text may contain any valid shell input, including shell metacharacters, with the exception that the alias name may not contain @key{=}. The first word of the replacement text is tested for aliases, but a word that is identical to an alias being expanded is not expanded a second time. This means that one may alias @code{ls} to @code{"ls -F"}, for instance, and Bash does not try to recursively expand the replacement text. If the last character of the alias value is a space or tab character, then the next command word following the alias is also checked for alias expansion. Aliases are created and listed with the @code{alias} command, and removed with the @code{unalias} command. There is no mechanism for using arguments in the replacement text, as in @code{csh}. If arguments are needed, a shell function should be used. Aliases are not expanded when the shell is not interactive. The rules concerning the definition and use of aliases are somewhat confusing. Bash always reads at least one complete line of input before executing any of the commands on that line. Aliases are expanded when a command is read, not when it is executed. Therefore, an alias definition appearing on the same line as another command does not take effect until the next line of input is read. This means that the commands following the alias definition on that line are not affected by the new alias. This behavior is also an issue when functions are executed. Aliases are expanded when the function definition is read, not when the function is executed, because a function definition is itself a compound command. As a consequence, aliases defined in a function are not available until after that function is executed. To be safe, always put alias definitions on a separate line, and do not use @code{alias} in compound commands. Note that for almost every purpose, aliases are superseded by shell functions. @node Alias Builtins @subsection Alias Builtins @ftable @code @item alias @example alias [@var{name}[=@var{value}] ...] @end example Without arguments, print the list of aliases on the standard output. If arguments are supplied, an alias is defined for each @var{name} whose @var{value} is given. If no @var{value} is given, the name and value of the alias is printed. @item unalias @example unalias [-a] [@var{name} ... ] @end example Remove each @var{name} from the list of aliases. If @code{-a} is supplied, all aliases are removed. @end ftable @node Bash Specific Features @chapter Bash Specific Features This section describes the features unique to Bash. @menu * Invoking Bash:: Command line options that you can give to Bash. * Bash Startup Files:: When and how Bash executes scripts. * Is This Shell Interactive?:: Determining the state of a running Bash. * Bash Builtins:: Table of builtins specific to Bash. * The Set Builtin:: This builtin is so overloaded it deserves its own section. * Bash Variables:: List of variables that exist in Bash. * Shell Arithmetic:: Arithmetic on shell variables. * Printing a Prompt:: Controlling the PS1 string. @end menu @node Invoking Bash @section Invoking Bash In addition to the single-character shell command-line options (@pxref{The Set Builtin}), there are several multi-character options that you can use. These options must appear on the command line before the single-character options to be recognized. @table @code @item -norc Don't read the @file{~/.bashrc} initialization file in an interactive shell. This is on by default if the shell is invoked as @code{sh}. @item -rcfile @var{filename} Execute commands from @var{filename} (instead of @file{~/.bashrc}) in an interactive shell. @item -noprofile Don't load the system-wide startup file @file{/etc/profile} or any of the personal initialization files @file{~/.bash_profile}, @file{~/.bash_login}, or @file{~/.profile} when bash is invoked as a login shell. @item -version Display the version number of this shell. @item -login Make this shell act as if it were directly invoked from login. This is equivalent to @samp{exec - bash} but can be issued from another shell, such as @code{csh}. If you wanted to replace your current login shell with a Bash login shell, you would say @samp{exec bash -login}. @item -nobraceexpansion Do not perform curly brace expansion (@pxref{Brace Expansion}). @item -nolineediting Do not use the GNU Readline library (@pxref{Command Line Editing}) to read interactive command lines. @item -posix Change the behavior of Bash where the default operation differs from the Posix 1003.2 standard to match the standard. This is intended to make Bash behave as a strict superset of that standard. @end table There are several single-character options you can give which are not available with the @code{set} builtin. @table @code @item -c @var{string} Read and execute commands from @var{string} after processing the options, then exit. @item -i Force the shell to run interactively. @item -s If this flag is present, or if no arguments remain after option processing, then commands are read from the standard input. This option allows the positional parameters to be set when invoking an interactive shell. @end table An @emph{interactive} shell is one whose input and output are both connected to terminals (as determined by @code{isatty()}), or one started with the @code{-i} option. @node Bash Startup Files @section Bash Startup Files When and how Bash executes startup files. @example For Login shells (subject to the -noprofile option): On logging in: If @file{/etc/profile} exists, then source it. If @file{~/.bash_profile} exists, then source it, else if @file{~/.bash_login} exists, then source it, else if @file{~/.profile} exists, then source it. On logging out: If @file{~/.bash_logout} exists, source it. For non-login interactive shells (subject to the -norc and -rcfile options): On starting up: If @file{~/.bashrc} exists, then source it. For non-interactive shells: On starting up: If the environment variable @code{ENV} is non-null, expand the variable and source the file named by the value. If Bash is not started in Posix mode, it looks for @code{BASH_ENV} before @code{ENV}. @end example So, typically, your @code{~/.bash_profile} contains the line @example @code{if [ -f @code{~/.bashrc} ]; then source @code{~/.bashrc}; fi} @end example @noindent after (or before) any login specific initializations. If Bash is invoked as @code{sh}, it tries to mimic the behavior of @code{sh} as closely as possible. For a login shell, it attempts to source only @file{/etc/profile} and @file{~/.profile}, in that order. The @code{-noprofile} option may still be used to disable this behavior. A shell invoked as @code{sh} does not attempt to source any other startup files. When Bash is started in @var{POSIX} mode, as with the @code{-posix} command line option, it follows the Posix 1003.2 standard for startup files. In this mode, the @code{ENV} variable is expanded and that file sourced; no other startup files are read. @node Is This Shell Interactive? @section Is This Shell Interactive? You may wish to determine within a startup script whether Bash is running interactively or not. To do this, examine the variable @code{$PS1}; it is unset in non-interactive shells, and set in interactive shells. Thus: @example if [ -z "$PS1" ]; then echo This shell is not interactive else echo This shell is interactive fi @end example You can ask an interactive Bash to not run your @file{~/.bashrc} file with the @code{-norc} flag. You can change the name of the @file{~/.bashrc} file to any other file name with @code{-rcfile @var{filename}}. You can ask Bash to not run your @file{~/.bash_profile} file with the @code{-noprofile} flag. @node Bash Builtins @section Bash Builtin Commands This section describes builtin commands which are unique to or have been extended in Bash. @ftable @code @item builtin @example builtin [@var{shell-builtin} [@var{args}]] @end example Run a shell builtin. This is useful when you wish to rename a shell builtin to be a function, but need the functionality of the builtin within the function itself. @item bind @example bind [-m @var{keymap}] [-lvd] [-q @var{name}] bind [-m @var{keymap}] -f @var{filename} bind [-m @var{keymap}] @var{keyseq:function-name} @end example Display current Readline (@pxref{Command Line Editing}) key and function bindings, or bind a key sequence to a Readline function or macro. The binding syntax accepted is identical to that of @file{.inputrc} (@pxref{Readline Init File}), but each binding must be passed as a separate argument: @samp{"\C-x\C-r":re-read-init-file}. Options, if supplied, have the following meanings: @table @code @item -m keymap Use @var{keymap} as the keymap to be affected by the subsequent bindings. Acceptable @var{keymap} names are @code{emacs}, @code{emacs-standard}, @code{emacs-meta}, @code{emacs-ctlx}, @code{vi}, @code{vi-move}, @code{vi-command}, and @code{vi-insert}. @code{vi} is equivalent to @code{vi-command}; @code{emacs} is equivalent to @code{emacs-standard}. @item -l List the names of all readline functions @item -v List current function names and bindings @item -d Dump function names and bindings in such a way that they can be re-read @item -f filename Read key bindings from @var{filename} @item -q Query about which keys invoke the named @var{function} @end table @item command @example command [-pVv] @var{command} [@var{args} ...] @end example Runs @var{command} with @var{arg} ignoring shell functions. If you have a shell function called @code{ls}, and you wish to call the command @code{ls}, you can say @samp{command ls}. The @code{-p} option means to use a default value for @code{$PATH} that is guaranteed to find all of the standard utilities. If either the @code{-V} or @code{-v} option is supplied, a description of @var{command} is printed. The @code{-v} option causes a single word indicating the command or file name used to invoke @var{command} to be printed; the @code{-V} option produces a more verbose description. @item declare @example declare [-frxi] [@var{name}[=@var{value}]] @end example Declare variables and/or give them attributes. If no @var{name}s are given, then display the values of variables instead. @code{-f} means to use function names only. @code{-r} says to make @var{name}s readonly. @code{-x} says to mark @var{name}s for export. @code{-i} says that the variable is to be treated as an integer; arithmetic evaluation (@pxref{Shell Arithmetic}) is performed when the variable is assigned a value. Using @code{+} instead of @code{-} turns off the attribute instead. When used in a function, @code{declare} makes @var{name}s local, as with the @code{local} command. @item enable @example enable [-n] [-a] [@var{name} ...] @end example Enable and disable builtin shell commands. This allows you to use a disk command which has the same name as a shell builtin. If @code{-n} is used, the @var{name}s become disabled. Otherwise @var{name}s are enabled. For example, to use the @code{test} binary found via @code{$PATH} instead of the shell builtin version, type @samp{enable -n test}. The @code{-a} option means to list each builtin with an indication of whether or not it is enabled. @item help @example help [@var{pattern}] @end example Display helpful information about builtin commands. If @var{pattern} is specified, @code{help} gives detailed help on all commands matching @var{pattern}, otherwise a list of the builtins is printed. @item local @example local @var{name}[=@var{value}] @end example For each argument, create a local variable called @var{name}, and give it @var{value}. @code{local} can only be used within a function; it makes the variable @var{name} have a visible scope restricted to that function and its children. @item type @example type [-all] [-type | -path] [@var{name} ...] @end example For each @var{name}, indicate how it would be interpreted if used as a command name. If the @code{-type} flag is used, @code{type} returns a single word which is one of ``alias'', ``function'', ``builtin'', ``file'' or ``keyword'', if @var{name} is an alias, shell function, shell builtin, disk file, or shell reserved word, respectively. If the @code{-path} flag is used, @code{type} either returns the name of the disk file that would be executed, or nothing if @code{-type} would not return ``file''. If the @code{-all} flag is used, returns all of the places that contain an executable named @var{file}. This includes aliases and functions, if and only if the @code{-path} flag is not also used. @code{Type} accepts @code{-a}, @code{-t}, and @code{-p} as equivalent to @code{-all}, @code{-type}, and @code{-path}, respectively. @item ulimit @example ulimit [-acdmstfpnuvSH] [@var{limit}] @end example @code{Ulimit} provides control over the resources available to processes started by the shell, on systems that allow such control. If an option is given, it is interpreted as follows: @table @code @item -S change and report the soft limit associated with a resource (the default if the @code{-H} option is not given). @item -H change and report the hard limit associated with a resource. @item -a all current limits are reported. @item -c the maximum size of core files created. @item -d the maximum size of a process's data segment. @item -m the maximum resident set size. @item -s the maximum stack size. @item -t the maximum amount of cpu time in seconds. @item -f the maximum size of files created by the shell. @item -p the pipe buffer size. @item -n the maximum number of open file descriptors. @item -u the maximum number of processes available to a single user. @item -v the maximum amount of virtual memory available to the process. @end table If @var{limit} is given, it is the new value of the specified resource. Otherwise, the current value of the specified resource is printed. If no option is given, then @samp{-f} is assumed. Values are in 1024-byte increments, except for @samp{-t}, which is in seconds, @samp{-p}, which is in units of 512-byte blocks, and @samp{-n} and @samp{-u}, which are unscaled values. @end ftable @node The Set Builtin @section The Set Builtin This builtin is so overloaded that it deserves its own section. @ftable @code @item set @example set [-abefhkmnptuvxldCHP] [-o @var{option}] [@var{argument} ...] @end example @table @code @item -a Mark variables which are modified or created for export. @item -b Cause the status of terminated background jobs to be reported immediately, rather than before printing the next primary prompt. @item -e Exit immediately if a command exits with a non-zero status. @item -f Disable file name generation (globbing). @item -h Locate and remember (hash) commands as functions are defined, rather than when the function is executed. @item -k All keyword arguments are placed in the environment for a command, not just those that precede the command name. @item -m Job control is enabled (@pxref{Job Control}). @item -n Read commands but do not execute them. @item -o @var{option-name} Set the flag corresponding to @var{option-name}: @table @code @item allexport same as @code{-a}. @item braceexpand the shell will perform brace expansion (@pxref{Brace Expansion}). @item emacs use an emacs-style line editing interface (@pxref{Command Line Editing}). @item errexit same as @code{-e}. @item histexpand same as @code{-H}. @item ignoreeof the shell will not exit upon reading EOF. @item interactive-comments allow a word beginning with a @samp{#} to cause that word and all remaining characters on that line to be ignored in an interactive shell. @item monitor same as @code{-m}. @item noclobber same as @code{-C}. @item noexec same as @code{-n}. @item noglob same as @code{-f}. @item nohash same as @code{-d}. @item notify same as @code{-b}. @item nounset same as @code{-u}. @item physical same as @code{-P}. @item posix change the behavior of Bash where the default operation differs from the Posix 1003.2 standard to match the standard. This is intended to make Bash behave as a strict superset of that standard. @item privileged same as @code{-p}. @item verbose same as @code{-v}. @item vi use a @code{vi}-style line editing interface. @item xtrace same as @code{-x}. @end table @item -p Turn on privileged mode. In this mode, the @code{$ENV} file is not processed, and shell functions are not inherited from the environment. This is enabled automatically on startup if the effective user (group) id is not equal to the real user (group) id. Turning this option off causes the effective user and group ids to be set to the real user and group ids. @item -t Exit after reading and executing one command. @item -u Treat unset variables as an error when substituting. @item -v Print shell input lines as they are read. @item -x Print commands and their arguments as they are executed. @item -l Save and restore the binding of the @var{name} in a @code{for} command. @item -d Disable the hashing of commands that are looked up for execution. Normally, commands are remembered in a hash table, and once found, do not have to be looked up again. @item -C Disallow output redirection to existing files. @item -H Enable ! style history substitution. This flag is on by default. @item -P If set, do not follow symbolic links when performing commands such as @code{cd} which change the current directory. The physical directory is used instead. @item -- If no arguments follow this flag, then the positional parameters are unset. Otherwise, the positional parameters are set to the @var{arguments}, even if some of them begin with a @code{-}. @item - Signal the end of options, cause all remaining @var{arguments} to be assigned to the positional parameters. The @code{-x} and @code{-v} options are turned off. If there are no arguments, the positional parameters remain unchanged. @end table Using @samp{+} rather than @samp{-} causes these flags to be turned off. The flags can also be used upon invocation of the shell. The current set of flags may be found in @code{$-}. The remaining N @var{arguments} are positional parameters and are assigned, in order, to @code{$1}, @code{$2}, .. @code{$N}. If no arguments are given, all shell variables are printed. @end ftable @node Bash Variables @section Bash Variables These variables are set or used by bash, but other shells do not normally treat them specially. @vtable @code @item HISTCONTROL @itemx history_control Set to a value of @samp{ignorespace}, it means don't enter lines which begin with a space or tab into the history list. Set to a value of @samp{ignoredups}, it means don't enter lines which match the last entered line. A value of @samp{ignoreboth} combines the two options. Unset, or set to any other value than those above, means to save all lines on the history list. @item HISTFILE The name of the file to which the command history is saved. @item HISTSIZE If set, this is the maximum number of commands to remember in the history. @item histchars Up to three characters which control history expansion, quick substitution, and tokenization (@pxref{History Interaction}). The first character is the @dfn{history-expansion-char}, that is, the character which signifies the start of a history expansion, normally @samp{!}. The second character is the character which signifies `quick substitution' when seen as the first character on a line, normally @samp{^}. The optional third character is the character which signifies the remainder of the line is a comment, when found as the first character of a word, usually @samp{#}. The history comment character causes history substitution to be skipped for the remaining words on the line. It does not necessarily cause the shell parser to treat the rest of the line as a comment. @item HISTCMD The history number, or index in the history list, of the current command. If @code{HISTCMD} is unset, it loses its special properties, even if it is subsequently reset. @item hostname_completion_file @itemx HOSTFILE Contains the name of a file in the same format as @file{/etc/hosts} that should be read when the shell needs to complete a hostname. You can change the file interactively; the next time you attempt to complete a hostname, Bash will add the contents of the new file to the already existing database. @item MAILCHECK How often (in seconds) that the shell should check for mail in the files specified in @code{MAILPATH}. @item PROMPT_COMMAND If present, this contains a string which is a command to execute before the printing of each primary prompt (@code{$PS1}). @item UID The numeric real user id of the current user. @item EUID The numeric effective user id of the current user. @item HOSTTYPE A string describing the machine Bash is running on. @item OSTYPE A string describing the operating system Bash is running on. @item FIGNORE A colon-separated list of suffixes to ignore when performing filename completion A file name whose suffix matches one of the entries in @code{FIGNORE} is excluded from the list of matched file names. A sample value is @samp{.o:~} @item INPUTRC The name of the Readline startup file, overriding the default of @file{~/.inputrc}. @item BASH_VERSION The version number of the current instance of Bash. @item IGNOREEOF Controls the action of the shell on receipt of an @code{EOF} character as the sole input. If set, then the value of it is the number of consecutive @code{EOF} characters that can be read as the first characters on an input line before the shell will exit. If the variable exists but does not have a numeric value (or has no value) then the default is 10. If the variable does not exist, then @code{EOF} signifies the end of input to the shell. This is only in effect for interactive shells. @item no_exit_on_failed_exec If this variable exists, the shell will not exit in the case that it couldn't execute the file specified in the @code{exec} command. @item nolinks If present, says not to follow symbolic links when doing commands that change the current working directory. By default, bash follows the logical chain of directories when performing commands such as @code{cd} which change the current directory. For example, if @file{/usr/sys} is a link to @file{/usr/local/sys} then: @example $ cd /usr/sys; echo $PWD /usr/sys $ cd ..; pwd /usr @end example @noindent If @code{nolinks} exists, then: @example $ cd /usr/sys; echo $PWD /usr/local/sys $ cd ..; pwd /usr/local @end example See also the description of the @code{-P} option to the @code{set} builtin, @ref{The Set Builtin}. @end vtable @node Shell Arithmetic @section Shell Arithmetic @menu * Arithmetic Evaluation:: How shell arithmetic works. * Arithmetic Expansion:: How to use arithmetic in shell expansions. * Arithmetic Builtins:: Builtin commands that use shell arithmetic. @end menu @node Arithmetic Evaluation @subsection Arithmetic Evaluation The shell allows arithmetic expressions to be evaluated, as one of the shell expansions or by the @code{let} builtin. Evaluation is done in long integers with no check for overflow, though division by 0 is trapped and flagged as an error. The following list of operators is grouped into levels of equal-precedence operators. The levels are listed in order of decreasing precedence. @table @code @item - + unary minus and plus @item ! ~ logical and bitwise negation @item * / % multiplication, division, remainder @item + - addition, subtraction @item << >> left and right bitwise shifts @item <= >= < > comparison @item == != equality and inequality @item & bitwise AND @item ^ bitwise exclusive OR @item | bitwise OR @item && logical AND @item || logical OR @item = *= /= %= += -= <<= >>= &= ^= |= assignment @end table Shell variables are allowed as operands; parameter expansion is performed before the expression is evaluated. The value of a parameter is coerced to a long integer within an expression. A shell variable need not have its integer attribute turned on to be used in an expression. Constants with a leading 0 are interpreted as octal numbers. A leading @code{0x} or @code{0X} denotes hexadecimal. Otherwise, numbers take the form [@var{base#}]n, where @var{base} is a decimal number between 2 and 36 representing the arithmetic base, and @var{n} is a number in that base. If @var{base} is omitted, then base 10 is used. Operators are evaluated in order of precedence. Sub-expressions in parentheses are evaluated first and may override the precedence rules above. @node Arithmetic Expansion @subsection Arithmetic Expansion Arithmetic expansion allows the evaluation of an arithmetic expression and the substitution of the result. There are two formats for arithmetic expansion: @example $[ expression ] $(( expression )) @end example The expression is treated as if it were within double quotes, but a double quote inside the braces or parentheses is not treated specially. All tokens in the expression undergo parameter expansion, command substitution, and quote removal. Arithmetic substitutions may be nested. The evaluation is performed according to the rules listed above. If the expression is invalid, Bash prints a message indicating failure and no substitution occurs. @node Arithmetic Builtins @subsection Arithmetic Builtins @ftable @code @item let @example let @var{expression} [@var{expression}] @end example The @code{let} builtin allows arithmetic to be performed on shell variables. Each @var{expression} is evaluated according to the rules given previously (@pxref{Arithmetic Evaluation}). If the last @var{expression} evaluates to 0, @code{let} returns 1; otherwise 0 is returned. @end ftable @node Printing a Prompt @section Controlling the Prompt The value of the variable @code{$PROMPT_COMMAND} is examined just before Bash prints each primary prompt. If it is set and non-null, then the value is executed just as if you had typed it on the command line. In addition, the following table describes the special characters which can appear in the @code{PS1} variable: @table @code @item \t the time, in HH:MM:SS format. @item \d the date, in "Weekday Month Date" format (e.g. "Tue May 26"). @item \n newline. @item \s the name of the shell, the basename of @code{$0} (the portion following the final slash). @item \w the current working directory. @item \W the basename of @code{$PWD}. @item \u your username. @item \h the hostname. @item \# the command number of this command. @item \! the history number of this command. @item \nnn the character corresponding to the octal number @code{nnn}. @item \$ if the effective uid is 0, @code{#}, otherwise @code{$}. @item \\ a backslash. @item \[ begin a sequence of non-printing characters. This could be used to embed a terminal control sequence into the prompt. @item \] end a sequence of non-printing characters. @end table @node Job Control @chapter Job Control This chapter disusses what job control is, how it works, and how Bash allows you to access its facilities. @menu * Job Control Basics:: How job control works. * Job Control Builtins:: Bash builtin commands used to interact with job control. * Job Control Variables:: Variables Bash uses to customize job control. @end menu @node Job Control Basics @section Job Control Basics Job control refers to the ability to selectively stop (suspend) the execution of processes and continue (resume) their execution at a later point. A user typically employs this facility via an interactive interface supplied jointly by the system's terminal driver and Bash. The shell associates a @var{job} with each pipeline. It keeps a table of currently executing jobs, which may be listed with the @code{jobs} command. When Bash starts a job asynchronously (in the background), it prints a line that looks like: @example [1] 25647 @end example indicating that this job is job number 1 and that the process ID of the last process in the pipeline associated with this job is 25647. All of the processes in a single pipeline are members of the same job. Bash uses the @var{job} abstraction as the basis for job control. To facilitate the implementation of the user interface to job control, the system maintains the notion of a current terminal process group ID. Members of this process group (processes whose process group ID is equal to the current terminal process group ID) receive keyboard-generated signals such as @code{SIGINT}. These processes are said to be in the foreground. Background processes are those whose process group ID differs from the terminal's; such processes are immune to keyboard-generated signals. Only foreground processes are allowed to read from or write to the terminal. Background processes which attempt to read from (write to) the terminal are sent a @code{SIGTTIN} (@code{SIGTTOU}) signal by the terminal driver, which, unless caught, suspends the process. If the operating system on which Bash is running supports job control, Bash allows you to use it. Typing the @var{suspend} character (typically @samp{^Z}, Control-Z) while a process is running causes that process to be stopped and returns you to Bash. Typing the @var{delayed suspend} character (typically @samp{^Y}, Control-Y) causes the process to be stopped when it attempts to read input from the terminal, and control to be returned to Bash. You may then manipulate the state of this job, using the @code{bg} command to continue it in the background, the @code{fg} command to continue it in the foreground, or the @code{kill} command to kill it. A @samp{^Z} takes effect immediately, and has the additional side effect of causing pending output and typeahead to be discarded. There are a number of ways to refer to a job in the shell. The character @samp{%} introduces a job name. Job number @code{n} may be referred to as @samp{%n}. A job may also be referred to using a prefix of the name used to start it, or using a substring that appears in its command line. For example, @samp{%ce} refers to a stopped @code{ce} job. Using @samp{%?ce}, on the other hand, refers to any job containing the string @samp{ce} in its command line. If the prefix or substring matches more than one job, Bash reports an error. The symbols @samp{%%} and @samp{%+} refer to the shell's notion of the current job, which is the last job stopped while it was in the foreground. The previous job may be referenced using @samp{%-}. In output pertaining to jobs (e.g., the output of the @code{jobs} command), the current job is always flagged with a @samp{+}, and the previous job with a @samp{-}. Simply naming a job can be used to bring it into the foreground: @samp{%1} is a synonym for @samp{fg %1} bringing job 1 from the background into the foreground. Similarly, @samp{%1 &} resumes job 1 in the background, equivalent to @samp{bg %1} The shell learns immediately whenever a job changes state. Normally, Bash waits until it is about to print a prompt before reporting changes in a job's status so as to not interrupt any other output. If the the @code{-b} option to the @code{set} builtin is set, Bash reports such changes immediately (@pxref{The Set Builtin}). This feature is also controlled by the variable @code{notify}. If you attempt to exit bash while jobs are stopped, the shell prints a message warning you. You may then use the @code{jobs} command to inspect their status. If you do this, or try to exit again immediately, you are not warned again, and the stopped jobs are terminated. @node Job Control Builtins @section Job Control Builtins @ftable @code @item bg @example bg [@var{jobspec}] @end example Place @var{jobspec} into the background, as if it had been started with @samp{&}. If @var{jobspec} is not supplied, the current job is used. @item fg @example fg [@var{jobspec}] @end example Bring @var{jobspec} into the foreground and make it the current job. If @var{jobspec} is not supplied, the current job is used. @item jobs @example jobs [-lpn] [@var{jobspec}] jobs -x @var{command} [@var{jobspec}] @end example The first form lists the active jobs. The @code{-l} option lists process IDs in addition to the normal information; the @code{-p} option lists only the process ID of the job's process group leader. The @code{-n} option displays only jobs that have changed status since last notfied. If @var{jobspec} is given, output is restricted to information about that job. If @var{jobspec} is not supplied, the status of all jobs is listed. If the @code{-x} option is supplied, @code{jobs} replaces any @var{jobspec} found in @var{command} or @var{arguments} with the corresponding process group ID, and executes @var{command}, passing it @var{argument}s, returning its exit status. @item suspend @example suspend [-f] @end example Suspend the execution of this shell until it receives a @code{SIGCONT} signal. The @code{-f} option means to suspend even if the shell is a login shell. @end ftable When job control is active, the @code{kill} and @code{wait} builtins also accept @var{jobspec} arguments. @node Job Control Variables @section Job Control Variables @vtable @code @item auto_resume This variable controls how the shell interacts with the user and job control. If this variable exists then single word simple commands without redirects are treated as candidates for resumption of an existing job. There is no ambiguity allowed; if you have more than one job beginning with the string that you have typed, then the most recently accessed job will be selected. The name of a stopped job, in this context, is the command line used to start it. If this variable is set to the value @code{exact}, the string supplied must match the name of a stopped job exactly; if set to @code{substring}, the string supplied needs to match a substring of the name of a stopped job. The @code{substring} value provides functionality analogous to the @code{%?} job id (@pxref{Job Control Basics}). If set to any other value, the supplied string must be a prefix of a stopped job's name; this provides functionality analogous to the @code{%} job id. @item notify Setting this variable to a value is equivalent to @samp{set -b}; unsetting it is equivalent to @samp{set +b} (@pxref{The Set Builtin}). @end vtable @set readline-appendix @set history-appendix @cindex History, how to use @include hsuser.texinfo @cindex Readline, how to use @include rluser.texinfo @clear readline-appendix @clear history-appendix @node Variable Index @appendix Variable Index @printindex vr @node Concept Index @appendix Concept Index @printindex cp @contents @bye bash-1.14.3/documentation/features.info 664 436 0 331565 5620241174 16275 0ustar chetwheelThis is Info file features.info, produced by Makeinfo-1.55 from the input file features.texi. This text is a brief description of the features that are present in the Bash shell. This is Edition 1.14, last updated 4 August 1994, of `The GNU Bash Features Guide', for `Bash', Version 1.14. Copyright (C) 1991, 1993 Free Software Foundation, Inc. This file is part of GNU Bash, the Bourne Again SHell. Bash is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 1, or (at your option) any later version. Bash is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details. You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with Bash; see the file COPYING. If not, write to the Free Software Foundation, 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.  File: features.info, Node: Top, Next: Bourne Shell Features, Prev: (DIR), Up: (DIR) Bash Features ************* Bash contains features that appear in other popular shells, and some features that only appear in Bash. Some of the shells that Bash has borrowed concepts from are the Bourne Shell (`sh'), the Korn Shell (`ksh'), and the C-shell (`csh' and its successor, `tcsh'). The following menu breaks the features up into categories based upon which one of these other shells inspired the feature. This manual is meant as a brief introduction to features found in Bash. The Bash manual page should be used as the definitive reference on shell behavior. * Menu: * Bourne Shell Features:: Features originally found in the Bourne shell. * Csh Features:: Features originally found in the Berkeley C-Shell. * Korn Shell Features:: Features originally found in the Korn Shell. * Bash Specific Features:: Features found only in Bash. * Job Control:: A chapter describing what job control is and how bash allows you to use it. * Using History Interactively:: Chapter dealing with history expansion rules. * Command Line Editing:: Chapter describing the command line editing features. * Variable Index:: Quick reference helps you find the variable you want. * Concept Index:: General index for this manual.  File: features.info, Node: Bourne Shell Features, Next: Csh Features, Prev: Top, Up: Top Bourne Shell Style Features *************************** Bash is an acronym for Bourne Again SHell. The Bourne shell is the traditional Unix shell originally written by Stephen Bourne. All of the Bourne shell builtin commands are available in Bash, and the rules for evaluation and quoting are taken from the Posix 1003.2 specification for the `standard' Unix shell. This section briefly summarizes things which Bash inherits from the Bourne shell: shell control structures, builtins, variables, and other features. It also lists the significant differences between Bash and the Bourne Shell. * Menu: * Looping Constructs:: Shell commands for iterative action. * Conditional Constructs:: Shell commands for conditional execution. * Shell Functions:: Grouping commands by name. * Bourne Shell Builtins:: Builtin commands inherited from the Bourne Shell. * Bourne Shell Variables:: Variables which Bash uses in the same way as the Bourne Shell. * Other Bourne Shell Features:: Addtional aspects of Bash which behave in the same way as the Bourne Shell.  File: features.info, Node: Looping Constructs, Next: Conditional Constructs, Up: Bourne Shell Features Looping Constructs ================== Note that wherever you see a `;' in the description of a command's syntax, it may be replaced indiscriminately with one or more newlines. Bash supports the following looping constructs. `until' The syntax of the `until' command is: until TEST-COMMANDS; do CONSEQUENT-COMMANDS; done Execute CONSEQUENT-COMMANDS as long as the final command in TEST-COMMANDS has an exit status which is not zero. `while' The syntax of the `while' command is: while TEST-COMMANDS; do CONSEQUENT-COMMANDS; done Execute CONSEQUENT-COMMANDS as long as the final command in TEST-COMMANDS has an exit status of zero. `for' The syntax of the for command is: for NAME [in WORDS ...]; do COMMANDS; done Execute COMMANDS for each member in WORDS, with NAME bound to the current member. If "`in WORDS'" is not present, "`in "$@"'" is assumed.  File: features.info, Node: Conditional Constructs, Next: Shell Functions, Prev: Looping Constructs, Up: Bourne Shell Features Conditional Constructs ====================== `if' The syntax of the `if' command is: if TEST-COMMANDS; then CONSEQUENT-COMMANDS; [elif MORE-TEST-COMMANDS; then MORE-CONSEQUENTS;] [else ALTERNATE-CONSEQUENTS;] fi Execute CONSEQUENT-COMMANDS only if the final command in TEST-COMMANDS has an exit status of zero. Otherwise, each `elif' list is executed in turn, and if its exit status is zero, the corresponding MORE-CONSEQUENTS is executed and the command completes. If "`else ALTERNATE-CONSEQUENTS'" is present, and the final command in the final `if' or `elif' clause has a non-zero exit status, then execute ALTERNATE-CONSEQUENTS. `case' The syntax of the `case' command is: `case WORD in [PATTERN [| PATTERN]...) COMMANDS ;;]... esac' Selectively execute COMMANDS based upon WORD matching PATTERN. The ``|'' is used to separate multiple patterns. Here is an example using `case' in a script that could be used to describe an interesting feature of an animal: echo -n "Enter the name of an animal: " read ANIMAL echo -n "The $ANIMAL has " case $ANIMAL in horse | dog | cat) echo -n "four";; man | kangaroo ) echo -n "two";; *) echo -n "an unknown number of";; esac echo "legs."  File: features.info, Node: Shell Functions, Next: Bourne Shell Builtins, Prev: Conditional Constructs, Up: Bourne Shell Features Shell Functions =============== Shell functions are a way to group commands for later execution using a single name for the group. They are executed just like a "regular" command. Shell functions are executed in the current shell context; no new process is created to interpret them. Functions are declared using this syntax: [ `function' ] NAME () { COMMAND-LIST; } This defines a function named NAME. The BODY of the function is the COMMAND-LIST between { and }. This list is executed whenever NAME is specified as the name of a command. The exit status of a function is the exit status of the last command executed in the body. When a function is executed, the arguments to the function become the positional parameters during its execution. The special parameter `#' that gives the number of positional parameters is updated to reflect the change. Positional parameter 0 is unchanged. If the builtin command `return' is executed in a function, the function completes and execution resumes with the next command after the function call. When a function completes, the values of the positional parameters and the special parameter `#' are restored to the values they had prior to function execution.  File: features.info, Node: Bourne Shell Builtins, Next: Bourne Shell Variables, Prev: Shell Functions, Up: Bourne Shell Features Bourne Shell Builtins ===================== The following shell builtin commands are inherited from the Bourne shell. These commands are implemented as specified by the Posix 1003.2 standard. `:' Do nothing beyond expanding any arguments and performing redirections. `.' Read and execute commands from the FILENAME argument in the current shell context. `break' Exit from a `for', `while', or `until' loop. `cd' Change the current working directory. `continue' Resume the next iteration of an enclosing `for', `while', or `until' loop. `echo' Print the arguments, separated by spaces, to the standard output. `eval' The arguments are concatenated together into a single command, which is then read and executed. `exec' If a COMMAND argument is supplied, it replaces the shell. If no COMMAND is specified, redirections may be used to affect the current shell environment. `exit' Exit the shell. `export' Mark the arguments as variables to be passed to child processes in the environment. `getopts' Parse options to shell scripts or functions. `hash' Remember the full pathnames of commands specified as arguments, so they need not be searched for on subsequent invocations. `kill' Send a signal to a process. `pwd' Print the current working directory. `read' Read a line from the shell input and use it to set the values of specified variables. `readonly' Mark variables as unchangable. `return' Cause a shell function to exit with a specified value. `shift' Shift positional parameters to the left. `test' `[' Evaluate a conditional expression. `times' Print out the user and system times used by the shell and its children. `trap' Specify commands to be executed when the shell receives signals. `umask' Set the shell process's file creation mask. `unset' Cause shell variables to disappear. `wait' Wait until child processes exit and report their exit status.  File: features.info, Node: Bourne Shell Variables, Next: Other Bourne Shell Features, Prev: Bourne Shell Builtins, Up: Bourne Shell Features Bourne Shell Variables ====================== Bash uses certain shell variables in the same way as the Bourne shell. In some cases, Bash assigns a default value to the variable. `IFS' A list of characters that separate fields; used when the shell splits words as part of expansion. `PATH' A colon-separated list of directories in which the shell looks for commands. `HOME' The current user's home directory. `CDPATH' A colon-separated list of directories used as a search path for the `cd' command. `MAILPATH' A colon-separated list of files which the shell periodically checks for new mail. You can also specify what message is printed by separating the file name from the message with a `?'. When used in the text of the message, `$_' stands for the name of the current mailfile. `PS1' The primary prompt string. `PS2' The secondary prompt string. `OPTIND' The index of the last option processed by the `getopts' builtin. `OPTARG' The value of the last option argument processed by the `getopts' builtin.  File: features.info, Node: Other Bourne Shell Features, Prev: Bourne Shell Variables, Up: Bourne Shell Features Other Bourne Shell Features =========================== * Menu: * Major Differences from the Bourne Shell:: Major differences between Bash and the Bourne shell. Bash implements essentially the same grammar, parameter and variable expansion, redirection, and quoting as the Bourne Shell. Bash uses the Posix 1003.2 standard as the specification of how these features are to be implemented. There are some differences between the traditional Bourne shell and the Posix standard; this section quickly details the differences of significance. A number of these differences are explained in greater depth in subsequent sections.  File: features.info, Node: Major Differences from the Bourne Shell, Up: Other Bourne Shell Features Major Differences from the Bourne Shell --------------------------------------- Bash implements the `!' keyword to negate the return value of a pipeline. Very useful when an `if' statement needs to act only if a test fails. Bash includes brace expansion (*note Brace Expansion::.). Bash includes the Posix and `ksh'-style pattern removal `%%' and `##' constructs to remove leading or trailing substrings from variables. The Posix and `ksh'-style `$()' form of command substitution is implemented, and preferred to the Bourne shell's ```' (which is also implemented for backwards compatibility). Variables present in the shell's initial environment are automatically exported to child processes. The Bourne shell does not normally do this unless the variables are explicitly marked using the `export' command. The expansion `${#xx}', which returns the length of `$xx', is supported. The `IFS' variable is used to split only the results of expansion, not all words. This closes a longstanding shell security hole. It is possible to have a variable and a function with the same name; `sh' does not separate the two name spaces. Bash functions are permitted to have local variables, and thus useful recursive functions may be written. The `noclobber' option is available to avoid overwriting existing files with output redirection. Bash allows you to write a function to override a builtin, and provides access to that builtin's functionality within the function via the `builtin' and `command' builtins. The `command' builtin allows selective disabling of functions when command lookup is performed. Individual builtins may be enabled or disabled using the `enable' builtin. Functions may be exported to children via the environment. The Bash `read' builtin will read a line ending in \ with the `-r' option, and will use the `$REPLY' variable as a default if no arguments are supplied. The `return' builtin may be used to abort execution of scripts executed with the `.' or `source' builtins. The `umask' builtin allows symbolic mode arguments similar to those accepted by `chmod'. The `test' builtin is slightly different, as it implements the Posix 1003.2 algorithm, which specifies the behavior based on the number of arguments.  File: features.info, Node: Csh Features, Next: Korn Shell Features, Prev: Bourne Shell Features, Up: Top C-Shell Style Features ********************** The C-Shell ("`csh'") was created by Bill Joy at UC Berkeley. It is generally considered to have better features for interactive use than the original Bourne shell. Some of the `csh' features present in Bash include job control, history expansion, `protected' redirection, and several variables for controlling the interactive behaviour of the shell (e.g. `IGNOREEOF'). *Note Using History Interactively:: for details on history expansion. * Menu: * Tilde Expansion:: Expansion of the ~ character. * Brace Expansion:: Expansion of expressions within braces. * C Shell Builtins:: Builtin commands adopted from the C Shell. * C Shell Variables:: Variables which Bash uses in essentially the same way as the C Shell.  File: features.info, Node: Tilde Expansion, Next: Brace Expansion, Up: Csh Features Tilde Expansion =============== Bash has tilde (~) expansion, similar, but not identical, to that of `csh'. The following table shows what unquoted words beginning with a tilde expand to. `~' The current value of `$HOME'. `~/foo' `$HOME/foo' `~fred/foo' The subdirectory `foo' of the home directory of the user `fred'. `~+/foo' `$PWD/foo' `~-' `$OLDPWD/foo' Bash will also tilde expand words following redirection operators and words following `=' in assignment statements.  File: features.info, Node: Brace Expansion, Next: C Shell Builtins, Prev: Tilde Expansion, Up: Csh Features Brace Expansion =============== Brace expansion is a mechanism by which arbitrary strings may be generated. This mechanism is similar to PATHNAME EXPANSION (see the Bash manual page for details), but the file names generated need not exist. Patterns to be brace expanded take the form of an optional PREAMBLE, followed by a series of comma-separated strings between a pair of braces, followed by an optional POSTAMBLE. The preamble is prepended to each string contained within the braces, and the postamble is then appended to each resulting string, expanding left to right. Brace expansions may be nested. The results of each expanded string are not sorted; left to right order is preserved. For example, a{d,c,b}e expands into ADE ACE ABE. Brace expansion is performed before any other expansions, and any characters special to other expansions are preserved in the result. It is strictly textual. Bash does not apply any syntactic interpretation to the context of the expansion or the text between the braces. A correctly-formed brace expansion must contain unquoted opening and closing braces, and at least one unquoted comma. Any incorrectly formed brace expansion is left unchanged. This construct is typically used as shorthand when the common prefix of the strings to be generated is longer than in the above example: mkdir /usr/local/src/bash/{old,new,dist,bugs} or chown root /usr/{ucb/{ex,edit},lib/{ex?.?*,how_ex}}  File: features.info, Node: C Shell Builtins, Next: C Shell Variables, Prev: Brace Expansion, Up: Csh Features C Shell Builtins ================ Bash has several builtin commands whose definition is very similar to `csh'. `pushd' pushd [DIR | +N | -N] Save the current directory on a list and then `cd' to DIR. With no arguments, exchanges the top two directories. `+N' Brings the Nth directory (counting from the left of the list printed by `dirs') to the top of the list by rotating the stack. `-N' Brings the Nth directory (counting from the right of the list printed by `dirs') to the top of the list by rotating the stack. `DIR' Makes the current working directory be the top of the stack, and then CDs to DIR. You can see the saved directory list with the `dirs' command. `popd' popd [+N | -N] Pops the directory stack, and `cd's to the new top directory. When no arguments are given, removes the top directory from the stack and `cd's to the new top directory. The elements are numbered from 0 starting at the first directory listed with `dirs'; i.e. `popd' is equivalent to `popd +0'. `+N' Removes the Nth directory (counting from the left of the list printed by `dirs'), starting with zero. `-N' Removes the Nth directory (counting from the right of the list printed by `dirs'), starting with zero. `dirs' dirs [+N | -N] [-L] Display the list of currently remembered directories. Directories find their way onto the list with the `pushd' command; you can get back up through the list with the `popd' command. `+N' Displays the Nth directory (counting from the left of the list printed by `dirs' when invoked without options), starting with zero. `-N' Displays the Nth directory (counting from the right of the list printed by `dirs' when invoked without options), starting with zero. `-L' Produces a longer listing; the default listing format uses a tilde to denote the home directory. `history' history [N] [ [-w -r -a -n] [FILENAME]] Display the history list with line numbers. Lines prefixed with with a `*' have been modified. An argument of N says to list only the last N lines. Option `-w' means write out the current history to the history file; `-r' means to read the current history file and make its contents the history list. An argument of `-a' means to append the new history lines (history lines entered since the beginning of the current Bash session) to the history file. Finally, the `-n' argument means to read the history lines not already read from the history file into the current history list. These are lines appended to the history file since the beginning of the current Bash session. If FILENAME is given, then it is used as the history file, else if `$HISTFILE' has a value, that is used, otherwise `~/.bash_history' is used. `logout' Exit a login shell. `source' A synonym for `.' (*note Bourne Shell Builtins::.)  File: features.info, Node: C Shell Variables, Prev: C Shell Builtins, Up: Csh Features C Shell Variables ================= `IGNOREEOF' If this variable is set, it represents the number of consecutive `EOF's Bash will read before exiting. By default, Bash will exit upon reading a single `EOF'. `cdable_vars' If this variable is set, Bash treats arguments to the `cd' command which are not directories as names of variables whose values are the directories to change to.  File: features.info, Node: Korn Shell Features, Next: Bash Specific Features, Prev: Csh Features, Up: Top Korn Shell Style Features ************************* This section describes features primarily inspired by the Korn Shell (`ksh'). In some cases, the Posix 1003.2 standard has adopted these commands and variables from the Korn Shell; Bash implements those features using the Posix standard as a guide. * Menu: * Korn Shell Constructs:: Shell grammar constructs adopted from the Korn Shell * Korn Shell Builtins:: Builtin commands adopted from the Korn Shell. * Korn Shell Variables:: Variables which bash uses in essentially the same way as the Korn Shell. * Aliases:: Substituting one command for another.  File: features.info, Node: Korn Shell Constructs, Next: Korn Shell Builtins, Up: Korn Shell Features Korn Shell Constructs ===================== Bash includes the Korn Shell `select' construct. This construct allows the easy generation of menus. It has almost the same syntax as the `for' command. The syntax of the `select' command is: select NAME [in WORDS ...]; do COMMANDS; done The list of words following `in' is expanded, generating a list of items. The set of expanded words is printed on the standard error, each preceded by a number. If the "`in WORDS'" is omitted, the positional parameters are printed. The `PS3' prompt is then displayed and a line is read from the standard input. If the line consists of the number corresponding to one of the displayed words, then the value of NAME is set to that word. If the line is empty, the words and prompt are displayed again. If `EOF' is read, the `select' command completes. Any other value read causes NAME to be set to null. The line read is saved in the variable `REPLY'. The COMMANDS are executed after each selection until a `break' or `return' command is executed, at which point the `select' command completes.  File: features.info, Node: Korn Shell Builtins, Next: Korn Shell Variables, Prev: Korn Shell Constructs, Up: Korn Shell Features Korn Shell Builtins =================== This section describes Bash builtin commands taken from `ksh'. `fc' `fc [-e ENAME] [-nlr] [FIRST] [LAST]' `fc -s [PAT=REP] [COMMAND]' Fix Command. In the first form, a range of commands from FIRST to LAST is selected from the history list. Both FIRST and LAST may be specified as a string (to locate the most recent command beginning with that string) or as a number (an index into the history list, where a negative number is used as an offset from the current command number). If LAST is not specified it is set to FIRST. If FIRST is not specified it is set to the previous command for editing and -16 for listing. If the `-l' flag is given, the commands are listed on standard output. The `-n' flag suppresses the command numbers when listing. The `-r' flag reverses the order of the listing. Otherwise, the editor given by ENAME is invoked on a file containing those commands. If ENAME is not given, the value of the following variable expansion is used: `${FCEDIT:-${EDITOR:-vi}}'. This says to use the value of the `FCEDIT' variable if set, or the value of the `EDITOR' variable if that is set, or `vi' if neither is set. When editing is complete, the edited commands are echoed and executed. In the second form, COMMAND is re-executed after each instance of PAT in the selected command is replaced by REP. A useful alias to use with the `fc' command is `r='fc -s'', so that typing `r cc' runs the last command beginning with `cc' and typing `r' re-executes the last command (*note Aliases::.). `let' The `let' builtin allows arithmetic to be performed on shell variables. For details, refer to *Note Arithmetic Builtins::. `typeset' The `typeset' command is supplied for compatibility with the Korn shell; however, it has been made obsolete by the `declare' command (*note Bash Builtins::.).  File: features.info, Node: Korn Shell Variables, Next: Aliases, Prev: Korn Shell Builtins, Up: Korn Shell Features Korn Shell Variables ==================== `REPLY' The default variable for the `read' builtin. `RANDOM' Each time this parameter is referenced, a random integer is generated. Assigning a value to this variable seeds the random number generator. `SECONDS' This variable expands to the number of seconds since the shell was started. Assignment to this variable resets the count to the value assigned, and the expanded value becomes the value assigned plus the number of seconds since the assignment. `PS3' The value of this variable is used as the prompt for the `select' command. `PS4' This is the prompt printed before the command line is echoed when the `-x' option is set (*note The Set Builtin::.). `PWD' The current working directory as set by the `cd' builtin. `OLDPWD' The previous working directory as set by the `cd' builtin. `TMOUT' If set to a value greater than zero, the value is interpreted as the number of seconds to wait for input after issuing the primary prompt. Bash terminates after that number of seconds if input does not arrive.  File: features.info, Node: Aliases, Prev: Korn Shell Variables, Up: Korn Shell Features Aliases ======= * Menu: * Alias Builtins:: Builtins commands to maniuplate aliases. The shell maintains a list of ALIASES that may be set and unset with the `alias' and `unalias' builtin commands. The first word of each command, if unquoted, is checked to see if it has an alias. If so, that word is replaced by the text of the alias. The alias name and the replacement text may contain any valid shell input, including shell metacharacters, with the exception that the alias name may not contain =. The first word of the replacement text is tested for aliases, but a word that is identical to an alias being expanded is not expanded a second time. This means that one may alias `ls' to `"ls -F"', for instance, and Bash does not try to recursively expand the replacement text. If the last character of the alias value is a space or tab character, then the next command word following the alias is also checked for alias expansion. Aliases are created and listed with the `alias' command, and removed with the `unalias' command. There is no mechanism for using arguments in the replacement text, as in `csh'. If arguments are needed, a shell function should be used. Aliases are not expanded when the shell is not interactive. The rules concerning the definition and use of aliases are somewhat confusing. Bash always reads at least one complete line of input before executing any of the commands on that line. Aliases are expanded when a command is read, not when it is executed. Therefore, an alias definition appearing on the same line as another command does not take effect until the next line of input is read. This means that the commands following the alias definition on that line are not affected by the new alias. This behavior is also an issue when functions are executed. Aliases are expanded when the function definition is read, not when the function is executed, because a function definition is itself a compound command. As a consequence, aliases defined in a function are not available until after that function is executed. To be safe, always put alias definitions on a separate line, and do not use `alias' in compound commands. Note that for almost every purpose, aliases are superseded by shell functions.  File: features.info, Node: Alias Builtins, Up: Aliases Alias Builtins -------------- `alias' alias [NAME[=VALUE] ...] Without arguments, print the list of aliases on the standard output. If arguments are supplied, an alias is defined for each NAME whose VALUE is given. If no VALUE is given, the name and value of the alias is printed. `unalias' unalias [-a] [NAME ... ] Remove each NAME from the list of aliases. If `-a' is supplied, all aliases are removed.  File: features.info, Node: Bash Specific Features, Next: Job Control, Prev: Korn Shell Features, Up: Top Bash Specific Features ********************** This section describes the features unique to Bash. * Menu: * Invoking Bash:: Command line options that you can give to Bash. * Bash Startup Files:: When and how Bash executes scripts. * Is This Shell Interactive?:: Determining the state of a running Bash. * Bash Builtins:: Table of builtins specific to Bash. * The Set Builtin:: This builtin is so overloaded it deserves its own section. * Bash Variables:: List of variables that exist in Bash. * Shell Arithmetic:: Arithmetic on shell variables. * Printing a Prompt:: Controlling the PS1 string.  File: features.info, Node: Invoking Bash, Next: Bash Startup Files, Up: Bash Specific Features Invoking Bash ============= In addition to the single-character shell command-line options (*note The Set Builtin::.), there are several multi-character options that you can use. These options must appear on the command line before the single-character options to be recognized. `-norc' Don't read the `~/.bashrc' initialization file in an interactive shell. This is on by default if the shell is invoked as `sh'. `-rcfile FILENAME' Execute commands from FILENAME (instead of `~/.bashrc') in an interactive shell. `-noprofile' Don't load the system-wide startup file `/etc/profile' or any of the personal initialization files `~/.bash_profile', `~/.bash_login', or `~/.profile' when bash is invoked as a login shell. `-version' Display the version number of this shell. `-login' Make this shell act as if it were directly invoked from login. This is equivalent to `exec - bash' but can be issued from another shell, such as `csh'. If you wanted to replace your current login shell with a Bash login shell, you would say `exec bash -login'. `-nobraceexpansion' Do not perform curly brace expansion (*note Brace Expansion::.). `-nolineediting' Do not use the GNU Readline library (*note Command Line Editing::.) to read interactive command lines. `-posix' Change the behavior of Bash where the default operation differs from the Posix 1003.2 standard to match the standard. This is intended to make Bash behave as a strict superset of that standard. There are several single-character options you can give which are not available with the `set' builtin. `-c STRING' Read and execute commands from STRING after processing the options, then exit. `-i' Force the shell to run interactively. `-s' If this flag is present, or if no arguments remain after option processing, then commands are read from the standard input. This option allows the positional parameters to be set when invoking an interactive shell. An *interactive* shell is one whose input and output are both connected to terminals (as determined by `isatty()'), or one started with the `-i' option.  File: features.info, Node: Bash Startup Files, Next: Is This Shell Interactive?, Prev: Invoking Bash, Up: Bash Specific Features Bash Startup Files ================== When and how Bash executes startup files. For Login shells (subject to the -noprofile option): On logging in: If `/etc/profile' exists, then source it. If `~/.bash_profile' exists, then source it, else if `~/.bash_login' exists, then source it, else if `~/.profile' exists, then source it. On logging out: If `~/.bash_logout' exists, source it. For non-login interactive shells (subject to the -norc and -rcfile options): On starting up: If `~/.bashrc' exists, then source it. For non-interactive shells: On starting up: If the environment variable `ENV' is non-null, expand the variable and source the file named by the value. If Bash is not started in Posix mode, it looks for `BASH_ENV' before `ENV'. So, typically, your `~/.bash_profile' contains the line `if [ -f `~/.bashrc' ]; then source `~/.bashrc'; fi' after (or before) any login specific initializations. If Bash is invoked as `sh', it tries to mimic the behavior of `sh' as closely as possible. For a login shell, it attempts to source only `/etc/profile' and `~/.profile', in that order. The `-noprofile' option may still be used to disable this behavior. A shell invoked as `sh' does not attempt to source any other startup files. When Bash is started in POSIX mode, as with the `-posix' command line option, it follows the Posix 1003.2 standard for startup files. In this mode, the `ENV' variable is expanded and that file sourced; no other startup files are read.  File: features.info, Node: Is This Shell Interactive?, Next: Bash Builtins, Prev: Bash Startup Files, Up: Bash Specific Features Is This Shell Interactive? ========================== You may wish to determine within a startup script whether Bash is running interactively or not. To do this, examine the variable `$PS1'; it is unset in non-interactive shells, and set in interactive shells. Thus: if [ -z "$PS1" ]; then echo This shell is not interactive else echo This shell is interactive fi You can ask an interactive Bash to not run your `~/.bashrc' file with the `-norc' flag. You can change the name of the `~/.bashrc' file to any other file name with `-rcfile FILENAME'. You can ask Bash to not run your `~/.bash_profile' file with the `-noprofile' flag.  File: features.info, Node: Bash Builtins, Next: The Set Builtin, Prev: Is This Shell Interactive?, Up: Bash Specific Features Bash Builtin Commands ===================== This section describes builtin commands which are unique to or have been extended in Bash. `builtin' builtin [SHELL-BUILTIN [ARGS]] Run a shell builtin. This is useful when you wish to rename a shell builtin to be a function, but need the functionality of the builtin within the function itself. `bind' bind [-m KEYMAP] [-lvd] [-q NAME] bind [-m KEYMAP] -f FILENAME bind [-m KEYMAP] KEYSEQ:FUNCTION-NAME Display current Readline (*note Command Line Editing::.) key and function bindings, or bind a key sequence to a Readline function or macro. The binding syntax accepted is identical to that of `.inputrc' (*note Readline Init File::.), but each binding must be passed as a separate argument: `"\C-x\C-r":re-read-init-file'. Options, if supplied, have the following meanings: `-m keymap' Use KEYMAP as the keymap to be affected by the subsequent bindings. Acceptable KEYMAP names are `emacs', `emacs-standard', `emacs-meta', `emacs-ctlx', `vi', `vi-move', `vi-command', and `vi-insert'. `vi' is equivalent to `vi-command'; `emacs' is equivalent to `emacs-standard'. `-l' List the names of all readline functions `-v' List current function names and bindings `-d' Dump function names and bindings in such a way that they can be re-read `-f filename' Read key bindings from FILENAME `-q' Query about which keys invoke the named FUNCTION `command' command [-pVv] COMMAND [ARGS ...] Runs COMMAND with ARG ignoring shell functions. If you have a shell function called `ls', and you wish to call the command `ls', you can say `command ls'. The `-p' option means to use a default value for `$PATH' that is guaranteed to find all of the standard utilities. If either the `-V' or `-v' option is supplied, a description of COMMAND is printed. The `-v' option causes a single word indicating the command or file name used to invoke COMMAND to be printed; the `-V' option produces a more verbose description. `declare' declare [-frxi] [NAME[=VALUE]] Declare variables and/or give them attributes. If no NAMEs are given, then display the values of variables instead. `-f' means to use function names only. `-r' says to make NAMEs readonly. `-x' says to mark NAMEs for export. `-i' says that the variable is to be treated as an integer; arithmetic evaluation (*note Shell Arithmetic::.) is performed when the variable is assigned a value. Using `+' instead of `-' turns off the attribute instead. When used in a function, `declare' makes NAMEs local, as with the `local' command. `enable' enable [-n] [-a] [NAME ...] Enable and disable builtin shell commands. This allows you to use a disk command which has the same name as a shell builtin. If `-n' is used, the NAMEs become disabled. Otherwise NAMEs are enabled. For example, to use the `test' binary found via `$PATH' instead of the shell builtin version, type `enable -n test'. The `-a' option means to list each builtin with an indication of whether or not it is enabled. `help' help [PATTERN] Display helpful information about builtin commands. If PATTERN is specified, `help' gives detailed help on all commands matching PATTERN, otherwise a list of the builtins is printed. `local' local NAME[=VALUE] For each argument, create a local variable called NAME, and give it VALUE. `local' can only be used within a function; it makes the variable NAME have a visible scope restricted to that function and its children. `type' type [-all] [-type | -path] [NAME ...] For each NAME, indicate how it would be interpreted if used as a command name. If the `-type' flag is used, `type' returns a single word which is one of "alias", "function", "builtin", "file" or "keyword", if NAME is an alias, shell function, shell builtin, disk file, or shell reserved word, respectively. If the `-path' flag is used, `type' either returns the name of the disk file that would be executed, or nothing if `-type' would not return "file". If the `-all' flag is used, returns all of the places that contain an executable named FILE. This includes aliases and functions, if and only if the `-path' flag is not also used. `Type' accepts `-a', `-t', and `-p' as equivalent to `-all', `-type', and `-path', respectively. `ulimit' ulimit [-acdmstfpnuvSH] [LIMIT] `Ulimit' provides control over the resources available to processes started by the shell, on systems that allow such control. If an option is given, it is interpreted as follows: `-S' change and report the soft limit associated with a resource (the default if the `-H' option is not given). `-H' change and report the hard limit associated with a resource. `-a' all current limits are reported. `-c' the maximum size of core files created. `-d' the maximum size of a process's data segment. `-m' the maximum resident set size. `-s' the maximum stack size. `-t' the maximum amount of cpu time in seconds. `-f' the maximum size of files created by the shell. `-p' the pipe buffer size. `-n' the maximum number of open file descriptors. `-u' the maximum number of processes available to a single user. `-v' the maximum amount of virtual memory available to the process. If LIMIT is given, it is the new value of the specified resource. Otherwise, the current value of the specified resource is printed. If no option is given, then `-f' is assumed. Values are in 1024-byte increments, except for `-t', which is in seconds, `-p', which is in units of 512-byte blocks, and `-n' and `-u', which are unscaled values.  File: features.info, Node: The Set Builtin, Next: Bash Variables, Prev: Bash Builtins, Up: Bash Specific Features The Set Builtin =============== This builtin is so overloaded that it deserves its own section. `set' set [-abefhkmnptuvxldCHP] [-o OPTION] [ARGUMENT ...] `-a' Mark variables which are modified or created for export. `-b' Cause the status of terminated background jobs to be reported immediately, rather than before printing the next primary prompt. `-e' Exit immediately if a command exits with a non-zero status. `-f' Disable file name generation (globbing). `-h' Locate and remember (hash) commands as functions are defined, rather than when the function is executed. `-k' All keyword arguments are placed in the environment for a command, not just those that precede the command name. `-m' Job control is enabled (*note Job Control::.). `-n' Read commands but do not execute them. `-o OPTION-NAME' Set the flag corresponding to OPTION-NAME: `allexport' same as `-a'. `braceexpand' the shell will perform brace expansion (*note Brace Expansion::.). `emacs' use an emacs-style line editing interface (*note Command Line Editing::.). `errexit' same as `-e'. `histexpand' same as `-H'. `ignoreeof' the shell will not exit upon reading EOF. `interactive-comments' allow a word beginning with a `#' to cause that word and all remaining characters on that line to be ignored in an interactive shell. `monitor' same as `-m'. `noclobber' same as `-C'. `noexec' same as `-n'. `noglob' same as `-f'. `nohash' same as `-d'. `notify' same as `-b'. `nounset' same as `-u'. `physical' same as `-P'. `posix' change the behavior of Bash where the default operation differs from the Posix 1003.2 standard to match the standard. This is intended to make Bash behave as a strict superset of that standard. `privileged' same as `-p'. `verbose' same as `-v'. `vi' use a `vi'-style line editing interface. `xtrace' same as `-x'. `-p' Turn on privileged mode. In this mode, the `$ENV' file is not processed, and shell functions are not inherited from the environment. This is enabled automatically on startup if the effective user (group) id is not equal to the real user (group) id. Turning this option off causes the effective user and group ids to be set to the real user and group ids. `-t' Exit after reading and executing one command. `-u' Treat unset variables as an error when substituting. `-v' Print shell input lines as they are read. `-x' Print commands and their arguments as they are executed. `-l' Save and restore the binding of the NAME in a `for' command. `-d' Disable the hashing of commands that are looked up for execution. Normally, commands are remembered in a hash table, and once found, do not have to be looked up again. `-C' Disallow output redirection to existing files. `-H' Enable ! style history substitution. This flag is on by default. `-P' If set, do not follow symbolic links when performing commands such as `cd' which change the current directory. The physical directory is used instead. `--' If no arguments follow this flag, then the positional parameters are unset. Otherwise, the positional parameters are set to the ARGUMENTS, even if some of them begin with a `-'. `-' Signal the end of options, cause all remaining ARGUMENTS to be assigned to the positional parameters. The `-x' and `-v' options are turned off. If there are no arguments, the positional parameters remain unchanged. Using `+' rather than `-' causes these flags to be turned off. The flags can also be used upon invocation of the shell. The current set of flags may be found in `$-'. The remaining N ARGUMENTS are positional parameters and are assigned, in order, to `$1', `$2', .. `$N'. If no arguments are given, all shell variables are printed.  File: features.info, Node: Bash Variables, Next: Shell Arithmetic, Prev: The Set Builtin, Up: Bash Specific Features Bash Variables ============== These variables are set or used by bash, but other shells do not normally treat them specially. `HISTCONTROL' `history_control' Set to a value of `ignorespace', it means don't enter lines which begin with a space or tab into the history list. Set to a value of `ignoredups', it means don't enter lines which match the last entered line. A value of `ignoreboth' combines the two options. Unset, or set to any other value than those above, means to save all lines on the history list. `HISTFILE' The name of the file to which the command history is saved. `HISTSIZE' If set, this is the maximum number of commands to remember in the history. `histchars' Up to three characters which control history expansion, quick substitution, and tokenization (*note History Interaction::.). The first character is the "history-expansion-char", that is, the character which signifies the start of a history expansion, normally `!'. The second character is the character which signifies `quick substitution' when seen as the first character on a line, normally `^'. The optional third character is the character which signifies the remainder of the line is a comment, when found as the first character of a word, usually `#'. The history comment character causes history substitution to be skipped for the remaining words on the line. It does not necessarily cause the shell parser to treat the rest of the line as a comment. `HISTCMD' The history number, or index in the history list, of the current command. If `HISTCMD' is unset, it loses its special properties, even if it is subsequently reset. `hostname_completion_file' `HOSTFILE' Contains the name of a file in the same format as `/etc/hosts' that should be read when the shell needs to complete a hostname. You can change the file interactively; the next time you attempt to complete a hostname, Bash will add the contents of the new file to the already existing database. `MAILCHECK' How often (in seconds) that the shell should check for mail in the files specified in `MAILPATH'. `PROMPT_COMMAND' If present, this contains a string which is a command to execute before the printing of each primary prompt (`$PS1'). `UID' The numeric real user id of the current user. `EUID' The numeric effective user id of the current user. `HOSTTYPE' A string describing the machine Bash is running on. `OSTYPE' A string describing the operating system Bash is running on. `FIGNORE' A colon-separated list of suffixes to ignore when performing filename completion A file name whose suffix matches one of the entries in `FIGNORE' is excluded from the list of matched file names. A sample value is `.o:~' `INPUTRC' The name of the Readline startup file, overriding the default of `~/.inputrc'. `BASH_VERSION' The version number of the current instance of Bash. `IGNOREEOF' Controls the action of the shell on receipt of an `EOF' character as the sole input. If set, then the value of it is the number of consecutive `EOF' characters that can be read as the first characters on an input line before the shell will exit. If the variable exists but does not have a numeric value (or has no value) then the default is 10. If the variable does not exist, then `EOF' signifies the end of input to the shell. This is only in effect for interactive shells. `no_exit_on_failed_exec' If this variable exists, the shell will not exit in the case that it couldn't execute the file specified in the `exec' command. `nolinks' If present, says not to follow symbolic links when doing commands that change the current working directory. By default, bash follows the logical chain of directories when performing commands such as `cd' which change the current directory. For example, if `/usr/sys' is a link to `/usr/local/sys' then: $ cd /usr/sys; echo $PWD /usr/sys $ cd ..; pwd /usr If `nolinks' exists, then: $ cd /usr/sys; echo $PWD /usr/local/sys $ cd ..; pwd /usr/local See also the description of the `-P' option to the `set' builtin, *Note The Set Builtin::.  File: features.info, Node: Shell Arithmetic, Next: Printing a Prompt, Prev: Bash Variables, Up: Bash Specific Features Shell Arithmetic ================ * Menu: * Arithmetic Evaluation:: How shell arithmetic works. * Arithmetic Expansion:: How to use arithmetic in shell expansions. * Arithmetic Builtins:: Builtin commands that use shell arithmetic.  File: features.info, Node: Arithmetic Evaluation, Next: Arithmetic Expansion, Up: Shell Arithmetic Arithmetic Evaluation --------------------- The shell allows arithmetic expressions to be evaluated, as one of the shell expansions or by the `let' builtin. Evaluation is done in long integers with no check for overflow, though division by 0 is trapped and flagged as an error. The following list of operators is grouped into levels of equal-precedence operators. The levels are listed in order of decreasing precedence. `- +' unary minus and plus `! ~' logical and bitwise negation `* / %' multiplication, division, remainder `+ -' addition, subtraction `<< >>' left and right bitwise shifts `<= >= < >' comparison `== !=' equality and inequality `&' bitwise AND `^' bitwise exclusive OR `|' bitwise OR `&&' logical AND `||' logical OR `= *= /= %= += -= <<= >>= &= ^= |=' assignment Shell variables are allowed as operands; parameter expansion is performed before the expression is evaluated. The value of a parameter is coerced to a long integer within an expression. A shell variable need not have its integer attribute turned on to be used in an expression. Constants with a leading 0 are interpreted as octal numbers. A leading `0x' or `0X' denotes hexadecimal. Otherwise, numbers take the form [BASE#]n, where BASE is a decimal number between 2 and 36 representing the arithmetic base, and N is a number in that base. If BASE is omitted, then base 10 is used. Operators are evaluated in order of precedence. Sub-expressions in parentheses are evaluated first and may override the precedence rules above.  File: features.info, Node: Arithmetic Expansion, Next: Arithmetic Builtins, Prev: Arithmetic Evaluation, Up: Shell Arithmetic Arithmetic Expansion -------------------- Arithmetic expansion allows the evaluation of an arithmetic expression and the substitution of the result. There are two formats for arithmetic expansion: $[ expression ] $(( expression )) The expression is treated as if it were within double quotes, but a double quote inside the braces or parentheses is not treated specially. All tokens in the expression undergo parameter expansion, command substitution, and quote removal. Arithmetic substitutions may be nested. The evaluation is performed according to the rules listed above. If the expression is invalid, Bash prints a message indicating failure and no substitution occurs.  File: features.info, Node: Arithmetic Builtins, Prev: Arithmetic Expansion, Up: Shell Arithmetic Arithmetic Builtins ------------------- `let' let EXPRESSION [EXPRESSION] The `let' builtin allows arithmetic to be performed on shell variables. Each EXPRESSION is evaluated according to the rules given previously (*note Arithmetic Evaluation::.). If the last EXPRESSION evaluates to 0, `let' returns 1; otherwise 0 is returned.  File: features.info, Node: Printing a Prompt, Prev: Shell Arithmetic, Up: Bash Specific Features Controlling the Prompt ====================== The value of the variable `$PROMPT_COMMAND' is examined just before Bash prints each primary prompt. If it is set and non-null, then the value is executed just as if you had typed it on the command line. In addition, the following table describes the special characters which can appear in the `PS1' variable: `\t' the time, in HH:MM:SS format. `\d' the date, in "Weekday Month Date" format (e.g. "Tue May 26"). `\n' newline. `\s' the name of the shell, the basename of `$0' (the portion following the final slash). `\w' the current working directory. `\W' the basename of `$PWD'. `\u' your username. `\h' the hostname. `\#' the command number of this command. `\!' the history number of this command. `\nnn' the character corresponding to the octal number `nnn'. `\$' if the effective uid is 0, `#', otherwise `$'. `\\' a backslash. `\[' begin a sequence of non-printing characters. This could be used to embed a terminal control sequence into the prompt. `\]' end a sequence of non-printing characters.  File: features.info, Node: Job Control, Next: Using History Interactively, Prev: Bash Specific Features, Up: Top Job Control *********** This chapter disusses what job control is, how it works, and how Bash allows you to access its facilities. * Menu: * Job Control Basics:: How job control works. * Job Control Builtins:: Bash builtin commands used to interact with job control. * Job Control Variables:: Variables Bash uses to customize job control.  File: features.info, Node: Job Control Basics, Next: Job Control Builtins, Up: Job Control Job Control Basics ================== Job control refers to the ability to selectively stop (suspend) the execution of processes and continue (resume) their execution at a later point. A user typically employs this facility via an interactive interface supplied jointly by the system's terminal driver and Bash. The shell associates a JOB with each pipeline. It keeps a table of currently executing jobs, which may be listed with the `jobs' command. When Bash starts a job asynchronously (in the background), it prints a line that looks like: [1] 25647 indicating that this job is job number 1 and that the process ID of the last process in the pipeline associated with this job is 25647. All of the processes in a single pipeline are members of the same job. Bash uses the JOB abstraction as the basis for job control. To facilitate the implementation of the user interface to job control, the system maintains the notion of a current terminal process group ID. Members of this process group (processes whose process group ID is equal to the current terminal process group ID) receive keyboard-generated signals such as `SIGINT'. These processes are said to be in the foreground. Background processes are those whose process group ID differs from the terminal's; such processes are immune to keyboard-generated signals. Only foreground processes are allowed to read from or write to the terminal. Background processes which attempt to read from (write to) the terminal are sent a `SIGTTIN' (`SIGTTOU') signal by the terminal driver, which, unless caught, suspends the process. If the operating system on which Bash is running supports job control, Bash allows you to use it. Typing the SUSPEND character (typically `^Z', Control-Z) while a process is running causes that process to be stopped and returns you to Bash. Typing the DELAYED SUSPEND character (typically `^Y', Control-Y) causes the process to be stopped when it attempts to read input from the terminal, and control to be returned to Bash. You may then manipulate the state of this job, using the `bg' command to continue it in the background, the `fg' command to continue it in the foreground, or the `kill' command to kill it. A `^Z' takes effect immediately, and has the additional side effect of causing pending output and typeahead to be discarded. There are a number of ways to refer to a job in the shell. The character `%' introduces a job name. Job number `n' may be referred to as `%n'. A job may also be referred to using a prefix of the name used to start it, or using a substring that appears in its command line. For example, `%ce' refers to a stopped `ce' job. Using `%?ce', on the other hand, refers to any job containing the string `ce' in its command line. If the prefix or substring matches more than one job, Bash reports an error. The symbols `%%' and `%+' refer to the shell's notion of the current job, which is the last job stopped while it was in the foreground. The previous job may be referenced using `%-'. In output pertaining to jobs (e.g., the output of the `jobs' command), the current job is always flagged with a `+', and the previous job with a `-'. Simply naming a job can be used to bring it into the foreground: `%1' is a synonym for `fg %1' bringing job 1 from the background into the foreground. Similarly, `%1 &' resumes job 1 in the background, equivalent to `bg %1' The shell learns immediately whenever a job changes state. Normally, Bash waits until it is about to print a prompt before reporting changes in a job's status so as to not interrupt any other output. If the the `-b' option to the `set' builtin is set, Bash reports such changes immediately (*note The Set Builtin::.). This feature is also controlled by the variable `notify'. If you attempt to exit bash while jobs are stopped, the shell prints a message warning you. You may then use the `jobs' command to inspect their status. If you do this, or try to exit again immediately, you are not warned again, and the stopped jobs are terminated.  File: features.info, Node: Job Control Builtins, Next: Job Control Variables, Prev: Job Control Basics, Up: Job Control Job Control Builtins ==================== `bg' bg [JOBSPEC] Place JOBSPEC into the background, as if it had been started with `&'. If JOBSPEC is not supplied, the current job is used. `fg' fg [JOBSPEC] Bring JOBSPEC into the foreground and make it the current job. If JOBSPEC is not supplied, the current job is used. `jobs' jobs [-lpn] [JOBSPEC] jobs -x COMMAND [JOBSPEC] The first form lists the active jobs. The `-l' option lists process IDs in addition to the normal information; the `-p' option lists only the process ID of the job's process group leader. The `-n' option displays only jobs that have changed status since last notfied. If JOBSPEC is given, output is restricted to information about that job. If JOBSPEC is not supplied, the status of all jobs is listed. If the `-x' option is supplied, `jobs' replaces any JOBSPEC found in COMMAND or ARGUMENTS with the corresponding process group ID, and executes COMMAND, passing it ARGUMENTs, returning its exit status. `suspend' suspend [-f] Suspend the execution of this shell until it receives a `SIGCONT' signal. The `-f' option means to suspend even if the shell is a login shell. When job control is active, the `kill' and `wait' builtins also accept JOBSPEC arguments.  File: features.info, Node: Job Control Variables, Prev: Job Control Builtins, Up: Job Control Job Control Variables ===================== `auto_resume' This variable controls how the shell interacts with the user and job control. If this variable exists then single word simple commands without redirects are treated as candidates for resumption of an existing job. There is no ambiguity allowed; if you have more than one job beginning with the string that you have typed, then the most recently accessed job will be selected. The name of a stopped job, in this context, is the command line used to start it. If this variable is set to the value `exact', the string supplied must match the name of a stopped job exactly; if set to `substring', the string supplied needs to match a substring of the name of a stopped job. The `substring' value provides functionality analogous to the `%?' job id (*note Job Control Basics::.). If set to any other value, the supplied string must be a prefix of a stopped job's name; this provides functionality analogous to the `%' job id. `notify' Setting this variable to a value is equivalent to `set -b'; unsetting it is equivalent to `set +b' (*note The Set Builtin::.).  File: features.info, Node: Using History Interactively, Next: Command Line Editing, Prev: Job Control, Up: Top Using History Interactively *************************** This chapter describes how to use the GNU History Library interactively, from a user's standpoint. It should be considered a user's guide. For information on using the GNU History Library in your own programs, see the GNU Readline Library Manual. * Menu: * History Interaction:: What it feels like using History as a user.  File: features.info, Node: History Interaction, Up: Using History Interactively History Interaction =================== The History library provides a history expansion feature that is similar to the history expansion provided by `csh'. The following text describes the syntax used to manipulate the history information. History expansion takes place in two parts. The first is to determine which line from the previous history should be used during substitution. The second is to select portions of that line for inclusion into the current one. The line selected from the previous history is called the "event", and the portions of that line that are acted upon are called "words". The line is broken into words in the same fashion that Bash does, so that several English (or Unix) words surrounded by quotes are considered as one word. * Menu: * Event Designators:: How to specify which history line to use. * Word Designators:: Specifying which words are of interest. * Modifiers:: Modifying the results of substitution.  File: features.info, Node: Event Designators, Next: Word Designators, Up: History Interaction Event Designators ----------------- An event designator is a reference to a command line entry in the history list. `!' Start a history substitution, except when followed by a space, tab, the end of the line, = or (. `!!' Refer to the previous command. This is a synonym for `!-1'. `!n' Refer to command line N. `!-n' Refer to the command N lines back. `!string' Refer to the most recent command starting with STRING. `!?string'[`?'] Refer to the most recent command containing STRING. `!#' The entire command line typed so far. `^string1^string2^' Quick Substitution. Repeat the last command, replacing STRING1 with STRING2. Equivalent to `!!:s/string1/string2/'.  File: features.info, Node: Word Designators, Next: Modifiers, Prev: Event Designators, Up: History Interaction Word Designators ---------------- A : separates the event specification from the word designator. It can be omitted if the word designator begins with a ^, $, * or %. Words are numbered from the beginning of the line, with the first word being denoted by a 0 (zero). `0 (zero)' The `0'th word. For many applications, this is the command word. `n' The Nth word. `^' The first argument; that is, word 1. `$' The last argument. `%' The word matched by the most recent `?string?' search. `x-y' A range of words; `-Y' abbreviates `0-Y'. `*' All of the words, except the `0'th. This is a synonym for `1-$'. It is not an error to use * if there is just one word in the event; the empty string is returned in that case. `x*' Abbreviates `x-$' `x-' Abbreviates `x-$' like `x*', but omits the last word.  File: features.info, Node: Modifiers, Prev: Word Designators, Up: History Interaction Modifiers --------- After the optional word designator, you can add a sequence of one or more of the following modifiers, each preceded by a :. `h' Remove a trailing pathname component, leaving only the head. `r' Remove a trailing suffix of the form `.'SUFFIX, leaving the basename. `e' Remove all but the trailing suffix. `t' Remove all leading pathname components, leaving the tail. `p' Print the new command but do not execute it. `q' Quote the substituted words, escaping further substitutions. `x' Quote the substituted words as with `q', but break into words at spaces, tabs, and newlines. `s/old/new/' Substitute NEW for the first occurrence of OLD in the event line. Any delimiter may be used in place of /. The delimiter may be quoted in OLD and NEW with a single backslash. If & appears in NEW, it is replaced by OLD. A single backslash will quote the &. The final delimiter is optional if it is the last character on the input line. `&' Repeat the previous substitution. `g' Cause changes to be applied over the entire event line. Used in conjunction with `s', as in `gs/old/new/', or with `&'.  File: features.info, Node: Command Line Editing, Next: Variable Index, Prev: Using History Interactively, Up: Top Command Line Editing ******************** This chapter describes the basic features of the GNU command line editing interface. * Menu: * Introduction and Notation:: Notation used in this text. * Readline Interaction:: The minimum set of commands for editing a line. * Readline Init File:: Customizing Readline from a user's view. * Bindable Readline Commands:: A description of most of the Readline commands available for binding * Readline vi Mode:: A short description of how to make Readline behave like the vi editor.  File: features.info, Node: Introduction and Notation, Next: Readline Interaction, Up: Command Line Editing Introduction to Line Editing ============================ The following paragraphs describe the notation used to represent keystrokes. The text C-k is read as `Control-K' and describes the character produced when the Control key is depressed and the k key is struck. The text M-k is read as `Meta-K' and describes the character produced when the meta key (if you have one) is depressed, and the k key is struck. If you do not have a meta key, the identical keystroke can be generated by typing ESC first, and then typing k. Either process is known as "metafying" the k key. The text M-C-k is read as `Meta-Control-k' and describes the character produced by "metafying" C-k. In addition, several keys have their own names. Specifically, DEL, ESC, LFD, SPC, RET, and TAB all stand for themselves when seen in this text, or in an init file (*note Readline Init File::., for more info).  File: features.info, Node: Readline Interaction, Next: Readline Init File, Prev: Introduction and Notation, Up: Command Line Editing Readline Interaction ==================== Often during an interactive session you type in a long line of text, only to notice that the first word on the line is misspelled. The Readline library gives you a set of commands for manipulating the text as you type it in, allowing you to just fix your typo, and not forcing you to retype the majority of the line. Using these editing commands, you move the cursor to the place that needs correction, and delete or insert the text of the corrections. Then, when you are satisfied with the line, you simply press RETURN. You do not have to be at the end of the line to press RETURN; the entire line is accepted regardless of the location of the cursor within the line. * Menu: * Readline Bare Essentials:: The least you need to know about Readline. * Readline Movement Commands:: Moving about the input line. * Readline Killing Commands:: How to delete text, and how to get it back! * Readline Arguments:: Giving numeric arguments to commands.  File: features.info, Node: Readline Bare Essentials, Next: Readline Movement Commands, Up: Readline Interaction Readline Bare Essentials ------------------------ In order to enter characters into the line, simply type them. The typed character appears where the cursor was, and then the cursor moves one space to the right. If you mistype a character, you can use your erase character to back up and delete the mistyped character. Sometimes you may miss typing a character that you wanted to type, and not notice your error until you have typed several other characters. In that case, you can type C-b to move the cursor to the left, and then correct your mistake. Afterwards, you can move the cursor to the right with C-f. When you add text in the middle of a line, you will notice that characters to the right of the cursor are `pushed over' to make room for the text that you have inserted. Likewise, when you delete text behind the cursor, characters to the right of the cursor are `pulled back' to fill in the blank space created by the removal of the text. A list of the basic bare essentials for editing the text of an input line follows. C-b Move back one character. C-f Move forward one character. DEL Delete the character to the left of the cursor. C-d Delete the character underneath the cursor. Printing characters Insert the character into the line at the cursor. C-_ Undo the last thing that you did. You can undo all the way back to an empty line.  File: features.info, Node: Readline Movement Commands, Next: Readline Killing Commands, Prev: Readline Bare Essentials, Up: Readline Interaction Readline Movement Commands -------------------------- The above table describes the most basic possible keystrokes that you need in order to do editing of the input line. For your convenience, many other commands have been added in addition to C-b, C-f, C-d, and DEL. Here are some commands for moving more rapidly about the line. C-a Move to the start of the line. C-e Move to the end of the line. M-f Move forward a word. M-b Move backward a word. C-l Clear the screen, reprinting the current line at the top. Notice how C-f moves forward a character, while M-f moves forward a word. It is a loose convention that control keystrokes operate on characters while meta keystrokes operate on words.  File: features.info, Node: Readline Killing Commands, Next: Readline Arguments, Prev: Readline Movement Commands, Up: Readline Interaction Readline Killing Commands ------------------------- "Killing" text means to delete the text from the line, but to save it away for later use, usually by "yanking" (re-inserting) it back into the line. If the description for a command says that it `kills' text, then you can be sure that you can get the text back in a different (or the same) place later. When you use a kill command, the text is saved in a "kill-ring". Any number of consecutive kills save all of the killed text together, so that when you yank it back, you get it all. The kill ring is not line specific; the text that you killed on a previously typed line is available to be yanked back later, when you are typing another line. Here is the list of commands for killing text. C-k Kill the text from the current cursor position to the end of the line. M-d Kill from the cursor to the end of the current word, or if between words, to the end of the next word. M-DEL Kill from the cursor the start of the previous word, or if between words, to the start of the previous word. C-w Kill from the cursor to the previous whitespace. This is different than M-DEL because the word boundaries differ. And, here is how to "yank" the text back into the line. Yanking means to copy the most-recently-killed text from the kill buffer. C-y Yank the most recently killed text back into the buffer at the cursor. M-y Rotate the kill-ring, and yank the new top. You can only do this if the prior command is C-y or M-y.  File: features.info, Node: Readline Arguments, Prev: Readline Killing Commands, Up: Readline Interaction Readline Arguments ------------------ You can pass numeric arguments to Readline commands. Sometimes the argument acts as a repeat count, other times it is the sign of the argument that is significant. If you pass a negative argument to a command which normally acts in a forward direction, that command will act in a backward direction. For example, to kill text back to the start of the line, you might type M- C-k. The general way to pass numeric arguments to a command is to type meta digits before the command. If the first `digit' you type is a minus sign (-), then the sign of the argument will be negative. Once you have typed one meta digit to get the argument started, you can type the remainder of the digits, and then the command. For example, to give the C-d command an argument of 10, you could type M-1 0 C-d.  File: features.info, Node: Readline Init File, Next: Bindable Readline Commands, Prev: Readline Interaction, Up: Command Line Editing Readline Init File ================== Although the Readline library comes with a set of Emacs-like keybindings installed by default, it is possible that you would like to use a different set of keybindings. You can customize programs that use Readline by putting commands in an "init" file in your home directory. The name of this file is taken from the value of the shell variable `INPUTRC'. If that variable is unset, the default is `~/.inputrc'. When a program which uses the Readline library starts up, the init file is read, and the key bindings are set. In addition, the `C-x C-r' command re-reads this init file, thus incorporating any changes that you might have made to it. * Menu: * Readline Init Syntax:: Syntax for the commands in the inputrc file. * Conditional Init Constructs:: Conditional key bindings in the inputrc file.  File: features.info, Node: Readline Init Syntax, Next: Conditional Init Constructs, Up: Readline Init File Readline Init Syntax -------------------- There are only a few basic constructs allowed in the Readline init file. Blank lines are ignored. Lines beginning with a # are comments. Lines beginning with a $ indicate conditional constructs (*note Conditional Init Constructs::.). Other lines denote variable settings and key bindings. Variable Settings You can change the state of a few variables in Readline by using the `set' command within the init file. Here is how you would specify that you wish to use `vi' line editing commands: set editing-mode vi Right now, there are only a few variables which can be set; so few, in fact, that we just list them here: `editing-mode' The `editing-mode' variable controls which editing mode you are using. By default, Readline starts up in Emacs editing mode, where the keystrokes are most similar to Emacs. This variable can be set to either `emacs' or `vi'. `horizontal-scroll-mode' This variable can be set to either `On' or `Off'. Setting it to `On' means that the text of the lines that you edit will scroll horizontally on a single screen line when they are longer than the width of the screen, instead of wrapping onto a new screen line. By default, this variable is set to `Off'. `mark-modified-lines' This variable, when set to `On', says to display an asterisk (`*') at the start of history lines which have been modified. This variable is `off' by default. `bell-style' Controls what happens when Readline wants to ring the terminal bell. If set to `none', Readline never rings the bell. If set to `visible', Readline uses a visible bell if one is available. If set to `audible' (the default), Readline attempts to ring the terminal's bell. `comment-begin' The string to insert at the beginning of the line when the `vi-comment' command is executed. The default value is `"#"'. `meta-flag' If set to `on', Readline will enable eight-bit input (it will not strip the eighth bit from the characters it reads), regardless of what the terminal claims it can support. The default value is `off'. `convert-meta' If set to `on', Readline will convert characters with the eigth bit set to an ASCII key sequence by stripping the eigth bit and prepending an ESC character, converting them to a meta-prefixed key sequence. The default value is `on'. `output-meta' If set to `on', Readline will display characters with the eighth bit set directly rather than as a meta-prefixed escape sequence. The default is `off'. `completion-query-items' The number of possible completions that determines when the user is asked whether he wants to see the list of possibilities. If the number of possible completions is greater than this value, Readline will ask the user whether or not he wishes to view them; otherwise, they are simply listed. The default limit is `100'. `keymap' Sets Readline's idea of the current keymap for key binding commands. Acceptable `keymap' names are `emacs', `emacs-standard', `emacs-meta', `emacs-ctlx', `vi', `vi-move', `vi-command', and `vi-insert'. `vi' is equivalent to `vi-command'; `emacs' is equivalent to `emacs-standard'. The default value is `emacs'. The value of the `editing-mode' variable also affects the default keymap. `show-all-if-ambiguous' This alters the default behavior of the completion functions. If set to `on', words which have more than one possible completion cause the matches to be listed immediately instead of ringing the bell. The default value is `off'. `expand-tilde' If set to `on', tilde expansion is performed when Readline attempts word completion. The default is `off'. Key Bindings The syntax for controlling key bindings in the init file is simple. First you have to know the name of the command that you want to change. The following pages contain tables of the command name, the default keybinding, and a short description of what the command does. Once you know the name of the command, simply place the name of the key you wish to bind the command to, a colon, and then the name of the command on a line in the init file. The name of the key can be expressed in different ways, depending on which is most comfortable for you. KEYNAME: FUNCTION-NAME or MACRO KEYNAME is the name of a key spelled out in English. For example: Control-u: universal-argument Meta-Rubout: backward-kill-word Control-o: ">&output" In the above example, `C-u' is bound to the function `universal-argument', and `C-o' is bound to run the macro expressed on the right hand side (that is, to insert the text `>&output' into the line). "KEYSEQ": FUNCTION-NAME or MACRO KEYSEQ differs from KEYNAME above in that strings denoting an entire key sequence can be specified, by placing the key sequence in double quotes. Some GNU Emacs style key escapes can be used, as in the following example, but the special character names are not recognized. "\C-u": universal-argument "\C-x\C-r": re-read-init-file "\e[11~": "Function Key 1" In the above example, `C-u' is bound to the function `universal-argument' (just as it was in the first example), `C-x C-r' is bound to the function `re-read-init-file', and `ESC [ 1 1 ~' is bound to insert the text `Function Key 1'. The following escape sequences are available when specifying key sequences: ``\C-'' control prefix ``\M-'' meta prefix ``\e'' an escape character ``\\'' backslash ``\"'' " ``\''' ' When entering the text of a macro, single or double quotes should be used to indicate a macro definition. Unquoted text is assumed to be a function name. Backslash will quote any character in the macro text, including " and '. For example, the following binding will make `C-x \' insert a single \ into the line: "\C-x\\": "\\"  File: features.info, Node: Conditional Init Constructs, Prev: Readline Init Syntax, Up: Readline Init File Conditional Init Constructs --------------------------- Readline implements a facility similar in spirit to the conditional compilation features of the C preprocessor which allows key bindings and variable settings to be performed as the result of tests. There are three parser directives used. `$if' The `$if' construct allows bindings to be made based on the editing mode, the terminal being used, or the application using Readline. The text of the test extends to the end of the line; no characters are required to isolate it. `mode' The `mode=' form of the `$if' directive is used to test whether Readline is in `emacs' or `vi' mode. This may be used in conjunction with the `set keymap' command, for instance, to set bindings in the `emacs-standard' and `emacs-ctlx' keymaps only if Readline is starting out in `emacs' mode. `term' The `term=' form may be used to include terminal-specific key bindings, perhaps to bind the key sequences output by the terminal's function keys. The word on the right side of the `=' is tested against the full name of the terminal and the portion of the terminal name before the first `-'. This allows SUN to match both SUN and SUN-CMD, for instance. `application' The APPLICATION construct is used to include application-specific settings. Each program using the Readline library sets the APPLICATION NAME, and you can test for it. This could be used to bind key sequences to functions useful for a specific program. For instance, the following command adds a key sequence that quotes the current or previous word in Bash: $if bash # Quote the current or previous word "\C-xq": "\eb\"\ef\"" $endif `$endif' This command, as you saw in the previous example, terminates an `$if' command. `$else' Commands in this branch of the `$if' directive are executed if the test fails.  File: features.info, Node: Bindable Readline Commands, Next: Readline vi Mode, Prev: Readline Init File, Up: Command Line Editing Bindable Readline Commands ========================== * Menu: * Commands For Moving:: Moving about the line. * Commands For History:: Getting at previous lines. * Commands For Text:: Commands for changing text. * Commands For Killing:: Commands for killing and yanking. * Numeric Arguments:: Specifying numeric arguments, repeat counts. * Commands For Completion:: Getting Readline to do the typing for you. * Keyboard Macros:: Saving and re-executing typed characters * Miscellaneous Commands:: Other miscellaneous commands.  File: features.info, Node: Commands For Moving, Next: Commands For History, Up: Bindable Readline Commands Commands For Moving ------------------- `beginning-of-line (C-a)' Move to the start of the current line. `end-of-line (C-e)' Move to the end of the line. `forward-char (C-f)' Move forward a character. `backward-char (C-b)' Move back a character. `forward-word (M-f)' Move forward to the end of the next word. Words are composed of letters and digits. `backward-word (M-b)' Move back to the start of this, or the previous, word. Words are composed of letters and digits. `clear-screen (C-l)' Clear the screen and redraw the current line, leaving the current line at the top of the screen. `redraw-current-line ()' Refresh the current line. By default, this is unbound.  File: features.info, Node: Commands For History, Next: Commands For Text, Prev: Commands For Moving, Up: Bindable Readline Commands Commands For Manipulating The History ------------------------------------- `accept-line (Newline, Return)' Accept the line regardless of where the cursor is. If this line is non-empty, add it to the history list according to the setting of the `HISTCONTROL' variable. If this line was a history line, then restore the history line to its original state. `previous-history (C-p)' Move `up' through the history list. `next-history (C-n)' Move `down' through the history list. `beginning-of-history (M-<)' Move to the first line in the history. `end-of-history (M->)' Move to the end of the input history, i.e., the line you are entering. `reverse-search-history (C-r)' Search backward starting at the current line and moving `up' through the history as necessary. This is an incremental search. `forward-search-history (C-s)' Search forward starting at the current line and moving `down' through the the history as necessary. This is an incremental search. `non-incremental-reverse-search-history (M-p)' Search backward starting at the current line and moving `up' through the history as necessary using a non-incremental search for a string supplied by the user. `non-incremental-forward-search-history (M-n)' Search forward starting at the current line and moving `down' through the the history as necessary using a non-incremental search for a string supplied by the user. `history-search-forward ()' Search forward through the history for the string of characters between the start of the current line and the current point. This is a non-incremental search. By default, this command is unbound. `history-search-backward ()' Search backward through the history for the string of characters between the start of the current line and the current point. This is a non-incremental search. By default, this command is unbound. `yank-nth-arg (M-C-y)' Insert the first argument to the previous command (usually the second word on the previous line). With an argument N, insert the Nth word from the previous command (the words in the previous command begin with word 0). A negative argument inserts the Nth word from the end of the previous command. `yank-last-arg (M-., M-_)' Insert last argument to the previous command (the last word on the previous line). With an argument, behave exactly like `yank-nth-arg'.  File: features.info, Node: Commands For Text, Next: Commands For Killing, Prev: Commands For History, Up: Bindable Readline Commands Commands For Changing Text -------------------------- `delete-char (C-d)' Delete the character under the cursor. If the cursor is at the beginning of the line, there are no characters in the line, and the last character typed was not C-d, then return EOF. `backward-delete-char (Rubout)' Delete the character behind the cursor. A numeric arg says to kill the characters instead of deleting them. `quoted-insert (C-q, C-v)' Add the next character that you type to the line verbatim. This is how to insert key sequences like C-q, for example. `tab-insert (M-TAB)' Insert a tab character. `self-insert (a, b, A, 1, !, ...)' Insert yourself. `transpose-chars (C-t)' Drag the character before the cursor forward over the character at the cursor, moving the cursor forward as well. If the insertion point is at the end of the line, then this transposes the last two characters of the line. Negative argumentss don't work. `transpose-words (M-t)' Drag the word behind the cursor past the word in front of the cursor moving the cursor over that word as well. `upcase-word (M-u)' Uppercase the current (or following) word. With a negative argument, do the previous word, but do not move the cursor. `downcase-word (M-l)' Lowercase the current (or following) word. With a negative argument, do the previous word, but do not move the cursor. `capitalize-word (M-c)' Capitalize the current (or following) word. With a negative argument, do the previous word, but do not move the cursor.  File: features.info, Node: Commands For Killing, Next: Numeric Arguments, Prev: Commands For Text, Up: Bindable Readline Commands Killing And Yanking ------------------- `kill-line (C-k)' Kill the text from the current cursor position to the end of the line. `backward-kill-line (C-x Rubout)' Kill backward to the beginning of the line. `unix-line-discard (C-u)' Kill backward from the cursor to the beginning of the current line. Save the killed text on the kill-ring. `kill-whole-line ()' Kill all characters on the current line, no matter where the cursor is. By default, this is unbound. `kill-word (M-d)' Kill from the cursor to the end of the current word, or if between words, to the end of the next word. Word boundaries are the same as `forward-word'. `backward-kill-word (M-DEL)' Kill the word behind the cursor. Word boundaries are the same as `backward-word'. `unix-word-rubout (C-w)' Kill the word behind the cursor, using white space as a word boundary. The killed text is saved on the kill-ring. `delete-horizontal-space ()' Delete all spaces and tabs around point. By default, this is unbound. `yank (C-y)' Yank the top of the kill ring into the buffer at the current cursor position. `yank-pop (M-y)' Rotate the kill-ring, and yank the new top. You can only do this if the prior command is yank or yank-pop.  File: features.info, Node: Numeric Arguments, Next: Commands For Completion, Prev: Commands For Killing, Up: Bindable Readline Commands Specifying Numeric Arguments ---------------------------- `digit-argument (M-0, M-1, ... M--)' Add this digit to the argument already accumulating, or start a new argument. M- starts a negative argument. `universal-argument ()' Each time this is executed, the argument count is multiplied by four. The argument count is initially one, so executing this function the first time makes the argument count four. By default, this is not bound to a key.  File: features.info, Node: Commands For Completion, Next: Keyboard Macros, Prev: Numeric Arguments, Up: Bindable Readline Commands Letting Readline Type For You ----------------------------- `complete (TAB)' Attempt to do completion on the text before the cursor. This is application-specific. Generally, if you are typing a filename argument, you can do filename completion; if you are typing a command, you can do command completion, if you are typing in a symbol to GDB, you can do symbol name completion, if you are typing in a variable to Bash, you can do variable name completion, and so on. See the Bash manual page for a complete list of available completion functions. `possible-completions (M-?)' List the possible completions of the text before the cursor. `insert-completions ()' Insert all completions of the text before point that would have been generated by `possible-completions'. By default, this is not bound to a key.  File: features.info, Node: Keyboard Macros, Next: Miscellaneous Commands, Prev: Commands For Completion, Up: Bindable Readline Commands Keyboard Macros --------------- `start-kbd-macro (C-x ()' Begin saving the characters typed into the current keyboard macro. `end-kbd-macro (C-x ))' Stop saving the characters typed into the current keyboard macro and save the definition. `call-last-kbd-macro (C-x e)' Re-execute the last keyboard macro defined, by making the characters in the macro appear as if typed at the keyboard.  File: features.info, Node: Miscellaneous Commands, Prev: Keyboard Macros, Up: Bindable Readline Commands Some Miscellaneous Commands --------------------------- `re-read-init-file (C-x C-r)' Read in the contents of your init file, and incorporate any bindings or variable assignments found there. `abort (C-g)' Abort the current editing command and ring the terminal's bell (subject to the setting of `bell-style'). `do-uppercase-version (M-a, M-b, ...)' Run the command that is bound to the corresoponding uppercase character. `prefix-meta (ESC)' Make the next character that you type be metafied. This is for people without a meta key. Typing `ESC f' is equivalent to typing `M-f'. `undo (C-_, C-x C-u)' Incremental undo, separately remembered for each line. `revert-line (M-r)' Undo all changes made to this line. This is like typing the `undo' command enough times to get back to the beginning. `tilde-expand (M-~)' Perform tilde expansion on the current word. `dump-functions ()' Print all of the functions and their key bindings to the readline output stream. If a numeric argument is supplied, the output is formatted in such a way that it can be made part of an INPUTRC file. `display-shell-version (C-x C-v)' Display version information about the current instance of Bash. `shell-expand-line (M-C-e)' Expand the line the way the shell does when it reads it. This performs alias and history expansion as well as all of the shell word expansions. `history-expand-line (M-^)' Perform history expansion on the current line. `insert-last-argument (M-., M-_)' A synonym for `yank-last-arg'. `operate-and-get-next (C-o)' Accept the current line for execution and fetch the next line relative to the current line from the history for editing. Any argument is ignored. `emacs-editing-mode (C-e)' When in `vi' editing mode, this causes a switch back to emacs editing mode, as if the command `set -o emacs' had been executed.  File: features.info, Node: Readline vi Mode, Prev: Bindable Readline Commands, Up: Command Line Editing Readline vi Mode ================ While the Readline library does not have a full set of `vi' editing functions, it does contain enough to allow simple editing of the line. The Readline `vi' mode behaves as specified in the Posix 1003.2 standard. In order to switch interactively between `Emacs' and `Vi' editing modes, use the `set -o emacs' and `set -o vi' commands (*note The Set Builtin::.). The Readline default is `emacs' mode. When you enter a line in `vi' mode, you are already placed in `insertion' mode, as if you had typed an `i'. Pressing ESC switches you into `command' mode, where you can edit the text of the line with the standard `vi' movement keys, move to previous history lines with `k', and following lines with `j', and so forth.  File: features.info, Node: Variable Index, Next: Concept Index, Prev: Command Line Editing, Up: Top Variable Index ************** * Menu: * auto_resume: Job Control Variables. * BASH_VERSION: Bash Variables. * bell-style: Readline Init Syntax. * cdable_vars: C Shell Variables. * CDPATH: Bourne Shell Variables. * comment-begin: Readline Init Syntax. * completion-query-items: Readline Init Syntax. * convert-meta: Readline Init Syntax. * editing-mode: Readline Init Syntax. * EUID: Bash Variables. * expand-tilde: Readline Init Syntax. * FIGNORE: Bash Variables. * histchars: Bash Variables. * HISTCMD: Bash Variables. * HISTCONTROL: Bash Variables. * HISTFILE: Bash Variables. * history_control: Bash Variables. * HISTSIZE: Bash Variables. * HOME: Bourne Shell Variables. * horizontal-scroll-mode: Readline Init Syntax. * HOSTFILE: Bash Variables. * hostname_completion_file: Bash Variables. * HOSTTYPE: Bash Variables. * IFS: Bourne Shell Variables. * IGNOREEOF: C Shell Variables. * IGNOREEOF: Bash Variables. * INPUTRC: Bash Variables. * keymap: Readline Init Syntax. * MAILCHECK: Bash Variables. * MAILPATH: Bourne Shell Variables. * mark-modified-lines: Readline Init Syntax. * meta-flag: Readline Init Syntax. * nolinks: Bash Variables. * notify: Job Control Variables. * no_exit_on_failed_exec: Bash Variables. * OLDPWD: Korn Shell Variables. * OPTARG: Bourne Shell Variables. * OPTIND: Bourne Shell Variables. * OSTYPE: Bash Variables. * output-meta: Readline Init Syntax. * PATH: Bourne Shell Variables. * PROMPT_COMMAND: Bash Variables. * PS1: Bourne Shell Variables. * PS2: Bourne Shell Variables. * PS3: Korn Shell Variables. * PS4: Korn Shell Variables. * PWD: Korn Shell Variables. * RANDOM: Korn Shell Variables. * REPLY: Korn Shell Variables. * SECONDS: Korn Shell Variables. * show-all-if-ambiguous: Readline Init Syntax. * TMOUT: Korn Shell Variables. * UID: Bash Variables.  File: features.info, Node: Concept Index, Prev: Variable Index, Up: Top Concept Index ************* * Menu: * $else: Conditional Init Constructs. * $endif: Conditional Init Constructs. * $if: Conditional Init Constructs. * .: Bourne Shell Builtins. * :: Bourne Shell Builtins. * abort (C-g): Miscellaneous Commands. * accept-line (Newline, Return): Commands For History. * alias: Alias Builtins. * backward-char (C-b): Commands For Moving. * backward-delete-char (Rubout): Commands For Text. * backward-kill-line (C-x Rubout): Commands For Killing. * backward-kill-word (M-DEL): Commands For Killing. * backward-word (M-b): Commands For Moving. * beginning-of-history (M-<): Commands For History. * beginning-of-line (C-a): Commands For Moving. * bg: Job Control Builtins. * bind: Bash Builtins. * break: Bourne Shell Builtins. * builtin: Bash Builtins. * call-last-kbd-macro (C-x e): Keyboard Macros. * capitalize-word (M-c): Commands For Text. * case: Conditional Constructs. * cd: Bourne Shell Builtins. * clear-screen (C-l): Commands For Moving. * command: Bash Builtins. * complete (TAB): Commands For Completion. * continue: Bourne Shell Builtins. * declare: Bash Builtins. * delete-char (C-d): Commands For Text. * delete-horizontal-space (): Commands For Killing. * digit-argument (M-0, M-1, ... M-): Numeric Arguments. * dirs: C Shell Builtins. * do-uppercase-version (M-a, M-b, ...): Miscellaneous Commands. * downcase-word (M-l): Commands For Text. * dump-functions (): Miscellaneous Commands. * echo: Bourne Shell Builtins. * enable: Bash Builtins. * end-kbd-macro (C-x )): Keyboard Macros. * end-of-history (M->): Commands For History. * end-of-line (C-e): Commands For Moving. * eval: Bourne Shell Builtins. * event designators: Event Designators. * exec: Bourne Shell Builtins. * exit: Bourne Shell Builtins. * expansion: History Interaction. * export: Bourne Shell Builtins. * fc: Korn Shell Builtins. * fg: Job Control Builtins. * for: Looping Constructs. * forward-char (C-f): Commands For Moving. * forward-search-history (C-s): Commands For History. * forward-word (M-f): Commands For Moving. * getopts: Bourne Shell Builtins. * hash: Bourne Shell Builtins. * help: Bash Builtins. * history: C Shell Builtins. * history events: Event Designators. * History, how to use: Job Control Variables. * history-search-backward (): Commands For History. * history-search-forward (): Commands For History. * if: Conditional Constructs. * insert-completions (): Commands For Completion. * interaction, readline: Readline Interaction. * jobs: Job Control Builtins. * kill: Bourne Shell Builtins. * Kill ring: Readline Killing Commands. * kill-line (C-k): Commands For Killing. * kill-whole-line (): Commands For Killing. * kill-word (M-d): Commands For Killing. * Killing text: Readline Killing Commands. * let: Korn Shell Builtins. * let: Arithmetic Builtins. * local: Bash Builtins. * logout: C Shell Builtins. * next-history (C-n): Commands For History. * non-incremental-forward-search-history (M-n): Commands For History. * non-incremental-reverse-search-history (M-p): Commands For History. * popd: C Shell Builtins. * possible-completions (M-?): Commands For Completion. * prefix-meta (ESC): Miscellaneous Commands. * previous-history (C-p): Commands For History. * pushd: C Shell Builtins. * pwd: Bourne Shell Builtins. * quoted-insert (C-q, C-v): Commands For Text. * re-read-init-file (C-x C-r): Miscellaneous Commands. * read: Bourne Shell Builtins. * Readline, how to use: Modifiers. * readonly: Bourne Shell Builtins. * redraw-current-line (): Commands For Moving. * return: Bourne Shell Builtins. * reverse-search-history (C-r): Commands For History. * revert-line (M-r): Miscellaneous Commands. * self-insert (a, b, A, 1, !, ...): Commands For Text. * set: The Set Builtin. * shift: Bourne Shell Builtins. * source: C Shell Builtins. * start-kbd-macro (C-x (): Keyboard Macros. * suspend: Job Control Builtins. * tab-insert (M-TAB): Commands For Text. * test: Bourne Shell Builtins. * tilde-expand (M-~): Miscellaneous Commands. * times: Bourne Shell Builtins. * transpose-chars (C-t): Commands For Text. * transpose-words (M-t): Commands For Text. * trap: Bourne Shell Builtins. * type: Bash Builtins. * typeset: Korn Shell Builtins. * ulimit: Bash Builtins. * umask: Bourne Shell Builtins. * unalias: Alias Builtins. * undo (C-_, C-x C-u): Miscellaneous Commands. * universal-argument (): Numeric Arguments. * unix-line-discard (C-u): Commands For Killing. * unix-word-rubout (C-w): Commands For Killing. * unset: Bourne Shell Builtins. * until: Looping Constructs. * upcase-word (M-u): Commands For Text. * wait: Bourne Shell Builtins. * while: Looping Constructs. * yank (C-y): Commands For Killing. * yank-last-arg (M-., M-_): Commands For History. * yank-nth-arg (M-C-y): Commands For History. * yank-pop (M-y): Commands For Killing. * Yanking text: Readline Killing Commands. * [: Bourne Shell Builtins.  Tag Table: Node: Top1044 Node: Bourne Shell Features2405 Node: Looping Constructs3579 Node: Conditional Constructs4634 Node: Shell Functions6194 Node: Bourne Shell Builtins7567 Node: Bourne Shell Variables9766 Node: Other Bourne Shell Features11025 Node: Major Differences from the Bourne Shell11783 Node: Csh Features14194 Node: Tilde Expansion15087 Node: Brace Expansion15691 Node: C Shell Builtins17283 Node: C Shell Variables20578 Node: Korn Shell Features21088 Node: Korn Shell Constructs21826 Node: Korn Shell Builtins23037 Node: Korn Shell Variables25190 Node: Aliases26466 Node: Alias Builtins28833 Node: Bash Specific Features29356 Node: Invoking Bash30085 Node: Bash Startup Files32404 Node: Is This Shell Interactive?34247 Node: Bash Builtins35055 Node: The Set Builtin41437 Node: Bash Variables46377 Node: Shell Arithmetic50945 Node: Arithmetic Evaluation51307 Node: Arithmetic Expansion53028 Node: Arithmetic Builtins53862 Node: Printing a Prompt54334 Node: Job Control55599 Node: Job Control Basics56074 Node: Job Control Builtins60249 Node: Job Control Variables61768 Node: Using History Interactively63077 Node: History Interaction63584 Node: Event Designators64630 Node: Word Designators65461 Node: Modifiers66446 Node: Command Line Editing67755 Node: Introduction and Notation68415 Node: Readline Interaction69435 Node: Readline Bare Essentials70574 Node: Readline Movement Commands72104 Node: Readline Killing Commands72995 Node: Readline Arguments74698 Node: Readline Init File75649 Node: Readline Init Syntax76647 Node: Conditional Init Constructs83580 Node: Bindable Readline Commands85826 Node: Commands For Moving86496 Node: Commands For History87344 Node: Commands For Text89988 Node: Commands For Killing91727 Node: Numeric Arguments93176 Node: Commands For Completion93803 Node: Keyboard Macros94816 Node: Miscellaneous Commands95375 Node: Readline vi Mode97466 Node: Variable Index98343 Node: Concept Index101671  End Tag Table bash-1.14.3/documentation/features.dvi 664 436 0 565604 5620240451 16124 0ustar chetwheel÷ƒ’À;è TeX output 1994.08.04:1527‹ÿÿÿÿŸòŽ ƒ3Ú ý†Ì& g®óUÂÖN ¼j cmbx12ëUBash‘ƧF‘þVeaturesŽŸ‰ÕÁGŸ šª’/ܾó2Kñ`y ó3 cmr10ÝOv•²!erview›¦fDoMÞcumen“tation˜for˜BashŽ¤ ’+’éEdition–¦f1.14,“for“ó3ßê‘ÝThis–Z_section“describMÞes“features“primarily“inspired“b²!y“the“Korn“Shell“(ÞkshÝ).‘ ùÇIn“some“cases,Ž¤the–ÿˆP²!osix“1003.2“standard“has“adopted“these“commands“and“v‘ÿdDariables“from“the“Korn“Shell;‘,BashŽ¡implemenš²!ts–¦fthose“features“using“the“P˜osix“standard“as“a“guide.ŽŸ7a<ëE3.1‘™Korn–¦MShell“ConstructsŽŽ©!'@‘ÝBash–S´includes“the“Korn“Shell“Þselect“Ýconstruct.‘åÆThis“construct“allo²!ws“the“easy“generation“ofŽ¡menš²!us.‘ÝÝIt–¦fhas“almost“the“same“syn˜tax“as“the“Þfor“Ýcommand.Ž¦‘The–¦fsyn²!tax“of“the“Þselect“Ýcommand“is:ŽŸ'@‘èUÞselect–¿ªáname‘\±Þ[in“áw²!ords‘3,Þ...];“do“ácommandss‚Þ;“doneŽ¦‘ÝThe–list“of“wš²!ords“follo˜wing“Þin“Ýis“expanded,‘%`generating“a“list“of“items.‘¨The“set“of“expanded“w˜ordsŽ¡is–neprinš²!ted“on“the“standard“error,‘ deac˜h“preceded“b˜y“a“n˜um˜bMÞer.‘5ÙIf“the“\Þin‘¦fáw˜ordss‚Ý"“is“omitted,‘ dtheŽ¡pMÞositional–…parameters“are“prinš²!ted.‘I;The“ÞPS3“Ýprompt“is“then“displa˜y˜ed“and“a“line“is“read“from“theŽ¡standard–„‹input.‘xKIf“the“line“consists“of“the“n•²!um“b•MÞer›„‹corresp“onding˜to˜one˜of˜the˜displa•²!y“ed˜w“ords,Ž¡then–¿the“v‘ÿdDalue“of“áname‘¬ÆÝis“set“to“that“wš²!ord.‘«¦If“the“line“is“empt˜y‘ÿe,‘-áthe“w˜ords“and“prompt“are“displa˜y˜edŽ¡again.›¿¡If–K³ÞEOF“Ýis“read,‘]Öthe“Þselect“Ýcommand“completes.˜An²!y“other“v‘ÿdDalue“read“causes“áname‘èºÝto“bMÞe“setŽ¡to–¦fnš²!ull.‘ÝÝThe“line“read“is“sa˜v˜ed“in“the“v‘ÿdDariable“ÞREPLYÝ.Ž¦‘The–A0ácommands‘´²Ýare“executed“after“eacš²!h“selection“un˜til“a“Þbreak“Ýor“Þreturn“Ýcommand“is“executed,Ž¡at–¦fwhicš²!h“pMÞoin˜t“the“Þselect“Ýcommand“completes.ŽŸ7a<ëE3.2‘™Korn–¦MShell“BuiltinsŽŽ¦‘ÝThis–¦fsection“describMÞes“Bash“builtin“commands“tak²!en“from“ÞkshÝ.ŽŸ$N€ÞfcŽŽŽŸ'@‘V¹Hfc–¿ª[-e“áename‘Þ]“[-nlr]“[á rstš=Þ]“[álast˜Þ]ŽŸ ‘V¹Hfc–¿ª-s“[ápat=repUÞ]“[ácommandnRÞ]ŽŸ'@‘9ÐóÝFix–xˆCommand.‘TCIn“the“ rst“form,‘­a“range“of“commands“from“á rst›µˆÝto“álast˜Ýis“selectedŽ¡‘9Ðófrom–oXthe“history“list.‘8²Both“á rst›¬XÝand“álast˜Ýma²!y“bšMÞe“sp˜eci ed“as“a“string“(to“lo˜cate“theŽŽŸŒ‹ Q°ŸòÝ12’‡ ¹Bash‘¦fF‘ÿeeaturesŽŽŽ ƒ3Ú ý¨ðБ9Ðómost–hrecenš²!t“command“bMÞeginning“with“that“string)“or“as“a“n˜um˜bMÞer“(an“index“in˜to“theŽ¤‘9Ðóhistory–&élist,‘G where“a“negativš²!e“n˜um˜bMÞer“is“used“as“an“o set“from“the“curren˜t“commandŽ¡‘9Ðón•²!um“bšMÞer).‘úIf–·pálast‘ôpÝis“not“sp˜eci ed“it“is“set“to“á rstÝ.‘úIf“á rst‘ôpÝis“not“sp˜eci ed“it“is“set“to“theŽ¡‘9Ðóprevious–:„command“for“editing“and“-16“for“listing.‘¹çIf“the“Þ-l“Ý ag“is“giv²!en,‘Pthe“commandsŽ¡‘9Ðóare–¤®listed“on“standard“output.‘ضThe“Þ-n“Ý ag“suppresses“the“command“n•²!um“bMÞers‘¤®whenŽ¡‘9Ðólisting.›)ŸThe–jQÞ-r“Ý ag“rev²!erses“the“order“of“the“listing.˜Otherwise,‘›Lthe“editor“givš²!en“b˜yŽ¡‘9Ðóáename‘ÁßÝis›$Øin•²!v“ok“ed˜on˜a˜ le˜con“taining˜those˜commands.‘²®If˜áename‘ÁßÝis˜not˜giv“en,‘>Áthe˜v‘ÿdDalueŽ¡‘9Ðóof–u=the“folloš²!wing“v‘ÿdDariable“expansion“is“used:‘ÅIÞ${FCEDIT:-${EDITOR:-vi}}Ý.‘ÍzThis“sa˜ys“toŽ¡‘9Ðóuse–@ the“v›ÿdDalue“of“the“ÞFCEDIT“Ýv˜ariable“if“set,‘T”or“the“v˜alue“of“the“ÞEDITOR“Ýv˜ariable“if“that“isŽ¡‘9Ðóset,›‘or–‹­Þvi“Ýif“neither“is“set.‘ÔõWhen“editing“is“complete,˜the“edited“commands“are“ec²!hoMÞedŽ¡‘9Ðóand‘¦fexecuted.Ž©,©‘9ÐóIn–ÁÑthe“second“form,‘Ȭácommand‘0#Ýis“re-executed“after“eac²!h“instance“of“ápat‘þÑÝin“the“selectedŽ¡‘9Ðócommand–¦fis“replaced“b²!y“árepÝ.Ž¦‘9ÐóA‘ß6useful–߆alias“to“use“with“the“Þfc“Ýcommand“is“Þr='fc›¦f-s'Ý,‘-Îso“that“t²!yping“Þr˜cc“ÝrunsŽ¡‘9Ðóthe–æšlast“command“bMÞeginning“with“Þcc“Ýand“t²!yping“Þr“Ýre-executes“the“last“command“(seeŽ¡‘9ÐóSection–¦f3.4“[Aliases],“page“13).Ž©YRÞletŽŽ‘9ÐóÝThe–}rÞlet“Ýbuiltin“allo²!ws“arithmetic“to“bšMÞe“p˜erformed“on“shell“v‘ÿdDariables.‘Ð6F‘ÿeor“details,‘…£referŽ¡‘9Ðóto–¦fSection“4.7.3“[Arithmetic“Builtins],“page“26.Ž¦ÞtypesetŽŽ‘9ÐóÝThe–Þtypeset“Ýcommand“is“supplied“for“compatibilitš²!y“with“the“Korn“shell;‘Lcho˜w˜ev˜er,‘0¹itŽ¡‘9Ðóhas–ñubMÞeen“made“obsolete“b²!y“the“Þdeclare“Ýcommand“(see“Section“4.4“[Bash“Builtins],Ž¡‘9Ðópage‘¦f17).ŽŸ7‘ôëE3.3‘™Korn–¦MShell“V‘þ¦fariablesŽŽŸ$YRÞREPLYŽŽ‘9ÐóÝThe–¦fdefault“v‘ÿdDariable“for“the“Þread“Ýbuiltin.Ž¦ÞRANDOMŽŽ‘9ÐóÝEacš²!h–¢gtime“this“parameter“is“referenced,‘ága“random“in˜teger“is“generated.‘ÑáAssigning“aŽ¡‘9Ðóv›ÿdDalue–¦fto“this“v˜ariable“seeds“the“random“n•²!um“bMÞer‘¦fgenerator.Ž¦ÞSECONDSŽŽ‘9ÐóÝThis–âËv‘ÿdDariable“expands“to“the“n•²!um“bMÞer–âËof“seconds“since“the“shell“wš²!as“started.‘œªAssignmen˜tŽ¡‘9Ðóto–ßthis“v›ÿdDariable“resets“the“coun²!t“to“the“v˜alue“assigned,‘5-and“the“expanded“v˜alue“bMÞecomesŽ¡‘9Ðóthe–¦fv‘ÿdDalue“assigned“plus“the“n•²!um“bMÞer–¦fof“seconds“since“the“assignmen²!t.Ž¦ÞPS3ŽŽ‘9ÐóÝThe–¦fv›ÿdDalue“of“this“v˜ariable“is“used“as“the“prompt“for“the“Þselect“Ýcommand.Ž¦ÞPS4ŽŽ‘9ÐóÝThis–Çis“the“prompt“prinš²!ted“bMÞefore“the“command“line“is“ec˜hoMÞed“when“the“Þ-x“Ýoption“isŽ¡‘9Ðóset–¦f(see“Section“4.5“[The“Set“Builtin],“page“20).Ž¦ÞPWDŽŽ‘9ÐóÝThe–¦fcurrenš²!t“w˜orking“directory“as“set“b˜y“the“Þcd“Ýbuiltin.Ž¦ÞOLDPWDŽŽ‘9ÐóÝThe–¦fprevious“wš²!orking“directory“as“set“b˜y“the“Þcd“Ýbuiltin.ŽŽŸŒ‹ Z’ŸòÝChapter–¦f3:‘ÝÝKorn“Shell“St²!yle“F‘ÿeeatures’BK13ŽŽŽ ƒ3Ú ý¨ðÐÞTMOUTŽŽ‘9ÐóÝIf–d4set“to“a“v›ÿdDalue“greater“than“zero,‘qqthe“v˜alue“is“inš²!terpreted“as“the“n˜um˜bMÞer“of“seconds“toŽ¤‘9Ðówš²!ait–\for“input“after“issuing“the“primary“prompt.‘ÅBash“terminates“after“that“n˜um˜bMÞer“ofŽ¡‘9Ðóseconds–¦fif“input“doMÞes“not“arriv²!e.ŽŸ50ëE3.4‘™AliasesŽŽ©!‘ÝThe–„shell“mainš²!tains“a“list“of“áaliases‘÷œÝthat“ma˜y“bMÞe“set“and“unset“with“the“Þalias“Ýand“ÞunaliasŽ¡Ýbuiltin‘¦fcommands.Ž¦‘The–f— rst“wš²!ord“of“eac˜h“command,›–£if“unquoted,˜is“c•²!hec“k“ed–f—to“see“if“it“has“an“alias.‘qIf“so,˜thatŽ¡wš²!ord–`is“replaced“b˜y“the“text“of“the“alias.‘°1The“alias“name“and“the“replacemen˜t“text“ma˜y“con˜tain“an˜yŽ¡v‘ÿdDalid– 3shell“input,›!æincluding“shell“metac²!haracters,˜with“the“exception“that“the“alias“name“ma²!y“notŽ¡conš²!tain–µÞ=Ý.‘ °The“ rst“w˜ord“of“the“replacemen˜t“text“is“tested“for“aliases,‘¸¨but“a“w˜ord“that“is“iden˜ticalŽ¡to–÷an“alias“bMÞeing“expanded“is“not“expanded“a“second“time.‘)This“means“that“one“ma²!y“alias“Þls“ÝtoŽ¡Þ"ls‘¦f-F"Ý,–‹Œfor›]¸instance,“and˜Bash˜doMÞes˜not˜try˜to˜recursiv•²!ely˜expand˜the˜replacemen“t˜text.‘ÒIf˜theŽ¡last–`Þcš²!haracter“of“the“alias“v‘ÿdDalue“is“a“space“or“tab“c˜haracter,‘nÆthen“the“next“command“w˜ord“follo˜wingŽ¡the–¦falias“is“also“c•²!hec“k“ed–¦ffor“alias“expansion.Ž¦‘Aliases–Uare“created“and“listed“with“the“Þalias“Ýcommand,‘*Ðand“remo•²!v“ed–Uwith“the“Þunalias“Ýcom-Ž¡mand.Ž¦‘There–Kþis“no“mecš²!hanism“for“using“argumen˜ts“in“the“replacemen˜t“text,‘udas“in“ÞcshÝ.‘Î¥If“argumen˜tsŽ¡are–¦fneeded,“a“shell“function“should“bMÞe“used.Ž¦‘Aliases–¦fare“not“expanded“when“the“shell“is“not“in•²!teractiv“e.Ž¦‘The–³\rules“concerning“the“de nition“and“use“of“aliases“are“somewhat“confusing.‘ŒÚBash“alw•²!a“ys‘³\readsŽ¡at–vleast“one“complete“line“of“input“bMÞefore“executing“an²!y“of“the“commands“on“that“line.‘ÖAliases“areŽ¡expanded–­$when“a“command“is“read,›Þþnot“when“it“is“executed.‘ŠÇTherefore,˜an“alias“de nition“appMÞearingŽ¡on–ZÊthe“same“line“as“another“command“doMÞes“not“takš²!e“e ect“un˜til“the“next“line“of“input“is“read.‘Ä©ThisŽ¡means–Eˆthat“the“commands“folloš²!wing“the“alias“de nition“on“that“line“are“not“a ected“b˜y“the“newŽ¡alias.›™õThis–åbMÞeha²!vior“is“also“an“issue“when“functions“are“executed.˜Aliases“are“expanded“when“theŽ¡function–Wýde nition“is“read,›g¬not“when“the“function“is“executed,˜bMÞecause“a“function“de nition“is“itselfŽ¡a–UôcompMÞound“command.‘à As“a“consequence,‘f aliases“de ned“in“a“function“are“not“aš²!v‘ÿdDailable“un˜til“afterŽ¡that–*‘function“is“executed.‘j^T‘ÿeo“bMÞe“safe,›Kœalw•²!a“ys–*‘put“alias“de nitions“on“a“separate“line,˜and“do“notŽ¡use–¦fÞalias“Ýin“compMÞound“commands.Ž¦‘Note–¦fthat“for“almost“ev²!ery“purpšMÞose,“aliases“are“sup˜erseded“b²!y“shell“functions.ŽŽŸŒ‹fâŸòÝ14’‡ ¹Bash‘¦fF‘ÿeeaturesŽŽŽ ƒ3Ú ý¨ðÐëM3.4.1‘d(Alias‘¦MBuiltinsŽŽŸ$ÞaliasŽŽŽ¤‘V¹Halias›¿ª[áname–Þ[=áv‘ÿdDalue“Þ]˜...]Ž©‘9ÐóÝWithout›Ãargumen•²!ts,‘ÊAprin“t˜the˜list˜of˜aliases˜on˜the˜standard˜output.‘3ëIf˜argumen“ts˜areŽ¡‘9Ðósupplied,‘;an–ÿÝalias“is“de ned“for“eac²!h“áname›œäÝwhose“áv‘ÿdDalue˜Ýis“giv²!en.‘êBIf“no“áv‘ÿdDalue˜Ýis“giv²!en,Ž¡‘9Ðóthe–¦fname“and“v‘ÿdDalue“of“the“alias“is“prin²!ted.ŽŸÞunaliasŽŽŽ¡‘V¹Hunalias–¿ª[-a]“[áname‘\±Þ...“]Ž¦‘9ÐóÝRemo•²!v“e›¦feac“h˜áname‘CmÝfrom˜the˜list˜of˜aliases.‘ÝÝIf˜Þ-a˜Ýis˜supplied,˜all˜aliases˜are˜remo“v“ed.ŽŽŸŒ‹rˆŸòÝChapter–¦f4:‘ÝÝBash“SpMÞeci c“F‘ÿeeatures’'Hê15ŽŽŽ ƒ3Ú ý¨ðÐè4‘ ¸QBash–¦MSp‘Š=eci c“F‘þaGeaturesŽŽŸ,Ò"‘ÝThis–¦fsection“describMÞes“the“features“unique“to“Bash.ŽŸ5Ò"ëE4.1‘™In•ŒÌv“oking‘¦MBashŽŽŸ!‘ÝIn–.addition“to“the“single-c²!haracter“shell“command-line“options“(see“Section“4.5“[The“Set“Builtin],Ž¤page–E20),‘9½there“are“sevš²!eral“m˜ulti-c˜haracter“options“that“y˜ou“can“use.‘?zThese“options“m˜ust“appMÞearŽ¡on–¦fthe“command“line“bšMÞefore“the“single-c²!haracter“options“to“b˜e“recognized.ŽŸ#ôˆÞ-norcŽŽ‘9ÐóÝDon't– ,read“the“`Þ~/.bashrcÝ'“initialization“ le“in“an“in•²!teractiv“e– ,shell.‘ .This“is“on“b²!yŽ¡‘9Ðódefault–¦fif“the“shell“is“in•²!v“ok“ed–¦fas“ÞshÝ.Ž©ôˆÞ-rcfile‘¦fá lenameŽ¡‘9ÐóÝExecute–¦fcommands“from“á lename‘CmÝ(instead“of“`Þ~/.bashrcÝ')“in“an“in•²!teractiv“e‘¦fshell.Ž¦Þ-noprofileŽ¡‘9ÐóÝDon't–Cload“the“system-wide“startup“ le“`Þ/etc/profileÝ'“or“an²!y“of“the“pMÞersonal“ini-Ž¡‘9Ðótialization–ÆJ les“`Þ~/.bash_profileÝ',–C`Þ~/.bash_loginÝ',“or–ÆJ`Þ~/.profileÝ'“when“bash“isŽ¡‘9Ðóin•²!v“ok“ed–¦fas“a“login“shell.Ž¤éÞ-versionŽŽ‘9ÐóÝDisplaš²!y–¦fthe“v˜ersion“n˜um˜bMÞer“of“this“shell.Ž¡Þ-loginŽŽ‘9ÐóÝMakš²!e–Böthis“shell“act“as“if“it“w˜ere“directly“in˜v˜ok˜ed“from“login.‘¼¸This“is“equiv‘ÿdDalen˜t“to“`ÞexecŽ¤‘9Ðó-‘¦fbashÝ'–U¢but“can“bMÞe“issued“from“another“shell,‘qsucš²!h“as“ÞcshÝ.‘ë‘If“y˜ou“w˜an˜ted“to“replaceŽ¡‘9Ðóy•²!our›¦fcurren“t˜login˜shell˜with˜a˜Bash˜login˜shell,˜y“ou˜w“ould˜sa“y˜`Þexec˜bash˜-loginÝ'.Ž¦Þ-nobraceexpansionŽ¡‘9ÐóÝDo–¦fnot“pMÞerform“curly“brace“expansion“(see“Section“2.2“[Brace“Expansion],“page“7).Ž¦Þ-nolineeditingŽ¡‘9ÐóÝDo–Á¬“use“the“GNU‘ÀìReadline“library“(see“Chapter“7“[Command“Line“Editing],‘îÿpage“37)Ž¡‘9Ðóto–¦fread“in•²!teractiv“e–¦fcommand“lines.ŽŸéÞ-posixŽŽ‘9ÐóÝChange–MÛthe“bšMÞeha²!vior“of“Bash“where“the“default“op˜eration“di ers“from“the“P²!osix“1003.2Ž¡‘9Ðóstandard–²¤to“matcš²!h“the“standard.‘–This“is“in˜tended“to“mak˜e“Bash“bMÞeha˜v˜e“as“a“strictŽ¡‘9ÐósupMÞerset–¦fof“that“standard.Ž©#ôˆ‘There–¡¶are“sevš²!eral“single-c˜haracter“options“y˜ou“can“giv˜e“whic˜h“are“not“a˜v‘ÿdDailable“with“the“ÞsetŽ¡Ýbuiltin.Ž¦Þ-c‘¦fástringŽŽ‘9ÐóÝRead–¦fand“execute“commands“from“ástring‘–~Ýafter“proMÞcessing“the“options,“then“exit.ŽŽŸŒ‹u#ŸòÝ16’‡ ¹Bash‘¦fF‘ÿeeaturesŽŽŽ ƒ3Ú ý¨ðÐÞ-iŽŽ‘9ÐóÝF›ÿeorce–¦fthe“shell“to“run“in•²!teractiv“ely˜.ŽŸèÞ-sŽŽ‘9ÐóÝIf–²this“ ag“is“presenš²!t,‘âæor“if“no“argumen˜ts“remain“after“option“proMÞcessing,‘âæthen“commandsŽ¤‘9Ðóare–Þ read“from“the“standard“input.‘„ÇThis“option“allo²!ws“the“pšMÞositional“parameters“to“b˜eŽ¡‘9Ðóset–¦fwhen“in•²!v“oking–¦fan“in•²!teractiv“e‘¦fshell.ŽŸ'è‘An›üëáin•²!teractiv“e‘™òÝshell˜is˜one˜whose˜input˜and˜output˜are˜bMÞoth˜connected˜to˜terminals˜(as˜deter-Ž¡mined–¦fb²!y“Þisatty()Ý),“or“one“started“with“the“Þ-i“Ýoption.ŽŸF˜ëE4.2‘™Bash–¦MStartup“FilesŽŽŸ"Çô‘ÝWhen–¦fand“ho²!w“Bash“executes“startup“ les.ŽŸÇô‘èUÞFor–¿ªLogin“shells“(subject“to“the“-noprofile“option):Ž¤‘3æýOn–¿ªlogging“in:Ž© ‘E%ûIf–¿ª`/etc/profile'“exists,“then“source“it.Ž¡‘E%ûIf–¿ª`~/.bash_profile'“exists,“then“source“it,Ž¦‘Vdùelse–¿ªif“`~/.bash_login'“exists,“then“source“it,Ž¦‘g£÷else–¿ªif“`~/.profile'“exists,“then“source“it.Ž¡‘3æýOn–¿ªlogging“out:Ž¦‘E%ûIf–¿ª`~/.bash_logout'“exists,“source“it.Ž¡‘èUFor–¿ªnon-login“interactive“shells“(subject“to“the“-norc“and“-rcfile“options):Ž¦‘3æýOn–¿ªstarting“up:Ž¦‘E%ûIf–¿ª`~/.bashrc'“exists,“then“source“it.Ž¡‘èUFor–¿ªnon-interactive“shells:Ž¦‘3æýOn–¿ªstarting“up:Ž¦‘E%ûIf–¿ªthe“environment“variable“ENV“is“non-null,“expand“theŽ¦‘E%ûvariable–¿ªand“source“the“file“named“by“the“value.‘ TIf“Bash“isŽ¦‘E%ûnot–¿ªstarted“in“Posix“mode,“it“looks“for“BASH_ENV“beforeŽ¦‘E%ûENV.Ž¤"Çô‘ÝSo,–¦ftš²!ypically‘ÿe,“y˜our“Þ~/.bash_profile“Ýcon˜tains“the“lineŽŸÇô‘èUÞif–¿ª[“-f“~/.bashrc“];“then“source“~/.bashrc;“fiŽ¡Ýafter–¦f(or“bšMÞefore)“an²!y“login“sp˜eci c“initializations.ŽŽŸŒ‹~kŸòÝChapter–¦f4:‘ÝÝBash“SpMÞeci c“F‘ÿeeatures’'Hê17ŽŽŽ ƒ3Ú ý¨ðБIf–¼¾Bash“is“in•²!v“ok“ed–¼¾as“ÞshÝ,‘ÂTit“tries“to“mimic“the“bšMÞeha²!vior“of“Þsh“Ýas“closely“as“p˜ossible.‘ åF‘ÿeor“a“loginŽ¤shell,›iIf“ÞHISTCMDŽ¡‘9ÐóÝis–¦funset,“it“loses“its“spšMÞecial“prop˜erties,“evš²!en“if“it“is“subsequen˜tly“reset.Ž¦Þhostname_completion_fileŽ¡HOSTFILEŽŽ‘9ÐóÝCon²!tains–CËthe“name“of“a“ le“in“the“same“format“as“`Þ/etc/hostsÝ'“that“should“bMÞe“readŽ¡‘9Ðówhen–O¹the“shell“needs“to“complete“a“hostname.‘ÙÖY‘ÿeou“can“cš²!hange“the“ le“in˜teractiv˜ely;Ž¡‘9Ðóthe–±¹next“time“yš²!ou“attempt“to“complete“a“hostname,‘´ŽBash“will“add“the“con˜ten˜ts“of“theŽ¡‘9Ðónew–¦f le“to“the“already“existing“database.Ž¦ÞMAILCHECKŽ¡‘9ÐóÝHoš²!w–ã'often“(in“seconds)“that“the“shell“should“c˜hec˜k“for“mail“in“the“ les“spMÞeci ed“inŽ¡‘9ÐóÞMAILPATHÝ.Ž¦ÞPROMPT_COMMANDŽ¡‘9ÐóÝIf––/presenš²!t,‘™mthis“con˜tains“a“string“whic˜h“is“a“command“to“execute“bMÞefore“the“prin˜ting“ofŽ¡‘9Ðóeac²!h–¦fprimary“prompt“(Þ$PS1Ý).Ž¤»ÞUIDŽŽ‘9ÐóÝThe–¦fnš²!umeric“real“user“id“of“the“curren˜t“user.Ž¡ÞEUIDŽŽ‘9ÐóÝThe–¦fnš²!umeric“e ectiv˜e“user“id“of“the“curren˜t“user.Ž¡ÞHOSTTYPEŽŽ‘9ÐóÝA–¦fstring“describing“the“mac²!hine“Bash“is“running“on.Ž¡ÞOSTYPEŽŽ‘9ÐóÝA–¦fstring“describing“the“opMÞerating“system“Bash“is“running“on.Ž¡ÞFIGNOREŽŽ‘9ÐóÝA›l·colon-separated–lÆlist“of“suxes“to“ignore“when“pMÞerforming“ lename“completion“A˜ leŽ¤‘9Ðóname–+ewhose“sux“matcš²!hes“one“of“the“en˜tries“in“ÞFIGNORE“Ýis“excluded“from“the“list“ofŽ¡‘9Ðómatc²!hed–¦f le“names.‘ÝÝA“sample“v‘ÿdDalue“is“`Þ.o:~Ý'ŽŸ»ÞINPUTRCŽŽ‘9ÐóÝThe–¦fname“of“the“Readline“startup“ le,“o•²!v“erriding–¦fthe“default“of“`Þ~/.inputrcÝ'.ŽŽŸŒ‹¿ËŸòÝ24’‡ ¹Bash‘¦fF‘ÿeeaturesŽŽŽ ƒ3Ú ý¨ðÐÞBASH_VERSIONŽ¤‘9ÐóÝThe–¦fvš²!ersion“n˜um˜bMÞer“of“the“curren˜t“instance“of“Bash.Ž©y]ÞIGNOREEOFŽ¡‘9ÐóÝConš²!trols–Nthe“action“of“the“shell“on“receipt“of“an“ÞEOF“Ýc˜haracter“as“the“sole“input.‘Ñ€If“set,Ž¡‘9Ðóthen–Mçthe“v‘ÿdDalue“of“it“is“the“n•²!um“bMÞer–Mçof“consecutivš²!e“ÞEOF“Ýc˜haracters“that“can“bMÞe“read“asŽ¡‘9Ðóthe–wÅ rst“c²!haracters“on“an“input“line“bMÞefore“the“shell“will“exit.‘ÎRIf“the“v‘ÿdDariable“exists“butŽ¡‘9ÐódoMÞes–°Onot“ha•²!v“e–°Oa“n²!umeric“v›ÿdDalue“(or“has“no“v˜alue)“then“the“default“is“10.‘û˜If“the“v˜ariableŽ¡‘9ÐódoMÞes–U"not“exist,‘ecthen“ÞEOF“Ýsigni es“the“end“of“input“to“the“shell.‘ÂÆThis“is“only“in“e ect“forŽ¡‘9Ðóin•²!teractiv“e‘¦fshells.Ž¦Þno_exit_on_failed_execŽ¡‘9ÐóÝIf–aâthis“v‘ÿdDariable“exists,‘o–the“shell“will“not“exit“in“the“case“that“it“couldn't“execute“the“ leŽ¡‘9ÐóspMÞeci ed–¦fin“the“Þexec“Ýcommand.ŽŸòºÞnolinksŽŽ‘9ÐóÝIf›£4presen•²!t,‘âgsa“ys˜not˜to˜follo“w˜sym“bMÞolic˜links˜when˜doing˜commands˜that˜c“hange˜theŽ¡‘9Ðócurren•²!t›-Ow“orking˜directory‘ÿe.‘ r—By˜default,‘bash˜follo“ws˜the˜logical˜c“hain˜of˜directoriesŽ¡‘9Ðówhen–¦fpMÞerforming“commands“sucš²!h“as“Þcd“Ýwhic˜h“c˜hange“the“curren˜t“directory‘ÿe.Ž¦‘9ÐóF‘ÿeor–¦fexample,“if“`Þ/usr/sysÝ'“is“a“link“to“`Þ/usr/local/sysÝ'“then:ŽŸy]‘V¹HÞ$–¿ªcd“/usr/sys;“echo“$PWDŽ¤ ‘V¹H/usr/sysŽ¡‘V¹H$–¿ªcd“..;“pwdŽ¡‘V¹H/usrŽ¦‘9ÐóÝIf–¦fÞnolinks“Ýexists,“then:ŽŸy]‘V¹HÞ$–¿ªcd“/usr/sys;“echo“$PWDŽ¡‘V¹H/usr/local/sysŽ¡‘V¹H$–¿ªcd“..;“pwdŽ¡‘V¹H/usr/localŽ¦‘9ÐóÝSee– Oalso“the“description“of“the“Þ-P“Ýoption“to“the“Þset“Ýbuiltin,‘ÔºSection“4.5“[The“Set“Builtin],Ž¤‘9Ðópage‘¦f20.ŽŸ3åuëE4.7‘™Shell‘¦MArithmeticŽŽŸ/åuëM4.7.1‘d(Arithmetic‘¦MEv‘ÿ-ÂaluationŽŽ©!‘ÝThe–\eshell“alloš²!ws“arithmetic“expressions“to“bMÞe“ev‘ÿdDaluated,‘k2as“one“of“the“shell“expansions“or“b˜y“theŽ¡Þlet‘¦fÝbuiltin.Ž¦‘Ev‘ÿdDaluation–Ó]is“done“in“long“inš²!tegers“with“no“c˜hec˜k“for“o˜v˜er o˜w,‘Þšthough“division“b˜y“0“is“trappMÞedŽ¡and–ü agged“as“an“error.‘ÞÎThe“follo²!wing“list“of“opšMÞerators“is“group˜ed“inš²!to“lev˜els“of“equal-precedenceŽ¡opMÞerators.‘ÝÝThe–¦flev²!els“are“listed“in“order“of“decreasing“precedence.ŽŽŸŒ‹Ì'ŸòÝChapter–¦f4:‘ÝÝBash“SpMÞeci c“F‘ÿeeatures’'Hê25ŽŽŽ ƒ3Ú ý¨ðÐÞ-‘¦f+ŽŽ‘9ÐóÝunary–¦fmin²!us“and“plusŽ¤)8Þ!‘¦f~ŽŽ‘9ÐóÝlogical–¦fand“bit²!wise“negationŽ¡Þ*–¦f/“%ŽŽ‘9ÐóÝm²!ultiplication,–¦fdivision,“remainderŽ¡Þ+‘¦f-ŽŽ‘9ÐóÝaddition,‘¦fsubtractionŽ¡Þ<<‘¦f>>ŽŽ‘9ÐóÝleft–¦fand“righš²!t“bit˜wise“shiftsŽ¡Þ<=–¦f>=“<“>ŽŽ‘9ÐóÝcomparisonŽ¡Þ==‘¦f!=ŽŽ‘9ÐóÝequalitš²!y–¦fand“inequalit˜yŽ¡Þ&ŽŽ‘9ÐóÝbit²!wise‘¦fANDŽ¡Þ^ŽŽ‘9ÐóÝbit•²!wise›¦fexclusiv“e˜ORŽ¡Þ|ŽŽ‘9ÐóÝbit²!wise‘¦fORŽ¡Þ&&ŽŽ‘9ÐóÝlogical‘¦fANDŽ¡Þ||ŽŽ‘9ÐóÝlogical‘¦fORŽŸœÞ=–¦f*=“/=“%=“+=“-=“<<=“>>=“&=“^=“|=Ž¤‘9ÐóÝassignmen²!tŽŸ$)8‘Shell–3}v‘ÿdDariables“are“allo•²!w“ed–3}as“opšMÞerands;‘YËparameter“expansion“is“p˜erformed“b˜efore“the“expressionŽ¡is– Úev›ÿdDaluated.‘8The“v˜alue“of“a“parameter“is“coMÞerced“to“a“long“in²!teger“within“an“expression.‘8A‘ ¿shellŽ¡v‘ÿdDariable–¦fneed“not“ha•²!v“e–¦fits“in²!teger“attribute“turned“on“to“bMÞe“used“in“an“expression.Ž©!œ‘Constanš²!ts–b§with“a“leading“0“are“in˜terpreted“as“oMÞctal“n˜um˜bMÞers.‘  A‘b5leading“Þ0x“Ýor“Þ0X“ÝdenotesŽ¡hexadecimal.‘žOtherwise,‘ Yn•²!um“bMÞers›çtak“e˜the˜form˜[ábase#]ŠÝ]n,‘ Ywhere˜ábase‘„Ýis˜a˜decimal˜n“um“b•MÞer˜b“et•²!w“eenŽ¡2–dRand“36“represenš²!ting“the“arithmetic“base,‘qŠand“án“Ýis“a“n˜um˜bMÞer“in“that“base.‘Ç×If“ábase‘YÝis“omitted,‘qŠthenŽ¡base–¦f10“is“used.Ž¦‘OpMÞerators–Hare“ev›ÿdDaluated“in“order“of“precedence.‘¼Sub-expressions“in“paren²!theses“are“ev˜aluatedŽ¡ rst–¦fand“maš²!y“o˜v˜erride“the“precedence“rules“abMÞo˜v˜e.ŽŸ2¹~ëM4.7.2‘d(Arithmetic‘¦MExpansionŽŽ¦‘ÝArithmetic–·)expansion“allo²!ws“the“ev‘ÿdDaluation“of“an“arithmetic“expression“and“the“substitution“ofŽ¡the–¦fresult.‘ÝÝThere“are“t•²!w“o–¦fformats“for“arithmetic“expansion:ŽŸœ‘èUÞ$[–¿ªexpression“]ŽŸ ‘èU$((–¿ªexpression“))ŽŽŸŒ‹Õ%ŸòÝ26’‡ ¹Bash‘¦fF‘ÿeeaturesŽŽŽ ƒ3Ú ý¨ðБThe– expression“is“treated“as“if“it“w²!ere“within“double“quotes,‘)abut“a“double“quote“inside“the“bracesŽ¤or–¬parenš²!theses“is“not“treated“spMÞecially‘ÿe.‘îøAll“tok˜ens“in“the“expression“undergo“parameter“expansion,Ž¡command–¦fsubstitution,“and“quote“remoš²!v‘ÿdDal.‘ÝÝArithmetic“substitutions“ma˜y“bMÞe“nested.Ž©!8‘‘The– wev‘ÿdDaluation“is“pšMÞerformed“according“to“the“rules“listed“ab˜o•²!v“e.‘ÌIf– wthe“expression“is“in²!v‘ÿdDalid,Ž¡Bash–¦fprin²!ts“a“message“indicating“failure“and“no“substitution“oMÞccurs.ŽŸ3ýëM4.7.3‘d(Arithmetic‘¦MBuiltinsŽŽŸ$q"ÞletŽŽŽŸ8‘‘V¹Hlet–¿ªáexpression“Þ[áexpressionÞ]ŽŸ8‘‘9ÐóÝThe–´÷Þlet“Ýbuiltin“allo²!ws“arithmetic“to“bšMÞe“p˜erformed“on“shell“v‘ÿdDariables.‘ Eac²!h“áexpressionŽ¡‘9ÐóÝis–*ev›ÿdDaluated“according“to“the“rules“giv²!en“previously“(see“Section“4.7.1“[Arithmetic“Ev˜al-Ž¡‘9Ðóuation],›hpage–AY24).‘®¶If“the“last“áexpression“Ýev‘ÿdDaluates“to“0,˜Þlet“Ýreturns“1;‘ŽÒotherwise“0“isŽ¡‘9Ðóreturned.ŽŸ7ýëE4.8‘™ConŒÌtrolling–¦Mthe“PromptŽŽ¦‘ÝThe–ív›ÿdDalue“of“the“v˜ariable“Þ$PROMPT_COMMAND“Ýis“examined“just“bMÞefore“Bash“prinš²!ts“eac˜h“primaryŽ¡prompt.‘ÊkIf–Ÿëit“is“set“and“non-nš²!ull,‘ÞKthen“the“v‘ÿdDalue“is“executed“just“as“if“y˜ou“had“t˜ypMÞed“it“on“theŽ¡command‘¦fline.Ž¦‘In–‡qaddition,‘¿´the“follo²!wing“table“describšMÞes“the“sp˜ecial“cš²!haracters“whic˜h“can“appMÞear“in“the“ÞPS1Ž¡Ýv‘ÿdDariable:ŽŸ$q"Þ\tŽŽ‘9ÐóÝthe–¦ftime,“in“HH:MM:SS“format.Ž¤q"Þ\dŽŽ‘9ÐóÝthe–¦fdate,“in“Þ"ÝW‘ÿeeekdaš²!y“Mon˜th“DateÞ"“Ýformat“(e.g.‘ÝÝÞ"ÝT‘ÿeue“Ma˜y“26Þ"Ý).Ž¡Þ\nŽŽ‘9ÐóÝnewline.Ž¡Þ\sŽŽ‘9ÐóÝthe–¦fname“of“the“shell,“the“basename“of“Þ$0“Ý(the“pMÞortion“follo²!wing“the“ nal“slash).Ž¡Þ\wŽŽ‘9ÐóÝthe–¦fcurrenš²!t“w˜orking“directory‘ÿe.Ž¡Þ\WŽŽ‘9ÐóÝthe–¦fbasename“of“Þ$PWDÝ.Ž¡Þ\uŽŽ‘9ÐóÝy²!our‘¦fusername.Ž¡Þ\hŽŽ‘9ÐóÝthe‘¦fhostname.ŽŽŸŒ‹ܳŸòÝChapter–¦f4:‘ÝÝBash“SpMÞeci c“F‘ÿeeatures’'Hê27ŽŽŽ ƒ3Ú ý¨ðÐÞ\#ŽŽ‘9ÐóÝthe–¦fcommand“n•²!um“bMÞer–¦fof“this“command.Ž¤Þ\!ŽŽ‘9ÐóÝthe–¦fhistory“n•²!um“bMÞer–¦fof“this“command.Ž¡Þ\nnnŽŽ‘9ÐóÝthe–¦fc²!haracter“correspšMÞonding“to“the“o˜ctal“n•²!um“b˜er‘¦fÞnnnÝ.Ž¡Þ\$ŽŽ‘9ÐóÝif–¦fthe“e ectiv²!e“uid“is“0,“Þ#Ý,“otherwise“Þ$Ý.Ž¡Þ\\ŽŽ‘9ÐóÝa‘¦fbac²!kslash.Ž¡Þ\[ŽŽ‘9ÐóÝbMÞegin–ôáa“sequence“of“non-prinš²!ting“c˜haracters.‘ÉNThis“could“bMÞe“used“to“em˜bMÞed“a“terminalŽŸ‘9Ðóconš²!trol–¦fsequence“in˜to“the“prompt.Ž¡Þ\]ŽŽ‘9ÐóÝend–¦fa“sequence“of“non-prinš²!ting“c˜haracters.ŽŽŸŒ‹äwŸòÝ28’‡ ¹Bash‘¦fF‘ÿeeaturesŽŽŽ ƒ3ÚŸŒ‹çŸòÝChapter–¦f5:‘ÝÝJob“Con²!trol’Y¿29ŽŽŽ ƒ3Ú ý¨ðÐè5‘ ¸QJob‘¦MCon‘ÿuÂtrolŽŽŸ2Ì‘ÝThis–Íícš²!hapter“disusses“what“job“con˜trol“is,‘×Ïho˜w“it“w˜orks,‘×Ïand“ho˜w“Bash“allo˜ws“y˜ou“to“access“itsŽ¤facilities.ŽŸ?ÖëE5.1‘™Job–¦MConŒÌtrol“BasicsŽŽ©"‘ÝJob–Ðmconš²!trol“refers“to“the“abilit˜y“to“selectiv˜ely“stop“(suspšMÞend)“the“execution“of“pro˜cesses“andŽ¡con•²!tin“ue–ŒW(resume)“their“execution“at“a“later“pMÞoinš²!t.‘°A‘Œuser“t˜ypically“emplo˜ys“this“facilit˜y“via“anŽ¡in•²!teractiv“e›¦fin“terface˜supplied˜join“tly˜b“y˜the˜system's˜terminal˜driv“er˜and˜Bash.Ž¦‘The–+=shell“assošMÞciates“a“ájob‘hãÝwith“eac²!h“pip˜eline.‘ laIt“kš²!eeps“a“table“of“curren˜tly“executing“jobs,Ž¡whic•²!h›Ϫma“y˜bMÞe˜listed˜with˜the˜Þjobs˜Ýcommand.‘Y¨When˜Bash˜starts˜a˜job˜async“hronously˜(in˜theŽ¡bacš²!kground),–¦fit“prin˜ts“a“line“that“loMÞoks“lik˜e:ŽŸ‘èUÞ[1]‘¿ª25647Ž¦‘Ýindicating–ÐÓthat“this“job“is“job“n•²!um“bšMÞer–ÐÓ1“and“that“the“pro˜cess“ID‘Ðof“the“last“pro˜cess“in“the“pip˜elineŽ¡assošMÞciated–umwith“this“job“is“25647.‘ÍŠAll“of“the“pro˜cesses“in“a“single“pip˜eline“are“mem²!b˜ers“of“the“sameŽ¡job.‘ÝÝBash–¦fuses“the“ájob‘ä Ýabstraction“as“the“basis“for“job“con²!trol.Ž¦‘T‘ÿeo–ý½facilitate“the“implemenš²!tation“of“the“user“in˜terface“to“job“con˜trol,‘’the“system“main˜tains“theŽ¡notion–›of“a“currenš²!t“terminal“proMÞcess“group“ID.“Mem˜bšMÞers“of“this“pro˜cess“group“(pro˜cesses“whoseŽ¡prošMÞcess–†qgroup“ID‘†7is“equal“to“the“curren²!t“terminal“pro˜cess“group“ID)‘†7receivš²!e“k˜eybMÞoard-generatedŽ¡signals–Øsuc²!h“as“ÞSIGINTÝ.‘«XThese“prošMÞcesses“are“said“to“b˜e“in“the“foreground.‘«XBac²!kground“pro˜cesses“areŽ¡those–•Þwhose“prošMÞcess“group“ID‘•Údi ers“from“the“terminal's;‘›asuc²!h“pro˜cesses“are“immš²!une“to“k˜eybMÞoard-Ž¡generated–t½signals.‘HâOnly“foreground“proMÞcesses“are“allo•²!w“ed–t½to“read“from“or“write“to“the“terminal.Ž¡Bacš²!kground–1ÚproMÞcesses“whic˜h“attempt“to“read“from“(write“to)“the“terminal“are“sen˜t“a“ÞSIGTTINŽ¡Ý(ÞSIGTTOUÝ)–¦fsignal“bš²!y“the“terminal“driv˜er,“whic˜h,“unless“caugh˜t,“suspšMÞends“the“pro˜cess.Ž¦‘If–½Íthe“opšMÞerating“system“on“whic²!h“Bash“is“running“supp˜orts“job“conš²!trol,‘æBash“allo˜ws“y˜ou“to“useŽ¡it.‘Ö„Tš²!yping–[the“ásuspMÞend‘þ­Ýc˜haracter“(t˜ypically“`Þ^ZÝ',‘”ÄCon˜trol-Z)‘Vwhile“a“proMÞcess“is“running“causes“thatŽ¡prošMÞcess– to“b˜e“stopp˜ed“and“returns“yš²!ou“to“Bash.‘ [T˜yping“the“ádela˜y˜ed“suspMÞend‘xâÝc˜haracter“(t˜ypicallyŽ¡`Þ^YÝ',‘"Con²!trol-Y)‘ïbcauses–ï‘the“prošMÞcess“to“b˜e“stopp˜ed“when“it“attempts“to“read“input“from“the“terminal,Ž¡and–ëœconš²!trol“to“bMÞe“returned“to“Bash.‘­Y‘ÿeou“ma˜y“then“manipulate“the“state“of“this“job,‘üéusing“the“ÞbgŽ¡Ýcommand– qto“con•²!tin“ue– qit“in“the“bacš²!kground,‘#sthe“Þfg“Ýcommand“to“con˜tin˜ue“it“in“the“foreground,‘#sorŽŽŸŒ‹çuŸòÝ30’‡ ¹Bash‘¦fF‘ÿeeaturesŽŽŽ ƒ3Ú ý¨ðÐthe–¼>Þkill“Ýcommand“to“kill“it.‘eA‘¼8`Þ^ZÝ'“tak²!es“e ect“immediately‘ÿe,‘Á´and“has“the“additional“side“e ect“ofŽ¤causing–¦fpšMÞending“output“and“t²!yp˜eahead“to“b˜e“discarded.Ž©!‘There–H¿are“a“n•²!um“bMÞer–H¿of“w•²!a“ys–H¿to“refer“to“a“job“in“the“shell.‘ÄéThe“cš²!haracter“`Þ%Ý'“in˜troMÞduces“a“jobŽ¡name.‘ÁãJob›Rvn•²!um“bMÞer˜Þn˜Ýma“y˜bMÞe˜referred˜to˜as˜`Þ%nÝ'.‘ÁãA‘Rajob˜ma“y˜also˜bMÞe˜referred˜to˜using˜a˜pre x˜of˜theŽ¡name–pused“to“start“it,›²or“using“a“substring“that“appMÞears“in“its“command“line.‘ôúF‘ÿeor“example,˜`Þ%ceÝ'Ž¡refers–zAto“a“stoppMÞed“Þce“Ýjob.‘Ï&Using“`Þ%?ceÝ',›ƒon“the“other“hand,˜refers“to“anš²!y“job“con˜taining“the“stringŽ¡`ÞceÝ'–5/in“its“command“line.‘Š8If“the“pre x“or“substring“matc²!hes“more“than“one“job,‘XáBash“repMÞorts“anŽ¡error.‘×þThe–”Êsymš²!bMÞols“`Þ%%Ý'“and“`Þ%+Ý'“refer“to“the“shell's“notion“of“the“curren˜t“job,‘˜Pwhic˜h“is“the“last“jobŽ¡stoppMÞed–»while“it“wš²!as“in“the“foreground.‘ÁThe“previous“job“ma˜y“bMÞe“referenced“using“`Þ%-Ý'.‘ÁIn“outputŽ¡pMÞertaining–ÞŽto“jobs“(e.g.,›ì˜the“output“of“the“Þjobs“Ýcommand),˜the“currenš²!t“job“is“alw˜a˜ys“ agged“withŽ¡a–¦f`Þ+Ý',“and“the“previous“job“with“a“`Þ-Ý'.Ž¦‘Simply–ª“naming“a“job“can“bMÞe“used“to“bring“it“inš²!to“the“foreground:‘æ6`Þ%1Ý'“is“a“synon˜ym“for“`ÞfgŽ¡%1Ý'–¥^bringing“job“1“from“the“bacš²!kground“in˜to“the“foreground.‘Ý…Similarly‘ÿe,‘¥“`Þ%1‘¦f&Ý'“resumes“job“1“in“theŽ¡bac•²!kground,›¦fequiv‘ÿdDalen“t˜to˜`Þbg˜%1Ý'Ž¦‘The–Ÿshell“learns“immediately“whenevš²!er“a“job“c˜hanges“state.‘ǶNormally‘ÿe,‘Ý+Bash“w˜aits“un˜til“it“isŽ¡abšMÞout–t6to“prin²!t“a“prompt“b˜efore“rep˜orting“cš²!hanges“in“a“job's“status“so“as“to“not“in˜terrupt“an˜y“otherŽ¡output.‘If–¹Ðthe“the“Þ-b“Ýoption“to“the“Þset“Ýbuiltin“is“set,‘¾«Bash“repMÞorts“sucš²!h“c˜hanges“immediately“(seeŽ¡Section–¦f4.5“[The“Set“Builtin],“page“20).‘ÝÝThis“feature“is“also“conš²!trolled“b˜y“the“v‘ÿdDariable“ÞnotifyÝ.Ž¦‘If–Ç¿yš²!ou“attempt“to“exit“bash“while“jobs“are“stoppMÞed,‘the“shell“prin˜ts“a“message“w˜arning“y˜ou.Ž¡Y‘ÿeou–,maš²!y“then“use“the“Þjobs“Ýcommand“to“inspMÞect“their“status.‘ë/If“y˜ou“do“this,‘or“try“to“exit“againŽ¡immediately‘ÿe,–¦fyš²!ou“are“not“w˜arned“again,“and“the“stoppMÞed“jobs“are“terminated.ŽŸ5µçëE5.2‘™Job–¦MConŒÌtrol“BuiltinsŽŽŸ#ízÞbgŽŽŽ©íz‘V¹Hbg‘¿ª[ájobspMÞec‘ªÞ]ŽŸíz‘9ÐóÝPlace–“ ájobspMÞec‘=¤Ýinš²!to“the“bac˜kground,‘—aas“if“it“had“bšMÞeen“started“with“`Þ&Ý'.‘×›If“ájobsp˜ec‘=¤Ýis“notŽ¡‘9Ðósupplied,–¦fthe“curren²!t“job“is“used.ŽŸÚôÞfgŽŽŽ¦‘V¹Hfg‘¿ª[ájobspMÞec‘ªÞ]ŽŸíz‘9ÐóÝBring–búájobspMÞec‘ þÝinš²!to“the“foreground“and“mak˜e“it“the“curren˜t“job.‘ ˜If“ájobspMÞec‘ þÝis“notŽ¡‘9Ðósupplied,–¦fthe“curren²!t“job“is“used.ŽŸÚôÞjobsŽŽŽŽŸŒ‹òñŸòÝChapter–¦f5:‘ÝÝJob“Con²!trol’Y¿31ŽŽŽ ƒ3Ú ý¨ðБV¹HÞjobs–¿ª[-lpn]“[ájobspMÞec‘ªÞ]ŽŸ ‘V¹Hjobs–¿ª-x“ácommand‘-üÞ[ájobspMÞec‘ªÞ]Ž©‘9ÐóÝThe–Õ¢ rst“form“lists“the“activ²!e“jobs.‘kThe“Þ-l“Ýoption“lists“proMÞcess“IDs“in“addition“to“theŽ¤‘9Ðónormal–ÇBinformation;‘×°the“Þ-p“Ýoption“lists“only“the“prošMÞcess“ID‘Ç9of“the“job's“pro˜cess“groupŽ¡‘9Ðóleader.‘ÃCThe–V™Þ-n“Ýoption“displaš²!ys“only“jobs“that“ha˜v˜e“c˜hanged“status“since“last“not ed.‘ÃCIfŽ¡‘9ÐóájobspšMÞec‘­ŸÝis–›giv²!en,‘èoutput“is“restricted“to“information“ab˜out“that“job.‘õ{If“ájobsp˜ec‘­ŸÝis“notŽ¡‘9Ðósupplied,–¦fthe“status“of“all“jobs“is“listed.Ž¦‘9ÐóIf–ñòthe“Þ-x“Ýoption“is“supplied,‘ Þjobs“Ýreplaces“anš²!y“ájobspMÞec‘›öÝfound“in“ácommand‘`DÝor“áargumen˜tsŽ¡‘9ÐóÝwith–«the“correspšMÞonding“pro˜cess“group“ID,“and“executes“ácommandÝ,‘ÝLpassing“it“áargumen²!t=Ýs,Ž¡‘9Ðóreturning–¦fits“exit“status.ŽŸÞsuspendŽŽŽ¡‘V¹Hsuspend‘¿ª[-f]Ž¦‘9ÐóÝSuspMÞend–*bthe“execution“of“this“shell“unš²!til“it“receiv˜es“a“ÞSIGCONT“Ýsignal.‘iÑThe“Þ-f“ÝoptionŽ¡‘9Ðómeans–¦fto“suspMÞend“ev²!en“if“the“shell“is“a“login“shell.ŽŸ$‘When–¦fjob“conš²!trol“is“activ˜e,“the“Þkill“Ýand“Þwait“Ýbuiltins“also“accept“ájobspMÞec‘PjÝargumen˜ts.ŽŸ6ëE5.3‘™Job–¦MConŒÌtrol“V‘þ¦fariablesŽŽŸ!Þauto_resumeŽ¡‘9ÐóÝThis–°5v‘ÿdDariable“conš²!trols“ho˜w“the“shell“in˜teracts“with“the“user“and“job“con˜trol.‘ûJIf“thisŽ¡‘9Ðóv‘ÿdDariable–Xtexists“then“single“w²!ord“simple“commands“without“redirects“are“treated“asŽ¡‘9Ðócandidates–“›for“resumption“of“an“existing“job.‘¥|There“is“no“am•²!biguit“y›“›allo“w“ed;‘ 5if˜y“ouŽ¡‘9Ðóha•²!v“e–Ÿ§more“than“one“job“bMÞeginning“with“the“string“that“yš²!ou“ha˜v˜e“t˜ypMÞed,‘¡then“the“mostŽ¡‘9Ðórecen²!tly–#accessed“job“will“bšMÞe“selected.‘SÞThe“name“of“a“stopp˜ed“job,›B;in“this“con²!text,˜isŽ¡‘9Ðóthe–”¢command“line“used“to“start“it.‘×ñIf“this“v›ÿdDariable“is“set“to“the“v˜alue“ÞexactÝ,‘˜0the“stringŽ¡‘9Ðósupplied–+?mš²!ust“matc˜h“the“name“of“a“stoppMÞed“job“exactly;‘TLif“set“to“ÞsubstringÝ,‘Càthe“stringŽ¡‘9Ðósupplied–šQneeds“to“matc²!h“a“substring“of“the“name“of“a“stoppMÞed“job.‘¹žThe“ÞsubstringŽ¡‘9ÐóÝv‘ÿdDalue–Uiproš²!vides“functionalit˜y“analogous“to“the“Þ%?“Ýjob“id“(see“Section“5.1“[Job“Con˜trolŽ¡‘9ÐóBasics],›3¿page–z29).‘1If“set“to“an²!y“other“v‘ÿdDalue,˜the“supplied“string“m²!ust“bMÞe“a“pre x“of“aŽ¡‘9ÐóstoppMÞed–¦fjob's“name;“this“proš²!vides“functionalit˜y“analogous“to“the“Þ%“Ýjob“id.ŽŸÞnotifyŽŽ‘9ÐóÝSetting–,7this“v›ÿdDariable“to“a“v˜alue“is“equiv˜alen²!t“to“`Þset‘¦f-bÝ';‘o unsetting“it“is“equiv˜alen²!t“toŽ¡‘9Ðó`Þset–¦f+bÝ'“(see“Section“4.5“[The“Set“Builtin],“page“20).ŽŽŸŒ‹ þAŸòÝ32’‡ ¹Bash‘¦fF‘ÿeeaturesŽŽŽ ƒ3ÚŸŒ‹! ŸòÝChapter–¦f6:‘ÝÝUsing“History“In•²!teractiv“ely’ Ù33ŽŽŽ ƒ3Ú ý¨ðÐè6‘ ¸QUsing–¦MHistory“In–ÿuÂteractiv“elyŽŽŸ)Bš‘ÝThis–ÑÁcš²!hapter“describMÞes“ho˜w“to“use“the“GNU‘ѶHistory“Library“in˜teractiv˜ely‘ÿe,‘Ü—from“a“user's“stand-Ž¤pšMÞoin²!t.‘h+It–Ô€should“b˜e“considered“a“user's“guide.‘h+F‘ÿeor“information“on“using“the“GNU‘ÔtHistory“LibraryŽ¡in–¦fyš²!our“o˜wn“programs,“see“the“GNU“Readline“Library“Man˜ual.ŽŸ2BšëE6.1‘™History‘¦MInŒÌteractionŽŽ©!‘ÝThe–G History“library“pro²!vides“a“history“expansion“feature“that“is“similar“to“the“history“expan-Ž¡sion–Äproš²!vided“b˜y“ÞcshÝ.‘ûøThe“follo˜wing“text“describMÞes“the“syn˜tax“used“to“manipulate“the“historyŽ¡information.Ž¦‘History–¸%expansion“takš²!es“place“in“t˜w˜o“parts.‘ŽrThe“ rst“is“to“determine“whic˜h“line“from“the“previousŽ¡history–Ö.should“bšMÞe“used“during“substitution.‘˜uThe“second“is“to“select“p˜ortions“of“that“line“for“inclusionŽ¡inš²!to–´the“curren˜t“one.‘The“line“selected“from“the“previous“history“is“called“the“áev˜en˜tÝ,‘äand“the“pMÞortionsŽ¡of–;Éthat“line“that“are“acted“upMÞon“are“called“áwš²!ordsÝ.‘ºTThe“line“is“brok˜en“in˜to“w˜ords“in“the“same“fashionŽ¡that–M\Bash“doMÞes,‘wso“that“sevš²!eral“English“(or“Unix)“w˜ords“surrounded“b˜y“quotes“are“considered“asŽ¡one‘¦fw²!ord.ŽŸ.BšëM6.1.1‘d(Ev•–áen“t‘¦MDesignatorsŽŽ¦‘ÝAn›¦fev•²!en“t˜designator˜is˜a˜reference˜to˜a˜command˜line˜en“try˜in˜the˜history˜list.ŽŸ#¦Þ!ŽŽ‘9ÐóÝStart–a“history“substitution,‘’%except“when“follo•²!w“ed›b“y˜a˜space,–’%tab,“the˜end˜of˜the˜line,Ž¡‘9ÐóÞ=–¦fÝor“Þ(Ý.Ž¤!LÞ!!ŽŽ‘9ÐóÝRefer–¦fto“the“previous“command.‘ÝÝThis“is“a“synon²!ym“for“Þ!-1Ý.Ž¡Þ!nŽŽ‘9ÐóÝRefer–¦fto“command“line“ánÝ.Ž¡Þ!-nŽŽ‘9ÐóÝRefer–¦fto“the“command“án“Ýlines“bac²!k.Ž¡Þ!stringŽŽ‘9ÐóÝRefer–¦fto“the“most“recen²!t“command“starting“with“ástringÝ.Ž©¦Þ!?stringÝ[Þ?Ý]ŽŸ‘9ÐóRefer–¦fto“the“most“recenš²!t“command“con˜taining“ástringÝ.Ž¡Þ!#ŽŽ‘9ÐóÝThe–¦fenš²!tire“command“line“t˜ypMÞed“so“far.Ž¦Þ^string1^string2^Ž¤‘9ÐóÝQuic²!k–¾,Substitution.›%0RepMÞeat“the“last“command,‘Äreplacing“ástring1‘eÝwith“ástring2Ý.˜Equiv-Ž¡‘9Ðóalen²!t–¦fto“Þ!!:s/string1/string2/Ý.ŽŽŸŒ‹" bŸòÝ34’‡ ¹Bash‘¦fF‘ÿeeaturesŽŽŽ ƒ3Ú ý¨ðÐëM6.1.2‘d(W‘þÄ£ord‘¦MDesignatorsŽŽ©!‘ÝA‘úÞ:–Ýseparates“the“ev•²!en“t–spšMÞeci cation“from“the“w²!ord“designator.‘ùâIt“can“b˜e“omitted“if“the“w²!ordŽ¤designator–Q6bšMÞegins“with“a“Þ^Ý,–b@Þ$Ý,“Þ*–Q6Ýor“Þ%Ý.‘ÁxW‘ÿeords“are“n•²!um“b˜ered–Q6from“the“b˜eginning“of“the“line,‘b@with“theŽ¡ rst–¦fwš²!ord“bMÞeing“denoted“b˜y“a“0“(zero).ŽŸ#ÔŒÞ0‘¦f(zero)ŽŽ‘9ÐóÝThe–¦fÞ0Ýth“wš²!ord.‘ÝÝF‘ÿeor“man˜y“applications,“this“is“the“command“w˜ord.Ž¤©ÞnŽŽ‘9ÐóÝThe–¦fánÝth“w²!ord.Ž¡Þ^ŽŽ‘9ÐóÝThe–¦f rst“argumenš²!t;“that“is,“w˜ord“1.Ž¡Þ$ŽŽ‘9ÐóÝThe–¦flast“argumen²!t.Ž¡Þ%ŽŽ‘9ÐóÝThe–¦fwš²!ord“matc˜hed“b˜y“the“most“recen˜t“Þ?string?“Ýsearc˜h.Ž¡Þx-yŽŽ‘9ÐóÝA–¦frange“of“w²!ords;“Þ-áy‘–~Ýabbreviates“Þ0-áy‘ðÝ.Ž¡Þ*ŽŽ‘9ÐóÝAll–Ü of“the“wš²!ords,‘évexcept“the“Þ0Ýth.‘~ÐThis“is“a“synon˜ym“for“Þ1-$Ý.‘~ÐIt“is“not“an“error“to“useŽŸ‘9ÐóÞ*–¦fÝif“there“is“just“one“wš²!ord“in“the“ev˜en˜t;“the“empt˜y“string“is“returned“in“that“case.Ž¡Þx*ŽŽ‘9ÐóÝAbbreviates‘¦fÞx-$Ž¡x-ŽŽ‘9ÐóÝAbbreviates–¦fÞx-$“Ýlikš²!e“Þx*Ý,“but“omits“the“last“w˜ord.ŽŸ1R1ëM6.1.3‘d(Moidi ersŽŽ¦‘ÝAfter–½4the“optional“wš²!ord“designator,‘çy˜ou“can“add“a“sequence“of“one“or“more“of“the“follo˜wingŽ©moMÞdi ers,–¦feacš²!h“preceded“b˜y“a“Þ:Ý.ŽŸ#ÔŒÞhŽŽ‘9ÐóÝRemo•²!v“e–¦fa“trailing“pathname“compMÞonenš²!t,“lea˜ving“only“the“head.Ž¡ÞrŽŽ‘9ÐóÝRemo•²!v“e–¦fa“trailing“sux“of“the“form“`Þ.Ý'ásuxÝ,“lea²!ving“the“basename.Ž¡ÞeŽŽ‘9ÐóÝRemo•²!v“e–¦fall“but“the“trailing“sux.Ž¡ÞtŽŽ‘9ÐóÝRemo•²!v“e–¦fall“leading“pathname“compMÞonenš²!ts,“lea˜ving“the“tail.Ž¡ÞpŽŽ‘9ÐóÝPrin²!t–¦fthe“new“command“but“do“not“execute“it.Ž¡ÞqŽŽ‘9ÐóÝQuote–¦fthe“substituted“w²!ords,“escaping“further“substitutions.Ž¡ÞxŽŽ‘9ÐóÝQuote–*‚the“substituted“wš²!ords“as“with“ÞqÝ,‘‹‰but“break“in˜to“w˜ords“at“spaces,–‹‰tabs,“andŽ¦‘9Ðónewlines.ŽŸÔŒÞs/old/new/Ž¦‘9ÐóÝSubstitute–¼íánew‘­Ýfor“the“ rst“oMÞccurrence“of“áold‘+?Ýin“the“ev•²!en“t›¼íline.‘!qAn“y˜delimiter˜ma“y˜bMÞeŽ¦‘9Ðóused–ãin“place“of“Þ/Ý.‘œ½The“delimiter“maš²!y“bMÞe“quoted“in“áold‘QXÝand“ánew‘ÓÝwith“a“single“bac˜kslash.ŽŽŸŒ‹#<ŸòÝChapter–¦f6:‘ÝÝUsing“History“In•²!teractiv“ely’ Ù35ŽŽŽ ƒ3Ú ý¨ðБ9ÐóIf–,÷Þ&“ÝappMÞears“in“ánewÝ,‘EAit“is“replaced“bš²!y“áoldÝ.‘µcA‘,Øsingle“bac˜kslash“will“quote“the“Þ&Ý.‘µcThe“ nalŽ©‘9Ðódelimiter–¦fis“optional“if“it“is“the“last“c²!haracter“on“the“input“line.Ž¤Þ&ŽŽ‘9ÐóÝRepMÞeat–¦fthe“previous“substitution.Ž¡ÞgŽŽ‘9ÐóÝCause–˜-cš²!hanges“to“bMÞe“applied“o˜v˜er“the“en˜tire“ev˜en˜t“line.‘ÙUsed“in“conjunction“with“ÞsÝ,‘›asŽ¦‘9Ðóin–¦fÞgs/old/new/Ý,“or“with“Þ&Ý.ŽŽŸŒ‹$íŸòÝ36’‡ ¹Bash‘¦fF‘ÿeeaturesŽŽŽ ƒ3ÚŸŒ‹%ŸòÝChapter–¦f7:‘ÝÝCommand“Line“Editing’!ö=37ŽŽŽ ƒ3Ú ý¨ðÐè7‘ ¸QCommand–¦MLine“EditingŽŽŸ6%î‘ÝThis–¦fcš²!hapter“describMÞes“the“basic“features“of“the“GNU“command“line“editing“in˜terface.ŽŸFwyëE7.1‘™InŒÌtros3duction–¦Mto“Line“EditingŽŽ¤"Ôc‘ÝThe–¦ffolloš²!wing“paragraphs“describMÞe“the“notation“used“to“represen˜t“k˜eystrok˜es.Ž¡‘The–] text“ÞC-K“Ýis“read“as“`Conš²!trol-K'‘]and“describMÞes“the“c˜haracter“proMÞduced“when“the“Con˜trol“k˜eyŽ©is–¦fdepressed“and“the“ÞK“Ýkš²!ey“is“struc˜k.Ž¡‘The–þjtext“ÞM-K“Ýis“read“as“`Meta-K'‘þSand“describšMÞes“the“c²!haracter“pro˜duced“when“the“meta“k²!ey“(ifŽ¦y•²!ou›Aha“v“e˜one)˜is˜depressed,‘)xand˜the˜ÞK˜Ýk“ey˜is˜struc“k.‘oIf˜y“ou˜do˜not˜ha“v“e˜a˜meta˜k“ey‘ÿe,‘)xthe˜iden“ticalŽ¦k•²!eystrok“e–µÂcan“bMÞe“generated“bš²!y“t˜yping“ÞESC“á rstÝ,‘ù˜and“then“t˜yping“ÞKÝ.‘ ðEither“proMÞcess“is“kno˜wn“asŽ¦ámetafying‘–~Ýthe–¦fÞK“Ýk²!ey‘ÿe.Ž¡‘The–›†text“ÞM-C-K“Ýis“read“as“`Meta-Conš²!trol-k'“and“describMÞes“the“c˜haracter“proMÞduced“b˜y“ámetafyingŽ¦ÞC-KÝ.Ž¡‘In–í]addition,‘ÿsevš²!eral“k˜eys“ha˜v˜e“their“o˜wn“names.‘²ÁSpMÞeci cally‘ÿe,–ÿÞDELÝ,“ÞESCÝ,“ÞLFDÝ,“ÞSPCÝ,“ÞRETÝ,“and‘í]ÞTABŽ¦Ýall–!Ústand“for“themselv²!es“when“seen“in“this“text,‘<]or“in“an“init“ le“(see“Section“7.3“[Readline“Init“File],Ž¦page–¦f40,“for“more“info).ŽŸFwyëE7.2‘™Readline‘¦MInŒÌteractionŽŽ¡‘ÝOften–Ðþduring“an“in•²!teractiv“e–Ðþsession“yš²!ou“t˜ypMÞe“in“a“long“line“of“text,‘Û¤only“to“notice“that“the“ rstŽ¦wš²!ord–eæon“the“line“is“misspMÞelled.‘È]The“Readline“library“giv˜es“y˜ou“a“set“of“commands“for“manipulatingŽ¦the–c,text“as“yš²!ou“t˜ypMÞe“it“in,‘’]allo˜wing“y˜ou“to“just“ x“y˜our“t˜ypMÞo,‘’]and“not“forcing“y˜ou“to“ret˜ypMÞe“theŽ¦ma‘›»joritš²!y–ïZof“the“line.‘¸ºUsing“these“editing“commands,‘—y˜ou“mo˜v˜e“the“cursor“to“the“place“that“needsŽ¦correction,›ôÈand–ådelete“or“insert“the“text“of“the“corrections.‘™üThen,˜when“y²!ou“are“satis ed“with“theŽ¦line,‘Ìyš²!ou–ùësimply“press“ÞRETURNÝ.‘ØlY‘ÿeou“do“not“ha˜v˜e“to“bMÞe“at“the“end“of“the“line“to“press“ÞRETURNÝ;‘#­theŽ¦en²!tire–¦fline“is“accepted“regardless“of“the“loMÞcation“of“the“cursor“within“the“line.ŽŽŸŒ‹&uŸòÝ38’‡ ¹Bash‘¦fF‘ÿeeaturesŽŽŽ ƒ3Ú ý¨ðÐëM7.2.1‘d(Readline–¦MBare“Essen–átialsŽŽ©!z‘ÝIn–%corder“to“enš²!ter“c˜haracters“in˜to“the“line,‘?0simply“t˜ypMÞe“them.‘²ÜThe“t˜ypMÞed“c˜haracter“appMÞears“whereŽ¤the–³°cursor“wš²!as,‘·and“then“the“cursor“mo˜v˜es“one“space“to“the“righ˜t.‘¼If“y˜ou“mist˜ypMÞe“a“c˜haracter,‘·y˜ouŽ¡can–¦fuse“yš²!our“erase“c˜haracter“to“bac˜k“up“and“delete“the“mist˜ypMÞed“c˜haracter.Ž¦‘Sometimes–`Ôyš²!ou“ma˜y“miss“t˜yping“a“c˜haracter“that“y˜ou“w˜an˜ted“to“t˜ypMÞe,‘n¾and“not“notice“y˜our“errorŽ¡un•²!til›üŽy“ou˜ha“v“e˜t“ypMÞed˜sev“eral˜other˜c“haracters.‘àUIn˜that˜case,‘y“ou˜can˜t“ypMÞe˜ÞC-B˜Ýto˜mo“v“e˜the˜cursorŽ¡to–ÊUthe“left,‘ÓPand“then“correct“yš²!our“mistak˜e.‘I©Afterw˜ards,‘ÓPy˜ou“can“mo˜v˜e“the“cursor“to“the“righ˜t“withŽ¡ÞC-FÝ.Ž¦‘When–"yš²!ou“add“text“in“the“middle“of“a“line,‘A y˜ou“will“notice“that“c˜haracters“to“the“righ˜t“of“theŽ¡cursor–y*are“`pushed“o•²!v“er'–y*to“makš²!e“roMÞom“for“the“text“that“y˜ou“ha˜v˜e“inserted.‘V*Lik˜ewise,‘­Ûwhen“y˜ouŽ¡delete–&dtext“bMÞehind“the“cursor,‘Fdcš²!haracters“to“the“righ˜t“of“the“cursor“are“`pulled“bac˜k'“to“ ll“in“theŽ¡blank–kspace“created“bš²!y“the“remo˜v‘ÿdDal“of“the“text.‘9íA‘Nlist“of“the“basic“bare“essen˜tials“for“editing“theŽ¡text–¦fof“an“input“line“follo²!ws.ŽŸ$ôÞC-BŽŽ‘9ÐóÝMo•²!v“e›¦fbac“k˜one˜c“haracter.Ž¤ôÞC-FŽŽ‘9ÐóÝMo•²!v“e›¦fforw“ard˜one˜c“haracter.Ž¡ÞDELŽŽ‘9ÐóÝDelete–¦fthe“c²!haracter“to“the“left“of“the“cursor.Ž¡ÞC-DŽŽ‘9ÐóÝDelete–¦fthe“c²!haracter“underneath“the“cursor.ŽŸzPrin•²!ting‘¦fc“haractersŽŽŸ‘9ÐóInsert–¦fthe“cš²!haracter“in˜to“the“line“at“the“cursor.Ž¡ÞC-_ŽŽ‘9ÐóÝUndo–¦fthe“last“thing“that“yš²!ou“did.‘ÝÝY‘ÿeou“can“undo“all“the“w˜a˜y“bac˜k“to“an“empt˜y“line.ŽŸ2FëM7.2.2‘d(Readline›¦MMo•–áv“emen“t˜CommandsŽŽ¦‘ÝThe›ÚhabMÞo•²!v“e˜table˜describ•MÞes˜the˜most˜basic˜p“ossible˜k•²!eystrok“es˜that˜y“ou˜need˜in˜order˜to˜do˜editingŽ¤of–£the“input“line.‘«œF‘ÿeor“yš²!our“con˜v˜enience,‘-Êman˜y“other“commands“ha˜v˜e“bMÞeen“added“in“addition“to“ÞC-BÝ,Ž¡ÞC-FÝ,–¦fÞC-DÝ,“and“ÞDELÝ.‘ÝÝHere“are“some“commands“for“mo²!ving“more“rapidly“abMÞout“the“line.ŽŸ$ôÞC-AŽŽ‘9ÐóÝMo•²!v“e–¦fto“the“start“of“the“line.Ž¤ôÞC-EŽŽ‘9ÐóÝMo•²!v“e–¦fto“the“end“of“the“line.Ž¡ÞM-FŽŽ‘9ÐóÝMo•²!v“e›¦fforw“ard˜a˜w“ord.Ž¡ÞM-BŽŽ‘9ÐóÝMo•²!v“e›¦fbac“kw“ard˜a˜w“ord.ŽŽŸŒ‹'&LŸòÝChapter–¦f7:‘ÝÝCommand“Line“Editing’!ö=39ŽŽŽ ƒ3Ú ý¨ðÐÞC-LŽŽ‘9ÐóÝClear–¦fthe“screen,“reprinš²!ting“the“curren˜t“line“at“the“top.ŽŸ(^‘Notice– —hoš²!w“ÞC-F“Ýmo˜v˜es“forw˜ard“a“c˜haracter,‘gcwhile“ÞM-F“Ýmo˜v˜es“forw˜ard“a“w˜ord.‘ pIt“is“a“loMÞoseŽ¤con•²!v“en“tion–¦fthat“conš²!trol“k˜eystrok˜es“opMÞerate“on“c˜haracters“while“meta“k˜eystrok˜es“opMÞerate“on“w˜ords.ŽŸDW+ëM7.2.3‘d(Readline–¦MKilling“CommandsŽŽ©# ¯‘áKilling‘KÝtext–Z÷means“to“delete“the“text“from“the“line,›ˆbut“to“sa•²!v“e–Z÷it“a•²!w“a“y–Z÷for“later“use,˜usuallyŽ¡b•²!y›’ìáy“anking‘ƒÝ(re-inserting)˜it˜bac“k˜in“to˜the˜line.‘×_If˜the˜description˜for˜a˜command˜sa“ys˜that˜it˜`kills'Ž¡text,–¦fthen“yš²!ou“can“bMÞe“sure“that“y˜ou“can“get“the“text“bac˜k“in“a“di eren˜t“(or“the“same)“place“later.Ž¦‘When–©ùyš²!ou“use“a“kill“command,‘ªÞthe“text“is“sa˜v˜ed“in“a“ákill-ringÝ.‘è–An˜y“n˜um˜bMÞer“of“consecutiv˜e“killsŽ¡sa•²!v“e–Øall“of“the“killed“text“together,‘µso“that“when“yš²!ou“y˜ank“it“bac˜k,‘µy˜ou“get“it“all.‘ð4The“kill“ring“isŽ¡not–º,line“spMÞeci c;‘Äthe“text“that“yš²!ou“killed“on“a“previously“t˜ypMÞed“line“is“a˜v‘ÿdDailable“to“bMÞe“y˜ank˜ed“bac˜kŽ¡later,–¦fwhen“yš²!ou“are“t˜yping“another“line.Ž¦‘Here–¦fis“the“list“of“commands“for“killing“text.ŽŸ(^ÞC-KŽŽ‘9ÐóÝKill–¦fthe“text“from“the“curren²!t“cursor“pMÞosition“to“the“end“of“the“line.Ž©^ÞM-DŽŽ‘9ÐóÝKill–Ífrom“the“cursor“to“the“end“of“the“currenš²!t“w˜ord,‘•or“if“bMÞet˜w˜een“w˜ords,‘•to“the“end“ofŽ¡‘9Ðóthe–¦fnext“w²!ord.Ž¦ÞM-DELŽŽ‘9ÐóÝKill–]Ofrom“the“cursor“the“start“of“the“previous“wš²!ord,‘kíor“if“bMÞet˜w˜een“w˜ords,‘kíto“the“start“ofŽ¡‘9Ðóthe–¦fprevious“w²!ord.Ž¦ÞC-WŽŽ‘9ÐóÝKill–àfrom“the“cursor“to“the“previous“whitespace.‘‹This“is“di eren²!t“than“ÞM-DEL“ÝbMÞecauseŽ¡‘9Ðóthe–¦fw²!ord“bMÞoundaries“di er.Ž©(^‘And,‘Yhere–FZis“hoš²!w“to“áy˜ank‘ð^Ýthe“text“bac˜k“in˜to“the“line.‘½ÙY‘ÿeanking“means“to“cop˜y“the“most-recen˜tly-Ž¡killed–¦ftext“from“the“kill“bu er.Ž¦ÞC-YŽŽ‘9ÐóÝY‘ÿeank–¦fthe“most“recenš²!tly“killed“text“bac˜k“in˜to“the“bu er“at“the“cursor.ŽŸ^ÞM-YŽŽ‘9ÐóÝRotate–Pthe“kill-ring,‘a»and“y²!ank“the“new“top.‘Á@Y‘ÿeou“can“only“do“this“if“the“prior“commandŽ¡‘9Ðóis–¦fÞC-Y“Ýor“ÞM-YÝ.ŽŽŸŒ‹(/ÝŸòÝ40’‡ ¹Bash‘¦fF‘ÿeeaturesŽŽŽ ƒ3Ú ý¨ðÐëM7.2.4‘d(Readline‘¦MArgumen–átsŽŽ©#`¢‘ÝY‘ÿeou–upcan“pass“nš²!umeric“argumen˜ts“to“Readline“commands.‘JüSometimes“the“argumen˜t“acts“as“aŽ¤repMÞeat–ò%counš²!t,‘other“times“it“is“the“ásign“Ýof“the“argumen˜t“that“is“signi can˜t.‘ÁIf“y˜ou“pass“a“negativ˜eŽ¡argumenš²!t–*to“a“command“whic˜h“normally“acts“in“a“forw˜ard“direction,‘.[that“command“will“act“in“aŽ¡bac•²!kw“ard–E_direction.‘½…F‘ÿeor“example,›XÇto“kill“text“bac²!k“to“the“start“of“the“line,˜yš²!ou“migh˜t“t˜ypMÞe“ÞM--“C-KÝ.Ž¦‘The–zþgeneral“w•²!a“y–zþto“pass“nš²!umeric“argumen˜ts“to“a“command“is“to“t˜ypšMÞe“meta“digits“b˜efore“theŽ¡command.‘ØvIf–ùîthe“ rst“`digit'“yš²!ou“t˜ypMÞe“is“a“min˜us“sign“(Þ-Ý),‘NÐthen“the“sign“of“the“argumen˜t“willŽ¡bMÞe–31negativš²!e.‘ „?Once“y˜ou“ha˜v˜e“t˜ypMÞed“one“meta“digit“to“get“the“argumen˜t“started,‘–cy˜ou“can“t˜ypMÞeŽ¡the–Zremainder“of“the“digits,›‡ and“then“the“command.‘ùF‘ÿeor“example,˜to“giv²!e“the“ÞC-D“Ýcommand“anŽ¡argumenš²!t–¦fof“10,“y˜ou“could“t˜ypMÞe“ÞM-1–¿ª0“C-DÝ.ŽŸKe²ëE7.3‘™Readline–¦MInit“FileŽŽ¦‘ÝAlthough–±®the“Readline“library“comes“with“a“set“of“Emacs-likš²!e“k˜eybindings“installed“b˜y“default,Ž¡it–Inis“pMÞossible“that“yš²!ou“w˜ould“lik˜e“to“use“a“di eren˜t“set“of“k˜eybindings.‘¾àY‘ÿeou“can“customize“programsŽ¡that–!use“Readline“bš²!y“putting“commands“in“an“áinit‘[!Ý le“in“y˜our“home“directory‘ÿe.‘EThe“name“of“thisŽ¡ le–,7is“tak²!en“from“the“v›ÿdDalue“of“the“shell“v˜ariable“ÞINPUTRCÝ.‘oOIf“that“v˜ariable“is“unset,‘M«the“default“isŽ¡`Þ~/.inputrcÝ'.Ž¦‘When–€Za“program“whic²!h“uses“the“Readline“library“starts“up,›¶×the“init“ le“is“read,˜and“the“k²!eyŽ¡bindings–¦fare“set.Ž¦‘In–3 addition,›Vîthe“ÞC-x‘¦fC-r“Ýcommand“re-reads“this“init“ le,˜thš²!us“incorpMÞorating“an˜y“c˜hanges“thatŽ¡y•²!ou›¦fmigh“t˜ha“v“e˜made˜to˜it.ŽŸGe²ëM7.3.1‘d(Readline–¦MInit“Syn–átaxŽŽ¦‘ÝThere–²qare“only“a“few“basic“constructs“allo•²!w“ed–²qin“the“Readline“init“ le.‘ýBlank“lines“are“ignored.Ž¡Lines–ç›bšMÞeginning“with“a“Þ#“Ýare“commen²!ts.‘¡}Lines“b˜eginning“with“a“Þ$“Ýindicate“conditional“constructsŽ¡(see–…¨Section“7.3.2“[Conditional“Init“Constructs],‘Œ5page“43).‘ÒóOther“lines“denote“v‘ÿdDariable“settings“andŽ¡k²!ey‘¦fbindings.ŽŽŸŒ‹)8íŸòÝChapter–¦f7:‘ÝÝCommand“Line“Editing’!ö=41ŽŽŽ ƒ3Ú ý¨ðÐV‘ÿeariable‘¦fSettingsŽ¤‘9ÐóY‘ÿeou–‚™can“cš²!hange“the“state“of“a“few“v‘ÿdDariables“in“Readline“b˜y“using“the“Þset“ÝcommandŽ¡‘9Ðówithin–‡úthe“init“ le.‘Ó¹Here“is“hoš²!w“y˜ou“w˜ould“spMÞecify“that“y˜ou“wish“to“use“Þvi“Ýline“editingŽ¡‘9Ðócommands:ŽŸ4¸‘V¹HÞset–¿ªediting-mode“viŽ©4¸‘9ÐóÝRigh•²!t›@½no“w,‘Uthere˜are˜only˜a˜few˜v‘ÿdDariables˜whic“h˜can˜bMÞe˜set;‘b so˜few,–Uin˜fact,“that˜w²!e˜justŽ¡‘9Ðólist–¦fthem“here:Ž¦‘9ÐóÞediting-modeŽ¡‘s¡æÝThe–‹Þediting-mode“Ýv‘ÿdDariable“conš²!trols“whic˜h“editing“moMÞde“y˜ou“are“using.‘¦êByŽ¡‘s¡ædefault,›h|Readline–A«starts“up“in“Emacs“editing“moMÞde,˜where“the“k•²!eystrok“esŽ¡‘s¡æare–wSmost“similar“to“Emacs.‘Î,This“v‘ÿdDariable“can“bMÞe“set“to“either“Þemacs“Ýor“ÞviÝ.Ž¦‘9ÐóÞhorizontal-scroll-modeŽ¡‘s¡æÝThis–ív‘ÿdDariable“can“bMÞe“set“to“either“ÞOn“Ýor“ÞOffÝ.‘sSetting“it“to“ÞOn“Ýmeans“thatŽ¡‘s¡æthe–^Ütext“of“the“lines“that“yš²!ou“edit“will“scroll“horizon˜tally“on“a“single“screenŽ¡‘s¡æline–þºwhen“they“are“longer“than“the“width“of“the“screen,‘ Cinstead“of“wrappingŽ¡‘s¡æon²!to–¦fa“new“screen“line.‘ÝÝBy“default,“this“v‘ÿdDariable“is“set“to“ÞOffÝ.Ž¦‘9ÐóÞmark-modified-linesŽ¡‘s¡æÝThis–¤Sv‘ÿdDariable,›¤¾when“set“to“ÞOnÝ,˜saš²!ys“to“displa˜y“an“asterisk“(`Þ*Ý')“at“the“startŽ¡‘s¡æof–Žhistory“lines“whicš²!h“ha˜v˜e“bšMÞeen“mo˜di ed.‘ÕïThis“v‘ÿdDariable“is“Þoff“Ýb²!y“default.Ž¦‘9ÐóÞbell-styleŽ¡‘s¡æÝConš²!trols–íMwhat“happMÞens“when“Readline“w˜an˜ts“to“ring“the“terminal“bMÞell.‘²“IfŽ¡‘s¡æset–Epto“ÞnoneÝ,›XÔReadline“nev²!er“rings“the“bMÞell.‘½‹If“set“to“ÞvisibleÝ,˜Readline“usesŽ¡‘s¡æa–—visible“bMÞell“if“one“is“a²!v‘ÿdDailable.‘þqIf“set“to“Þaudible“Ý(the“default),‘£ReadlineŽ¡‘s¡æattempts–¦fto“ring“the“terminal's“bMÞell.Ž¦‘9ÐóÞcomment-beginŽ¡‘s¡æÝThe–ístring“to“insert“at“the“bMÞeginning“of“the“line“when“the“Þvi-commentŽ¡‘s¡æÝcommand–¦fis“executed.‘ÝÝThe“default“v‘ÿdDalue“is“Þ"#"Ý.Ž¦‘9ÐóÞmeta-flagŽ¡‘s¡æÝIf–†set“to“ÞonÝ,‘.Readline“will“enable“eighš²!t-bit“input“(it“will“not“strip“the“eigh˜thŽ¡‘s¡æbit––&from“the“c²!haracters“it“reads),‘™fregardless“of“what“the“terminal“claims“itŽ¡‘s¡æcan–¦fsuppMÞort.‘ÝÝThe“default“v‘ÿdDalue“is“ÞoffÝ.Ž¦‘9ÐóÞconvert-metaŽ¡‘s¡æÝIf–_aset“to“ÞonÝ,‘ÍŸReadline“will“con•²!v“ert›_ac“haracters˜with˜the˜eigth˜bit˜set˜toŽ¡‘s¡æan–ÙASCIMÞI‘Âkš²!ey“sequence“b˜y“stripping“the“eigth“bit“and“prepMÞending“an“ÞESCŽ¡‘s¡æÝc•²!haracter,‘>ÿcon“v“erting– zthem“to“a“meta-pre xed“k²!ey“sequence.‘LThe“defaultŽ¡‘s¡æv‘ÿdDalue–¦fis“ÞonÝ.Ž¦‘9ÐóÞoutput-metaŽ¡‘s¡æÝIf–?set“to“ÞonÝ,‘'Readline“will“displaš²!y“c˜haracters“with“the“eigh˜th“bit“set“directlyŽ¡‘s¡ærather–¦fthan“as“a“meta-pre xed“escapMÞe“sequence.‘ÝÝThe“default“is“ÞoffÝ.ŽŽŸŒ‹*B+ŸòÝ42’‡ ¹Bash‘¦fF‘ÿeeaturesŽŽŽ ƒ3Ú ý¨ðБ9ÐóÞcompletion-query-itemsŽ¤‘s¡æÝThe›ÎÃn•²!um“b•MÞer˜of˜p“ossible˜completions˜that˜determines˜when˜the˜user˜is˜ask²!edŽ¡‘s¡æwhether–×dhe“w•²!an“ts–×dto“see“the“list“of“pšMÞossibilities.‘p×If“the“n•²!um“b˜er–×dof“p˜ossibleŽ¡‘s¡æcompletions–ÒCis“greater“than“this“v‘ÿdDalue,‘Ý:Readline“will“ask“the“user“whetherŽ¡‘s¡æor– not“he“wishes“to“view“them;‘À_otherwise,‘fµthey“are“simply“listed.‘ ÏTheŽ¡‘s¡ædefault–¦flimit“is“Þ100Ý.ŽŸœ¤‘9ÐóÞkeymapŽŽ‘s¡æÝSets–Readline's“idea“of“the“currenš²!t“k˜eymap“for“k˜ey“binding“commands.‘­»Ac-Ž¡‘s¡æceptable–šÍÞkeymap“Ýnames“are“ÞemacsÝ,–Þemacs-standardÝ,“Þemacs-metaÝ,“Þemacs-Ž¡‘s¡æctlxÝ,–+DÞviÝ,“Þvi-moveÝ,“Þvi-commandÝ,“and–±Þvi-insertÝ.‘¿Þvi“Ýis“equiv‘ÿdDalen²!t“to“Þvi-Ž¡‘s¡æcommandÝ;‘œ’Þemacs–õ.Ýis“equiv›ÿdDalen²!t“to“Þemacs-standardÝ.‘Ê6The“default“v˜alue“isŽ¡‘s¡æÞemacsÝ.‘RtThe–ÍCv›ÿdDalue“of“the“Þediting-mode“Ýv˜ariable“also“a ects“the“defaultŽ¡‘s¡æk²!eymap.Ž©ÎR‘9ÐóÞshow-all-if-ambiguousŽ¡‘s¡æÝThis–ñ$alters“the“default“bMÞeha²!vior“of“the“completion“functions.‘¾If“set“to“ÞonÝ,Ž¡‘s¡æw•²!ords›Cwhic“h˜ha“v“e˜more˜than˜one˜pMÞossible˜completion˜cause˜the˜matc“hes˜toŽ¡‘s¡æbšMÞe–gslisted“immediately“instead“of“ringing“the“b˜ell.‘ÈáThe“default“v‘ÿdDalue“is“ÞoffÝ.Ž¦‘9ÐóÞexpand-tildeŽ¡‘s¡æÝIf–³7set“to“ÞonÝ,‘öktilde“expansion“is“pMÞerformed“when“Readline“attempts“w²!ordŽ¡‘s¡æcompletion.‘ÝÝThe–¦fdefault“is“ÞoffÝ.Ž¦Key‘¦fBindingsŽ¡‘9ÐóThe–»˜synš²!tax“for“con˜trolling“k˜ey“bindings“in“the“init“ le“is“simple.‘tFirst“y˜ou“ha˜v˜e“toŽ¡‘9Ðóknoš²!w–O}the“name“of“the“command“that“y˜ou“w˜an˜t“to“c˜hange.‘ÀåThe“follo˜wing“pages“con˜tainŽ¡‘9Ðótables–Æ9of“the“command“name,›Î.the“default“k²!eybinding,˜and“a“short“description“of“whatŽ¡‘9Ðóthe–¦fcommand“doMÞes.Ž¦‘9ÐóOnce–ˆmyš²!ou“kno˜w“the“name“of“the“command,‘Žksimply“place“the“name“of“the“k˜ey“y˜ou“wishŽ¡‘9Ðóto–šˆbind“the“command“to,›œèa“colon,˜and“then“the“name“of“the“command“on“a“line“in“theŽ¡‘9Ðóinit–ÃÒ le.‘6"The“name“of“the“kš²!ey“can“bMÞe“expressed“in“di eren˜t“w˜a˜ys,‘Ë-depMÞending“on“whic˜hŽ¡‘9Ðóis–¦fmost“comfortable“for“y²!ou.Ž¦‘9Ðóák²!eyname‘Ý:‘ÝÝáfunction-name‘CmÝor‘¦fámacroŽŽ¡‘s¡ækš²!eyname‘CmÝis–¦fthe“name“of“a“k˜ey“spMÞelled“out“in“English.‘ÝÝF‘ÿeor“example:ŽŸÎR’Š;ÞControl-u:‘¿ªuniversal-argumentŽ¤ ’Š;Meta-Rubout:‘¿ªbackward-kill-wordŽ¡’Š;Control-o:‘¿ª">&output"Ž¦‘s¡æÝIn–Áthe“abšMÞo•²!v“e–Áexample,‘î÷`ÞC-uÝ'“is“b˜ound“to“the“function“Þuniversal-argumentÝ,Ž¤‘s¡æand–;`ÞC-oÝ'“is“bMÞound“to“run“the“macro“expressed“on“the“righ²!t“hand“side“(thatŽ¡‘s¡æis,–¦fto“insert“the“text“`Þ>&outputÝ'“in²!to“the“line).Ž¦‘9ÐóÞ"ák²!eyseq@æÞ"Ý:‘ÝÝáfunction-name‘CmÝor‘¦fámacroŽŽ¡‘s¡ækš²!eyseq‘RÎÝdi ers–èfrom“ák˜eyname‘®ïÝabMÞo˜v˜e“in“that“strings“denoting“an“en˜tire“k˜eyŽ¡‘s¡æsequence–Vwcan“bšMÞe“sp˜eci ed,‘‚{bš²!y“placing“the“k˜ey“sequence“in“double“quotes.ŽŽŸŒ‹+MLŸòÝChapter–¦f7:‘ÝÝCommand“Line“Editing’!ö=43ŽŽŽ ƒ3Ú ý¨ðБs¡æSome–L¦GNU‘L|Emacs“stš²!yle“k˜ey“escapšMÞes“can“b˜e“used,‘v6as“in“the“follo²!wing“ex-Ž©‘s¡æample,–¦fbut“the“spMÞecial“c²!haracter“names“are“not“recognized.ŽŸ}’Š;Þ"\C-u":‘¿ªuniversal-argumentŽ¤ ’Š;"\C-x\C-r":‘¿ªre-read-init-fileŽ¡’Š;"\e[11~":–¿ª"Function“Key“1"ŽŸ}‘s¡æÝIn–the“abšMÞo•²!v“e–example,‘.‡`ÞC-uÝ'“is“b˜ound“to“the“function“Þuniversal-argumentŽ¦‘s¡æÝ(just–*|as“it“w²!as“in“the“ rst“example),‘CE`ÞC-x‘¦fC-rÝ'“is“bMÞound“to“the“function“Þre-Ž¦‘s¡æread-init-fileÝ,‘áÊand›Õé`ÞESC–¦f[“1“1“~Ý'˜is˜bMÞound˜to˜insert˜the˜text˜`ÞFunctionŽ¦‘s¡æKey‘¦f1Ý'.‘,The–Ïfolloš²!wing“escapMÞe“sequences“are“a˜v‘ÿdDailable“when“spMÞecifying“k˜eyŽ¦‘s¡æsequences:Ž¤ú‘s¡æÞ\C-ŽŽ’­rÙÝcon²!trol‘¦fpre xŽ¡‘s¡æÞ\M-ŽŽ’­rÙÝmeta‘¦fpre xŽ¡‘s¡æÞ\eŽŽ’­rÙÝan–¦fescapMÞe“c²!haracterŽ¡‘s¡æÞ\\ŽŽ’­rÙÝbac²!kslashŽ¡‘s¡æÞ\"ŽŽ’­rÙ"Ž¡‘s¡æ\'ŽŽ’­rÙ'Ž¡‘s¡æÝWhen–X'en²!tering“the“text“of“a“macro,‘gÍsingle“or“double“quotes“should“bMÞe“usedŽ¦‘s¡æto–œYindicate“a“macro“de nition.‘ÚƒUnquoted“text“is“assumed“to“bMÞe“a“functionŽ¦‘s¡æname.‘‡jBacš²!kslash–4@will“quote“an˜y“c˜haracter“in“the“macro“text,‘W¶including“Þ"Ž¦‘s¡æÝand–ÛÞ'Ý.‘{ßF‘ÿeor“example,‘è_the“line“regardless“of“where“the“cursor“is.‘¥ÇIf“this“line“is“non-empt²!y‘ÿe,‘d]add“it“toŽ¡‘9Ðóthe–v)history“list“according“to“the“setting“of“the“ÞHISTCONTROL“Ýv‘ÿdDariable.‘ÍÉIf“this“line“w²!as“aŽ¡‘9Ðóhistory–¦fline,“then“restore“the“history“line“to“its“original“state.Ž¦Þprevious-history‘¦f(C-p)Ž¡‘9ÐóÝMo•²!v“e–¦f`up'“through“the“history“list.Ž¦Þnext-history‘¦f(C-n)Ž¡‘9ÐóÝMo•²!v“e›¦f`do“wn'˜through˜the˜history˜list.Ž¦Þbeginning-of-history‘¦f(M-<)Ž¡‘9ÐóÝMo•²!v“e–¦fto“the“ rst“line“in“the“history‘ÿe.Ž¦Þend-of-history‘¦f(M->)Ž¡‘9ÐóÝMo•²!v“e–¦fto“the“end“of“the“input“history‘ÿe,“i.e.,“the“line“yš²!ou“are“en˜tering.Ž¦Þreverse-search-history‘¦f(C-r)Ž¡‘9ÐóÝSearc•²!h›<@bac“kw“ard˜starting˜at˜the˜curren“t˜line˜and˜mo“ving˜`up'˜through˜the˜history˜asŽ¡‘9Ðónecessary‘ÿe.‘ÝÝThis–¦fis“an“incremenš²!tal“searc˜h.Ž¦Þforward-search-history‘¦f(C-s)Ž¡‘9ÐóÝSearc•²!h›}-forw“ard˜starting˜at˜the˜curren“t˜line˜and˜mo“ving˜`do“wn'˜through˜the˜the˜historyŽ¡‘9Ðóas–¦fnecessary‘ÿe.‘ÝÝThis“is“an“incremenš²!tal“searc˜h.Ž¦Þnon-incremental-reverse-search-history‘¦f(M-p)Ž¡‘9ÐóÝSearc•²!h›<@bac“kw“ard˜starting˜at˜the˜curren“t˜line˜and˜mo“ving˜`up'˜through˜the˜history˜asŽ¡‘9Ðónecessary–¦fusing“a“non-incremenš²!tal“searc˜h“for“a“string“supplied“b˜y“the“user.Ž¦Þnon-incremental-forward-search-history‘¦f(M-n)Ž¡‘9ÐóÝSearc•²!h›}-forw“ard˜starting˜at˜the˜curren“t˜line˜and˜mo“ving˜`do“wn'˜through˜the˜the˜historyŽ¡‘9Ðóas–¦fnecessary“using“a“non-incremenš²!tal“searc˜h“for“a“string“supplied“b˜y“the“user.Ž¦Þhistory-search-forward‘¦f()Ž¡‘9ÐóÝSearc•²!h›)[forw“ard˜through˜the˜history˜for˜the˜string˜of˜c“haracters˜bMÞet“w“een˜the˜start˜of˜theŽ¡‘9Ðócurrenš²!t–âøline“and“the“curren˜t“pMÞoin˜t.‘“’This“is“a“non-incremen˜tal“searc˜h.‘“’By“default,‘òthisŽ¡‘9Ðócommand–¦fis“un²!bMÞound.ŽŽŸŒ‹.j¨ŸòÝ46’‡ ¹Bash‘¦fF‘ÿeeaturesŽŽŽ ƒ3Ú ý¨ðÐÞhistory-search-backward‘¦f()Ž¤‘9ÐóÝSearc•²!h›åÿbac“kw“ard˜through˜the˜history˜for˜the˜string˜of˜c“haracters˜bMÞet“w“een˜the˜start˜ofŽ¡‘9Ðóthe– kcurrenš²!t“line“and“the“curren˜t“pMÞoin˜t.‘ìThis“is“a“non-incremen˜tal“searc˜h.‘ìBy“default,Ž¡‘9Ðóthis–¦fcommand“is“un²!bMÞound.Ž©D+Þyank-nth-arg‘¦f(M-C-y)Ž¡‘9ÐóÝInsert–|ðthe“ rst“argumenš²!t“to“the“previous“command“(usually“the“second“w˜ord“on“theŽ¡‘9Ðóprevious–Ôôline).‘iˆWith“an“argumenš²!t“ánÝ,‘à˜insert“the“ánÝth“w˜ord“from“the“previous“commandŽ¡‘9Ðó(the–zRwš²!ords“in“the“previous“command“bMÞegin“with“w˜ord“0).‘Ï,A‘zGnegativ˜e“argumen˜t“insertsŽ¡‘9Ðóthe–¦fánÝth“w²!ord“from“the“end“of“the“previous“command.Ž¦Þyank-last-arg–¦f(M-.,“M-_)Ž¡‘9ÐóÝInsert–”ælast“argumenš²!t“to“the“previous“command“(the“last“w˜ord“on“the“previous“line).Ž¡‘9ÐóWith–¦fan“argumenš²!t,“bMÞeha˜v˜e“exactly“lik˜e“Þyank-nth-argÝ.ŽŸ=eƒëM7.4.3‘d(Commands–¦MF›þÄ£or“Changing“T˜extŽŽŸ"D+Þdelete-char‘¦f(C-d)Ž¡‘9ÐóÝDelete–åthe“c²!haracter“under“the“cursor.‘hIf“the“cursor“is“at“the“bMÞeginning“of“the“line,‘ ³thereŽ¡‘9Ðóare–jjno“cš²!haracters“in“the“line,‘›jand“the“last“c˜haracter“t˜ypMÞed“w˜as“not“C-d,‘›jthen“returnŽ¡‘9ÐóEOF.Ž¦Þbackward-delete-char‘¦f(Rubout)Ž¡‘9ÐóÝDelete–Ÿ¹the“cš²!haracter“bMÞehind“the“cursor.‘†NA‘Ÿwn˜umeric“arg“sa˜ys“to“kill“the“c˜haracters“insteadŽ¡‘9Ðóof–¦fdeleting“them.Ž¦Þquoted-insert–¦f(C-q,“C-v)Ž¡‘9ÐóÝAdd–ñQthe“next“cš²!haracter“that“y˜ou“t˜ypMÞe“to“the“line“v˜erbatim.‘¾This“is“ho˜w“to“insert“k˜eyŽ¡‘9Ðósequences–¦flik²!e“ÞC-QÝ,“for“example.Ž¦Þtab-insert‘¦f(M-TAB)Ž¡‘9ÐóÝInsert–¦fa“tab“c²!haracter.Ž¦Þself-insert–¦f(a,“b,“A,“1,“!,“...)Ž¡‘9ÐóÝInsert‘¦fy²!ourself.Ž¦Þtranspose-chars‘¦f(C-t)Ž¡‘9ÐóÝDrag–§the“cš²!haracter“bMÞefore“the“cursor“forw˜ard“o˜v˜er“the“c˜haracter“at“the“cursor,‘§Dmo˜vingŽ¡‘9Ðóthe–kßcursor“forwš²!ard“as“w˜ell.‘.GIf“the“insertion“pMÞoin˜t“is“at“the“end“of“the“line,‘this“digit“to“the“argumenš²!t“already“accum˜ulating,‘ˆtor“start“a“new“argumen˜t.‘üeM{Ž¡‘9Ðóstarts–¦fa“negativš²!e“argumen˜t.ŽŸáÆÞuniversal-argument‘¦f()Ž¡‘9ÐóÝEacš²!h–*½time“this“is“executed,‘KÒthe“argumen˜t“coun˜t“is“m˜ultiplied“b˜y“four.‘jáThe“argumen˜tŽ¡‘9Ðócounš²!t–ð0is“initially“one,‘B¢so“executing“this“function“the“ rst“time“mak˜es“the“argumen˜tŽ¡‘9Ðócounš²!t–¦ffour.‘ÝÝBy“default,“this“is“not“bMÞound“to“a“k˜ey‘ÿe.ŽŸ9ï÷ëM7.4.6‘d(Letting–¦MReadline“T–áypie“F›þÄ£or“Y˜ouŽŽ¦Þcomplete‘¦f(TAB)Ž¡‘9ÐóÝA²!ttempt–'‰to“do“completion“on“the“text“bšMÞefore“the“cursor.‘aEThis“is“application-sp˜eci c.Ž¡‘9ÐóGenerally‘ÿe,‘`€if–;Hyš²!ou“are“t˜yping“a“ lename“argumen˜t,‘`€y˜ou“can“do“ lename“completion;‘…¸ifŽ¡‘9Ðóyš²!ou–VÒare“t˜yping“a“command,‘‚ìy˜ou“can“do“command“completion,‘‚ìif“y˜ou“are“t˜yping“in“aŽ¡‘9Ðósymš²!bMÞol–²to“GDB,“y˜ou“can“do“sym˜bMÞol“name“completion,‘Eif“y˜ou“are“t˜yping“in“a“v‘ÿdDariableŽ¡‘9Ðóto–Ì¿Bash,›ÖUy²!ou“can“do“v‘ÿdDariable“name“completion,˜and“so“on.‘PçSee“the“Bash“man²!ual“pageŽ¡‘9Ðófor–¦fa“complete“list“of“a²!v‘ÿdDailable“completion“functions.Ž©áÆÞpossible-completions‘¦f(M-?)Ž¡‘9ÐóÝList–¦fthe“pšMÞossible“completions“of“the“text“b˜efore“the“cursor.Ž¦Þinsert-completions‘¦f()Ž¡‘9ÐóÝInsert–Geall“completions“of“the“text“bšMÞefore“p˜oinš²!t“that“w˜ould“ha˜v˜e“bMÞeen“generated“b˜yŽ¡‘9ÐóÞpossible-completionsÝ.‘ÝÝBy–¦fdefault,“this“is“not“bMÞound“to“a“k²!ey‘ÿe.ŽŸ9ï÷ëM7.4.7‘d(Keybioard‘¦MMacrosŽŽŸ!áÆÞstart-kbd-macro–¦f(C-x“()Ž¡‘9ÐóÝBegin–¦fsaš²!ving“the“c˜haracters“t˜ypMÞed“in˜to“the“curren˜t“k˜eybMÞoard“macro.Ž¦Þend-kbd-macro–¦f(C-x“))Ž¡‘9ÐóÝStop–ƒ+saš²!ving“the“c˜haracters“t˜ypMÞed“in˜to“the“curren˜t“k˜eybMÞoard“macro“and“sa˜v˜e“the“de ni-Ž¡‘9Ðótion.Ž¦Þcall-last-kbd-macro–¦f(C-x“e)Ž¡‘9ÐóÝRe-execute–qIthe“last“kš²!eybMÞoard“macro“de ned,‘¤b˜y“making“the“c˜haracters“in“the“macroŽ¡‘9ÐóappšMÞear–¦fas“if“t²!yp˜ed“at“the“k²!eyb˜oard.ŽŽŸŒ‹1…ŸòÝChapter–¦f7:‘ÝÝCommand“Line“Editing’!ö=49ŽŽŽ ƒ3Ú ý¨ðÐëM7.4.8‘d(Some–¦MMiscellaneous“CommandsŽŽŸ!Þre-read-init-file–¦f(C-x“C-r)Ž¤‘9ÐóÝRead–£®in“the“con•²!ten“ts–£®of“yš²!our“init“ le,‘¤9and“incorpMÞorate“an˜y“bindings“or“v‘ÿdDariable“assign-Ž¡‘9Ðómen²!ts–¦ffound“there.Ž©+Þabort‘¦f(C-g)Ž¡‘9ÐóÝAbšMÞort–;ãthe“curren²!t“editing“command“and“ring“the“terminal's“b˜ell“(sub‘›»ject“to“the“settingŽ¡‘9Ðóof‘¦fÞbell-styleÝ).Ž¦Þdo-uppercase-version–¦f(M-a,“M-b,“...)Ž¡‘9ÐóÝRun–¦fthe“command“that“is“bšMÞound“to“the“corresop˜onding“upp˜ercase“c²!haracter.Ž¦Þprefix-meta‘¦f(ESC)Ž¡‘9ÐóÝMakš²!e–~Kthe“next“c˜haracter“that“y˜ou“t˜ypšMÞe“b˜e“meta ed.‘ÐThis“is“for“p˜eople“without“a“metaŽ¡‘9Ðók•²!ey‘ÿe.‘ÝÝT“yping–¦f`ÞESC“fÝ'“is“equiv‘ÿdDalenš²!t“to“t˜yping“`ÞM-fÝ'.Ž¦Þundo–¦f(C-_,“C-x“C-u)Ž¡‘9ÐóÝIncremenš²!tal–¦fundo,“separately“remem˜bMÞered“for“eac˜h“line.Ž¦Þrevert-line‘¦f(M-r)Ž¡‘9ÐóÝUndo–Êall“cš²!hanges“made“to“this“line.‘H®This“is“lik˜e“t˜yping“the“Þundo“Ýcommand“enoughŽ¡‘9Ðótimes–¦fto“get“bac²!k“to“the“bMÞeginning.Ž¦Þtilde-expand‘¦f(M-~)Ž¡‘9ÐóÝPš²!erform–¦ftilde“expansion“on“the“curren˜t“w˜ord.Ž¦Þdump-functions‘¦f()Ž¡‘9ÐóÝPrinš²!t–a\all“of“the“functions“and“their“k˜ey“bindings“to“the“readline“output“stream.‘ÀIf“aŽ¡‘9Ðón•²!umeric›xÜargumen“t˜is˜supplied,‘­ythe˜output˜is˜formatted˜in˜suc“h˜a˜w“a“y˜that˜it˜can˜bMÞeŽ¡‘9Ðómade–¦fpart“of“an“áinputrc‘PjÝ le.Ž¦Þdisplay-shell-version–¦f(C-x“C-v)Ž¡‘9ÐóÝDispla•²!y›¦fv“ersion˜information˜abMÞout˜the˜curren“t˜instance˜of˜Bash.Ž¦Þshell-expand-line‘¦f(M-C-e)Ž¡‘9ÐóÝExpand–å„the“line“the“w•²!a“y–å„the“shell“došMÞes“when“it“reads“it.‘’This“p˜erforms“alias“and“historyŽ¡‘9Ðóexpansion–¦fas“wš²!ell“as“all“of“the“shell“w˜ord“expansions.Ž¦Þhistory-expand-line‘¦f(M-^)Ž¡‘9ÐóÝPš²!erform–¦fhistory“expansion“on“the“curren˜t“line.Ž¦Þinsert-last-argument–¦f(M-.,“M-_)Ž¡‘9ÐóÝA–¦fsynon²!ym“for“Þyank-last-argÝ.Ž¦Þoperate-and-get-next‘¦f(C-o)Ž¡‘9ÐóÝAccept–2»the“currenš²!t“line“for“execution“and“fetc˜h“the“next“line“relativ˜e“to“the“curren˜t“lineŽ¡‘9Ðófrom–¦fthe“history“for“editing.‘ÝÝAnš²!y“argumen˜t“is“ignored.Ž¦Þemacs-editing-mode‘¦f(C-e)Ž¡‘9ÐóÝWhen–Iin“Þvi“Ýediting“moMÞde,‘Bthis“causes“a“switcš²!h“bac˜k“to“emacs“editing“moMÞde,‘Bas“if“theŽ¡‘9Ðócommand–¦fÞset“-o“emacs“Ýhad“bMÞeen“executed.ŽŽŸŒ‹2ŽŸòÝ50’‡ ¹Bash‘¦fF‘ÿeeaturesŽŽŽ ƒ3Ú ý¨ðÐëE7.5‘™Readline–¦Mvi“Mos3deŽŽ©!‘ÝWhile–ËŽthe“Readline“library“došMÞes“not“ha•²!v“e–ËŽa“full“set“of“Þvi“Ýediting“functions,‘÷Sit“do˜es“con²!tain“enoughŽ¤to––0allo²!w“simple“editing“of“the“line.‘ØvThe“Readline“Þvi“ÝmošMÞde“b˜eha•²!v“es––0as“sp˜eci ed“in“the“P²!osix“1003.2Ž¡standard.Ž¦‘In–:Žorder“to“switcš²!h“in˜teractiv˜ely“bMÞet˜w˜een“ÞEmacs“Ýand“ÞVi“Ýediting“moMÞdes,‘P use“the“Þset–¦f-o“emacs‘:ŽÝandŽ¡Þset–¦f-o“vi–>Ýcommands“(see“Section“4.5“[The“Set“Builtin],‘3page“20).‘ýdThe“Readline“default“is“ÞemacsŽ¡ÝmoMÞde.Ž¦‘When–j yš²!ou“en˜ter“a“line“in“Þvi“ÝmoMÞde,‘šöy˜ou“are“already“placed“in“`insertion'“moMÞde,‘šöas“if“y˜ou“hadŽ¡tš²!ypMÞed–»Öan“`ÞiÝ'.‘,Pressing“ÞESC“Ýswitc˜hes“y˜ou“in˜to“`command'“moMÞde,‘Á2where“y˜ou“can“edit“the“text“of“theŽ¡line–S5with“the“standard“Þvi“Ýmo•²!v“emen“t›S5k“eys,‘~imo“v“e˜to˜previous˜history˜lines˜with˜`ÞkÝ',‘~iand˜follo“wingŽ¡lines–¦fwith“`ÞjÝ',“and“so“forth.ŽŽŸŒ‹3—nŸòÝAppMÞendix–¦fA:“V‘ÿeariable“Index’C¹s51ŽŽŽ ƒ3Ú ý¨ðÐèApp‘Š=endix–¦MA‘ ¸QV‘þaGariable“IndexŽŽŸ7~Ÿ,$ªëEAŽ¤óߤN cmtt9Éauto‘‘$‰c4ÕÂŽ‘færesume‘ç‘ÅUó5ùž" cmmi9²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘Ìóo´‹Ç cmr9¬31Ž©ó,ëEBŽ¡ÉBASH‘‘$‰c4ÕÂŽ‘fæVERSION‘˜~‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘Ê9¬24ŽŸÉbell-style‘ŒL‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘¾¬41Ž¦ëECŽ¡Écdable‘‘$‰c4ÕÂŽ‘fævars‘ç‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘̬10Ž¤ÉCDPATH‘_‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘ :¬4Ž¡Écomment-begin‘®Ë‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘à†¬41Ž¡Écompletion-query-items‘ùØ‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘+“¬42Ž¡Éconvert-meta‘ý^‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘ /¬41Ž¦ëEEŽŸÉediting-mode‘ý^‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘ /¬41Ž¡ÉEUIDU†‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘‡A¬23Ž¡Éexpand-tilde‘ý^‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘ /¬42Ž¦ëEFŽ¤ÉFIGNORE‘x‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘©À¬23Ž¦ëEHŽ¡Éhistchars‘Úß‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘ š¬23Ž¤ÉHISTCMD‘x‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘©À¬23Ž¡ÉHISTCONTROL=¹‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘ot¬22Ž¡ÉHISTFILE‘)r‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘[-¬23Ž¡Éhistory‘‘$‰c4ÕÂŽ‘fæcontrol‘ºý‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘츬22Ž¡ÉHISTSIZE‘)r‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘[-¬23Ž¡ÉHOME‘—M‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘ɬ4Ž¡Éhorizontal-scroll-mode‘ùØ‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘+“¬41Ž¡ÉHOSTFILE‘)r‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘[-¬23Ž¡Éhostname‘‘$‰c4ÕÂŽ–fæcompletion‘‘$‰c4ÕÂŽ“file‘¯b‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘á¬23Ž¡ÉHOSTTYPE‘)r‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘[-¬23Ž¦ëEIŽŸÉIFS‘åà‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘›¬4Ž¡ÉIGNOREEOF‘ 4‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘Ñï¬10,‘T24Ž¡ÉINPUTRC‘x‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘©À¬23ŽŽŸ,$ª’ô¢ ëEKŽ¤’ô¢ Ékeymap‘Ƙ‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘øS¬42Ž©×’ô¢ ëEMŽ¡’ô¢ ÉMAILCHECK‘Úß‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘ š¬23Ž¤’ô¢ ÉMAILPATH‘k9‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘œô¬4Ž¡’ô¢ Émark-modified-lines‘å‘‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘ L¬41Ž¡’ô¢ Émeta-flag‘Úß‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘ š¬41Ž¦’ô¢ ëENŽŸ’ô¢ Éno‘‘$‰c4ÕÂŽ–fæexit‘‘$‰c4ÕÂŽ“on‘‘$‰c4ÕÂŽ“failed‘‘$‰c4ÕÂŽ“exec‘‘‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘»¬24Ž¡’ô¢ Énolinks‘x‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘©À¬24Ž¡’ô¢ Énotify‘Ƙ‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘øS¬31Ž¦’ô¢ ëEOŽŸ’ô¢ ÉOLDPWD‘Ƙ‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘øS¬12Ž¡’ô¢ ÉOPTARG‘_‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘ :¬4Ž¡’ô¢ ÉOPTIND‘_‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘ :¬4Ž¡’ô¢ ÉOSTYPE‘Ƙ‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘øS¬23Ž¡’ô¢ Éoutput-meta=¹‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘ot¬41Ž¦’ô¢ ëEPŽŸ’ô¢ ÉPATH‘—M‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘ɬ4Ž¡’ô¢ ÉPROMPT‘‘$‰c4ÕÂŽ‘fæCOMMAND‘ ‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘ ;K¬23Ž¡’ô¢ ÉPS1‘åà‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘›¬4Ž¡’ô¢ ÉPS2‘åà‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘›¬4Ž¡’ô¢ ÉPS3‘¤‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘ÕÔ¬12Ž¡’ô¢ ÉPS4‘¤‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘ÕÔ¬12Ž¡’ô¢ ÉPWD‘¤‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘ÕÔ¬12Ž¦’ô¢ ëERŽŸ’ô¢ ÉRANDOM‘Ƙ‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘øS¬12Ž¡’ô¢ ÉREPLYó‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘8®¬12Ž¦’ô¢ ëESŽŸ’ô¢ ÉSECONDS‘x‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘©À¬12Ž¡’ô¢ Éshow-all-if-ambiguous‘Hk‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘z&¬42ŽŽŽŽŸŒ‹4›šŸòÝ52’‡ ¹Bash‘¦fF‘ÿeeaturesŽŽŽ ƒ3Ú ý¾ðПêëETŽŸÉTMOUTó‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘8®¬13ŽŽŸê’ô¢ ëEUŽŸ’ô¢ ÉUID‘¤‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘ÕÔ¬23ŽŽŽŽŸŒ‹5ã#ŸòÝAppMÞendix–¦fB:“Concept“Index’D653ŽŽŽ ƒ3Ú ý¨ðÐèApp‘Š=endix–¦MB‘ ¸QConcept“IndexŽŽŸ7~Ÿ,$ªëE$Ž©É$elseó‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘8®¬44Ž¤É$endif‘Ƙ‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘øS¬44Ž¡É$if‘¤‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘ÕÔ¬43Ž¤ó,ëE.Ž¦É.‘ƒ‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘´Á¬3Ž¡ëE:Ž¦É:‘ƒ‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘´Á¬3Ž¡ëE[Ž¦É[‘ƒ‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘´Á¬4Ž¡ëEAŽ¦Éabort‘T(C-g)‘Ú‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘A•¬49Ž¤Éaccept-line–T(Newline,“Return)x‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘©Ð¬45Ž¡Éaliasó‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘8®¬14ŽŸó,ëEBŽ¦Ébackward-char‘T(C-b)‘©z‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘Û5¬44Ž¡Ébackward-delete-char‘T(Rubout)‘´,‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘åç¬46Ž¡Ébackward-kill-line–T(C-x“Rubout)‘é'‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘ â¬47Ž¡Ébackward-kill-word‘T(M-DEL)‘‘­‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘Ãh¬47Ž¡Ébackward-word‘T(M-b)‘©z‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘Û5¬44Ž¡Ébeginning-of-history‘T(M-<)‘‘­‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘Ãh¬45Ž¡Ébeginning-of-line‘T(C-a)‘}f‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘¯!¬44Ž¡Ébg‘ò¬‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘$g¬30Ž¡ÉbindU†‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘‡A¬17Ž¡ÉbreakHº‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘zu¬3Ž¡Ébuiltin‘x‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘©À¬17ŽŸó,ëECŽ¦Écall-last-kbd-macro–T(C-x“e)‘;‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘Fö¬48Ž¡Écapitalize-word‘T(M-c) T‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘>¬47Ž¡Écase‘—M‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘ɬ2Ž¡Écd‘4s‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘f.¬3Ž¡Éclear-screen‘T(C-l)‘ø ‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘)Ȭ45Ž¡Écommand‘x‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘©À¬18ŽŽŸ,$ª’ô¢ Écomplete‘T(TAB)$!‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘Uܬ48Ž¤’ô¢ Écontinue‘k9‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘œô¬3Ž©lÂ’ô¢ ëEDŽŸ’ô¢ Édeclare‘x‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘©À¬18Ž¡’ô¢ Édelete-char‘T(C-d)‘F ‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘x[¬46Ž¡’ô¢ Édelete-horizontal-space‘T()‘‘­‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘Ãh¬47Ž¡’ô¢ Édigit-argument–T(M-0,“M-1,“...“M--)‘“x‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘Å3¬48Ž¡’ô¢ Édirs‘—M‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘ɬ9Ž¡’ô¢ Édisplay-shell-version–T(C-x“C-v)‘é'‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘ â¬49Ž¡’ô¢ Édo-uppercase-version–T(M-a,“M-b,“...)‘2i‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘d$¬49Ž¡’ô¢ Édowncase-word‘T(M-l)‘©z‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘Û5¬47Ž¡’ô¢ Édump-functions‘T()‘F ‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘x[¬49Ž¦’ô¢ ëEEŽŸ’ô¢ Éecho‘—M‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘ɬ3Ž¡’ô¢ Éemacs-editing-mode‘T(C-e)‘.Ó‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘`Ž¬49Ž¡’ô¢ Éenable‘Ƙ‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘øS¬18Ž¡’ô¢ Éend-kbd-macro–T(C-x“))‘Þu‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘0¬48Ž¡’ô¢ Éend-of-history‘T(M->)Zç‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘Œ¢¬45Ž¡’ô¢ Éend-of-line‘T(C-e)‘F ‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘x[¬44Ž¡’ô¢ Éeval‘—M‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘ɬ3Ž¡’ô¢ ev•¾9en“t‘Tdesignators‘Ÿ‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘ÑI¬33Ž¡’ô¢ Éexec‘—M‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘ɬ3Ž¡’ô¢ Éexit‘—M‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘ɬ3Ž¡’ô¢ expansion‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘PÁ¬33Ž¡’ô¢ Éexport‘_‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘ :¬3Ž¦’ô¢ ëEFŽŸ’ô¢ Éfc‘ò¬‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘$g¬11Ž¡’ô¢ Éfg‘ò¬‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘$g¬30Ž¡’ô¢ Éfor‘åà‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘›¬1Ž¡’ô¢ Éforward-char‘T(C-f)‘ø ‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘)Ȭ44Ž¡’ô¢ Éforward-search-history‘T(C-s)‘¿‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘ 4z¬45Ž¡’ô¢ Éforward-word‘T(M-f)‘ø ‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘)Ȭ44Ž¦’ô¢ ëEGŽŸ’ô¢ Égetopts‘¹Ì‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘뇬3ŽŽŽŽŸŒ‹6æÊŸòÝ54’‡ ¹Bash‘¦fF‘ÿeeaturesŽŽŽ ƒ3Ú ý|Ì&Ÿ,$ªëEHŽ©Éhash‘—M‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘ɬ3Ž¤ÉhelpU†‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘‡A¬19Ž¡Éhistory‘¹Ì‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘뇬9Ž¡history‘Tev•¾9en“ts6:‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘gô¬33Ž¡History‘ÿ:«,–Tho¾9w“to“use‘¼‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘±w¬31Ž¡Éhistory-expand-line‘T(M-^)‘à@‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘û¬49Ž¡Éhistory-search-backward‘T()‘‘­‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘Ãh¬45Ž¡Éhistory-search-forward‘T()‘à@‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘û¬45ŽŸ -3ëEIŽ¦Éif‘4s‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘f.¬1Ž¡Éinsert-completions‘T() T‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘>¬48Ž¡Éinsert-last-argument–T(M-.,“M-‘‘$‰c4ÕÂŽ‘fæ)‘„G‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘¶¬49Ž¡in¾9teraction,‘Treadlineb‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘Q¬37Ž¤ -3ëEJŽ¦ÉjobsU†‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘‡A¬30Ž¡ëEKŽ¦Ékill‘—M‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘ɬ3Ž¤Kill‘Tring‘ È‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘;‚¬39Ž¡Ékill-line‘T(C-k)‘ãÆ‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘ ¬47Ž¡Ékill-whole-line‘T()‘ø ‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘)Ȭ47Ž¡Ékill-word‘T(M-d)‘ãÆ‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘ ¬47Ž¡Killing‘Ttext‘ë‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘ج39ŽŸ -3ëELŽ¦Élet‘in‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘›)¬12,‘T26Ž¡Élocaló‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘8®¬19Ž¡Élogout‘_‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘ :¬9ŽŸ -3ëENŽ¦Énext-history‘T(C-n)‘ø ‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘)Ȭ45Ž¡Énon-incremental-forward-search-history‘T(M-n)Ž¡‘®‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘ºq¬45Ž¡Énon-incremental-reverse-search-history‘T(M-p)Ž¡‘®‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘ºq¬45ŽŸ -3ëEOŽ¦Éoperate-and-get-next‘T(C-o)‘‘­‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘Ãh¬49ŽŽŸ,$ª’ô¢ ëEPŽ©’ô¢ Épopd‘—M‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘ɬ8Ž¤’ô¢ Épossible-completions‘T(M-?)‘‘­‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘Ãh¬48Ž¡’ô¢ Éprefix-meta‘T(ESC)‘F ‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘x[¬49Ž¡’ô¢ Éprevious-history‘T(C-p)‘Ëù‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘ý´¬45Ž¡’ô¢ ÉpushdHº‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘zu¬8Ž¡’ô¢ Épwd‘åà‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘›¬3Ž¤ÏÖ’ô¢ ëEQŽ¦’ô¢ Équoted-insert–T(C-q,“C-v)‘ô‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘ 2¯¬46Ž¡’ô¢ ëERŽ¦’ô¢ Ére-read-init-file–T(C-x“C-r)‘;‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘Fö¬49Ž¤’ô¢ Éread‘—M‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘ɬ3Ž¡’ô¢ Readline,–Tho¾9w“to“use‘‘W‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘ì35Ž¡’ô¢ Éreadonly‘k9‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘œô¬3Ž¡’ô¢ Éredraw-current-line‘T()‘Ëù‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘ý´¬45Ž¡’ô¢ Éreturn‘_‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘ :¬4Ž¡’ô¢ Éreverse-search-history‘T(C-r)‘¿‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘ 4z¬45Ž¡’ô¢ Érevert-line‘T(M-r)‘F ‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘x[¬49ŽŸÏÖ’ô¢ ëESŽ¦’ô¢ Éself-insert–T(a,“b,“A,“1,“!,“...)‘ƨ‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘øc¬46Ž¡’ô¢ Éset‘¤‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘ÕÔ¬20Ž¡’ô¢ Éshell-expand-line‘T(M-C-e)‘à@‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘û¬49Ž¡’ô¢ ÉshiftHº‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘zu¬4Ž¡’ô¢ Ésource‘_‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘ :¬9Ž¡’ô¢ Éstart-kbd-macro–T(C-x“()AO‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘s ¬48Ž¡’ô¢ Ésuspend‘x‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘©À¬31ŽŸÏÖ’ô¢ ëETŽ¦’ô¢ Étab-insert‘T(M-TAB)‘ø ‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘)Ȭ46Ž¡’ô¢ Étest‘—M‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘ɬ4Ž¡’ô¢ Étilde-expand‘T(M-~)‘ø ‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘)Ȭ49Ž¡’ô¢ ÉtimesHº‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘zu¬4Ž¡’ô¢ Étranspose-chars‘T(C-t) T‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘>¬46Ž¡’ô¢ Étranspose-words‘T(M-t) T‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘>¬46Ž¡’ô¢ Étrap‘—M‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘ɬ4Ž¡’ô¢ ÉtypeU†‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘‡A¬19Ž¡’ô¢ Étypeset‘x‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘©À¬12ŽŸÏÖ’ô¢ ëEUŽ¦’ô¢ Éulimit‘Ƙ‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘øS¬19ŽŽŽŽŸŒ‹7/5ŸòÝAppMÞendix–¦fB:“Concept“Index’D655ŽŽŽ ƒ3Ú þ(ðРÿ€ÉumaskHº‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘zu¬4Ž¤Éunalias‘x‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘©À¬14Ž¡Éundo–T(C-‘‘$‰c4ÕÂŽ‘fæ,“C-x“C-u)‘èÜ‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘—¬49Ž¡Éuniversal-argument‘T() T‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘>¬48Ž¡Éunix-line-discard‘T(C-u)‘}f‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘¯!¬47Ž¡Éunix-word-rubout‘T(C-w)‘Ëù‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘ý´¬47Ž¡ÉunsetHº‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘zu¬4Ž¡ÉuntilHº‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘zu¬1Ž¡Éupcase-word‘T(M-u)‘F ‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘x[¬46ŽŽ ÿ€’ô¢ ëEWŽ¤’ô¢ Éwait‘—M‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘ɬ4Ž©’ô¢ ÉwhileHº‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘zu¬1ŽŸ’ô¢ ëEYŽ¡’ô¢ Éyank‘T(C-y)‘^m‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘(¬47Ž¦’ô¢ Éyank-last-arg–T(M-.,“M-‘‘$‰c4ÕÂŽ‘fæ)‘œ‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘ÍϬ46Ž¦’ô¢ Éyank-nth-arg‘T(M-C-y)Zç‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘Œ¢¬46Ž¦’ô¢ Éyank-pop‘T(M-y)$!‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘Uܬ47Ž¦’ô¢ Y‘ÿ:«anking‘Ttextå‘ÅU²:Ž–p‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž“‘ÅU:Ž‘6Ÿ¬39ŽŽŽŽŸŒ‹8{ŸòÝ56’‡ ¹Bash‘¦fF‘ÿeeaturesŽŽŽ ƒ3ÚŸŒ‹ÿÿÿÿaŸò’Ò¶œÝiŽŽŽ ƒ3Ú ý¨ðÐèT‘þaGable–¦Mof“Con–ÿuÂten“tsŽŽŸ(O0ëE1‘32Bourne–ffShell“StŒÌyle“F‘þ¦features‘;r‘32óK·ág£ff cmmi12ëK:Ž–Q ‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž‘ òÚëE1Ž©À‘$Ý1.1‘ ó5LoMÞoping‘¦fConstructs‘2›‘é˜ó9  b> ó3 cmmi10ä:Ž–ÝÛ‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž‘ ¶ÓÝ1Ž¤‘$1.2‘ ó5Conditional‘¦fConstructs‘科é˜ä:Ž–ÝÛ‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž‘ kßÝ1Ž¡‘$1.3‘ ó5Shell‘¦fF‘ÿeunctions‘’‘é˜ä:Ž–ÝÛ‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž‘ EÝ2Ž¡‘$1.4‘ ó5Bourne–¦fShell“Builtinsz§‘é˜ä:Ž–ÝÛ‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž‘þÞÝ3Ž¡‘$1.5‘ ó5Bourne–¦fShell“V‘ÿeariables‘6|‘é˜ä:Ž–ÝÛ‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž‘ º´Ý4Ž¡‘$1.6‘ ó5Other–¦fBourne“Shell“F‘ÿeeaturesKä‘é˜ä:Ž–ÝÛ‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž‘ÐÝ5Ž¡‘H1.6.1‘ ó5Ma‘›»jor–¦fDi erences“from“the“Bourne“Shell`ð‘é˜ä:Ž–ÝÛ‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž‘å(Ý5ŽŸëE2‘32C-Shell–ffStŒÌyle“F‘þ¦features1‘32ëK:Ž–Q ‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž‘ Í™ëE7Ž¦‘$Ý2.1‘ ó5Tilde‘¦fExpansionk‘é˜ä:Ž–ÝÛ‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž‘ïTÝ7Ž¡‘$2.2‘ ó5Brace‘¦fExpansion‘²%‘é˜ä:Ž–ÝÛ‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž‘ 6]Ý7Ž¡‘$2.3‘ ó5C–¦fShell“Builtins‘¢”‘é˜ä:Ž–ÝÛ‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž‘ &ÌÝ8Ž¡‘$2.4‘ ó5C–¦fShell“V‘ÿeariables‘¡‘é˜ä:Ž–ÝÛ‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž‘ %ÔÝ10ŽŸëE3‘32Korn–ffShell“StŒÌyle“F‘þ¦features‘¢ì‘32ëK:Ž–Q ‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž‘ZTëE11Ž¦‘$Ý3.1‘ ó5Korn–¦fShell“Constructs‘•å‘é˜ä:Ž–ÝÛ‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž‘ Ý11Ž¡‘$3.2‘ ó5Korn–¦fShell“Builtinsg1‘é˜ä:Ž–ÝÛ‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž‘ëhÝ11Ž¡‘$3.3‘ ó5Korn–¦fShell“V‘ÿeariables‘#‘é˜ä:Ž–ÝÛ‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž‘ §>Ý12Ž¡‘$3.4‘ ó5Aliases‘Ķ‘é˜ä:Ž–ÝÛ‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž‘ HîÝ13Ž¡‘H3.4.1‘ ó5Alias‘¦fBuiltins‘eò‘é˜ä:Ž–ÝÛ‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž‘ ê*Ý14ŽŸëE4‘32Bash–ffSps3eci c“F‘þ¦features‘{µ‘32ëK:Ž–Q ‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž‘ 3ëE15Ž¦‘$Ý4.1‘ ó5In•²!v“oking‘¦fBashD0‘é˜ä:Ž–ÝÛ‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž‘ÈgÝ15Ž¡‘$4.2‘ ó5Bash–¦fStartup“Files‘ªW‘é˜ä:Ž–ÝÛ‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž‘ .ŽÝ16Ž¡‘$4.3‘ ó5Is–¦fThis“Shell“In•²!teractiv“e?‘5‚‘é˜ä:Ž–ÝÛ‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž‘ ¹ºÝ17Ž¡‘$4.4‘ ó5Bash–¦fBuiltin“Commands‘Ií‘é˜ä:Ž–ÝÛ‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž‘ Î%Ý17Ž¡‘$4.5‘ ó5The–¦fSet“Builtin‘ø:‘é˜ä:Ž–ÝÛ‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž‘ |qÝ20Ž¡‘$4.6‘ ó5Bash‘¦fV‘ÿeariables‘I ‘é˜ä:Ž–ÝÛ‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž‘ ÍAÝ22Ž¡‘$4.7‘ ó5Shell‘¦fArithmetic‘U©‘é˜ä:Ž–ÝÛ‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž‘ ÙàÝ24Ž¡‘H4.7.1‘ ó5Arithmetic‘¦fEv‘ÿdDaluation‘[+‘é˜ä:Ž–ÝÛ‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž‘ ßbÝ24Ž¡‘H4.7.2‘ ó5Arithmetic‘¦fExpansion‘Αé˜ä:Ž–ÝÛ‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž‘ REÝ25Ž¡‘H4.7.3‘ ó5Arithmetic‘¦fBuiltins‘ˆ‘é˜ä:Ž–ÝÛ‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž‘ ‰ÀÝ26Ž¡‘$4.8‘ ó5Con²!trolling–¦fthe“Prompt‘>B‘é˜ä:Ž–ÝÛ‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž‘ ÂyÝ26ŽŸëE5‘32Job‘ffConŒÌtrol‘Ç'‘32ëK:Ž–Q ‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž‘ ~ŽëE29Ž¦‘$Ý5.1‘ ó5Job–¦fCon²!trol“Basics‘\z‘é˜ä:Ž–ÝÛ‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž‘ à²Ý29ŽŽŸŒ‹ÿÿÿþ¾ŸòÝii’‹þ—Bash‘¦fF‘ÿeeaturesŽŽŽ ƒ3Ú ý†Ì&‘$5.2‘ ó5Job–¦fCon²!trol“Builtins‘MÙ‘é˜ä:Ž–ÝÛ‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž‘ ÒÝ30Ž¤‘$5.3‘ ó5Job–¦fCon²!trol“V‘ÿeariables‘šÁ‘é˜ä:Ž–ÝÛ‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž‘ ùÝ31Ž©ëE6‘32Using–ffHistory“In•ŒÌteractiv“ely‘(q‘32ëK:Ž–Q ‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž‘ßØëE33ŽŸÀ‘$Ý6.1‘ ó5History‘¦fIn²!teraction‘ë‘‘é˜ä:Ž–ÝÛ‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž‘ oÉÝ33Ž¡‘H6.1.1‘ ó5Ev•²!en“t‘¦fDesignators‘é˜ä:Ž–ÝÛ‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž‘›QÝ33Ž¡‘H6.1.2‘ ó5W‘ÿeord‘¦fDesignators‘éW‘é˜ä:Ž–ÝÛ‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž‘ mŽÝ34Ž¡‘H6.1.3‘ ó5MoMÞdi ers‘‘é˜ä:Ž–ÝÛ‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž‘ HÝ34Ž¦ëE7‘32Command–ffLine“Editing‘"¿‘32ëK:Ž–Q ‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž‘ Ú'ëE37ŽŸÀ‘$Ý7.1‘ ó5In²!troMÞduction–¦fto“Line“Editing —‘é˜ä:Ž–ÝÛ‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž‘‘ÏÝ37Ž¡‘$7.2‘ ó5Readline‘¦fIn²!teractionH ‘é˜ä:Ž–ÝÛ‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž‘ÌCÝ37Ž¡‘H7.2.1‘ ó5Readline–¦fBare“Essen²!tials‘Ï‘é˜ä:Ž–ÝÛ‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž‘ S8Ý38Ž¡‘H7.2.2‘ ó5Readline›¦fMo•²!v“emen“t˜Commands‘âm‘é˜ä:Ž–ÝÛ‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž‘ f¤Ý38Ž¡‘H7.2.3‘ ó5Readline–¦fKilling“Commands‘Ñé‘é˜ä:Ž–ÝÛ‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž‘ V!Ý39Ž¡‘H7.2.4‘ ó5Readline‘¦fArgumen²!ts‘Sf‘é˜ä:Ž–ÝÛ‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž‘ מÝ40Ž¡‘$7.3‘ ó5Readline–¦fInit“File‘ ¯‘é˜ä:Ž–ÝÛ‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž‘ æÝ40Ž¡‘H7.3.1‘ ó5Readline–¦fInit“Syn²!tax‘uz‘é˜ä:Ž–ÝÛ‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž‘ ù±Ý40Ž¡‘H7.3.2‘ ó5Conditional–¦fInit“Constructs‘ê;‘é˜ä:Ž–ÝÛ‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž‘ nsÝ43Ž¡‘$7.4‘ ó5Bindable–¦fReadline“Commands‘óI‘é˜ä:Ž–ÝÛ‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž‘ w€Ý44Ž¡‘H7.4.1‘ ó5Commands–¦fF‘ÿeor“Mo²!ving‘,r‘é˜ä:Ž–ÝÛ‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž‘ °ªÝ44Ž¡‘H7.4.2‘ ó5Commands–¦fF‘ÿeor“Manipulating“The“History‘é/‘é˜ä:Ž–ÝÛ‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž‘ mfÝ45Ž¡‘H7.4.3‘ ó5Commands–¦fF›ÿeor“Changing“T˜ext‘i½‘é˜ä:Ž–ÝÛ‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž‘ íôÝ46Ž¡‘H7.4.4‘ ó5Killing–¦fAnd“Y‘ÿeanking‘ˆñ‘é˜ä:Ž–ÝÛ‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž‘ )Ý47Ž¡‘H7.4.5‘ ó5SpMÞecifying–¦fNumeric“Argumen²!ts‘Ý“‘é˜ä:Ž–ÝÛ‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž‘ aÊÝ48Ž¡‘H7.4.6‘ ó5Letting–¦fReadline“T²!ypMÞe“F›ÿeor“Y˜ou:‘é˜ä:Ž–ÝÛ‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž‘¾GÝ48Ž¡‘H7.4.7‘ ó5KeybMÞoard‘¦fMacros‘Rt‘é˜ä:Ž–ÝÛ‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž‘ Ö«Ý48Ž¡‘H7.4.8‘ ó5Some–¦fMiscellaneous“Commands‘æQ‘é˜ä:Ž–ÝÛ‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž‘ jˆÝ49Ž¡‘$7.5‘ ó5Readline–¦fvi“MoMÞde‘ø7‘é˜ä:Ž–ÝÛ‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž‘ |nÝ50Ž¦ëEApps3endix–ffA‘32V‘þ¦fariable“Index‘Vù‘32ëK:Ž–Q ‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž‘aëE51ŽŸ!ÀApps3endix–ffB‘32Concept“Index‘¬O‘32ëK:Ž–Q ‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž‘c¶ëE53ŽŽŸŒøÄ:ƒ’À;è›3ÚÕÁG<óUÂÖN ¼j cmbx12óMÂÖN  #× cmbx12óK·ág£ff cmmi12óEÂÖN ff cmbx12ó=ÂÖN G® cmbx12ó:!",š ó3 cmsy10ó9  b> ó3 cmmi10ó6p®0J ó3 cmsl10ó3ßê58 D E /Fb 1 59 df<78FCFCFCFC7806067B8510>58 D E /Fc 35 122 df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d 1 59 df<60F0F06004047D830B>58 D E /Fe 68 127 df<60F0F0F0F0F0F0F0F0F0F0F0 F0F0600000000060F0F0600417789614>33 D<00800180018007E01FF039BC619CC18EC18EC18E C18471807F803FE00FF001F8019C018E4186E186E186E186718C39B81FF00FC00180018000800F 1D7E9914>36 D<00C001C0030006000C001C0038003000700070006000E000E000E000E000E000 E000E000600070007000300038001C000C000600030001C000C00A1D7A9914>40 D<8000C0006000300018001C000E00060007000700030003800380038003800380038003800300 0700070006000E001C00180030006000C0008000091D7C9914>I<70F8FCFC7C0C1830E0C0060A 798414>44 DI<70F8F8F8700505798414>I<07C00FE01C70383830 18701C701CE00EE00EE00EE00EE00EE00EE00EE00EE00E701C701C383838381C700FE007C00F17 7E9614>48 D<0300030007000F003F00F700470007000700070007000700070007000700070007 0007000700070007007FF07FF00C177C9614>I<0FC01FF03838701CE00EE00EE00E400E000E00 1C001C00380030007000E001C0030006000C00180E300E7FFE7FFE0F177E9614>I<0FC01FF038 38701C701C201C001C001C0038007007E007F00038001C000E000E400EE00EE00E701C78383FF0 0FC00F177E9614>I<00780000F80001B80001B8000338000338000638000E38000C38001C3800 383800303800703800E03800FFFF80FFFF8000380000380000380000380000380001FF0001FF00 11177F9614>I<70F8F8F87000000000000070F8F8F8700510798F14>58 D<000E003E007C00F003E007C01F003E00F800F000F8003E001F0007C003E000F0007C003E000E 0F137E9414>60 D<4000E000F8007C001E000F8007C001F000F8003E001E003E00F801F007C00F 801E007C00F800E00040000F157E9514>62 D<1FE03FF8701CE00EE00E400E003C007000E001C0 03800380038003800300000000000000000003000780078003000F177E9614>I<01C00003E000 03E0000360000360000770000770000770000770000630000E38000E38000E38000E38000E3800 1FFC001FFC001C1C001C1C003C1E00380E00FE3F80FE3F8011177F9614>65 DI<03C60FFE1C3E181E381E700E700E600EE000E000E000E000 E000E000E000600E700E700E380C181C1C380FF003C00F177E9614>IIII< 03C60FFE1C3E181E381E700E700E600EE000E000E000E000E07FE07FE00E600E700E700E381E18 1E1C3E0FFE03CE10177F9614>III 75 DIII<1FF07FFC783C701CE00EE00EE00EE00EE00EE00EE00EE00EE00E E00EE00EE00EE00EE00EE00E701C783C7FFC1FF00F177E9614>II82 D<0FCC1FFC307C603CE01CE01CE01CE00070007E003FE00FF001F8001C001E000E600EE00EE00E F01CF838FFF0C7E00F177E9614>I<7FFF80FFFF80E1C380E1C380E1C380E1C38001C00001C000 01C00001C00001C00001C00001C00001C00001C00001C00001C00001C00001C00001C00001C000 0FF8000FF80011177F9614>IIII89 D<7FFEFFFEE01CE01CE038E038007000E000E001C001C00380070007000E000E001C 00380E380E700E700EFFFEFFFE0F177E9614>II<04001F007FC0F1E0E0E00B057C9614>94 D<1FC0007FF000707800201800001C 00001C0007FC001FFC003C1C00701C00E01C00E01C00E01C00707C003FFF800F8F8011107E8F14 >97 D I<03F80FFC1C1C380870006000E000E000E000E00060007000380E1C1E0FFC03F00F107E8F14> I<007E00007E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E0007CE000FFE001C3E00301E00700E00E00E 00E00E00E00E00E00E00E00E00E00E00700E00301E00383E001FEFC007CFC012177F9614>I<07 E00FF01C38301C700CE00EE00EFFFEFFFEE00060007000380E1C1E0FFC03F00F107E8F14>I<00 7C00FE01CE03840380038003807FFEFFFE03800380038003800380038003800380038003800380 03807FFC7FFC0F177F9614>I<07CF001FFF80383B80301800701C00701C00701C003018003838 003FF00037C0007000007000003FF8001FFC003FFE00700F00E00380E00380E00380E003807007 003C1E001FFC0007F00011197F8F14>II<030007800780030000000000000000007F807F8003800380 0380038003800380038003800380038003800380FFFCFFFC0E187D9714>I<006000F000F00060 00000000000000001FF01FF0007000700070007000700070007000700070007000700070007000 70007000700070007040E0E0C07F803F000C207E9714>IIIII<07C01FF03C78701C701C E00EE00EE00EE00EE00EE00E701C783C3C781FF007C00F107E8F14>II<03CE000FFE001C3E00 301E00700E00E00E00E00E00E00E00E00E00E00E00E00E00700E00301E001C3E000FEE0007CE00 000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00007FC0007FC012187F8F14>II<0FD83FF86038C038C038F0007F803FF007F8001C6006E006F006F81CFFF8CF E00F107E8F14>I<030007000700070007007FFCFFFC0700070007000700070007000700070007 0E070E070E070C03FC00F00F157F9414>IIII<7E3F007E3F001E38000E7800 07700007E00003E00001C00003C00003E0000770000E78000E38001C1C00FE3F80FE3F8011107F 8F14>II<3FFF7FFF700E701C7038007000E001C0038007000E001C0738077007FFFFFFFF1010 7F8F14>I<1C103F38E7E041C00D047D9614>126 D E /Ff 51 122 df<0003FC0FE0001FFF3FF8 007E03FC7801F807F0FC03F00FF0FC03F00FE0FC07E00FE07807E007E00007E007E00007E007E0 0007E007E00007E007E00007E007E00007E007E000FFFFFFFF80FFFFFFFF8007E007E00007E007 E00007E007E00007E007E00007E007E00007E007E00007E007E00007E007E00007E007E00007E0 07E00007E007E00007E007E00007E007E00007E007E00007E007E00007E007E00007E007E00007 E007E00007E007E00007E007E0007FFE7FFF007FFE7FFF0026267FA524>11 D<0003FC00003FFE00007E070001F80F8003F01F8003E01F8007E01F8007E01F8007E01F8007E0 060007E0000007E0000007E0000007E0FFC0FFFFFFC0FFFFFFC007E00FC007E00FC007E00FC007 E00FC007E00FC007E00FC007E00FC007E00FC007E00FC007E00FC007E00FC007E00FC007E00FC0 07E00FC007E00FC007E00FC007E00FC007E00FC007E00FC007E00FC07FFC7FFC7FFC7FFC1E267F A522>I<3C7EFFFFFFFF7E3C08087C8711>46 D<001C00003C0000FC00FFFC00FFFC0000FC0000 FC0000FC0000FC0000FC0000FC0000FC0000FC0000FC0000FC0000FC0000FC0000FC0000FC0000 FC0000FC0000FC0000FC0000FC0000FC0000FC0000FC0000FC0000FC0000FC0000FC0000FC0000 FC007FFFFC7FFFFC16237CA21F>49 D<01FF0007FFC01E07F03803F86001FC7C00FEFE00FEFE00 FFFE007FFE007F7C007F3800FF0000FF0000FE0000FE0001FC0001F80003F00007E0000780000F 00001E00003C0000700000E00301C0030380070700060600060FFFFE1FFFFE3FFFFE7FFFFCFFFF FCFFFFFC18237DA21F>I<01FF0007FFE01E03F03801F83C01FC7E00FE7E00FE7E00FE3E00FE1C 01FE0001FC0001FC0003F80007F0000FC001FF0001FF000007E00001F00001F80000FC0000FE00 00FF0000FF1000FF7C00FFFE00FFFE00FFFE00FEFE00FE7C01FC7001F83E07F00FFFC001FF0018 237DA21F>I<0000380000007800000078000000F8000001F8000003F8000007F8000006F80000 0CF800001CF8000038F8000030F8000060F80000E0F80001C0F8000180F8000300F8000700F800 0E00F8001C00F8001800F8003000F8007000F800E000F800FFFFFFC0FFFFFFC00001F8000001F8 000001F8000001F8000001F8000001F8000001F800007FFFC0007FFFC01A237EA21F>I<18000C 1F007C1FFFF81FFFF01FFFE01FFFC01FFF801FFE0018000018000018000018000018000018FF00 1BFFE01F01F01C00F80800FC00007E00007E00007E00007F00007F78007FFC007FFC007FFC007F FC007EF8007E6000FC7000FC3801F81E07E007FFC001FE0018237DA21F>I<001FC0007FF001F8 3803E00C07803E0F807E1F007E3F007E3F007E7E003C7E00007E00007E0000FE3FC0FE7FF0FE80 F8FF80FCFF007CFF007EFE007EFE007FFE007FFE007FFE007F7E007F7E007F7E007F7E007F3E00 7E3F007E1F007C0F80F807C1F003FFC0007F0018237DA21F>I<300000003C0000003FFFFFC03F FFFFC03FFFFF807FFFFF007FFFFE007FFFFC006000180060001800E0003000C0006000C000C000 0001800000018000000300000007000000060000000E0000001E0000001E0000001E0000003C00 00003C0000007C0000007C0000007C0000007C000000FC000000FC000000FC000000FC000000FC 000000FC000000FC000000780000003000001A257DA41F>I<00FF8003FFE00F01F81C007C3800 3C38001E78001E78001E7C001E7E001E7F803C7FE03C3FF8781FFCF01FFFC00FFFC003FFE003FF F80FFFFC1E1FFC3C07FE7801FE7800FFF0003FF0001FF0000FF0000FF0000FF0000E78000E7800 1C3E00381F80F007FFE000FF0018237DA21F>I<00001C00000000001C00000000003E00000000 003E00000000003E00000000007F00000000007F0000000000FF8000000000FF8000000000FF80 000000019FC0000000019FC0000000031FE0000000030FE0000000030FE00000000607F0000000 0607F00000000C07F80000000C03F80000001C03FC0000001801FC0000001801FC0000003001FE 0000003000FE0000007FFFFF0000007FFFFF00000060007F000000C0007F800000C0003F800001 C0003FC0000180001FC0000180001FC0000300000FE0000300000FE0000780000FF000FFF801FF FF80FFF801FFFF8029257EA42E>65 DI<0000FF8008000FFFF018003FC03C7800FE0006F801F80003F803 F00001F807E00000F80FC00000781FC00000783F800000383F800000387F800000187F00000018 7F00000018FF00000000FF00000000FF00000000FF00000000FF00000000FF00000000FF000000 00FF00000000FF000000007F000000007F000000187F800000183F800000183F800000181FC000 00300FC000003007E000006003F00000C001F800018000FE000700003FC01E00000FFFF8000000 FFC00025257DA42C>IIII72 DI75 DI< FFF8000000FFF8FFFC000001FFF803FC000001FE00037E0000037E00037E0000037E00037E0000 037E00033F0000067E00033F0000067E00031F80000C7E00031F80000C7E00030FC000187E0003 0FC000187E000307E000307E000307E000307E000307E000307E000303F000607E000303F00060 7E000301F800C07E000301F800C07E000300FC01807E000300FC01807E0003007E03007E000300 7E03007E0003007E03007E0003003F06007E0003003F06007E0003001F8C007E0003001F8C007E 0003000FD8007E0003000FD8007E00030007F0007E00030007F0007E00030007F0007E00030003 E0007E00078003E0007E00FFFC01C01FFFF8FFFC01C01FFFF835257EA43A>II82 D<00FF008007FFE3800F80F7801E001F80 3C000F807800078078000380F8000380F8000180F8000180FC000180FC000000FF0000007FE000 007FFF00003FFFE0003FFFF8001FFFFE0007FFFF0003FFFF80007FFF800003FFC000003FC00000 0FE0000007E0000007E0C00003E0C00003E0C00003E0C00003C0E00003C0F00007C0F8000780FC 000F00FFC03E00E3FFF800803FE0001B257DA422>I<7FFFFFFFF87FFFFFFFF87E00FE01F87800 FE00787000FE00386000FE00186000FE0018E000FE001CE000FE000CC000FE000CC000FE000CC0 00FE000CC000FE000C0000FE00000000FE00000000FE00000000FE00000000FE00000000FE0000 0000FE00000000FE00000000FE00000000FE00000000FE00000000FE00000000FE00000000FE00 000000FE00000000FE00000000FE00000000FE00000000FE00000000FE00000000FE000000FFFF FE0000FFFFFE0026247EA32B>I87 D 89 D<07FF00001FFFC0003E03E0003F01F0003F01F8003F00FC001E00FC000000FC000000FC00 0000FC00003FFC0003FCFC000FC0FC003F00FC007E00FC007E00FC00FC00FC00FC00FC00FC00FC 00FC017C007E017C003F067C001FFC3FE007F01FE01B187E971E>97 DI<007FE003FFF807 C07C1F80FC1F00FC3F00FC7E00787E0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE 00007E00007F00003F000C1F800C1FC01807E07003FFE0007F0016187E971B>I<0001FF800001 FF8000001F8000001F8000001F8000001F8000001F8000001F8000001F8000001F8000001F8000 001F8000001F8000001F80007F1F8003FFDF8007E0FF801F803F803F001F803F001F807E001F80 7E001F80FE001F80FE001F80FE001F80FE001F80FE001F80FE001F80FE001F80FE001F807E001F 807E001F803F001F803F003F801F807F800FC0FF8003FF9FF800FE1FF81D267EA522>I<007F00 03FFC007C1F00F80F81F00F83F007C7E007C7E007EFE007EFE007EFFFFFEFFFFFEFE0000FE0000 FE00007E00007E00007E00063F00061F000C0F801807E07003FFE0007F8017187E971C>I<000F C0007FF000F8F001F1F803F1F803E1F807E0F007E00007E00007E00007E00007E00007E00007E0 00FFFF00FFFF0007E00007E00007E00007E00007E00007E00007E00007E00007E00007E00007E0 0007E00007E00007E00007E00007E00007E00007E00007E00007E0007FFF007FFF0015267EA513 >I<01FF07C007FFDFE00F83F1E01F01F1E03E00F8007E00FC007E00FC007E00FC007E00FC007E 00FC007E00FC003E00F8001F01F0000F83E0000FFFC00011FF0000300000003000000038000000 3C0000003FFFE0001FFFFC001FFFFE000FFFFF001FFFFF803C003F8078000FC0F80007C0F80007 C0F80007C0F80007C07C000F803E001F001F807E0007FFF80000FFC0001B247E971F>II< 0F001F803FC03FC03FC03FC01F800F000000000000000000000000000000FFC0FFC00FC00FC00F C00FC00FC00FC00FC00FC00FC00FC00FC00FC00FC00FC00FC00FC00FC00FC00FC00FC0FFF8FFF8 0D277EA611>I<001E00003F00007F80007F80007F80007F80003F00001E000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000001FF8001FF80001F80001F80001F80001F80001F80001F80001F 80001F80001F80001F80001F80001F80001F80001F80001F80001F80001F80001F80001F80001F 80001F80001F80001F80001F80001F80001F80781F80FC1F00FC3F00FC3E00787C003FF8000FE0 00113283A613>IIIII<007F80 0003FFF00007C0F8001F807E003F003F003F003F007E001F807E001F80FE001FC0FE001FC0FE00 1FC0FE001FC0FE001FC0FE001FC0FE001FC0FE001FC07E001F807E001F803F003F003F003F001F 807E000FC0FC0003FFF000007F80001A187E971F>II114 D<07F9801FFF803C0F80700380F00180F00180F00180FC00 00FF80007FFC007FFE003FFF800FFFC003FFC0001FE00003E0C001E0C001E0E001E0E001C0F003 C0FC0780EFFF00C3FC0013187E9718>I<00600000600000600000600000E00000E00001E00001 E00003E00007E0001FE000FFFFC0FFFFC007E00007E00007E00007E00007E00007E00007E00007 E00007E00007E00007E00007E00007E06007E06007E06007E06007E06007E06003E0C003F0C001 FF80007E0013237FA218>III120 DI E /Fg 39 122 df<0003E0001C1800381800703C00E03C00E03801C00001C00001C00001C0 0001C0000380007FFFF00380700380700380700380700700E00700E00700E00700E00700E00700 E00E01C00E01C00E01C00E01C00E01C00E01C01C03801E03C0FF0FF816207E9F19>12 D<0003F03F00001E09E08000380F80C000701F01E000E03E01E000E01E01C001C01C000001C01C 000001C01C000001C01C000001C01C000003803800007FFFFFFF80038038038003803803800380 38038003803803800700700700070070070007007007000700700700070070070007007007000E 00E00E000E00E00E000E00E00E000E00E00E000E00E00E000E00E00E001C01C01C001E01E01E00 FF8FF8FFC023207E9F26>14 D<00001004000000300C000000300C000000601800000060180000 006018000000C030000000C03000000180600000018060000001806000000300C000000300C000 000300C00000060180001FFFFFFF003FFFFFFF8000180600000018060000001806000000300C00 0000300C000000300C000000300C00000060180000FFFFFFFE007FFFFFFC000180600000018060 000001806000000300C000000300C000000601800000060180000006018000000C030000000C03 0000000C0300000018060000001806000000100400000021297C9F26>35 D45 D<000C001C00FC0F38003800380038003800380070007000700070 0070007000E000E000E000E000E000E001C001C001C001C001C001C0038003C0FFFE0F1E7C9D17 >49 D<003F8000C1E00100F00200780400780400780F007C0F807C0F807C0F00780600780000F8 0000F00001E00001C0000380000700000E00001C0000380000600000C000018000030020060020 0800401000403FFFC07FFF80FFFF80161E7E9D17>I<0E1F1F1E0C000000000000000000003078 F8787008147C930D>58 D<1FFFFFF83FFFFFFC0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000FFFFFFF07FFFFFE01E0C7C9023>61 D<07FFE0007C00003C00003C 0000780000780000780000780000780000780000F00000F00000F00000F00000F00000F00001E0 0001E00001E00001E00001E00001E00003C00003C00003C00003C00003C00003C00007800007C0 00FFFC00131F7F9E10>73 D<07FFE07FE0007C001F00003C000C00003C00180000780010000078 004000007800800000780100000078020000007804000000F008000000F010000000F060000000 F0F0000000F1F0000000F278000001E478000001E878000001F03C000001E03C000001E01E0000 01E01E000003C00F000003C00F000003C00F000003C007800003C007800003C003C000078003C0 0007C007E000FFFC3FFC00231F7E9E23>75 D<0003F800001E0E000038070000E0038001C001C0 03C001E0078000E00F0000F00F0000F01E0000F01E0000F83E0000F83C0000F87C0000F87C0000 F87C0000F87C0000F8F80001F0F80001F0F80001F0F80001F0F80003E0780003E0780003C07800 07C07C0007803C000F003C001E001E001C000E0038000700F00003C3C00000FE00001D217B9F23 >79 D<07FFFF00007C03C0003C01E0003C00F0007800F0007800F8007800F8007800F8007800F8 007800F000F001F000F001E000F003C000F0078000F00F0000FFF80001E0000001E0000001E000 0001E0000001E0000001E0000003C0000003C0000003C0000003C0000003C0000003C000000780 000007C00000FFFC00001D1F7E9E1F>I<003F040060CC01803C03801C03001C0700180600080E 00080E00080E00080E00000F00000F80000FE00007FE0003FF8001FFC0007FE00007E00001E000 00E00000F00000F04000E04000E04000E04000E06000C0600180E00380F80300C60C0081F80016 217D9F19>83 D<03FFC0FFC0007F007E00003E003800001E003000001E002000000F004000000F 008000000F81000000078200000007C600000003C400000003E800000001F000000001F0000000 00F000000000F800000000F8000000017C000000023C000000043C0000000C1E000000081E0000 00101F000000200F000000400F800000C0078000008007C000010003C000070003E0001F8007E0 00FFE01FFE00221F7F9E22>88 D<07F8000C0C001E06001E07001C070000070000070000070000 FF0007C7001E07003C0E00780E00F00E10F00E10F00E10F01E10F02E20784F401F878014147D93 17>97 D<0700003F00000F00000700000700000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00001C00 001C7C001D87001E03801C01C01C01C03801C03801E03801E03801E03801E03801E07003C07003 C0700380700780700700700E00E81C00C4380083E00013207B9F19>I<01FC07060E0F1C0F380E 78007000F000F000F000F000E000E000E000E000F0027004300818300FC010147C9314>I<0000 700003F00000F00000700000700000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00001C000F9C00305 C00E03C01C03C03801C0780380700380F00380F00380F00380F00380E00700E00700E00700E007 00E00700700F00301E00186F000F8FE014207C9F19>I<00F800070E000E07001C070038038078 0380700380F00380F00380FFFF80F00000E00000E00000E00000E00000F001007002003004001C 180007E00011147D9314>I<0007800018C00031E00061E000E1C000C00001C00001C00001C000 01C00001C0000380007FF800038000038000038000038000070000070000070000070000070000 0700000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00001C00001E0000FFE00013207E9F0E>I<0000 0E003E1100E1A301C1C20381E00780E00701E00F01E00F01E00F01E00703C007038007870004FC 000800000800001800001C00000FFF000FFFC007FFE01800F0300030600030C00030C00030C000 306000603000C01C070007FC00181F809417>I<00E00007E00001E00000E00000E00001C00001 C00001C00001C00001C00001C000038000038F800390E003A0E003C0600380600780E00700E007 00E00700E00700E00700E00E01C00E01C00E01C00E01C00E01C00E01C01C03801E03C0FFCFF815 207E9F19>I<01C003E003E003C0018000000000000000000000000003801F8007800380038007 00070007000700070007000E000E000E000E000E000E001C001E00FF800B1F7F9E0C>I<000380 0007C00007C0000780000300000000000000000000000000000000000000000700007F00000F00 000700000700000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00001C00001C00001C00001C00001C00 001C00003800003800003800003800003800003800007000607000F06000F0C0006180003F0000 1228839E0E>I<00E00007E00001E00000E00000E00001C00001C00001C00001C00001C00001C0 000380000383FC0380F00380C0038180038100070400070800071800073800077C00071C000E1C 000E0E000E0E000E0F000E07000E07801C03801E07C0FF8FF016207E9F18>I<00E007E001E000 E000E001C001C001C001C001C001C0038003800380038003800380070007000700070007000700 0E000E000E000E000E000E001C001E00FFC00B207F9F0C>I<0387C07C001F9861860007A07207 0003C0340300038038030007807807000700700700070070070007007007000700700700070070 07000E00E00E000E00E00E000E00E00E000E00E00E000E00E00E000E00E00E001C01C01C001E01 E01E00FFCFFCFFC022147E9326>I<038F801F90E007A0E003C0600380600780E00700E00700E0 0700E00700E00700E00E01C00E01C00E01C00E01C00E01C00E01C01C03801E03C0FFCFF815147E 9319>I<00FC000387000E01801C00C03800E03800E07000F0F000F0F000F0F000F0F000F0E001 E0E001E0E001C0E003C0F00380700700380E001C1C0007E00014147D9317>I<00E3E007EC3800 F01C00E01E00E00E01C00E01C00F01C00F01C00F01C00F01C00F03801E03801E03801C03803C03 80380380700740E00721C0071F000700000700000700000E00000E00000E00000E00001E0000FF C000181D809319>I<00F040038CC00E04C01C03C03C03C0780380780380F00380F00380F00380 F00380E00700E00700E00700F00700F00F00700F00301E00186E000F8E00000E00000E00000E00 001C00001C00001C00001C00003C0001FF80121D7C9318>I<038E001FB38007C78003C7800383 000780000700000700000700000700000700000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00001C00 001E0000FFE00011147E9312>I<01F2060E080618061802380438001E001FE00FF003F8003C40 1C400C400C600C6018E010D0608FC00F147E9312>I<0080010001000100030007000F001E00FF F80E000E000E000E001C001C001C001C001C001C00380038203820382038203840384018800F00 0D1C7C9B12>I<1C0380FC1F803C07801C03801C03803807003807003807003807003807003807 00700E00700E00700E00700E00701E00701E00703C00305E001F9FC012147B9319>III<1FF0FF03C078 01C06001C04000E08000E180007300007600003C00003C00001C00002E00004E00008700010700 0203800603800C01C03E03E0FF07FC18147F9318>I<0FF83F8001E00E0001C00C0001C0080000 E0180000E0100000E0200000E0200000F040000070400000708000007080000071000000390000 003A0000003E0000003C0000003800000018000000100000001000000020000000200000004000 0070C00000F0800000F1000000E20000007C000000191D809318>I E /Fh 44 122 df<00003FF800000003FFFE0000000FF80F8000003FC001C000007F0007E00000FE000F E00001FE001FF00001FC001FF00003FC001FF00003FC001FF00003FC000FE00003FC0007C00003 FC0001000003FC0000000003FC0000000003FC0000000003FC0000000003FC00000000FFFFFFFF F000FFFFFFFFF000FFFFFFFFF00003FC001FF00003FC000FF00003FC000FF00003FC000FF00003 FC000FF00003FC000FF00003FC000FF00003FC000FF00003FC000FF00003FC000FF00003FC000F F00003FC000FF00003FC000FF00003FC000FF00003FC000FF00003FC000FF00003FC000FF00003 FC000FF00003FC000FF00003FC000FF00003FC000FF00003FC000FF00003FC000FF00003FC000F F00003FC000FF00003FC000FF0007FFFE1FFFF807FFFE1FFFF807FFFE1FFFF8029327FB12D>12 D45 D<0001C0000003C00000 0FC000007FC0001FFFC000FFFFC000FFBFC000E03FC000003FC000003FC000003FC000003FC000 003FC000003FC000003FC000003FC000003FC000003FC000003FC000003FC000003FC000003FC0 00003FC000003FC000003FC000003FC000003FC000003FC000003FC000003FC000003FC000003F C000003FC000003FC000003FC000003FC000003FC000003FC000003FC000003FC000003FC00000 3FC000003FC0007FFFFFE07FFFFFE07FFFFFE01B2E7AAD28>49 D<003FE00001FFFE0007FFFF80 0F80FFC01E003FE038001FF07C000FF87E0007FCFF0007FCFF8007FEFF8007FEFF8003FEFF8003 FE7F0003FE3E0007FE000007FE000007FC000007FC00000FF800000FF800000FF000001FE00000 1FC000003F8000007F0000007E000000F8000001F0000003E0000007C000000F0000001E000E00 3C000E0038000E0070001E00E0001C01C0001C0300003C07FFFFFC0FFFFFFC1FFFFFFC3FFFFFFC 7FFFFFF8FFFFFFF8FFFFFFF8FFFFFFF81F2E7CAD28>I<001FF80000007FFF000001FFFFC00003 E03FE00007800FF0000FC00FF8001FE007F8001FE007FC001FE007FC001FE007FC001FE007FC00 0FC007FC00078007FC0000000FF80000000FF80000000FF00000001FE00000001FC00000003F80 000000FE0000003FF80000003FFF800000001FE000000007F000000007F800000003FC00000003 FE00000001FF00000001FF00000001FF80000001FF80000001FF801C0001FF803E0001FF807F00 01FF80FF8001FF80FF8001FF00FF8001FF00FF8003FE007F0003FE007E0007FC003C0007F8001F C01FF0000FFFFFC00003FFFF0000003FF80000212E7DAD28>I<0000007000000000F000000001 F000000003F000000007F00000000FF00000000FF00000001FF00000003FF000000077F0000000 F7F0000000E7F0000001C7F000000387F000000707F000000F07F000000E07F000001C07F00000 3807F000007007F00000F007F00000E007F00001C007F000038007F000070007F0000F0007F000 0E0007F0001C0007F000380007F000700007F000E00007F000FFFFFFFFE0FFFFFFFFE0FFFFFFFF E000000FF00000000FF00000000FF00000000FF00000000FF00000000FF00000000FF00000000F F00000000FF000000FFFFFE0000FFFFFE0000FFFFFE0232E7EAD28>I<0C0000300FC003F00FFF FFE00FFFFFC00FFFFF800FFFFF000FFFFE000FFFF8000FFFF0000FFF80000E0000000E0000000E 0000000E0000000E0000000E0000000E0000000E0000000E1FF0000E7FFE000FE03F800F800FC0 0E0007E00C0007F0000007F8000003FC000003FC000003FC000003FE000003FE180003FE3E0003 FE7F0003FEFF0003FEFF0003FEFF0003FCFF0003FCFE0003FC780007F8780007F03C000FE01E00 1FC00FC07F8007FFFF0001FFFC00003FE0001F2E7CAD28>I<0000FF80000007FFE000001FFFF0 00007F80F80000FE003C0001F8007C0003F000FE0007F001FE000FE001FE000FE001FE001FC001 FE003FC000FC003FC00078003FC00000007F800000007F800000007F80000000FF83FC0000FF8F FF8000FF9C0FC000FFB003F000FFB001F800FFE001FC00FFC001FE00FFC000FE00FFC000FF00FF C000FF00FF8000FF80FF8000FF80FF8000FF80FF8000FF807F8000FF807F8000FF807F8000FF80 7F8000FF803F8000FF003FC000FF001FC000FF001FC000FE000FC001FC0007E001FC0003F003F8 0001FC0FE00000FFFFC000003FFF0000000FFC0000212E7DAD28>I<38000000003E000000003F FFFFFFC03FFFFFFFC03FFFFFFFC03FFFFFFF807FFFFFFF007FFFFFFE007FFFFFFC007FFFFFF800 78000038007000007000700000E000F00001C000E000038000E000070000E00007000000000E00 0000001C00000000380000000038000000007800000000F000000000F000000001F000000001E0 00000003E000000003E000000007E000000007E00000000FC00000000FC00000000FC00000001F C00000001FC00000001FC00000001FC00000001FC00000003FC00000003FC00000003FC0000000 3FC00000003FC00000003FC00000003FC00000003FC00000001F800000000F00000022307CAF28 >I<0000007800000000000078000000000000FC000000000000FC000000000000FC0000000000 01FE000000000001FE000000000003FF000000000003FF000000000007FF800000000007FF8000 00000007FF80000000000FFFC0000000000E7FC0000000001E7FE0000000001C3FE0000000001C 3FE000000000383FF000000000381FF000000000781FF800000000700FF800000000700FF80000 0000E00FFC00000000E007FC00000001E007FE00000001C003FE00000001C003FE000000038003 FF000000038001FF000000078001FF800000070000FF800000070000FF8000000FFFFFFFC00000 0FFFFFFFC000001FFFFFFFE000001C00003FE000003C00003FF000003800001FF000003800001F F000007000001FF800007000000FF80000F000000FFC0000E0000007FC0000E0000007FC0001C0 000007FE0003E0000003FE00FFFF8001FFFFFCFFFF8001FFFFFCFFFF8001FFFFFC36317DB03D> 65 DI<000003FF80018000003FFFF003800001FFFFFC07800007FF003F0F80001FF800079F80003F C00001FF8000FF800000FF8001FE0000007F8003FC0000003F8007FC0000001F8007F80000000F 800FF00000000F801FF000000007801FF000000007803FE000000007803FE000000003807FE000 000003807FE000000003807FC000000000007FC00000000000FFC00000000000FFC00000000000 FFC00000000000FFC00000000000FFC00000000000FFC00000000000FFC00000000000FFC00000 000000FFC000000000007FC000000000007FC000000000007FE000000000007FE000000003803F E000000003803FE000000003801FF000000003801FF000000007800FF0000000070007F8000000 070007FC0000000E0003FC0000001E0001FE0000001C0000FF8000007800003FC00000F000001F F80003E0000007FF003F80000001FFFFFE000000003FFFF80000000003FF80000031317CB03A> I69 DI72 DI<007F FFFFC0007FFFFFC0007FFFFFC000001FF00000001FF00000001FF00000001FF00000001FF00000 001FF00000001FF00000001FF00000001FF00000001FF00000001FF00000001FF00000001FF000 00001FF00000001FF00000001FF00000001FF00000001FF00000001FF00000001FF00000001FF0 0000001FF00000001FF00000001FF00000001FF00000001FF00000001FF00000001FF00000001F F00000001FF00000001FF00000001FF00000001FF0001C001FF0003E001FF0007F001FF000FF80 1FF000FF801FF000FF801FE000FF803FE0007F003FC0007E003F80003C007F00001F01FE000007 FFF8000000FFC0000022317DB02A>III<001FF8018000FFFF038003FFFFC78007F007EF800F8000FF80 1F00007F803E00001F803E00000F807C00000F807C00000780FC00000780FC00000780FC000003 80FE00000380FE00000380FF00000000FFC00000007FF00000007FFF8000003FFFF800003FFFFF 80001FFFFFF0000FFFFFF80007FFFFFE0003FFFFFF0000FFFFFF80003FFFFF800001FFFFC00000 1FFFE0000000FFE00000003FE00000001FF00000000FF000000007F060000007F0E0000003F0E0 000003F0E0000003F0E0000003E0F0000003E0F0000003E0F8000007C0FC000007C0FF00000F80 FFC0001F00FBFC00FE00F1FFFFF800E03FFFF000C003FF800024317CB02D>83 D<7FFFFFFFFFFF007FFFFFFFFFFF007FFFFFFFFFFF007FC00FF801FF007E000FF8003F007C000F F8001F0078000FF8000F0078000FF8000F0070000FF8000700F0000FF8000780F0000FF8000780 F0000FF8000780E0000FF8000380E0000FF8000380E0000FF8000380E0000FF8000380E0000FF8 00038000000FF800000000000FF800000000000FF800000000000FF800000000000FF800000000 000FF800000000000FF800000000000FF800000000000FF800000000000FF800000000000FF800 000000000FF800000000000FF800000000000FF800000000000FF800000000000FF80000000000 0FF800000000000FF800000000000FF800000000000FF800000000000FF800000000000FF80000 0000000FF800000000000FF800000000000FF800000000000FF800000000000FF800000000000F F8000000007FFFFFFF0000007FFFFFFF0000007FFFFFFF000031307DAF38>II I<00FFF0000003FFFE00000F803F80000FC00FE0001FE007F0001FE007F0001FE003F8000FC003 FC00078003FC00000003FC00000003FC00000003FC00000003FC000000FFFC00001FFFFC0000FF E3FC0003FC03FC000FF003FC001FC003FC003FC003FC007F8003FC007F8003FC00FF0003FC00FF 0003FC00FF0003FC00FF0007FC00FF0007FC007F800DFC003FC019FE001FE070FFF007FFE07FF0 00FF803FF024207E9F27>97 D<01F8000000FFF8000000FFF8000000FFF80000000FF800000007 F800000007F800000007F800000007F800000007F800000007F800000007F800000007F8000000 07F800000007F800000007F800000007F800000007F800000007F83FE00007F8FFFC0007FBE07F 0007FF001F8007FE000FC007FC000FE007F80007F007F80007F807F80007F807F80003FC07F800 03FC07F80003FC07F80003FE07F80003FE07F80003FE07F80003FE07F80003FE07F80003FE07F8 0003FE07F80003FE07F80003FC07F80003FC07F80003FC07F80007F807F80007F807F80007F007 FC000FE007FE000FC007E7003F8007C3C0FE000780FFF80007003FC00027327EB12D>I<000FFF 00007FFFC001FC01F003F003F007E007F80FE007F81FC007F83FC003F03FC001E07F8000007F80 00007F800000FF800000FF800000FF800000FF800000FF800000FF800000FF800000FF8000007F 8000007F8000007F8000003FC0001C3FC0001C1FC000380FE0003807E0007003F001E001FC07C0 007FFF00000FF8001E207D9F24>I<0000000FC0000007FFC0000007FFC0000007FFC00000007F C00000003FC00000003FC00000003FC00000003FC00000003FC00000003FC00000003FC0000000 3FC00000003FC00000003FC00000003FC00000003FC00000003FC00007F83FC0003FFF3FC000FE 07BFC003F801FFC007E0007FC00FE0007FC01FC0003FC03FC0003FC03FC0003FC07F80003FC07F 80003FC07F80003FC0FF80003FC0FF80003FC0FF80003FC0FF80003FC0FF80003FC0FF80003FC0 FF80003FC0FF80003FC07F80003FC07F80003FC07F80003FC03FC0003FC03FC0003FC01FC0003F C00FE0007FC007E000FFC003F003FFE001FC0F3FFE007FFE3FFE000FF03FFE27327DB12D>I<00 0FFC00007FFF8001FC0FC003F003E007E001F00FE001F81FC000FC3FC000FE3FC000FE7F80007E 7F80007F7F80007FFF80007FFF80007FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF800000FF800000FF800000FF8000 007F8000007F8000007F8000003FC000071FC000071FC0000E0FE0000E07F0001C03F8007800FE 03E0003FFFC00007FE0020207E9F25>I<0001FE00000FFF80001FC3C0007F07E000FE0FF001FE 0FF001FC0FF003FC0FF003FC07E003FC018003FC000003FC000003FC000003FC000003FC000003 FC000003FC000003FC0000FFFFFC00FFFFFC00FFFFFC0003FC000003FC000003FC000003FC0000 03FC000003FC000003FC000003FC000003FC000003FC000003FC000003FC000003FC000003FC00 0003FC000003FC000003FC000003FC000003FC000003FC000003FC000003FC000003FC000003FC 000003FC000003FC00007FFFF0007FFFF0007FFFF0001C327EB119>I<001FF007C000FFFE3FE0 01F83F79F007E00FC3F00FE00FE1F00FC007E0E01FC007F0001FC007F0003FC007F8003FC007F8 003FC007F8003FC007F8003FC007F8001FC007F0001FC007F0000FC007E0000FE00FE00007E00F C00003F83F000006FFFE00000E1FF000000E000000001E000000001E000000001F000000001F80 0000001FFFFF80000FFFFFF0000FFFFFFC0007FFFFFE0003FFFFFF0003FFFFFF800FFFFFFFC01F 00007FC07E00001FE07C00000FE0FC000007E0FC000007E0FC000007E0FC000007E07E00000FC0 3E00000F803F00001F800FC0007E0007F803FC0001FFFFF000001FFF0000242F7E9F28>I<01F8 000000FFF8000000FFF8000000FFF80000000FF800000007F800000007F800000007F800000007 F800000007F800000007F800000007F800000007F800000007F800000007F800000007F8000000 07F800000007F800000007F807F80007F83FFE0007F8783F0007F8C03F8007F9801FC007FB001F C007FE001FE007FC001FE007FC001FE007FC001FE007F8001FE007F8001FE007F8001FE007F800 1FE007F8001FE007F8001FE007F8001FE007F8001FE007F8001FE007F8001FE007F8001FE007F8 001FE007F8001FE007F8001FE007F8001FE007F8001FE007F8001FE007F8001FE007F8001FE0FF FFC3FFFFFFFFC3FFFFFFFFC3FFFF28327DB12D>I<03C00007E0000FF0001FF8001FF8001FF800 1FF8000FF00007E00003C000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 01F800FFF800FFF800FFF8000FF80007F80007F80007F80007F80007F80007F80007F80007F800 07F80007F80007F80007F80007F80007F80007F80007F80007F80007F80007F80007F80007F800 07F80007F80007F800FFFF80FFFF80FFFF8011337DB217>I<01F800FFF800FFF800FFF8000FF8 0007F80007F80007F80007F80007F80007F80007F80007F80007F80007F80007F80007F80007F8 0007F80007F80007F80007F80007F80007F80007F80007F80007F80007F80007F80007F80007F8 0007F80007F80007F80007F80007F80007F80007F80007F80007F80007F80007F80007F80007F8 0007F80007F80007F800FFFFC0FFFFC0FFFFC012327DB117>108 D<03F007F8001FE000FFF03F FE00FFF800FFF0783F01E0FC00FFF0C03F8300FE000FF1801FC6007F0007F3001FCC007F0007F6 001FF8007F8007FC001FF0007F8007FC001FF0007F8007FC001FF0007F8007F8001FE0007F8007 F8001FE0007F8007F8001FE0007F8007F8001FE0007F8007F8001FE0007F8007F8001FE0007F80 07F8001FE0007F8007F8001FE0007F8007F8001FE0007F8007F8001FE0007F8007F8001FE0007F 8007F8001FE0007F8007F8001FE0007F8007F8001FE0007F8007F8001FE0007F8007F8001FE000 7F8007F8001FE0007F8007F8001FE0007F8007F8001FE0007F80FFFFC3FFFF0FFFFCFFFFC3FFFF 0FFFFCFFFFC3FFFF0FFFFC3E207D9F43>I<03F007F800FFF03FFE00FFF0783F00FFF0C03F800F F1801FC007F3001FC007F6001FE007FC001FE007FC001FE007FC001FE007F8001FE007F8001FE0 07F8001FE007F8001FE007F8001FE007F8001FE007F8001FE007F8001FE007F8001FE007F8001F E007F8001FE007F8001FE007F8001FE007F8001FE007F8001FE007F8001FE007F8001FE007F800 1FE007F8001FE0FFFFC3FFFFFFFFC3FFFFFFFFC3FFFF28207D9F2D>I<0007FC0000007FFFC000 01FC07F00003F001F80007E000FC000FC0007E001FC0007F003FC0007F803F80003F807F80003F C07F80003FC07F80003FC0FF80003FE0FF80003FE0FF80003FE0FF80003FE0FF80003FE0FF8000 3FE0FF80003FE0FF80003FE07F80003FC07F80003FC07F80003FC03FC0007F803FC0007F801FC0 007F000FE000FE0007E000FC0003F803F80001FE0FF000007FFFC0000007FC000023207E9F28> I<01F83FE000FFF8FFFC00FFFBE07F00FFFF003F8007FE001FC007FC000FE007F8000FF007F800 07F807F80007F807F80007FC07F80003FC07F80003FC07F80003FE07F80003FE07F80003FE07F8 0003FE07F80003FE07F80003FE07F80003FE07F80003FE07F80003FC07F80007FC07F80007FC07 F80007F807F80007F807F8000FF007FC000FE007FE001FC007FF003F8007FBC0FE0007F8FFF800 07F83FC00007F800000007F800000007F800000007F800000007F800000007F800000007F80000 0007F800000007F800000007F800000007F8000000FFFFC00000FFFFC00000FFFFC00000272E7E 9F2D>I<03F03F00FFF07FC0FFF1C3E0FFF187E00FF30FF007F60FF007F60FF007FC07E007FC03 C007FC000007FC000007F8000007F8000007F8000007F8000007F8000007F8000007F8000007F8 000007F8000007F8000007F8000007F8000007F8000007F8000007F8000007F8000007F8000007 F80000FFFFE000FFFFE000FFFFE0001C207E9F21>114 D<01FF860007FFFE001F00FE003C003E 0078001E0078000E00F8000E00F8000E00F8000E00FC000000FF800000FFFC00007FFFC0007FFF F0003FFFF8001FFFFC0007FFFE0001FFFF00003FFF000000FF8000003F8060001F80E0000F80E0 000F80F0000F80F0000F00F8000F00FC001E00FE001C00FF807800F3FFF000C07F800019207D9F 20>I<001C0000001C0000001C0000001C0000001C0000003C0000003C0000003C0000007C0000 007C000000FC000001FC000003FC000007FC00001FFFFE00FFFFFE00FFFFFE0003FC000003FC00 0003FC000003FC000003FC000003FC000003FC000003FC000003FC000003FC000003FC000003FC 000003FC000003FC000003FC000003FC000003FC038003FC038003FC038003FC038003FC038003 FC038003FC038001FC038001FC070000FE0700007F0E00003FFC000007F000192E7FAD1F>I<01 F80007E0FFF803FFE0FFF803FFE0FFF803FFE00FF8003FE007F8001FE007F8001FE007F8001FE0 07F8001FE007F8001FE007F8001FE007F8001FE007F8001FE007F8001FE007F8001FE007F8001F E007F8001FE007F8001FE007F8001FE007F8001FE007F8001FE007F8001FE007F8001FE007F800 1FE007F8003FE007F8003FE003F8007FE003F8007FE001FC00DFF000FE039FFF007FFF1FFF000F FC1FFF28207D9F2D>II<7FFF807FFC7FFF807FFC7FFF807FFC03FE00 0F0001FE001E0000FF003C0000FF807800007FC07800003FE0F000001FE1E000000FF3C000000F FF80000007FF00000003FE00000001FE00000000FF00000000FF80000000FFC0000001FFC00000 03DFE00000078FF00000078FF800000F07FC00001E03FC00003C01FE00007800FF0000F000FF80 00E0007FC001E0003FC0FFFC01FFFFFFFC01FFFFFFFC01FFFF28207F9F2B>120 DI E /Fi 1 14 df<0001FE00000007FF8000001E01E000007800780000E0001C00018000 0600030000030006000001800C000000C00C000000C01800000060300000003030000000303000 000030600000001860000000186000000018C00000000CC00000000CC00000000CC00000000CC0 0000000CC00000000CC00000000CC00000000CC00000000C600000001860000000186000000018 30000000303000000030300000003018000000600C000000C00C000000C0060000018003000003 00018000060000E0001C000078007800001E01E0000007FF80000001FE0000262B7DA02D>13 D E /Fj 64 122 df<0001FF0000001FFFC000007F81E00000FC01E00001F807F00003F807F000 07F007F00007F007F00007F007F00007F007F00007F001C00007F000000007F000000007F00000 0007F03FF800FFFFFFF800FFFFFFF800FFFFFFF80007F003F80007F003F80007F003F80007F003 F80007F003F80007F003F80007F003F80007F003F80007F003F80007F003F80007F003F80007F0 03F80007F003F80007F003F80007F003F80007F003F80007F003F80007F003F80007F003F80007 F003F80007F003F8007FFF3FFF807FFF3FFF807FFF3FFF80212A7FA925>12 D<001C0000001C0000001C0000007F800003FFE0000FFFF8001F9CFC003E1C1E003C1C0F007C1C 0700781C0F80F81C1F80F81C3F80F81C3F80F81C3F80FC1C3F80FE1C1F00FF1C00007FDC00007F FC00007FFFC0003FFFE0001FFFF8000FFFFC0007FFFC0001FFFE00007FFF00001FFF00001C7F00 001C3F80381C1F807C1C1F80FE1C0F80FE1C0F80FE1C0F80FC1C0F80F81C0F00701C0F00701C1F 00381C1E003C1C3C001F9CF8000FFFF00003FFE00000FF0000001C0000001C0000001C00001930 7CAC22>36 D<3C007F00FF80FF80FFC0FFC0FFC07FC03EC000C000C00180018001800300030006 000E001C00380030000A157B8813>44 DI<1C007F 007F00FF80FF80FF807F007F001C0009097B8813>I<000E00001E00007E0007FE00FFFE00FFFE 00F8FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE 0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE 0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE007FFFFE7FFFFE7FFFFE17277BA622>49 D<00FF800007FFF0000F FFFC001E03FE003800FF807C003F80FE003FC0FF001FC0FF001FE0FF000FE0FF000FE07E000FE0 3C001FE000001FE000001FC000001FC000003F8000003F0000007E000000FC000000F8000001F0 000003E00000078000000F0000001E0000003C00E0007000E000E000E001C001C0038001C00600 01C00FFFFFC01FFFFFC03FFFFFC07FFFFFC0FFFFFF80FFFFFF80FFFFFF801B277DA622>I<007F 800003FFF00007FFFC000F80FE001F007F003F807F003F803F803F803F803F803F801F803F801F 003F8000007F0000007F0000007E000000FC000001F8000007F00000FFC00000FFC0000001F800 00007E0000003F0000003F8000001FC000001FC000001FE000001FE03C001FE07E001FE0FF001F E0FF001FE0FF001FC0FF003FC0FE003F807C007F003F00FE001FFFFC0007FFF00000FF80001B27 7DA622>I<00000E0000001E0000003E0000007E000000FE000000FE000001FE000003FE000007 7E00000E7E00000E7E00001C7E0000387E0000707E0000E07E0000E07E0001C07E0003807E0007 007E000E007E000E007E001C007E0038007E0070007E00E0007E00FFFFFFF8FFFFFFF8FFFFFFF8 0000FE000000FE000000FE000000FE000000FE000000FE000000FE000000FE00007FFFF8007FFF F8007FFFF81D277EA622>I<180003001F801F001FFFFE001FFFFC001FFFF8001FFFF0001FFFC0 001FFF00001C0000001C0000001C0000001C0000001C0000001C0000001C0000001C7FC0001DFF F8001F80FC001E003F0008003F0000001F8000001FC000001FC000001FE000001FE018001FE07C 001FE0FE001FE0FE001FE0FE001FE0FE001FC0FC001FC078003F8078003F803C007F001F01FE00 0FFFFC0003FFF00000FF80001B277DA622>I<0007F800003FFE0000FFFF0001FC078003F00FC0 07C01FC00F801FC01F801FC01F001FC03F000F803F0000007E0000007E0000007E000000FE0200 00FE1FF000FE3FFC00FE603E00FE801F00FF801F80FF000FC0FF000FC0FE000FE0FE000FE0FE00 0FE0FE000FE07E000FE07E000FE07E000FE07E000FE03E000FE03F000FC01F000FC01F001F800F 801F0007E07E0003FFFC0001FFF800003FC0001B277DA622>I<380000003E0000003FFFFFF03F FFFFF03FFFFFF07FFFFFE07FFFFFC07FFFFF807FFFFF0070000E0070000E0070001C00E0003800 E0007000E000E0000001E0000001C000000380000007800000070000000F0000001F0000001E00 00003E0000003E0000007E0000007C0000007C000000FC000000FC000000FC000000FC000001FC 000001FC000001FC000001FC000001FC000001FC000001FC000000F80000007000001C297CA822 >I<003FC00001FFF00003FFFC0007C07E000F003F001E001F001E000F803E000F803E000F803F 000F803F800F803FC00F803FF01F001FFC1E001FFE3C000FFFF8000FFFE00007FFF80001FFFC00 01FFFE0007FFFF000F0FFF801E03FFC03E01FFC07C007FE07C001FE0F8000FE0F80007E0F80003 E0F80003E0F80003E0F80003C07C0003C07E0007803F000F001FC03F000FFFFC0003FFF800007F C0001B277DA622>I<007F800001FFF00007FFF8000FC0FC001F803E003F001F007E001F807E00 1F807E000F80FE000FC0FE000FC0FE000FC0FE000FE0FE000FE0FE000FE0FE000FE0FE000FE07E 001FE07E001FE03F003FE01F002FE00F80CFE007FF8FE001FF0FE000080FE000000FC000000FC0 00000FC000001F803E001F807F001F807F003F007F003E007F007E007E00FC003E03F8001FFFE0 000FFF800001FE00001B277DA622>I<1C007F007F00FF80FF80FF807F007F001C000000000000 000000000000000000000000001C007F007F00FF80FF80FF807F007F001C00091B7B9A13>I<01 FF000FFFE01E03F03801F87800FCFC00FEFE00FEFE00FEFE00FE7C00FE3800FC0001FC0003F800 07E0000FC0000F80001E00001E00003C0000380000380000700000700000700000700000700000 700000700000000000000000000000000000000000700000F80001FC0003FE0003FE0003FE0001 FC0000F800007000172A7CA920>63 D<00000780000000000780000000000FC0000000000FC000 0000000FC0000000001FE0000000001FE0000000003FF0000000003FF0000000003FF000000000 77F80000000077F800000000F7FC00000000E3FC00000000E3FC00000001C1FE00000001C1FE00 000003C1FF0000000380FF0000000380FF00000007007F80000007007F8000000F007FC000000E 003FC000000E003FC000001C001FE000001C001FE000003FFFFFF000003FFFFFF000003FFFFFF0 0000700007F80000700007F80000F00007FC0000E00003FC0000E00003FC0001C00001FE0001C0 0001FE0003C00001FF00FFFE003FFFFCFFFE003FFFFCFFFE003FFFFC2E297EA833>65 DI<00007FE0030007FFFC07001FFFFF0F007FF00F9F00 FF0001FF01FC0000FF03F800007F07F000003F0FE000001F1FC000001F1FC000000F3F8000000F 3F800000077F800000077F800000077F00000000FF00000000FF00000000FF00000000FF000000 00FF00000000FF00000000FF00000000FF00000000FF000000007F000000007F800000007F8000 00073F800000073F800000071FC00000071FC000000E0FE000000E07F000001C03F800003C01FC 00007800FF0001F0007FF007C0001FFFFF800007FFFE0000007FF00028297CA831>IIII<00007FE003000007FFFC0700001FFFFF0F00007FF00F9F0000FF0001FF 0001FC0000FF0003F800007F0007F000003F000FE000001F001FC000001F001FC000000F003F80 00000F003F80000007007F80000007007F80000007007F0000000000FF0000000000FF00000000 00FF0000000000FF0000000000FF0000000000FF0000000000FF0000000000FF0000000000FF00 00FFFFF87F0000FFFFF87F8000FFFFF87F800000FF003F800000FF003F800000FF001FC00000FF 001FC00000FF000FE00000FF0007F00000FF0003F80000FF0001FC0000FF0000FF0001FF00007F F007FF00001FFFFF9F000007FFFE0F0000007FF003002D297CA835>III<00FFFFF800FFFFF800FFFFF80000FF0000 00FF000000FF000000FF000000FF000000FF000000FF000000FF000000FF000000FF000000FF00 0000FF000000FF000000FF000000FF000000FF000000FF000000FF000000FF000000FF000000FF 000000FF000000FF000000FF000000FF000000FF000000FF001800FF007E00FF00FF00FF00FF00 FF00FF00FF00FF00FE007E01FC007C01F8003E07F0000FFFE00003FF00001D297EA823>IIIII<0000 FFC00000000FFFFC0000003F807F000000FE001FC00001F80007E00003F00003F00007E00001F8 000FE00001FC001FC00000FE001FC00000FE003F8000007F003F8000007F007F8000007F807F00 00003F807F0000003F807F0000003F80FF0000003FC0FF0000003FC0FF0000003FC0FF0000003F C0FF0000003FC0FF0000003FC0FF0000003FC0FF0000003FC0FF0000003FC0FF0000003FC07F00 00003F807F8000007F807F8000007F803F8000007F003F8000007F001FC00000FE001FC00000FE 000FE00001FC0007F00003F80003F80007F00001FC000FE00000FE001FC000003FC0FF0000000F FFFC00000000FFC000002A297CA833>II<0000FFC000 00000FFFFC0000003FC0FF000000FE001FC00001FC000FE00003F00003F00007F00003F8000FE0 0001FC001FC00000FE001FC00000FE003F8000007F003F8000007F007F8000007F807F8000007F 807F0000003F807F0000003F80FF0000003FC0FF0000003FC0FF0000003FC0FF0000003FC0FF00 00003FC0FF0000003FC0FF0000003FC0FF0000003FC0FF0000003FC0FF0000003FC07F0000003F 807F8000007F807F8000007F803F8000007F003F8000007F001FC00000FE001FC03E00FE000FE0 7F81FC0007E0C1C1F80003F18063F00001F98067E00000FF803FC000003FC07F0000000FFFFC00 000000FFF800C00000003C00C00000001E00C00000001E01C00000001F83C00000001FFFC00000 000FFF800000000FFF800000000FFF0000000007FF0000000003FE0000000001FC0000000000F8 002A357CA833>II<00FF00C003FFE1C00FFFF9C0 1F80FFC03F003FC03E000FC07C0007C07C0007C0FC0003C0FC0003C0FC0001C0FE0001C0FE0001 C0FF000000FFC000007FFC00007FFFE0003FFFF8001FFFFE001FFFFF0007FFFF8003FFFFC000FF FFC0000FFFE000007FE000001FF000000FF0000007F0E00003F0E00003F0E00003F0E00003F0F0 0003E0F00003E0F80007E0FC0007C0FF000F80FFE01F80E3FFFF00E1FFFC00C01FF0001C297CA8 25>I<7FFFFFFFFF807FFFFFFFFF807FFFFFFFFF807F807F807F807C007F800F8078007F800780 78007F80078070007F800380F0007F8003C0F0007F8003C0E0007F8001C0E0007F8001C0E0007F 8001C0E0007F8001C0E0007F8001C000007F80000000007F80000000007F80000000007F800000 00007F80000000007F80000000007F80000000007F80000000007F80000000007F80000000007F 80000000007F80000000007F80000000007F80000000007F80000000007F80000000007F800000 00007F80000000007F80000000007F80000000007F80000000007F80000000FFFFFFC00000FFFF FFC00000FFFFFFC0002A287EA72F>III I89 D91 D<03FF80000FFFF0001F01FC003F80FE003F807F003F803F003F803F801F003F8000003F800000 3F8000003F8000003F80003FFF8001FC3F800FE03F801F803F803F003F807E003F80FC003F80FC 003F80FC003F80FC003F80FC005F807E00DF803F839FFC1FFE0FFC03F803FC1E1B7E9A21>97 DI<003FF00001FFFC0003F03E000FC07F001F807F 003F007F003F007F007F003E007E0000007E000000FE000000FE000000FE000000FE000000FE00 0000FE000000FE0000007E0000007E0000007F0000003F0003803F8003801F8007000FE00E0003 F83C0001FFF800003FC000191B7E9A1E>I<00007FF000007FF000007FF0000007F0000007F000 0007F0000007F0000007F0000007F0000007F0000007F0000007F0000007F0000007F0000007F0 003F87F001FFF7F007F03FF00FC00FF01F8007F03F0007F03F0007F07E0007F07E0007F07E0007 F0FE0007F0FE0007F0FE0007F0FE0007F0FE0007F0FE0007F0FE0007F0FE0007F07E0007F07E00 07F03F0007F03F0007F01F800FF00FC01FF007E07FFF01FFE7FF007F87FF202A7EA925>I<003F C00001FFF00003E07C000F803E001F801F001F001F003F000F807E000F807E000FC07E000FC0FE 0007C0FE0007C0FFFFFFC0FFFFFFC0FE000000FE000000FE0000007E0000007E0000007F000000 3F0001C01F0001C00F80038007C0070003F01E0000FFFC00003FE0001A1B7E9A1F>I<0007F800 3FFC007E3E01FC7F03F87F03F07F07F07F07F03E07F00007F00007F00007F00007F00007F00007 F000FFFFC0FFFFC0FFFFC007F00007F00007F00007F00007F00007F00007F00007F00007F00007 F00007F00007F00007F00007F00007F00007F00007F00007F00007F00007F00007F0007FFF807F FF807FFF80182A7EA915>I<007F80F001FFE3F807C0FE1C0F807C7C1F003E7C1F003E103F003F 003F003F003F003F003F003F003F003F003F003F001F003E001F003E000F807C0007C0F80005FF E0000C7F8000180000001C0000001C0000001E0000001FFFF8001FFFFF000FFFFFC007FFFFE003 FFFFF00FFFFFF03E0007F07C0001F8F80000F8F80000F8F80000F8F80000F87C0001F07C0001F0 3F0007E00FC01F8007FFFF00007FF0001E287E9A22>II<07000F801FC03FE03FE03FE01FC00F8007000000000000000000000000000000FFE0FFE0 FFE00FE00FE00FE00FE00FE00FE00FE00FE00FE00FE00FE00FE00FE00FE00FE00FE00FE00FE00F E00FE00FE0FFFEFFFEFFFE0F2B7EAA12>I107 DIII<003FE00001FFFC0003F07E000FC01F801F800FC03F0007E03F00 07E07E0003F07E0003F07E0003F0FE0003F8FE0003F8FE0003F8FE0003F8FE0003F8FE0003F8FE 0003F8FE0003F87E0003F07E0003F03F0007E03F0007E01F800FC00FC01F8007F07F0001FFFC00 003FE0001D1B7E9A22>II114 D<03FE300FFFF03E03F0 7800F07000F0F00070F00070F80070FE0000FFE0007FFF007FFFC03FFFE01FFFF007FFF800FFF8 0007FC0000FCE0007CE0003CF0003CF00038F80038FC0070FF01E0E7FFC0C1FF00161B7E9A1B> I<00700000700000700000700000F00000F00000F00001F00003F00003F00007F0001FFFE0FFFF E0FFFFE007F00007F00007F00007F00007F00007F00007F00007F00007F00007F00007F00007F0 0007F00007F07007F07007F07007F07007F07007F07007F07003F0E001F8C000FFC0003F001426 7FA51A>II IIII E /Fk 91 127 df<70F8F8F8F8F8F8F8F8F8F8F8 F8F8F8F8F870000000000070F8F8F870051C779B18>33 D<4010E038F078E038E038E038E038E0 38E038E038E038E038E03860300D0E7B9C18>I<030600078F00078F00078F00078F00078F0007 8F007FFFC0FFFFE0FFFFE07FFFC00F1E000F1E000F1E000F1E000F1E000F1E007FFFC0FFFFE0FF FFE07FFFC01E3C001E3C001E3C001E3C001E3C001E3C000C1800131C7E9B18>I<00C00001C000 01C00001C00003F0000FFC003FFE007DCF0071C700E1C380E1C780E1C780E1C780F1C00079C000 3DC0001FE0000FF80003FC0001DE0001CF0001C70061C380F1C380F1C380E1C380E1C70071C700 79DE003FFE001FF80007E00001C00001C00001C00000C00011247D9F18>I<3803007C07807C07 80EE0F80EE0F00EE0F00EE1F00EE1E00EE1E00EE3E007C3C007C3C00387C0000780000780000F8 0000F00001F00001E00001E00003E00003C00003C00007C0000783800787C00F87C00F0EE00F0E E01F0EE01E0EE01E0EE03E0EE03C07C03C07C018038013247E9F18>I<01C00007E0000FF0000E 70001C38001C38001C38001C38001C73F01C73F01CE3F00FE3800FC7000F87000F07001F0E003F 0E007B8E0073DC00E1DC00E0F800E0F800E07070E0787070FC707FFFE03FCFE00F03C0141C7F9B 18>I<387C7C7E3E0E0E0E1C1C38F8F0C0070E789B18>I<007000F001E003C007800F001E001C00 380038007000700070007000E000E000E000E000E000E000E000E0007000700070007000380038 001C001E000F00078003C001F000F000700C24799F18>I<6000F00078003C001E000F00078003 8001C001C000E000E000E000E00070007000700070007000700070007000E000E000E000E001C0 01C0038007800F001E003C007800F00060000C247C9F18>I<01C00001C00001C00001C000C1C1 80F1C780F9CF807FFF001FFC0007F00007F0001FFC007FFF00F9CF80F1C780C1C18001C00001C0 0001C00001C00011147D9718>I<00600000F00000F00000F00000F00000F00000F00000F0007F FFC0FFFFE0FFFFE07FFFC000F00000F00000F00000F00000F00000F00000F00000600013147E97 18>I<1C3E7E7F3F1F070E1E7CF860080C788518>I<7FFF00FFFF80FFFF807FFF0011047D8F18> I<3078FCFC78300606778518>I<000300000780000780000F80000F00001F00001E00001E0000 3E00003C00007C0000780000780000F80000F00001F00001E00003E00003C00003C00007C00007 80000F80000F00000F00001F00001E00003E00003C00003C00007C0000780000F80000F00000F0 000060000011247D9F18>I<01F00007FC000FFE001F1F001C07003803807803C07001C07001C0 E000E0E000E0E000E0E000E0E000E0E000E0E000E0E000E0E000E0F001E07001C07001C07803C0 3803801C07001F1F000FFE0007FC0001F000131C7E9B18>I<01800380038007800F803F80FF80 FB80438003800380038003800380038003800380038003800380038003800380038003807FFCFF FE7FFC0F1C7B9B18>I<03F0000FFE003FFF007C0F807003C0E001C0F000E0F000E06000E00000 E00000E00001C00001C00003C0000780000F00001E00003C0000780000F00001E00007C0000F80 001E00E03C00E07FFFE0FFFFE07FFFE0131C7E9B18>I<07F8001FFE003FFF007807807803C078 01C03001C00001C00003C0000380000F0003FF0003FE0003FF000007800003C00001C00000E000 00E00000E0F000E0F000E0F001C0F003C07C07803FFF001FFE0003F800131C7E9B18>I<001F00 003F0000770000770000E70001E70001C7000387000787000707000E07001E07003C0700380700 780700F00700FFFFF8FFFFF8FFFFF8000700000700000700000700000700000700007FF000FFF8 007FF0151C7F9B18>I<1FFF803FFF803FFF803800003800003800003800003800003800003800 003800003BF8003FFE003FFF003C07801803C00001C00000E00000E06000E0F000E0F000E0E001 C07003C07C0F803FFF001FFC0003F000131C7E9B18>I<007E0001FF0007FF800F83C01E03C01C 03C0380180380000700000700000E1F800E7FE00FFFF00FE0780F803C0F001C0F000E0E000E0F0 00E07000E07000E07000E03801C03C03C01E07800FFF0007FE0001F800131C7E9B18>II<3078FCFC783000000000000000003078FCFC78300614779318> 58 D<183C7E7E3C180000000000000000183C7E7E3E1E0E1C3C78F060071A789318>I<00030000 0780001F80003F00007E0001FC0003F00007E0001FC0003F00007E0000FC0000FC00007E00003F 00001FC00007E00003F00001FC00007E00003F00001F8000078000030011187D9918>I<7FFFC0 FFFFE0FFFFE0FFFFE0000000000000000000000000FFFFE0FFFFE0FFFFE07FFFC0130C7E9318> I<600000F00000FC00007E00003F00001FC00007E00003F00001FC00007E00003F00001F80001F 80003F00007E0001FC0003F00007E0001FC0003F00007E0000FC0000F0000060000011187D9918 >I<0FF0003FFC007FFF00700F00F00380F00380600780000F00003E00007C0001F00001E00003 C00003C00003C00003C00003C00003800000000000000000000000000000000003800007C00007 C00007C000038000111C7D9B18>I<007C0001FE0007FF000F87801E03C03C1DC0387FC070FFE0 71E3E071C1E0E1C1E0E380E0E380E0E380E0E380E0E380E0E380E0E1C1C071C1C071E3C070FF80 387F003C1C001E00E00F83E007FFC001FF80007E00131C7E9B18>I<00700000F80000F80000D8 0000D80001DC0001DC0001DC00018C00038E00038E00038E00038E000306000707000707000707 000707000FFF800FFF800FFF800E03800E03801C01C01C01C07F07F0FF8FF87F07F0151C7F9B18 >II<00F8E003FEE007FFE00F07E01E03E03C01E03800E07000E0 7000E0700000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E000007000007000E07000E0 3800E03C00E01E01C00F07C007FF8003FE0000F800131C7E9B18>I<7FF800FFFE007FFF001C0F 801C03C01C03C01C01E01C00E01C00E01C00F01C00701C00701C00701C00701C00701C00701C00 701C00701C00F01C00E01C00E01C01E01C01C01C03C01C0F807FFF00FFFE007FF800141C7F9B18 >III<01F1C003FDC00FFFC01F0F C01C03C03803C03801C07001C07001C0700000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00FF0E01F F0E00FF07001C07001C07003C03803C03803C01C07C01F0FC00FFFC003FDC001F1C0141C7E9B18 >I<7F07F0FF8FF87F07F01C01C01C01C01C01C01C01C01C01C01C01C01C01C01C01C01C01C01F FFC01FFFC01FFFC01C01C01C01C01C01C01C01C01C01C01C01C01C01C01C01C01C01C01C01C07F 07F0FF8FF87F07F0151C7F9B18>I<7FFF00FFFF807FFF0001C00001C00001C00001C00001C000 01C00001C00001C00001C00001C00001C00001C00001C00001C00001C00001C00001C00001C000 01C00001C00001C00001C0007FFF00FFFF807FFF00111C7D9B18>I<7F07F0FF87F87F07F01C03 C01C07801C07001C0E001C1E001C3C001C38001C70001CF0001DF0001DF0001FB8001FB8001F1C 001E1C001C0E001C0E001C07001C07001C03801C03801C01C07F03F0FF87F87F03F0151C7F9B18 >75 D<7FE000FFE0007FE0000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E0000 0E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00700E00700E00700E00700E0070 7FFFF0FFFFF07FFFF0141C7F9B18>II<7E07F0FF0FF87F07F01D 81C01D81C01D81C01DC1C01CC1C01CC1C01CE1C01CE1C01CE1C01C61C01C71C01C71C01C31C01C 39C01C39C01C39C01C19C01C19C01C1DC01C0DC01C0DC01C0DC07F07C0FF87C07F03C0151C7F9B 18>I<0FF8003FFE007FFF00780F00700700F00780E00380E00380E00380E00380E00380E00380 E00380E00380E00380E00380E00380E00380E00380E00380E00380E00380F00780700700780F00 7FFF003FFE000FF800111C7D9B18>II<0FF8003FFE007FFF0078 0F00700700F00780E00380E00380E00380E00380E00380E00380E00380E00380E00380E00380E0 0380E00380E00380E00380E1E380E1E380F0E78070F700787F007FFF003FFE000FFC00001C0000 1E00000E00000F0000070000070011227D9B18>I<7FF800FFFE007FFF001C0F801C03801C03C0 1C01C01C01C01C01C01C03C01C03801C0F801FFF001FFE001FFE001C0F001C07001C03801C0380 1C03801C03801C03801C039C1C039C1C039C7F01F8FF81F87F00F0161C7F9B18>I<03F3801FFF 803FFF807C0F80700780E00380E00380E00380E000007000007800003F00001FF00007FE0000FF 00000F800003C00001C00000E00000E06000E0E000E0E001E0F001C0F80780FFFF80FFFE00E7F8 00131C7E9B18>I<7FFFF8FFFFF8FFFFF8E07038E07038E07038E0703800700000700000700000 700000700000700000700000700000700000700000700000700000700000700000700000700000 700000700007FF0007FF0007FF00151C7F9B18>IIII<7F8FE07F9FE07F8FE00E07000F0700070E00 078E00039C0003DC0001F80001F80000F00000F00000700000F00000F80001F80001DC00039E00 038E00070F000707000E07800E03801E03C07F07F0FF8FF87F07F0151C7F9B18>II<3FFFE07FFFE07FFFE07001C07003C0700780700700000F00001E00001C0000 3C0000780000700000F00001E00001C00003C0000780000700000F00001E00E01C00E03C00E078 00E07000E0FFFFE0FFFFE0FFFFE0131C7E9B18>II<600000F00000F00000F800007800007C00 003C00003C00003E00001E00001F00000F00000F00000F800007800007C00003C00003C00003E0 0001E00001F00000F00000F800007800007800007C00003C00003E00001E00001E00001F00000F 00000F8000078000078000030011247D9F18>II<018007C01FF07EFCF83EE00E0F067C9B18>I< 7FFF00FFFF80FFFF807FFF0011047D7F18>I<061E3E387070E0E0E0F8FC7C7C38070E789E18>I< 1FE0003FF8007FFC00781E00300E0000070000070000FF0007FF001FFF007F0700780700E00700 E00700E00700F00F00781F003FFFF01FFBF007E1F014147D9318>I<7E0000FE00007E00000E00 000E00000E00000E00000E00000E3E000EFF800FFFC00FC1E00F80E00F00700E00700E00380E00 380E00380E00380E00380E00380F00700F00700F80E00FC1E00FFFC00EFF80063E00151C809B18 >I<01FE0007FF001FFF803E0780380300700000700000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E0 00007000007001C03801C03E03C01FFF8007FF0001FC0012147D9318>I<001F80003F80001F80 00038000038000038000038000038003E3800FFB801FFF803C1F80380F80700780700380E00380 E00380E00380E00380E00380E00380700780700780380F803C1F801FFFF00FFBF803E3F0151C7E 9B18>I<01F00007FC001FFE003E0F00380780700380700380E001C0E001C0FFFFC0FFFFC0FFFF C0E000007000007001C03801C03E03C01FFF8007FF0001FC0012147D9318>I<001F80007FC000 FFE000E1E001C0C001C00001C00001C0007FFFC0FFFFC0FFFFC001C00001C00001C00001C00001 C00001C00001C00001C00001C00001C00001C00001C00001C00001C0007FFF007FFF007FFF0013 1C7F9B18>I<01E1F007FFF80FFFF81E1E301C0E003807003807003807003807003807001C0E00 1E1E001FFC001FF80039E0003800001C00001FFE001FFFC03FFFE07801F0700070E00038E00038 E00038E000387800F07E03F01FFFC00FFF8001FC00151F7F9318>I<7E0000FE00007E00000E00 000E00000E00000E00000E00000E3E000EFF800FFFC00FC1C00F80E00F00E00E00E00E00E00E00 E00E00E00E00E00E00E00E00E00E00E00E00E00E00E00E00E07FC3FCFFE7FE7FC3FC171C809B18 >I<03800007C00007C00007C0000380000000000000000000000000007FC000FFC0007FC00001 C00001C00001C00001C00001C00001C00001C00001C00001C00001C00001C00001C00001C00001 C000FFFF00FFFF80FFFF00111D7C9C18>I<0038007C007C007C003800000000000000000FFC1F FC0FFC001C001C001C001C001C001C001C001C001C001C001C001C001C001C001C001C001C001C 001C001C001C001C6038F078FFF07FE03F800E277E9C18>II<7F E000FFE0007FE00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000 E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E0007FFFC0FF FFE07FFFC0131C7E9B18>I<7CE0E000FFFBF8007FFFF8001F1F1C001E1E1C001E1E1C001C1C1C 001C1C1C001C1C1C001C1C1C001C1C1C001C1C1C001C1C1C001C1C1C001C1C1C001C1C1C001C1C 1C007F1F1F00FFBFBF807F1F1F001914819318>I<7E3E00FEFF807FFFC00FC1C00F80E00F00E0 0E00E00E00E00E00E00E00E00E00E00E00E00E00E00E00E00E00E00E00E00E00E07FC3FCFFE7FE 7FC3FC1714809318>I<01F0000FFE001FFF003E0F803803807001C07001C0E000E0E000E0E000 E0E000E0E000E0F001E07001C07803C03C07803E0F801FFF000FFE0001F00013147E9318>I<7E 3E00FEFF807FFFC00FC1E00F80E00F00700E00700E00380E00380E00380E00380E00380E00380F 00700F00700F80E00FC1E00FFFC00EFF800E3E000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E 00007FC000FFE0007FC000151E809318>I<01E38007FB801FFF803E1F80380F80700780700780 E00380E00380E00380E00380E00380E00380700780700780380F803C1F801FFF800FFB8003E380 000380000380000380000380000380000380000380003FF8003FF8003FF8151E7E9318>I<7F87 E0FF9FF07FBFF803F87803F03003E00003C00003C0000380000380000380000380000380000380 000380000380000380007FFE00FFFF007FFE0015147F9318>I<07F7003FFF007FFF00780F00E0 0700E00700E007007C00007FE0001FFC0003FE00001F00600780E00380E00380F00380F80F00FF FF00FFFC00E7F00011147D9318>I<0180000380000380000380000380007FFFC0FFFFC0FFFFC0 0380000380000380000380000380000380000380000380000380000380400380E00380E00380E0 01C1C001FFC000FF80003E0013197F9818>I<7E07E0FE0FE07E07E00E00E00E00E00E00E00E00 E00E00E00E00E00E00E00E00E00E00E00E00E00E00E00E00E00E01E00F03E007FFFC03FFFE01FC FC1714809318>I<7F8FF0FF8FF87F8FF01E03C00E03800E03800E038007070007070007070003 8E00038E00038E00038E0001DC0001DC0001DC0000F80000F80000700015147F9318>II<7F8FF07F9FF07F8FF0070700078E 00039E0001DC0001F80000F80000700000F00000F80001DC00039E00038E000707000F07807F8F F0FF8FF87F8FF015147F9318>I<7F8FF0FF8FF87F8FF00E01C00E03800E038007038007070007 0700038700038600038E0001CE0001CE0000CC0000CC0000DC0000780000780000780000700000 700000700000F00000E00079E0007BC0007F80003F00001E0000151E7F9318>I<3FFFF07FFFF0 7FFFF07001E07003C0700780000F00001E00003C0000F80001F00003C0000780000F00701E0070 3C0070780070FFFFF0FFFFF0FFFFF014147F9318>I<0007E0001FE0007FE000780000E00000E0 0000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00001E0007FC000FF8000FF80 007FC00001E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E0 00007800007FE0001FE00007E013247E9F18>I<60F0F0F0F0F0F0F0F0F0F0F0F0F0F0F0F0F0F0 F0F0F0F0F0F0F0F0F0F0F0F0F0F0F0F0600424769F18>I<7C0000FF0000FFC00003C00000E000 00E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000F000007FC0003FE0 003FE0007FC000F00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E000 00E00003C000FFC000FF00007C000013247E9F18>I<060C1F1E3FBEFBF8F1F060C00F067C9B18> I E /Fl 82 124 df<001F83E000F06E3001C078780380F8780300F03007007000070070000700 700007007000070070000700700007007000FFFFFF800700700007007000070070000700700007 007000070070000700700007007000070070000700700007007000070070000700700007007000 070070000700700007007000070070007FE3FF001D20809F1B>11 D<003F0000E0C001C0C00381 E00701E00701E0070000070000070000070000070000070000FFFFE00700E00700E00700E00700 E00700E00700E00700E00700E00700E00700E00700E00700E00700E00700E00700E00700E00700 E00700E07FC3FE1720809F19>I<003FE000E0E001C1E00381E00700E00700E00700E00700E007 00E00700E00700E00700E0FFFFE00700E00700E00700E00700E00700E00700E00700E00700E007 00E00700E00700E00700E00700E00700E00700E00700E00700E00700E07FE7FE1720809F19>I< 001F81F80000F04F040001C07C06000380F80F000300F00F000700F00F00070070000007007000 000700700000070070000007007000000700700000FFFFFFFF0007007007000700700700070070 070007007007000700700700070070070007007007000700700700070070070007007007000700 70070007007007000700700700070070070007007007000700700700070070070007007007007F E3FE3FF02420809F26>I<70F8F8F8F8F8F8F87070707070707070707020202020200000000000 70F8F8F87005217CA00D>33 D<7038F87CFC7EFC7E743A04020402040208040804100810082010 40200F0E7E9F17>I<70F8FCFC74040404080810102040060E7C9F0D>39 D<0020004000800100020006000C000C00180018003000300030007000600060006000E000E000 E000E000E000E000E000E000E000E000E000E0006000600060007000300030003000180018000C 000C000600020001000080004000200B2E7DA112>I<800040002000100008000C000600060003 00030001800180018001C000C000C000C000E000E000E000E000E000E000E000E000E000E000E0 00E000C000C000C001C001800180018003000300060006000C00080010002000400080000B2E7D A112>I<70F8FCFC74040404080810102040060E7C840D>44 DI<70F8F8 F87005057C840D>I<000100030003000600060006000C000C000C001800180018003000300030 00600060006000C000C000C00180018001800300030003000600060006000C000C000C00180018 001800300030003000600060006000C000C000C000102D7DA117>I<03F0000E1C001C0E001806 00380700700380700380700380700380F003C0F003C0F003C0F003C0F003C0F003C0F003C0F003 C0F003C0F003C0F003C0F003C0F003C07003807003807003807807803807001806001C0E000E1C 0003F000121F7E9D17>I<018003800F80F3800380038003800380038003800380038003800380 0380038003800380038003800380038003800380038003800380038007C0FFFE0F1E7C9D17>I< 03F0000C1C00100E00200700400780800780F007C0F803C0F803C0F803C02007C00007C0000780 000780000F00000E00001C0000380000700000600000C0000180000300000600400C0040180040 1000803FFF807FFF80FFFF80121E7E9D17>I<03F0000C1C00100E00200F00780F807807807807 80380F80000F80000F00000F00000E00001C0000380003F000003C00000E00000F000007800007 800007C02007C0F807C0F807C0F807C0F00780400780400F00200E001C3C0003F000121F7E9D17 >I<000600000600000E00000E00001E00002E00002E00004E00008E00008E00010E00020E0002 0E00040E00080E00080E00100E00200E00200E00400E00C00E00FFFFF0000E00000E00000E0000 0E00000E00000E00000E0000FFE0141E7F9D17>I<1803001FFE001FFC001FF8001FE000100000 10000010000010000010000010000011F000161C00180E001007001007800003800003800003C0 0003C00003C07003C0F003C0F003C0E00380400380400700200600100E000C380003E000121F7E 9D17>I<007C000182000701000E03800C07801C0780380300380000780000700000700000F1F0 00F21C00F40600F80700F80380F80380F003C0F003C0F003C0F003C0F003C07003C07003C07003 803803803807001807000C0E00061C0001F000121F7E9D17>I<4000007FFFC07FFF807FFF8040 010080020080020080040000080000080000100000200000200000400000400000C00000C00001 C00001800003800003800003800003800007800007800007800007800007800007800007800003 0000121F7D9D17>I<03F0000C0C00100600300300200180600180600180600180700180780300 3E03003F06001FC8000FF00003F80007FC000C7E00103F00300F806003804001C0C001C0C000C0 C000C0C000C0C000806001802001001002000C0C0003F000121F7E9D17>I<03F0000E18001C0C 00380600380700700700700380F00380F00380F003C0F003C0F003C0F003C0F003C07007C07007 C03807C0180BC00E13C003E3C0000380000380000380000700300700780600780E00700C002018 001070000FC000121F7E9D17>I<70F8F8F8700000000000000000000070F8F8F87005147C930D> I<70F8F8F8700000000000000000000070F0F8F878080808101010202040051D7C930D>I<0FC0 307040384038E03CF03CF03C603C0038007000E000C00180018001000300020002000200020002 0002000000000000000000000007000F800F800F8007000E207D9F15>63 D<000100000003800000038000000380000007C0000007C0000007C0000009E0000009E0000009 E0000010F0000010F0000010F00000207800002078000020780000403C0000403C0000403C0000 801E0000801E0000FFFE0001000F0001000F0001000F00020007800200078002000780040003C0 0E0003C01F0007E0FFC03FFE1F207F9F22>65 DI<000FC04000 7030C001C009C0038005C0070003C00E0001C01E0000C01C0000C03C0000C07C0000407C000040 78000040F8000000F8000000F8000000F8000000F8000000F8000000F8000000F8000000F80000 00780000007C0000407C0000403C0000401C0000401E0000800E000080070001000380020001C0 040000703800000FC0001A217D9F21>IIII<000FE0200078186000E004E0038002E0070001 E00F0000E01E0000601E0000603C0000603C0000207C00002078000020F8000000F8000000F800 0000F8000000F8000000F8000000F8000000F8007FFCF80003E0780001E07C0001E03C0001E03C 0001E01E0001E01E0001E00F0001E0070001E0038002E000E0046000781820000FE0001E217D9F 24>III<0FFFC0007C00003C00003C00003C00003C00003C00003C00003C00003C0000 3C00003C00003C00003C00003C00003C00003C00003C00003C00003C00003C00003C00003C0020 3C00F83C00F83C00F83C00F0380040780040700030E0000F800012207E9E17>IIIII<001F800000F0F00001C0380007801E000F000F000E0007001E000780 3C0003C03C0003C07C0003E0780001E0780001E0F80001F0F80001F0F80001F0F80001F0F80001 F0F80001F0F80001F0F80001F0F80001F0780001E07C0003E07C0003E03C0003C03C0003C01E00 07800E0007000F000F0007801E0001C0380000F0F000001F80001C217D9F23>II<001F800000F0F00001C0380007801E000F000F000E0007001E0007803C0003 C03C0003C07C0003E07C0003E0780001E0F80001F0F80001F0F80001F0F80001F0F80001F0F800 01F0F80001F0F80001F0F80001F0780001E0780001E07C0003E03C0003C03C0F03C01E1087800E 2047000F204F0007A03E0001E0380000F0F010001FB01000003010000038300000387000003FF0 00001FE000001FE000000FC0000007801C297D9F23>II<07E0800C1980100780300380600180600180E00180E00080E00080E00080F00000F0000078 00007F00003FF0001FFC000FFE0003FF00001F800007800003C00003C00001C08001C08001C080 01C08001C0C00180C00380E00300F00600CE0C0081F80012217D9F19>I<7FFFFFE0780F01E060 0F0060400F0020400F0020C00F0030800F0010800F0010800F0010800F0010000F0000000F0000 000F0000000F0000000F0000000F0000000F0000000F0000000F0000000F0000000F0000000F00 00000F0000000F0000000F0000000F0000000F0000000F0000000F0000001F800007FFFE001C1F 7E9E21>IIII89 D<7FFFF87C00F87000F06001E04001E0C003C0 C003C0800780800F80800F00001E00001E00003C00003C0000780000F80000F00001E00001E000 03C00403C0040780040F80040F000C1E000C1E00083C00183C0018780038F801F8FFFFF8161F7D 9E1C>II<080410082010201040204020804080408040B85CFC7E FC7E7C3E381C0F0E7B9F17>II<081020204040808080B8FCFC7C 38060E7D9F0D>96 D<1FE000303000781800781C00300E00000E00000E00000E0000FE00078E00 1E0E00380E00780E00F00E10F00E10F00E10F01E10781E103867200F83C014147E9317>I<0E00 00FE00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E3E000EC3 800F01C00F00E00E00E00E00700E00700E00780E00780E00780E00780E00780E00780E00700E00 700E00E00F00E00D01C00CC300083E0015207F9F19>I<03F80E0C1C1E381E380C70007000F000 F000F000F000F000F00070007000380138011C020E0C03F010147E9314>I<000380003F800003 8000038000038000038000038000038000038000038000038000038003E380061B801C07803803 80380380700380700380F00380F00380F00380F00380F00380F003807003807003803803803807 801C07800E1B8003E3F815207E9F19>I<03F0000E1C001C0E00380700380700700700700380F0 0380F00380FFFF80F00000F00000F000007000007000003800801800800C010007060001F80011 147F9314>I<007C00C6018F038F07060700070007000700070007000700FFF007000700070007 00070007000700070007000700070007000700070007000700070007007FF01020809F0E>I<00 00E003E3300E3C301C1C30380E00780F00780F00780F00780F00780F00380E001C1C001E380033 E0002000002000003000003000003FFE001FFF800FFFC03001E0600070C00030C00030C00030C0 00306000603000C01C038003FC00141F7F9417>I<0E0000FE00000E00000E00000E00000E0000 0E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E3E000E43000E81800F01C00F01C00E01C00E01C0 0E01C00E01C00E01C00E01C00E01C00E01C00E01C00E01C00E01C00E01C00E01C00E01C0FFE7FC 16207F9F19>I<1C003E003E003E001C000000000000000000000000000E007E000E000E000E00 0E000E000E000E000E000E000E000E000E000E000E000E000E000E00FFC00A1F809E0C>I<00E0 01F001F001F000E0000000000000000000000000007007F000F000700070007000700070007000 70007000700070007000700070007000700070007000700070007000706070F060F0C061803F00 0C28829E0E>I<0E0000FE00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00 000E00000E0FF00E03C00E03000E02000E04000E08000E10000E30000E70000EF8000F38000E1C 000E1E000E0E000E07000E07800E03800E03C00E03E0FFCFF815207F9F18>I<0E00FE000E000E 000E000E000E000E000E000E000E000E000E000E000E000E000E000E000E000E000E000E000E00 0E000E000E000E000E000E000E000E00FFE00B20809F0C>I<0E1F01F000FE618618000E81C81C 000F00F00E000F00F00E000E00E00E000E00E00E000E00E00E000E00E00E000E00E00E000E00E0 0E000E00E00E000E00E00E000E00E00E000E00E00E000E00E00E000E00E00E000E00E00E000E00 E00E00FFE7FE7FE023147F9326>I<0E3E00FE43000E81800F01C00F01C00E01C00E01C00E01C0 0E01C00E01C00E01C00E01C00E01C00E01C00E01C00E01C00E01C00E01C00E01C0FFE7FC16147F 9319>I<01F800070E001C03803801C03801C07000E07000E0F000F0F000F0F000F0F000F0F000 F0F000F07000E07000E03801C03801C01C0380070E0001F80014147F9317>I<0E3E00FEC3800F 01C00F00E00E00E00E00F00E00700E00780E00780E00780E00780E00780E00780E00700E00F00E 00E00F01E00F01C00EC3000E3E000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E0000FF E000151D7F9319>I<03E0800619801C05803C0780380380780380700380F00380F00380F00380 F00380F00380F003807003807803803803803807801C0B800E138003E380000380000380000380 000380000380000380000380000380003FF8151D7E9318>I<0E78FE8C0F1E0F1E0F0C0E000E00 0E000E000E000E000E000E000E000E000E000E000E000E00FFE00F147F9312>I<1F9030704030 C010C010C010E00078007F803FE00FF00070803880188018C018C018E030D0608F800D147E9312 >I<020002000200060006000E000E003E00FFF80E000E000E000E000E000E000E000E000E000E 000E000E080E080E080E080E080610031001E00D1C7F9B12>I<0E01C0FE1FC00E01C00E01C00E 01C00E01C00E01C00E01C00E01C00E01C00E01C00E01C00E01C00E01C00E01C00E01C00E03C006 03C0030DC001F1FC16147F9319>III<7FC3FC0F01E00701C007018003810001C20000E40000EC000078 00003800003C00007C00004E000087000107000303800201C00601E01E01E0FF07FE1714809318 >II<3FFF380E200E201C40384078407000E001E001C003 80078007010E011E011C0338027006700EFFFE10147F9314>II E /Fm 9 118 df66 D70 D<003FFE00000001FFFFE0000007FFFFF800000FE007FC00000FF001 FE00001FF800FF00001FF8007F80001FF8007FC0001FF8003FC0000FF0003FE00007E0003FE000 03C0003FE0000000003FE0000000003FE0000000003FE0000000003FE0000000FFFFE000001FFF FFE000007FF83FE00003FF803FE00007FC003FE0000FF0003FE0001FE0003FE0003FE0003FE000 7FC0003FE0007FC0003FE000FF80003FE000FF80003FE000FF80003FE000FF80003FE000FF8000 7FE0007FC0007FE0007FC000DFE0003FE0039FF0001FF80F0FFFE007FFFE0FFFE001FFF807FFE0 003FE000FFE02B267DA52F>97 D<0001FF8000000FFFF000003FFFFC0000FF81FE0003FE007F80 07F8003F800FF8001FC00FF0000FE01FE0000FE03FE0000FF03FE00007F07FC00007F07FC00007 F87FC00007F8FFC00007F8FFC00007F8FFFFFFFFF8FFFFFFFFF8FFFFFFFFF8FFC0000000FFC000 0000FFC0000000FFC00000007FC00000007FC00000007FC00000003FE00000003FE00000781FE0 0000781FF00000780FF00000F007F80001F003FC0003E001FE000FC000FFC07F80003FFFFE0000 0FFFF8000000FFC00025267DA52C>101 D<00FE00000000FFFE00000000FFFE00000000FFFE00 000000FFFE0000000007FE0000000003FE0000000003FE0000000003FE0000000003FE00000000 03FE0000000003FE0000000003FE0000000003FE0000000003FE0000000003FE0000000003FE00 00000003FE0000000003FE0000000003FE0000000003FE0000000003FE0000000003FE00FF8000 03FE03FFF00003FE0FFFF80003FE1E03FC0003FE3801FE0003FE6001FF0003FEC000FF0003FFC0 00FF8003FF8000FF8003FF0000FF8003FF0000FF8003FF0000FF8003FE0000FF8003FE0000FF80 03FE0000FF8003FE0000FF8003FE0000FF8003FE0000FF8003FE0000FF8003FE0000FF8003FE00 00FF8003FE0000FF8003FE0000FF8003FE0000FF8003FE0000FF8003FE0000FF8003FE0000FF80 03FE0000FF8003FE0000FF8003FE0000FF8003FE0000FF8003FE0000FF8003FE0000FF8003FE00 00FF80FFFFF83FFFFEFFFFF83FFFFEFFFFF83FFFFEFFFFF83FFFFE2F3C7CBB36>104 D<01FC03F000FFFC0FFC00FFFC1FFF00FFFC3C3F80FFFC707F8007FCE0FFC003FCC0FFC003FD80 FFC003FD80FFC003FF807F8003FF003F0003FF001E0003FF00000003FE00000003FE00000003FE 00000003FE00000003FE00000003FE00000003FE00000003FE00000003FE00000003FE00000003 FE00000003FE00000003FE00000003FE00000003FE00000003FE00000003FE00000003FE000000 03FE00000003FE00000003FE000000FFFFFC0000FFFFFC0000FFFFFC0000FFFFFC000022267DA5 28>114 D<003FF07003FFFEF007FFFFF01FC01FF03F0003F03E0001F07C0001F07C0000F0FC00 00F0FC0000F0FE0000F0FF000000FFC00000FFFC00007FFFF0003FFFFE003FFFFF801FFFFFC00F FFFFE003FFFFF000FFFFF8001FFFFC00007FFC000007FE700001FEF00000FEF000007EF800007E F800007EFC00007EFC00007CFE0000FCFF0000F8FF8001F0FFF00FE0F9FFFFC0F07FFF00C01FF8 001F267DA526>I<000F0000000F0000000F0000000F0000000F0000001F0000001F0000001F00 00001F0000003F0000003F0000007F0000007F000000FF000001FF000003FF000007FF00001FFF FFF0FFFFFFF0FFFFFFF0FFFFFFF001FF000001FF000001FF000001FF000001FF000001FF000001 FF000001FF000001FF000001FF000001FF000001FF000001FF000001FF000001FF000001FF0000 01FF000001FF000001FF000001FF003C01FF003C01FF003C01FF003C01FF003C01FF003C01FF00 3C01FF003C00FF007800FF8078007F80F0003FC1E0001FFFC0000FFF800001FE001E377EB626> I<00FE00003F80FFFE003FFF80FFFE003FFF80FFFE003FFF80FFFE003FFF8007FE0001FF8003FE 0000FF8003FE0000FF8003FE0000FF8003FE0000FF8003FE0000FF8003FE0000FF8003FE0000FF 8003FE0000FF8003FE0000FF8003FE0000FF8003FE0000FF8003FE0000FF8003FE0000FF8003FE 0000FF8003FE0000FF8003FE0000FF8003FE0000FF8003FE0000FF8003FE0000FF8003FE0000FF 8003FE0000FF8003FE0000FF8003FE0001FF8003FE0001FF8003FE0003FF8001FE0003FF8001FE 0006FF8000FF000CFFC0007F8078FFFE003FFFF0FFFE001FFFE0FFFE0003FF80FFFE2F267CA536 >I E end %%EndProlog %%BeginSetup %%Feature: *Resolution 300dpi TeXDict begin %%EndSetup %%Page: 1 1 0 bop 0 1152 a Fm(Bash)32 b(F)-8 b(eatures)p 0 1185 1950 17 v 1261 1233 a Fl(Ov)o(erview)16 b(Do)q(cumen)o(tation)f(for)g(Bash)1244 1287 y(Edition)h(1.14,)d(for)i Fk(bash)g Fl(V)l(ersion)h(1.14.)1701 1341 y(August)f(1994)0 2443 y Fj(Brian)23 b(F)-6 b(o)n(x,)23 b(F)-6 b(ree)23 b(Soft)n(w)n(are)f(F)-6 b(oundation)0 2509 y(Chet)22 b(Ramey)-6 b(,)23 b(Case)e(W)-6 b(estern)23 b(Reserv)n(e)f(Univ)n (ersit)n(y)p 0 2545 1950 9 v eop %%Page: 2 2 1 bop 0 2636 a Fl(Cop)o(yrigh)o(t)226 2635 y(c)214 2636 y Fi(\015)15 b Fl(1991,)f(1993)g(F)l(ree)h(Soft)o(w)o(are)f(F)l(oundation,)h(Inc.)p eop %%Page: 1 3 2 bop 0 -83 a Fl(Chapter)15 b(1:)k(Bourne)d(Shell)h(St)o(yle)f(F)l(eatures) 1143 b(1)0 158 y Fh(1)41 b(Bourne)15 b(Shell)e(St)n(yle)h(F)-7 b(eatures)62 344 y Fl(Bash)20 b(is)g(an)g(acron)o(ym)f(for)g(Bourne)i(Again)f (SHell.)35 b(The)20 b(Bourne)h(shell)g(is)f(the)g(traditional)h(Unix)f(shell) 0 407 y(originally)f(written)f(b)o(y)f(Stephen)i(Bourne.)27 b(All)19 b(of)e(the)h(Bourne)f(shell)j(builtin)f(commands)f(are)f(a)o(v)m (ailable)i(in)0 469 y(Bash,)g(and)f(the)g(rules)h(for)e(ev)m(aluation)j(and)e (quoting)g(are)g(tak)o(en)g(from)f(the)h(P)o(osix)g(1003.2)f(sp)q (eci\014cation)j(for)0 531 y(the)15 b(`standard')f(Unix)i(shell.)62 668 y(This)g(section)f(brie\015y)h(summarizes)f(things)g(whic)o(h)h(Bash)f (inherits)h(from)e(the)g(Bourne)i(shell:)21 b(shell)16 b(con)o(trol)0 731 y(structures,)i(builtins,)i(v)m(ariables,)g(and)e(other)g(features.)27 b(It)18 b(also)g(lists)h(the)f(signi\014can)o(t)h(di\013erences)g(b)q(et)o(w) o(een)0 793 y(Bash)c(and)h(the)f(Bourne)h(Shell.)0 1016 y Fj(1.1)33 b(Lo)r(oping)15 b(Constructs)62 1153 y Fl(Note)g(that)g(wherev)o(er)h(y)o(ou) f(see)h(a)f(`)p Fk(;)p Fl(')g(in)h(the)g(description)h(of)e(a)g(command's)g (syn)o(tax,)g(it)h(ma)o(y)e(b)q(e)j(replaced)0 1216 y(indiscriminately)h (with)e(one)f(or)g(more)g(newlines.)62 1353 y(Bash)h(supp)q(orts)f(the)g (follo)o(wing)h(lo)q(oping)g(constructs.)0 1502 y Fk(until)120 b Fl(The)15 b(syn)o(tax)g(of)g(the)g Fk(until)f Fl(command)h(is:)360 1564 y Fk(until)23 b Fg(test-commands)r Fk(;)g(do)h Fg(consequen)o (t-commands)r Fk(;)g(done)240 1638 y Fl(Execute)14 b Fg(consequen)o (t-commands)i Fl(as)d(long)h(as)f(the)h(\014nal)h(command)e(in)i Fg(test-commands)g Fl(has)e(an)240 1701 y(exit)j(status)e(whic)o(h)i(is)g (not)f(zero.)0 1788 y Fk(while)120 b Fl(The)15 b(syn)o(tax)g(of)g(the)g Fk(while)f Fl(command)h(is:)360 1850 y Fk(while)23 b Fg(test-commands)r Fk(;)g(do)h Fg(consequen)o(t-commands)r Fk(;)g(done)240 1924 y Fl(Execute)14 b Fg(consequen)o(t-commands)i Fl(as)d(long)h(as)f(the)h (\014nal)h(command)e(in)i Fg(test-commands)g Fl(has)e(an)240 1987 y(exit)j(status)e(of)h(zero.)0 2073 y Fk(for)168 b Fl(The)15 b(syn)o(tax)g(of)g(the)g(for)g(command)g(is:)360 2135 y Fk(for)23 b Fg(name)k Fk([in)c Fg(w)o(ords)i Fk(...];)f(do)f Fg(commands)r Fk(;)h(done)240 2210 y Fl(Execute)11 b Fg(commands)g Fl(for)f(eac)o(h)g(mem)o (b)q(er)h(in)g Fg(w)o(ords)p Fl(,)f(with)g Fg(name)j Fl(b)q(ound)e(to)f(the)g (curren)o(t)g(mem)o(b)q(er.)240 2272 y(If)15 b(\\)p Fk(in)g Fg(w)o(ords)r Fl(")f(is)i(not)f(presen)o(t,)f(\\)p Fk(in)h("$@")p Fl(")f(is)i(assumed.)0 2496 y Fj(1.2)33 b(Conditional)16 b(Constructs)0 2645 y Fk(if)192 b Fl(The)15 b(syn)o(tax)g(of)g(the)g Fk(if)g Fl(command)g(is:)p eop %%Page: 2 4 3 bop 0 -83 a Fl(2)1646 b(Bash)15 b(F)l(eatures)360 158 y Fk(if)24 b Fg(test-commands)r Fk(;)f(then)408 208 y Fg(consequen)o(t-commands)r Fk(;)360 258 y([elif)g Fg(more-test-commands)r Fk(;)g(then)408 308 y Fg(more-consequen)o(ts)r Fk(;])360 358 y([else)g Fg (alternate-consequen)o(ts)r Fk(;])360 407 y(fi)240 483 y Fl(Execute)e Fg(consequen)o(t-commands)h Fl(only)f(if)g(the)g(\014nal)g(command)f(in)h Fg(test-commands)h Fl(has)e(an)240 545 y(exit)c(status)e(of)h(zero.)20 b(Otherwise,)c(eac)o(h)f Fk(elif)g Fl(list)h(is)f(executed)i(in)f(turn,)f (and)g(if)h(its)f(exit)h(status)240 608 y(is)g(zero,)f(the)h(corresp)q (onding)h Fg(more-consequen)o(ts)g Fl(is)f(executed)h(and)f(the)f(command)h (completes.)240 670 y(If)i(\\)p Fk(else)d Fg(alternate-consequen)o(ts)r Fl(")j(is)h(presen)o(t,)f(and)h(the)f(\014nal)h(command)f(in)h(the)g(\014nal) g Fk(if)e Fl(or)240 732 y Fk(elif)e Fl(clause)h(has)f(a)g(non-zero)g(exit)h (status,)e(then)h(execute)h Fg(alternate-consequen)o(ts)p Fl(.)0 822 y Fk(case)144 b Fl(The)15 b(syn)o(tax)g(of)g(the)g Fk(case)g Fl(command)g(is:)360 885 y Fk(case)23 b Fg(w)o(ord)i Fk(in)f([)p Fg(pattern)f Fk([|)h Fg(pattern)p Fk(]...\))f Fg(commands)i Fk(;;]...)e(esac)240 961 y Fl(Selectiv)o(ely)c(execute)e Fg(commands)h Fl(based)e(up)q(on)h Fg(w)o(ord)h Fl(matc)o(hing)e Fg(pattern)p Fl(.)23 b(The)16 b(`)p Fk(|)p Fl(')g(is)h(used)g(to)240 1023 y(separate)e(m)o(ultiple)i(patterns.)240 1099 y(Here)d(is)h(an)f(example)g (using)h Fk(case)e Fl(in)i(a)f(script)g(that)f(could)i(b)q(e)g(used)f(to)g (describ)q(e)h(an)f(in)o(teresting)240 1161 y(feature)h(of)g(an)g(animal:)360 1224 y Fk(echo)23 b(-n)h("Enter)f(the)g(name)h(of)f(an)h(animal:)f(")360 1274 y(read)g(ANIMAL)360 1324 y(echo)g(-n)h("The)f($ANIMAL)g(has)h(")360 1374 y(case)f($ANIMAL)g(in)408 1423 y(horse)g(|)h(dog)f(|)h(cat\))f(echo)g (-n)h("four";;)408 1473 y(man)f(|)h(kangaroo)f(\))g(echo)h(-n)f("two";;)408 1523 y(*\))g(echo)h(-n)f("an)h(unknown)f(number)g(of";;)360 1573 y(esac)360 1623 y(echo)g("legs.")0 1856 y Fj(1.3)33 b(Shell)16 b(F)-6 b(unctions)62 1994 y Fl(Shell)20 b(functions)f(are)f(a)g(w)o(a)o(y)g (to)f(group)h(commands)g(for)g(later)g(execution)h(using)g(a)f(single)i(name) e(for)g(the)0 2057 y(group.)36 b(They)21 b(are)f(executed)h(just)g(lik)o(e)g (a)g Fk(")p Fl(regular)p Fk(")f Fl(command.)36 b(Shell)22 b(functions)g(are)e (executed)h(in)h(the)0 2119 y(curren)o(t)15 b(shell)i(con)o(text;)d(no)h(new) h(pro)q(cess)f(is)h(created)f(to)g(in)o(terpret)g(them.)62 2257 y(F)l(unctions)h(are)f(declared)i(using)e(this)h(syn)o(tax:)120 2383 y Fk([)24 b(function)e(])i Fg(name)j Fk(\(\))c({)h Fg(command-list)q Fk(;)h(})62 2521 y Fl(This)16 b(de\014nes)h(a)e(function)i(named)e Fg(name)p Fl(.)21 b(The)16 b Fg(b)q(o)q(dy)k Fl(of)15 b(the)h(function)g(is)g (the)g Fg(command-list)h Fl(b)q(et)o(w)o(een)f Fk({)0 2583 y Fl(and)d Fk(})p Fl(.)19 b(This)14 b(list)g(is)g(executed)g(whenev)o(er)g Fg(name)i Fl(is)d(sp)q(eci\014ed)j(as)c(the)i(name)f(of)g(a)g(command.)19 b(The)13 b(exit)h(status)0 2645 y(of)h(a)g(function)h(is)f(the)h(exit)f (status)g(of)f(the)i(last)f(command)g(executed)h(in)g(the)f(b)q(o)q(dy)l(.)p eop %%Page: 3 5 4 bop 0 -83 a Fl(Chapter)15 b(1:)k(Bourne)d(Shell)h(St)o(yle)f(F)l(eatures) 1143 b(3)62 158 y(When)17 b(a)e(function)i(is)g(executed,)g(the)f(argumen)o (ts)f(to)g(the)i(function)f(b)q(ecome)h(the)f(p)q(ositional)i(parameters)0 221 y(during)h(its)f(execution.)29 b(The)18 b(sp)q(ecial)i(parameter)d Fk(#)h Fl(that)f(giv)o(es)h(the)g(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)h(of)e(p)q(ositional)i (parameters)e(is)0 283 y(up)q(dated)f(to)f(re\015ect)g(the)g(c)o(hange.)20 b(P)o(ositional)c(parameter)e(0)h(is)h(unc)o(hanged.)62 420 y(If)f(the)g(builtin)i(command)e Fk(return)f Fl(is)h(executed)h(in)f(a)g (function,)g(the)g(function)g(completes)h(and)f(execution)0 482 y(resumes)g(with)h(the)f(next)h(command)f(after)f(the)h(function)i(call.) k(When)15 b(a)g(function)h(completes,)g(the)f(v)m(alues)h(of)0 544 y(the)f(p)q(ositional)h(parameters)e(and)h(the)g(sp)q(ecial)i(parameter)d Fk(#)h Fl(are)f(restored)g(to)h(the)g(v)m(alues)h(they)f(had)g(prior)g(to)0 607 y(function)h(execution.)0 828 y Fj(1.4)33 b(Bourne)15 b(Shell)i(Builtins) 62 965 y Fl(The)d(follo)o(wing)g(shell)h(builtin)g(commands)e(are)g (inherited)i(from)e(the)g(Bourne)h(shell.)21 b(These)13 b(commands)g(are)0 1027 y(implemen)o(ted)k(as)e(sp)q(eci\014ed)i(b)o(y)e(the)g(P)o(osix)h (1003.2)d(standard.)0 1175 y Fk(:)216 b Fl(Do)15 b(nothing)g(b)q(ey)o(ond)h (expanding)h(an)o(y)d(argumen)o(ts)h(and)g(p)q(erforming)h(redirections.)0 1261 y Fk(.)216 b Fl(Read)15 b(and)g(execute)g(commands)g(from)f(the)h Fg(\014lename)j Fl(argumen)o(t)c(in)h(the)g(curren)o(t)g(shell)h(con)o(text.) 0 1346 y Fk(break)120 b Fl(Exit)15 b(from)g(a)g Fk(for)p Fl(,)f Fk(while)p Fl(,)g(or)h Fk(until)f Fl(lo)q(op.)0 1432 y Fk(cd)192 b Fl(Change)15 b(the)g(curren)o(t)h(w)o(orking)e(directory)l(.)0 1517 y Fk(continue)48 b Fl(Resume)16 b(the)f(next)h(iteration)f(of)g(an)g (enclosing)i Fk(for)p Fl(,)d Fk(while)p Fl(,)g(or)h Fk(until)f Fl(lo)q(op.)0 1603 y Fk(echo)144 b Fl(Prin)o(t)15 b(the)g(argumen)o(ts,)f (separated)h(b)o(y)g(spaces,)h(to)e(the)h(standard)g(output.)0 1689 y Fk(eval)144 b Fl(The)17 b(argumen)o(ts)g(are)f(concatenated)h (together)g(in)o(to)g(a)g(single)h(command,)f(whic)o(h)h(is)g(then)f(read)240 1751 y(and)e(executed.)0 1836 y Fk(exec)144 b Fl(If)16 b(a)g Fg(command)i Fl(argumen)o(t)d(is)i(supplied,)h(it)f(replaces)g(the)f(shell.) 24 b(If)17 b(no)f Fg(command)i Fl(is)e(sp)q(eci\014ed,)240 1899 y(redirections)g(ma)o(y)f(b)q(e)h(used)g(to)e(a\013ect)h(the)g(curren)o (t)g(shell)i(en)o(vironmen)o(t.)0 1984 y Fk(exit)144 b Fl(Exit)15 b(the)h(shell.)0 2070 y Fk(export)96 b Fl(Mark)14 b(the)i(argumen)o(ts)e(as)h (v)m(ariables)h(to)f(b)q(e)h(passed)f(to)g(c)o(hild)i(pro)q(cesses)e(in)h (the)f(en)o(vironmen)o(t.)0 2155 y Fk(getopts)72 b Fl(P)o(arse)14 b(options)i(to)e(shell)j(scripts)f(or)e(functions.)0 2241 y Fk(hash)144 b Fl(Remem)o(b)q(er)17 b(the)g(full)g(pathnames)g(of)f(commands)g (sp)q(eci\014ed)i(as)e(argumen)o(ts,)g(so)g(they)g(need)h(not)240 2303 y(b)q(e)f(searc)o(hed)f(for)g(on)g(subsequen)o(t)h(in)o(v)o(o)q (cations.)0 2389 y Fk(kill)144 b Fl(Send)16 b(a)f(signal)h(to)f(a)f(pro)q (cess.)0 2474 y Fk(pwd)168 b Fl(Prin)o(t)15 b(the)g(curren)o(t)h(w)o(orking)e (directory)l(.)0 2560 y Fk(read)144 b Fl(Read)16 b(a)f(line)i(from)d(the)h (shell)i(input)f(and)g(use)f(it)h(to)e(set)h(the)g(v)m(alues)i(of)e(sp)q (eci\014ed)i(v)m(ariables.)0 2645 y Fk(readonly)48 b Fl(Mark)14 b(v)m(ariables)j(as)e(unc)o(hangable.)p eop %%Page: 4 6 5 bop 0 -83 a Fl(4)1646 b(Bash)15 b(F)l(eatures)0 158 y Fk(return)96 b Fl(Cause)15 b(a)g(shell)i(function)f(to)e(exit)i(with)g(a)e(sp)q(eci\014ed) k(v)m(alue.)0 258 y Fk(shift)120 b Fl(Shift)16 b(p)q(ositional)g(parameters)f (to)f(the)i(left.)0 358 y Fk(test)0 439 y([)216 b Fl(Ev)m(aluate)16 b(a)f(conditional)h(expression.)0 539 y Fk(times)120 b Fl(Prin)o(t)15 b(out)g(the)g(user)h(and)f(system)g(times)g(used)h(b)o(y)f(the)g(shell)i(and) f(its)f(c)o(hildren.)0 639 y Fk(trap)144 b Fl(Sp)q(ecify)17 b(commands)e(to)f(b)q(e)i(executed)g(when)g(the)f(shell)i(receiv)o(es)f (signals.)0 739 y Fk(umask)120 b Fl(Set)15 b(the)h(shell)g(pro)q(cess's)f (\014le)i(creation)e(mask.)0 838 y Fk(unset)120 b Fl(Cause)15 b(shell)i(v)m(ariables)f(to)f(disapp)q(ear.)0 938 y Fk(wait)144 b Fl(W)l(ait)15 b(un)o(til)h(c)o(hild)h(pro)q(cesses)f(exit)g(and)f(rep)q (ort)g(their)g(exit)h(status.)0 1219 y Fj(1.5)33 b(Bourne)15 b(Shell)i(V)-6 b(ariables)62 1363 y Fl(Bash)20 b(uses)h(certain)f(shell)h(v)m (ariables)h(in)f(the)f(same)f(w)o(a)o(y)g(as)h(the)g(Bourne)g(shell.)36 b(In)21 b(some)e(cases,)i(Bash)0 1425 y(assigns)15 b(a)g(default)h(v)m(alue)g (to)f(the)g(v)m(ariable.)0 1587 y Fk(IFS)168 b Fl(A)19 b(list)i(of)d(c)o (haracters)h(that)g(separate)f(\014elds;)23 b(used)d(when)f(the)h(shell)h (splits)f(w)o(ords)f(as)g(part)f(of)240 1649 y(expansion.)0 1749 y Fk(PATH)144 b Fl(A)15 b(colon-separated)h(list)g(of)f(directories)h (in)g(whic)o(h)g(the)f(shell)i(lo)q(oks)e(for)g(commands.)0 1849 y Fk(HOME)144 b Fl(The)15 b(curren)o(t)h(user's)e(home)i(directory)l(.)0 1949 y Fk(CDPATH)96 b Fl(A)15 b(colon-separated)h(list)g(of)f(directories)h (used)g(as)e(a)h(searc)o(h)g(path)g(for)g(the)g Fk(cd)g Fl(command.)0 2049 y Fk(MAILPATH)48 b Fl(A)13 b(colon-separated)h(list)g(of)f(\014les)i (whic)o(h)f(the)g(shell)h(p)q(erio)q(dically)h(c)o(hec)o(ks)e(for)e(new)i (mail.)20 b(Y)l(ou)14 b(can)240 2111 y(also)f(sp)q(ecify)i(what)d(message)h (is)h(prin)o(ted)f(b)o(y)h(separating)f(the)g(\014le)h(name)f(from)g(the)g (message)g(with)240 2173 y(a)18 b(`)p Fk(?)p Fl('.)29 b(When)19 b(used)g(in)g(the)g(text)f(of)g(the)h(message,)f Fk($_)g Fl(stands)g(for)g (the)h(name)f(of)g(the)h(curren)o(t)240 2236 y(mail\014le.)0 2335 y Fk(PS1)168 b Fl(The)15 b(primary)h(prompt)e(string.)0 2435 y Fk(PS2)168 b Fl(The)15 b(secondary)h(prompt)e(string.)0 2535 y Fk(OPTIND)96 b Fl(The)15 b(index)i(of)e(the)g(last)g(option)g(pro)q (cessed)h(b)o(y)g(the)f Fk(getopts)f Fl(builtin.)0 2635 y Fk(OPTARG)96 b Fl(The)15 b(v)m(alue)i(of)e(the)g(last)g(option)g(argumen)o(t)g(pro)q (cessed)h(b)o(y)f(the)g Fk(getopts)f Fl(builtin.)p eop %%Page: 5 7 6 bop 0 -83 a Fl(Chapter)15 b(1:)k(Bourne)d(Shell)h(St)o(yle)f(F)l(eatures) 1143 b(5)0 158 y Fj(1.6)33 b(Other)15 b(Bourne)g(Shell)i(F)-6 b(eatures)62 297 y Fl(Bash)15 b(implemen)o(ts)g(essen)o(tially)h(the)e(same)g (grammar,)f(parameter)g(and)h(v)m(ariable)i(expansion,)f(redirection,)0 359 y(and)h(quoting)g(as)f(the)h(Bourne)g(Shell.)23 b(Bash)16 b(uses)g(the)g(P)o(osix)f(1003.2)f(standard)i(as)f(the)h(sp)q(eci\014cation)h (of)e(ho)o(w)0 421 y(these)i(features)f(are)g(to)g(b)q(e)h(implemen)o(ted.)25 b(There)17 b(are)f(some)g(di\013erences)h(b)q(et)o(w)o(een)g(the)f (traditional)i(Bourne)0 483 y(shell)f(and)f(the)f(P)o(osix)h(standard;)f (this)h(section)g(quic)o(kly)h(details)f(the)g(di\013erences)g(of)f (signi\014cance.)23 b(A)16 b(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)0 546 y(of)f(these)g (di\013erences)i(are)d(explained)k(in)e(greater)e(depth)i(in)g(subsequen)o(t) g(sections.)0 765 y Ff(1.6.1)30 b(Ma)s(jor)15 b(Di\013erences)h(from)e(the)h (Bourne)g(Shell)62 903 y Fl(Bash)i(implemen)o(ts)g(the)g Fk(!)f Fl(k)o(eyw)o(ord)f(to)h(negate)g(the)g(return)g(v)m(alue)i(of)e(a)g(pip)q (eline.)26 b(V)l(ery)17 b(useful)g(when)g(an)0 965 y Fk(if)e Fl(statemen)o(t)f(needs)i(to)f(act)f(only)i(if)g(a)f(test)f(fails.)62 1103 y(Bash)i(includes)h(brace)e(expansion)h(\(see)g(Section)g(2.2)e([Brace)h (Expansion],)g(page)g(7\).)62 1242 y(Bash)h(includes)h(the)f(P)o(osix)f(and)h Fk(ksh)p Fl(-st)o(yle)f(pattern)g(remo)o(v)m(al)g Fk(\045\045)h Fl(and)f Fk(##)g Fl(constructs)g(to)g(remo)o(v)o(e)g(leading)0 1304 y(or)g(trailing)h(substrings)f(from)g(v)m(ariables.)62 1442 y(The)j(P)o(osix)g(and)g Fk(ksh)p Fl(-st)o(yle)g Fk($\(\))f Fl(form)g(of)h(command)f(substitution)i(is)f(implemen)o(ted,)i(and)e (preferred)h(to)0 1504 y(the)c(Bourne)h(shell's)g Fk(``)f Fl(\(whic)o(h)h(is) g(also)f(implemen)o(ted)i(for)d(bac)o(kw)o(ards)h(compatibilit)o(y\).)62 1643 y(V)l(ariables)e(presen)o(t)g(in)f(the)h(shell's)g(initial)h(en)o (vironmen)o(t)e(are)g(automatically)g(exp)q(orted)h(to)e(c)o(hild)j(pro)q (cesses.)0 1705 y(The)19 b(Bourne)g(shell)h(do)q(es)f(not)f(normally)h(do)g (this)g(unless)g(the)g(v)m(ariables)h(are)e(explicitly)j(mark)o(ed)e(using)g (the)0 1767 y Fk(export)14 b Fl(command.)62 1905 y(The)i(expansion)g Fk(${#xx})p Fl(,)e(whic)o(h)i(returns)f(the)g(length)h(of)f Fk($xx)p Fl(,)f(is)i(supp)q(orted.)62 2044 y(The)k Fk(IFS)g Fl(v)m(ariable)h(is)f(used)g(to)f(split)i(only)f(the)g(results)g(of)g (expansion,)h(not)e(all)i(w)o(ords.)33 b(This)20 b(closes)g(a)0 2106 y(longstanding)c(shell)h(securit)o(y)e(hole.)62 2244 y(It)i(is)g(p)q (ossible)i(to)d(ha)o(v)o(e)h(a)f(v)m(ariable)i(and)f(a)g(function)h(with)f (the)g(same)f(name;)h Fk(sh)g Fl(do)q(es)g(not)g(separate)f(the)0 2306 y(t)o(w)o(o)e(name)h(spaces.)62 2445 y(Bash)j(functions)h(are)e(p)q (ermitted)i(to)e(ha)o(v)o(e)h(lo)q(cal)g(v)m(ariables,)i(and)e(th)o(us)g (useful)h(recursiv)o(e)f(functions)h(ma)o(y)0 2507 y(b)q(e)d(written.)62 2645 y(The)g Fk(noclobber)e Fl(option)h(is)h(a)o(v)m(ailable)h(to)d(a)o(v)o (oid)h(o)o(v)o(erwriting)g(existing)h(\014les)g(with)g(output)f(redirection.) p eop %%Page: 6 8 7 bop 0 -83 a Fl(6)1646 b(Bash)15 b(F)l(eatures)62 158 y(Bash)i(allo)o(ws)g (y)o(ou)f(to)g(write)g(a)g(function)i(to)e(o)o(v)o(erride)g(a)g(builtin,)j (and)e(pro)o(vides)g(access)f(to)g(that)g(builtin's)0 221 y(functionalit)o(y) g(within)h(the)e(function)h(via)g(the)f Fk(builtin)f Fl(and)h Fk(command)g Fl(builtins.)62 358 y(The)f Fk(command)e Fl(builtin)j(allo)o(ws) f(selectiv)o(e)g(disabling)h(of)e(functions)h(when)f(command)g(lo)q(okup)h (is)g(p)q(erformed.)62 495 y(Individual)k(builtins)g(ma)o(y)c(b)q(e)i (enabled)h(or)e(disabled)i(using)e(the)h Fk(enable)e Fl(builtin.)62 632 y(F)l(unctions)i(ma)o(y)f(b)q(e)h(exp)q(orted)f(to)g(c)o(hildren)i(via)e (the)h(en)o(vironmen)o(t.)62 769 y(The)g(Bash)f Fk(read)g Fl(builtin)i(will)g (read)f(a)f(line)h(ending)h(in)f Fk(\\)f Fl(with)h(the)f Fk(-r)g Fl(option,)g(and)h(will)h(use)e(the)h Fk($REPLY)0 831 y Fl(v)m(ariable)h(as)d (a)h(default)h(if)g(no)f(argumen)o(ts)f(are)h(supplied.)62 968 y(The)j Fk(return)f Fl(builtin)j(ma)o(y)d(b)q(e)h(used)h(to)e(ab)q(ort)g (execution)h(of)g(scripts)g(executed)g(with)g(the)g Fk(.)g Fl(or)f Fk(source)0 1030 y Fl(builtins.)62 1167 y(The)f Fk(umask)e Fl(builtin)k(allo)o(ws)d(sym)o(b)q(olic)h(mo)q(de)g(argumen)o(ts)e(similar)j (to)d(those)h(accepted)h(b)o(y)f Fk(chmod)p Fl(.)62 1304 y(The)d Fk(test)e Fl(builtin)k(is)d(sligh)o(tly)i(di\013eren)o(t,)e(as)g(it)h (implemen)o(ts)g(the)f(P)o(osix)g(1003.2)f(algorithm,)h(whic)o(h)h(sp)q (eci\014es)0 1366 y(the)j(b)q(eha)o(vior)h(based)g(on)f(the)g(n)o(um)o(b)q (er)g(of)g(argumen)o(ts.)p eop %%Page: 7 9 8 bop 0 -83 a Fl(Chapter)15 b(2:)k(C-Shell)f(St)o(yle)d(F)l(eatures)1254 b(7)0 158 y Fh(2)41 b(C-Shell)13 b(St)n(yle)h(F)-7 b(eatures)62 330 y Fl(The)18 b(C-Shell)h(\()p Fk(csh)p Fl(\))e(w)o(as)f(created)i(b)o(y)f (Bill)j(Jo)o(y)d(at)g(UC)g(Berk)o(eley)l(.)28 b(It)18 b(is)g(generally)h (considered)f(to)f(ha)o(v)o(e)0 392 y(b)q(etter)e(features)f(for)g(in)o (teractiv)o(e)h(use)g(than)f(the)h(original)h(Bourne)f(shell.)21 b(Some)15 b(of)f(the)h Fk(csh)f Fl(features)g(presen)o(t)0 455 y(in)21 b(Bash)f(include)i(job)e(con)o(trol,)g(history)g(expansion,)h (`protected')e(redirection,)j(and)e(sev)o(eral)g(v)m(ariables)i(for)0 517 y(con)o(trolling)16 b(the)f(in)o(teractiv)o(e)h(b)q(eha)o(viour)g(of)f (the)g(shell)i(\(e.g.)i Fk(IGNOREEOF)p Fl(\).)62 654 y(See)d(Chapter)f(6)g ([Using)g(History)g(In)o(teractiv)o(ely],)h(page)f(33)f(for)h(details)h(on)f (history)g(expansion.)0 863 y Fj(2.1)33 b(Tilde)16 b(Expansion)62 1000 y Fl(Bash)k(has)f(tilde)i(\()p Fk(~)p Fl(\))e(expansion,)i(similar,)g (but)f(not)f(iden)o(tical,)j(to)d(that)f(of)h Fk(csh)p Fl(.)33 b(The)19 b(follo)o(wing)i(table)0 1062 y(sho)o(ws)15 b(what)f(unquoted)i(w)o (ords)e(b)q(eginning)k(with)d(a)g(tilde)i(expand)e(to.)0 1208 y Fk(~)216 b Fl(The)15 b(curren)o(t)h(v)m(alue)g(of)f Fk($HOME)p Fl(.)0 1288 y Fk(~/foo)120 b Fl(`)p Fk($HOME/foo)p Fl(')0 1359 y Fk(~fred/foo)240 1421 y Fl(The)15 b(sub)q(directory)i Fk(foo)d Fl(of)h(the)g(home)h(directory)f(of)g(the)g(user)g Fk(fred)p Fl(.)0 1501 y Fk(~+/foo)96 b Fl(`)p Fk($PWD/foo)p Fl(')0 1580 y Fk(~-)192 b Fl(`)p Fk($OLDPWD/foo)p Fl(')62 1726 y(Bash)21 b(will)h(also)f(tilde)h(expand)g(w)o(ords)e(follo)o(wing)h(redirection)h(op)q (erators)e(and)h(w)o(ords)f(follo)o(wing)h(`)p Fk(=)p Fl(')f(in)0 1788 y(assignmen)o(t)15 b(statemen)o(ts.)0 1998 y Fj(2.2)33 b(Brace)14 b(Expansion)62 2135 y Fl(Brace)d(expansion)h(is)g(a)e(mec)o (hanism)i(b)o(y)f(whic)o(h)h(arbitrary)e(strings)h(ma)o(y)f(b)q(e)i (generated.)18 b(This)12 b(mec)o(hanism)f(is)0 2197 y(similar)j(to)e Fg(pathname)g(expansion)i Fl(\(see)f(the)f(Bash)h(man)o(ual)g(page)g(for)f (details\),)h(but)g(the)g(\014le)g(names)g(generated)0 2259 y(need)j(not)f(exist.)21 b(P)o(atterns)14 b(to)h(b)q(e)h(brace)g(expanded)g (tak)o(e)f(the)h(form)e(of)h(an)h(optional)g Fg(pream)o(ble)p Fl(,)f(follo)o(w)o(ed)h(b)o(y)0 2321 y(a)h(series)g(of)g(comma-separated)f (strings)h(b)q(et)o(w)o(een)g(a)g(pair)h(of)e(braces,)h(follo)o(w)o(ed)h(b)o (y)f(an)g(optional)g Fg(p)q(ostam)o(ble)p Fl(.)0 2384 y(The)f(pream)o(ble)h (is)f(prep)q(ended)i(to)d(eac)o(h)h(string)g(con)o(tained)h(within)g(the)f (braces,)g(and)g(the)g(p)q(ostam)o(ble)g(is)h(then)0 2446 y(app)q(ended)g(to) d(eac)o(h)i(resulting)g(string,)f(expanding)h(left)g(to)e(righ)o(t.)62 2583 y(Brace)19 b(expansions)g(ma)o(y)f(b)q(e)i(nested.)30 b(The)19 b(results)g(of)f(eac)o(h)h(expanded)h(string)f(are)f(not)g(sorted;)i (left)f(to)0 2645 y(righ)o(t)c(order)g(is)h(preserv)o(ed.)k(F)l(or)14 b(example,)p eop %%Page: 8 10 9 bop 0 -83 a Fl(8)1646 b(Bash)15 b(F)l(eatures)120 158 y Fk(a{d,c,b}e)62 297 y Fl(expands)h(in)o(to)f Fg(ade)h(ace)f(ab)q(e)p Fl(.)62 436 y(Brace)h(expansion)g(is)g(p)q(erformed)g(b)q(efore)g(an)o(y)f(other)g (expansions,)h(and)g(an)o(y)f(c)o(haracters)g(sp)q(ecial)i(to)e(other)0 499 y(expansions)k(are)f(preserv)o(ed)h(in)g(the)f(result.)30 b(It)18 b(is)h(strictly)g(textual.)29 b(Bash)18 b(do)q(es)h(not)f(apply)h(an) o(y)f(syn)o(tactic)0 561 y(in)o(terpretation)d(to)g(the)g(con)o(text)g(of)g (the)g(expansion)h(or)f(the)g(text)g(b)q(et)o(w)o(een)g(the)g(braces.)62 700 y(A)h(correctly-formed)f(brace)h(expansion)g(m)o(ust)f(con)o(tain)g (unquoted)h(op)q(ening)h(and)e(closing)i(braces,)e(and)h(at)0 762 y(least)f(one)h(unquoted)f(comma.)20 b(An)o(y)15 b(incorrectly)h(formed)f (brace)g(expansion)h(is)g(left)g(unc)o(hanged.)62 901 y(This)22 b(construct)f(is)h(t)o(ypically)h(used)f(as)f(shorthand)g(when)h(the)f (common)g(pre\014x)h(of)f(the)g(strings)h(to)e(b)q(e)0 963 y(generated)15 b(is)h(longer)f(than)g(in)h(the)g(ab)q(o)o(v)o(e)f(example:) 120 1090 y Fk(mkdir)23 b(/usr/local/src/bash/{old,ne)o(w,dist,b)o(ugs})62 1229 y Fl(or)120 1355 y Fk(chown)g(root)g(/usr/{ucb/{ex,edit},lib/{ex?.?)o (*,how_e)o(x}})0 1598 y Fj(2.3)33 b(C)14 b(Shell)j(Builtins)62 1737 y Fl(Bash)f(has)f(sev)o(eral)g(builtin)i(commands)e(whose)h (de\014nition)h(is)e(v)o(ery)g(similar)h(to)f Fk(csh)p Fl(.)0 1890 y Fk(pushd)360 1955 y(pushd)23 b([)p Fg(dir)28 b Fk(|)c(+)p Fg(n)g Fk(|)f Fg(-n)p Fk(])240 2031 y Fl(Sa)o(v)o(e)14 b(the)g(curren)o(t)h (directory)f(on)g(a)g(list)i(and)e(then)h Fk(cd)f Fl(to)f Fg(dir)p Fl(.)21 b(With)14 b(no)h(argumen)o(ts,)e(exc)o(hanges)240 2093 y(the)i(top)g(t)o(w)o(o)f(directories.)240 2185 y Fk(+)p Fg(n)191 b Fl(Brings)13 b(the)f Fg(n)p Fl(th)h(directory)f(\(coun)o(ting)h(from)e(the) i(left)f(of)g(the)g(list)i(prin)o(ted)f(b)o(y)f Fk(dirs)p Fl(\))480 2247 y(to)j(the)g(top)g(of)f(the)i(list)g(b)o(y)f(rotating)f(the)h(stac)o(k.) 240 2338 y Fk(-)p Fg(n)191 b Fl(Brings)21 b(the)f Fg(n)p Fl(th)g(directory)h (\(coun)o(ting)f(from)g(the)g(righ)o(t)g(of)g(the)g(list)h(prin)o(ted)g(b)o (y)480 2400 y Fk(dirs)p Fl(\))14 b(to)h(the)g(top)g(of)g(the)g(list)h(b)o(y)f (rotating)f(the)i(stac)o(k.)240 2492 y Fg(dir)185 b Fl(Mak)o(es)14 b(the)g(curren)o(t)h(w)o(orking)f(directory)g(b)q(e)i(the)e(top)g(of)g(the)h (stac)o(k,)e(and)i(then)g Fg(cd)r Fl(s)480 2554 y(to)g Fg(dir)p Fl(.)20 b(Y)l(ou)c(can)f(see)g(the)h(sa)o(v)o(ed)e(directory)i(list)g(with)f (the)h Fk(dirs)e Fl(command.)0 2645 y Fk(popd)p eop %%Page: 9 11 10 bop 0 -83 a Fl(Chapter)15 b(2:)k(C-Shell)f(St)o(yle)d(F)l(eatures)1254 b(9)360 158 y Fk(popd)23 b([+)p Fg(n)h Fk(|)g(-)p Fg(n)p Fk(])240 240 y Fl(P)o(ops)17 b(the)g(directory)h(stac)o(k,)f(and)h Fk(cd)p Fl(s)f(to)f(the)i(new)g(top)f(directory)l(.)27 b(When)17 b(no)h(argumen)o(ts) e(are)240 302 y(giv)o(en,)f(remo)o(v)o(es)e(the)i(top)e(directory)i(from)f (the)g(stac)o(k)g(and)g Fk(cd)p Fl(s)g(to)g(the)g(new)h(top)f(directory)l(.) 20 b(The)240 365 y(elemen)o(ts)14 b(are)g(n)o(um)o(b)q(ered)g(from)f(0)g (starting)g(at)g(the)h(\014rst)f(directory)h(listed)h(with)f Fk(dirs)p Fl(;)f(i.e.)20 b Fk(popd)240 427 y Fl(is)c(equiv)m(alen)o(t)h(to)d Fk(popd)h(+0)p Fl(.)240 528 y Fk(+)p Fg(n)191 b Fl(Remo)o(v)o(es)19 b(the)g Fg(n)p Fl(th)g(directory)g(\(coun)o(ting)g(from)f(the)i(left)f(of)f (the)h(list)h(prin)o(ted)g(b)o(y)480 590 y Fk(dirs)p Fl(\),)14 b(starting)g(with)i(zero.)240 691 y Fk(-)p Fg(n)191 b Fl(Remo)o(v)o(es)16 b(the)h Fg(n)p Fl(th)f(directory)h(\(coun)o(ting)g(from)e(the)i(righ)o(t)f (of)g(the)h(list)g(prin)o(ted)g(b)o(y)480 753 y Fk(dirs)p Fl(\),)d(starting)g (with)i(zero.)0 854 y Fk(dirs)360 924 y(dirs)23 b([+)p Fg(n)h Fk(|)g(-)p Fg(n)p Fk(])g([-)p Fg(l)r Fk(])240 1005 y Fl(Displa)o(y)19 b(the)f(list)i(of)d(curren)o(tly)i(remem)o(b)q(ered)g(directories.)31 b(Directories)19 b(\014nd)g(their)g(w)o(a)o(y)e(on)o(to)240 1067 y(the)e(list)h(with)g(the)f Fk(pushd)f Fl(command;)h(y)o(ou)g(can)g(get) g(bac)o(k)g(up)h(through)f(the)g(list)h(with)f(the)h Fk(popd)240 1130 y Fl(command.)240 1231 y Fk(+)p Fg(n)191 b Fl(Displa)o(ys)20 b(the)g Fg(n)p Fl(th)f(directory)h(\(coun)o(ting)g(from)f(the)h(left)f(of)h (the)f(list)i(prin)o(ted)f(b)o(y)480 1293 y Fk(dirs)15 b Fl(when)g(in)o(v)o (ok)o(ed)h(without)f(options\),)g(starting)f(with)i(zero.)240 1394 y Fk(-)p Fg(n)191 b Fl(Displa)o(ys)18 b(the)f Fg(n)p Fl(th)g(directory)g (\(coun)o(ting)g(from)g(the)g(righ)o(t)g(of)f(the)h(list)h(prin)o(ted)g(b)o (y)480 1456 y Fk(dirs)d Fl(when)g(in)o(v)o(ok)o(ed)h(without)f(options\),)g (starting)f(with)i(zero.)240 1557 y Fk(-)p Fg(l)204 b Fl(Pro)q(duces)16 b(a)g(longer)g(listing;)i(the)e(default)g(listing)i(format)c(uses)i(a)g (tilde)h(to)f(denote)480 1619 y(the)f(home)g(directory)l(.)0 1720 y Fk(history)360 1790 y(history)23 b([)p Fg(n)p Fk(])h([)f([-w)h(-r)g (-a)f(-n])h([)p Fg(\014lename)s Fk(]])240 1871 y Fl(Displa)o(y)c(the)g (history)g(list)h(with)f(line)i(n)o(um)o(b)q(ers.)34 b(Lines)21 b(pre\014xed)g(with)f(with)g(a)g Fk(*)f Fl(ha)o(v)o(e)h(b)q(een)240 1934 y(mo)q(di\014ed.)25 b(An)17 b(argumen)o(t)f(of)g Fg(n)g Fl(sa)o(ys)g(to)g(list)h(only)g(the)g(last)f Fg(n)h Fl(lines.)25 b(Option)17 b Fk(-w)f Fl(means)h(write)240 1996 y(out)i(the)g(curren)o(t)g (history)g(to)f(the)i(history)f(\014le;)i Fk(-r)e Fl(means)g(to)g(read)g(the) g(curren)o(t)g(history)g(\014le)240 2058 y(and)e(mak)o(e)g(its)g(con)o(ten)o (ts)f(the)h(history)g(list.)26 b(An)18 b(argumen)o(t)e(of)g Fk(-a)h Fl(means)g(to)f(app)q(end)j(the)e(new)240 2120 y(history)f(lines)i (\(history)d(lines)j(en)o(tered)e(since)h(the)f(b)q(eginning)j(of)c(the)h (curren)o(t)g(Bash)g(session\))h(to)240 2183 y(the)g(history)f(\014le.)25 b(Finally)l(,)18 b(the)f Fk(-n)f Fl(argumen)o(t)g(means)h(to)f(read)g(the)h (history)f(lines)i(not)f(already)240 2245 y(read)i(from)g(the)g(history)g (\014le)h(in)o(to)f(the)h(curren)o(t)f(history)g(list.)33 b(These)19 b(are)g(lines)i(app)q(ended)g(to)240 2307 y(the)d(history)h(\014le)g(since)g (the)g(b)q(eginning)h(of)e(the)g(curren)o(t)h(Bash)f(session.)30 b(If)18 b Fg(\014lename)k Fl(is)d(giv)o(en,)240 2369 y(then)c(it)f(is)h(used) g(as)e(the)i(history)f(\014le,)h(else)g(if)g Fk($HISTFILE)e Fl(has)h(a)g(v)m(alue,)h(that)e(is)i(used,)g(otherwise)240 2432 y(`)p Fk(~/.bash_history)p Fl(')d(is)k(used.)0 2533 y Fk(logout)96 b Fl(Exit)15 b(a)g(login)h(shell.)0 2634 y Fk(source)96 b Fl(A)15 b(synon)o(ym)g(for)g Fk(.)g Fl(\(see)g(Section)h(1.4)e([Bourne)h (Shell)j(Builtins],)e(page)f(3\))p eop %%Page: 10 12 11 bop 0 -83 a Fl(10)1623 b(Bash)15 b(F)l(eatures)0 158 y Fj(2.4)33 b(C)14 b(Shell)j(V)-6 b(ariables)0 295 y Fk(IGNOREEOF)240 358 y Fl(If)12 b(this)h(v)m(ariable)g(is)g(set,)f(it)h(represen)o(ts)f(the)g(n)o (um)o(b)q(er)g(of)g(consecutiv)o(e)h Fk(EOF)p Fl(s)f(Bash)g(will)i(read)e(b)q (efore)240 420 y(exiting.)21 b(By)15 b(default,)h(Bash)f(will)i(exit)e(up)q (on)h(reading)g(a)f(single)h Fk(EOF)p Fl(.)0 495 y Fk(cdable_vars)240 557 y Fl(If)g(this)g(v)m(ariable)i(is)e(set,)g(Bash)g(treats)e(argumen)o(ts)h (to)h(the)g Fk(cd)f Fl(command)h(whic)o(h)h(are)e(not)h(direc-)240 619 y(tories)f(as)g(names)g(of)g(v)m(ariables)h(whose)f(v)m(alues)i(are)e (the)g(directories)h(to)f(c)o(hange)g(to.)p eop %%Page: 11 13 12 bop 0 -83 a Fl(Chapter)15 b(3:)k(Korn)d(Shell)h(St)o(yle)e(F)l(eatures) 1164 b(11)0 158 y Fh(3)41 b(Korn)15 b(Shell)f(St)n(yle)g(F)-7 b(eatures)62 348 y Fl(This)23 b(section)g(describ)q(es)h(features)e (primarily)h(inspired)h(b)o(y)f(the)f(Korn)g(Shell)j(\()p Fk(ksh)p Fl(\).)40 b(In)22 b(some)g(cases,)0 411 y(the)17 b(P)o(osix)f(1003.2)f (standard)h(has)h(adopted)g(these)f(commands)h(and)g(v)m(ariables)h(from)e (the)g(Korn)h(Shell;)i(Bash)0 473 y(implemen)o(ts)d(those)f(features)g(using) h(the)f(P)o(osix)h(standard)e(as)h(a)g(guide.)0 703 y Fj(3.1)33 b(Korn)15 b(Shell)i(Constructs)62 840 y Fl(Bash)h(includes)j(the)d(Korn)g (Shell)i Fk(select)d Fl(construct.)28 b(This)18 b(construct)g(allo)o(ws)g (the)g(easy)g(generation)g(of)0 903 y(men)o(us.)i(It)15 b(has)g(almost)g(the) g(same)g(syn)o(tax)g(as)g(the)g Fk(for)g Fl(command.)62 1040 y(The)h(syn)o(tax)e(of)h(the)g Fk(select)g Fl(command)g(is:)120 1165 y Fk(select)23 b Fg(name)k Fk([in)c Fg(w)o(ords)i Fk(...];)e(do)h Fg(commands)r Fk(;)f(done)62 1303 y Fl(The)13 b(list)g(of)g(w)o(ords)e(follo) o(wing)j Fk(in)e Fl(is)h(expanded,)h(generating)f(a)f(list)h(of)f(items.)20 b(The)13 b(set)f(of)g(expanded)i(w)o(ords)0 1365 y(is)19 b(prin)o(ted)g(on)g (the)f(standard)g(error,)g(eac)o(h)h(preceded)h(b)o(y)e(a)g(n)o(um)o(b)q(er.) 30 b(If)19 b(the)f(\\)p Fk(in)d Fg(w)o(ords)r Fl(")i(is)i(omitted,)g(the)0 1428 y(p)q(ositional)g(parameters)d(are)h(prin)o(ted.)26 b(The)18 b Fk(PS3)e Fl(prompt)h(is)h(then)f(displa)o(y)o(ed)i(and)e(a)g(line)i(is)e (read)g(from)g(the)0 1490 y(standard)h(input.)32 b(If)19 b(the)g(line)h (consists)f(of)g(the)g(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)g(corresp)q(onding)h(to)e(one)h(of)f (the)h(displa)o(y)o(ed)h(w)o(ords,)0 1552 y(then)13 b(the)g(v)m(alue)h(of)e Fg(name)k Fl(is)d(set)f(to)g(that)g(w)o(ord.)19 b(If)13 b(the)g(line)h(is)f (empt)o(y)l(,)g(the)g(w)o(ords)f(and)h(prompt)f(are)h(displa)o(y)o(ed)0 1614 y(again.)19 b(If)14 b Fk(EOF)g Fl(is)g(read,)f(the)h Fk(select)f Fl(command)h(completes.)20 b(An)o(y)14 b(other)f(v)m(alue)i(read)e(causes)h Fg(name)j Fl(to)c(b)q(e)h(set)0 1677 y(to)h(n)o(ull.)21 b(The)15 b(line)i(read)e(is)h(sa)o(v)o(ed)f(in)h(the)f(v)m(ariable)i Fk(REPLY)p Fl(.)62 1814 y(The)d Fg(commands)h Fl(are)f(executed)g(after)f (eac)o(h)g(selection)i(un)o(til)g(a)e Fk(break)g Fl(or)g Fk(return)g Fl(command)g(is)h(executed,)0 1877 y(at)h(whic)o(h)h(p)q(oin)o(t)f(the)h Fk(select)e Fl(command)h(completes.)0 2106 y Fj(3.2)33 b(Korn)15 b(Shell)i(Builtins)62 2244 y Fl(This)f(section)g(describ)q(es)h(Bash)e (builtin)i(commands)e(tak)o(en)g(from)g Fk(ksh)p Fl(.)0 2395 y Fk(fc)360 2458 y(fc)24 b([-e)f Fg(ename)s Fk(])h([-nlr])f([)p Fg(\014rst)q Fk(])g([)p Fg(last)q Fk(])360 2507 y(fc)h(-s)f([)p Fg(pat=rep)q Fk(])h([)p Fg(command)r Fk(])240 2583 y Fl(Fix)19 b(Command.)29 b(In)20 b(the)e(\014rst)h(form,)f(a)g(range)g(of)h(commands)f (from)g Fg(\014rst)h Fl(to)f Fg(last)i Fl(is)f(selected)240 2645 y(from)f(the)g(history)h(list.)30 b(Both)18 b Fg(\014rst)h Fl(and)g Fg(last)g Fl(ma)o(y)f(b)q(e)h(sp)q(eci\014ed)i(as)d(a)g(string)h (\(to)e(lo)q(cate)i(the)p eop %%Page: 12 14 13 bop 0 -83 a Fl(12)1623 b(Bash)15 b(F)l(eatures)240 158 y(most)h(recen)o(t) h(command)g(b)q(eginning)i(with)f(that)e(string\))h(or)f(as)h(a)g(n)o(um)o(b) q(er)g(\(an)g(index)h(in)o(to)f(the)240 221 y(history)g(list,)h(where)g(a)f (negativ)o(e)g(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)h(is)g(used)g(as)f(an)g(o\013set)f(from)h(the) g(curren)o(t)g(command)240 283 y(n)o(um)o(b)q(er\).)k(If)15 b Fg(last)i Fl(is)f(not)f(sp)q(eci\014ed)i(it)f(is)g(set)f(to)g Fg(\014rst)p Fl(.)21 b(If)15 b Fg(\014rst)h Fl(is)g(not)f(sp)q(eci\014ed)j (it)e(is)g(set)f(to)g(the)240 345 y(previous)f(command)g(for)e(editing)j(and) f(-16)f(for)g(listing.)20 b(If)14 b(the)g Fk(-l)f Fl(\015ag)g(is)h(giv)o(en,) g(the)f(commands)240 407 y(are)19 b(listed)i(on)e(standard)g(output.)32 b(The)19 b Fk(-n)g Fl(\015ag)g(suppresses)h(the)g(command)f(n)o(um)o(b)q(ers) g(when)240 470 y(listing.)31 b(The)18 b Fk(-r)g Fl(\015ag)h(rev)o(erses)f (the)g(order)g(of)g(the)h(listing.)30 b(Otherwise,)20 b(the)f(editor)f(giv)o (en)h(b)o(y)240 532 y Fg(ename)d Fl(is)d(in)o(v)o(ok)o(ed)h(on)f(a)g(\014le)h (con)o(taining)g(those)e(commands.)19 b(If)14 b Fg(ename)i Fl(is)d(not)g(giv)o(en,)h(the)f(v)m(alue)240 594 y(of)h(the)g(follo)o(wing)i (v)m(ariable)f(expansion)h(is)f(used:)20 b Fk(${FCEDIT:-${EDITOR:-vi}})o Fl(.)d(This)e(sa)o(ys)f(to)240 656 y(use)g(the)g(v)m(alue)g(of)f(the)h Fk(FCEDIT)f Fl(v)m(ariable)i(if)f(set,)f(or)g(the)h(v)m(alue)g(of)f(the)h Fk(EDITOR)f Fl(v)m(ariable)i(if)f(that)e(is)240 719 y(set,)i(or)g Fk(vi)h Fl(if)g(neither)h(is)f(set.)20 b(When)15 b(editing)h(is)f(complete,)g (the)g(edited)h(commands)f(are)f(ec)o(ho)q(ed)240 781 y(and)h(executed.)240 856 y(In)h(the)g(second)g(form,)f Fg(command)i Fl(is)f(re-executed)h(after)e (eac)o(h)h(instance)g(of)f Fg(pat)i Fl(in)f(the)g(selected)240 919 y(command)f(is)h(replaced)g(b)o(y)f Fg(rep)p Fl(.)240 994 y(A)20 b(useful)i(alias)f(to)e(use)i(with)f(the)h Fk(fc)f Fl(command)g(is)h Fk(r='fc)14 b(-s')p Fl(,)21 b(so)f(that)f(t)o(yping)i Fk(r)15 b(cc)20 b Fl(runs)240 1056 y(the)c(last)g(command)h(b)q(eginning)h(with)f Fk(cc)e Fl(and)i(t)o(yping)f Fk(r)g Fl(re-executes)h(the)g(last)f(command)g (\(see)240 1119 y(Section)g(3.4)e([Aliases],)h(page)h(13\).)0 1207 y Fk(let)168 b Fl(The)15 b Fk(let)f Fl(builtin)j(allo)o(ws)d(arithmetic) h(to)f(b)q(e)i(p)q(erformed)e(on)h(shell)h(v)m(ariables.)21 b(F)l(or)14 b(details,)h(refer)240 1270 y(to)g(Section)h(4.7.3)d([Arithmetic) j(Builtins],)h(page)e(26.)0 1358 y Fk(typeset)72 b Fl(The)17 b Fk(typeset)f Fl(command)h(is)h(supplied)h(for)d(compatibilit)o(y)j(with)e (the)g(Korn)g(shell;)i(ho)o(w)o(ev)o(er,)e(it)240 1420 y(has)j(b)q(een)i (made)f(obsolete)g(b)o(y)f(the)h Fk(declare)e Fl(command)i(\(see)f(Section)i (4.4)d([Bash)i(Builtins],)240 1483 y(page)15 b(17\).)0 1713 y Fj(3.3)33 b(Korn)15 b(Shell)i(V)-6 b(ariables)0 1864 y Fk(REPLY)120 b Fl(The)15 b(default)h(v)m(ariable)h(for)d(the)i Fk(read)e Fl(builtin.)0 1953 y Fk(RANDOM)96 b Fl(Eac)o(h)19 b(time)h(this)f(parameter)g (is)h(referenced,)h(a)e(random)f(in)o(teger)i(is)g(generated.)32 b(Assigning)20 b(a)240 2015 y(v)m(alue)c(to)f(this)h(v)m(ariable)g(seeds)g (the)f(random)g(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)g(generator.)0 2104 y Fk(SECONDS)72 b Fl(This)13 b(v)m(ariable)g(expands)g(to)e(the)h(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)g(of)g (seconds)h(since)g(the)f(shell)h(w)o(as)f(started.)18 b(Assignmen)o(t)240 2166 y(to)12 b(this)i(v)m(ariable)g(resets)e(the)h(coun)o(t)g(to)f(the)h(v)m (alue)i(assigned,)e(and)g(the)g(expanded)h(v)m(alue)g(b)q(ecomes)240 2228 y(the)h(v)m(alue)i(assigned)f(plus)g(the)f(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)h(of)e (seconds)i(since)g(the)g(assignmen)o(t.)0 2317 y Fk(PS3)168 b Fl(The)15 b(v)m(alue)i(of)e(this)g(v)m(ariable)i(is)f(used)f(as)g(the)g (prompt)g(for)g(the)g Fk(select)f Fl(command.)0 2406 y Fk(PS4)168 b Fl(This)18 b(is)f(the)g(prompt)g(prin)o(ted)h(b)q(efore)f(the)g(command)g (line)i(is)f(ec)o(ho)q(ed)g(when)f(the)g Fk(-x)g Fl(option)g(is)240 2468 y(set)e(\(see)g(Section)h(4.5)e([The)i(Set)f(Builtin],)h(page)g(20\).)0 2556 y Fk(PWD)168 b Fl(The)15 b(curren)o(t)h(w)o(orking)e(directory)i(as)f (set)g(b)o(y)g(the)g Fk(cd)g Fl(builtin.)0 2645 y Fk(OLDPWD)96 b Fl(The)15 b(previous)h(w)o(orking)f(directory)h(as)e(set)h(b)o(y)h(the)f Fk(cd)g Fl(builtin.)p eop %%Page: 13 15 14 bop 0 -83 a Fl(Chapter)15 b(3:)k(Korn)d(Shell)h(St)o(yle)e(F)l(eatures) 1164 b(13)0 158 y Fk(TMOUT)120 b Fl(If)14 b(set)g(to)g(a)g(v)m(alue)h (greater)e(than)h(zero,)g(the)g(v)m(alue)i(is)e(in)o(terpreted)h(as)f(the)g (n)o(um)o(b)q(er)g(of)g(seconds)h(to)240 221 y(w)o(ait)f(for)f(input)i(after) e(issuing)i(the)g(primary)f(prompt.)19 b(Bash)14 b(terminates)g(after)f(that) g(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)h(of)240 283 y(seconds)i(if)f(input)i(do)q(es)e(not)g (arriv)o(e.)0 503 y Fj(3.4)33 b(Aliases)62 640 y Fl(The)19 b(shell)i(main)o(tains)e(a)f(list)i(of)e Fg(aliases)k Fl(that)c(ma)o(y)g(b)q (e)h(set)g(and)g(unset)g(with)g(the)g Fk(alias)f Fl(and)h Fk(unalias)0 702 y Fl(builtin)e(commands.)62 839 y(The)i(\014rst)f(w)o(ord)f(of)h(eac)o(h) h(command,)f(if)h(unquoted,)g(is)g(c)o(hec)o(k)o(ed)g(to)f(see)g(if)h(it)g (has)f(an)g(alias.)30 b(If)18 b(so,)h(that)0 902 y(w)o(ord)12 b(is)i(replaced)g(b)o(y)f(the)g(text)f(of)h(the)g(alias.)20 b(The)13 b(alias)h(name)f(and)g(the)g(replacemen)o(t)g(text)g(ma)o(y)f(con)o (tain)h(an)o(y)0 964 y(v)m(alid)18 b(shell)h(input,)f(including)h(shell)g (metac)o(haracters,)c(with)i(the)g(exception)h(that)e(the)h(alias)g(name)g (ma)o(y)f(not)0 1026 y(con)o(tain)g Fk(=)p Fl(.)k(The)c(\014rst)f(w)o(ord)f (of)h(the)h(replacemen)o(t)g(text)f(is)h(tested)f(for)g(aliases,)h(but)g(a)f (w)o(ord)f(that)h(is)h(iden)o(tical)0 1088 y(to)g(an)h(alias)h(b)q(eing)g (expanded)g(is)g(not)e(expanded)i(a)f(second)h(time.)25 b(This)18 b(means)f(that)f(one)h(ma)o(y)f(alias)i Fk(ls)f Fl(to)0 1151 y Fk("ls)e(-F")p Fl(,)j(for)f(instance,)j(and)e(Bash)g(do)q(es)h(not)f(try)f (to)h(recursiv)o(ely)h(expand)g(the)f(replacemen)o(t)h(text.)28 b(If)19 b(the)0 1213 y(last)14 b(c)o(haracter)f(of)h(the)g(alias)h(v)m(alue)g (is)g(a)e(space)i(or)e(tab)h(c)o(haracter,)f(then)i(the)f(next)g(command)g(w) o(ord)f(follo)o(wing)0 1275 y(the)i(alias)h(is)g(also)f(c)o(hec)o(k)o(ed)h (for)e(alias)i(expansion.)62 1412 y(Aliases)i(are)f(created)g(and)g(listed)h (with)f(the)g Fk(alias)g Fl(command,)f(and)h(remo)o(v)o(ed)g(with)g(the)g Fk(unalias)f Fl(com-)0 1474 y(mand.)62 1611 y(There)i(is)h(no)f(mec)o(hanism) g(for)f(using)i(argumen)o(ts)e(in)i(the)f(replacemen)o(t)g(text,)g(as)f(in)i Fk(csh)p Fl(.)28 b(If)18 b(argumen)o(ts)0 1674 y(are)d(needed,)h(a)f(shell)i (function)f(should)g(b)q(e)g(used.)62 1811 y(Aliases)h(are)d(not)h(expanded)i (when)e(the)g(shell)i(is)f(not)f(in)o(teractiv)o(e.)62 1948 y(The)d(rules)g(concerning)g(the)g(de\014nition)h(and)e(use)h(of)f(aliases)h (are)e(somewhat)h(confusing.)19 b(Bash)12 b(alw)o(a)o(ys)e(reads)0 2010 y(at)k(least)h(one)g(complete)h(line)g(of)f(input)g(b)q(efore)h (executing)g(an)o(y)e(of)g(the)h(commands)g(on)g(that)f(line.)21 b(Aliases)16 b(are)0 2072 y(expanded)c(when)g(a)f(command)g(is)g(read,)h(not) f(when)g(it)h(is)f(executed.)20 b(Therefore,)11 b(an)g(alias)h(de\014nition)h (app)q(earing)0 2135 y(on)h(the)g(same)g(line)h(as)f(another)f(command)h(do)q (es)h(not)e(tak)o(e)g(e\013ect)h(un)o(til)h(the)f(next)g(line)i(of)d(input)i (is)g(read.)k(This)0 2197 y(means)f(that)f(the)h(commands)f(follo)o(wing)i (the)f(alias)g(de\014nition)i(on)d(that)g(line)j(are)d(not)h(a\013ected)f(b)o (y)h(the)g(new)0 2259 y(alias.)24 b(This)16 b(b)q(eha)o(vior)h(is)g(also)f (an)g(issue)h(when)g(functions)g(are)f(executed.)24 b(Aliases)17 b(are)f(expanded)h(when)g(the)0 2321 y(function)e(de\014nition)h(is)e(read,)g (not)f(when)i(the)f(function)g(is)h(executed,)g(b)q(ecause)f(a)g(function)h (de\014nition)h(is)e(itself)0 2384 y(a)g(comp)q(ound)g(command.)20 b(As)13 b(a)h(consequence,)h(aliases)g(de\014ned)g(in)g(a)e(function)i(are)f (not)f(a)o(v)m(ailable)j(un)o(til)f(after)0 2446 y(that)i(function)h(is)g (executed.)27 b(T)l(o)17 b(b)q(e)h(safe,)f(alw)o(a)o(ys)g(put)g(alias)h (de\014nitions)h(on)f(a)f(separate)f(line,)k(and)d(do)g(not)0 2508 y(use)f Fk(alias)e Fl(in)i(comp)q(ound)g(commands.)62 2645 y(Note)f(that)g(for)f(almost)h(ev)o(ery)g(purp)q(ose,)g(aliases)h(are)f (sup)q(erseded)i(b)o(y)e(shell)i(functions.)p eop %%Page: 14 16 15 bop 0 -83 a Fl(14)1623 b(Bash)15 b(F)l(eatures)0 158 y Ff(3.4.1)30 b(Alias)15 b(Builtins)0 308 y Fk(alias)360 370 y(alias)23 b([)p Fg(name)s Fk([=)p Fg(v)m(alue)s Fk(])h(...])240 445 y Fl(Without)16 b(argumen)o(ts,)e(prin)o(t)i(the)g(list)g(of)g(aliases)g(on)f(the)h(standard) f(output.)22 b(If)15 b(argumen)o(ts)g(are)240 507 y(supplied,)k(an)e(alias)g (is)g(de\014ned)h(for)e(eac)o(h)h Fg(name)i Fl(whose)d Fg(v)m(alue)21 b Fl(is)c(giv)o(en.)25 b(If)17 b(no)f Fg(v)m(alue)21 b Fl(is)c(giv)o(en,)240 569 y(the)e(name)g(and)h(v)m(alue)g(of)f(the)g(alias)h(is)g(prin)o(ted.)0 656 y Fk(unalias)360 719 y(unalias)23 b([-a])g([)p Fg(name)k Fk(...)c(])240 793 y Fl(Remo)o(v)o(e)15 b(eac)o(h)g Fg(name)j Fl(from)d(the)g(list)h(of)f(aliases.)20 b(If)c Fk(-a)f Fl(is)g(supplied,)i (all)g(aliases)e(are)g(remo)o(v)o(ed.)p eop %%Page: 15 17 16 bop 0 -83 a Fl(Chapter)15 b(4:)k(Bash)d(Sp)q(eci\014c)h(F)l(eatures)1226 b(15)0 158 y Fh(4)41 b(Bash)15 b(Sp)r(eci\014c)f(F)-7 b(eatures)62 344 y Fl(This)16 b(section)g(describ)q(es)h(the)e(features)g(unique)h(to)f (Bash.)0 568 y Fj(4.1)33 b(In)n(v)n(oking)17 b(Bash)62 705 y Fl(In)c(addition)h(to)e(the)h(single-c)o(haracter)g(shell)h(command-line)g (options)f(\(see)f(Section)i(4.5)d([The)i(Set)f(Builtin],)0 767 y(page)17 b(20\),)f(there)h(are)g(sev)o(eral)h(m)o(ulti-c)o(haracter)f (options)g(that)g(y)o(ou)f(can)i(use.)26 b(These)17 b(options)g(m)o(ust)g (app)q(ear)0 829 y(on)e(the)g(command)g(line)i(b)q(efore)f(the)f(single-c)o (haracter)h(options)f(to)g(b)q(e)h(recognized.)0 979 y Fk(-norc)120 b Fl(Don't)20 b(read)h(the)g(`)p Fk(~/.bashrc)p Fl(')e(initialization)24 b(\014le)e(in)g(an)f(in)o(teractiv)o(e)g(shell.)39 b(This)22 b(is)f(on)g(b)o(y)240 1041 y(default)16 b(if)f(the)h(shell)h(is)e(in)o(v)o (ok)o(ed)h(as)e Fk(sh)p Fl(.)0 1115 y Fk(-rcfile)g Fg(\014lename)240 1178 y Fl(Execute)i(commands)f(from)f Fg(\014lename)19 b Fl(\(instead)c(of)g (`)p Fk(~/.bashrc)p Fl('\))e(in)j(an)f(in)o(teractiv)o(e)h(shell.)0 1252 y Fk(-noprofile)240 1314 y Fl(Don't)k(load)h(the)h(system-wide)f (startup)g(\014le)h(`)p Fk(/etc/profile)p Fl(')c(or)j(an)o(y)g(of)f(the)i(p)q (ersonal)f(ini-)240 1377 y(tialization)g(\014les)g(`)p Fk(~/.bash_profile)p Fl(',)d(`)p Fk(~/.bash_login)p Fl(',)g(or)h(`)p Fk(~/.profile)p Fl(')f(when)i(bash)g(is)240 1439 y(in)o(v)o(ok)o(ed)15 b(as)g(a)g(login)h (shell.)0 1526 y Fk(-version)48 b Fl(Displa)o(y)16 b(the)f(v)o(ersion)g(n)o (um)o(b)q(er)h(of)f(this)g(shell.)0 1613 y Fk(-login)96 b Fl(Mak)o(e)13 b(this)h(shell)h(act)e(as)g(if)h(it)g(w)o(ere)g(directly)h(in)o(v)o(ok)o(ed)e (from)g(login.)20 b(This)15 b(is)f(equiv)m(alen)o(t)h(to)e(`)p Fk(exec)240 1675 y(-)i(bash)p Fl(')i(but)h(can)g(b)q(e)h(issued)g(from)f (another)f(shell,)j(suc)o(h)f(as)e Fk(csh)p Fl(.)28 b(If)18 b(y)o(ou)g(w)o(an)o(ted)g(to)f(replace)240 1737 y(y)o(our)e(curren)o(t)g (login)h(shell)h(with)e(a)g(Bash)g(login)h(shell,)h(y)o(ou)e(w)o(ould)g(sa)o (y)g(`)p Fk(exec)f(bash)h(-login)p Fl('.)0 1812 y Fk(-nobraceexpansion)240 1874 y Fl(Do)g(not)f(p)q(erform)h(curly)h(brace)g(expansion)g(\(see)f (Section)h(2.2)e([Brace)h(Expansion],)g(page)g(7\).)0 1948 y Fk(-nolineediting)240 2011 y Fl(Do)c(not)g(use)h(the)f(GNU)h(Readline)h (library)g(\(see)e(Chapter)g(7)g([Command)g(Line)i(Editing],)g(page)e(37\)) 240 2073 y(to)k(read)g(in)o(teractiv)o(e)g(command)g(lines.)0 2160 y Fk(-posix)96 b Fl(Change)14 b(the)g(b)q(eha)o(vior)g(of)f(Bash)h (where)g(the)g(default)g(op)q(eration)g(di\013ers)g(from)f(the)h(P)o(osix)g (1003.2)240 2222 y(standard)19 b(to)g(matc)o(h)g(the)h(standard.)32 b(This)20 b(is)g(in)o(tended)h(to)e(mak)o(e)g(Bash)h(b)q(eha)o(v)o(e)g(as)f (a)g(strict)240 2284 y(sup)q(erset)d(of)e(that)h(standard.)62 2434 y(There)20 b(are)f(sev)o(eral)g(single-c)o(haracter)h(options)g(y)o(ou)f (can)g(giv)o(e)h(whic)o(h)g(are)f(not)f(a)o(v)m(ailable)j(with)f(the)f Fk(set)0 2496 y Fl(builtin.)0 2645 y Fk(-c)c Fg(string)63 b Fl(Read)16 b(and)f(execute)h(commands)f(from)g Fg(string)k Fl(after)14 b(pro)q(cessing)i(the)f(options,)g(then)h(exit.)p eop %%Page: 16 18 17 bop 0 -83 a Fl(16)1623 b(Bash)15 b(F)l(eatures)0 158 y Fk(-i)192 b Fl(F)l(orce)15 b(the)g(shell)i(to)e(run)g(in)o(teractiv)o(ely)l(.)0 260 y Fk(-s)192 b Fl(If)11 b(this)h(\015ag)f(is)h(presen)o(t,)f(or)g(if)h(no) f(argumen)o(ts)f(remain)i(after)f(option)g(pro)q(cessing,)i(then)e(commands) 240 323 y(are)16 b(read)g(from)f(the)h(standard)g(input.)24 b(This)16 b(option)h(allo)o(ws)f(the)g(p)q(ositional)i(parameters)d(to)g(b)q (e)240 385 y(set)g(when)h(in)o(v)o(oking)f(an)h(in)o(teractiv)o(e)f(shell.)62 549 y(An)i Fg(in)o(teractiv)o(e)j Fl(shell)e(is)f(one)g(whose)f(input)i(and)f (output)f(are)g(b)q(oth)h(connected)h(to)e(terminals)h(\(as)f(deter-)0 611 y(mined)g(b)o(y)f Fk(isatty\(\))p Fl(\),)f(or)h(one)g(started)f(with)i (the)f Fk(-i)g Fl(option.)0 902 y Fj(4.2)33 b(Bash)14 b(Startup)j(Files)62 1046 y Fl(When)f(and)f(ho)o(w)g(Bash)g(executes)h(startup)e(\014les.)120 1178 y Fk(For)23 b(Login)h(shells)f(\(subject)f(to)i(the)f(-noprofile)g (option\):)215 1278 y(On)h(logging)f(in:)287 1328 y(If)h(`/etc/profile')e (exists,)g(then)i(source)f(it.)287 1427 y(If)h(`~/.bash_profile')d(exists,)i (then)g(source)g(it,)359 1477 y(else)g(if)h(`~/.bash_login')d(exists,)i(then) h(source)f(it,)430 1527 y(else)h(if)f(`~/.profile')f(exists,)h(then)h(source) f(it.)215 1627 y(On)h(logging)f(out:)287 1676 y(If)h(`~/.bash_logout')d (exists,)i(source)g(it.)120 1776 y(For)g(non-login)g(interactive)f(shells)h (\(subject)g(to)h(the)f(-norc)g(and)h(-rcfile)f(options\):)215 1826 y(On)h(starting)f(up:)287 1876 y(If)h(`~/.bashrc')e(exists,)h(then)g (source)g(it.)120 1975 y(For)g(non-interactive)f(shells:)215 2025 y(On)i(starting)f(up:)287 2075 y(If)h(the)f(environment)f(variable)h (ENV)h(is)f(non-null,)g(expand)g(the)287 2125 y(variable)g(and)g(source)g (the)h(file)f(named)g(by)h(the)f(value.)47 b(If)24 b(Bash)f(is)287 2175 y(not)g(started)g(in)h(Posix)f(mode,)g(it)h(looks)f(for)h(BASH_ENV)e (before)287 2224 y(ENV.)62 2369 y Fl(So,)15 b(t)o(ypically)l(,)h(y)o(our)f Fk(~/.bash_profile)e Fl(con)o(tains)j(the)f(line)120 2501 y Fk(if)24 b([)f(-f)h(~/.bashrc)f(];)g(then)g(source)g(~/.bashrc;)g(fi)0 2645 y Fl(after)14 b(\(or)h(b)q(efore\))g(an)o(y)g(login)h(sp)q(eci\014c)h (initializations.)p eop %%Page: 17 19 18 bop 0 -83 a Fl(Chapter)15 b(4:)k(Bash)d(Sp)q(eci\014c)h(F)l(eatures)1226 b(17)62 158 y(If)16 b(Bash)g(is)g(in)o(v)o(ok)o(ed)g(as)f Fk(sh)p Fl(,)g(it)g(tries)h(to)f(mimic)i(the)f(b)q(eha)o(vior)g(of)f Fk(sh)g Fl(as)g(closely)i(as)e(p)q(ossible.)23 b(F)l(or)15 b(a)g(login)0 221 y(shell,)g(it)e(attempts)f(to)g(source)i(only)f(`)p Fk(/etc/profile)p Fl(')e(and)i(`)p Fk(~/.profile)p Fl(',)e(in)j(that)e (order.)19 b(The)13 b Fk(-noprofile)0 283 y Fl(option)h(ma)o(y)g(still)h(b)q (e)g(used)g(to)f(disable)h(this)g(b)q(eha)o(vior.)20 b(A)14 b(shell)i(in)o(v)o(ok)o(ed)e(as)g Fk(sh)g Fl(do)q(es)g(not)g(attempt)f(to)h (source)0 345 y(an)o(y)h(other)g(startup)f(\014les.)62 482 y(When)h(Bash)g(is)g(started)f(in)h Fg(POSIX)21 b Fl(mo)q(de,)14 b(as)g(with)h(the)g Fk(-posix)f Fl(command)g(line)j(option,)d(it)h(follo)o (ws)g(the)0 545 y(P)o(osix)j(1003.2)e(standard)h(for)h(startup)f(\014les.)29 b(In)18 b(this)g(mo)q(de,)h(the)f Fk(ENV)f Fl(v)m(ariable)i(is)g(expanded)g (and)f(that)f(\014le)0 607 y(sourced;)e(no)g(other)g(startup)g(\014les)h(are) f(read.)0 834 y Fj(4.3)33 b(Is)14 b(This)i(Shell)h(In)n(teractiv)n(e?)62 971 y Fl(Y)l(ou)c(ma)o(y)f(wish)h(to)f(determine)i(within)g(a)e(startup)g (script)h(whether)g(Bash)g(is)g(running)h(in)o(teractiv)o(ely)g(or)e(not.)0 1033 y(T)l(o)17 b(do)g(this,)h(examine)g(the)g(v)m(ariable)g Fk($PS1)p Fl(;)g(it)f(is)h(unset)g(in)g(non-in)o(teractiv)o(e)g(shells,)h (and)e(set)g(in)i(in)o(teractiv)o(e)0 1095 y(shells.)i(Th)o(us:)120 1220 y Fk(if)j([)f(-z)h("$PS1")f(];)h(then)120 1270 y(echo)f(This)h(shell)f (is)g(not)h(interactive)120 1320 y(else)120 1370 y(echo)f(This)h(shell)f(is)g (interactive)120 1420 y(fi)62 1557 y Fl(Y)l(ou)16 b(can)f(ask)f(an)h(in)o (teractiv)o(e)h(Bash)f(to)f(not)h(run)g(y)o(our)g(`)p Fk(~/.bashrc)p Fl(')e(\014le)j(with)g(the)f Fk(-norc)f Fl(\015ag.)20 b(Y)l(ou)15 b(can)0 1619 y(c)o(hange)j(the)f(name)h(of)f(the)h(`)p Fk(~/.bashrc)p Fl(')d(\014le)k(to)e(an)o(y)g(other)g(\014le)i(name)e(with)h Fk(-rcfile)c Fg(\014lename)s Fl(.)28 b(Y)l(ou)18 b(can)0 1681 y(ask)d(Bash)g(to)g(not)f(run)i(y)o(our)f(`)p Fk(~/.bash_profile)p Fl(')d(\014le)k(with)g(the)f Fk(-noprofile)f Fl(\015ag.)0 1908 y Fj(4.4)33 b(Bash)14 b(Builtin)k(Commands)62 2045 y Fl(This)e(section)g (describ)q(es)h(builtin)g(commands)e(whic)o(h)h(are)f(unique)i(to)d(or)h(ha)o (v)o(e)g(b)q(een)h(extended)g(in)g(Bash.)0 2195 y Fk(builtin)360 2258 y(builtin)23 b([)p Fg(shell-builti)q(n)k Fk([)p Fg(args)r Fk(]])240 2333 y Fl(Run)20 b(a)f(shell)h(builtin.)34 b(This)20 b(is)g(useful)g(when)f(y)o(ou)g(wish)h(to)e(rename)h(a)g(shell)i(builtin)g (to)e(b)q(e)g(a)240 2395 y(function,)d(but)f(need)h(the)f(functionalit)o(y)i (of)e(the)g(builtin)i(within)g(the)e(function)h(itself.)0 2483 y Fk(bind)360 2545 y(bind)23 b([-m)h Fg(k)o(eymap)q Fk(])g([-lvd])f([-q)g Fg(name)s Fk(])360 2595 y(bind)g([-m)h Fg(k)o(eymap)q Fk(])g(-f)f Fg(\014lename)360 2645 y Fk(bind)g([-m)h Fg(k)o(eymap)q Fk(])g Fg(k)o(eyseq:function-name)p eop %%Page: 18 20 19 bop 0 -83 a Fl(18)1623 b(Bash)15 b(F)l(eatures)240 158 y(Displa)o(y)k (curren)o(t)e(Readline)k(\(see)c(Chapter)h(7)g([Command)f(Line)i(Editing],)g (page)f(37\))f(k)o(ey)h(and)240 221 y(function)24 b(bindings,)j(or)c(bind)h (a)f(k)o(ey)g(sequence)i(to)d(a)h(Readline)j(function)e(or)e(macro.)44 b(The)240 283 y(binding)25 b(syn)o(tax)d(accepted)i(is)g(iden)o(tical)h(to)d (that)h(of)f(`)p Fk(.inputrc)p Fl(')f(\(see)i(Section)h(7.3)f([Read-)240 345 y(line)f(Init)g(File],)h(page)d(40\),)h(but)g(eac)o(h)g(binding)i(m)o (ust)d(b)q(e)i(passed)f(as)f(a)h(separate)f(argumen)o(t:)240 407 y(`)p Fk("\\C-x\\C-r":re-read-init)o(-file)p Fl(')o(.)d(Options,)e(if)f (supplied,)i(ha)o(v)o(e)e(the)g(follo)o(wing)h(meanings:)240 493 y Fk(-m)g(keymap)33 b Fl(Use)14 b Fg(k)o(eymap)h Fl(as)e(the)h(k)o(eymap) f(to)g(b)q(e)h(a\013ected)g(b)o(y)f(the)h(subsequen)o(t)g(bindings.)22 b(Ac-)480 555 y(ceptable)14 b Fg(k)o(eymap)h Fl(names)e(are)g Fk(emacs)p Fl(,)g Fk(emacs-standard)p Fl(,)e Fk(emacs-meta)p Fl(,)h Fk(emacs-)480 618 y(ctlx)p Fl(,)k Fk(vi)p Fl(,)h Fk(vi-move)p Fl(,)f Fk(vi-command)p Fl(,)g(and)h Fk(vi-insert)p Fl(.)23 b Fk(vi)17 b Fl(is)g(equiv)m(alen)o(t)i(to)d Fk(vi-)480 680 y(command)p Fl(;)e Fk(emacs)g Fl(is)i(equiv)m(alen)o(t)h(to)d Fk(emacs-standard)p Fl(.)240 766 y Fk(-l)192 b Fl(List)16 b(the)f(names)g(of) g(all)h(readline)h(functions)240 852 y Fk(-v)192 b Fl(List)16 b(curren)o(t)f(function)h(names)f(and)g(bindings)240 937 y Fk(-d)192 b Fl(Dump)13 b(function)h(names)f(and)h(bindings)h(in)f(suc)o(h)f (a)g(w)o(a)o(y)f(that)h(they)g(can)g(b)q(e)h(re-read)240 1011 y Fk(-f)h(filename)480 1074 y Fl(Read)h(k)o(ey)f(bindings)i(from)d Fg(\014lename)240 1160 y Fk(-q)192 b Fl(Query)16 b(ab)q(out)f(whic)o(h)h(k)o (eys)f(in)o(v)o(ok)o(e)g(the)g(named)h Fg(function)0 1245 y Fk(command)360 1307 y(command)23 b([-pVv])g Fg(command)j Fk([)p Fg(args)e Fk(...])240 1381 y Fl(Runs)18 b Fg(command)i Fl(with)d Fg(arg)k Fl(ignoring)d(shell)h(functions.)28 b(If)18 b(y)o(ou)f(ha)o(v)o(e)g (a)g(shell)i(function)f(called)240 1443 y Fk(ls)p Fl(,)f(and)h(y)o(ou)f(wish) h(to)f(call)h(the)g(command)f Fk(ls)p Fl(,)g(y)o(ou)g(can)h(sa)o(y)e(`)p Fk(command)e(ls)p Fl('.)26 b(The)18 b Fk(-p)f Fl(option)240 1506 y(means)g(to)g(use)g(a)g(default)h(v)m(alue)g(for)f Fk($PATH)g Fl(that)f(is)i(guaran)o(teed)f(to)f(\014nd)i(all)g(of)f(the)g(standard)240 1568 y(utilities.)240 1642 y(If)i(either)h(the)f Fk(-V)g Fl(or)f Fk(-v)h Fl(option)g(is)h(supplied,)i(a)c(description)j(of)d Fg(command)j Fl(is)f(prin)o(ted.)32 b(The)240 1704 y Fk(-v)19 b Fl(option)h(causes)f(a)g(single)i(w)o(ord)d(indicating)j(the)f(command)f (or)g(\014le)h(name)f(used)h(to)f(in)o(v)o(ok)o(e)240 1766 y Fg(command)e Fl(to)d(b)q(e)i(prin)o(ted;)g(the)f Fk(-V)g Fl(option)g(pro)q(duces)h(a)f(more)g(v)o(erb)q(ose)g(description.)0 1852 y Fk(declare)360 1914 y(declare)23 b([-frxi])g([)p Fg(name)s Fk([=)p Fg(v)m(alue)s Fk(]])240 1988 y Fl(Declare)15 b(v)m(ariables)h(and/or) d(giv)o(e)i(them)f(attributes.)20 b(If)15 b(no)f Fg(name)s Fl(s)g(are)g(giv)o(en,)h(then)f(displa)o(y)i(the)240 2050 y(v)m(alues)k(of)f (v)m(ariables)i(instead.)33 b Fk(-f)19 b Fl(means)g(to)g(use)h(function)g (names)f(only)l(.)33 b Fk(-r)19 b Fl(sa)o(ys)g(to)f(mak)o(e)240 2112 y Fg(name)s Fl(s)d(readonly)l(.)22 b Fk(-x)15 b Fl(sa)o(ys)g(to)g(mark)g Fg(name)s Fl(s)g(for)g(exp)q(ort.)21 b Fk(-i)16 b Fl(sa)o(ys)f(that)f(the)i (v)m(ariable)h(is)f(to)f(b)q(e)240 2175 y(treated)c(as)h(an)f(in)o(teger;)i (arithmetic)f(ev)m(aluation)h(\(see)f(Section)h(4.7)d([Shell)k(Arithmetic],)e (page)g(24\))240 2237 y(is)17 b(p)q(erformed)f(when)h(the)g(v)m(ariable)g(is) g(assigned)g(a)f(v)m(alue.)24 b(Using)17 b Fk(+)f Fl(instead)h(of)f Fk(-)g Fl(turns)g(o\013)g(the)240 2299 y(attribute)h(instead.)24 b(When)17 b(used)h(in)f(a)f(function,)i Fk(declare)e Fl(mak)o(es)g Fg(name)s Fl(s)g(lo)q(cal,)i(as)e(with)h(the)240 2361 y Fk(local)d Fl(command.)0 2447 y Fk(enable)360 2509 y(enable)23 b([-n])g([-a])h([)p Fg(name)i Fk(...])240 2583 y Fl(Enable)19 b(and)f(disable)h(builtin)i(shell)e (commands.)28 b(This)19 b(allo)o(ws)f(y)o(ou)f(to)h(use)g(a)f(disk)i(command) 240 2645 y(whic)o(h)d(has)f(the)g(same)f(name)h(as)g(a)f(shell)j(builtin.)22 b(If)15 b Fk(-n)g Fl(is)g(used,)g(the)g Fg(name)s Fl(s)g(b)q(ecome)h (disabled.)p eop %%Page: 19 21 20 bop 0 -83 a Fl(Chapter)15 b(4:)k(Bash)d(Sp)q(eci\014c)h(F)l(eatures)1226 b(19)240 158 y(Otherwise)18 b Fg(name)s Fl(s)f(are)g(enabled.)28 b(F)l(or)17 b(example,)h(to)f(use)h(the)f Fk(test)g Fl(binary)h(found)g(via)g Fk($PATH)240 221 y Fl(instead)c(of)f(the)g(shell)i(builtin)g(v)o(ersion,)e(t) o(yp)q(e)h(`)p Fk(enable)g(-n)h(test)p Fl('.)j(The)13 b Fk(-a)g Fl(option)g(means)h(to)e(list)240 283 y(eac)o(h)j(builtin)j(with)d(an)g (indication)j(of)c(whether)i(or)e(not)h(it)h(is)f(enabled.)0 371 y Fk(help)360 434 y(help)23 b([)p Fg(pattern)p Fk(])240 510 y Fl(Displa)o(y)13 b(helpful)i(information)e(ab)q(out)f(builtin)j (commands.)k(If)13 b Fg(pattern)f Fl(is)i(sp)q(eci\014ed,)h Fk(help)d Fl(giv)o(es)240 572 y(detailed)22 b(help)g(on)f(all)h(commands)f (matc)o(hing)f Fg(pattern)p Fl(,)i(otherwise)f(a)f(list)i(of)f(the)f (builtins)j(is)240 634 y(prin)o(ted.)0 723 y Fk(local)360 786 y(local)g Fg(name)s Fk([=)p Fg(v)m(alue)s Fk(])240 861 y Fl(F)l(or)10 b(eac)o(h)g(argumen)o(t,)g(create)h(a)f(lo)q(cal)h(v)m(ariable)h(called)g Fg(name)p Fl(,)f(and)f(giv)o(e)h(it)g Fg(v)m(alue)p Fl(.)19 b Fk(local)10 b Fl(can)g(only)240 923 y(b)q(e)18 b(used)f(within)i(a)d (function;)j(it)e(mak)o(es)f(the)i(v)m(ariable)g Fg(name)i Fl(ha)o(v)o(e)c(a)h(visible)i(scop)q(e)f(restricted)240 986 y(to)d(that)f(function)i(and)f(its)h(c)o(hildren.)0 1074 y Fk(type)360 1137 y(type)23 b([-all])g([-type)g(|)h(-path])f([)p Fg(name)k Fk(...])240 1212 y Fl(F)l(or)15 b(eac)o(h)g Fg(name)p Fl(,)g(indicate)h(ho)o(w)f(it)h(w)o(ould)f(b)q(e)h(in)o(terpreted)g(if)f (used)h(as)f(a)g(command)g(name.)240 1288 y(If)e(the)g Fk(-type)g Fl(\015ag)f(is)i(used,)f Fk(type)g Fl(returns)g(a)f(single)j(w)o(ord)d(whic)o (h)i(is)f(one)g(of)g(\\alias",)g(\\function",)240 1350 y(\\builtin",)i (\\\014le")f(or)g(\\k)o(eyw)o(ord",)e(if)i Fg(name)i Fl(is)e(an)g(alias,)g (shell)h(function,)g(shell)g(builtin,)h(disk)e(\014le,)240 1412 y(or)h(shell)h(reserv)o(ed)g(w)o(ord,)e(resp)q(ectiv)o(ely)l(.)240 1488 y(If)j(the)g Fk(-path)g Fl(\015ag)f(is)i(used,)g Fk(type)e Fl(either)i(returns)f(the)g(name)g(of)g(the)g(disk)g(\014le)i(that)d(w)o (ould)h(b)q(e)240 1550 y(executed,)f(or)e(nothing)i(if)g Fk(-type)e Fl(w)o(ould)i(not)f(return)g(\\\014le".)240 1625 y(If)f(the)g Fk(-all)g Fl(\015ag)f(is)i(used,)f(returns)g(all)h(of)f(the)g(places)g(that)g (con)o(tain)g(an)g(executable)h(named)f Fg(\014le)p Fl(.)240 1687 y(This)i(includes)h(aliases)f(and)g(functions,)f(if)h(and)f(only)h(if)g (the)f Fk(-path)f Fl(\015ag)h(is)h(not)f(also)g(used.)240 1763 y Fk(Type)g Fl(accepts)g Fk(-a)p Fl(,)f Fk(-t)p Fl(,)h(and)g Fk(-p)g Fl(as)g(equiv)m(alen)o(t)i(to)d Fk(-all)p Fl(,)h Fk(-type)p Fl(,)f(and)h Fk(-path)p Fl(,)f(resp)q(ectiv)o(ely)l(.)0 1851 y Fk(ulimit)360 1914 y(ulimit)23 b([-acdmstfpnuvSH])f([)p Fg(limit)q Fk(])240 1990 y(Ulimit)15 b Fl(pro)o(vides)i(con)o(trol)f(o)o(v)o(er)f(the)i (resources)f(a)o(v)m(ailable)i(to)d(pro)q(cesses)i(started)e(b)o(y)h(the)h (shell,)240 2052 y(on)e(systems)g(that)f(allo)o(w)i(suc)o(h)f(con)o(trol.)20 b(If)15 b(an)g(option)h(is)g(giv)o(en,)f(it)g(is)h(in)o(terpreted)g(as)f (follo)o(ws:)240 2140 y Fk(-S)192 b Fl(c)o(hange)16 b(and)g(rep)q(ort)g(the)g (soft)f(limit)i(asso)q(ciated)f(with)h(a)e(resource)h(\(the)g(default)g(if) 480 2203 y(the)f Fk(-H)g Fl(option)h(is)f(not)g(giv)o(en\).)240 2291 y Fk(-H)192 b Fl(c)o(hange)15 b(and)h(rep)q(ort)f(the)g(hard)g(limit)i (asso)q(ciated)e(with)h(a)e(resource.)240 2380 y Fk(-a)192 b Fl(all)16 b(curren)o(t)f(limits)i(are)e(rep)q(orted.)240 2468 y Fk(-c)192 b Fl(the)15 b(maxim)o(um)g(size)i(of)d(core)h(\014les)i (created.)240 2557 y Fk(-d)192 b Fl(the)15 b(maxim)o(um)g(size)i(of)d(a)h (pro)q(cess's)g(data)g(segmen)o(t.)240 2645 y Fk(-m)192 b Fl(the)15 b(maxim)o(um)g(residen)o(t)h(set)f(size.)p eop %%Page: 20 22 21 bop 0 -83 a Fl(20)1623 b(Bash)15 b(F)l(eatures)240 158 y Fk(-s)192 b Fl(the)15 b(maxim)o(um)g(stac)o(k)g(size.)240 243 y Fk(-t)192 b Fl(the)15 b(maxim)o(um)g(amoun)o(t)g(of)g(cpu)g(time)h(in)g (seconds.)240 328 y Fk(-f)192 b Fl(the)15 b(maxim)o(um)g(size)i(of)d(\014les) i(created)g(b)o(y)f(the)g(shell.)240 413 y Fk(-p)192 b Fl(the)15 b(pip)q(e)i(bu\013er)e(size.)240 498 y Fk(-n)192 b Fl(the)15 b(maxim)o(um)g(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)h(of)f(op)q(en)h(\014le)g(descriptors.)240 583 y Fk(-u)192 b Fl(the)15 b(maxim)o(um)g(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)h(of)f(pro)q (cesses)g(a)o(v)m(ailable)i(to)e(a)g(single)h(user.)240 668 y Fk(-v)192 b Fl(the)15 b(maxim)o(um)g(amoun)o(t)g(of)g(virtual)g(memory)g(a) o(v)m(ailable)i(to)d(the)i(pro)q(cess.)240 753 y(If)i Fg(limit)i Fl(is)e(giv)o(en,)g(it)g(is)g(the)f(new)h(v)m(alue)h(of)e(the)g(sp)q (eci\014ed)j(resource.)27 b(Otherwise,)18 b(the)g(curren)o(t)240 816 y(v)m(alue)h(of)d(the)i(sp)q(eci\014ed)h(resource)f(is)f(prin)o(ted.)27 b(If)18 b(no)f(option)h(is)g(giv)o(en,)f(then)h(`)p Fk(-f)p Fl(')e(is)i(assumed.)240 878 y(V)l(alues)f(are)e(in)i(1024-b)o(yte)d (incremen)o(ts,)i(except)h(for)e(`)p Fk(-t)p Fl(',)f(whic)o(h)j(is)f(in)h (seconds,)e(`)p Fk(-p)p Fl(',)g(whic)o(h)h(is)240 940 y(in)g(units)g(of)f (512-b)o(yte)f(blo)q(c)o(ks,)i(and)f(`)p Fk(-n)p Fl(')f(and)h(`)p Fk(-u)p Fl(',)f(whic)o(h)i(are)f(unscaled)i(v)m(alues.)0 1160 y Fj(4.5)33 b(The)15 b(Set)g(Builtin)62 1297 y Fl(This)h(builtin)i(is)d(so)g (o)o(v)o(erloaded)g(that)g(it)g(deserv)o(es)h(its)f(o)o(wn)g(section.)0 1445 y Fk(set)360 1506 y(set)23 b([-abefhkmnptuvxldCHP])e([-o)j Fg(option)p Fk(])g([)p Fg(argumen)o(t)g Fk(...])240 1591 y(-a)192 b Fl(Mark)14 b(v)m(ariables)j(whic)o(h)f(are)f(mo)q(di\014ed)h(or)f(created)g (for)g(exp)q(ort.)240 1676 y Fk(-b)192 b Fl(Cause)19 b(the)g(status)f(of)g (terminated)h(bac)o(kground)g(jobs)g(to)f(b)q(e)h(rep)q(orted)g(immedi-)480 1739 y(ately)l(,)c(rather)g(than)g(b)q(efore)g(prin)o(ting)h(the)g(next)f (primary)g(prompt.)240 1824 y Fk(-e)192 b Fl(Exit)15 b(immediately)i(if)f(a)f (command)g(exits)g(with)h(a)f(non-zero)g(status.)240 1909 y Fk(-f)192 b Fl(Disable)16 b(\014le)g(name)g(generation)f(\(globbing\).)240 1994 y Fk(-h)192 b Fl(Lo)q(cate)19 b(and)h(remem)o(b)q(er)f(\(hash\))f (commands)h(as)g(functions)h(are)e(de\014ned,)k(rather)480 2056 y(than)15 b(when)h(the)f(function)h(is)g(executed.)240 2141 y Fk(-k)192 b Fl(All)16 b(k)o(eyw)o(ord)d(argumen)o(ts)h(are)g(placed)i (in)f(the)g(en)o(vironmen)o(t)f(for)g(a)g(command,)g(not)480 2203 y(just)h(those)g(that)f(precede)j(the)e(command)g(name.)240 2288 y Fk(-m)192 b Fl(Job)15 b(con)o(trol)g(is)h(enabled)h(\(see)e(Chapter)g (5)g([Job)g(Con)o(trol],)f(page)h(29\).)240 2373 y Fk(-n)192 b Fl(Read)16 b(commands)f(but)g(do)g(not)g(execute)h(them.)240 2447 y Fk(-o)f Fg(option-name)480 2509 y Fl(Set)g(the)h(\015ag)e(corresp)q (onding)j(to)d Fg(option-name)s Fl(:)480 2583 y Fk(allexport)720 2645 y Fl(same)h(as)g Fk(-a)p Fl(.)p eop %%Page: 21 23 22 bop 0 -83 a Fl(Chapter)15 b(4:)k(Bash)d(Sp)q(eci\014c)h(F)l(eatures)1226 b(21)480 158 y Fk(braceexpand)720 221 y Fl(the)16 b(shell)i(will)g(p)q (erform)e(brace)g(expansion)h(\(see)f(Section)h(2.2)e([Brace)720 283 y(Expansion],)g(page)g(7\).)480 371 y Fk(emacs)120 b Fl(use)15 b(an)g(emacs-st)o(yle)h(line)g(editing)h(in)o(terface)e(\(see)g(Chapter)g(7)g ([Com-)720 434 y(mand)g(Line)i(Editing],)e(page)g(37\).)480 522 y Fk(errexit)72 b Fl(same)15 b(as)g Fk(-e)p Fl(.)480 597 y Fk(histexpand)720 660 y Fl(same)g(as)g Fk(-H)p Fl(.)480 735 y Fk(ignoreeof)720 797 y Fl(the)g(shell)i(will)g(not)e(exit)g(up)q(on)h (reading)g(EOF.)480 873 y Fk(interactive-comments)720 935 y Fl(allo)o(w)h(a)g(w)o(ord)g(b)q(eginning)i(with)f(a)e(`)p Fk(#)p Fl(')h(to)f(cause)i(that)e(w)o(ord)h(and)g(all)720 997 y(remaining)11 b(c)o(haracters)f(on)g(that)f(line)j(to)e(b)q(e)h(ignored)f(in)h(an)g(in)o (teractiv)o(e)720 1059 y(shell.)480 1148 y Fk(monitor)72 b Fl(same)15 b(as)g Fk(-m)p Fl(.)480 1223 y Fk(noclobber)720 1285 y Fl(same)g(as)g Fk(-C)p Fl(.)480 1374 y Fk(noexec)96 b Fl(same)15 b(as)g Fk(-n)p Fl(.)480 1462 y Fk(noglob)96 b Fl(same)15 b(as)g Fk(-f)p Fl(.)480 1551 y Fk(nohash)96 b Fl(same)15 b(as)g Fk(-d)p Fl(.)480 1639 y Fk(notify)96 b Fl(same)15 b(as)g Fk(-b)p Fl(.)480 1728 y Fk(nounset)72 b Fl(same)15 b(as)g Fk(-u)p Fl(.)480 1816 y Fk(physical)48 b Fl(same)15 b(as)g Fk(-P)p Fl(.)480 1905 y Fk(posix)120 b Fl(c)o(hange)11 b(the)h(b)q(eha)o(vior)f(of)g (Bash)h(where)f(the)g(default)h(op)q(eration)g(di\013ers)720 1967 y(from)17 b(the)g(P)o(osix)g(1003.2)f(standard)h(to)f(matc)o(h)h(the)h (standard.)25 b(This)720 2029 y(is)19 b(in)o(tended)g(to)f(mak)o(e)g(Bash)g (b)q(eha)o(v)o(e)g(as)g(a)g(strict)g(sup)q(erset)h(of)f(that)720 2091 y(standard.)480 2167 y Fk(privileged)720 2229 y Fl(same)d(as)g Fk(-p)p Fl(.)480 2317 y Fk(verbose)72 b Fl(same)15 b(as)g Fk(-v)p Fl(.)480 2406 y Fk(vi)192 b Fl(use)16 b(a)e Fk(vi)p Fl(-st)o(yle)i(line)g (editing)h(in)o(terface.)480 2494 y Fk(xtrace)96 b Fl(same)15 b(as)g Fk(-x)p Fl(.)240 2583 y Fk(-p)192 b Fl(T)l(urn)14 b(on)g(privileged)j (mo)q(de.)j(In)14 b(this)h(mo)q(de,)f(the)g Fk($ENV)g Fl(\014le)h(is)f(not)g (pro)q(cessed,)h(and)480 2645 y(shell)21 b(functions)g(are)f(not)f(inherited) j(from)d(the)h(en)o(vironmen)o(t.)34 b(This)20 b(is)g(enabled)p eop %%Page: 22 24 23 bop 0 -83 a Fl(22)1623 b(Bash)15 b(F)l(eatures)480 158 y(automatically)g (on)f(startup)f(if)i(the)f(e\013ectiv)o(e)g(user)h(\(group\))e(id)i(is)g(not) e(equal)i(to)f(the)480 221 y(real)j(user)g(\(group\))e(id.)25 b(T)l(urning)18 b(this)f(option)g(o\013)f(causes)g(the)h(e\013ectiv)o(e)g (user)g(and)480 283 y(group)e(ids)h(to)e(b)q(e)i(set)f(to)g(the)g(real)h (user)f(and)g(group)g(ids.)240 371 y Fk(-t)192 b Fl(Exit)15 b(after)g(reading)h(and)f(executing)h(one)g(command.)240 460 y Fk(-u)192 b Fl(T)l(reat)15 b(unset)g(v)m(ariables)i(as)d(an)i(error)e(when) i(substituting.)240 548 y Fk(-v)192 b Fl(Prin)o(t)15 b(shell)i(input)f(lines) h(as)e(they)g(are)g(read.)240 637 y Fk(-x)192 b Fl(Prin)o(t)15 b(commands)g(and)h(their)f(argumen)o(ts)g(as)f(they)i(are)f(executed.)240 725 y Fk(-l)192 b Fl(Sa)o(v)o(e)15 b(and)g(restore)g(the)g(binding)i(of)e (the)g Fg(name)j Fl(in)e(a)f Fk(for)g Fl(command.)240 813 y Fk(-d)192 b Fl(Disable)18 b(the)f(hashing)h(of)f(commands)f(that)h(are)f(lo)q (ok)o(ed)i(up)f(for)g(execution.)26 b(Nor-)480 876 y(mally)l(,)15 b(commands)g(are)f(remem)o(b)q(ered)h(in)h(a)e(hash)h(table,)f(and)h(once)g (found,)g(do)f(not)480 938 y(ha)o(v)o(e)h(to)f(b)q(e)i(lo)q(ok)o(ed)g(up)g (again.)240 1026 y Fk(-C)192 b Fl(Disallo)o(w)16 b(output)f(redirection)h(to) f(existing)h(\014les.)240 1115 y Fk(-H)192 b Fl(Enable)16 b(!)k(st)o(yle)15 b(history)g(substitution.)21 b(This)16 b(\015ag)f(is)h(on)f(b)o(y)g(default.) 240 1203 y Fk(-P)192 b Fl(If)14 b(set,)g(do)g(not)g(follo)o(w)g(sym)o(b)q (olic)h(links)h(when)f(p)q(erforming)f(commands)g(suc)o(h)h(as)e Fk(cd)480 1265 y Fl(whic)o(h)h(c)o(hange)f(the)g(curren)o(t)g(directory)l(.) 20 b(The)13 b(ph)o(ysical)i(directory)e(is)h(used)g(instead.)240 1354 y Fk(--)192 b Fl(If)16 b(no)f(argumen)o(ts)f(follo)o(w)i(this)f(\015ag,) g(then)h(the)f(p)q(ositional)i(parameters)d(are)h(unset.)480 1416 y(Otherwise,)e(the)e(p)q(ositional)i(parameters)e(are)g(set)h(to)f(the)g Fg(argumen)o(ts)p Fl(,)g(ev)o(en)h(if)g(some)480 1478 y(of)j(them)g(b)q(egin) h(with)g(a)f Fk(-)p Fl(.)240 1567 y Fk(-)216 b Fl(Signal)15 b(the)g(end)f(of)g(options,)g(cause)h(all)g(remaining)g Fg(argumen)o(ts)g Fl(to)f(b)q(e)h(assigned)g(to)480 1629 y(the)h(p)q(ositional)h(parameters.)22 b(The)16 b Fk(-x)f Fl(and)i Fk(-v)e Fl(options)h(are)g(turned)g(o\013.)22 b(If)16 b(there)480 1691 y(are)f(no)g(argumen)o(ts,)f(the)h(p)q(ositional)i (parameters)d(remain)i(unc)o(hanged.)240 1780 y(Using)21 b(`)p Fk(+)p Fl(')e(rather)g(than)h(`)p Fk(-)p Fl(')f(causes)h(these)h(\015ags)e (to)h(b)q(e)g(turned)h(o\013.)33 b(The)21 b(\015ags)e(can)h(also)g(b)q(e)240 1842 y(used)e(up)q(on)g(in)o(v)o(o)q(cation)g(of)f(the)g(shell.)28 b(The)17 b(curren)o(t)h(set)f(of)g(\015ags)f(ma)o(y)h(b)q(e)h(found)g(in)g Fk($-)p Fl(.)26 b(The)240 1904 y(remaining)14 b(N)f Fg(argumen)o(ts)h Fl(are)f(p)q(ositional)h(parameters)e(and)i(are)e(assigned,)i(in)g(order,)f (to)f Fk($1)p Fl(,)h Fk($2)p Fl(,)240 1966 y(..)19 b Fk($N)p Fl(.)h(If)15 b(no)h(argumen)o(ts)e(are)h(giv)o(en,)g(all)h(shell)h(v)m (ariables)g(are)d(prin)o(ted.)0 2196 y Fj(4.6)33 b(Bash)14 b(V)-6 b(ariables)62 2334 y Fl(These)16 b(v)m(ariables)g(are)f(set)g(or)g (used)h(b)o(y)f(bash,)g(but)g(other)g(shells)i(do)e(not)g(normally)g(treat)g (them)g(sp)q(ecially)l(.)0 2471 y Fk(HISTCONTROL)0 2521 y(history_control)240 2583 y Fl(Set)i(to)g(a)g(v)m(alue)h(of)f(`)p Fk(ignorespace)p Fl(',)e(it)j(means)f(don't)g(en)o(ter)g(lines)i(whic)o(h)f(b)q(egin)g(with)g (a)f(space)240 2645 y(or)f(tab)f(in)o(to)h(the)h(history)f(list.)23 b(Set)16 b(to)g(a)g(v)m(alue)h(of)f(`)p Fk(ignoredups)p Fl(',)d(it)k(means)f (don't)f(en)o(ter)h(lines)p eop %%Page: 23 25 24 bop 0 -83 a Fl(Chapter)15 b(4:)k(Bash)d(Sp)q(eci\014c)h(F)l(eatures)1226 b(23)240 158 y(whic)o(h)16 b(matc)o(h)f(the)g(last)g(en)o(tered)g(line.)22 b(A)15 b(v)m(alue)h(of)f(`)p Fk(ignoreboth)p Fl(')e(com)o(bines)j(the)f(t)o (w)o(o)f(options.)240 221 y(Unset,)f(or)f(set)g(to)g(an)o(y)h(other)f(v)m (alue)i(than)e(those)h(ab)q(o)o(v)o(e,)f(means)h(to)f(sa)o(v)o(e)g(all)h (lines)i(on)d(the)h(history)240 283 y(list.)0 373 y Fk(HISTFILE)48 b Fl(The)15 b(name)h(of)e(the)i(\014le)g(to)e(whic)o(h)j(the)e(command)g (history)g(is)h(sa)o(v)o(ed.)0 463 y Fk(HISTSIZE)48 b Fl(If)15 b(set,)g(this)h(is)f(the)h(maxim)o(um)f(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)g(of)g(commands)g(to) g(remem)o(b)q(er)g(in)h(the)f(history)l(.)0 540 y Fk(histchars)240 602 y Fl(Up)j(to)g(three)g(c)o(haracters)g(whic)o(h)h(con)o(trol)e(history)h (expansion,)i(quic)o(k)f(substitution,)g(and)f(tok-)240 664 y(enization)j(\(see)e(Section)i(6.1)e([History)g(In)o(teraction],)h(page)f (33\).)33 b(The)20 b(\014rst)f(c)o(haracter)g(is)h(the)240 726 y Fg(history-expansion-c)o(har)p Fl(,)d(that)e(is,)i(the)f(c)o(haracter)f (whic)o(h)i(signi\014es)g(the)g(start)d(of)i(a)g(history)g(ex-)240 789 y(pansion,)23 b(normally)f(`)p Fk(!)p Fl('.)37 b(The)21 b(second)h(c)o(haracter)e(is)i(the)f(c)o(haracter)g(whic)o(h)h(signi\014es)h (`quic)o(k)240 851 y(substitution')d(when)h(seen)f(as)g(the)g(\014rst)g(c)o (haracter)f(on)h(a)g(line,)i(normally)f(`)p Fk(^)p Fl('.)33 b(The)20 b(optional)240 913 y(third)15 b(c)o(haracter)f(is)h(the)f(c)o (haracter)g(whic)o(h)h(signi\014es)h(the)f(remainder)g(of)f(the)h(line)h(is)f (a)f(commen)o(t,)240 975 y(when)f(found)f(as)g(the)g(\014rst)g(c)o(haracter)f (of)h(a)g(w)o(ord,)f(usually)j(`)p Fk(#)p Fl('.)k(The)12 b(history)g(commen)o (t)g(c)o(haracter)240 1038 y(causes)k(history)g(substitution)g(to)f(b)q(e)h (skipp)q(ed)i(for)d(the)h(remaining)h(w)o(ords)d(on)i(the)g(line.)23 b(It)16 b(do)q(es)240 1100 y(not)f(necessarily)h(cause)g(the)f(shell)i (parser)e(to)f(treat)h(the)g(rest)g(of)f(the)i(line)h(as)d(a)h(commen)o(t.)0 1190 y Fk(HISTCMD)72 b Fl(The)16 b(history)g(n)o(um)o(b)q(er,)f(or)h(index)h (in)f(the)g(history)g(list,)g(of)f(the)h(curren)o(t)g(command.)21 b(If)16 b Fk(HISTCMD)240 1252 y Fl(is)g(unset,)f(it)g(loses)h(its)f(sp)q (ecial)i(prop)q(erties,)f(ev)o(en)f(if)h(it)f(is)h(subsequen)o(tly)h(reset.)0 1329 y Fk(hostname_completion_file)0 1391 y(HOSTFILE)48 b Fl(Con)o(tains)17 b(the)h(name)g(of)f(a)h(\014le)h(in)f(the)g(same)f(format)g(as)g(`)p Fk(/etc/hosts)p Fl(')f(that)h(should)i(b)q(e)f(read)240 1453 y(when)g(the)g(shell)i(needs)f(to)e(complete)i(a)e(hostname.)28 b(Y)l(ou)18 b(can)g(c)o(hange)g(the)g(\014le)h(in)o(teractiv)o(ely;)240 1515 y(the)c(next)h(time)g(y)o(ou)f(attempt)f(to)h(complete)h(a)f(hostname,)g (Bash)g(will)i(add)f(the)f(con)o(ten)o(ts)g(of)g(the)240 1578 y(new)g(\014le)i(to)d(the)i(already)f(existing)h(database.)0 1654 y Fk(MAILCHECK)240 1716 y Fl(Ho)o(w)k(often)g(\(in)h(seconds\))f(that)g (the)g(shell)i(should)f(c)o(hec)o(k)g(for)f(mail)h(in)g(the)f(\014les)i(sp)q (eci\014ed)g(in)240 1778 y Fk(MAILPATH)p Fl(.)0 1855 y Fk(PROMPT_COMMAND)240 1917 y Fl(If)15 b(presen)o(t,)g(this)g(con)o(tains)g(a)g(string)g(whic)o(h)h (is)f(a)g(command)f(to)h(execute)g(b)q(efore)h(the)f(prin)o(ting)g(of)240 1979 y(eac)o(h)g(primary)h(prompt)e(\()p Fk($PS1)p Fl(\).)0 2069 y Fk(UID)168 b Fl(The)15 b(n)o(umeric)i(real)e(user)g(id)h(of)f(the)g (curren)o(t)h(user.)0 2160 y Fk(EUID)144 b Fl(The)15 b(n)o(umeric)i (e\013ectiv)o(e)e(user)g(id)h(of)f(the)g(curren)o(t)h(user.)0 2250 y Fk(HOSTTYPE)48 b Fl(A)15 b(string)g(describing)i(the)f(mac)o(hine)g (Bash)f(is)h(running)g(on.)0 2340 y Fk(OSTYPE)96 b Fl(A)15 b(string)g(describing)i(the)f(op)q(erating)f(system)g(Bash)g(is)h(running)g (on.)0 2430 y Fk(FIGNORE)72 b Fl(A)14 b(colon-separated)h(list)g(of)f (su\016xes)g(to)g(ignore)g(when)h(p)q(erforming)g(\014lename)g(completion)h (A)e(\014le)240 2493 y(name)j(whose)h(su\016x)f(matc)o(hes)g(one)g(of)g(the)h (en)o(tries)f(in)i Fk(FIGNORE)d Fl(is)i(excluded)h(from)e(the)g(list)h(of)240 2555 y(matc)o(hed)d(\014le)h(names.)k(A)15 b(sample)h(v)m(alue)h(is)e(`)p Fk(.o:~)p Fl(')0 2645 y Fk(INPUTRC)72 b Fl(The)15 b(name)h(of)e(the)i (Readline)h(startup)e(\014le,)h(o)o(v)o(erriding)f(the)g(default)h(of)f(`)p Fk(~/.inputrc)p Fl('.)p eop %%Page: 24 26 25 bop 0 -83 a Fl(24)1623 b(Bash)15 b(F)l(eatures)0 158 y Fk(BASH_VERSION)240 221 y Fl(The)g(v)o(ersion)h(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)f(of)g(the)g(curren)o(t)h (instance)g(of)e(Bash.)0 293 y Fk(IGNOREEOF)240 355 y Fl(Con)o(trols)g(the)h (action)f(of)g(the)h(shell)h(on)f(receipt)g(of)g(an)f Fk(EOF)g Fl(c)o(haracter)g(as)g(the)h(sole)g(input.)21 b(If)15 b(set,)240 418 y(then)j(the)g(v)m(alue)h(of)f(it)g(is)g(the)g(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)h(of)e (consecutiv)o(e)i Fk(EOF)f Fl(c)o(haracters)f(that)g(can)h(b)q(e)g(read)g(as) 240 480 y(the)d(\014rst)f(c)o(haracters)f(on)i(an)f(input)h(line)i(b)q(efore) d(the)h(shell)h(will)g(exit.)k(If)15 b(the)f(v)m(ariable)i(exists)f(but)240 542 y(do)q(es)h(not)f(ha)o(v)o(e)g(a)g(n)o(umeric)h(v)m(alue)h(\(or)d(has)h (no)h(v)m(alue\))g(then)f(the)h(default)g(is)g(10.)k(If)15 b(the)h(v)m(ariable)240 604 y(do)q(es)e(not)g(exist,)g(then)g Fk(EOF)f Fl(signi\014es)j(the)e(end)g(of)g(input)h(to)e(the)h(shell.)21 b(This)14 b(is)h(only)f(in)h(e\013ect)f(for)240 667 y(in)o(teractiv)o(e)i (shells.)0 739 y Fk(no_exit_on_failed_exec)240 802 y Fl(If)e(this)h(v)m (ariable)g(exists,)g(the)f(shell)h(will)h(not)e(exit)g(in)h(the)g(case)f (that)f(it)h(couldn't)h(execute)g(the)f(\014le)240 864 y(sp)q(eci\014ed)j(in) f(the)g Fk(exec)e Fl(command.)0 947 y Fk(nolinks)72 b Fl(If)20 b(presen)o(t,)g(sa)o(ys)e(not)h(to)g(follo)o(w)g(sym)o(b)q(olic)i(links)f (when)g(doing)g(commands)f(that)g(c)o(hange)g(the)240 1009 y(curren)o(t)i(w)o(orking)h(directory)l(.)39 b(By)22 b(default,)h(bash)f (follo)o(ws)f(the)h(logical)h(c)o(hain)f(of)f(directories)240 1071 y(when)16 b(p)q(erforming)f(commands)g(suc)o(h)h(as)f Fk(cd)f Fl(whic)o(h)j(c)o(hange)e(the)g(curren)o(t)g(directory)l(.)240 1144 y(F)l(or)g(example,)g(if)h(`)p Fk(/usr/sys)p Fl(')d(is)j(a)f(link)h(to)f (`)p Fk(/usr/local/sys)p Fl(')d(then:)360 1204 y Fk($)24 b(cd)f(/usr/sys;)g (echo)g($PWD)360 1254 y(/usr/sys)360 1303 y($)h(cd)f(..;)h(pwd)360 1353 y(/usr)240 1426 y Fl(If)15 b Fk(nolinks)g Fl(exists,)g(then:)360 1486 y Fk($)24 b(cd)f(/usr/sys;)g(echo)g($PWD)360 1536 y(/usr/local/sys)360 1585 y($)h(cd)f(..;)h(pwd)360 1635 y(/usr/local)240 1708 y Fl(See)12 b(also)e(the)i(description)g(of)e(the)i Fk(-P)e Fl(option)h(to)g (the)g Fk(set)f Fl(builtin,)k(Section)e(4.5)e([The)g(Set)h(Builtin],)240 1770 y(page)k(20.)0 1985 y Fj(4.7)33 b(Shell)16 b(Arithmetic)0 2184 y Ff(4.7.1)30 b(Arithmetic)16 b(Ev)m(aluation)62 2321 y Fl(The)f(shell)g(allo)o(ws)f(arithmetic)h(expressions)g(to)e(b)q(e)i(ev)m (aluated,)g(as)e(one)h(of)g(the)g(shell)i(expansions)e(or)g(b)o(y)g(the)0 2384 y Fk(let)h Fl(builtin.)62 2521 y(Ev)m(aluation)i(is)g(done)f(in)h(long)f (in)o(tegers)g(with)g(no)g(c)o(hec)o(k)g(for)g(o)o(v)o(er\015o)o(w,)e(though) i(division)i(b)o(y)e(0)f(is)i(trapp)q(ed)0 2583 y(and)g(\015agged)f(as)g(an)h (error.)23 b(The)17 b(follo)o(wing)g(list)h(of)e(op)q(erators)g(is)h(group)q (ed)g(in)o(to)f(lev)o(els)i(of)e(equal-precedence)0 2645 y(op)q(erators.)j (The)c(lev)o(els)i(are)e(listed)h(in)g(order)f(of)g(decreasing)h(precedence.) p eop %%Page: 25 27 26 bop 0 -83 a Fl(Chapter)15 b(4:)k(Bash)d(Sp)q(eci\014c)h(F)l(eatures)1226 b(25)0 158 y Fk(-)15 b(+)177 b Fl(unary)15 b(min)o(us)h(and)f(plus)0 246 y Fk(!)g(~)177 b Fl(logical)16 b(and)g(bit)o(wise)g(negation)0 334 y Fk(*)f(/)g(\045)138 b Fl(m)o(ultiplication,)17 b(division,)g(remainder) 0 422 y Fk(+)e(-)177 b Fl(addition,)16 b(subtraction)0 510 y Fk(<<)f(>>)129 b Fl(left)16 b(and)f(righ)o(t)g(bit)o(wise)h(shifts)0 598 y Fk(<=)f(>=)g(<)g(>)51 b Fl(comparison)0 685 y Fk(==)15 b(!=)129 b Fl(equalit)o(y)16 b(and)f(inequalit)o(y)0 773 y Fk(&)216 b Fl(bit)o(wise)16 b(AND)0 861 y Fk(^)216 b Fl(bit)o(wise)16 b(exclusiv)o(e)h(OR)0 949 y Fk(|)216 b Fl(bit)o(wise)16 b(OR)0 1037 y Fk(&&)192 b Fl(logical)16 b(AND)0 1125 y Fk(||)192 b Fl(logical)16 b(OR)0 1200 y Fk(=)f(*=)g(/=)g(\045=)g(+=)g(-=)f(<<=)h(>>=)g (&=)g(^=)g(|=)240 1262 y Fl(assignmen)o(t)62 1412 y(Shell)h(v)m(ariables)e (are)f(allo)o(w)o(ed)h(as)f(op)q(erands;)h(parameter)e(expansion)j(is)e(p)q (erformed)h(b)q(efore)g(the)f(expression)0 1474 y(is)k(ev)m(aluated.)26 b(The)17 b(v)m(alue)i(of)d(a)h(parameter)f(is)h(co)q(erced)h(to)e(a)h(long)g (in)o(teger)g(within)h(an)f(expression.)25 b(A)17 b(shell)0 1537 y(v)m(ariable)g(need)f(not)e(ha)o(v)o(e)h(its)h(in)o(teger)f(attribute)g (turned)h(on)f(to)f(b)q(e)i(used)g(in)g(an)f(expression.)62 1674 y(Constan)o(ts)21 b(with)i(a)f(leading)i(0)e(are)g(in)o(terpreted)h(as)f (o)q(ctal)h(n)o(um)o(b)q(ers.)41 b(A)23 b(leading)h Fk(0x)e Fl(or)g Fk(0X)g Fl(denotes)0 1736 y(hexadecimal.)e(Otherwise,)14 b(n)o(um)o(b)q(ers)e(tak)o(e)f(the)i(form)e([)p Fg(base#)r Fl(]n,)g(where)i Fg(base)h Fl(is)f(a)f(decimal)h(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)g(b)q(et)o (w)o(een)0 1798 y(2)h(and)g(36)g(represen)o(ting)g(the)h(arithmetic)f(base,)g (and)h Fg(n)f Fl(is)h(a)e(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)i(in)g(that)e(base.)20 b(If)14 b Fg(base)j Fl(is)e(omitted,)f(then)0 1861 y(base)h(10)g(is)h(used.) 62 1998 y(Op)q(erators)i(are)f(ev)m(aluated)i(in)g(order)e(of)h(precedence.) 29 b(Sub-expressions)20 b(in)e(paren)o(theses)g(are)g(ev)m(aluated)0 2060 y(\014rst)d(and)g(ma)o(y)g(o)o(v)o(erride)g(the)g(precedence)i(rules)f (ab)q(o)o(v)o(e.)0 2271 y Ff(4.7.2)30 b(Arithmetic)16 b(Expansion)62 2408 y Fl(Arithmetic)h(expansion)f(allo)o(ws)g(the)f(ev)m(aluation)i(of)e(an) g(arithmetic)i(expression)f(and)g(the)f(substitution)h(of)0 2470 y(the)f(result.)21 b(There)15 b(are)g(t)o(w)o(o)f(formats)g(for)g (arithmetic)i(expansion:)120 2595 y Fk($[)24 b(expression)e(])120 2645 y($\(\()h(expression)g(\)\))p eop %%Page: 26 28 27 bop 0 -83 a Fl(26)1623 b(Bash)15 b(F)l(eatures)62 158 y(The)e(expression)h (is)f(treated)f(as)g(if)h(it)g(w)o(ere)g(within)h(double)g(quotes,)e(but)h(a) f(double)i(quote)f(inside)h(the)f(braces)0 221 y(or)i(paren)o(theses)g(is)h (not)f(treated)g(sp)q(ecially)l(.)22 b(All)17 b(tok)o(ens)e(in)h(the)f (expression)h(undergo)g(parameter)e(expansion,)0 283 y(command)h (substitution,)h(and)f(quote)g(remo)o(v)m(al.)20 b(Arithmetic)c (substitutions)g(ma)o(y)f(b)q(e)h(nested.)62 421 y(The)k(ev)m(aluation)g(is)g (p)q(erformed)f(according)h(to)f(the)g(rules)h(listed)h(ab)q(o)o(v)o(e.)31 b(If)20 b(the)f(expression)h(is)g(in)o(v)m(alid,)0 483 y(Bash)15 b(prin)o(ts)h(a)f(message)f(indicating)j(failure)g(and)e(no)g(substitution)h (o)q(ccurs.)0 699 y Ff(4.7.3)30 b(Arithmetic)16 b(Builtins)0 850 y Fk(let)360 913 y(let)23 b Fg(expression)i Fk([)p Fg(expression)p Fk(])240 989 y Fl(The)16 b Fk(let)f Fl(builtin)i(allo)o(ws)f(arithmetic)g(to) f(b)q(e)h(p)q(erformed)g(on)f(shell)i(v)m(ariables.)22 b(Eac)o(h)15 b Fg(expression)240 1051 y Fl(is)e(ev)m(aluated)h(according)g(to)e(the)h (rules)g(giv)o(en)h(previously)g(\(see)f(Section)g(4.7.1)f([Arithmetic)h(Ev)m (al-)240 1113 y(uation],)18 b(page)f(24\).)27 b(If)18 b(the)g(last)f Fg(expression)i Fl(ev)m(aluates)f(to)f(0,)h Fk(let)f Fl(returns)h(1;)g (otherwise)g(0)f(is)240 1176 y(returned.)0 1408 y Fj(4.8)33 b(Con)n(trolling)17 b(the)e(Prompt)62 1546 y Fl(The)j(v)m(alue)g(of)e(the)h (v)m(ariable)i Fk($PROMPT_COMMAND)c Fl(is)i(examined)h(just)f(b)q(efore)g (Bash)h(prin)o(ts)f(eac)o(h)g(primary)0 1608 y(prompt.)32 b(If)19 b(it)h(is)f(set)g(and)h(non-n)o(ull,)h(then)f(the)f(v)m(alue)i(is)f(executed) g(just)f(as)g(if)g(y)o(ou)g(had)h(t)o(yp)q(ed)f(it)h(on)f(the)0 1671 y(command)c(line.)62 1808 y(In)20 b(addition,)g(the)f(follo)o(wing)h (table)f(describ)q(es)h(the)f(sp)q(ecial)i(c)o(haracters)d(whic)o(h)i(can)f (app)q(ear)g(in)g(the)g Fk(PS1)0 1871 y Fl(v)m(ariable:)0 2022 y Fk(\\t)192 b Fl(the)15 b(time,)g(in)h(HH:MM:SS)f(format.)0 2111 y Fk(\\d)192 b Fl(the)15 b(date,)g(in)h Fk(")p Fl(W)l(eekda)o(y)f(Mon)o (th)f(Date)p Fk(")h Fl(format)f(\(e.g.)19 b Fk(")p Fl(T)l(ue)c(Ma)o(y)g(26)p Fk(")p Fl(\).)0 2200 y Fk(\\n)192 b Fl(newline.)0 2289 y Fk(\\s)g Fl(the)15 b(name)g(of)g(the)h(shell,)g(the)f(basename)h(of)e Fk($0)h Fl(\(the)g(p)q(ortion)h(follo)o(wing)g(the)f(\014nal)h(slash\).)0 2378 y Fk(\\w)192 b Fl(the)15 b(curren)o(t)g(w)o(orking)g(directory)l(.)0 2467 y Fk(\\W)192 b Fl(the)15 b(basename)h(of)e Fk($PWD)p Fl(.)0 2556 y Fk(\\u)192 b Fl(y)o(our)15 b(username.)0 2645 y Fk(\\h)192 b Fl(the)15 b(hostname.)p eop %%Page: 27 29 28 bop 0 -83 a Fl(Chapter)15 b(4:)k(Bash)d(Sp)q(eci\014c)h(F)l(eatures)1226 b(27)0 158 y Fk(\\#)192 b Fl(the)15 b(command)g(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)h(of)f(this)g (command.)0 246 y Fk(\\!)192 b Fl(the)15 b(history)g(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)h(of)f (this)g(command.)0 333 y Fk(\\nnn)144 b Fl(the)15 b(c)o(haracter)g(corresp)q (onding)h(to)e(the)i(o)q(ctal)f(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)h Fk(nnn)p Fl(.)0 420 y Fk(\\$)192 b Fl(if)16 b(the)f(e\013ectiv)o(e)g(uid)i(is)e(0,)g Fk(#)p Fl(,)g(otherwise)g Fk($)p Fl(.)0 507 y Fk(\\\\)192 b Fl(a)15 b(bac)o(kslash.)0 594 y Fk(\\[)192 b Fl(b)q(egin)18 b(a)e(sequence)i(of)e(non-prin)o(ting)h(c)o(haracters.)23 b(This)17 b(could)h(b)q(e)f(used)g(to)f(em)o(b)q(ed)h(a)f(terminal)240 656 y(con)o(trol)f(sequence)h(in)o(to)f(the)h(prompt.)0 744 y Fk(\\])192 b Fl(end)16 b(a)f(sequence)h(of)f(non-prin)o(ting)h(c)o (haracters.)p eop %%Page: 28 30 29 bop 0 -83 a Fl(28)1623 b(Bash)15 b(F)l(eatures)p eop %%Page: 29 31 30 bop 0 -83 a Fl(Chapter)15 b(5:)k(Job)d(Con)o(trol)1435 b(29)0 158 y Fh(5)41 b(Job)15 b(Con)n(trol)62 366 y Fl(This)i(c)o(hapter)e(disusses) i(what)e(job)h(con)o(trol)g(is,)g(ho)o(w)f(it)h(w)o(orks,)f(and)h(ho)o(w)f (Bash)h(allo)o(ws)g(y)o(ou)g(to)f(access)h(its)0 428 y(facilities.)0 690 y Fj(5.1)33 b(Job)14 b(Con)n(trol)i(Basics)62 831 y Fl(Job)21 b(con)o(trol)e(refers)h(to)g(the)g(abilit)o(y)h(to)e(selectiv)o(ely)j(stop)e (\(susp)q(end\))h(the)f(execution)h(of)e(pro)q(cesses)i(and)0 893 y(con)o(tin)o(ue)f(\(resume\))e(their)h(execution)i(at)d(a)g(later)h(p)q (oin)o(t.)32 b(A)19 b(user)g(t)o(ypically)h(emplo)o(ys)f(this)h(facilit)o(y)g (via)f(an)0 956 y(in)o(teractiv)o(e)d(in)o(terface)f(supplied)j(join)o(tly)d (b)o(y)g(the)h(system's)e(terminal)i(driv)o(er)g(and)f(Bash.)62 1097 y(The)22 b(shell)h(asso)q(ciates)e(a)h Fg(job)g Fl(with)g(eac)o(h)f(pip) q(elin)q(e.)41 b(It)22 b(k)o(eeps)g(a)f(table)h(of)f(curren)o(tly)h (executing)h(jobs,)0 1159 y(whic)o(h)e(ma)o(y)e(b)q(e)i(listed)g(with)g(the)f Fk(jobs)f Fl(command.)34 b(When)21 b(Bash)f(starts)e(a)i(job)g(async)o (hronously)g(\(in)h(the)0 1221 y(bac)o(kground\),)14 b(it)i(prin)o(ts)f(a)g (line)i(that)d(lo)q(oks)i(lik)o(e:)120 1350 y Fk([1])23 b(25647)62 1491 y Fl(indicating)14 b(that)d(this)h(job)g(is)g(job)f(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)i(1) e(and)h(that)f(the)h(pro)q(cess)g(ID)g(of)f(the)h(last)f(pro)q(cess)h(in)h (the)f(pip)q(eline)0 1553 y(asso)q(ciated)j(with)f(this)h(job)f(is)h(25647.)k (All)c(of)f(the)h(pro)q(cesses)g(in)g(a)f(single)i(pip)q(eline)h(are)d(mem)o (b)q(ers)h(of)f(the)g(same)0 1616 y(job.)20 b(Bash)15 b(uses)g(the)h Fg(job)g Fl(abstraction)e(as)h(the)h(basis)f(for)g(job)g(con)o(trol.)62 1757 y(T)l(o)i(facilitate)g(the)g(implemen)o(tation)h(of)e(the)h(user)f(in)o (terface)h(to)f(job)h(con)o(trol,)f(the)h(system)f(main)o(tains)h(the)0 1819 y(notion)i(of)g(a)g(curren)o(t)g(terminal)h(pro)q(cess)f(group)g(ID.)g (Mem)o(b)q(ers)g(of)g(this)h(pro)q(cess)f(group)g(\(pro)q(cesses)g(whose)0 1881 y(pro)q(cess)g(group)g(ID)g(is)g(equal)g(to)g(the)g(curren)o(t)f (terminal)i(pro)q(cess)f(group)g(ID\))f(receiv)o(e)i(k)o(eyb)q (oard-generated)0 1944 y(signals)14 b(suc)o(h)f(as)f Fk(SIGINT)p Fl(.)18 b(These)13 b(pro)q(cesses)g(are)g(said)g(to)f(b)q(e)i(in)f(the)g (foreground.)19 b(Bac)o(kground)12 b(pro)q(cesses)h(are)0 2006 y(those)i(whose)f(pro)q(cess)i(group)e(ID)h(di\013ers)h(from)e(the)h (terminal's;)g(suc)o(h)g(pro)q(cesses)g(are)g(imm)o(une)h(to)e(k)o(eyb)q (oard-)0 2068 y(generated)19 b(signals.)30 b(Only)20 b(foreground)e(pro)q (cesses)h(are)f(allo)o(w)o(ed)h(to)f(read)h(from)e(or)h(write)h(to)f(the)h (terminal.)0 2130 y(Bac)o(kground)i(pro)q(cesses)h(whic)o(h)h(attempt)e(to)g (read)g(from)g(\(write)g(to\))g(the)h(terminal)g(are)f(sen)o(t)h(a)f Fk(SIGTTIN)0 2193 y Fl(\()p Fk(SIGTTOU)p Fl(\))14 b(signal)i(b)o(y)f(the)g (terminal)h(driv)o(er,)f(whic)o(h,)h(unless)g(caugh)o(t,)f(susp)q(ends)h(the) f(pro)q(cess.)62 2334 y(If)h(the)g(op)q(erating)g(system)f(on)g(whic)o(h)i (Bash)e(is)h(running)h(supp)q(orts)f(job)f(con)o(trol,)g(Bash)h(allo)o(ws)f (y)o(ou)h(to)f(use)0 2396 y(it.)20 b(T)o(yping)15 b(the)g Fg(susp)q(end)j Fl(c)o(haracter)c(\(t)o(ypically)i(`)p Fk(^Z)p Fl(',)e(Con)o(trol-Z\))f (while)k(a)d(pro)q(cess)h(is)h(running)g(causes)f(that)0 2458 y(pro)q(cess)i(to)f(b)q(e)i(stopp)q(ed)f(and)g(returns)g(y)o(ou)f(to)g(Bash.) 25 b(T)o(yping)17 b(the)g Fg(dela)o(y)o(ed)h(susp)q(end)i Fl(c)o(haracter)c (\(t)o(ypically)0 2521 y(`)p Fk(^Y)p Fl(',)11 b(Con)o(trol-Y\))h(causes)g (the)h(pro)q(cess)f(to)g(b)q(e)h(stopp)q(ed)f(when)h(it)g(attempts)e(to)g (read)i(input)g(from)e(the)i(terminal,)0 2583 y(and)k(con)o(trol)f(to)f(b)q (e)i(returned)g(to)f(Bash.)23 b(Y)l(ou)16 b(ma)o(y)g(then)h(manipulate)g(the) g(state)e(of)h(this)h(job,)f(using)h(the)f Fk(bg)0 2645 y Fl(command)h(to)f (con)o(tin)o(ue)h(it)g(in)h(the)f(bac)o(kground,)g(the)g Fk(fg)f Fl(command)h(to)f(con)o(tin)o(ue)h(it)g(in)h(the)f(foreground,)f(or)p eop %%Page: 30 32 31 bop 0 -83 a Fl(30)1623 b(Bash)15 b(F)l(eatures)0 158 y(the)h Fk(kill)f Fl(command)g(to)g(kill)i(it.)k(A)16 b(`)p Fk(^Z)p Fl(')f(tak)o(es)f(e\013ect)i(immediately)l(,)h(and)f(has)f(the)h(additional)h (side)f(e\013ect)f(of)0 221 y(causing)h(p)q(ending)h(output)e(and)g(t)o(yp)q (eahead)h(to)e(b)q(e)i(discarded.)62 358 y(There)i(are)g(a)f(n)o(um)o(b)q(er) i(of)e(w)o(a)o(ys)g(to)g(refer)h(to)f(a)g(job)h(in)h(the)e(shell.)30 b(The)18 b(c)o(haracter)f(`)p Fk(\045)p Fl(')g(in)o(tro)q(duces)i(a)e(job)0 420 y(name.)i(Job)c(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)f Fk(n)f Fl(ma)o(y)h(b)q(e)g(referred)g (to)f(as)h(`)p Fk(\045n)p Fl('.)k(A)c(job)g(ma)o(y)f(also)g(b)q(e)i(referred) f(to)f(using)i(a)e(pre\014x)h(of)g(the)0 482 y(name)j(used)g(to)f(start)g (it,)h(or)f(using)h(a)g(substring)g(that)f(app)q(ears)g(in)i(its)f(command)f (line.)27 b(F)l(or)16 b(example,)h(`)p Fk(\045ce)p Fl(')0 544 y(refers)d(to)g(a)g(stopp)q(ed)h Fk(ce)f Fl(job.)20 b(Using)15 b(`)p Fk(\045?ce)p Fl(',)e(on)h(the)h(other)f(hand,)h(refers)f(to)g(an)o(y)g (job)g(con)o(taining)h(the)g(string)0 607 y(`)p Fk(ce)p Fl(')h(in)j(its)e (command)h(line.)28 b(If)18 b(the)g(pre\014x)g(or)f(substring)h(matc)o(hes)f (more)g(than)g(one)h(job,)f(Bash)h(rep)q(orts)f(an)0 669 y(error.)i(The)c (sym)o(b)q(ols)g(`)p Fk(\045\045)p Fl(')f(and)h(`)p Fk(\045+)p Fl(')f(refer)h(to)f(the)h(shell's)h(notion)f(of)g(the)g(curren)o(t)g(job,)f (whic)o(h)i(is)f(the)g(last)g(job)0 731 y(stopp)q(ed)h(while)h(it)f(w)o(as)f (in)h(the)g(foreground.)k(The)c(previous)g(job)f(ma)o(y)g(b)q(e)h(referenced) h(using)f(`)p Fk(\045-)p Fl('.)k(In)c(output)0 793 y(p)q(ertaining)h(to)f (jobs)g(\(e.g.,)f(the)h(output)g(of)f(the)i Fk(jobs)e Fl(command\),)h(the)g (curren)o(t)g(job)g(is)g(alw)o(a)o(ys)g(\015agged)g(with)0 856 y(a)f(`)p Fk(+)p Fl(',)f(and)h(the)g(previous)h(job)f(with)h(a)f(`)p Fk(-)p Fl('.)62 993 y(Simply)21 b(naming)f(a)f(job)g(can)h(b)q(e)g(used)g(to) f(bring)h(it)g(in)o(to)f(the)g(foreground:)28 b(`)p Fk(\0451)p Fl(')19 b(is)h(a)f(synon)o(ym)g(for)g(`)p Fk(fg)0 1055 y(\0451)p Fl(')14 b(bringing)j(job)e(1)g(from)f(the)h(bac)o(kground)h(in)o(to)f(the)g (foreground.)k(Similarly)l(,)f(`)p Fk(\0451)c(&)p Fl(')h(resumes)g(job)g(1)g (in)h(the)0 1117 y(bac)o(kground,)f(equiv)m(alen)o(t)i(to)d(`)p Fk(bg)h(\0451)p Fl(')62 1254 y(The)20 b(shell)h(learns)e(immediately)i (whenev)o(er)f(a)f(job)g(c)o(hanges)g(state.)31 b(Normally)l(,)21 b(Bash)e(w)o(aits)g(un)o(til)h(it)f(is)0 1316 y(ab)q(out)14 b(to)g(prin)o(t)h(a)f(prompt)g(b)q(efore)g(rep)q(orting)h(c)o(hanges)f(in)i (a)e(job's)f(status)h(so)g(as)g(to)g(not)g(in)o(terrupt)g(an)o(y)g(other)0 1379 y(output.)21 b(If)15 b(the)h(the)g Fk(-b)f Fl(option)g(to)g(the)h Fk(set)f Fl(builtin)j(is)e(set,)f(Bash)g(rep)q(orts)g(suc)o(h)h(c)o(hanges)g (immediately)h(\(see)0 1441 y(Section)f(4.5)e([The)h(Set)h(Builtin],)g(page)f (20\).)k(This)d(feature)f(is)h(also)f(con)o(trolled)h(b)o(y)f(the)g(v)m (ariable)i Fk(notify)p Fl(.)62 1578 y(If)j(y)o(ou)g(attempt)f(to)g(exit)h (bash)g(while)i(jobs)e(are)f(stopp)q(ed,)i(the)f(shell)i(prin)o(ts)e(a)f (message)h(w)o(arning)g(y)o(ou.)0 1640 y(Y)l(ou)d(ma)o(y)f(then)h(use)g(the)g Fk(jobs)f Fl(command)g(to)g(insp)q(ect)i(their)f(status.)24 b(If)17 b(y)o(ou)f(do)h(this,)g(or)f(try)g(to)g(exit)h(again)0 1703 y(immediately)l(,)g(y)o(ou)e(are)f(not)h(w)o(arned)g(again,)g(and)g(the) h(stopp)q(ed)f(jobs)g(are)g(terminated.)0 1926 y Fj(5.2)33 b(Job)14 b(Con)n(trol)i(Builtins)0 2075 y Fk(bg)360 2137 y(bg)24 b([)p Fg(jobsp)q(ec)s Fk(])240 2211 y Fl(Place)16 b Fg(jobsp)q(ec)i Fl(in)o(to)d(the)g(bac)o(kground,)f(as)h(if)g(it)g(had)g(b)q(een)h(started)e (with)i(`)p Fk(&)p Fl('.)i(If)e Fg(jobsp)q(ec)i Fl(is)d(not)240 2273 y(supplied,)i(the)e(curren)o(t)h(job)f(is)g(used.)0 2360 y Fk(fg)360 2422 y(fg)24 b([)p Fg(jobsp)q(ec)s Fk(])240 2496 y Fl(Bring)f Fg(jobsp)q(ec)j Fl(in)o(to)c(the)h(foreground)f(and)g(mak)o(e)g (it)h(the)f(curren)o(t)h(job.)41 b(If)23 b Fg(jobsp)q(ec)i Fl(is)e(not)240 2559 y(supplied,)17 b(the)e(curren)o(t)h(job)f(is)g(used.)0 2645 y Fk(jobs)p eop %%Page: 31 33 32 bop 0 -83 a Fl(Chapter)15 b(5:)k(Job)d(Con)o(trol)1435 b(31)360 158 y Fk(jobs)23 b([-lpn])g([)p Fg(jobsp)q(ec)s Fk(])360 208 y(jobs)g(-x)h Fg(command)h Fk([)p Fg(jobsp)q(ec)s Fk(])240 283 y Fl(The)16 b(\014rst)g(form)f(lists)i(the)f(activ)o(e)g(jobs.)22 b(The)16 b Fk(-l)g Fl(option)g(lists)g(pro)q(cess)h(IDs)f(in)g(addition)i(to) d(the)240 345 y(normal)h(information;)f(the)h Fk(-p)g Fl(option)g(lists)g (only)g(the)g(pro)q(cess)g(ID)g(of)f(the)h(job's)f(pro)q(cess)h(group)240 407 y(leader.)k(The)14 b Fk(-n)g Fl(option)g(displa)o(ys)h(only)f(jobs)g (that)f(ha)o(v)o(e)h(c)o(hanged)g(status)f(since)i(last)f(not\014ed.)20 b(If)240 470 y Fg(jobsp)q(ec)g Fl(is)d(giv)o(en,)h(output)e(is)h(restricted)g (to)f(information)h(ab)q(out)g(that)f(job.)24 b(If)17 b Fg(jobsp)q(ec)j Fl(is)d(not)240 532 y(supplied,)g(the)e(status)g(of)g(all)h(jobs)f(is)g (listed.)240 607 y(If)e(the)f Fk(-x)g Fl(option)g(is)h(supplied,)i Fk(jobs)d Fl(replaces)h(an)o(y)f Fg(jobsp)q(ec)j Fl(found)e(in)g Fg(command)h Fl(or)e Fg(argumen)o(ts)240 669 y Fl(with)f(the)h(corresp)q (onding)g(pro)q(cess)f(group)g(ID,)g(and)g(executes)h Fg(command)p Fl(,)f(passing)h(it)f Fg(argumen)o(t)q Fl(s,)240 731 y(returning)16 b(its)f(exit)h(status.)0 818 y Fk(suspend)360 881 y(suspend)23 b([-f])240 955 y Fl(Susp)q(end)c(the)e(execution)i(of)e(this)g(shell)i(un)o (til)g(it)e(receiv)o(es)i(a)e Fk(SIGCONT)f Fl(signal.)27 b(The)18 b Fk(-f)f Fl(option)240 1018 y(means)e(to)g(susp)q(end)h(ev)o(en)g(if)f(the)h (shell)g(is)g(a)f(login)h(shell.)62 1167 y(When)g(job)f(con)o(trol)g(is)g (activ)o(e,)g(the)h Fk(kill)e Fl(and)i Fk(wait)e Fl(builtins)k(also)d(accept) g Fg(jobsp)q(ec)k Fl(argumen)o(ts.)0 1391 y Fj(5.3)33 b(Job)14 b(Con)n(trol)i(V)-6 b(ariables)0 1528 y Fk(auto_resume)240 1590 y Fl(This)20 b(v)m(ariable)h(con)o(trols)e(ho)o(w)g(the)h(shell)h(in)o (teracts)e(with)h(the)g(user)f(and)h(job)f(con)o(trol.)33 b(If)20 b(this)240 1653 y(v)m(ariable)k(exists)e(then)h(single)g(w)o(ord)f(simple)i (commands)e(without)g(redirects)h(are)f(treated)f(as)240 1715 y(candidates)f(for)e(resumption)i(of)e(an)h(existing)h(job.)32 b(There)19 b(is)h(no)f(am)o(biguit)o(y)g(allo)o(w)o(ed;)i(if)e(y)o(ou)240 1777 y(ha)o(v)o(e)c(more)f(than)h(one)h(job)e(b)q(eginning)k(with)d(the)g (string)g(that)g(y)o(ou)f(ha)o(v)o(e)h(t)o(yp)q(ed,)g(then)h(the)f(most)240 1840 y(recen)o(tly)j(accessed)g(job)f(will)i(b)q(e)e(selected.)28 b(The)17 b(name)g(of)g(a)g(stopp)q(ed)h(job,)f(in)h(this)g(con)o(text,)e(is) 240 1902 y(the)f(command)g(line)h(used)g(to)e(start)g(it.)20 b(If)15 b(this)g(v)m(ariable)i(is)e(set)g(to)f(the)h(v)m(alue)h Fk(exact)p Fl(,)e(the)h(string)240 1964 y(supplied)h(m)o(ust)c(matc)o(h)h (the)g(name)g(of)g(a)g(stopp)q(ed)h(job)f(exactly;)h(if)f(set)g(to)g Fk(substring)p Fl(,)f(the)h(string)240 2026 y(supplied)22 b(needs)d(to)g (matc)o(h)g(a)f(substring)i(of)f(the)g(name)g(of)g(a)g(stopp)q(ed)g(job.)32 b(The)19 b Fk(substring)240 2089 y Fl(v)m(alue)g(pro)o(vides)g(functionalit)o (y)g(analogous)f(to)f(the)h Fk(\045?)g Fl(job)g(id)h(\(see)f(Section)h(5.1)e ([Job)h(Con)o(trol)240 2151 y(Basics],)f(page)g(29\).)25 b(If)17 b(set)g(to)f(an)o(y)h(other)f(v)m(alue,)j(the)e(supplied)i(string)e(m)o(ust)g (b)q(e)g(a)g(pre\014x)h(of)e(a)240 2213 y(stopp)q(ed)g(job's)e(name;)h(this)h (pro)o(vides)f(functionalit)o(y)i(analogous)e(to)f(the)i Fk(\045)f Fl(job)g(id.)0 2300 y Fk(notify)96 b Fl(Setting)18 b(this)g(v)m(ariable)g(to) f(a)g(v)m(alue)i(is)f(equiv)m(alen)o(t)h(to)d(`)p Fk(set)f(-b)p Fl(';)i(unsetting)h(it)g(is)g(equiv)m(alen)o(t)h(to)240 2363 y(`)p Fk(set)14 b(+b)p Fl(')h(\(see)g(Section)h(4.5)e([The)h(Set)h(Builtin],) g(page)f(20\).)p eop %%Page: 32 34 33 bop 0 -83 a Fl(32)1623 b(Bash)15 b(F)l(eatures)p eop %%Page: 33 35 34 bop 0 -83 a Fl(Chapter)15 b(6:)k(Using)d(History)f(In)o(teractiv)o(ely) 1135 b(33)0 158 y Fh(6)41 b(Using)14 b(History)h(In)n(teractiv)n(ely)62 330 y Fl(This)i(c)o(hapter)e(describ)q(es)j(ho)o(w)d(to)h(use)g(the)g(GNU)g (History)f(Library)i(in)o(teractiv)o(ely)l(,)g(from)e(a)g(user's)h(stand-)0 392 y(p)q(oin)o(t.)23 b(It)16 b(should)h(b)q(e)f(considered)i(a)d(user's)h (guide.)23 b(F)l(or)15 b(information)h(on)g(using)h(the)f(GNU)g(History)f (Library)0 454 y(in)h(y)o(our)f(o)o(wn)f(programs,)g(see)i(the)f(GNU)g (Readline)i(Library)f(Man)o(ual.)0 663 y Fj(6.1)33 b(History)15 b(In)n(teraction)62 800 y Fl(The)j(History)g(library)g(pro)o(vides)h(a)e (history)h(expansion)h(feature)e(that)g(is)i(similar)g(to)e(the)h(history)f (expan-)0 862 y(sion)k(pro)o(vided)h(b)o(y)f Fk(csh)p Fl(.)36 b(The)22 b(follo)o(wing)f(text)g(describ)q(es)h(the)f(syn)o(tax)f(used)i(to)e (manipulate)i(the)f(history)0 924 y(information.)62 1061 y(History)11 b(expansion)i(tak)o(es)d(place)i(in)h(t)o(w)o(o)d(parts.)18 b(The)11 b(\014rst)g(is)h(to)f(determine)h(whic)o(h)g(line)h(from)e(the)g (previous)0 1124 y(history)h(should)h(b)q(e)f(used)h(during)f(substitution.) 20 b(The)12 b(second)g(is)h(to)e(select)h(p)q(ortions)g(of)g(that)f(line)i (for)f(inclusion)0 1186 y(in)o(to)f(the)h(curren)o(t)f(one.)18 b(The)12 b(line)h(selected)f(from)f(the)g(previous)h(history)g(is)f(called)i (the)e Fg(ev)o(en)o(t)p Fl(,)h(and)f(the)h(p)q(ortions)0 1248 y(of)h(that)g(line)i(that)e(are)g(acted)g(up)q(on)h(are)g(called)h Fg(w)o(ords)p Fl(.)j(The)c(line)h(is)f(brok)o(en)f(in)o(to)h(w)o(ords)f(in)h (the)f(same)h(fashion)0 1310 y(that)j(Bash)h(do)q(es,)h(so)e(that)g(sev)o (eral)h(English)i(\(or)d(Unix\))h(w)o(ords)f(surrounded)i(b)o(y)f(quotes)f (are)h(considered)h(as)0 1373 y(one)c(w)o(ord.)0 1565 y Ff(6.1.1)30 b(Ev)n(en)n(t)16 b(Designators)62 1702 y Fl(An)g(ev)o(en)o(t)f(designator)g (is)g(a)g(reference)h(to)f(a)g(command)g(line)i(en)o(try)d(in)i(the)g (history)f(list.)0 1847 y Fk(!)216 b Fl(Start)14 b(a)g(history)h (substitution,)g(except)h(when)f(follo)o(w)o(ed)g(b)o(y)g(a)f(space,)h(tab,)f (the)h(end)g(of)g(the)g(line,)240 1909 y Fk(=)g Fl(or)g Fk(\()p Fl(.)0 1989 y Fk(!!)192 b Fl(Refer)16 b(to)e(the)i(previous)f(command.)20 b(This)c(is)g(a)f(synon)o(ym)g(for)f Fk(!-1)p Fl(.)0 2068 y Fk(!n)192 b Fl(Refer)16 b(to)e(command)h(line)i Fg(n)p Fl(.)0 2148 y Fk(!-n)168 b Fl(Refer)16 b(to)e(the)i(command)f Fg(n)g Fl(lines)i(bac)o(k.)0 2227 y Fk(!string)72 b Fl(Refer)16 b(to)e(the)i(most)e (recen)o(t)h(command)g(starting)g(with)g Fg(string)p Fl(.)0 2298 y Fk(!?string)p Fl([)p Fk(?)p Fl(])240 2360 y(Refer)h(to)e(the)i(most)e (recen)o(t)h(command)g(con)o(taining)h Fg(string)p Fl(.)0 2440 y Fk(!#)192 b Fl(The)15 b(en)o(tire)h(command)f(line)i(t)o(yp)q(ed)f(so)e (far.)0 2510 y Fk(^string1^string2^)240 2573 y Fl(Quic)o(k)j(Substitution.)22 b(Rep)q(eat)16 b(the)g(last)f(command,)h(replacing)h Fg(string1)h Fl(with)e Fg(string2)p Fl(.)21 b(Equiv-)240 2635 y(alen)o(t)15 b(to)g Fk(!!:s/string1/string2/)p Fl(.)p eop %%Page: 34 36 35 bop 0 -83 a Fl(34)1623 b(Bash)15 b(F)l(eatures)0 158 y Ff(6.1.2)30 b(W)-5 b(ord)15 b(Designators)62 295 y Fl(A)i Fk(:)g Fl(separates)f(the)h(ev) o(en)o(t)f(sp)q(eci\014cation)j(from)d(the)g(w)o(ord)g(designator.)25 b(It)17 b(can)g(b)q(e)g(omitted)g(if)g(the)g(w)o(ord)0 358 y(designator)d(b)q(egins)h(with)f(a)f Fk(^)p Fl(,)h Fk($)p Fl(,)f Fk(*)h Fl(or)f Fk(\045)p Fl(.)20 b(W)l(ords)13 b(are)h(n)o(um)o(b)q (ered)g(from)f(the)h(b)q(eginning)i(of)d(the)h(line,)i(with)e(the)0 420 y(\014rst)h(w)o(ord)f(b)q(eing)j(denoted)f(b)o(y)f(a)g(0)f(\(zero\).)0 569 y Fk(0)h(\(zero\))57 b Fl(The)15 b Fk(0)p Fl(th)g(w)o(ord.)20 b(F)l(or)14 b(man)o(y)h(applications,)h(this)g(is)g(the)f(command)g(w)o(ord.) 0 654 y Fk(n)216 b Fl(The)15 b Fg(n)p Fl(th)h(w)o(ord.)0 740 y Fk(^)216 b Fl(The)15 b(\014rst)g(argumen)o(t;)f(that)h(is,)g(w)o(ord)g(1.)0 826 y Fk($)216 b Fl(The)15 b(last)h(argumen)o(t.)0 912 y Fk(\045)216 b Fl(The)15 b(w)o(ord)g(matc)o(hed)g(b)o(y)g(the)g(most)g(recen)o(t)g Fk(?string?)f Fl(searc)o(h.)0 997 y Fk(x-y)168 b Fl(A)15 b(range)g(of)g(w)o (ords;)f Fk(-)p Fg(y)19 b Fl(abbreviates)c Fk(0-)p Fg(y)t Fl(.)0 1083 y Fk(*)216 b Fl(All)17 b(of)f(the)g(w)o(ords,)f(except)i(the)f Fk(0)p Fl(th.)22 b(This)17 b(is)f(a)g(synon)o(ym)g(for)f Fk(1-$)p Fl(.)22 b(It)17 b(is)f(not)g(an)g(error)f(to)h(use)240 1145 y Fk(*)f Fl(if)h(there)f(is)h(just)f(one)g(w)o(ord)f(in)i(the)g(ev)o(en)o(t;) e(the)i(empt)o(y)e(string)i(is)f(returned)h(in)g(that)e(case.)0 1231 y Fk(x*)192 b Fl(Abbreviates)16 b Fk(x-$)0 1317 y(x-)192 b Fl(Abbreviates)16 b Fk(x-$)f Fl(lik)o(e)h Fk(x*)p Fl(,)e(but)i(omits)f(the) g(last)g(w)o(ord.)0 1522 y Ff(6.1.3)30 b(Mo)r(di\014ers)62 1659 y Fl(After)20 b(the)f(optional)i(w)o(ord)e(designator,)h(y)o(ou)f(can)h (add)g(a)g(sequence)h(of)e(one)h(or)f(more)g(of)g(the)h(follo)o(wing)0 1721 y(mo)q(di\014ers,)c(eac)o(h)f(preceded)i(b)o(y)e(a)g Fk(:)p Fl(.)0 1870 y Fk(h)216 b Fl(Remo)o(v)o(e)15 b(a)g(trailing)h(pathname)f(comp) q(onen)o(t,)g(lea)o(ving)h(only)g(the)f(head.)0 1955 y Fk(r)216 b Fl(Remo)o(v)o(e)15 b(a)g(trailing)h(su\016x)f(of)g(the)g(form)g(`)p Fk(.)p Fl(')p Fg(su\016x)p Fl(,)f(lea)o(ving)i(the)f(basename.)0 2041 y Fk(e)216 b Fl(Remo)o(v)o(e)15 b(all)h(but)g(the)f(trailing)h(su\016x.) 0 2127 y Fk(t)216 b Fl(Remo)o(v)o(e)15 b(all)h(leading)h(pathname)e(comp)q (onen)o(ts,)g(lea)o(ving)h(the)f(tail.)0 2213 y Fk(p)216 b Fl(Prin)o(t)15 b(the)g(new)h(command)f(but)g(do)g(not)g(execute)h(it.)0 2299 y Fk(q)216 b Fl(Quote)15 b(the)h(substituted)g(w)o(ords,)e(escaping)i (further)f(substitutions.)0 2384 y Fk(x)216 b Fl(Quote)22 b(the)f (substituted)h(w)o(ords)f(as)g(with)h Fk(q)p Fl(,)h(but)e(break)h(in)o(to)f (w)o(ords)g(at)g(spaces,)i(tabs,)f(and)240 2447 y(newlines.)0 2521 y Fk(s/old/new/)240 2583 y Fl(Substitute)16 b Fg(new)k Fl(for)15 b(the)h(\014rst)f(o)q(ccurrence)h(of)g Fg(old)h Fl(in)g(the)e(ev)o (en)o(t)h(line.)22 b(An)o(y)16 b(delimiter)h(ma)o(y)e(b)q(e)240 2645 y(used)e(in)f(place)h(of)f Fk(/)p Fl(.)19 b(The)12 b(delimiter)i(ma)o(y) d(b)q(e)i(quoted)f(in)h Fg(old)h Fl(and)e Fg(new)17 b Fl(with)12 b(a)g(single)h(bac)o(kslash.)p eop %%Page: 35 37 36 bop 0 -83 a Fl(Chapter)15 b(6:)k(Using)d(History)f(In)o(teractiv)o(ely) 1135 b(35)240 158 y(If)13 b Fk(&)h Fl(app)q(ears)f(in)h Fg(new)p Fl(,)f(it)h(is)g(replaced)g(b)o(y)f Fg(old)p Fl(.)20 b(A)13 b(single)i(bac)o(kslash)e(will)i(quote)e(the)h Fk(&)p Fl(.)19 b(The)13 b(\014nal)240 221 y(delimiter)k(is)f(optional)g(if)f(it)h(is)f(the)h (last)f(c)o(haracter)f(on)h(the)h(input)g(line.)0 308 y Fk(&)216 b Fl(Rep)q(eat)16 b(the)f(previous)h(substitution.)0 395 y Fk(g)216 b Fl(Cause)15 b(c)o(hanges)g(to)f(b)q(e)i(applied)h(o)o(v)o(er)d (the)h(en)o(tire)g(ev)o(en)o(t)g(line.)21 b(Used)16 b(in)g(conjunction)g (with)f Fk(s)p Fl(,)f(as)240 457 y(in)i Fk(gs/old/new/)p Fl(,)d(or)i(with)h Fk(&)p Fl(.)p eop %%Page: 36 38 37 bop 0 -83 a Fl(36)1623 b(Bash)15 b(F)l(eatures)p eop %%Page: 37 39 38 bop 0 -83 a Fl(Chapter)15 b(7:)k(Command)c(Line)i(Editing)1205 b(37)0 158 y Fh(7)41 b(Command)16 b(Line)f(Editing)62 383 y Fl(This)h(c)o(hapter)f(describ)q(es)i(the)e(basic)h(features)f(of)g(the)g (GNU)g(command)g(line)i(editing)f(in)o(terface.)0 676 y Fj(7.1)33 b(In)n(tro)r(duction)17 b(to)e(Line)h(Editing)62 820 y Fl(The)g(follo)o(wing) g(paragraphs)e(describ)q(e)j(the)e(notation)g(used)h(to)e(represen)o(t)i(k)o (eystrok)o(es.)62 965 y(The)f(text)e Fk(C-K)h Fl(is)g(read)g(as)g(`Con)o (trol-K')f(and)h(describ)q(es)i(the)e(c)o(haracter)f(pro)q(duced)i(when)g (the)f(Con)o(trol)f(k)o(ey)0 1027 y(is)j(depressed)g(and)f(the)h Fk(K)f Fl(k)o(ey)g(is)g(struc)o(k.)62 1172 y(The)i(text)f Fk(M-K)g Fl(is)i(read)e(as)g(`Meta-K')g(and)h(describ)q(es)h(the)f(c)o(haracter)f(pro) q(duced)h(when)h(the)e(meta)g(k)o(ey)h(\(if)0 1234 y(y)o(ou)g(ha)o(v)o(e)f (one\))h(is)g(depressed,)h(and)f(the)g Fk(K)g Fl(k)o(ey)g(is)g(struc)o(k.)25 b(If)17 b(y)o(ou)f(do)h(not)g(ha)o(v)o(e)f(a)h(meta)f(k)o(ey)l(,)h(the)g (iden)o(tical)0 1296 y(k)o(eystrok)o(e)i(can)g(b)q(e)i(generated)e(b)o(y)h(t) o(yping)f Fk(ESC)h Fg(\014rst)p Fl(,)g(and)f(then)h(t)o(yping)g Fk(K)p Fl(.)33 b(Either)20 b(pro)q(cess)g(is)g(kno)o(wn)f(as)0 1358 y Fg(metafying)g Fl(the)c Fk(K)g Fl(k)o(ey)l(.)62 1503 y(The)h(text)e Fk(M-C-K)g Fl(is)i(read)f(as)f(`Meta-Con)o(trol-k')g(and)h (describ)q(es)h(the)g(c)o(haracter)e(pro)q(duced)i(b)o(y)f Fg(metafying)0 1565 y Fk(C-K)p Fl(.)62 1710 y(In)i(addition,)h(sev)o(eral)e (k)o(eys)g(ha)o(v)o(e)g(their)h(o)o(wn)f(names.)23 b(Sp)q(eci\014cally)m(,)c Fk(DEL)p Fl(,)d Fk(ESC)p Fl(,)f Fk(LFD)p Fl(,)h Fk(SPC)p Fl(,)g Fk(RET)p Fl(,)g(and)g Fk(TAB)0 1772 y Fl(all)e(stand)f(for)f(themselv)o(es)i (when)f(seen)h(in)g(this)f(text,)g(or)g(in)g(an)g(init)i(\014le)f(\(see)f (Section)h(7.3)e([Readline)j(Init)f(File],)0 1834 y(page)h(40,)f(for)h(more)g (info\).)0 2127 y Fj(7.2)33 b(Readline)16 b(In)n(teraction)62 2271 y Fl(Often)g(during)h(an)f(in)o(teractiv)o(e)g(session)h(y)o(ou)e(t)o (yp)q(e)h(in)h(a)f(long)g(line)h(of)f(text,)f(only)h(to)g(notice)g(that)f (the)h(\014rst)0 2334 y(w)o(ord)d(on)i(the)f(line)i(is)e(missp)q(elled.)23 b(The)14 b(Readline)i(library)f(giv)o(es)g(y)o(ou)e(a)h(set)g(of)g(commands)g (for)f(manipulating)0 2396 y(the)18 b(text)g(as)g(y)o(ou)g(t)o(yp)q(e)g(it)h (in,)g(allo)o(wing)g(y)o(ou)f(to)g(just)g(\014x)g(y)o(our)g(t)o(yp)q(o,)g (and)h(not)f(forcing)g(y)o(ou)g(to)g(ret)o(yp)q(e)g(the)0 2458 y(ma)s(jorit)o(y)d(of)h(the)g(line.)25 b(Using)17 b(these)g(editing)h (commands,)e(y)o(ou)g(mo)o(v)o(e)f(the)i(cursor)f(to)g(the)g(place)h(that)f (needs)0 2521 y(correction,)g(and)h(delete)g(or)f(insert)g(the)h(text)e(of)h (the)g(corrections.)23 b(Then,)17 b(when)g(y)o(ou)f(are)g(satis\014ed)g(with) h(the)0 2583 y(line,)h(y)o(ou)e(simply)i(press)f Fk(RETURN)p Fl(.)23 b(Y)l(ou)17 b(do)f(not)g(ha)o(v)o(e)g(to)g(b)q(e)i(at)e(the)g(end)h (of)f(the)h(line)h(to)e(press)h Fk(RETURN)p Fl(;)f(the)0 2645 y(en)o(tire)g(line)h(is)e(accepted)h(regardless)f(of)g(the)g(lo)q(cation)h (of)f(the)h(cursor)e(within)j(the)e(line.)p eop %%Page: 38 40 39 bop 0 -83 a Fl(38)1623 b(Bash)15 b(F)l(eatures)0 158 y Ff(7.2.1)30 b(Readline)15 b(Bare)g(Essen)n(tials)62 295 y Fl(In)f(order)f(to)f(en)o(ter)h (c)o(haracters)g(in)o(to)g(the)g(line,)i(simply)f(t)o(yp)q(e)f(them.)19 b(The)14 b(t)o(yp)q(ed)f(c)o(haracter)f(app)q(ears)i(where)0 358 y(the)h(cursor)h(w)o(as,)e(and)h(then)h(the)g(cursor)f(mo)o(v)o(es)f(one) i(space)g(to)e(the)i(righ)o(t.)k(If)c(y)o(ou)f(mist)o(yp)q(e)h(a)f(c)o (haracter,)f(y)o(ou)0 420 y(can)h(use)h(y)o(our)f(erase)g(c)o(haracter)f(to)h (bac)o(k)g(up)g(and)h(delete)g(the)f(mist)o(yp)q(ed)h(c)o(haracter.)62 557 y(Sometimes)f(y)o(ou)e(ma)o(y)h(miss)g(t)o(yping)g(a)g(c)o(haracter)g (that)f(y)o(ou)h(w)o(an)o(ted)f(to)g(t)o(yp)q(e,)h(and)h(not)e(notice)i(y)o (our)f(error)0 619 y(un)o(til)k(y)o(ou)e(ha)o(v)o(e)g(t)o(yp)q(ed)h(sev)o (eral)g(other)f(c)o(haracters.)23 b(In)18 b(that)d(case,)i(y)o(ou)f(can)h(t)o (yp)q(e)g Fk(C-B)f Fl(to)g(mo)o(v)o(e)g(the)g(cursor)0 681 y(to)f(the)h(left,)g(and)g(then)g(correct)f(y)o(our)h(mistak)o(e.)21 b(Afterw)o(ards,)14 b(y)o(ou)i(can)g(mo)o(v)o(e)f(the)h(cursor)f(to)g(the)h (righ)o(t)g(with)0 744 y Fk(C-F)p Fl(.)62 881 y(When)i(y)o(ou)f(add)g(text)g (in)h(the)f(middle)i(of)e(a)g(line,)i(y)o(ou)e(will)i(notice)e(that)g(c)o (haracters)f(to)h(the)g(righ)o(t)g(of)g(the)0 943 y(cursor)h(are)h(`pushed)g (o)o(v)o(er')e(to)h(mak)o(e)g(ro)q(om)g(for)g(the)h(text)f(that)g(y)o(ou)g (ha)o(v)o(e)h(inserted.)31 b(Lik)o(ewise,)20 b(when)f(y)o(ou)0 1005 y(delete)f(text)f(b)q(ehind)i(the)f(cursor,)f(c)o(haracters)f(to)h(the)g (righ)o(t)g(of)g(the)h(cursor)f(are)g(`pulled)i(bac)o(k')d(to)h(\014ll)i(in)f (the)0 1067 y(blank)g(space)f(created)g(b)o(y)g(the)h(remo)o(v)m(al)f(of)f (the)i(text.)25 b(A)17 b(list)h(of)e(the)h(basic)h(bare)f(essen)o(tials)h (for)e(editing)j(the)0 1130 y(text)c(of)f(an)i(input)g(line)h(follo)o(ws.)0 1279 y Fk(C-B)168 b Fl(Mo)o(v)o(e)14 b(bac)o(k)h(one)h(c)o(haracter.)0 1366 y Fk(C-F)168 b Fl(Mo)o(v)o(e)14 b(forw)o(ard)g(one)h(c)o(haracter.)0 1454 y Fk(DEL)168 b Fl(Delete)16 b(the)f(c)o(haracter)g(to)f(the)h(left)h(of) f(the)g(cursor.)0 1541 y Fk(C-D)168 b Fl(Delete)16 b(the)f(c)o(haracter)g (underneath)h(the)f(cursor.)0 1615 y(Prin)o(ting)h(c)o(haracters)240 1678 y(Insert)f(the)h(c)o(haracter)e(in)o(to)h(the)h(line)h(at)d(the)h (cursor.)0 1765 y Fk(C-_)168 b Fl(Undo)15 b(the)h(last)f(thing)h(that)e(y)o (ou)h(did.)21 b(Y)l(ou)15 b(can)h(undo)f(all)h(the)g(w)o(a)o(y)e(bac)o(k)h (to)f(an)i(empt)o(y)e(line.)0 1973 y Ff(7.2.2)30 b(Readline)15 b(Mo)n(v)n(emen)n(t)h(Commands)62 2110 y Fl(The)c(ab)q(o)o(v)o(e)g(table)g (describ)q(es)i(the)e(most)f(basic)h(p)q(ossible)i(k)o(eystrok)o(es)d(that)g (y)o(ou)g(need)i(in)g(order)f(to)f(do)h(editing)0 2172 y(of)g(the)h(input)h (line.)21 b(F)l(or)12 b(y)o(our)g(con)o(v)o(enience,)i(man)o(y)f(other)f (commands)h(ha)o(v)o(e)f(b)q(een)i(added)f(in)h(addition)g(to)e Fk(C-B)p Fl(,)0 2234 y Fk(C-F)p Fl(,)i Fk(C-D)p Fl(,)h(and)g Fk(DEL)p Fl(.)20 b(Here)15 b(are)g(some)g(commands)g(for)f(mo)o(ving)h(more)g (rapidly)i(ab)q(out)e(the)g(line.)0 2384 y Fk(C-A)168 b Fl(Mo)o(v)o(e)14 b(to)h(the)g(start)f(of)h(the)g(line.)0 2471 y Fk(C-E)168 b Fl(Mo)o(v)o(e)14 b(to)h(the)g(end)h(of)f(the)g(line.)0 2558 y Fk(M-F)168 b Fl(Mo)o(v)o(e)14 b(forw)o(ard)g(a)h(w)o(ord.)0 2645 y Fk(M-B)168 b Fl(Mo)o(v)o(e)14 b(bac)o(kw)o(ard)h(a)g(w)o(ord.)p eop %%Page: 39 41 40 bop 0 -83 a Fl(Chapter)15 b(7:)k(Command)c(Line)i(Editing)1205 b(39)0 158 y Fk(C-L)168 b Fl(Clear)15 b(the)h(screen,)f(reprin)o(ting)h(the)f (curren)o(t)g(line)i(at)e(the)g(top.)62 325 y(Notice)22 b(ho)o(w)e Fk(C-F)h Fl(mo)o(v)o(es)f(forw)o(ard)g(a)g(c)o(haracter,)i(while)g Fk(M-F)f Fl(mo)o(v)o(es)f(forw)o(ard)g(a)h(w)o(ord.)36 b(It)21 b(is)h(a)f(lo)q(ose)0 387 y(con)o(v)o(en)o(tion)15 b(that)g(con)o(trol)g(k)o (eystrok)o(es)f(op)q(erate)h(on)g(c)o(haracters)f(while)j(meta)e(k)o(eystrok) o(es)f(op)q(erate)h(on)g(w)o(ords.)0 671 y Ff(7.2.3)30 b(Readline)15 b(Killing)g(Commands)62 816 y Fg(Killing)25 b Fl(text)18 b(means)g(to)f (delete)i(the)g(text)e(from)h(the)g(line,)i(but)e(to)g(sa)o(v)o(e)f(it)i(a)o (w)o(a)o(y)d(for)i(later)g(use,)h(usually)0 878 y(b)o(y)c Fg(y)o(anking)k Fl(\(re-inserting\))c(it)g(bac)o(k)g(in)o(to)g(the)g(line.)21 b(If)16 b(the)f(description)h(for)e(a)h(command)f(sa)o(ys)h(that)f(it)h (`kills')0 941 y(text,)f(then)i(y)o(ou)f(can)g(b)q(e)h(sure)f(that)g(y)o(ou)g (can)g(get)g(the)g(text)g(bac)o(k)g(in)h(a)f(di\013eren)o(t)g(\(or)f(the)i (same\))e(place)i(later.)62 1086 y(When)g(y)o(ou)f(use)g(a)g(kill)i(command,) e(the)h(text)e(is)i(sa)o(v)o(ed)f(in)h(a)f Fg(kill-ring)p Fl(.)22 b(An)o(y)16 b(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)f(of)g(consecutiv)o(e)h(kills)0 1148 y(sa)o(v)o(e)g(all)i(of)e(the)h(killed)i(text)d(together,)g(so)g(that)g (when)h(y)o(ou)f(y)o(ank)h(it)g(bac)o(k,)f(y)o(ou)h(get)f(it)h(all.)25 b(The)17 b(kill)h(ring)f(is)0 1211 y(not)e(line)i(sp)q(eci\014c;)g(the)f (text)f(that)g(y)o(ou)g(killed)j(on)d(a)h(previously)g(t)o(yp)q(ed)g(line)h (is)f(a)o(v)m(ailable)i(to)d(b)q(e)h(y)o(ank)o(ed)f(bac)o(k)0 1273 y(later,)g(when)h(y)o(ou)e(are)h(t)o(yping)h(another)e(line.)62 1418 y(Here)i(is)f(the)h(list)g(of)e(commands)h(for)g(killing)j(text.)0 1585 y Fk(C-K)168 b Fl(Kill)17 b(the)f(text)e(from)h(the)g(curren)o(t)g (cursor)g(p)q(osition)h(to)f(the)g(end)h(of)f(the)g(line.)0 1689 y Fk(M-D)168 b Fl(Kill)17 b(from)d(the)h(cursor)g(to)f(the)h(end)g(of)g (the)g(curren)o(t)f(w)o(ord,)g(or)g(if)i(b)q(et)o(w)o(een)f(w)o(ords,)f(to)g (the)h(end)g(of)240 1751 y(the)g(next)h(w)o(ord.)0 1855 y Fk(M-DEL)120 b Fl(Kill)16 b(from)d(the)i(cursor)e(the)h(start)f(of)h(the)g(previous)h(w)o (ord,)e(or)g(if)i(b)q(et)o(w)o(een)f(w)o(ords,)f(to)h(the)g(start)e(of)240 1917 y(the)j(previous)h(w)o(ord.)0 2021 y Fk(C-W)168 b Fl(Kill)18 b(from)e(the)g(cursor)g(to)f(the)h(previous)h(whitespace.)24 b(This)17 b(is)f(di\013eren)o(t)h(than)f Fk(M-DEL)f Fl(b)q(ecause)240 2084 y(the)g(w)o(ord)g(b)q(oundaries)h(di\013er.)62 2250 y(And,)e(here)g(is)h (ho)o(w)e(to)g Fg(y)o(ank)j Fl(the)e(text)f(bac)o(k)g(in)o(to)h(the)f(line.) 22 b(Y)l(anking)14 b(means)g(to)f(cop)o(y)g(the)h(most-recen)o(tly-)0 2312 y(killed)j(text)e(from)g(the)g(kill)i(bu\013er.)0 2479 y Fk(C-Y)168 b Fl(Y)l(ank)15 b(the)h(most)e(recen)o(tly)i(killed)h(text)e (bac)o(k)g(in)o(to)g(the)h(bu\013er)f(at)f(the)i(cursor.)0 2583 y Fk(M-Y)168 b Fl(Rotate)13 b(the)h(kill-ring,)i(and)e(y)o(ank)g(the)g (new)g(top.)19 b(Y)l(ou)14 b(can)g(only)g(do)g(this)g(if)g(the)g(prior)g (command)240 2645 y(is)i Fk(C-Y)e Fl(or)h Fk(M-Y)p Fl(.)p eop %%Page: 40 42 41 bop 0 -83 a Fl(40)1623 b(Bash)15 b(F)l(eatures)0 158 y Ff(7.2.4)30 b(Readline)15 b(Argumen)n(ts)62 305 y Fl(Y)l(ou)k(can)g(pass)f(n)o(umeric)i (argumen)o(ts)d(to)h(Readline)j(commands.)30 b(Sometimes)19 b(the)f(argumen)o(t)g(acts)g(as)g(a)0 367 y(rep)q(eat)f(coun)o(t,)f(other)g (times)g(it)h(is)g(the)g Fg(sign)f Fl(of)g(the)h(argumen)o(t)f(that)f(is)i (signi\014can)o(t.)25 b(If)16 b(y)o(ou)h(pass)f(a)g(negativ)o(e)0 430 y(argumen)o(t)g(to)g(a)h(command)g(whic)o(h)h(normally)f(acts)g(in)h(a)e (forw)o(ard)g(direction,)i(that)f(command)f(will)j(act)d(in)i(a)0 492 y(bac)o(kw)o(ard)13 b(direction.)21 b(F)l(or)13 b(example,)h(to)f(kill)i (text)e(bac)o(k)h(to)f(the)h(start)e(of)h(the)h(line,)h(y)o(ou)e(migh)o(t)h (t)o(yp)q(e)g Fk(M--)f(C-K)p Fl(.)62 639 y(The)19 b(general)g(w)o(a)o(y)f(to) g(pass)g(n)o(umeric)i(argumen)o(ts)e(to)g(a)g(command)h(is)g(to)f(t)o(yp)q(e) g(meta)g(digits)i(b)q(efore)f(the)0 701 y(command.)36 b(If)21 b(the)g(\014rst)f(`digit')h(y)o(ou)g(t)o(yp)q(e)f(is)i(a)e(min)o(us)h(sign)g (\()p Fk(-)p Fl(\),)g(then)g(the)g(sign)g(of)g(the)f(argumen)o(t)g(will)0 763 y(b)q(e)i(negativ)o(e.)40 b(Once)22 b(y)o(ou)f(ha)o(v)o(e)h(t)o(yp)q(ed)g (one)f(meta)g(digit)i(to)e(get)g(the)h(argumen)o(t)f(started,)h(y)o(ou)f(can) h(t)o(yp)q(e)0 826 y(the)c(remainder)h(of)f(the)g(digits,)h(and)f(then)h(the) f(command.)29 b(F)l(or)17 b(example,)i(to)f(giv)o(e)g(the)g Fk(C-D)g Fl(command)g(an)0 888 y(argumen)o(t)c(of)h(10,)f(y)o(ou)h(could)h(t) o(yp)q(e)g Fk(M-1)23 b(0)h(C-D)p Fl(.)0 1201 y Fj(7.3)33 b(Readline)16 b(Init)g(File)62 1348 y Fl(Although)g(the)g(Readline)h(library)g(comes)e (with)h(a)f(set)g(of)g(Emacs-lik)o(e)h(k)o(eybindings)h(installed)g(b)o(y)f (default,)0 1410 y(it)e(is)g(p)q(ossible)i(that)d(y)o(ou)g(w)o(ould)h(lik)o (e)h(to)e(use)h(a)f(di\013eren)o(t)h(set)g(of)f(k)o(eybindings.)21 b(Y)l(ou)14 b(can)g(customize)g(programs)0 1472 y(that)i(use)i(Readline)h(b)o (y)e(putting)h(commands)f(in)h(an)f Fg(init)i Fl(\014le)f(in)g(y)o(our)f (home)g(directory)l(.)26 b(The)18 b(name)f(of)g(this)0 1535 y(\014le)h(is)g(tak)o(en)f(from)g(the)g(v)m(alue)i(of)e(the)g(shell)i(v)m (ariable)g Fk(INPUTRC)p Fl(.)25 b(If)18 b(that)f(v)m(ariable)h(is)g(unset,)g (the)f(default)h(is)0 1597 y(`)p Fk(~/.inputrc)p Fl('.)62 1744 y(When)h(a)g(program)e(whic)o(h)j(uses)f(the)g(Readline)i(library)e(starts)f (up,)h(the)g(init)h(\014le)g(is)f(read,)g(and)g(the)g(k)o(ey)0 1806 y(bindings)e(are)e(set.)62 1953 y(In)j(addition,)h(the)f Fk(C-x)c(C-r)k Fl(command)f(re-reads)g(this)h(init)h(\014le,)g(th)o(us)e (incorp)q(orating)h(an)o(y)f(c)o(hanges)h(that)0 2015 y(y)o(ou)d(migh)o(t)g (ha)o(v)o(e)g(made)g(to)f(it.)0 2311 y Ff(7.3.1)30 b(Readline)15 b(Init)g(Syn)n(tax)62 2458 y Fl(There)h(are)f(only)h(a)f(few)g(basic)h (constructs)f(allo)o(w)o(ed)h(in)g(the)g(Readline)i(init)e(\014le.)22 b(Blank)16 b(lines)h(are)e(ignored.)0 2521 y(Lines)j(b)q(eginning)g(with)f(a) f Fk(#)g Fl(are)g(commen)o(ts.)22 b(Lines)c(b)q(eginning)g(with)f(a)f Fk($)g Fl(indicate)h(conditional)h(constructs)0 2583 y(\(see)d(Section)g (7.3.2)e([Conditional)j(Init)f(Constructs],)f(page)g(43\).)19 b(Other)c(lines)h(denote)f(v)m(ariable)h(settings)f(and)0 2645 y(k)o(ey)g(bindings.)p eop %%Page: 41 43 42 bop 0 -83 a Fl(Chapter)15 b(7:)k(Command)c(Line)i(Editing)1205 b(41)0 158 y(V)l(ariable)16 b(Settings)240 221 y(Y)l(ou)j(can)g(c)o(hange)g (the)g(state)f(of)g(a)g(few)h(v)m(ariables)h(in)g(Readline)h(b)o(y)d(using)i (the)f Fk(set)f Fl(command)240 283 y(within)e(the)f(init)h(\014le.)k(Here)15 b(is)g(ho)o(w)g(y)o(ou)f(w)o(ould)h(sp)q(ecify)h(that)e(y)o(ou)g(wish)i(to)e (use)h Fk(vi)f Fl(line)j(editing)240 345 y(commands:)360 408 y Fk(set)23 b(editing-mode)g(vi)240 484 y Fl(Righ)o(t)14 b(no)o(w,)f(there)h (are)f(only)h(a)f(few)h(v)m(ariables)g(whic)o(h)h(can)f(b)q(e)g(set;)f(so)g (few,)h(in)g(fact,)f(that)g(w)o(e)g(just)240 546 y(list)j(them)f(here:)240 622 y Fk(editing-mode)480 684 y Fl(The)e Fk(editing-mode)e Fl(v)m(ariable)j(con)o(trols)e(whic)o(h)h(editing)h(mo)q(de)f(y)o(ou)f(are)g (using.)20 b(By)480 746 y(default,)f(Readline)h(starts)c(up)i(in)h(Emacs)e (editing)i(mo)q(de,)f(where)g(the)g(k)o(eystrok)o(es)480 808 y(are)c(most)g(similar)h(to)f(Emacs.)19 b(This)c(v)m(ariable)h(can)f(b)q(e)g (set)f(to)g(either)h Fk(emacs)f Fl(or)g Fk(vi)p Fl(.)240 884 y Fk(horizontal-scroll-mode)480 946 y Fl(This)k(v)m(ariable)g(can)f(b)q(e)g (set)g(to)f(either)i Fk(On)f Fl(or)f Fk(Off)p Fl(.)25 b(Setting)17 b(it)g(to)f Fk(On)h Fl(means)g(that)480 1009 y(the)d(text)g(of)f(the)h(lines) i(that)d(y)o(ou)h(edit)h(will)g(scroll)g(horizon)o(tally)g(on)f(a)g(single)h (screen)480 1071 y(line)f(when)f(they)g(are)f(longer)h(than)f(the)h(width)g (of)f(the)g(screen,)h(instead)g(of)g(wrapping)480 1133 y(on)o(to)h(a)h(new)h (screen)f(line.)22 b(By)15 b(default,)h(this)f(v)m(ariable)i(is)f(set)e(to)h Fk(Off)p Fl(.)240 1209 y Fk(mark-modified-lines)480 1271 y Fl(This)h(v)m(ariable,)g(when)g(set)f(to)f Fk(On)p Fl(,)h(sa)o(ys)f(to)g (displa)o(y)j(an)e(asterisk)g(\(`)p Fk(*)p Fl('\))e(at)i(the)g(start)480 1333 y(of)f(history)h(lines)i(whic)o(h)e(ha)o(v)o(e)g(b)q(een)h(mo)q (di\014ed.)21 b(This)15 b(v)m(ariable)h(is)g Fk(off)e Fl(b)o(y)h(default.)240 1409 y Fk(bell-style)480 1471 y Fl(Con)o(trols)h(what)f(happ)q(ens)j(when)f (Readline)h(w)o(an)o(ts)e(to)f(ring)i(the)f(terminal)h(b)q(ell.)26 b(If)480 1533 y(set)13 b(to)g Fk(none)p Fl(,)g(Readline)j(nev)o(er)e(rings)g (the)g(b)q(ell.)21 b(If)14 b(set)f(to)g Fk(visible)p Fl(,)g(Readline)j(uses) 480 1596 y(a)g(visible)j(b)q(ell)g(if)e(one)g(is)g(a)o(v)m(ailable.)27 b(If)17 b(set)f(to)g Fk(audible)g Fl(\(the)h(default\),)g(Readline)480 1658 y(attempts)d(to)h(ring)g(the)h(terminal's)f(b)q(ell.)240 1733 y Fk(comment-begin)480 1796 y Fl(The)21 b(string)h(to)e(insert)i(at)e (the)h(b)q(eginning)j(of)c(the)i(line)g(when)g(the)f Fk(vi-comment)480 1858 y Fl(command)15 b(is)h(executed.)21 b(The)15 b(default)h(v)m(alue)g(is)g Fk("#")p Fl(.)240 1934 y Fk(meta-flag)480 1996 y Fl(If)d(set)g(to)f Fk(on)p Fl(,)g(Readline)j(will)g(enable)f(eigh)o(t-bit)f(input)h(\(it)f(will) h(not)f(strip)g(the)g(eigh)o(th)480 2058 y(bit)i(from)g(the)g(c)o(haracters)f (it)h(reads\),)f(regardless)h(of)g(what)f(the)h(terminal)h(claims)g(it)480 2120 y(can)f(supp)q(ort.)20 b(The)c(default)g(v)m(alue)g(is)g Fk(off)p Fl(.)240 2196 y Fk(convert-meta)480 2258 y Fl(If)23 b(set)f(to)f Fk(on)p Fl(,)j(Readline)h(will)f(con)o(v)o(ert)d(c)o(haracters)h (with)g(the)h(eigth)g(bit)f(set)h(to)480 2320 y(an)17 b(ASCI)q(I)g(k)o(ey)g (sequence)h(b)o(y)e(stripping)i(the)f(eigth)g(bit)g(and)g(prep)q(ending)i(an) d Fk(ESC)480 2383 y Fl(c)o(haracter,)h(con)o(v)o(erting)g(them)g(to)f(a)h (meta-pre\014xed)h(k)o(ey)f(sequence.)27 b(The)17 b(default)480 2445 y(v)m(alue)f(is)g Fk(on)p Fl(.)240 2521 y Fk(output-meta)480 2583 y Fl(If)d(set)f(to)g Fk(on)p Fl(,)h(Readline)i(will)f(displa)o(y)g(c)o (haracters)d(with)i(the)g(eigh)o(th)g(bit)g(set)g(directly)480 2645 y(rather)i(than)g(as)f(a)h(meta-pre\014xed)h(escap)q(e)g(sequence.)21 b(The)16 b(default)f(is)h Fk(off)p Fl(.)p eop %%Page: 42 44 43 bop 0 -83 a Fl(42)1623 b(Bash)15 b(F)l(eatures)240 158 y Fk(completion-query-items)480 221 y Fl(The)d(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)g(of)f(p)q (ossible)j(completions)e(that)f(determines)i(when)f(the)g(user)g(is)g(ask)o (ed)480 283 y(whether)k(he)h(w)o(an)o(ts)d(to)i(see)g(the)g(list)h(of)e(p)q (ossibiliti)q(es.)25 b(If)16 b(the)g(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)h(of)e(p)q(ossible)480 345 y(completions)i(is)f(greater)f(than)h(this)h(v)m(alue,)f(Readline)j(will) e(ask)f(the)g(user)g(whether)480 407 y(or)k(not)h(he)h(wishes)f(to)g(view)g (them;)j(otherwise,)e(they)f(are)g(simply)h(listed.)39 b(The)480 470 y(default)16 b(limit)g(is)g Fk(100)p Fl(.)240 564 y Fk(keymap)96 b Fl(Sets)13 b(Readline's)i(idea)e(of)g(the)g(curren)o(t)f(k)o(eymap)h(for)f (k)o(ey)h(binding)i(commands.)k(Ac-)480 626 y(ceptable)d Fk(keymap)e Fl(names)h(are)g Fk(emacs)p Fl(,)f Fk(emacs-standard)p Fl(,)f Fk(emacs-meta)p Fl(,)g Fk(emacs-)480 688 y(ctlx)p Fl(,)j Fk(vi)p Fl(,)h Fk(vi-move)p Fl(,)f Fk(vi-command)p Fl(,)g(and)h Fk(vi-insert)p Fl(.)23 b Fk(vi)17 b Fl(is)g(equiv)m(alen)o(t)i(to)d Fk(vi-)480 750 y(command)p Fl(;)22 b Fk(emacs)e Fl(is)h(equiv)m(alen)o(t)h(to)e Fk(emacs-standard)p Fl(.)35 b(The)20 b(default)i(v)m(alue)f(is)480 813 y Fk(emacs)p Fl(.)33 b(The)21 b(v)m(alue)g(of)e(the)i Fk(editing-mode)d Fl(v)m(ariable)j(also)f(a\013ects)f(the)h(default)480 875 y(k)o(eymap.)240 953 y Fk(show-all-if-ambiguous)480 1015 y Fl(This)d(alters)f(the)h(default)g (b)q(eha)o(vior)g(of)f(the)g(completion)i(functions.)24 b(If)17 b(set)f(to)g Fk(on)p Fl(,)480 1077 y(w)o(ords)d(whic)o(h)h(ha)o(v)o(e)f(more) h(than)f(one)h(p)q(ossible)h(completion)g(cause)f(the)f(matc)o(hes)h(to)480 1140 y(b)q(e)h(listed)g(immediately)h(instead)f(of)f(ringing)h(the)f(b)q (ell.)22 b(The)14 b(default)h(v)m(alue)g(is)g Fk(off)p Fl(.)240 1218 y Fk(expand-tilde)480 1280 y Fl(If)20 b(set)f(to)g Fk(on)p Fl(,)h(tilde)h(expansion)f(is)g(p)q(erformed)g(when)g(Readline)i(attempts)d (w)o(ord)480 1342 y(completion.)i(The)15 b(default)h(is)g Fk(off)p Fl(.)0 1420 y(Key)g(Bindings)240 1483 y(The)k(syn)o(tax)f(for)g(con)o (trolling)i(k)o(ey)e(bindings)j(in)e(the)g(init)h(\014le)g(is)f(simple.)35 b(First)19 b(y)o(ou)g(ha)o(v)o(e)h(to)240 1545 y(kno)o(w)13 b(the)h(name)g(of)f(the)h(command)g(that)f(y)o(ou)g(w)o(an)o(t)g(to)g(c)o (hange.)20 b(The)14 b(follo)o(wing)g(pages)g(con)o(tain)240 1607 y(tables)i(of)f(the)h(command)g(name,)f(the)h(default)g(k)o(eybinding,)i (and)e(a)f(short)g(description)i(of)f(what)240 1669 y(the)f(command)g(do)q (es.)240 1748 y(Once)h(y)o(ou)e(kno)o(w)g(the)h(name)g(of)f(the)h(command,)f (simply)i(place)g(the)f(name)f(of)h(the)f(k)o(ey)h(y)o(ou)f(wish)240 1810 y(to)g(bind)j(the)e(command)g(to,)f(a)g(colon,)i(and)f(then)g(the)g (name)g(of)g(the)g(command)g(on)g(a)f(line)j(in)f(the)240 1872 y(init)h(\014le.)22 b(The)16 b(name)g(of)f(the)h(k)o(ey)f(can)h(b)q(e)g (expressed)h(in)f(di\013eren)o(t)g(w)o(a)o(ys,)f(dep)q(ending)i(on)f(whic)o (h)240 1934 y(is)g(most)e(comfortable)h(for)g(y)o(ou.)240 2012 y Fg(k)o(eyname)s Fl(:)k Fg(function-name)g Fl(or)c Fg(macro)480 2075 y(k)o(eyname)j Fl(is)d(the)h(name)f(of)g(a)g(k)o(ey)g(sp)q(elled)i(out)e (in)h(English.)21 b(F)l(or)15 b(example:)600 2140 y Fk(Control-u:)22 b(universal-argument)600 2190 y(Meta-Rubout:)g(backward-kill-word)600 2240 y(Control-o:)g(">&output")480 2318 y Fl(In)12 b(the)g(ab)q(o)o(v)o(e)f (example,)h(`)p Fk(C-u)p Fl(')f(is)h(b)q(ound)g(to)f(the)h(function)g Fk(universal-argument)p Fl(,)480 2380 y(and)h(`)p Fk(C-o)p Fl(')f(is)h(b)q(ound)h(to)f(run)g(the)g(macro)f(expressed)i(on)f(the)g(righ)o (t)g(hand)g(side)h(\(that)480 2442 y(is,)h(to)g(insert)h(the)f(text)g(`)p Fk(>&output)p Fl(')e(in)o(to)i(the)g(line\).)240 2521 y Fk(")p Fg(k)o(eyseq)q Fk(")p Fl(:)20 b Fg(function-name)e Fl(or)d Fg(macro)480 2583 y(k)o(eyseq)j Fl(di\013ers)f(from)f Fg(k)o(eyname)k Fl(ab)q(o)o(v)o(e)c(in)i(that)e(strings)h(denoting)h(an)f(en)o(tire)g(k)o(ey) 480 2645 y(sequence)i(can)f(b)q(e)h(sp)q(eci\014ed,)i(b)o(y)d(placing)h(the)f (k)o(ey)g(sequence)h(in)g(double)h(quotes.)p eop %%Page: 43 45 44 bop 0 -83 a Fl(Chapter)15 b(7:)k(Command)c(Line)i(Editing)1205 b(43)480 158 y(Some)18 b(GNU)g(Emacs)f(st)o(yle)h(k)o(ey)g(escap)q(es)g(can)g (b)q(e)h(used,)g(as)e(in)i(the)f(follo)o(wing)h(ex-)480 221 y(ample,)c(but)h(the)f(sp)q(ecial)i(c)o(haracter)e(names)g(are)g(not)f (recognized.)600 283 y Fk("\\C-u":)23 b(universal-argument)600 333 y("\\C-x\\C-r":)f(re-read-init-file)600 383 y("\\e[11~":)h("Function)f (Key)i(1")480 457 y Fl(In)13 b(the)g(ab)q(o)o(v)o(e)g(example,)g(`)p Fk(C-u)p Fl(')f(is)h(b)q(ound)h(to)e(the)h(function)g Fk(universal-argument) 480 519 y Fl(\(just)g(as)f(it)i(w)o(as)e(in)i(the)f(\014rst)g(example\),)h(`) p Fk(C-x)g(C-r)p Fl(')f(is)g(b)q(ound)i(to)d(the)h(function)h Fk(re-)480 582 y(read-init-file)p Fl(,)g(and)i(`)p Fk(ESC)e([)h(1)g(1)g(~)p Fl(')h(is)g(b)q(ound)h(to)f(insert)g(the)g(text)f(`)p Fk(Function)480 644 y(Key)g(1)p Fl('.)24 b(The)18 b(follo)o(wing)f(escap)q(e)h(sequences)g (are)f(a)o(v)m(ailable)i(when)e(sp)q(ecifying)i(k)o(ey)480 706 y(sequences:)480 793 y Fk(\\C-)168 b Fl(con)o(trol)15 b(pre\014x)480 881 y Fk(\\M-)168 b Fl(meta)15 b(pre\014x)480 968 y Fk(\\e)192 b Fl(an)15 b(escap)q(e)h(c)o(haracter)480 1055 y Fk(\\\\)192 b Fl(bac)o(kslash)480 1142 y Fk(\\")g(")480 1229 y(\\')g(')480 1317 y Fl(When)14 b(en)o(tering)h(the)f(text)f(of)h(a)f(macro,)g(single)j(or) d(double)i(quotes)f(should)h(b)q(e)f(used)480 1379 y(to)g(indicate)j(a)e (macro)f(de\014nition.)22 b(Unquoted)15 b(text)g(is)g(assumed)g(to)g(b)q(e)g (a)g(function)480 1441 y(name.)27 b(Bac)o(kslash)18 b(will)h(quote)e(an)o(y)g (c)o(haracter)g(in)h(the)g(macro)f(text,)g(including)j Fk(")480 1503 y Fl(and)c Fk(')p Fl(.)22 b(F)l(or)16 b(example,)h(the)f(follo)o(wing)h (binding)h(will)f(mak)o(e)f Fk(C-x)f(\\)g Fl(insert)i(a)f(single)480 1566 y Fk(\\)f Fl(in)o(to)g(the)g(line:)600 1628 y Fk("\\C-x\\\\":)23 b("\\\\")0 1836 y Ff(7.3.2)30 b(Conditional)15 b(Init)g(Constructs)62 1973 y Fl(Readline)j(implemen)o(ts)e(a)f(facilit)o(y)h(similar)g(in)g(spirit) g(to)f(the)g(conditional)i(compilation)f(features)f(of)g(the)g(C)0 2035 y(prepro)q(cessor)f(whic)o(h)h(allo)o(ws)f(k)o(ey)g(bindings)h(and)f(v)m (ariable)i(settings)e(to)f(b)q(e)h(p)q(erformed)h(as)e(the)h(result)g(of)g (tests.)0 2097 y(There)h(are)g(three)h(parser)e(directiv)o(es)j(used.)0 2247 y Fk($if)168 b Fl(The)14 b Fk($if)e Fl(construct)h(allo)o(ws)h(bindings) h(to)e(b)q(e)h(made)f(based)h(on)f(the)h(editing)g(mo)q(de,)g(the)f(terminal) 240 2309 y(b)q(eing)k(used,)e(or)g(the)g(application)i(using)f(Readline.)22 b(The)16 b(text)f(of)g(the)g(test)g(extends)g(to)g(the)g(end)240 2371 y(of)g(the)g(line;)i(no)e(c)o(haracters)f(are)h(required)h(to)f(isolate) g(it.)240 2458 y Fk(mode)144 b Fl(The)19 b Fk(mode=)f Fl(form)g(of)h(the)g Fk($if)f Fl(directiv)o(e)i(is)f(used)h(to)e(test)g(whether)h(Readline)i(is) 480 2521 y(in)h Fk(emacs)f Fl(or)f Fk(vi)h Fl(mo)q(de.)38 b(This)22 b(ma)o(y)f(b)q(e)h(used)g(in)g(conjunction)g(with)f(the)h(`)p Fk(set)480 2583 y(keymap)p Fl(')d(command,)i(for)e(instance,)j(to)d(set)h (bindings)i(in)f(the)f Fk(emacs-standard)480 2645 y Fl(and)15 b Fk(emacs-ctlx)f Fl(k)o(eymaps)h(only)h(if)f(Readline)j(is)e(starting)e(out) h(in)h Fk(emacs)f Fl(mo)q(de.)p eop %%Page: 44 46 45 bop 0 -83 a Fl(44)1623 b(Bash)15 b(F)l(eatures)240 158 y Fk(term)144 b Fl(The)21 b Fk(term=)f Fl(form)g(ma)o(y)h(b)q(e)g(used)h(to)e (include)j(terminal-sp)q(eci\014c)h(k)o(ey)c(bindings,)480 221 y(p)q(erhaps)15 b(to)f(bind)j(the)d(k)o(ey)h(sequences)h(output)e(b)o(y)h (the)g(terminal's)g(function)h(k)o(eys.)480 283 y(The)f(w)o(ord)g(on)f(the)i (righ)o(t)e(side)i(of)f(the)g(`)p Fk(=)p Fl(')f(is)h(tested)g(against)g(the)g (full)h(name)f(of)g(the)480 345 y(terminal)k(and)g(the)g(p)q(ortion)g(of)f (the)h(terminal)g(name)g(b)q(efore)g(the)g(\014rst)f(`)p Fk(-)p Fl('.)29 b(This)480 407 y(allo)o(ws)15 b Fg(sun)h Fl(to)e(matc)o(h)h(b)q(oth) g Fg(sun)h Fl(and)f Fg(sun-cmd)p Fl(,)h(for)f(instance.)240 485 y Fk(application)480 547 y Fl(The)j Fg(application)i Fl(construct)e(is)g (used)h(to)e(include)k(application-sp)q(eci\014c)g(settings.)480 610 y(Eac)o(h)d(program)g(using)h(the)f(Readline)j(library)e(sets)f(the)h Fg(application)h(name)p Fl(,)f(and)480 672 y(y)o(ou)c(can)h(test)f(for)g(it.) 21 b(This)16 b(could)g(b)q(e)h(used)f(to)e(bind)j(k)o(ey)f(sequences)g(to)f (functions)480 734 y(useful)h(for)e(a)h(sp)q(eci\014c)i(program.)h(F)l(or)d (instance,)g(the)g(follo)o(wing)h(command)e(adds)h(a)480 796 y(k)o(ey)g(sequence)h(that)f(quotes)g(the)g(curren)o(t)g(or)g(previous)h(w)o (ord)e(in)i(Bash:)600 862 y Fk($if)23 b(bash)600 911 y(#)h(Quote)f(the)g (current)g(or)h(previous)f(word)600 961 y("\\C-xq":)g("\\eb\\"\\ef\\"")600 1011 y($endif)0 1104 y($endif)96 b Fl(This)16 b(command,)e(as)h(y)o(ou)g(sa)o (w)g(in)h(the)f(previous)h(example,)f(terminates)h(an)f Fk($if)f Fl(command.)0 1197 y Fk($else)120 b Fl(Commands)15 b(in)h(this)f(branc)o(h)h (of)e(the)i Fk($if)e Fl(directiv)o(e)j(are)e(executed)h(if)g(the)f(test)g (fails.)0 1447 y Fj(7.4)33 b(Bindable)16 b(Readline)h(Commands)0 1681 y Ff(7.4.1)30 b(Commands)15 b(F)-5 b(or)15 b(Mo)n(ving)0 1821 y Fk(beginning-of-line)e(\(C-a\))240 1883 y Fl(Mo)o(v)o(e)h(to)h(the)g (start)f(of)h(the)g(curren)o(t)g(line.)0 1961 y Fk(end-of-line)f(\(C-e\))240 2023 y Fl(Mo)o(v)o(e)g(to)h(the)g(end)h(of)f(the)g(line.)0 2101 y Fk(forward-char)f(\(C-f\))240 2163 y Fl(Mo)o(v)o(e)g(forw)o(ard)g(a)h (c)o(haracter.)0 2241 y Fk(backward-char)e(\(C-b\))240 2303 y Fl(Mo)o(v)o(e)h(bac)o(k)h(a)g(c)o(haracter.)0 2381 y Fk(forward-word)f (\(M-f\))240 2443 y Fl(Mo)o(v)o(e)g(forw)o(ard)g(to)h(the)g(end)h(of)f(the)g (next)g(w)o(ord.)k(W)l(ords)c(are)g(comp)q(osed)h(of)e(letters)i(and)f (digits.)0 2521 y Fk(backward-word)e(\(M-b\))240 2583 y Fl(Mo)o(v)o(e)j(bac)o (k)g(to)g(the)h(start)f(of)g(this,)h(or)g(the)f(previous,)i(w)o(ord.)24 b(W)l(ords)16 b(are)g(comp)q(osed)i(of)e(letters)240 2645 y(and)f(digits.)p eop %%Page: 45 47 46 bop 0 -83 a Fl(Chapter)15 b(7:)k(Command)c(Line)i(Editing)1205 b(45)0 158 y Fk(clear-screen)14 b(\(C-l\))240 221 y Fl(Clear)h(the)g(screen)g (and)g(redra)o(w)f(the)h(curren)o(t)g(line,)h(lea)o(ving)g(the)f(curren)o(t)f (line)j(at)d(the)h(top)f(of)h(the)240 283 y(screen.)0 361 y Fk(redraw-current-line)e(\(\))240 423 y Fl(Refresh)j(the)f(curren)o(t)g (line.)22 b(By)15 b(default,)h(this)f(is)h(un)o(b)q(ound.)0 663 y Ff(7.4.2)30 b(Commands)15 b(F)-5 b(or)15 b(Manipulating)g(The)g (History)0 804 y Fk(accept-line)f(\(Newline,)g(Return\))240 866 y Fl(Accept)k(the)g(line)h(regardless)f(of)f(where)h(the)g(cursor)f(is.) 28 b(If)18 b(this)g(line)h(is)g(non-empt)o(y)l(,)f(add)g(it)g(to)240 928 y(the)d(history)f(list)h(according)g(to)f(the)g(setting)h(of)f(the)g Fk(HISTCONTROL)f Fl(v)m(ariable.)21 b(If)15 b(this)g(line)h(w)o(as)d(a)240 990 y(history)i(line,)i(then)e(restore)g(the)g(history)g(line)i(to)e(its)g (original)h(state.)0 1069 y Fk(previous-history)d(\(C-p\))240 1131 y Fl(Mo)o(v)o(e)h(`up')h(through)g(the)g(history)g(list.)0 1209 y Fk(next-history)f(\(C-n\))240 1272 y Fl(Mo)o(v)o(e)g(`do)o(wn')g (through)h(the)h(history)f(list.)0 1350 y Fk(beginning-of-history)d(\(M-<\)) 240 1412 y Fl(Mo)o(v)o(e)i(to)h(the)g(\014rst)g(line)i(in)f(the)f(history)l (.)0 1490 y Fk(end-of-history)e(\(M->\))240 1553 y Fl(Mo)o(v)o(e)h(to)h(the)g (end)h(of)f(the)g(input)h(history)l(,)f(i.e.,)g(the)g(line)i(y)o(ou)e(are)g (en)o(tering.)0 1631 y Fk(reverse-search-history)d(\(C-r\))240 1693 y Fl(Searc)o(h)18 b(bac)o(kw)o(ard)f(starting)g(at)g(the)g(curren)o(t)h (line)h(and)f(mo)o(ving)f(`up')h(through)f(the)h(history)f(as)240 1756 y(necessary)l(.)j(This)c(is)g(an)f(incremen)o(tal)h(searc)o(h.)0 1834 y Fk(forward-search-history)c(\(C-s\))240 1896 y Fl(Searc)o(h)j(forw)o (ard)e(starting)h(at)g(the)g(curren)o(t)h(line)h(and)f(mo)o(ving)f(`do)o(wn') g(through)g(the)g(the)h(history)240 1958 y(as)g(necessary)l(.)20 b(This)c(is)g(an)f(incremen)o(tal)h(searc)o(h.)0 2037 y Fk (non-incremental-reverse-se)o(arch-hi)o(story)c(\(M-p\))240 2099 y Fl(Searc)o(h)18 b(bac)o(kw)o(ard)f(starting)g(at)g(the)g(curren)o(t)h (line)h(and)f(mo)o(ving)f(`up')h(through)f(the)h(history)f(as)240 2161 y(necessary)e(using)h(a)f(non-incremen)o(tal)i(searc)o(h)e(for)g(a)f (string)i(supplied)h(b)o(y)e(the)h(user.)0 2239 y Fk (non-incremental-forward-se)o(arch-hi)o(story)c(\(M-n\))240 2302 y Fl(Searc)o(h)j(forw)o(ard)e(starting)h(at)g(the)g(curren)o(t)h(line)h (and)f(mo)o(ving)f(`do)o(wn')g(through)g(the)g(the)h(history)240 2364 y(as)g(necessary)g(using)h(a)f(non-incremen)o(tal)i(searc)o(h)e(for)f(a) h(string)g(supplied)j(b)o(y)d(the)g(user.)0 2442 y Fk(history-search-forward) d(\(\))240 2505 y Fl(Searc)o(h)h(forw)o(ard)f(through)h(the)g(history)g(for)g (the)g(string)g(of)g(c)o(haracters)f(b)q(et)o(w)o(een)i(the)f(start)f(of)h (the)240 2567 y(curren)o(t)j(line)i(and)e(the)h(curren)o(t)f(p)q(oin)o(t.)23 b(This)17 b(is)f(a)g(non-incremen)o(tal)i(searc)o(h.)23 b(By)16 b(default,)h(this)240 2629 y(command)e(is)h(un)o(b)q(ound.)p eop %%Page: 46 48 47 bop 0 -83 a Fl(46)1623 b(Bash)15 b(F)l(eatures)0 158 y Fk (history-search-backward)d(\(\))240 221 y Fl(Searc)o(h)k(bac)o(kw)o(ard)g (through)g(the)g(history)g(for)g(the)g(string)g(of)g(c)o(haracters)g(b)q(et)o (w)o(een)g(the)g(start)f(of)240 283 y(the)i(curren)o(t)g(line)h(and)f(the)g (curren)o(t)g(p)q(oin)o(t.)25 b(This)17 b(is)g(a)g(non-incremen)o(tal)h (searc)o(h.)25 b(By)17 b(default,)240 345 y(this)f(command)f(is)g(un)o(b)q (ound.)0 425 y Fk(yank-nth-arg)f(\(M-C-y\))240 487 y Fl(Insert)19 b(the)g(\014rst)f(argumen)o(t)g(to)g(the)h(previous)g(command)g(\(usually)g (the)g(second)g(w)o(ord)f(on)h(the)240 550 y(previous)e(line\).)23 b(With)16 b(an)g(argumen)o(t)f Fg(n)p Fl(,)h(insert)h(the)f Fg(n)p Fl(th)g(w)o(ord)f(from)g(the)h(previous)h(command)240 612 y(\(the)d(w)o(ords)g(in)h(the)g(previous)g(command)f(b)q(egin)i(with)f(w) o(ord)f(0\).)19 b(A)14 b(negativ)o(e)h(argumen)o(t)f(inserts)240 674 y(the)h Fg(n)p Fl(th)h(w)o(ord)e(from)h(the)g(end)h(of)e(the)i(previous)g (command.)0 754 y Fk(yank-last-arg)d(\(M-.,)i(M-_\))240 816 y Fl(Insert)k(last)g(argumen)o(t)g(to)f(the)h(previous)h(command)f(\(the)g (last)g(w)o(ord)f(on)h(the)g(previous)h(line\).)240 879 y(With)15 b(an)h(argumen)o(t,)e(b)q(eha)o(v)o(e)h(exactly)h(lik)o(e)g Fk(yank-nth-arg)p Fl(.)0 1134 y Ff(7.4.3)30 b(Commands)15 b(F)-5 b(or)15 b(Changing)g(T)-5 b(ext)0 1276 y Fk(delete-char)14 b(\(C-d\))240 1338 y Fl(Delete)f(the)f(c)o(haracter)f(under)i(the)f(cursor.) 19 b(If)12 b(the)g(cursor)g(is)g(at)g(the)g(b)q(eginning)i(of)e(the)g(line,)i (there)240 1400 y(are)k(no)g(c)o(haracters)g(in)h(the)g(line,)h(and)f(the)f (last)g(c)o(haracter)g(t)o(yp)q(ed)h(w)o(as)e(not)h(C-d,)h(then)g(return)240 1463 y(EOF.)0 1543 y Fk(backward-delete-char)12 b(\(Rubout\))240 1605 y Fl(Delete)g(the)f(c)o(haracter)f(b)q(ehind)j(the)e(cursor.)18 b(A)11 b(n)o(umeric)h(arg)e(sa)o(ys)g(to)g(kill)j(the)e(c)o(haracters)f (instead)240 1667 y(of)15 b(deleting)h(them.)0 1747 y Fk(quoted-insert)d (\(C-q,)i(C-v\))240 1809 y Fl(Add)i(the)f(next)h(c)o(haracter)f(that)f(y)o (ou)h(t)o(yp)q(e)h(to)f(the)g(line)i(v)o(erbatim.)24 b(This)17 b(is)g(ho)o(w)e(to)h(insert)h(k)o(ey)240 1872 y(sequences)f(lik)o(e)h Fk(C-Q)p Fl(,)d(for)h(example.)0 1952 y Fk(tab-insert)f(\(M-TAB\))240 2014 y Fl(Insert)h(a)g(tab)g(c)o(haracter.)0 2094 y Fk(self-insert)f(\(a,)g (b,)h(A,)g(1,)g(!,)g(...\))240 2156 y Fl(Insert)g(y)o(ourself.)0 2236 y Fk(transpose-chars)e(\(C-t\))240 2298 y Fl(Drag)h(the)h(c)o(haracter)g (b)q(efore)g(the)h(cursor)f(forw)o(ard)f(o)o(v)o(er)g(the)h(c)o(haracter)g (at)f(the)i(cursor,)e(mo)o(ving)240 2361 y(the)k(cursor)h(forw)o(ard)e(as)h (w)o(ell.)30 b(If)19 b(the)f(insertion)i(p)q(oin)o(t)f(is)g(at)e(the)i(end)g (of)f(the)g(line,)j(then)e(this)240 2423 y(transp)q(oses)c(the)g(last)g(t)o (w)o(o)f(c)o(haracters)h(of)f(the)i(line.)21 b(Negativ)o(e)15 b(argumen)o(tss)f(don't)h(w)o(ork.)0 2503 y Fk(transpose-words)e(\(M-t\))240 2565 y Fl(Drag)f(the)h(w)o(ord)f(b)q(ehind)i(the)f(cursor)g(past)f(the)h(w)o (ord)f(in)h(fron)o(t)f(of)h(the)f(cursor)h(mo)o(ving)f(the)h(cursor)240 2627 y(o)o(v)o(er)h(that)h(w)o(ord)f(as)h(w)o(ell.)p eop %%Page: 47 49 48 bop 0 -83 a Fl(Chapter)15 b(7:)k(Command)c(Line)i(Editing)1205 b(47)0 158 y Fk(upcase-word)14 b(\(M-u\))240 221 y Fl(Upp)q(ercase)h(the)e (curren)o(t)h(\(or)f(follo)o(wing\))h(w)o(ord.)k(With)c(a)f(negativ)o(e)h (argumen)o(t,)f(do)g(the)h(previous)240 283 y(w)o(ord,)g(but)h(do)h(not)e(mo) o(v)o(e)h(the)g(cursor.)0 358 y Fk(downcase-word)e(\(M-l\))240 420 y Fl(Lo)o(w)o(ercase)g(the)i(curren)o(t)f(\(or)f(follo)o(wing\))h(w)o (ord.)19 b(With)14 b(a)g(negativ)o(e)g(argumen)o(t,)f(do)h(the)g(previous)240 482 y(w)o(ord,)g(but)h(do)h(not)e(mo)o(v)o(e)h(the)g(cursor.)0 557 y Fk(capitalize-word)e(\(M-c\))240 619 y Fl(Capitalize)j(the)e(curren)o (t)g(\(or)f(follo)o(wing\))i(w)o(ord.)j(With)d(a)f(negativ)o(e)g(argumen)o (t,)f(do)h(the)g(previous)240 682 y(w)o(ord,)g(but)h(do)h(not)e(mo)o(v)o(e)h (the)g(cursor.)0 891 y Ff(7.4.4)30 b(Killing)15 b(And)h(Y)-5 b(anking)0 1028 y Fk(kill-line)14 b(\(C-k\))240 1090 y Fl(Kill)j(the)f(text)e (from)h(the)g(curren)o(t)g(cursor)g(p)q(osition)h(to)f(the)g(end)h(of)f(the)g (line.)0 1165 y Fk(backward-kill-line)e(\(C-x)h(Rubout\))240 1228 y Fl(Kill)j(bac)o(kw)o(ard)e(to)f(the)i(b)q(eginning)h(of)e(the)g(line.) 0 1302 y Fk(unix-line-discard)e(\(C-u\))240 1365 y Fl(Kill)j(bac)o(kw)o(ard)d (from)f(the)i(cursor)f(to)g(the)h(b)q(eginning)i(of)d(the)g(curren)o(t)h (line.)21 b(Sa)o(v)o(e)13 b(the)h(killed)h(text)240 1427 y(on)g(the)g (kill-ring.)0 1502 y Fk(kill-whole-line)e(\(\))240 1564 y Fl(Kill)18 b(all)f(c)o(haracters)e(on)h(the)g(curren)o(t)f(line,)j(no)e(matter)e(where)i (the)g(cursor)g(is.)22 b(By)16 b(default,)h(this)240 1626 y(is)f(un)o(b)q (ound.)0 1701 y Fk(kill-word)e(\(M-d\))240 1764 y Fl(Kill)j(from)d(the)h (cursor)g(to)f(the)h(end)g(of)g(the)g(curren)o(t)f(w)o(ord,)g(or)g(if)i(b)q (et)o(w)o(een)f(w)o(ords,)f(to)g(the)h(end)g(of)240 1826 y(the)g(next)h(w)o (ord.)j(W)l(ord)c(b)q(oundaries)h(are)f(the)g(same)g(as)g Fk(forward-word)p Fl(.)0 1901 y Fk(backward-kill-word)e(\(M-DEL\))240 1963 y Fl(Kill)k(the)f(w)o(ord)e(b)q(ehind)j(the)f(cursor.)j(W)l(ord)c(b)q (oundaries)i(are)d(the)i(same)f(as)f Fk(backward-word)p Fl(.)0 2038 y Fk(unix-word-rubout)f(\(C-w\))240 2100 y Fl(Kill)i(the)e(w)o(ord)f(b)q (ehind)j(the)f(cursor,)e(using)i(white)f(space)h(as)e(a)h(w)o(ord)f(b)q (oundary)l(.)20 b(The)13 b(killed)i(text)240 2162 y(is)h(sa)o(v)o(ed)e(on)i (the)f(kill-ring.)0 2237 y Fk(delete-horizontal-space)d(\(\))240 2300 y Fl(Delete)k(all)g(spaces)f(and)h(tabs)e(around)i(p)q(oin)o(t.)k(By)15 b(default,)h(this)f(is)h(un)o(b)q(ound.)0 2375 y Fk(yank)f(\(C-y\))240 2437 y Fl(Y)l(ank)g(the)h(top)f(of)f(the)i(kill)h(ring)e(in)o(to)g(the)h (bu\013er)f(at)f(the)i(curren)o(t)f(cursor)g(p)q(osition.)0 2512 y Fk(yank-pop)f(\(M-y\))240 2574 y Fl(Rotate)f(the)h(kill-ring,)i(and)e (y)o(ank)g(the)g(new)g(top.)19 b(Y)l(ou)14 b(can)g(only)g(do)g(this)g(if)g (the)g(prior)g(command)240 2636 y(is)i(y)o(ank)f(or)f(y)o(ank-p)q(op.)p eop %%Page: 48 50 49 bop 0 -83 a Fl(48)1623 b(Bash)15 b(F)l(eatures)0 158 y Ff(7.4.5)30 b(Sp)r(ecifying)15 b(Numeric)h(Argumen)n(ts)0 299 y Fk(digit-argument)d (\(M-0,)i(M-1,)f(...)h(M--\))240 361 y Fl(Add)k(this)f(digit)h(to)f(the)g (argumen)o(t)f(already)i(accum)o(ulating,)g(or)f(start)f(a)g(new)i(argumen)o (t.)28 b(M{)240 424 y(starts)14 b(a)h(negativ)o(e)g(argumen)o(t.)0 502 y Fk(universal-argument)e(\(\))240 564 y Fl(Eac)o(h)k(time)h(this)g(is)f (executed,)i(the)e(argumen)o(t)g(coun)o(t)g(is)h(m)o(ultiplied)i(b)o(y)d (four.)26 b(The)18 b(argumen)o(t)240 626 y(coun)o(t)i(is)h(initially)j(one,)d (so)f(executing)i(this)f(function)g(the)g(\014rst)f(time)h(mak)o(es)f(the)h (argumen)o(t)240 689 y(coun)o(t)15 b(four.)20 b(By)15 b(default,)g(this)h(is) g(not)e(b)q(ound)j(to)d(a)h(k)o(ey)l(.)0 929 y Ff(7.4.6)30 b(Letting)14 b(Readline)h(T)n(yp)r(e)h(F)-5 b(or)14 b(Y)-5 b(ou)0 1070 y Fk(complete)14 b(\(TAB\))240 1132 y Fl(A)o(ttempt)i(to)h(do)g (completion)i(on)e(the)g(text)g(b)q(efore)h(the)f(cursor.)26 b(This)18 b(is)g(application-sp)q(eci\014c.)240 1194 y(Generally)l(,)h(if)f (y)o(ou)f(are)h(t)o(yping)g(a)f(\014lename)i(argumen)o(t,)e(y)o(ou)g(can)h (do)f(\014lename)i(completion;)g(if)240 1257 y(y)o(ou)f(are)f(t)o(yping)i(a)e (command,)i(y)o(ou)e(can)i(do)f(command)g(completion,)h(if)g(y)o(ou)e(are)h (t)o(yping)g(in)h(a)240 1319 y(sym)o(b)q(ol)e(to)f(GDB,)g(y)o(ou)g(can)h(do)g (sym)o(b)q(ol)g(name)g(completion,)h(if)f(y)o(ou)f(are)h(t)o(yping)g(in)g(a)g (v)m(ariable)240 1381 y(to)e(Bash,)h(y)o(ou)f(can)h(do)g(v)m(ariable)h(name)f (completion,)h(and)f(so)f(on.)22 b(See)16 b(the)g(Bash)g(man)o(ual)g(page)240 1443 y(for)f(a)f(complete)i(list)g(of)f(a)o(v)m(ailable)i(completion)f (functions.)0 1522 y Fk(possible-completions)c(\(M-?\))240 1584 y Fl(List)k(the)f(p)q(ossible)i(completions)f(of)f(the)g(text)g(b)q (efore)h(the)f(cursor.)0 1662 y Fk(insert-completions)e(\(\))240 1725 y Fl(Insert)22 b(all)h(completions)g(of)f(the)g(text)f(b)q(efore)h(p)q (oin)o(t)h(that)e(w)o(ould)h(ha)o(v)o(e)g(b)q(een)h(generated)f(b)o(y)240 1787 y Fk(possible-completions)p Fl(.)17 b(By)e(default,)h(this)f(is)h(not)f (b)q(ound)h(to)f(a)g(k)o(ey)l(.)0 2028 y Ff(7.4.7)30 b(Keyb)r(oard)15 b(Macros)0 2168 y Fk(start-kbd-macro)e(\(C-x)i(\(\))240 2230 y Fl(Begin)h(sa)o(ving)f(the)h(c)o(haracters)e(t)o(yp)q(ed)i(in)o(to)f(the)g (curren)o(t)g(k)o(eyb)q(oard)g(macro.)0 2309 y Fk(end-kbd-macro)e(\(C-x)i (\)\))240 2371 y Fl(Stop)f(sa)o(ving)h(the)g(c)o(haracters)f(t)o(yp)q(ed)h (in)o(to)f(the)h(curren)o(t)f(k)o(eyb)q(oard)h(macro)f(and)h(sa)o(v)o(e)f (the)g(de\014ni-)240 2433 y(tion.)0 2512 y Fk(call-last-kbd-macro)f(\(C-x)h (e\))240 2574 y Fl(Re-execute)20 b(the)f(last)f(k)o(eyb)q(oard)g(macro)g (de\014ned,)i(b)o(y)f(making)f(the)h(c)o(haracters)f(in)h(the)g(macro)240 2636 y(app)q(ear)c(as)g(if)h(t)o(yp)q(ed)f(at)g(the)g(k)o(eyb)q(oard.)p eop %%Page: 49 51 50 bop 0 -83 a Fl(Chapter)15 b(7:)k(Command)c(Line)i(Editing)1205 b(49)0 158 y Ff(7.4.8)30 b(Some)15 b(Miscellaneous)h(Commands)0 295 y Fk(re-read-init-file)d(\(C-x)h(C-r\))240 358 y Fl(Read)i(in)g(the)f (con)o(ten)o(ts)f(of)h(y)o(our)g(init)h(\014le,)g(and)f(incorp)q(orate)h(an)o (y)e(bindings)j(or)e(v)m(ariable)i(assign-)240 420 y(men)o(ts)e(found)g (there.)0 490 y Fk(abort)f(\(C-g\))240 553 y Fl(Ab)q(ort)f(the)h(curren)o(t)f (editing)i(command)e(and)h(ring)g(the)f(terminal's)h(b)q(ell)h(\(sub)s(ject)f (to)e(the)i(setting)240 615 y(of)h Fk(bell-style)p Fl(\).)0 686 y Fk(do-uppercase-version)d(\(M-a,)j(M-b,)f(...\))240 748 y Fl(Run)i(the)f(command)g(that)g(is)h(b)q(ound)g(to)e(the)i(corresop)q (onding)g(upp)q(ercase)g(c)o(haracter.)0 818 y Fk(prefix-meta)e(\(ESC\))240 881 y Fl(Mak)o(e)g(the)g(next)h(c)o(haracter)f(that)g(y)o(ou)g(t)o(yp)q(e)h (b)q(e)g(meta\014ed.)20 b(This)15 b(is)g(for)f(p)q(eople)i(without)e(a)h (meta)240 943 y(k)o(ey)l(.)20 b(T)o(yping)c(`)p Fk(ESC)e(f)p Fl(')h(is)g(equiv)m(alen)o(t)i(to)e(t)o(yping)g(`)p Fk(M-f)p Fl('.)0 1014 y Fk(undo)g(\(C-_,)f(C-x)h(C-u\))240 1076 y Fl(Incremen)o(tal)h (undo,)f(separately)h(remem)o(b)q(ered)g(for)e(eac)o(h)h(line.)0 1146 y Fk(revert-line)f(\(M-r\))240 1209 y Fl(Undo)20 b(all)h(c)o(hanges)f (made)g(to)f(this)i(line.)35 b(This)21 b(is)f(lik)o(e)h(t)o(yping)f(the)g Fk(undo)g Fl(command)g(enough)240 1271 y(times)15 b(to)g(get)g(bac)o(k)g(to)f (the)i(b)q(eginning.)0 1342 y Fk(tilde-expand)e(\(M-~\))240 1404 y Fl(P)o(erform)g(tilde)j(expansion)f(on)f(the)g(curren)o(t)g(w)o(ord.)0 1474 y Fk(dump-functions)e(\(\))240 1537 y Fl(Prin)o(t)18 b(all)h(of)f(the)g (functions)h(and)g(their)g(k)o(ey)f(bindings)i(to)d(the)i(readline)h(output)e (stream.)28 b(If)18 b(a)240 1599 y(n)o(umeric)i(argumen)o(t)d(is)i(supplied,) j(the)d(output)f(is)h(formatted)f(in)h(suc)o(h)g(a)f(w)o(a)o(y)g(that)g(it)h (can)f(b)q(e)240 1661 y(made)d(part)g(of)g(an)g Fg(inputrc)k Fl(\014le.)0 1732 y Fk(display-shell-version)12 b(\(C-x)j(C-v\))240 1794 y Fl(Displa)o(y)h(v)o(ersion)f(information)h(ab)q(out)f(the)g(curren)o (t)g(instance)h(of)f(Bash.)0 1865 y Fk(shell-expand-line)e(\(M-C-e\))240 1927 y Fl(Expand)f(the)h(line)g(the)f(w)o(a)o(y)g(the)g(shell)h(do)q(es)g (when)f(it)h(reads)f(it.)19 b(This)12 b(p)q(erforms)g(alias)h(and)f(history) 240 1989 y(expansion)k(as)f(w)o(ell)h(as)f(all)h(of)f(the)g(shell)i(w)o(ord)d (expansions.)0 2060 y Fk(history-expand-line)f(\(M-^\))240 2122 y Fl(P)o(erform)h(history)h(expansion)h(on)g(the)f(curren)o(t)g(line.)0 2193 y Fk(insert-last-argument)d(\(M-.,)j(M-_\))240 2255 y Fl(A)g(synon)o(ym)g(for)g Fk(yank-last-arg)p Fl(.)0 2325 y Fk(operate-and-get-next)d(\(C-o\))240 2388 y Fl(Accept)i(the)f(curren)o(t)h (line)g(for)f(execution)i(and)e(fetc)o(h)g(the)h(next)f(line)i(relativ)o(e)f (to)f(the)g(curren)o(t)g(line)240 2450 y(from)h(the)i(history)f(for)f (editing.)22 b(An)o(y)15 b(argumen)o(t)f(is)i(ignored.)0 2521 y Fk(emacs-editing-mode)d(\(C-e\))240 2583 y Fl(When)k(in)h Fk(vi)e Fl(editing)i(mo)q(de,)f(this)g(causes)g(a)g(switc)o(h)g(bac)o(k)f(to) h(emacs)f(editing)i(mo)q(de,)f(as)g(if)g(the)240 2645 y(command)e Fk(set)g(-o)g(emacs)f Fl(had)i(b)q(een)g(executed.)p eop %%Page: 50 52 51 bop 0 -83 a Fl(50)1623 b(Bash)15 b(F)l(eatures)0 158 y Fj(7.5)33 b(Readline)16 b(vi)g(Mo)r(de)62 295 y Fl(While)d(the)f(Readline)i(library)e (do)q(es)g(not)g(ha)o(v)o(e)f(a)g(full)i(set)f(of)f Fk(vi)g Fl(editing)i(functions,)g(it)f(do)q(es)g(con)o(tain)g(enough)0 358 y(to)i(allo)o(w)h(simple)i(editing)f(of)f(the)g(line.)21 b(The)15 b(Readline)i Fk(vi)e Fl(mo)q(de)g(b)q(eha)o(v)o(es)h(as)e(sp)q (eci\014ed)j(in)f(the)f(P)o(osix)g(1003.2)0 420 y(standard.)62 557 y(In)f(order)g(to)e(switc)o(h)i(in)o(teractiv)o(ely)g(b)q(et)o(w)o(een)g Fk(Emacs)f Fl(and)h Fk(Vi)f Fl(editing)h(mo)q(des,)g(use)g(the)f Fk(set)i(-o)g(emacs)e Fl(and)0 619 y Fk(set)i(-o)g(vi)h Fl(commands)h(\(see)f (Section)i(4.5)e([The)g(Set)h(Builtin],)i(page)d(20\).)24 b(The)17 b(Readline)i(default)e(is)h Fk(emacs)0 681 y Fl(mo)q(de.)62 818 y(When)h(y)o(ou)f(en)o(ter)g(a)g(line)i(in)g Fk(vi)e Fl(mo)q(de,)h(y)o (ou)f(are)g(already)g(placed)i(in)f(`insertion')g(mo)q(de,)g(as)f(if)h(y)o (ou)f(had)0 881 y(t)o(yp)q(ed)e(an)f(`)p Fk(i)p Fl('.)20 b(Pressing)c Fk(ESC)f Fl(switc)o(hes)h(y)o(ou)f(in)o(to)h(`command')f(mo)q(de,)g(where)h (y)o(ou)f(can)h(edit)g(the)g(text)f(of)g(the)0 943 y(line)20 b(with)e(the)g(standard)g Fk(vi)f Fl(mo)o(v)o(emen)o(t)g(k)o(eys,)h(mo)o(v)o (e)g(to)f(previous)i(history)f(lines)h(with)g(`)p Fk(k)p Fl(',)e(and)h(follo) o(wing)0 1005 y(lines)f(with)e(`)p Fk(j)p Fl(',)f(and)i(so)e(forth.)p eop %%Page: 51 53 52 bop 0 -83 a Fl(App)q(endix)17 b(A:)e(V)l(ariable)i(Index)1345 b(51)0 158 y Fh(App)r(endix)13 b(A)41 b(V)-7 b(ariable)14 b(Index)0 413 y Fj(A)0 479 y Fe(auto)p 82 479 12 2 v 13 w(resume)7 b Fd(:)s(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:) g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)20 b Fc(31)0 591 y Fj(B)0 658 y Fe(BASH)p 82 658 V 13 w(VERSION)5 b Fd(:)s(:)h(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h (:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)18 b Fc(24)0 716 y Fe(bell-style)t Fd(:)s(:)7 b(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:) g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)18 b Fc(41)0 828 y Fj(C)0 894 y Fe(cdable)p 122 894 V 12 w(vars)7 b Fd(:)t(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)20 b Fc(10)0 952 y Fe(CDPATH)9 b Fd(:)d(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)24 b Fc(4)0 1010 y Fe(comment-be)o(gi)o(n)7 b Fd(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)23 b Fc(41)0 1069 y Fe(completion)o(-q)o (uer)o(y-)o(ite)o(ms)7 b Fd(:)s(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)20 b Fc(42)0 1127 y Fe(convert-me)o(ta)8 b Fd(:)e(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)24 b Fc(41)0 1238 y Fj(E)0 1305 y Fe(editing-mo)o(de)8 b Fd(:)e(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)24 b Fc(41)0 1363 y Fe(EUID)t Fd(:)5 b(:)h(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)17 b Fc(23)0 1421 y Fe(expand-til)o(de)8 b Fd(:)e(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)24 b Fc(42)0 1533 y Fj(F)0 1599 y Fe(FIGNORE)9 b Fd(:)s(:)e(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)22 b Fc(23)0 1711 y Fj(H)0 1778 y Fe(histchars)6 b Fd(:)s(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:) h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)19 b Fc(23)0 1836 y Fe(HISTCMD)9 b Fd(:)s(:)e(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:) g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)22 b Fc(23)0 1894 y Fe(HISTCONTRO)o(L)t Fd(:)s(:)6 b(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)17 b Fc(22)0 1952 y Fe(HISTFILE)8 b Fd(:)s(:)e(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)21 b Fc(23)0 2010 y Fe(history)p 142 2010 V 11 w(control)8 b Fd(:)e(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)23 b Fc(22)0 2068 y Fe(HISTSIZE)8 b Fd(:)s(:)e(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)21 b Fc(23)0 2126 y Fe(HOME)5 b Fd(:)g(:)h(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)18 b Fc(4)0 2185 y Fe(horizontal)o(-s)o(cro)o(ll)o(-mo)o(de)7 b Fd(:)s(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)20 b Fc(41)0 2243 y Fe(HOSTFILE)8 b Fd(:)s(:)e(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)21 b Fc(23)0 2301 y Fe(hostname)p 162 2301 V 11 w(completion)p 372 2301 V 10 w(file)9 b Fd(:)d(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)23 b Fc(23)0 2359 y Fe(HOSTTYPE)8 b Fd(:)s(:)e(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)21 b Fc(23)0 2471 y Fj(I)0 2537 y Fe(IFS)7 b Fd(:)e(:)h(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:) g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h (:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)19 b Fc(4)0 2595 y Fe(IGNOREEOF)6 b Fd(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)22 b Fc(10,)13 b(24)0 2653 y Fe(INPUTRC)c Fd(:)s(:)e(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)22 b Fc(23)1015 413 y Fj(K)1015 479 y Fe(keymap)9 b Fd(:)d(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:) g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)24 b Fc(42)1015 611 y Fj(M)1015 677 y Fe(MAILCHECK)7 b Fd(:)s(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)20 b Fc(23)1015 735 y Fe(MAILPATH)9 b Fd(:)s(:)d(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)22 b Fc(4)1015 793 y Fe(mark-modifi)o(ed)o(-li)o(nes)7 b Fd(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)24 b Fc(41)1015 851 y Fe(meta-flag)7 b Fd(:)s(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)20 b Fc(41)1015 983 y Fj(N)1015 1049 y Fe(no)p 1057 1049 V 14 w(exit)p 1151 1049 V 12 w(on)p 1203 1049 V 14 w(failed)p 1337 1049 V 12 w(exec)8 b Fd(:)e(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h (:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)23 b Fc(24)1015 1107 y Fe(nolinks)9 b Fd(:)t(:)d(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)22 b Fc(24)1015 1165 y Fe(notify)9 b Fd(:)d(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)24 b Fc(31)1015 1297 y Fj(O)1015 1363 y Fe(OLDPWD)9 b Fd(:)d(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)24 b Fc(12)1015 1421 y Fe(OPTARG)10 b Fd(:)c(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h (:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)25 b Fc(4)1015 1479 y Fe(OPTIND)10 b Fd(:)c(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h (:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)25 b Fc(4)1015 1537 y Fe(OSTYPE)9 b Fd(:)d(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)24 b Fc(23)1015 1595 y Fe(output-meta)s Fd(:)s(:)6 b(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)17 b Fc(41)1015 1727 y Fj(P)1015 1793 y Fe(PATH)5 b Fd(:)g(:)i(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:) g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)19 b Fc(4)1015 1851 y Fe(PROMPT)p 1137 1851 V 12 w(COMMAND)9 b Fd(:)d(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:) g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)25 b Fc(23)1015 1909 y Fe(PS1)7 b Fd(:)e(:)h(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)20 b Fc(4)1015 1967 y Fe(PS2)7 b Fd(:)e(:)h(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)20 b Fc(4)1015 2026 y Fe(PS3)6 b Fd(:)f(:)h(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)19 b Fc(12)1015 2084 y Fe(PS4)6 b Fd(:)f(:)h(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)19 b Fc(12)1015 2142 y Fe(PWD)6 b Fd(:)f(:)h(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)19 b Fc(12)1015 2273 y Fj(R)1015 2340 y Fe(RANDOM)9 b Fd(:)d(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)24 b Fc(12)1015 2398 y Fe(REPLY)s Fd(:)5 b(:)h(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)16 b Fc(12)1015 2529 y Fj(S)1015 2595 y Fe(SECONDS)9 b Fd(:)t(:)d(:)g(:)g(:)g(:) g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h (:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)22 b Fc(12)1015 2653 y Fe(show-all-if)o(-a)o(mbi)o(guo)o(us)7 b Fd(:)t(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)22 b Fc(42)p eop %%Page: 52 54 53 bop 0 -83 a Fl(52)1623 b(Bash)15 b(F)l(eatures)0 158 y Fj(T)0 225 y Fe(TMOUT)s Fd(:)t(:)6 b(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)16 b Fc(13)1015 158 y Fj(U)1015 225 y Fe(UID)6 b Fd(:)f(:)h(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)19 b Fc(23)p eop %%Page: 53 55 54 bop 0 -83 a Fl(App)q(endix)17 b(B:)e(Concept)h(Index)1347 b(53)0 158 y Fh(App)r(endix)13 b(B)41 b(Concept)16 b(Index)0 413 y Fj($)0 479 y Fe($else)s Fd(:)t(:)6 b(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:) g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)16 b Fc(44)0 538 y Fe($endif)8 b Fd(:)e(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)23 b Fc(44)0 596 y Fe($if)6 b Fd(:)f(:)h(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h (:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)18 b Fc(43)0 708 y Fj(.)0 774 y Fe(.)9 b Fd(:)d(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)22 b Fc(3)0 886 y Fj(:)0 952 y Fe(:)9 b Fd(:)d(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)22 b Fc(3)0 1064 y Fj([)0 1131 y Fe([)9 b Fd(:)d(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)22 b Fc(4)0 1242 y Fj(A)0 1309 y Fe(abort)11 b(\(C-g\))c Fd(:)t(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)20 b Fc(49)0 1367 y Fe(accept-lin)o(e)10 b(\(Newline)o(,)g(Return\))5 b Fd(:)s(:)h(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)18 b Fc(45)0 1425 y Fe(alias)s Fd(:)t(:)6 b(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:) g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)16 b Fc(14)0 1537 y Fj(B)0 1603 y Fe(backward-c)o(ha)o(r)10 b(\(C-b\))c Fd(:)t(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:) g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)19 b Fc(44)0 1661 y Fe(backward-d)o(el)o(ete)o(-c)o(har)9 b(\(Rubout\))e Fd(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)23 b Fc(46)0 1720 y Fe(backward-k)o(il)o(l-l)o(in)o(e)10 b(\(C-x)h(Rubout\))d Fd(:)e(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)24 b Fc(47)0 1778 y Fe(backward-k)o(il)o(l-w)o(or)o(d)10 b(\(M-DEL\))5 b Fd(:)t(:)h(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)18 b Fc(47)0 1836 y Fe(backward-w)o(or)o(d)10 b(\(M-b\))c Fd(:)t(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:) g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)19 b Fc(44)0 1894 y Fe(beginning-)o(of)o(-hi)o(st)o(ory)9 b(\(M-<\))c Fd(:)g(:)h(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:) g(:)g(:)g(:)18 b Fc(45)0 1952 y Fe(beginning-)o(of)o(-li)o(ne)9 b(\(C-a\))g Fd(:)c(:)h(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:) h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)22 b Fc(44)0 2010 y Fe(bg)7 b Fd(:)e(:)h(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)20 b Fc(30)0 2068 y Fe(bind)t Fd(:)5 b(:)h(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)17 b Fc(17)0 2126 y Fe(break)t Fd(:)t(:)6 b(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:) g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)17 b Fc(3)0 2185 y Fe(builtin)9 b Fd(:)s(:)e(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)22 b Fc(17)0 2296 y Fj(C)0 2363 y Fe(call-last-)o(kb)o(d-m)o(ac)o(ro)9 b(\(C-x)j(e\))7 b Fd(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f (:)g(:)g(:)20 b Fc(48)0 2421 y Fe(capitalize)o(-w)o(ord)9 b(\(M-c\))s Fd(:)t(:)d(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:) h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)16 b Fc(47)0 2479 y Fe(case)5 b Fd(:)g(:)h(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)18 b Fc(2)0 2537 y Fe(cd)8 b Fd(:)d(:)h(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:) g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h (:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)21 b Fc(3)0 2595 y Fe(clear-scre)o(en)9 b(\(C-l\))e Fd(:)t(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)20 b Fc(45)0 2653 y Fe(command)9 b Fd(:)s(:)e(:)f(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)22 b Fc(18)1015 413 y Fe(complete)10 b(\(TAB\))t Fd(:)t(:)c(:)g(:)g(:)g(:) g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)17 b Fc(48)1015 471 y Fe(continue)9 b Fd(:)s(:)d(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)22 b Fc(3)1015 602 y Fj(D)1015 668 y Fe(declare)9 b Fd(:)t(:)d(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h (:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)22 b Fc(18)1015 726 y Fe(delete-char)9 b(\(C-d\))f Fd(:)t(:)f(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)22 b Fc(46)1015 784 y Fe(delete-hori)o(zo)o(nta)o(l-s) o(pa)o(ce)9 b(\(\))c Fd(:)h(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)19 b Fc(47)1015 842 y Fe(digit-argum)o(en) o(t)10 b(\(M-0,)h(M-1,)g(...)h(M--\))5 b Fd(:)g(:)h(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)19 b Fc(48)1015 900 y Fe(dirs)5 b Fd(:)g(:)i(:)f(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)19 b Fc(9)1015 959 y Fe(display-she)o(ll)o(-ve)o(rsi)o (on)9 b(\(C-x)i(C-v\))f Fd(:)c(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:) g(:)g(:)g(:)24 b Fc(49)1015 1017 y Fe(do-uppercas)o(e-)o(ver)o(sio)o(n)10 b(\(M-a,)g(M-b,)i(...\))c Fd(:)t(:)e(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)21 b Fc(49)1015 1075 y Fe(downcase-wo)o(rd)9 b(\(M-l\))d Fd(:)t(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)19 b Fc(47)1015 1133 y Fe(dump-functi)o(on)o(s)10 b(\(\))e Fd(:)d(:)i(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)22 b Fc(49)1015 1263 y Fj(E)1015 1330 y Fe(echo)5 b Fd(:)g(:)i(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)19 b Fc(3)1015 1388 y Fe(emacs-editi)o(ng)o(-mo)o(de)9 b(\(C-e\))f Fd(:)t(:)e(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:) g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)21 b Fc(49)1015 1446 y Fe(enable)9 b Fd(:)d(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)24 b Fc(18)1015 1504 y Fe(end-kbd-mac)o(ro)9 b(\(C-x)j(\)\))7 b Fd(:)t(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)20 b Fc(48)1015 1562 y Fe(end-of-hist)o(or)o(y)10 b(\(M->\))t Fd(:)t(:)d(:)f(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)18 b Fc(45)1015 1620 y Fe(end-of-line)9 b(\(C-e\))f Fd(:)t(:)f(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:) g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)22 b Fc(44)1015 1679 y Fe(eval)5 b Fd(:)g(:)i(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:) g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)19 b Fc(3)1015 1737 y(ev)o(en)o(t)14 b(designators)e Fd(:)6 b(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:) g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)23 b Fc(33)1015 1795 y Fe(exec)5 b Fd(:)g(:)i(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)19 b Fc(3)1015 1853 y Fe(exit)5 b Fd(:)g(:)i(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)19 b Fc(3)1015 1911 y(expansion)t Fd(:)9 b(:)d(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h (:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)17 b Fc(33)1015 1969 y Fe(export)10 b Fd(:)c(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)25 b Fc(3)1015 2100 y Fj(F)1015 2166 y Fe(fc)7 b Fd(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h (:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)20 b Fc(11)1015 2224 y Fe(fg)7 b Fd(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:) g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h (:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)20 b Fc(30)1015 2282 y Fe(for)7 b Fd(:)e(:)h(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)20 b Fc(1)1015 2340 y Fe(forward-cha)o(r)10 b(\(C-f\))d Fd(:)t(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:) g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)20 b Fc(44)1015 2398 y Fe(forward-sea)o(rc)o(h-h)o(ist)o(or)o(y)10 b(\(C-s\))f Fd(:)d(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:) 25 b Fc(45)1015 2457 y Fe(forward-wor)o(d)10 b(\(M-f\))d Fd(:)t(:)f(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)20 b Fc(44)1015 2587 y Fj(G)1015 2653 y Fe(getopts)8 b Fd(:)e(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)23 b Fc(3)p eop %%Page: 54 56 55 bop 0 -83 a Fl(54)1623 b(Bash)15 b(F)l(eatures)0 158 y Fj(H)0 225 y Fe(hash)5 b Fd(:)g(:)h(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)18 b Fc(3)0 283 y Fe(help)t Fd(:)5 b(:)h(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)17 b Fc(19)0 341 y Fe(history)7 b Fd(:)g(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)23 b Fc(9)0 399 y(history)14 b(ev)o(en)o(ts)t Fd(:)7 b(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)17 b Fc(33)0 457 y(History)m(,)c(ho)o(w)g(to)g(use)c Fd(:)e(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:) g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)22 b Fc(31)0 515 y Fe(history-ex)o(pa)o(nd-)o(li)o(ne)9 b(\(M-^\))e Fd(:)t(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:) g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)19 b Fc(49)0 573 y Fe(history-se)o(ar)o(ch-)o(ba) o(ckw)o(ard)9 b(\(\))c Fd(:)h(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)18 b Fc(45)0 632 y Fe(history-se)o(ar)o (ch-)o(fo)o(rwa)o(rd)9 b(\(\))e Fd(:)e(:)h(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:) g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)19 b Fc(45)0 765 y Fj(I)0 832 y Fe(if)8 b Fd(:)d(:)h(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)21 b Fc(1)0 890 y Fe(insert-com)o(pl)o(eti)o(on)o(s)10 b(\(\))s Fd(:)5 b(:)h(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)16 b Fc(48)0 948 y Fe(insert-las)o(t-) o(arg)o(um)o(ent)9 b(\(M-.,)i(M-)p 558 948 12 2 v 13 w(\))5 b Fd(:)h(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)18 b Fc(49)0 1006 y(in)o(teraction,)d(readline)t Fd(:)8 b(:)e(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:) g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)16 b Fc(37)0 1139 y Fj(J)0 1206 y Fe(jobs)t Fd(:)5 b(:)h(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)17 b Fc(30)0 1339 y Fj(K)0 1406 y Fe(kill)5 b Fd(:)g(:)h(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)18 b Fc(3)0 1464 y(Kill)d(ring)7 b Fd(:)g(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:) g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)20 b Fc(39)0 1522 y Fe(kill-line)9 b(\(C-k\))g Fd(:)d(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)24 b Fc(47)0 1580 y Fe(kill-whole)o(-l)o(ine)9 b(\(\))e Fd(:)e(:)h(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)20 b Fc(47)0 1638 y Fe(kill-word)9 b(\(M-d\))g Fd(:)d(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:) g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)24 b Fc(47)0 1696 y(Killing)16 b(text)7 b Fd(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)20 b Fc(39)0 1830 y Fj(L)0 1896 y Fe(let)9 b Fd(:)c(:)h(:)g(:)g(:) g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h (:)21 b Fc(12,)13 b(26)0 1955 y Fe(local)s Fd(:)t(:)6 b(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)16 b Fc(19)0 2013 y Fe(logout)9 b Fd(:)d(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)24 b Fc(9)0 2146 y Fj(N)0 2213 y Fe(next-histo)o(ry)9 b(\(C-n\))e Fd(:)t(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:) g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)20 b Fc(45)0 2271 y Fe(non-increm)o(en)o(tal)o(-f)o(orw)o(ard)o(-s)o(ear)o(ch)o(-hi)o(st)o (ory)9 b(\(M-n\))82 2329 y Fd(:)d(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)18 b Fc(45)0 2387 y Fe(non-increm)o(en)o(tal)o(-r)o(eve)o(rse)o(-s)o(ear)o(ch)o (-hi)o(st)o(ory)9 b(\(M-p\))82 2445 y Fd(:)d(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)18 b Fc(45)0 2579 y Fj(O)0 2645 y Fe(operate-an)o(d-)o(get)o(-n)o(ext)9 b(\(C-o\))c Fd(:)g(:)h(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:) h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)18 b Fc(49)1015 158 y Fj(P)1015 225 y Fe(popd)5 b Fd(:)g(:)i(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)19 b Fc(8)1015 283 y Fe(possible-co)o(mp)o(let)o(ion)o(s)10 b(\(M-?\))5 b Fd(:)t(:)h(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)19 b Fc(48)1015 341 y Fe(prefix-meta)9 b(\(ESC\))f Fd(:)t(:)f(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:) g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)22 b Fc(49)1015 399 y Fe(previous-hi)o(st)o(ory)9 b(\(C-p\))g Fd(:)d(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)24 b Fc(45)1015 457 y Fe(pushd)t Fd(:)5 b(:)h(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:) g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)17 b Fc(8)1015 515 y Fe(pwd)7 b Fd(:)e(:)h(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)20 b Fc(3)1015 631 y Fj(Q)1015 697 y Fe(quoted-inse)o(rt)9 b(\(C-q,)i(C-v\))f Fd(:)c(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:) g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)25 b Fc(46)1015 813 y Fj(R)1015 879 y Fe(re-read-ini)o (t-)o(fil)o(e)10 b(\(C-x)h(C-r\))c Fd(:)e(:)h(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)21 b Fc(49)1015 937 y Fe(read)5 b Fd(:)g(:)i(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)19 b Fc(3)1015 995 y(Readline,)d(ho)o(w)d(to)g(use)5 b Fd(:)h(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:) g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)19 b Fc(35)1015 1053 y Fe(readonly)9 b Fd(:)s(:)d(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)22 b Fc(3)1015 1112 y Fe(redraw-curr)o(en)o(t-l)o(ine) 9 b(\(\))h Fd(:)c(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)24 b Fc(45)1015 1170 y Fe(return)10 b Fd(:)c(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h (:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)25 b Fc(4)1015 1228 y Fe(reverse-sea)o(rc)o(h-h)o(ist)o(or)o(y)10 b(\(C-r\))f Fd(:)d(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:) 25 b Fc(45)1015 1286 y Fe(revert-line)9 b(\(M-r\))f Fd(:)t(:)f(:)f(:)g(:)g(:) g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)22 b Fc(49)1015 1401 y Fj(S)1015 1468 y Fe(self-insert)9 b(\(a,)j(b,)g(A,)g(1,)g(!,)g(...\))6 b Fd(:)f(:)h(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)19 b Fc(46)1015 1526 y Fe(set)6 b Fd(:)f(:)h(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)19 b Fc(20)1015 1584 y Fe(shell-expan)o(d-)o(lin)o(e)10 b(\(M-C-e\))d Fd(:)s(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:) g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)20 b Fc(49)1015 1642 y Fe(shift)t Fd(:)5 b(:)h(:)g(:)g(:)g(:) g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f (:)g(:)g(:)17 b Fc(4)1015 1700 y Fe(source)10 b Fd(:)c(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:) g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)25 b Fc(9)1015 1758 y Fe(start-kbd-m)o(ac)o(ro)10 b(\(C-x)h(\(\))t Fd(:)5 b(:)h(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)17 b Fc(48)1015 1816 y Fe(suspend)9 b Fd(:)t(:)d(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)22 b Fc(31)1015 1932 y Fj(T)1015 1998 y Fe(tab-insert)9 b(\(M-TAB\))e Fd(:)t(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:) g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g (:)20 b Fc(46)1015 2056 y Fe(test)5 b Fd(:)g(:)i(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)19 b Fc(4)1015 2115 y Fe(tilde-expan)o(d)10 b(\(M-~\))d Fd(:)t(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:) g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)20 b Fc(49)1015 2173 y Fe(times)t Fd(:)5 b(:)h(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:) g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)17 b Fc(4)1015 2231 y Fe(transpose-c)o(ha)o(rs)10 b(\(C-t\))s Fd(:)t(:)c(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)16 b Fc(46)1015 2289 y Fe(transpose-w)o(or)o(ds)10 b(\(M-t\))s Fd(:)t(:)c(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:) g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)16 b Fc(46)1015 2347 y Fe(trap)5 b Fd(:)g(:)i(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)19 b Fc(4)1015 2405 y Fe(type)t Fd(:)5 b(:)h(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)18 b Fc(19)1015 2463 y Fe(typeset)9 b Fd(:)t(:)d(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h (:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)22 b Fc(12)1015 2579 y Fj(U)1015 2645 y Fe(ulimit)9 b Fd(:)d(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)24 b Fc(19)p eop %%Page: 55 57 56 bop 0 -83 a Fl(App)q(endix)17 b(B:)e(Concept)h(Index)1347 b(55)0 158 y Fe(umask)t Fd(:)t(:)6 b(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)17 b Fc(4)0 216 y Fe(unalias)9 b Fd(:)s(:)e(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)22 b Fc(14)0 275 y Fe(undo)11 b(\(C-)p 153 275 12 2 v 13 w(,)i(C-x)e(C-u\))c Fd(:)e(:)h(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:) g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)20 b Fc(49)0 333 y Fe(universal-)o(ar)o(gum)o(en)o(t)10 b(\(\))s Fd(:)5 b(:)h(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)16 b Fc(48)0 391 y Fe(unix-line-)o(di)o(sca)o (rd)9 b(\(C-u\))g Fd(:)c(:)h(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)22 b Fc(47)0 449 y Fe(unix-word-)o(ru)o(bou)o(t)10 b(\(C-w\))e Fd(:)e(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)23 b Fc(47)0 507 y Fe(unset)t Fd(:)t(:)6 b(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)17 b Fc(4)0 565 y Fe(until)t Fd(:)t(:)6 b(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:) g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)17 b Fc(1)0 623 y Fe(upcase-wor)o(d)10 b(\(M-u\))e Fd(:)t(:)e(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:) g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)21 b Fc(46)1015 158 y Fj(W)1015 225 y Fe(wait)5 b Fd(:)g(:)i(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)19 b Fc(4)1015 283 y Fe(while)t Fd(:)5 b(:)h(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)17 b Fc(1)1015 391 y Fj(Y)1015 457 y Fe(yank)12 b(\(C-y\))d Fd(:)t(:)d(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)22 b Fc(47)1015 515 y Fe(yank-last-a)o(rg)9 b(\(M-.,)i(M-)p 1436 515 V 13 w(\))6 b Fd(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h (:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)19 b Fc(46)1015 573 y Fe(yank-nth-ar)o(g)10 b(\(M-C-y\))t Fd(:)s(:)d(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)18 b Fc(46)1015 632 y Fe(yank-pop)10 b(\(M-y\))t Fd(:)t(:)c(:)g(:)g(:) g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)17 b Fc(47)1015 690 y(Y)m(anking)e(text)s Fd(:)6 b(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:) g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)16 b Fc(39)p eop %%Page: 56 58 57 bop 0 -83 a Fl(56)1623 b(Bash)15 b(F)l(eatures)p eop %%Page: -1 59 58 bop 1937 -83 a Fl(i)0 158 y Fh(T)-7 b(able)15 b(of)g(Con)n(ten)n(ts)0 326 y Fj(1)67 b(Bourne)23 b(Shell)h(St)n(yle)g(F)-6 b(eatures)14 b Fb(:)c(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g (:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)37 b Fj(1)149 403 y Fl(1.1)45 b(Lo)q(oping)16 b(Constructs)d Fa(:)7 b(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)27 b Fl(1)149 466 y(1.2)45 b(Conditional)16 b(Constructs)8 b Fa(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:) g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g (:)22 b Fl(1)149 528 y(1.3)45 b(Shell)17 b(F)l(unctions)6 b Fa(:)i(:)g(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:) g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)20 b Fl(2)149 590 y(1.4)45 b(Bourne)16 b(Shell)h(Builtins)6 b Fa(:)j(:)e(:)g(:)h (:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)h(:)f(:)g(:)20 b Fl(3)149 653 y(1.5)45 b(Bourne)16 b(Shell)h(V)l(ariables) d Fa(:)7 b(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:) h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h (:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)27 b Fl(4)149 715 y(1.6)45 b(Other)15 b(Bourne)h(Shell)h(F)l(eatures)5 b Fa(:)i(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)19 b Fl(5)299 777 y(1.6.1)44 b(Ma)s(jor)13 b(Di\013erences)j(from)f(the)g(Bourne)g(Shell)6 b Fa(:)j(:)e(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)20 b Fl(5)0 902 y Fj(2)67 b(C-Shell)24 b(St)n(yle)g(F)-6 b(eatures)5 b Fb(:)11 b(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g (:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)28 b Fj(7)149 979 y Fl(2.1)45 b(Tilde)17 b(Expansion)6 b Fa(:)h(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g (:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)20 b Fl(7)149 1042 y(2.2)45 b(Brace)15 b(Expansion)c Fa(:)d(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)25 b Fl(7)149 1104 y(2.3)45 b(C)15 b(Shell)i(Builtins)11 b Fa(:)e(:)e(:)h(:)f(:) g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)25 b Fl(8)149 1166 y(2.4)45 b(C)15 b(Shell)i(V)l(ariables)7 b Fa(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f (:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h (:)21 b Fl(10)0 1291 y Fj(3)67 b(Korn)22 b(Shell)j(St)n(yle)e(F)-6 b(eatures)17 b Fb(:)10 b(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)39 b Fj(11)149 1369 y Fl(3.1)45 b(Korn)15 b(Shell)i(Constructs)6 b Fa(:)h(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:) g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)21 b Fl(11)149 1431 y(3.2)45 b(Korn)15 b(Shell)i(Builtins)6 b Fa(:)j(:)f(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:) g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)20 b Fl(11)149 1493 y(3.3)45 b(Korn)15 b(Shell)i(V)l(ariables)d Fa(:)8 b(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)28 b Fl(12)149 1555 y(3.4)45 b(Aliases)7 b Fa(:)h(:)g(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:) g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)22 b Fl(13)299 1618 y(3.4.1)44 b(Alias)16 b(Builtins)10 b Fa(:)f(:)e(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h (:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)25 b Fl(14)0 1742 y Fj(4)67 b(Bash)22 b(Sp)r(eci\014c)h(F)-6 b(eatures)11 b Fb(:)g(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h (:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)34 b Fj(15)149 1820 y Fl(4.1)45 b(In)o(v)o(oking)16 b(Bash)5 b Fa(:)i(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:) g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)20 b Fl(15)149 1882 y(4.2)45 b(Bash)15 b(Startup)g(Files)c Fa(:)d(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:) f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h (:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)26 b Fl(16)149 1945 y(4.3)45 b(Is)15 b(This)h(Shell)h(In)o(teractiv)o(e?)9 b Fa(:)f(:)g(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h (:)f(:)g(:)g(:)24 b Fl(17)149 2007 y(4.4)45 b(Bash)15 b(Builtin)j(Commands)13 b Fa(:)7 b(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:) g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)h(:)28 b Fl(17)149 2069 y(4.5)45 b(The)15 b(Set)h(Builtin)e Fa(:)7 b(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h (:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)27 b Fl(20)149 2131 y(4.6)45 b(Bash)15 b(V)l(ariables)9 b Fa(:)g(:)e(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)24 b Fl(22)149 2194 y(4.7)45 b(Shell)17 b(Arithmetic)e Fa(:)7 b(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h (:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)28 b Fl(24)299 2256 y(4.7.1)44 b(Arithmetic)16 b(Ev)m(aluation)f Fa(:)7 b(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)29 b Fl(24)299 2318 y(4.7.2)44 b(Arithmetic)16 b(Expansion)7 b Fa(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:) f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)22 b Fl(25)299 2380 y(4.7.3)44 b(Arithmetic)16 b(Builtins)f Fa(:)7 b(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h (:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)27 b Fl(26)149 2443 y(4.8)45 b(Con)o(trolling)16 b(the)f(Prompt)e Fa(:)7 b(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)28 b Fl(26)0 2567 y Fj(5)67 b(Job)22 b(Con)n(trol)8 b Fb(:)j(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)31 b Fj(29)149 2645 y Fl(5.1)45 b(Job)15 b(Con)o(trol)g(Basics)10 b Fa(:)d(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h (:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h (:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)24 b Fl(29)p eop %%Page: -2 60 59 bop 0 -83 a Fl(ii)1645 b(Bash)15 b(F)l(eatures)149 17 y(5.2)45 b(Job)15 b(Con)o(trol)g(Builtins)h Fa(:)7 b(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h (:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)28 b Fl(30)149 79 y(5.3)45 b(Job)15 b(Con)o(trol)g(V)l(ariables)c Fa(:)d(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:) h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h (:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)25 b Fl(31)0 203 y Fj(6)67 b(Using)22 b(History)h(In)n(teractiv)n(ely)e Fb(:)10 b(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f (:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)41 b Fj(33)149 281 y Fl(6.1)k(History)15 b(In)o(teraction)8 b Fa(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:) g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)23 b Fl(33)299 344 y(6.1.1)44 b(Ev)o(en)o(t)14 b(Designators)t Fa(:)7 b(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)19 b Fl(33)299 406 y(6.1.2)44 b(W)l(ord)15 b(Designators)8 b Fa(:)e(:)h(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)23 b Fl(34)299 468 y(6.1.3)44 b(Mo)q(di\014ers)13 b Fa(:)7 b(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:) f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h (:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)28 b Fl(34)0 593 y Fj(7)67 b(Command)22 b(Line)i(Editing)10 b Fb(:)h(:)g(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:) g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)33 b Fj(37)149 670 y Fl(7.1)45 b(In)o(tro)q(duction)16 b(to)f(Line)h(Editing)t Fa(:)9 b(:)e(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g (:)19 b Fl(37)149 733 y(7.2)45 b(Readline)17 b(In)o(teraction)5 b Fa(:)j(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h (:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)20 b Fl(37)299 795 y(7.2.1)44 b(Readline)17 b(Bare)e(Essen)o(tials)d Fa(:)c(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)h(:)26 b Fl(38)299 857 y(7.2.2)44 b(Readline)17 b(Mo)o(v)o(emen)o(t)d(Commands)e Fa(:)7 b(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h (:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)27 b Fl(38)299 919 y(7.2.3)44 b(Readline)17 b(Killing)h(Commands)7 b Fa(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)22 b Fl(39)299 982 y(7.2.4)44 b(Readline)17 b(Argumen)o(ts)c Fa(:)8 b(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:) g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)28 b Fl(40)149 1044 y(7.3)45 b(Readline)17 b(Init)g(File)c Fa(:)7 b(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:) g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)27 b Fl(40)299 1106 y(7.3.1)44 b(Readline)17 b(Init)f(Syn)o(tax)10 b Fa(:)d(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)25 b Fl(40)299 1169 y(7.3.2)44 b(Conditional)16 b(Init)g(Constructs)c Fa(:)7 b(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)27 b Fl(43)149 1231 y(7.4)45 b(Bindable)17 b(Readline)h(Commands)8 b Fa(:)e(:)i(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)23 b Fl(44)299 1293 y(7.4.1)44 b(Commands)14 b(F)l(or)h(Mo)o(ving)e Fa(:)7 b(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)28 b Fl(44)299 1355 y(7.4.2)44 b(Commands)14 b(F)l(or)h(Manipulating)i(The)e(History)8 b Fa(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)23 b Fl(45)299 1418 y(7.4.3)44 b(Commands)14 b(F)l(or)h(Changing)h(T)l(ext)10 b Fa(:)c(:)i(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:) g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)25 b Fl(46)299 1480 y(7.4.4)44 b(Killing)18 b(And)e(Y)l(anking)10 b Fa(:)e(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h (:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)25 b Fl(47)299 1542 y(7.4.5)44 b(Sp)q(ecifying)17 b(Numeric)f(Argumen)o(ts)8 b Fa(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:) g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:) 22 b Fl(48)299 1604 y(7.4.6)44 b(Letting)15 b(Readline)j(T)o(yp)q(e)d(F)l(or) g(Y)l(ou)5 b Fa(:)i(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)20 b Fl(48)299 1667 y(7.4.7)44 b(Keyb)q(oard)15 b(Macros)9 b Fa(:)e(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h (:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)24 b Fl(48)299 1729 y(7.4.8)44 b(Some)15 b(Miscellaneous)i(Commands)11 b Fa(:)d(:)f(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g (:)g(:)27 b Fl(49)149 1791 y(7.5)45 b(Readline)17 b(vi)f(Mo)q(de)d Fa(:)7 b(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)27 b Fl(50)0 1916 y Fj(App)r(endix)d(A)67 b(V)-6 b(ariable)24 b(Index)15 b Fb(:)c(:)f(:)h(:)f (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)38 b Fj(51)0 2056 y(App)r(endix)24 b(B)67 b(Concept)22 b(Index)c Fb(:)10 b(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)39 b Fj(53)p eop %%Trailer end userdict /end-hook known{end-hook}if %%EOF bash-1.14.3/documentation/builtins.1 664 436 0 1244 5446414335 15450 0ustar chetwheel.\" This is a hack to force bash builtins into the whatis database .\" and to get the list of builtins to come up with the man command. .TH BASH_BUILTINS 1 "1993 September 16" GNU .SH NAME bash, :, ., alias, bg, bind, break, builtin, bye, case, cd, command, continue, declare, dirs, echo, enable, eval, exec, exit, export, fc, fg, for, getopts, hash, help, history, if, jobs, kill, let, local, logout, popd, pushd, pwd, read, readonly, return, set, shift, source, suspend, test, times, trap, type, typeset, ulimit, umask, unalias, unset, until, wait, while \- bash built-in commands, see \fBbash\fR(1) .SH BASH BUILTIN COMMANDS .nr zZ 1 .so bash.1 .SH SEE ALSO bash(1), sh(1) bash-1.14.3/documentation/builtins.ps 664 436 0 253061 5671116350 15774 0ustar chetwheel%!PS-Adobe-3.0 %%Creator: groff version 1.08 %%DocumentNeededResources: font Times-Roman %%+ font Times-Bold %%+ font Times-Italic %%+ font Symbol %%DocumentSuppliedResources: procset grops 1.08 0 %%Pages: 11 %%PageOrder: Ascend %%Orientation: Portrait %%EndComments %%BeginProlog %%BeginResource: procset grops 1.08 0 /setpacking where{ pop currentpacking true setpacking }if /grops 120 dict dup begin /SC 32 def /A/show load def /B{0 SC 3 -1 roll widthshow}bind def /C{0 exch ashow}bind def /D{0 exch 0 SC 5 2 roll awidthshow}bind def /E{0 rmoveto show}bind def /F{0 rmoveto 0 SC 3 -1 roll widthshow}bind def /G{0 rmoveto 0 exch ashow}bind def /H{0 rmoveto 0 exch 0 SC 5 2 roll awidthshow}bind def /I{0 exch rmoveto show}bind def /J{0 exch rmoveto 0 SC 3 -1 roll widthshow}bind def /K{0 exch rmoveto 0 exch ashow}bind def /L{0 exch rmoveto 0 exch 0 SC 5 2 roll awidthshow}bind def /M{rmoveto show}bind def /N{rmoveto 0 SC 3 -1 roll widthshow}bind def /O{rmoveto 0 exch ashow}bind def /P{rmoveto 0 exch 0 SC 5 2 roll awidthshow}bind def /Q{moveto show}bind def /R{moveto 0 SC 3 -1 roll widthshow}bind def /S{moveto 0 exch ashow}bind def /T{moveto 0 exch 0 SC 5 2 roll awidthshow}bind def /SF{ findfont exch [exch dup 0 exch 0 exch neg 0 0]makefont dup setfont [exch/setfont cvx]cvx bind def }bind def /MF{ findfont [5 2 roll 0 3 1 roll neg 0 0]makefont dup setfont [exch/setfont cvx]cvx bind def }bind def /level0 0 def /RES 0 def /PL 0 def /LS 0 def /PLG{ gsave newpath clippath pathbbox grestore exch pop add exch pop }bind def /BP{ /level0 save def 1 setlinecap 1 setlinejoin 72 RES div dup scale LS{ 90 rotate }{ 0 PL translate }ifelse 1 -1 scale }bind def /EP{ level0 restore showpage }bind def /DA{ newpath arcn stroke }bind def /SN{ transform .25 sub exch .25 sub exch round .25 add exch round .25 add exch itransform }bind def /DL{ SN moveto SN lineto stroke }bind def /DC{ newpath 0 360 arc closepath }bind def /TM matrix def /DE{ TM currentmatrix pop translate scale newpath 0 0 .5 0 360 arc closepath TM setmatrix }bind def /RC/rcurveto load def /RL/rlineto load def /ST/stroke load def /MT/moveto load def /CL/closepath load def /FL{ currentgray exch setgray fill setgray }bind def /BL/fill load def /LW/setlinewidth load def /RE{ findfont dup maxlength 1 index/FontName known not{1 add}if dict begin { 1 index/FID ne{def}{pop pop}ifelse }forall /Encoding exch def dup/FontName exch def currentdict end definefont pop }bind def /DEFS 0 def /EBEGIN{ moveto DEFS begin }bind def /EEND/end load def /CNT 0 def /level1 0 def /PBEGIN{ /level1 save def translate div 3 1 roll div exch scale neg exch neg exch translate 0 setgray 0 setlinecap 1 setlinewidth 0 setlinejoin 10 setmiterlimit []0 setdash /setstrokeadjust where{ pop false setstrokeadjust }if /setoverprint where{ pop false setoverprint }if newpath /CNT countdictstack def userdict begin /showpage{}def }bind def /PEND{ clear countdictstack CNT sub{end}repeat level1 restore }bind def end def /setpacking where{ pop setpacking }if %%EndResource %%IncludeResource: font Times-Roman %%IncludeResource: font Times-Bold %%IncludeResource: font Times-Italic %%IncludeResource: font Symbol grops begin/DEFS 1 dict def DEFS begin/u{.001 mul}bind def end/RES 72 def/PL 792 def/LS false def/ENC0[/asciicircum/asciitilde/Scaron/Zcaron/scaron/zcaron /Ydieresis/trademark/quotesingle/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef /.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef /.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/space /exclam/quotedbl/numbersign/dollar/percent/ampersand/quoteright/parenleft /parenright/asterisk/plus/comma/hyphen/period/slash/zero/one/two/three/four /five/six/seven/eight/nine/colon/semicolon/less/equal/greater/question/at/A/B/C /D/E/F/G/H/I/J/K/L/M/N/O/P/Q/R/S/T/U/V/W/X/Y/Z/bracketleft/backslash /bracketright/circumflex/underscore/quoteleft/a/b/c/d/e/f/g/h/i/j/k/l/m/n/o/p/q /r/s/t/u/v/w/x/y/z/braceleft/bar/braceright/tilde/.notdef/quotesinglbase /guillemotleft/guillemotright/bullet/florin/fraction/perthousand/dagger /daggerdbl/endash/emdash/ff/fi/fl/ffi/ffl/dotlessi/dotlessj/grave/hungarumlaut /dotaccent/breve/caron/ring/ogonek/quotedblleft/quotedblright/oe/lslash /quotedblbase/OE/Lslash/.notdef/exclamdown/cent/sterling/currency/yen/brokenbar /section/dieresis/copyright/ordfeminine/guilsinglleft/logicalnot/minus /registered/macron/degree/plusminus/twosuperior/threesuperior/acute/mu /paragraph/periodcentered/cedilla/onesuperior/ordmasculine/guilsinglright /onequarter/onehalf/threequarters/questiondown/Agrave/Aacute/Acircumflex/Atilde /Adieresis/Aring/AE/Ccedilla/Egrave/Eacute/Ecircumflex/Edieresis/Igrave/Iacute /Icircumflex/Idieresis/Eth/Ntilde/Ograve/Oacute/Ocircumflex/Otilde/Odieresis /multiply/Oslash/Ugrave/Uacute/Ucircumflex/Udieresis/Yacute/Thorn/germandbls /agrave/aacute/acircumflex/atilde/adieresis/aring/ae/ccedilla/egrave/eacute /ecircumflex/edieresis/igrave/iacute/icircumflex/idieresis/eth/ntilde/ograve /oacute/ocircumflex/otilde/odieresis/divide/oslash/ugrave/uacute/ucircumflex /udieresis/yacute/thorn/ydieresis]def/Times-Italic@0 ENC0/Times-Italic RE /Times-Bold@0 ENC0/Times-Bold RE/Times-Roman@0 ENC0/Times-Roman RE %%EndProlog %%Page: 1 1 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S(SH_B).35 E(UIL)-.1 E 290.48 (TINS\(1\) B)-.92 F(ASH_B)-.35 E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E/F1 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -.18(NA)72 84 S(ME).18 E F0 .393(bash, :, ., alias, bg, bind, break, b)108 96 R .392 (uiltin, bye, case, cd, command, continue, declare, dirs, echo, enable, e)-.2 F -.25(va)-.25 G(l,).25 E -.15(exe)108 108 S .559(c, e).15 F .559(xit, e)-.15 F .559(xport, fc, fg, for)-.15 F 3.059(,g)-.4 G .559(etopts, hash, help, history) 231.984 108 R 3.059(,i)-.65 G .56 (f, jobs, kill, let, local, logout, popd, pushd, pwd,)343.57 108 R 1.562 (read, readonly)108 120 R 4.062(,r)-.65 G 1.561(eturn, set, shift, source, sus\ pend, test, times, trap, type, typeset, ulimit, umask, unalias,)176.004 120 R (unset, until, w)108 132 Q(ait, while \255 bash b)-.1 E(uilt-in commands, see) -.2 E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(bash)2.5 E F0(\(1\))A F1 -.27(BA)72 148.8 S(SH B) .27 E(UIL)-.09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F2(:)108 160.8 Q F0([)2.5 E/F3 10 /Times-Italic@0 SF(ar)A(guments)-.37 E F0(])A .501(No ef)144 172.8 R .501 (fect; the command does nothing be)-.25 F .502(yond e)-.15 F(xpanding)-.15 E F3 (ar)3.002 E(guments)-.37 E F0 .502(and performing an)3.002 F 3.002(ys)-.15 G (peci\214ed)508.34 172.8 Q 2.5(redirections. A)144 184.8 R(zero e)2.5 E (xit code is returned.)-.15 E F2(.)110.5 201.6 Q F3(\214lename)6.666 E F0([)2.5 E F3(ar)A(guments)-.37 E F0(])A F2(sour)108 213.6 Q(ce)-.18 E F3(\214lename)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F3(ar)A(guments)-.37 E F0(])A 1.17(Read and e)144 225.6 R -.15(xe) -.15 G 1.17(cute commands from).15 F F3(\214lename)3.669 E F0 1.169 (in the current shell en)3.669 F 1.169(vironment and return the e)-.4 F(xit) -.15 E 1.301(status of the last command e)144 237.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.301 (cuted from).15 F F3(\214lename)3.801 E F0 6.301(.I).18 G(f)368.138 237.6 Q F3 (\214lename)3.801 E F0 1.302(does not contain a slash, path-)3.801 F .608 (names in)144 249.6 R F1 -.666(PA)3.108 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .608 (are used to \214nd the directory containing)2.858 F F3(\214lename)3.108 E F0 5.608(.T).18 G .608(he \214le searched for in)424.339 249.6 R F1 -.666(PA)3.108 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .201(need not be e)144 261.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.701 (cutable. The).15 F .201 (current directory is searched if no \214le is found in)2.701 F F1 -.666(PA) 2.701 G(TH)-.189 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .201(If an)4.701 F(y)-.15 E F3 (ar)2.702 E(gu-)-.37 E(ments)144 273.6 Q F0 1.058(are supplied, the)3.558 F 3.558(yb)-.15 G 1.058(ecome the positional parameters when)252.232 273.6 R F3 (\214le)3.558 E F0 1.057(is e)3.557 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.557(cuted. Otherwise).15 F(the)3.557 E 1.078(positional parameters are unchanged.)144 285.6 R 1.079 (The return status is the status of the last command e)6.078 F(xited)-.15 E (within the script \(0 if no commands are e)144 297.6 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G (cuted\), and f).15 E(alse if)-.1 E F3(\214lename)2.5 E F0(is not found.)2.5 E F2(alias)108 314.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F3(name)A F0([=)A F3(value)A F0 2.5(].)C(..]) 193.9 314.4 Q F2(Alias)144 326.4 Q F0 1.668(with no ar)4.168 F 1.667 (guments prints the list of aliases in the form)-.18 F F3(name)4.167 E F0(=)A F3(value)A F0 1.667(on standard output.)4.167 F .606(When ar)144 338.4 R .607 (guments are supplied, an alias is de\214ned for each)-.18 F F3(name)3.107 E F0 (whose)3.107 E F3(value)3.107 E F0 .607(is gi)3.107 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.107 (n. A).15 F(trailing)3.107 E 2.693(space in)144 350.4 R F3(value)5.193 E F0 2.693(causes the ne)5.193 F 2.693(xt w)-.15 F 2.693(ord to be check)-.1 F 2.692 (ed for alias substitution when the alias is)-.1 F -.15(ex)144 362.4 S 2.867 (panded. F).15 F .367(or each)-.15 F F3(name)2.867 E F0 .367(in the ar)2.867 F .367(gument list for which no)-.18 F F3(value)2.867 E F0 .367 (is supplied, the name and v)2.867 F(alue)-.25 E 1.717 (of the alias is printed.)144 374.4 R F2(Alias)6.717 E F0 1.717 (returns true unless a)4.217 F F3(name)4.217 E F0 1.717(is gi)4.217 F -.15(ve) -.25 G 4.216(nf).15 G 1.716(or which no alias has been)425.61 374.4 R (de\214ned.)144 386.4 Q F2(bg)108 403.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F3(jobspec)A F0(])A(Place) 144 415.2 Q F3(jobspec)3.485 E F0 .985 (in the background, as if it had been started with)3.485 F F2(&)3.485 E F0 5.985(.I)C(f)425.645 415.2 Q F3(jobspec)3.485 E F0 .985(is not present, the) 3.485 F(shell')144 427.2 Q 3.102(sn)-.55 G .602(otion of the)177.662 427.2 R F3 (curr)3.102 E .602(ent job)-.37 F F0 .602(is used.)3.102 F F2(bg)5.602 E F3 (jobspec)3.102 E F0 .601(returns 0 unless run when job control is dis-)3.102 F .565(abled or)144 439.2 R 3.065(,w)-.4 G .565 (hen run with job control enabled, if)189.44 439.2 R F3(jobspec)3.065 E F0 -.1 (wa)3.065 G 3.065(sn).1 G .566(ot found or started without job con-)394.395 439.2 R(trol.)144 451.2 Q F2(bind)108 468 Q F0([)2.5 E F2A F3 -.1(ke)2.5 G(ymap)-.2 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(\255lvd)189.12 468 Q F0 2.5(][)C F2(-q)217.32 468 Q F3(name)2.5 E F0(])A F2(bind)108 480 Q F0([)2.5 E F2A F3 -.1(ke)2.5 G (ymap)-.2 E F0(])A F2(-f)2.5 E F3(\214lename)2.5 E F2(bind)108 492 Q F0([)2.5 E F2A F3 -.1(ke)2.5 G(ymap)-.2 E F0(])A F3 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq)-.2 E F0(:)A F3(function-name)A F0 .239(Display current)144 504 R F2 -.18(re)2.739 G(adline) .18 E F0 -.1(ke)2.739 G 2.739(ya)-.05 G .239(nd function bindings, or bind a k) 267.836 504 R .538 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .238(equence to a).15 F F2 -.18(re)2.738 G (adline).18 E F0(function)2.738 E .88(or macro.)144 516 R .88 (The binding syntax accepted is identical to that of)5.88 F F3(.inputr)3.38 E (c)-.37 E F0 3.38(,b).31 G .88(ut each binding must be)440.93 516 R .381 (passed as a separate ar)144 528 R .381 (gument; e.g., '"\\C-x\\C-r": re\255read\255init\255\214le'.)-.18 F .381 (Options, if supplied, ha)5.381 F .68 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he).15 E(follo)144 540 Q (wing meanings:)-.25 E F2144 552 Q F3 -.1(ke)2.5 G(ymap)-.2 E F0(Use)180 564 Q F3 -.1(ke)5.174 G(ymap)-.2 E F0 2.674(as the k)5.174 F -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.674(map to be af).15 F 2.674(fected by the subsequent bindings.)-.25 F (Acceptable)7.675 E F3 -.1(ke)180 576 S(ymap)-.2 E F0 2.929(names are)5.429 F F3 2.929(emacs, emacs-standar)5.429 F 2.929 (d, emacs-meta, emacs-ctlx, vi, vi-mo)-.37 F(ve)-.1 E 5.428(,v)-.1 G(i-)533.89 576 Q(command)180 588 Q F0 3.434(,a)C(nd)229.254 588 Q F3(vi-insert)3.434 E F0 (.).68 E F3(vi)5.934 E F0 .934(is equi)3.434 F -.25(va)-.25 G .934(lent to).25 F F3(vi-command)3.434 E F0(;)A F3(emacs)3.434 E F0 .934(is equi)3.434 F -.25 (va)-.25 G .935(lent to).25 F F3(emacs-)3.435 E(standar)180 600 Q(d)-.37 E F0 (.)A F2144 612 Q F0(List the names of all)180 612 Q F2 -.18(re)2.5 G (adline).18 E F0(functions)2.5 E F2144 624 Q F0 (List current function names and bindings)180 624 Q F2144 636 Q F0 (Dump function names and bindings in such a w)180 636 Q(ay that the)-.1 E 2.5 (yc)-.15 G(an be re-read)423.89 636 Q F2144 648 Q F3(\214lename)2.5 E F0 (Read k)180 660 Q .3 -.15(ey b)-.1 H(indings from).15 E F3(\214lename)2.5 E F2 144 672 Q F3(function)2.5 E F0(Query about which k)180 684 Q -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.5(si).15 G -1.9 -.4(nv o)282.51 684 T .2 -.1(ke t).4 H(he named).1 E F3 (function)2.5 E F0(The return v)144 700.8 Q (alue is 0 unless an unrecognized option is gi)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(no).15 G 2.5(ra)391.37 700.8 S 2.5(ne)401.64 700.8 S(rror occurred.)413.58 700.8 Q 170.955(GNU 1993)72 768 R(September 16)2.5 E(1)535 768 Q EP %%Page: 2 2 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S(SH_B).35 E(UIL)-.1 E 290.48 (TINS\(1\) B)-.92 F(ASH_B)-.35 E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(br)108 84 Q(eak)-.18 E F0([)2.5 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(n)A F0(])A .076 (Exit from within a)144 96 R F1 -.25(fo)2.576 G(r).25 E F0(,)A F1(while)2.576 E F0 2.576(,o)C(r)270.866 96 Q F1(until)2.576 E F0 2.576(loop. If)2.576 F F2(n) 2.576 E F0 .076(is speci\214ed, break)2.576 F F2(n)2.576 E F0(le)2.576 E -.15 (ve)-.25 G(ls.).15 E F2(n)5.075 E F0 .075(must be)2.575 F/F3 10/Symbol SF 2.575 E F0 2.575(1. If)2.575 F F2(n)2.575 E F0(is)2.575 E .838 (greater than the number of enclosing loops, all enclosing loops are e)144 108 R 3.338(xited. The)-.15 F .838(return v)3.338 F .839(alue is 0)-.25 F (unless the shell is not e)144 120 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting a loop when).15 E F1 (br)2.5 E(eak)-.18 E F0(is e)2.5 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted.).15 E F1 -.2(bu)108 136.8 S(iltin).2 E F2(shell\255b)2.5 E(uiltin)-.2 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(guments) -.37 E F0(])A(Ex)144 148.8 Q .793(ecute the speci\214ed shell b)-.15 F .793 (uiltin, passing it)-.2 F F2(ar)3.293 E(guments)-.37 E F0 3.293(,a).27 G .793 (nd return its e)382.104 148.8 R .792(xit status.)-.15 F .792(This is useful) 5.792 F .603 (when you wish to de\214ne a function whose name is the same as a shell b)144 160.8 R .603(uiltin, b)-.2 F .603(ut need the func-)-.2 F .773 (tionality of the b)144 172.8 R .773(uiltin within the function itself.)-.2 F (The)5.773 E F1(cd)3.273 E F0 -.2(bu)3.273 G .772 (iltin is commonly rede\214ned this w).2 F(ay)-.1 E(.)-.65 E (The return status is f)144 184.8 Q(alse if)-.1 E F2(shell\255b)2.5 E(uiltin) -.2 E F0(is not a shell b)2.5 E(uiltin command.)-.2 E F1(cd)108 201.6 Q F0([) 2.5 E F2(dir)A F0 5.17(]C)C .21(hange the current directory to)150.67 201.6 R F2(dir)2.71 E F0 5.21(.T)C .21(he v)298.01 201.6 R(ariable)-.25 E/F4 9 /Times-Bold@0 SF(HOME)2.71 E F0 .21(is the def)2.46 F(ault)-.1 E F2(dir)2.71 E F0 5.21(.T).73 G .21(he v)456.703 201.6 R(ariable)-.25 E F4(CDP)2.71 E -.855 (AT)-.666 G(H).855 E F0 .337 (de\214nes the search path for the directory containing)144 213.6 R F2(dir) 2.837 E F0 5.337(.A).73 G(lternati)379.663 213.6 Q .637 -.15(ve d)-.25 H .337 (irectory names are separated).15 F .309(by a colon \(:\).)144 225.6 R 2.809 (An)5.309 G .309(ull directory name in)221.365 225.6 R F4(CDP)2.809 E -.855(AT) -.666 G(H).855 E F0 .309(is the same as the current directory)2.559 F 2.809(,i) -.65 G .31(.e., `)496.44 225.6 R(`)-.74 E F1(.)A F0 -.74('')C 5.31(.I).74 G(f) 536.67 225.6 Q F2(dir)144 237.6 Q F0(be)3.419 E .919 (gins with a slash \(/\), then)-.15 F F4(CDP)3.419 E -.855(AT)-.666 G(H).855 E F0 .919(is not used.)3.169 F .918(An ar)5.918 F .918(gument of)-.18 F F1 3.418 E F0 .918(is equi)3.418 F -.25(va)-.25 G .918(lent to).25 F F4($OLD-) 3.418 E(PWD)144 249.6 Q/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0(The return v)4.5 E (alue is true if the directory w)-.25 E(as successfully changed; f)-.1 E (alse otherwise.)-.1 E F1(command)108 266.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(-pVv)A F0(])A F2 (command)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E(Run)144 278.4 Q F2 (command)2.877 E F0(with)2.877 E F2(ar)2.877 E(gs)-.37 E F0 .378 (suppressing the normal shell function lookup. Only b)2.877 F .378 (uiltin commands or)-.2 F .559(commands found in the)144 290.4 R F4 -.666(PA) 3.059 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .559(are e)2.809 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.059(cuted. If).15 F (the)3.059 E F13.059 E F0 .559(option is gi)3.059 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .558 (n, the search for).15 F F2(command)3.058 E F0(is)3.058 E .231 (performed using a def)144 302.4 R .231(ault v)-.1 F .231(alue for)-.25 F F1 -.74(PA)2.731 G(TH)-.21 E F0 .231 (that is guaranteed to \214nd all of the standard utilities.)2.731 F(If)5.232 E .232(either the)144 314.4 R F12.732 E F0(or)2.732 E F12.732 E F0 .232(option is supplied, a description of)2.732 F F2(command)2.732 E F0 .232 (is printed.)2.732 F(The)5.231 E F12.731 E F0 .231(option causes)2.731 F 2.71(as)144 326.4 S .21(ingle w)155.04 326.4 R .21 (ord indicating the command or pathname used to in)-.1 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G F2(command)2.811 E F0 .211(to be printed; the)2.711 F F12.711 E F0 .476 (option produces a more v)144 338.4 R .476(erbose description.)-.15 F .476 (An ar)5.476 F .476(gument of)-.18 F F12.976 E F0 .475 (disables option checking for the)2.976 F 1.348(rest of the ar)144 350.4 R 3.848(guments. If)-.18 F(the)3.848 E F13.848 E F0(or)3.848 E F1 3.848 E F0 1.348(option is supplied, the e)3.848 F 1.349(xit status is 0 if) -.15 F F2(command)3.849 E F0 -.1(wa)3.849 G(s).1 E 1.306(found, and 1 if not.) 144 362.4 R 1.305(If neither option is supplied and an error occurred or)6.306 F F2(command)3.805 E F0 1.305(cannot be)3.805 F .092(found, the e)144 374.4 R .092(xit status is 127.)-.15 F .092(Otherwise, the e)5.092 F .092 (xit status of the)-.15 F F1(command)2.592 E F0 -.2(bu)2.592 G .093 (iltin is the e).2 F .093(xit status of)-.15 F F2(command)144 386.4 Q F0(.).77 E F1(continue)108 403.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A .065(Resume the ne)144 415.2 R .065(xt iteration of the enclosing)-.15 F F1 -.25(fo)2.565 G(r).25 E F0(,)A F1(while)2.565 E F0 2.564(,o)C(r)366.104 415.2 Q F1(until)2.564 E F0 2.564 (loop. If)2.564 F F2(n)2.564 E F0 .064(is speci\214ed, resume at the)2.564 F F2 (n)144 427.2 Q F0 1.168(th enclosing loop.)B F2(n)6.169 E F0 1.169(must be) 3.669 F F33.669 E F0 3.669(1. If)3.669 F F2(n)3.669 E F0 1.169 (is greater than the number of enclosing loops, the last)3.669 F 1.594 (enclosing loop \(the `top\255le)144 439.2 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.593 (l' loop\) is resumed.).15 F 1.593(The return v)6.593 F 1.593 (alue is 0 unless the shell is not)-.25 F -.15(exe)144 451.2 S (cuting a loop when).15 E F1(continue)2.5 E F0(is e)2.5 E -.15(xe)-.15 G (cuted.).15 E F1(declar)108 468 Q(e)-.18 E F0([)2.5 E F1(\255frxi)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)175.16 468 Q F0([=)A F2(value)A F0(]])A F1(typeset)108 480 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255frxi)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)174.23 480 Q F0([=)A F2(value)A F0(]])A 1.098 (Declare v)144 492 R 1.098(ariables and/or gi)-.25 F 1.398 -.15(ve t)-.25 H 1.098(hem attrib).15 F 3.598(utes. If)-.2 F(no)3.598 E F2(name)3.598 E F0 3.598 (sa)C 1.098(re gi)394.362 492 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.098(n, then display the v).15 F 1.098(alues of)-.25 F -.25(va)144 504 S 2.492(riables instead.).25 F 2.491 (The options can be used to restrict output to v)7.492 F 2.491 (ariables with the speci\214ed)-.25 F(attrib)144 516 Q(ute.)-.2 E F1144 528 Q F0(Use function names only)180 528 Q F1144 540 Q F0(Mak)180 540 Q (e)-.1 E F2(name)5.046 E F0 5.046(sr)C(eadonly)241.642 540 Q 7.546(.T)-.65 G 2.546(hese names cannot then be assigned v)288.808 540 R 2.547 (alues by subsequent)-.25 F(assignment statements.)180 552 Q F1144 564 Q F0(Mark)180 564 Q F2(name)2.5 E F0 2.5(sf)C(or e)235.54 564 Q (xport to subsequent commands via the en)-.15 E(vironment.)-.4 E F1144 576 Q F0 .558(The v)180 576 R .558(ariable is treated as an inte)-.25 F .558 (ger; arithmetic e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G .558(luation \(see).25 F F4 .557 (ARITHMETIC EV)3.058 F(ALU)-1.215 E(A-)-.54 E(TION \))180 588 Q F0 (is performed when the v)2.25 E(ariable is assigned a v)-.25 E(alue.)-.25 E 1.218(Using `+' instead of `\255' turns of)144 604.8 R 3.719(ft)-.25 G 1.219 (he attrib)289.369 604.8 R 1.219(ute instead.)-.2 F 1.219 (When used in a function, mak)6.219 F(es)-.1 E F2(name)3.719 E F0(s)A .236 (local, as with the)144 616.8 R F1(local)2.736 E F0 2.735(command. The)2.736 F .235(return v)2.735 F .235(alue is 0 unless an ille)-.25 F -.05(ga)-.15 G 2.735 (lo).05 G .235(ption is encountered, an)443.755 616.8 R .435 (attempt is made to de\214ne a function using "-f foo=bar", one of the)144 628.8 R F2(names)2.935 E F0 .435(is not a le)2.935 F -.05(ga)-.15 G 2.935(ls) .05 G .435(hell v)503.435 628.8 R(ari-)-.25 E .52 (able name, an attempt is made to turn of)144 640.8 R 3.019(fr)-.25 G .519 (eadonly status for a readonly v)318.399 640.8 R .519 (ariable, or an attempt is)-.25 F(made to display a non-e)144 652.8 Q (xistant function with -f.)-.15 E F1(dirs [-l] [+/\255n])108 669.6 Q F0 1.505 (Display the list of currently remembered directories.)144 681.6 R 1.505 (Directories are added to the list with the)6.505 F F1(pushd)144 693.6 Q F0 (command; the)2.5 E F1(popd)2.5 E F0(command mo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(sb).15 G(ack up through the list.)331.5 693.6 Q F1(+n)144 705.6 Q F0 .13(displays the) 180 705.6 R F2(n)2.63 E F0 .13(th entry counting from the left of the list sho) B .13(wn by)-.25 F F1(dirs)2.63 E F0 .13(when in)2.63 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.63(dw).1 G(ith-)526.11 705.6 Q(out options, starting with zero.)180 717.6 Q 170.955(GNU 1993)72 768 R(September 16)2.5 E(2)535 768 Q EP %%Page: 3 3 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S(SH_B).35 E(UIL)-.1 E 290.48 (TINS\(1\) B)-.92 F(ASH_B)-.35 E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF144 84 Q F0 1.342(displays the)180 84 R/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(n)3.842 E F0 1.342(th entry counting from the right of the list sho)B 1.342(wn by)-.25 F F1(dirs)3.842 E F0 1.342(when in)3.842 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d).1 E (without options, starting with zero.)180 96 Q F1144 108 Q F0 .362 (produces a longer listing; the def)180 108 R .361 (ault listing format uses a tilde to denote the home direc-)-.1 F(tory)180 120 Q(.)-.65 E .38(The return v)144 136.8 R .38(alue is 0 unless an ille)-.25 F -.05(ga)-.15 G 2.88(lo).05 G .381(ption is supplied or)303.79 136.8 R F2(n) 2.881 E F0(inde)2.881 E -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.881(sb).15 G -.15(ey)430.775 136.8 S .381(ond the end of the direc-).15 F(tory stack.)144 148.8 Q F1(echo)108 165.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255neE)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(ar)164.8 165.6 Q(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E .267(Output the)144 177.6 R F2(ar)2.767 E(g)-.37 E F0 .267 (s, separated by spaces.)B .267(The return status is al)5.267 F -.1(wa)-.1 G .266(ys 0.).1 F(If)5.266 E F12.766 E F0 .266 (is speci\214ed, the trailing)2.766 F(ne)144 189.6 Q .31(wline is suppressed.) -.25 F .311(If the)5.31 F F12.811 E F0 .311(option is gi)2.811 F -.15(ve) -.25 G .311(n, interpretation of the follo).15 F .311(wing backslash-escaped) -.25 F .874(characters is enabled.)144 201.6 R(The)5.874 E F13.374 E F0 .874(option disables the interpretation of these escape characters, e)3.374 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(n).15 E(on systems where the)144 213.6 Q 2.5(ya)-.15 G (re interpreted by def)241.61 213.6 Q(ault.)-.1 E F1(\\a)144 225.6 Q F0 (alert \(bell\))180 225.6 Q F1(\\b)144 237.6 Q F0(backspace)180 237.6 Q F1(\\c) 144 249.6 Q F0(suppress trailing ne)180 249.6 Q(wline)-.25 E F1(\\f)144 261.6 Q F0(form feed)180 261.6 Q F1(\\n)144 273.6 Q F0(ne)180 273.6 Q 2.5(wl)-.25 G (ine)201.69 273.6 Q F1(\\r)144 285.6 Q F0(carriage return)180 285.6 Q F1(\\t) 144 297.6 Q F0(horizontal tab)180 297.6 Q F1(\\v)144 309.6 Q F0 -.15(ve)180 309.6 S(rtical tab).15 E F1(\\\\)144 321.6 Q F0(backslash)180 321.6 Q F1(\\nnn) 144 333.6 Q F0(the character whose ASCII code is)180 333.6 Q F2(nnn)2.5 E F0 (\(octal\))2.5 E F1(enable)108 350.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F1A F0 2.5(][)C F1 (\255all)162.03 350.4 Q F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)187.45 350.4 Q F0(...])2.5 E .682 (Enable and disable b)144 362.4 R .683(uiltin shell commands.)-.2 F .683 (This allo)5.683 F .683(ws the e)-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .683 (cution of a disk command which).15 F .324(has the same name as a shell b)144 374.4 R .324(uiltin without specifying a full pathname.)-.2 F(If)5.324 E F1 2.824 E F0 .324(is used, each)2.824 F F2(name)2.823 E F0 .18 (is disabled; otherwise,)144 386.4 R F2(names)2.68 E F0 .18(are enabled.)2.68 F -.15(Fo)5.18 G 2.68(re).15 G .181(xample, to use the)338.81 386.4 R F1(test) 2.681 E F0 .181(binary found via the)2.681 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -.666(PA) 2.681 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .749(instead of the shell b)144 398.4 R .749(uiltin v)-.2 F .749(ersion, type `)-.15 F .748(`enable -n test')-.74 F 3.248('. If)-.74 F .748(no ar)3.248 F .748(guments are gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .748 (n, a list of all).15 F .424(enabled shell b)144 410.4 R .424 (uiltins is printed.)-.2 F .424(If only)5.424 F F12.924 E F0 .425 (is supplied, a list of all disabled b)2.924 F .425(uiltins is printed.)-.2 F (If)5.425 E(only)144 422.4 Q F1(\255all)2.547 E F0 .047 (is supplied, the list printed includes all b)2.547 F .046 (uiltins, with an indication of whether or not each)-.2 F .28(is enabled.)144 434.4 R F1(enable)5.28 E F0(accepts)2.78 E F12.78 E F0 .28(as a synon) 2.78 F .28(ym for)-.15 F F1(\255all)2.78 E F0 5.28(.T)C .281(he return v)370.8 434.4 R .281(alue is 0 unless a)-.25 F F2(name)2.781 E F0 .281(is not a)2.781 F (shell b)144 446.4 Q(uiltin.)-.2 E F1 -2.3 -.15(ev a)108 463.2 T(l).15 E F0([) 2.5 E F2(ar)A(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E(The)144 475.2 Q F2(ar)3.171 E(g)-.37 E F0 3.171(sa)C .671(re read and concatenated together into a single command.) 187.742 475.2 R .67(This command is then read)5.67 F .164(and e)144 487.2 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .164(cuted by the shell, and its e).15 F .165 (xit status is returned as the v)-.15 F .165(alue of the)-.25 F F1 -2.3 -.15 (ev a)2.665 H(l).15 E F0 2.665(command. If)2.665 F(there)2.665 E(are no)144 499.2 Q F2(ar)2.5 E(gs)-.37 E F0 2.5(,o).27 G 2.5(ro)198.89 499.2 S (nly null ar)209.72 499.2 Q(guments,)-.18 E F1 -2.3 -.15(ev a)2.5 H(l).15 E F0 (returns true.)2.5 E F1(exec)108 516 Q F0([[)2.5 E F1A F0(])A F2(command) 2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(guments)-.37 E F0(]])A(If)144 528 Q F2(command)2.91 E F0 .41(is speci\214ed, it replaces the shell.)2.91 F .41(No ne)5.41 F 2.91(wp) -.25 G .41(rocess is created.)371.42 528 R(The)5.41 E F2(ar)2.91 E(guments)-.37 E F0(become)2.91 E 1.238(the ar)144 540 R 1.238(guments to)-.18 F F2(command) 3.738 E F0 6.238(.I)C 3.738(ft)267.642 540 S 1.238(he \214rst ar)277.49 540 R 1.238(gument is)-.18 F F13.738 E F0 3.738(,t)C 1.239 (he shell places a dash in the zeroth ar)376.42 540 R(g)-.18 E 1.049(passed to) 144 552 R F2(command)3.549 E F0 6.049(.T).77 G 1.048(his is what login does.) 239.847 552 R 1.048(If the \214le cannot be e)6.048 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.048 (cuted for some reason, a).15 F(non-interacti)144 564 Q .91 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .611(hell e).15 F .611(xits, unless the shell v)-.15 F(ariable)-.25 E F1 (no_exit_on_failed_exec)3.111 E F0 -.15(ex)3.111 G .611(ists, in which case).15 F .333(it returns f)144 576 R 2.833(ailure. An)-.1 F(interacti)2.833 E .633 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .333(hell returns f).15 F .332 (ailure if the \214le cannot be e)-.1 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.832(cuted. If).15 F F2 (command)2.832 E F0(is)2.832 E(not speci\214ed, an)144 588 Q 2.5(yr)-.15 G (edirections tak)219.95 588 Q 2.5(ee)-.1 G -.25(ff)289.83 588 S (ect in the current shell, and the return status is 0.).25 E F1(exit)108 604.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0 6.29(]C)C .122(ause the shell to e)150.67 604.8 R .122 (xit with a status of)-.15 F F2(n)2.623 E F0 5.123(.I)C(f)315.064 604.8 Q F2(n) 2.623 E F0 .123(is omitted, the e)2.623 F .123 (xit status is that of the last command)-.15 F -.15(exe)144 616.8 S 2.5 (cuted. A).15 F(trap on)2.5 E F3(EXIT)2.5 E F0(is e)2.25 E -.15(xe)-.15 G (cuted before the shell terminates.).15 E F1(export)108 633.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1 (\255nf)A F0 2.5(][).833 G F2(name)166.183 633.6 Q F0([=)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 (]] ...)A F1(export \255p)108 645.6 Q F0 .306(The supplied)144 657.6 R F2 (names)2.806 E F0 .306(are mark)2.806 F .305(ed for automatic e)-.1 F .305 (xport to the en)-.15 F .305(vironment of subsequently e)-.4 F -.15(xe)-.15 G (cuted).15 E 2.693(commands. If)144 669.6 R(the)2.693 E F12.693 E F0 .193 (option is gi)2.693 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .193(n, the).15 F F2(names)2.693 E F0 .193 (refer to functions.)2.693 F .193(If no)5.193 F F2(names)2.693 E F0 .193 (are gi)2.693 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .194(n, or if the).15 F F1144 681.6 Q F0 .66(option is supplied, a list of all names that are e)3.16 F .659 (xported in this shell is printed.)-.15 F(The)5.659 E F13.159 E F0 (option)3.159 E .537(causes the e)144 693.6 R .537(xport property to be remo) -.15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.037(df).15 G .537(rom the named v)318.099 693.6 R 3.038 (ariables. An)-.25 F(ar)3.038 E .538(gument of)-.18 F F13.038 E F0 (disables)3.038 E .666(option checking for the rest of the ar)144 705.6 R (guments.)-.18 E F1(export)5.665 E F0 .665(returns an e)3.165 F .665 (xit status of 0 unless an ille)-.15 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(l).05 E .32 (option is encountered, one of the)144 717.6 R F2(names)2.82 E F0 .32 (is not a le)2.82 F -.05(ga)-.15 G 2.82(ls).05 G .32(hell v)366.18 717.6 R .32 (ariable name, or)-.25 F F12.82 E F0 .32(is supplied with a)2.82 F F2 (name)144 729.6 Q F0(that is not a function.)2.5 E 170.955(GNU 1993)72 768 R (September 16)2.5 E(3)535 768 Q EP %%Page: 4 4 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S(SH_B).35 E(UIL)-.1 E 290.48 (TINS\(1\) B)-.92 F(ASH_B)-.35 E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(fc)108 84 Q F0([)2.5 E F1A/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(ename)2.5 E F0 2.5 (][)C F1(\255nlr)169.5 84 Q F0 2.5(][)C F2<8c72>197.14 84 Q(st)-.1 E F0 2.5(][) C F2(last)221.76 84 Q F0(])A F1(fc \255s)108 96 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(pat)A F0(=)A F2 -.37(re)C(p).37 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(cmd)174.23 96 Q F0(])A .665(Fix Command.)144 108 R .665(In the \214rst form, a range of commands from)5.665 F F2<8c72>3.164 E(st)-.1 E F0(to)3.164 E F2(last)3.164 E F0 .664(is selected from the his-) 3.164 F .967(tory list.)144 120 R F2 -.45(Fi)5.967 G -.1(rs).45 G(t).1 E F0 (and)3.467 E F2(last)3.467 E F0 .967 (may be speci\214ed as a string \(to locate the last command be)3.467 F .968 (ginning with)-.15 F .797(that string\) or as a number \(an inde)144 132 R 3.297(xi)-.15 G .797(nto the history list, where a ne)300.756 132 R -.05(ga) -.15 G(ti).05 E 1.097 -.15(ve n)-.25 H .796(umber is used as an).15 F(of)144 144 Q .321(fset from the current command number\).)-.25 F(If)5.322 E F2(last) 2.822 E F0 .322(is not speci\214ed it is set to the current command)2.822 F .019(for listing \(so that)144 156 R F1 .019(fc \255l \25510)2.519 F F0 .019 (prints the last 10 commands\) and to)2.519 F F2<8c72>2.519 E(st)-.1 E F0 2.519 (otherwise. If)2.519 F F2<8c72>2.519 E(st)-.1 E F0 .019(is not spec-)2.519 F (i\214ed it is set to the pre)144 168 Q (vious command for editing and \25516 for listing.)-.25 E(The)144 192 Q F1 2.92 E F0 .42(\215ag suppresses the command numbers when listing.)2.92 F (The)5.421 E F12.921 E F0 .421(\215ag re)2.921 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .421 (rses the order of the).15 F 3.642(commands. If)144 204 R(the)3.642 E F1 3.642 E F0 1.142(\215ag is gi)3.642 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.142 (n, the commands are listed on standard output.).15 F 1.142(Otherwise, the) 6.142 F .378(editor gi)144 216 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.878(nb).15 G(y)199.906 216 Q F2(ename)2.878 E F0 .378(is in)2.878 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.878(do).1 G 2.878(na\214)285.708 216 S .378(le containing those commands.)306.464 216 R(If) 5.378 E F2(ename)2.878 E F0 .379(is not gi)2.879 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .379(n, the) .15 F -.25(va)144 228 S .805(lue of the).25 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(FCEDIT)3.305 E F0 -.25(va)3.055 G .805(riable is used, and the v).25 F .805(alue of)-.25 F F3(EDIT)3.305 E(OR)-.162 E F0(if)3.054 E F3(FCEDIT)3.304 E F0 .804(is not set.) 3.054 F .804(If neither)5.804 F -.25(va)144 240 S(riable is set, is used.).25 E (When editing is complete, the edited commands are echoed and e)5 E -.15(xe) -.15 G(cuted.).15 E .039(In the second form,)144 264 R F2(command)2.539 E F0 .039(is re-e)2.539 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .039(cuted after each instance of).15 F F2 (pat)2.54 E F0 .04(is replaced by)2.54 F F2 -.37(re)2.54 G(p).37 E F0 5.04(.A)C (useful)515.56 264 Q 1.009(alias to use with this is `)144 276 R 1.008 (`r=fc \255s')-.74 F 1.008(', so that typing `)-.74 F 1.008(`r cc')-.74 F 3.508 ('r)-.74 G 1.008(uns the last command be)385.39 276 R 1.008(ginning with)-.15 F -.74(``)144 288 S(cc').74 E 2.5('a)-.74 G(nd typing `)171.66 288 Q(`r')-.74 E 2.5('r)-.74 G(e-e)233.22 288 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cutes the last command.).15 E .426(If the \214rst form is used, the return v)144 312 R .427 (alue is 0 unless an ille)-.25 F -.05(ga)-.15 G 2.927(lo).05 G .427 (ption is encountered or)399.768 312 R F2<8c72>2.927 E(st)-.1 E F0(or)2.927 E F2(last)2.927 E F0 .455(specify history lines out of range.)144 324 R .454 (If the)5.454 F F12.954 E F0 .454(option is supplied, the return v)2.954 F .454(alue is the v)-.25 F .454(alue of the)-.25 F .787(last command e)144 336 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .787(cuted or f).15 F .788 (ailure if an error occurs with the temporary \214le of commands.)-.1 F .788 (If the)5.788 F 1.196 (second form is used, the return status is that of the command re-e)144 348 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.196(cuted, unless).15 F F2(cmd)3.696 E F0 1.196(does not)3.696 F(specify a v)144 360 Q(alid history line, in which case)-.25 E F1(fc)2.5 E F0 (returns f)2.5 E(ailure.)-.1 E F1(fg)108 376.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(jobspec)A F0(])A (Place)144 388.8 Q F2(jobspec)3.041 E F0 .541(in the fore)3.041 F .542 (ground, and mak)-.15 F 3.042(ei)-.1 G 3.042(tt)323.06 388.8 S .542 (he current job)331.662 388.8 R 5.542(.I)-.4 G(f)399.258 388.8 Q F2(jobspec) 3.042 E F0 .542(is not present, the shell')3.042 F(s)-.55 E .958(notion of the) 144 400.8 R F2(curr)3.458 E .958(ent job)-.37 F F0 .957(is used.)3.457 F .957 (The return v)5.957 F .957(alue is that of the command placed into the fore-) -.25 F .194(ground, or f)144 412.8 R .194 (ailure if run when job control is disabled or)-.1 F 2.695(,w)-.4 G .195 (hen run with job control enabled, if)378.655 412.8 R F2(job-)2.695 E(spec)144 424.8 Q F0(does not specify a v)2.5 E(alid job or)-.25 E F2(jobspec)2.5 E F0 (speci\214es a job that w)2.5 E(as started without job control.)-.1 E F1 (getopts)108 441.6 Q F2(optstring name)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(gs)-.37 E F0(]) A F1(getopts)144 453.6 Q F0 .828 (is used by shell procedures to parse positional parameters.)3.328 F F2 (optstring)5.827 E F0 .827(contains the option)3.327 F .602 (letters to be recognized; if a letter is follo)144 465.6 R .603 (wed by a colon, the option is e)-.25 F .603(xpected to ha)-.15 F .903 -.15 (ve a)-.2 H 3.103(na).15 G -.18(rg)523.52 465.6 S(u-).18 E .7 (ment, which should be separated from it by white space.)144 477.6 R .7 (Each time it is in)5.7 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d,).1 E F1(getopts)3.2 E F0 (places)3.2 E .008(the ne)144 489.6 R .008(xt option in the shell v)-.15 F (ariable)-.25 E F2(name)2.508 E F0 2.508(,i).18 G(nitializing)316.884 489.6 Q F2(name)2.508 E F0 .009(if it does not e)2.508 F .009(xist, and the inde)-.15 F 2.509(xo)-.15 G 2.509(ft)521.941 489.6 S(he)530.56 489.6 Q(ne)144 501.6 Q .199 (xt ar)-.15 F .199(gument to be processed into the v)-.18 F(ariable)-.25 E F3 (OPTIND)2.699 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F3(OPTIND)4.699 E F0 .198 (is initialized to 1 each time the)2.449 F .497(shell or a shell script is in) 144 513.6 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.997(d. When).1 F .498 (an option requires an ar)2.997 F(gument,)-.18 E F1(getopts)2.998 E F0 .498 (places that ar)2.998 F(gu-)-.18 E .028(ment into the v)144 525.6 R(ariable) -.25 E F3(OPT)2.528 E(ARG)-.81 E F4(.)A F0 .028(The shell does not reset)4.528 F F3(OPTIND)2.528 E F0 .027(automatically; it must be manu-)2.278 F .161 (ally reset between multiple calls to)144 537.6 R F1(getopts)2.661 E F0 .161 (within the same shell in)2.661 F -.2(vo)-.4 G .161(cation if a ne).2 F 2.662 (ws)-.25 G .162(et of param-)490.806 537.6 R(eters is to be used.)144 549.6 Q F1(getopts)144 573.6 Q F0 1.252(can report errors in tw)3.752 F 3.752(ow)-.1 G 3.752(ays. If)287.942 573.6 R 1.252(the \214rst character of)3.752 F F2 (optstring)3.752 E F0 1.251(is a colon,)3.752 F F2(silent)3.751 E F0(error) 3.751 E 1.442(reporting is used.)144 585.6 R 1.442 (In normal operation diagnostic messages are printed when ille)6.442 F -.05(ga) -.15 G 3.943(lo).05 G 1.443(ptions or)503.277 585.6 R .654(missing option ar) 144 597.6 R .653(guments are encountered.)-.18 F .653(If the v)5.653 F(ariable) -.25 E F3(OPTERR)3.153 E F0 .653(is set to 0, no error message)2.903 F (will be displayed, e)144 609.6 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(ft)241.09 609.6 S(he \214rst character of)249.7 609.6 Q F2(optstring)2.5 E F0 (is not a colon.)2.5 E .826(If an ille)144 633.6 R -.05(ga)-.15 G 3.326(lo).05 G .826(ption is seen,)199.878 633.6 R F1(getopts)3.326 E F0 .826(places ? into) 3.326 F F2(name)3.326 E F0 .826(and, if not silent, prints an error message) 3.326 F .4(and unsets)144 645.6 R F3(OPT)2.9 E(ARG)-.81 E F4(.)A F0(If)4.899 E F1(getopts)2.899 E F0 .399(is silent, the option character found is placed in) 2.899 F F3(OPT)2.899 E(ARG)-.81 E F0 .399(and no)2.649 F (diagnostic message is printed.)144 657.6 Q 1.241(If a required ar)144 681.6 R 1.241(gument is not found, and)-.18 F F1(getopts)3.741 E F0 1.241 (is not silent, a question mark \()3.741 F F1(?).833 E F0 3.742(\)i).833 G 3.742(sp)494.746 681.6 S 1.242(laced in)507.378 681.6 R F2(name)144 693.6 Q F0 (,).18 E F1(OPT)3.357 E(ARG)-.9 E F0 .856 (is unset, and a diagnostic message is printed.)3.357 F(If)5.856 E F1(getopts) 3.356 E F0 .856(is silent, then a colon)3.356 F(\()144 705.6 Q F1(:).833 E F0 2.5(\)i).833 G 2.5(sp)160.936 705.6 S(laced in)172.326 705.6 Q F2(name)2.5 E F0 (and)2.5 E F3(OPT)2.5 E(ARG)-.81 E F0(is set to the option character found.) 2.25 E F1(getopts)144 729.6 Q F0 2.392 (normally parses the positional parameters, b)4.892 F 2.392(ut if more ar)-.2 F 2.393(guments are gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 4.893(ni).15 G(n)509.927 729.6 Q F2 (ar)4.893 E(gs)-.37 E F0(,).27 E 170.955(GNU 1993)72 768 R(September 16)2.5 E (4)535 768 Q EP %%Page: 5 5 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S(SH_B).35 E(UIL)-.1 E 290.48 (TINS\(1\) B)-.92 F(ASH_B)-.35 E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(getopts)144 84 Q F0 .651(parses those instead.)3.151 F F1(getopts)5.651 E F0 .651(returns true if an option, speci\214ed or unspeci\214ed, is found.)3.151 F (It returns f)144 96 Q (alse if the end of options is encountered or an error occurs.)-.1 E F1(hash) 108 112.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1A F0 2.5(][)C/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(name) 153.14 112.8 Q F0(])A -.15(Fo)144 124.8 S 2.819(re).15 G(ach)164.999 124.8 Q F2 (name)2.819 E F0 2.819(,t).18 G .319 (he full pathname of the command is determined and remembered.)211.637 124.8 R (The)5.32 E F12.82 E F0(option)2.82 E .508(causes the shell to for)144 136.8 R .508(get all remembered locations.)-.18 F .508(If no ar)5.508 F .508 (guments are gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .507(n, information about).15 F .193 (remembered commands is printed.)144 148.8 R .193(An ar)5.193 F .193(gument of) -.18 F F12.693 E F0 .194(disables option checking for the rest of the) 2.693 F(ar)144 160.8 Q 2.5(guments. The)-.18 F(return status is true unless a) 2.5 E F2(name)2.5 E F0(is not found or an ille)2.5 E -.05(ga)-.15 G 2.5(lo).05 G(ption is supplied.)453.86 160.8 Q F1(help)108 177.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(pattern)A F0(])A .991(Display helpful information about b)144 189.6 R .991 (uiltin commands.)-.2 F(If)5.991 E F2(pattern)3.491 E F0 .991(is speci\214ed,) 3.491 F F1(help)3.491 E F0(gi)3.49 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.49(sd).15 G(etailed) 513.34 189.6 Q .408(help on all commands matching)144 201.6 R F2(pattern)2.909 E F0 2.909(;o).24 G .409(therwise a list of the b)316.13 201.6 R .409 (uiltins is printed.)-.2 F .409(The return sta-)5.409 F (tus is 0 unless no command matches)144 213.6 Q F2(pattern)2.5 E F0(.).24 E F1 (history)108 230.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A F1(history \255rwan)108 242.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(\214lename)A F0(])A -.4(Wi)144 254.4 S .752 (th no options, display the command history list with line numbers.).4 F .752 (Lines listed with a)5.752 F F1(*)3.251 E F0(ha)3.251 E -.15(ve)-.2 G .375 (been modi\214ed.)144 266.4 R .375(An ar)5.375 F .375(gument of)-.18 F F2(n) 2.875 E F0 .375(lists only the last)2.875 F F2(n)2.875 E F0 2.875(lines. If) 2.875 F 2.876(an)2.876 G .376(on-option ar)411.832 266.4 R .376 (gument is supplied,)-.18 F .811 (it is used as the name of the history \214le; if not, the v)144 278.4 R .811 (alue of)-.25 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(HISTFILE)3.311 E F0 .811(is used.)3.061 F .811(Options, if sup-)5.811 F(plied, ha)144 290.4 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H (he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1144 302.4 Q F0 .598(Append the `) 180 302.4 R(`ne)-.74 E(w')-.25 E 3.098('h)-.74 G .598 (istory lines \(history lines entered since the be)266.424 302.4 R .599 (ginning of the current)-.15 F F1(bash)180 314.4 Q F0 (session\) to the history \214le)2.5 E F1144 326.4 Q F0 .854(Read the hi\ story lines not already read from the history \214le into the current history \ list.)180 326.4 R .772 (These are lines appended to the history \214le since the be)180 338.4 R .773 (ginning of the current)-.15 F F1(bash)3.273 E F0(ses-)3.273 E(sion.)180 350.4 Q F1144 362.4 Q F0 (Read the contents of the history \214le and use them as the current history) 180 362.4 Q F1144 374.4 Q F0 (Write the current history to the history \214le, o)180 374.4 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G (rwriting the history \214le').15 E 2.5(sc)-.55 G(ontents.)474.4 374.4 Q .989 (The return v)144 391.2 R .989(alue is 0 unless an ille)-.25 F -.05(ga)-.15 G 3.489(lo).05 G .989(ption is encountered or an error occurs while reading or) 308.662 391.2 R(writing the history \214le.)144 403.2 Q F1(jobs)108 420 Q F0([) 2.5 E F1(\255lnp)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(jobspec)A F0(... ])2.5 E F1(jobs \255x)108 432 Q F2(command)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)2.5 E(gs)-.37 E F0(... ])2.5 E .297 (The \214rst form lists the acti)144 444 R .598 -.15(ve j)-.25 H 2.798 (obs. The).15 F F12.798 E F0 .298 (option lists process IDs in addition to the normal infor)2.798 F(-)-.2 E .746 (mation; the)144 456 R F13.246 E F0 .745 (option lists only the process ID of the job')3.246 F 3.245(sp)-.55 G .745 (rocess group leader)394.205 456 R 5.745(.T)-.55 G(he)487.25 456 Q F1 3.245 E F0(option)3.245 E 2.08(displays only jobs that ha)144 468 R 2.38 -.15 (ve c)-.2 H 2.081(hanged status since last noti\214ed.).15 F(If)7.081 E F2 (jobspec)4.581 E F0 2.081(is gi)4.581 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.081(n, output is).15 F .727(restricted to information about that job)144 480 R 5.727(.T)-.4 G .727 (he return status is 0 unless an ille)316.282 480 R -.05(ga)-.15 G 3.227(lo).05 G .726(ption is encoun-)474.108 480 R(tered or an ille)144 492 Q -.05(ga)-.15 G (l).05 E F2(jobspec)2.5 E F0(is supplied.)2.5 E .607(If the)144 516 R F1 3.107 E F0 .607(option is supplied,)3.107 F F1(jobs)3.107 E F0 .607 (replaces an)3.107 F(y)-.15 E F2(jobspec)3.107 E F0 .607(found in)3.107 F F2 (command)3.107 E F0(or)3.107 E F2(ar)3.107 E(gs)-.37 E F0 .607(with the corre-) 3.107 F(sponding process group ID, and e)144 528 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cutes).15 E F2(command)2.5 E F0(passing it)2.5 E F2(ar)2.5 E(gs)-.37 E F0 2.5(,r).27 G (eturning its e)418.56 528 Q(xit status.)-.15 E F1(kill)108 544.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(-s sigspec)A F0(|)2.5 E F1(\255sigspec)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(pid)219.31 544.8 Q F0(|)2.5 E F2(jobspec)2.5 E F0 2.5(].)C(..)277.97 544.8 Q F1(kill \255l)108 556.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(signum)A F0(])A .943(Send the signal named by)144 568.8 R F2(sigspec)3.443 E F0 .942(to the processes named by)3.443 F F2(pid)3.442 E F0 (or)3.442 E F2(jobspec)3.442 E F0(.).31 E F2(sigspec)5.942 E F0 .942 (is either a)3.442 F .908(signal name such as)144 580.8 R F3(SIGKILL)3.408 E F0 .908(or a signal number)3.158 F 5.908(.I)-.55 G(f)359.638 580.8 Q F2(sigspec) 3.408 E F0 .908(is a signal name, the name is case)3.408 F(insensiti)144 592.8 Q 2.43 -.15(ve a)-.25 H 2.13(nd may be gi).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 4.63(nw).15 G 2.13(ith or without the)279.67 592.8 R F3(SIG)4.63 E F0 4.629(pre\214x. If) 4.379 F F2(sigspec)4.629 E F0 2.129(is not present, then)4.629 F F3(SIGTERM)144 604.8 Q F0 .813(is assumed.)3.063 F .813(An ar)5.813 F .813(gument of)-.18 F F1 3.313 E F0 .814(lists the signal names.)3.313 F .814(If an)5.814 F 3.314 (ya)-.15 G -.18(rg)450.232 604.8 S .814(uments are supplied).18 F(when)144 616.8 Q F12.827 E F0 .327(is gi)2.827 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .327(n, the names\ of the speci\214ed signals are listed, and the return status is 0.).15 F .326 (An ar)5.326 F(gu-)-.18 E .484(ment of)144 628.8 R F12.984 E F0 .484 (disables option checking for the rest of the ar)2.984 F(guments.)-.18 E F1 (kill)5.485 E F0 .485(returns true if at least one)2.985 F(signal w)144 640.8 Q (as successfully sent, or f)-.1 E(alse if an error occurs or an ille)-.1 E -.05 (ga)-.15 G 2.5(lo).05 G(ption is encountered.)419.09 640.8 Q F1(let)108 657.6 Q F2(ar)2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E(Each)144 669.6 Q F2(ar)3.677 E(g)-.37 E F0 1.177(is an arithmetic e)3.677 F 1.177 (xpression to be e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G 1.177(luated \(see).25 F F3 1.176 (ARITHMETIC EV)3.677 F(ALU)-1.215 E -.855(AT)-.54 G(ION).855 E/F4 9 /Times-Roman@0 SF(\).)A F0 1.176(If the)5.676 F(last)144 681.6 Q F2(ar)2.5 E(g) -.37 E F0 -.25(eva)2.5 G(luates to 0,).25 E F1(let)2.5 E F0 (returns 1; 0 is returned otherwise.)2.5 E F1(local)108 698.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F2 (name)A F0([=)A F2(value)A F0 2.5(].)C(..])194.45 698.4 Q -.15(Fo)144 710.4 S 3.276(re).15 G .776(ach ar)165.456 710.4 R .776(gument, create a local v)-.18 F .776(ariable named)-.25 F F2(name)3.276 E F0 3.276(,a).18 G .776(nd assign it) 380.784 710.4 R F2(value)3.276 E F0 5.777(.W).18 G(hen)470.729 710.4 Q F1 (local)3.277 E F0 .777(is used)3.277 F .131(within a function, it causes the v) 144 722.4 R(ariable)-.25 E F2(name)2.631 E F0 .131(to ha)2.631 F .431 -.15 (ve a v)-.2 H .13(isible scope restricted to that function and).15 F 170.955 (GNU 1993)72 768 R(September 16)2.5 E(5)535 768 Q EP %%Page: 6 6 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S(SH_B).35 E(UIL)-.1 E 290.48 (TINS\(1\) B)-.92 F(ASH_B)-.35 E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E .232(its children.) 144 84 R -.4(Wi)5.232 G .232(th no operands,).4 F/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(local) 2.733 E F0 .233(writes a list of local v)2.733 F .233 (ariables to the standard output.)-.25 F .233(It is an)5.233 F .42 (error to use)144 96 R F1(local)2.92 E F0 .42(when not within a function.)2.92 F .42(The return status is 0 unless)5.42 F F1(local)2.92 E F0 .42 (is used outside a)2.92 F(function, or an ille)144 108 Q -.05(ga)-.15 G(l).05 E /F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(name)2.5 E F0(is supplied.)2.5 E F1(logout)108 124.8 Q F0(Exit a login shell.)9.33 E F1(popd)108 141.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(+/\255n)A F0(]) A(Remo)144 153.6 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.799(se).15 G .299 (ntries from the directory stack.)188.159 153.6 R -.4(Wi)5.299 G .299(th no ar) .4 F .299(guments, remo)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.799(st).15 G .3 (he top directory from the)438.82 153.6 R(stack, and performs a)144 165.6 Q F1 (cd)2.5 E F0(to the ne)2.5 E 2.5(wt)-.25 G(op directory)291.22 165.6 Q(.)-.65 E F1(+n)144 177.6 Q F0(remo)180 177.6 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.849(st).15 G(he)219.209 177.6 Q F2(n)2.849 E F0 .349(th entry counting from the left of the list sho)B .349(wn by)-.25 F F1(dirs)2.848 E F0 2.848(,s)C .348(tarting with zero.)470.704 177.6 R -.15(Fo)180 189.6 S 2.5(re).15 G(xample: `)200.53 189.6 Q(`popd +0') -.74 E 2.5('r)-.74 G(emo)286.06 189.6 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(st).15 G (he \214rst directory)321.59 189.6 Q 2.5(,`)-.65 G(`popd +1')394.63 189.6 Q 2.5 ('t)-.74 G(he second.)442.3 189.6 Q F1144 201.6 Q F0(remo)180 201.6 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.501(st).15 G(he)218.861 201.6 Q F2(n)2.501 E F0 .001 (th entry counting from the right of the list sho)B .001(wn by)-.25 F F1(dirs) 2.502 E F0 2.502(,s)C .002(tarting with zero.)471.396 201.6 R -.15(Fo)180 213.6 S 2.5(re).15 G(xample: `)200.53 213.6 Q(`popd -0')-.74 E 2.5('r)-.74 G(emo) 283.75 213.6 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(st).15 G(he last directory)319.28 213.6 Q 2.5 (,`)-.65 G(`popd -1')390.65 213.6 Q 2.5('t)-.74 G(he ne)436.01 213.6 Q (xt to last.)-.15 E .644(If the)144 230.4 R F1(popd)3.144 E F0 .644 (command is successful, a)3.144 F F1(dirs)3.143 E F0 .643 (is performed as well, and the return status is 0.)3.143 F F1(popd)5.643 E F0 .57(returns f)144 242.4 R .57(alse if an ille)-.1 F -.05(ga)-.15 G 3.07(lo).05 G .571(ption is encountered, the directory stack is empty)251.25 242.4 R 3.071 (,an)-.65 G(on-e)469.319 242.4 Q .571(xistent direc-)-.15 F (tory stack entry is speci\214ed, or the directory change f)144 254.4 Q(ails.) -.1 E F1(pushd)108 271.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(dir)A F0(])A F1(pushd +/\255n)108 283.2 Q F0 .64(Adds a directory to the top of the directory stack, or rotates \ the stack, making the ne)144 295.2 R 3.139(wt)-.25 G .639(op of the)503.172 295.2 R 1.315(stack the current w)144 307.2 R 1.315(orking directory)-.1 F 6.315(.W)-.65 G 1.315(ith no ar)306.885 307.2 R 1.315(guments, e)-.18 F 1.316 (xchanges the top tw)-.15 F 3.816(od)-.1 G 1.316(irectories and)484.534 307.2 R (returns 0, unless the directory stack is empty)144 319.2 Q(.)-.65 E F1(+n)144 331.2 Q F0 1.268(Rotates the stack so that the)180 331.2 R F2(n)3.768 E F0 1.267(th directory \(counting from the left of the list sho)B 1.267(wn by)-.25 F F1(dirs)180 343.2 Q F0 2.5(\)i)C 2.5(sa)205.28 343.2 S 2.5(tt)216.11 343.2 S (he top.)224.17 343.2 Q F1144 355.2 Q F0(Rotates the stack so that the) 180 355.2 Q F2(n)2.5 E F0 (th directory \(counting from the right\) is at the top.)A F1(dir)144 367.2 Q F0(adds)180 367.2 Q F2(dir)2.5 E F0 (to the directory stack at the top, making it the ne)2.5 E 2.5(wc)-.25 G (urrent w)422.5 367.2 Q(orking directory)-.1 E(.)-.65 E .488(If the)144 384 R F1(pushd)2.988 E F0 .488(command is successful, a)2.988 F F1(dirs)2.988 E F0 .488(is performed as well.)2.988 F .489(If the \214rst form is used,)5.488 F F1 (pushd)2.989 E F0 1.103(returns 0 unless the cd to)144 396 R F2(dir)3.603 E F0 -.1(fa)3.603 G 3.603(ils. W).1 F 1.103(ith the second form,)-.4 F F1(pushd) 3.603 E F0 1.103(returns 0 unless the directory)3.603 F .846(stack is empty)144 408 R 3.346(,an)-.65 G(on-e)220.894 408 Q .847(xistant directory stack element\ is speci\214ed, or the directory change to the)-.15 F(speci\214ed ne)144 420 Q 2.5(wc)-.25 G(urrent directory f)205.4 420 Q(ails.)-.1 E F1(pwd)108 436.8 Q F0 .725(Print the absolute pathname of the current w)144 436.8 R .724 (orking directory)-.1 F 5.724(.T)-.65 G .724(he path printed contains no sym-) 405.56 436.8 R .521(bolic links if the)144 448.8 R F13.021 E F0 .521 (option to the)3.021 F F1(set)3.021 E F0 -.2(bu)3.021 G .521 (iltin command is set.).2 F .521(See also the description of)5.521 F F1 (nolinks)3.022 E F0(under)144 460.8 Q F1 .074(Shell V)2.574 F(ariables)-.92 E F0(abo)2.574 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.574(\). The).15 F .074 (return status is 0 unless an error occurs while reading the path-)2.574 F (name of the current directory)144 472.8 Q(.)-.65 E F1 -.18(re)108 489.6 S(ad) .18 E F0([)2.5 E F1A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)152.39 489.6 Q F0(...])2.5 E .036(One line is read from the standard input, and the \214rst w)144 501.6 R .037(ord is assigned to the \214rst)-.1 F F2(name)2.537 E F0 2.537(,t).18 G .037(he second)500.253 501.6 R -.1(wo)144 513.6 S .109(rd to the second).1 F F2 (name)2.609 E F0 2.609(,a).18 G .109(nd so on, with lefto)254.045 513.6 R -.15 (ve)-.15 G 2.609(rw).15 G .109(ords assigned to the last)354.18 513.6 R F2 (name)2.609 E F0 5.109(.O).18 G .108(nly the char)489.444 513.6 R(-)-.2 E .143 (acters in)144 525.6 R/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(IFS)2.643 E F0 .143 (are recognized as w)2.393 F .143(ord delimiters.)-.1 F .143(If no)5.143 F F2 (names)2.643 E F0 .144(are supplied, the line read is assigned)2.643 F .194 (to the v)144 537.6 R(ariable)-.25 E F3(REPL)2.694 E(Y)-.828 E/F4 9 /Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .194 (The return code is zero, unless end-of-\214le is encountered.)4.694 F .193 (If the)5.193 F F12.693 E F0(option)2.693 E .444(is gi)144 549.6 R -.15 (ve)-.25 G .444(n, a backslash-ne).15 F .444 (wline pair is not ignored, and the backslash is considered to be part of the) -.25 F(line.)144 561.6 Q F1 -.18(re)108 578.4 S(adonly).18 E F0([)2.5 E F1 A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)169.62 578.4 Q F0(...])2.5 E F1 -.18(re)108 590.4 S (adonly -p).18 E F0 .419(The gi)144 602.4 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(n).15 E F2(names) 2.919 E F0 .419(are mark)2.919 F .419(ed readonly and the v)-.1 F .419 (alues of these)-.25 F F2(names)2.919 E F0 .418(may not be changed by sub-) 2.919 F .541(sequent assignment.)144 614.4 R .541(If the)5.541 F F13.041 E F0 .541(option is supplied, the functions corresponding to the)3.041 F F2 (names)3.042 E F0 .542(are so)3.042 F(mark)144 626.4 Q 3.037(ed. If)-.1 F .537 (no ar)3.037 F .537(guments are gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .536(n, or if the).15 F F13.036 E F0 .536(option is supplied, a list of all readonly names is) 3.036 F 2.501(printed. An)144 638.4 R(ar)2.501 E .002(gument of)-.18 F F1 2.502 E F0 .002(disables option checking for the rest of the ar)2.502 F 2.502 (guments. The)-.18 F .002(return sta-)2.502 F .192(tus is 0 unless an ille)144 650.4 R -.05(ga)-.15 G 2.692(lo).05 G .192(ption is encountered, one of the) 247.732 650.4 R F2(names)2.691 E F0 .191(is not a le)2.691 F -.05(ga)-.15 G 2.691(ls).05 G .191(hell v)463.498 650.4 R .191(ariable name,)-.25 F(or)144 662.4 Q F12.5 E F0(is supplied with a)2.5 E F2(name)2.5 E F0 (that is not a function.)2.5 E F1 -.18(re)108 679.2 S(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E F0([) 2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A .618(Causes a function to e)144 691.2 R .618 (xit with the return v)-.15 F .618(alue speci\214ed by)-.25 F F2(n)3.118 E F0 5.619(.I).24 G(f)404.557 691.2 Q F2(n)3.119 E F0 .619 (is omitted, the return status is)3.119 F 1.335(that of the last command e)144 703.2 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.335(cuted in the function body).15 F 6.335(.I)-.65 G 3.835(fu)387.48 703.2 S 1.335(sed outside a function, b)399.645 703.2 R 1.335 (ut during)-.2 F -.15(exe)144 715.2 S .794(cution of a script by the).15 F F1 (.)3.294 E F0(\()5.794 E F1(sour)A(ce)-.18 E F0 3.294(\)c)C .794 (ommand, it causes the shell to stop e)309.832 715.2 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .795 (cuting that script).15 F 1.234(and return either)144 727.2 R F2(n)3.734 E F0 1.234(or the e)3.734 F 1.234(xit status of the last command e)-.15 F -.15(xe) -.15 G 1.234(cuted within the script as the e).15 F(xit)-.15 E 170.955 (GNU 1993)72 768 R(September 16)2.5 E(6)535 768 Q EP %%Page: 7 7 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S(SH_B).35 E(UIL)-.1 E 290.48 (TINS\(1\) B)-.92 F(ASH_B)-.35 E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E .393 (status of the script.)144 84 R .393 (If used outside a function and not during e)5.393 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .393 (cution of a script by).15 F/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(.)2.893 E F0 2.893(,t).833 G .393(he return)503.787 84 R(status is f)144 96 Q(alse.)-.1 E F1(set)108 112.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255\255abefhkmnptuvxldCHP)A F0 2.5(][)C F1(-o)243.29 112.8 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(option)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(ar)288.84 112.8 Q(g)-.37 E F0 (...])2.5 E F1144 124.8 Q F0 1.036(Automatically mark v)184 124.8 R 1.036 (ariables which are modi\214ed or created for e)-.25 F 1.035(xport to the en) -.15 F(viron-)-.4 E(ment of subsequent commands.)184 136.8 Q F1144 148.8 Q F0 .721 (Cause the status of terminated background jobs to be reported immediately)184 148.8 R 3.221(,r)-.65 G .721(ather than)499.569 148.8 R(before the ne)184 160.8 Q(xt primary prompt.)-.15 E(\(Also see)5 E F1(notify)2.5 E F0(under)2.5 E F1 (Shell V)2.5 E(ariables)-.92 E F0(abo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F1 144 172.8 Q F0 1.772(Exit immediately if a)184 172.8 R F2(simple-command)4.272 E F0(\(see)4.272 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 1.772(SHELL GRAMMAR)4.272 F F0(abo) 4.022 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 4.271(\)e).15 G 1.771(xits with a)494.788 172.8 R .642 (non\255zero status.)184 184.8 R .642(The shell does not e)5.642 F .642 (xit if the command that f)-.15 F .643(ails is part of an)-.1 F F2(until)3.143 E F0(or)3.143 E F2(while)184 196.8 Q F0 .728(loop, part of an)3.228 F F2(if) 3.228 E F0 .728(statement, part of a)3.228 F F1(&&)3.228 E F0(or)3.228 E/F4 10 /Symbol SF 1.6663.228 G F0 .728(list, or if the command')1.562 F 3.228 (sr)-.55 G(eturn)519.45 196.8 Q -.25(va)184 208.8 S(lue is being in).25 E -.15 (ve)-.4 G(rted via).15 E F1(!)2.5 E F0(.)A F1144 220.8 Q F0 (Disable pathname e)184 220.8 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F1144 232.8 Q F0 .106 (Locate and remember function commands as functions are de\214ned.)184 232.8 R .106(Function commands)5.106 F(are normally look)184 244.8 Q (ed up when the function is e)-.1 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted.).15 E F1144 256.8 Q F0 .162(All k)184 256.8 R -.15(ey)-.1 G -.1(wo).15 G .162(rd ar).1 F .162(guments are placed in the en)-.18 F .161 (vironment for a command, not just those that)-.4 F(precede the command name.) 184 268.8 Q F1144 280.8 Q F0 .009(Monitor mode.)184 280.8 R .009 (Job control is enabled.)5.009 F .009(This \215ag is on by def)5.009 F .01 (ault for interacti)-.1 F .31 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .01(hells on).15 F .124 (systems that support it \(see)184 292.8 R F3 .124(JOB CONTR)2.624 F(OL)-.27 E F0(abo)2.374 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.624(\). Background).15 F .124 (processes run in a sep-)2.624 F .72 (arate process group and a line containing their e)184 304.8 R .721 (xit status is printed upon their comple-)-.15 F(tion.)184 316.8 Q F1144 328.8 Q F0 .653(Read commands b)184 328.8 R .653(ut do not e)-.2 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .653(cute them.).15 F .652(This may be used to check a shell script for)5.653 F(syntax errors.)184 340.8 Q(This is ignored for interacti)5 E .3 -.15(ve s) -.25 H(hells.).15 E F1144 352.8 Q F2(option-name)2.5 E F0(The)184 364.8 Q F2(option-name)2.5 E F0(can be one of the follo)2.5 E(wing:)-.25 E F1 (allexport)184 376.8 Q F0(Same as)224 388.8 Q F12.5 E F0(.)A F1 (braceexpand)184 400.8 Q F0 .312(The shell performs brace e)224 412.8 R .313 (xpansion \(see)-.15 F F1 .313(Brace Expansion)2.813 F F0(abo)2.813 E -.15(ve) -.15 G 2.813(\). This).15 F .313(is on)2.813 F(by def)224 424.8 Q(ault.)-.1 E F1(emacs)184 436.8 Q F0 .089(Use an emacs-style command line editing interf)224 436.8 R 2.589(ace. This)-.1 F .089(is enabled by def)2.589 F(ault)-.1 E .128 (when the shell is interacti)224 448.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.628(,u).15 G .128 (nless the shell is started with the)345.89 448.8 R F1(\255nolineediting)2.629 E F0(option.)224 460.8 Q F1(err)184 472.8 Q(exit)-.18 E F0(Same as)224 472.8 Q F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(histexpand)184 484.8 Q F0(Same as)224 496.8 Q F1 2.5 E F0(.)A F1(ignor)184 508.8 Q(eeof)-.18 E F0 1.024(The ef)224 520.8 R 1.024 (fect is as if the shell command `IGNOREEOF=10' had been e)-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E(\(see)224 532.8 Q F1(Shell V)2.5 E(ariables)-.92 E F0(abo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F1(interacti)184 544.8 Q -.1(ve)-.1 G(\255comments).1 E F0(Allo)224 556.8 Q 2.52(waw)-.25 G .02(ord be)265.35 556.8 R .021 (ginning with)-.15 F F1(#)2.521 E F0 .021(to cause that w)2.521 F .021 (ord and all remaining characters)-.1 F (on that line to be ignored in an interacti)224 568.8 Q .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H (hell \(see).15 E F3(COMMENTS)2.5 E F0(abo)2.25 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F1 (monitor)184 580.8 Q F0(Same as)5.56 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(noclob)184 592.8 Q(ber)-.1 E F0(Same as)224 604.8 Q F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(noexec)184 616.8 Q F0(Same as)224 616.8 Q F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(noglob)184 628.8 Q F0(Same as) 224 628.8 Q F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(nohash)184 640.8 Q F0(Same as)9.43 E F1 2.5 E F0(.)A F1(notify)184 652.8 Q F0(Same as)224 652.8 Q F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(nounset)184 664.8 Q F0(Same as)6.66 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(ph)184 676.8 Q(ysical)-.15 E F0(Same as)5.14 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(posix)184 688.8 Q F0 2.244(Change the beha)224 688.8 R 2.244(vior of bash where the def)-.2 F 2.243(ault operation dif)-.1 F 2.243(fers from the)-.25 F (Posix 1003.2 standard to match the standard.)224 700.8 Q 170.955(GNU 1993)72 768 R(September 16)2.5 E(7)535 768 Q EP %%Page: 8 8 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S(SH_B).35 E(UIL)-.1 E 290.48 (TINS\(1\) B)-.92 F(ASH_B)-.35 E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(pri)184 84 Q(vileged)-.1 E F0(Same as)224 96 Q F12.5 E F0(.)A F1 -.1 (ve)184 108 S(rbose).1 E F0(Same as)7.33 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(vi)184 120 Q F0(Use a vi-style command line editing interf)224 120 Q(ace.)-.1 E F1(xtrace) 184 132 Q F0(Same as)224 132 Q F12.5 E F0(.)A(If no)184 144 Q/F2 10 /Times-Italic@0 SF(option-name)2.5 E F0(is supplied, the v)2.5 E (alues of the current options are printed.)-.25 E F1144 156 Q F0 -.45(Tu) 184 156 S .521(rn on).45 F F2(privile)3.021 E -.1(ge)-.4 G(d).1 E F0 3.021 (mode. In)3.021 F .521(this mode, the)3.021 F F1($ENV)3.021 E F0 .522 (\214le is not processed, and shell func-)3.021 F .26 (tions are not inherited from the en)184 168 R 2.76(vironment. This)-.4 F .26 (is enabled automatically on startup if)2.76 F .481(the ef)184 180 R(fecti)-.25 E .781 -.15(ve u)-.25 H .482 (ser \(group\) id is not equal to the real user \(group\) id.).15 F -.45(Tu) 5.482 G .482(rning this option).45 F(of)184 192 Q 2.5(fc)-.25 G(auses the ef) 202.35 192 Q(fecti)-.25 E .3 -.15(ve u)-.25 H (ser and group ids to be set to the real user and group ids.).15 E F1144 204 Q F0(Exit after reading and e)184 204 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting one command.) .15 E F1144 216 Q F0 -.35(Tr)184 216 S .445(eat unset v).35 F .444 (ariables as an error when performing parameter e)-.25 F 2.944(xpansion. If) -.15 F -.15(ex)2.944 G .444(pansion is).15 F .519(attempted on an unset v)184 228 R .519(ariable, the shell prints an error message, and, if not interacti) -.25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(,).15 E -.15(ex)184 240 S(its with a non\255zero status.) .15 E F1144 252 Q F0(Print shell input lines as the)184 252 Q 2.5(ya)-.15 G(re read.)306.63 252 Q F1144 264 Q F0 1.057(After e)184 264 R 1.056 (xpanding each)-.15 F F2(simple-command)3.556 E F0(,).77 E F1(bash)3.556 E F0 1.056(displays the e)3.556 F 1.056(xpanded v)-.15 F 1.056(alue of)-.25 F/F3 9 /Times-Bold@0 SF(PS4)3.556 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F0(fol-)3.306 E(lo)184 276 Q(wed by the command and its e)-.25 E(xpanded ar)-.15 E(guments.)-.18 E F1 144 288 Q F0(Sa)184 288 Q 1.398 -.15(ve a)-.2 H 1.098 (nd restore the binding of).15 F F2(name)3.598 E F0 1.098(in a)3.598 F F1 -.25 (fo)3.598 G(r).25 E F2(name)3.598 E F0([in)3.599 E F1 -.1(wo)3.599 G(rd).1 E F0 3.599(]c)C 1.099(ommand \(see)451.687 288 R F3(SHELL)3.599 E(GRAMMAR)184 300 Q F0(abo)2.25 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F1144 312 Q F0 1.68 (Disable the hashing of commands that are look)184 312 R 1.68(ed up for e)-.1 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 4.18(cution. Normally).15 F 4.18(,c)-.65 G(om-)523.89 312 Q 1.275(mands are remembered in a hash table, and once found, do not ha)184 324 R 1.576 -.15(ve t)-.2 H 3.776(ob).15 G 3.776(el)490.888 324 S(ook)501.884 324 Q 1.276(ed up)-.1 F(ag)184 336 Q(ain.)-.05 E F1144 348 Q F0 .812(The ef)184 348 R .812(fect is as if the shell command `noclobber=' had been e)-.25 F -.15 (xe)-.15 G .811(cuted \(see).15 F F1 .811(Shell V)3.311 F(ari-)-.92 E(ables)184 360 Q F0(abo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F1144 372 Q F0(Enable)184 372 Q F1(!)3.13 E F0 .63(style history substitution.)5.63 F .63 (This \215ag is on by def)5.63 F .63(ault when the shell is interac-)-.1 F(ti) 184 384 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(.).15 E F1144 396 Q F0 2.107 (If set, do not follo)184 396 R 4.607(ws)-.25 G 2.107 (ymbolic links when performing commands such as)279.835 396 R F1(cd)4.607 E F0 (which)4.606 E(change the current directory)184 408 Q 5(.T)-.65 G(he ph)309.42 408 Q(ysical directory is used instead.)-.05 E F1144 420 Q F0 .05 (If no ar)184 420 R .05(guments follo)-.18 F 2.55(wt)-.25 G .05 (his \215ag, then the positional parameters are unset.)280.98 420 R .05 (Otherwise, the)5.05 F(positional parameters are set to the)184 432 Q F2(ar)2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0(s, e)A -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(fs)371.81 432 S (ome of them be)381.53 432 Q(gin with a)-.15 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1144 444 Q F0 1.945(Signal the end of options, cause all remaining)184 444 R F2(ar)4.444 E(g)-.37 E F0 4.444(st)C 4.444(ob)409.45 444 S 4.444(ea)423.894 444 S 1.944 (ssigned to the positional)437.218 444 R 3.445(parameters. The)184 456 R F1 3.445 E F0(and)3.445 E F13.445 E F0 .945(options are turned of) 3.445 F 3.445(f. If)-.25 F .946(there are no)3.445 F F2(ar)3.446 E(g)-.37 E F0 .946(s, the positional)B(parameters remain unchanged.)184 468 Q .317 (The \215ags are of)144 484.8 R 2.817(fb)-.25 G 2.817(yd)218.328 484.8 S(ef) 231.145 484.8 Q .317(ault unless otherwise noted.)-.1 F .316 (Using + rather than \255 causes these \215ags to be)5.317 F .198(turned of)144 496.8 R 2.698(f. The)-.25 F .199 (\215ags can also be speci\214ed as options to an in)2.699 F -.2(vo)-.4 G .199 (cation of the shell.).2 F .199(The current set)5.199 F .643 (of \215ags may be found in)144 508.8 R F1<24ad>3.143 E F0 5.642(.A)C .642 (fter the option ar)273.91 508.8 R .642(guments are processed, the remaining) -.18 F F2 3.142(na)3.142 G -.37(rg)512.238 508.8 S F0 3.142(sa).37 G(re)532.23 508.8 Q .775(treated as v)144 520.8 R .775 (alues for the positional parameters and are assigned, in order)-.25 F 3.275 (,t)-.4 G(o)448.69 520.8 Q F1($1)3.275 E F0(,)A F1($2)3.275 E F0(,)A F1 3.275 (... $)3.275 F F2(n)A F0 5.775(.I)C 3.275(fn)523.395 520.8 S(o)535 520.8 Q .309 (options or)144 532.8 R F2(ar)2.809 E(g)-.37 E F0 2.808(sa)C .308 (re supplied, all shell v)212.056 532.8 R .308(ariables are printed.)-.25 F .308(The return status is al)5.308 F -.1(wa)-.1 G .308(ys true unless).1 F (an ille)144 544.8 Q -.05(ga)-.15 G 2.5(lo).05 G(ption is encountered.)188.24 544.8 Q F1(shift)108 561.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A .428 (The positional parameters from)144 573.6 R F2(n)2.928 E F0 .429 (+1 ... are renamed to)B F1 .429($1 ....)2.929 F F0 -.15(Pa)5.429 G .429 (rameters represented by the num-).15 F(bers)144 585.6 Q F1($#)3.434 E F0(do) 3.434 E .934(wn to)-.25 F F1($#)3.434 E F0A F2(n)A F0 .934(+1 are unset.)B (If)5.934 E F2(n)3.433 E F0 .933(is 0, no parameters are changed.)3.433 F(If) 5.933 E F2(n)3.433 E F0 .933(is not gi)3.433 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .933(n, it is).15 F .026(assumed to be 1.)144 597.6 R F2(n)5.026 E F0 .026(must be a non-ne)2.526 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .326 -.15(ve n)-.25 H .026 (umber less than or equal to).15 F F1($#)2.526 E F0 5.026(.I)C(f)454.886 597.6 Q F2(n)2.526 E F0 .027(is greater than)2.527 F F1($#)2.527 E F0(,)A .03 (the positional parameters are not changed.)144 609.6 R .029 (The return status is greater than 0 if)5.03 F F2(n)2.529 E F0 .029 (is greater than)2.529 F F1($#)2.529 E F0(or less than 0; otherwise 0.)144 621.6 Q F1(suspend)108 638.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F1A F0(])A .492(Suspend the e) 144 650.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .492(cution of this shell until it recei).15 F -.15 (ve)-.25 G 2.992(sa).15 G F3(SIGCONT).001 E F0 2.993(signal. The)2.743 F F1 2.993 E F0 .493(option says not to)2.993 F .759 (complain if this is a login shell; just suspend an)144 662.4 R(yw)-.15 E(ay) -.1 E 5.758(.T)-.65 G .758(he return status is 0 unless the shell is a)375.688 662.4 R(login shell and)144 674.4 Q F12.5 E F0 (is not supplied, or if job control is not enabled.)2.5 E F1(test)108 691.2 Q F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F1([)108 703.2 Q F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F1(])2.5 E F0 .877(Return a status of 0 \(true\) or 1 \(f)6.77 F .878 (alse\) depending on the e)-.1 F -.25(va)-.25 G .878 (luation of the conditional e).25 F(xpression)-.15 E F2 -.2(ex)144 715.2 S(pr) .2 E F0 5.008(.E).73 G .008(xpressions may be unary or binary)175.918 715.2 R 5.007(.U)-.65 G .007(nary e)328.064 715.2 R .007 (xpressions are often used to e)-.15 F .007(xamine the status)-.15 F .203 (of a \214le.)144 727.2 R .203 (There are string operators and numeric comparison operators as well.)5.203 F .204(Each operator and)5.204 F 170.955(GNU 1993)72 768 R(September 16)2.5 E(8) 535 768 Q EP %%Page: 9 9 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S(SH_B).35 E(UIL)-.1 E 290.48 (TINS\(1\) B)-.92 F(ASH_B)-.35 E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E 1.592 (operand must be a separate ar)144 84 R 4.091(gument. If)-.18 F/F1 10 /Times-Italic@0 SF(\214le)4.091 E F0 1.591(is of the form /de)4.091 F(v/fd/) -.25 E F1(n)A F0 4.091(,t)C 1.591(hen \214le descriptor)444.756 84 R F1(n)4.091 E F0(is)4.091 E(check)144 96 Q(ed.)-.1 E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF144 108 Q F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)180 108 S(ue if).35 E F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and is block special.).15 E F2144 120 Q F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35 (Tr)180 120 S(ue if).35 E F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G (ists and is character special.).15 E F2144 132 Q F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35 (Tr)180 132 S(ue if).35 E F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G (ists and is a directory).15 E(.)-.65 E F2144 144 Q F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)180 144 S(ue if).35 E F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists.).15 E F2 144 156 Q F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)180 156 S(ue if).35 E F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and is a re).15 E(gular \214le.)-.15 E F2144 168 Q F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)180 168 S(ue if).35 E F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex) 2.5 G(ists and is set-group-id.).15 E F2144 180 Q F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35 (Tr)180 180 S(ue if).35 E F1(\214le)2.5 E F0(has its `)2.5 E(`stick)-.74 E(y') -.15 E 2.5('b)-.74 G(it set.)295.22 180 Q F2144 192 Q F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)8.91 G(ue if).35 E F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G (ists and is a symbolic link.).15 E F2144 204 Q F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35 (Tr)180 204 S(ue if).35 E F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G (ists and is a named pipe.).15 E F2144 216 Q F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr) 180 216 S(ue if).35 E F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and is readable.) .15 E F2144 228 Q F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)180 228 S(ue if).35 E F1 (\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and has a size greater than zero.).15 E F2 144 240 Q F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)180 240 S(ue if).35 E F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and is a sock).15 E(et.)-.1 E F2144 252 Q F1(fd) 2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)180 252 S(ue if).35 E F1(fd)2.5 E F0(is opened on a terminal.) 2.5 E F2144 264 Q F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)180 264 S(ue if).35 E F1 (\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and its set-user).15 E(-id bit is set.)-.2 E F2144 276 Q F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)8.36 G(ue if).35 E F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and is writable.).15 E F2144 288 Q F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)180 288 S(ue if).35 E F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G (ists and is e).15 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cutable.).15 E F2144 300 Q F1(\214le) 2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)7.8 G(ue if).35 E F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G (ists and is o).15 E(wned by the ef)-.25 E(fecti)-.25 E .3 -.15(ve u)-.25 H (ser id.).15 E F2144 312 Q F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)7.8 G(ue if).35 E F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and is o).15 E(wned by the ef)-.25 E (fecti)-.25 E .3 -.15(ve g)-.25 H(roup id.).15 E F1(\214le1)144 324 Q F02.5 E F2(nt)A F1(\214le2)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)180 336 S(ue if).35 E F1(\214le1)2.5 E F0 (is ne)2.5 E(wer \(according to modi\214cation date\) than)-.25 E F1(\214le2) 2.5 E F0(.)A F1(\214le1)144 348 Q F02.5 E F2(ot)A F1(\214le2)2.5 E F0 -.35 (Tr)180 360 S(ue if).35 E F1(\214le1)2.5 E F0(is older than \214le2.)2.5 E F1 (\214le1)144 372 Q F2(\255ef)2.5 E F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)180 384 S(ue if) .35 E F1(\214le1)2.5 E F0(and)2.5 E F1(\214le2)2.5 E F0(ha)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve t) -.2 H(he same de).15 E(vice and inode numbers.)-.25 E F2144 396 Q F1 (string)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)180 408 S(ue if the length of).35 E F1(string)2.5 E F0 (is zero.)2.5 E F2144 420 Q F1(string)2.5 E(string)144 432 Q F0 -.35(Tr) 180 432 S(ue if the length of).35 E F1(string)2.5 E F0(is non\255zero.)2.5 E F1 (string1)144 444 Q F2(=)2.5 E F1(string2)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)180 456 S (ue if the strings are equal.).35 E F1(string1)144 468 Q F2(!=)2.5 E F1 (string2)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)180 480 S(ue if the strings are not equal.).35 E F2 (!)144 492 Q F1 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F0 -.35(Tr)180 492 S(ue if).35 E F1 -.2 (ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F0(is f)2.5 E(alse.)-.1 E F1 -.2(ex)144 504 S(pr1).2 E F0 2.5 E F2(a)A F1 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0 -.35(Tr)180 516 S(ue if both).35 E F1 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr1).2 E F0(AND)2.5 E F1 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0(are true.)2.5 E F1 -.2(ex)144 528 S(pr1).2 E F02.5 E F2(o)A F1 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0 -.35(Tr)180 540 S(ue if either).35 E F1 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr1).2 E F0(OR)2.5 E F1 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0(is true.)2.5 E F1(ar)144 552 Q(g1)-.37 E F2(OP)2.5 E F1(ar)2.5 E(g2)-.37 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(OP)180 564 Q F0 .035(is one of)2.284 F F2(\255eq)2.535 E F0(,)A F2(\255ne)2.535 E F0(,)A F2(\255lt)2.535 E F0(,)A F2 (\255le)2.535 E F0(,)A F2(\255gt)2.535 E F0 2.535(,o)C(r)332.165 564 Q F2 (\255ge)2.535 E F0 5.035(.T)C .035 (hese arithmetic binary operators return true)366.815 564 R(if)180 576 Q F1(ar) 3.32 E(g1)-.37 E F0 .82(is equal, not-equal, less-than, less-than-or)3.32 F .82 (-equal, greater)-.2 F .82(-than, or greater)-.2 F(-than-or)-.2 E(-)-.2 E .5 (equal than)180 588 R F1(ar)3 E(g2)-.37 E F0 3.001(,r)C(especti)252.231 588 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E(.)-.65 E F1(Ar)5.501 E(g1)-.37 E F0(and)3.001 E F1(ar) 3.001 E(g2)-.37 E F0 .501(may be positi)3.001 F .801 -.15(ve i)-.25 H(nte).15 E .501(gers, ne)-.15 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .801 -.15(ve i)-.25 H(nte).15 E (gers,)-.15 E(or the special e)180 600 Q(xpression)-.15 E F22.5 E F1 (string)2.5 E F0 2.5(,w)C(hich e)327.48 600 Q -.25(va)-.25 G (luates to the length of).25 E F1(string)2.5 E F0(.).22 E F2(times)108 616.8 Q F0 1.229(Print the accumulated user and system times for the shell and for pro\ cesses run from the shell.)144 616.8 R(The return status is 0.)144 628.8 Q F2 (trap)108 645.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F2A F0 2.5(][)C F1(ar)149.8 645.6 Q(g)-.37 E F0 2.5(][)C F1(sigspec)172.48 645.6 Q F0(])A .767(The command)144 657.6 R F1 (ar)3.267 E(g)-.37 E F0 .767(is to be read and e)3.267 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .767 (cuted when the shell recei).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.267(ss).15 G(ignal\(s\)) 434.781 657.6 Q F1(sigspec)3.267 E F0 5.767(.I).31 G(f)509.945 657.6 Q F1(ar) 3.267 E(g)-.37 E F0(is)3.268 E 2.164(absent or)144 669.6 R F24.664 E F0 4.664(,a)C 2.164(ll speci\214ed signals are reset to their original v)204.512 669.6 R 2.164(alues \(the v)-.25 F 2.163(alues the)-.25 F 4.663(yh)-.15 G 2.163 (ad upon)505.897 669.6 R .681(entrance to the shell\).)144 681.6 R(If)5.681 E F1(ar)3.181 E(g)-.37 E F0 .681 (is the null string this signal is ignored by the shell and by the com-)3.181 F 1.174(mands it in)144 693.6 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(s.).1 E F1(sigspec)6.174 E F0 1.174(is either a signal name de\214ned in <)3.674 F F1(signal.h)A F0 1.173(>, or a signal number)B 6.173(.I)-.55 G(f)536.67 693.6 Q F1(sigspec)144 705.6 Q F0(is)2.769 E F3(EXIT)2.769 E F0 .269(\(0\) the command)2.519 F F1(ar) 2.769 E(g)-.37 E F0 .269(is e)2.769 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .269(cuted on e).15 F .269 (xit from the shell.)-.15 F -.4(Wi)5.269 G .269(th no ar).4 F(guments,)-.18 E F2(trap)2.77 E F0 .403 (prints the list of commands associated with each signal number)144 717.6 R 5.402(.T)-.55 G(he)414.118 717.6 Q F22.902 E F0 .402 (option causes the shell to)2.902 F .562 (print a list of signal names and their corresponding numbers.)144 729.6 R .562 (An ar)5.562 F .562(gument of)-.18 F F23.062 E F0 .562(disables option) 3.062 F 170.955(GNU 1993)72 768 R(September 16)2.5 E(9)535 768 Q EP %%Page: 10 10 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S(SH_B).35 E(UIL)-.1 E 290.48 (TINS\(1\) B)-.92 F(ASH_B)-.35 E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E .564 (checking for the rest of the ar)144 84 R 3.064(guments. Signals)-.18 F .564 (ignored upon entry to the shell cannot be trapped)3.064 F 1.144(or reset.)144 96 R -.35(Tr)6.144 G 1.145(apped signals are reset to their original v).35 F 1.145(alues in a child process when it is created.)-.25 F (The return status is f)144 108 Q(alse if either the trap name or number is in) -.1 E -.25(va)-.4 G(lid; otherwise).25 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(trap)2.5 E F0 (returns true.)2.5 E F1(type)108 124.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255all)A F0 2.5(][)C F1 (\255type)157.58 124.8 Q F0(|)2.5 E F1(\255path)2.5 E F0(])A/F2 10 /Times-Italic@0 SF(name)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(name)A F0(...])2.5 E -.4(Wi)144 136.8 S .206(th no options, indicate ho).4 F 2.706(we)-.25 G(ach)272.15 136.8 Q F2(name)2.705 E F0 -.1(wo)2.705 G .205 (uld be interpreted if used as a command name.).1 F .205(If the)5.205 F F1 (\255type)144 148.8 Q F0 .527(\215ag is used,)3.027 F F1(type)3.027 E F0 .528 (prints a phrase which is one of)3.028 F F2(alias)3.028 E F0(,).27 E F2 -.1(ke) 3.028 G(ywor)-.2 E(d)-.37 E F0(,).77 E F2(function)3.028 E F0(,).24 E F2 -.2 (bu)3.028 G(iltin).2 E F0 3.028(,o).24 G(r)512.284 148.8 Q F2(\214le)3.028 E F0 (if)3.028 E F2(name)144 160.8 Q F0 .297(is an alias, shell reserv)2.798 F .297 (ed w)-.15 F .297(ord, function, b)-.1 F .297(uiltin, or disk \214le, respecti) -.2 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 2.797(.I)-.65 G 2.797(ft)472.152 160.8 S .297 (he name is not)481.059 160.8 R 1.097(found, then nothing is printed, and an e) 144 172.8 R 1.097(xit status of f)-.15 F 1.097(alse is returned.)-.1 F 1.097 (If the)6.097 F F1(\255path)3.598 E F0 1.098(\215ag is used,)3.598 F F1(type) 144 184.8 Q F0 1.009(either returns the name of the disk \214le that w)3.509 F 1.008(ould be e)-.1 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.008(cuted if).15 F F2(name)3.508 E F0 1.008(were speci\214ed as a)3.508 F .562(command name, or nothing if)144 196.8 R F1(\255type)3.062 E F0 -.1(wo)3.062 G .562(uld not return).1 F F2(\214le) 3.063 E F0 5.563(.I).18 G 3.063(fac)389.542 196.8 S .563(ommand is hashed,) 407.878 196.8 R F1(\255path)3.063 E F0(prints)3.063 E .684(the hashed v)144 208.8 R .684(alue, not necessarily the \214le that appears \214rst in)-.25 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -.666(PA)3.184 G(TH)-.189 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .684 (If the)5.184 F F1(\255all)3.184 E F0 .683(\215ag is used,)3.184 F F1(type) 3.183 E F0 1.135(prints all of the places that contain an e)144 220.8 R -.15 (xe)-.15 G 1.135(cutable named).15 F F2(name)3.635 E F0 6.136(.T).18 G 1.136 (his includes aliases and func-)418.256 220.8 R 1.011 (tions, if and only if the)144 232.8 R F1(\255path)3.511 E F0 1.011 (\215ag is not also used.)3.511 F 1.011 (The table of hashed commands is not con-)6.011 F .786(sulted when using)144 244.8 R F1(\255all)3.286 E F0(.)A F1(type)5.786 E F0(accepts)3.286 E F1 3.286 E F0(,)A F13.286 E F0 3.286(,a)C(nd)335.698 244.8 Q F13.286 E F0 .787(in place of)3.287 F F1(\255all)3.287 E F0(,)A F1(\255type)3.287 E F0 3.287(,a)C(nd)466.906 244.8 Q F1(\255path)3.287 E F0 3.287(,r)C(espec-)514.46 244.8 Q(ti)144 256.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 6.127(.A)-.65 G 3.627(na)181.577 256.8 S -.18(rg)194.644 256.8 S 1.127(ument of).18 F F13.627 E F0 1.127 (disables option checking for the rest of the ar)3.627 F(guments.)-.18 E F1 (type)6.126 E F0(returns)3.626 E(true if an)144 268.8 Q 2.5(yo)-.15 G 2.5(ft) 192.45 268.8 S(he ar)201.06 268.8 Q(guments are found, f)-.18 E (alse if none are found.)-.1 E F1(ulimit)108 285.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1 (\255SHacdfmstpnuv)A F0([)2.5 E F2(limit)A F0(]])A F1(Ulimit)144 297.6 Q F0 (pro)3.056 E .556(vides control o)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.057(rt).15 G .557 (he resources a)266.316 297.6 R -.25(va)-.2 G .557 (ilable to the shell and to processes started by it, on).25 F .765 (systems that allo)144 309.6 R 3.265(ws)-.25 G .765(uch control.)226.325 309.6 R .765(The v)5.765 F .765(alue of)-.25 F F2(limit)3.265 E F0 .765 (can be a number in the unit speci\214ed for the)3.265 F .301 (resource, or the v)144 321.6 R(alue)-.25 E F1(unlimited)2.801 E F0 5.301(.T)C (he)288.565 321.6 Q F1(H)2.801 E F0(and)2.801 E F1(S)2.801 E F0 .302 (options specify that the hard or soft limit is set for)2.802 F .005(the gi)144 333.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.505(nr).15 G 2.505(esource. A)186.38 333.6 R .004(har\ d limit cannot be increased once it is set; a soft limit may be increased up) 2.505 F .008(to the v)144 345.6 R .008(alue of the hard limit.)-.25 F .008 (If neither)5.008 F F1(H)2.508 E F0(nor)2.508 E F1(S)2.508 E F0 .008 (is speci\214ed, the command applies to the soft limit.)2.508 F(If)144 357.6 Q F2(limit)2.758 E F0 .258(is omitted, the current v)2.758 F .257 (alue of the soft limit of the resource is printed, unless the)-.25 F F1(H) 2.757 E F0(option)2.757 E .575(is gi)144 369.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.075(n. When) .15 F .576(more than one resource is speci\214ed, the limit name and unit is p\ rinted before the)3.076 F -.25(va)144 381.6 S 2.5(lue. Other).25 F (options are interpreted as follo)2.5 E(ws:)-.25 E F1144 393.6 Q F0 (all current limits are reported)180 393.6 Q F1144 405.6 Q F0 (the maximum size of core \214les created)180 405.6 Q F1144 417.6 Q F0 (the maximum size of a process')180 417.6 Q 2.5(sd)-.55 G(ata se)317.76 417.6 Q (gment)-.15 E F1144 429.6 Q F0 (the maximum size of \214les created by the shell)180 429.6 Q F1144 441.6 Q F0(the maximum resident set size)180 441.6 Q F1144 453.6 Q F0 (the maximum stack size)180 453.6 Q F1144 465.6 Q F0 (the maximum amount of cpu time in seconds)180 465.6 Q F1144 477.6 Q F0 (the pipe size in 512-byte blocks \(this may not be set\))180 477.6 Q F1 144 489.6 Q F0 .164 (the maximum number of open \214le descriptors \(most systems do not allo)180 489.6 R 2.664(wt)-.25 G .164(his v)481.708 489.6 R .164(alue to be)-.25 F (set, only displayed\))180 501.6 Q F1144 513.6 Q F0 (the maximum number of processes a)180 513.6 Q -.25(va)-.2 G (ilable to a single user).25 E F1144 525.6 Q F0 (The maximum amount of virtual memory a)180 525.6 Q -.25(va)-.2 G (ilable to the shell).25 E .778(An ar)144 542.4 R .778(gument of)-.18 F F1 3.278 E F0 .778(disables option checking for the rest of the ar)3.278 F 3.279(guments. If)-.18 F F2(limit)3.279 E F0 .779(is gi)3.279 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .779(n, it is).15 F .394(the ne)144 554.4 R 2.894(wv)-.25 G .394 (alue of the speci\214ed resource \(the)183.168 554.4 R F12.893 E F0 .393 (option is display only\).)2.893 F .393(If no option is gi)5.393 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .393(n, then).15 F F1144 566.4 Q F0 .43(is assumed.)2.93 F -1.11(Va) 5.43 G .43(lues are in 1024-byte increments, e)1.11 F .431(xcept for)-.15 F F1 2.931 E F0 2.931(,w)C .431(hich is in seconds,)421.315 566.4 R F1 2.931 E F0 2.931(,w)C(hich)522.78 566.4 Q .828 (is in units of 512-byte blocks, and)144 578.4 R F13.327 E F0(and)3.327 E F13.327 E F0 3.327(,w)C .827(hich are unscaled v)344.784 578.4 R 3.327 (alues. The)-.25 F .827(return status is 0)3.327 F .621(unless an ille)144 590.4 R -.05(ga)-.15 G 3.121(lo).05 G .621 (ption is encountered, a non-numeric ar)217.603 590.4 R .622(gument other than) -.18 F F1(unlimited)3.122 E F0 .622(is supplied)3.122 F(as)144 602.4 Q F2 (limit)2.5 E F0 2.5(,o)C 2.5(ra)183.17 602.4 S 2.5(ne)193.44 602.4 S (rror occurs while setting a ne)205.38 602.4 Q 2.5(wl)-.25 G(imit.)333.99 602.4 Q F1(umask)108 619.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F1A F0 2.5(][)C F2(mode)162.59 619.2 Q F0(])A .23(The user \214le-creation mask is set to)144 631.2 R F2(mode)2.73 E F0 5.23(.I).18 G(f)323.21 631.2 Q F2(mode)2.73 E F0(be)2.729 E .229 (gins with a digit, it is interpreted as an octal)-.15 F .066(number; otherwis\ e it is interpreted as a symbolic mode mask similar to that accepted by)144 643.2 R F2 -.15(ch)2.566 G(mod).15 E F0(\(1\).).77 E(If)144 655.2 Q F2(mode) 2.55 E F0 .05(is omitted, or if the)2.55 F F12.55 E F0 .049 (option is supplied, the current v)2.55 F .049(alue of the mask is printed.) -.25 F(The)5.049 E F12.549 E F0 .475 (option causes the mask to be printed in symbolic form; the def)144 667.2 R .475(ault output is an octal number)-.1 F 5.475(.A)-.55 G(n)535 667.2 Q(ar)144 679.2 Q .125(gument of)-.18 F F12.625 E F0 .125 (disables option checking for the rest of the ar)2.625 F 2.624(guments. The) -.18 F .124(return status is 0 if the)2.624 F(mode w)144 691.2 Q (as successfully changed or if no)-.1 E F2(mode)2.5 E F0(ar)2.5 E(gument w)-.18 E(as supplied, and f)-.1 E(alse otherwise.)-.1 E 170.955(GNU 1993)72 768 R (September 16)2.5 E(10)530 768 Q EP %%Page: 11 11 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S(SH_B).35 E(UIL)-.1 E 290.48 (TINS\(1\) B)-.92 F(ASH_B)-.35 E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(unalias)108 84 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F1(a)A F0 2.5(][)C/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF (name)164.2 84 Q F0(...])2.5 E(Remo)144 96 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G F2(name)2.882 E F0 2.732(sf)C .232(rom the list of de\214ned aliases.)211.374 96 R(If)5.232 E F1 2.733 E F0 .233(is supplied, all alias de\214nitions are remo)2.733 F -.15(ve)-.15 G(d.).15 E(The return v)144 108 Q(alue is true unless a supplied) -.25 E F2(name)2.5 E F0(is not a de\214ned alias.)2.5 E F1(unset)108 124.8 Q F0 <5bad>2.5 E F1(fv)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)159.74 124.8 Q F0(...])2.5 E -.15(Fo) 144 136.8 S 2.773(re).15 G(ach)164.953 136.8 Q F2(name)2.773 E F0 2.773(,r).18 G(emo)212.049 136.8 Q .573 -.15(ve t)-.15 H .273(he corresponding v).15 F .273 (ariable or)-.25 F 2.773(,g)-.4 G -2.15 -.25(iv e)369.094 136.8 T 2.773(nt).25 G(he)391.467 136.8 Q F12.773 E F0 .273(option, function.)2.773 F .272 (An ar)5.272 F(gument)-.18 E(of)144 148.8 Q F12.58 E F0 .08 (disables option checking for the rest of the ar)2.58 F 2.58(guments. Note)-.18 F(that)2.58 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -.666(PA)2.58 G(TH)-.189 E/F4 9 /Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F3(IFS)2.33 E F4(,)A F3(PPID)2.33 E F4(,)A F3(PS1)2.331 E F4(,)A F3(PS2)2.331 E F4(,)A F3(UID)144 160.8 Q F4(,)A F0(and)4.074 E F3(EUID) 4.324 E F0 1.824(cannot be unset.)4.074 F 1.824(If an)6.824 F 4.323(yo)-.15 G (f)321.938 160.8 Q F3(RANDOM)4.323 E F4(,)A F3(SECONDS)4.073 E F4(,)A F3 (LINENO)4.073 E F4(,)A F0(or)4.073 E F3(HISTCMD)4.323 E F0(are)4.073 E .328 (unset, the)144 172.8 R 2.828(yl)-.15 G .328(ose their special properties, e) 193.116 172.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.828(ni).15 G 2.828(ft)330.436 172.8 S(he) 339.374 172.8 Q 2.828(ya)-.15 G .328(re subsequently reset.)360.932 172.8 R .328(The e)5.328 F .329(xit status is true)-.15 F(unless a)144 184.8 Q F2(name) 2.5 E F0(does not e)2.5 E(xist or is non-unsettable.)-.15 E F1(wait)108 201.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A -.8(Wa)144 213.6 S 1.061 (it for the speci\214ed process and return its termination status.).8 F F2(n) 6.061 E F0 1.06(may be a process ID or a job)3.56 F .753 (speci\214cation; if a job spec is gi)144 225.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G .754 (n, all processes in that job').15 F 3.254(sp)-.55 G .754(ipeline are w)404.012 225.6 R .754(aited for)-.1 F 5.754(.I)-.55 G(f)502.458 225.6 Q F2(n)3.254 E F0 .754(is not)3.254 F(gi)144 237.6 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G .027(n, all currently acti) .15 F .327 -.15(ve c)-.25 H .027(hild processes are w).15 F .027(aited for)-.1 F 2.526(,a)-.4 G .026(nd the return status is zero.)375.932 237.6 R(If)5.026 E F2(n)2.526 E F0(speci\214es)2.526 E 2.595(an)144 249.6 S(on-e)156.035 249.6 Q .095(xistant process or job, the return status is 127.)-.15 F .096 (Otherwise, the return status is the e)5.095 F .096(xit status)-.15 F (of the last process or job w)144 261.6 Q(aited for)-.1 E(.)-.55 E F3(SEE ALSO) 72 278.4 Q F0(bash\(1\), sh\(1\))108 290.4 Q 170.955(GNU 1993)72 768 R (September 16)2.5 E(11)530 768 Q EP %%Trailer end %%EOF bash-1.14.3/documentation/builtins.txt 664 436 0 147630 5671116312 16173 0ustar chetwheel BASH_BUILTINS(1) USER COMMANDS BASH_BUILTINS(1) NAME bash, :, ., alias, bg, bind, break, builtin, bye, case, cd, command, continue, declare, dirs, echo, enable, eval, exec, exit, export, fc, fg, for, getopts, hash, help, history, if, jobs, kill, let, local, logout, popd, pushd, pwd, read, readonly, return, set, shift, source, suspend, test, times, trap, type, typeset, ulimit, umask, unalias, unset, until, wait, while - bash built-in commands, see bash(1) BASH BUILTIN COMMANDS : [_a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t_s] No effect; the command does nothing beyond expanding _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t_s and performing any specified redirections. A zero exit code is returned. . _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e [_a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t_s] source _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e [_a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t_s] Read and execute commands from _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e in the current shell environment and return the exit status of the last command executed from _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e. If _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e does not contain a slash, pathnames in PATH are used to find the directory containing _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e. The file searched for in PATH need not be executable. The current direc- tory is searched if no file is found in PATH. If any _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t_s are supplied, they become the positional parameters when _f_i_l_e is executed. Otherwise the posi- tional parameters are unchanged. The return status is the status of the last command exited within the script (0 if no commands are executed), and false if _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e is not found. alias [_n_a_m_e[=_v_a_l_u_e] ...] Alias with no arguments prints the list of aliases in the form _n_a_m_e=_v_a_l_u_e on standard output. When arguments are supplied, an alias is defined for each _n_a_m_e whose _v_a_l_u_e is given. A trailing space in _v_a_l_u_e causes the next word to be checked for alias substitution when the alias is expanded. For each _n_a_m_e in the argument list for which no _v_a_l_u_e is supplied, the name and value of the alias is printed. Alias returns true unless a _n_a_m_e is given for which no alias has been defined. bg [_j_o_b_s_p_e_c] Place _j_o_b_s_p_e_c in the background, as if it had been started with &. If _j_o_b_s_p_e_c is not present, the shell's notion of the _c_u_r_r_e_n_t _j_o_b is used. bg _j_o_b_s_p_e_c returns 0 unless run when job control is disabled or, when run with job control enabled, if _j_o_b_s_p_e_c was not found or started without job control. bind [-m _k_e_y_m_a_p] [-lvd] [-q _n_a_m_e] bind [-m _k_e_y_m_a_p] -f _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e GNU Last change: 1993 September 16 1 BASH_BUILTINS(1) USER COMMANDS BASH_BUILTINS(1) bind [-m _k_e_y_m_a_p] _k_e_y_s_e_q:_f_u_n_c_t_i_o_n-_n_a_m_e Display current readline key and function bindings, or bind a key sequence to a readline function or macro. The binding syntax accepted is identical to that of ._i_n_p_u_t_r_c, but each binding must be passed as a separate argument; e.g., '"\C-x\C-r": re-read-init-file'. Options, if supplied, have the following meanings: -m _k_e_y_m_a_p Use _k_e_y_m_a_p as the keymap to be affected by the subsequent bindings. Acceptable _k_e_y_m_a_p names are _e_m_a_c_s, _e_m_a_c_s-_s_t_a_n_d_a_r_d, _e_m_a_c_s-_m_e_t_a, _e_m_a_c_s-_c_t_l_x, _v_i, _v_i-_m_o_v_e, _v_i-_c_o_m_m_a_n_d, and _v_i-_i_n_s_e_r_t. _v_i is equivalent to _v_i-_c_o_m_m_a_n_d; _e_m_a_c_s is equivalent to _e_m_a_c_s-_s_t_a_n_d_a_r_d. -l List the names of all readline functions -v List current function names and bindings -d Dump function names and bindings in such a way that they can be re-read -f _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e Read key bindings from _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e -q _f_u_n_c_t_i_o_n Query about which keys invoke the named _f_u_n_c_t_i_o_n The return value is 0 unless an unrecognized option is given or an error occurred. break [_n] Exit from within a for, while, or until loop. If _n is specified, break _n levels. _n must be >_ 1. If _n is greater than the number of enclosing loops, all enclos- ing loops are exited. The return value is 0 unless the shell is not executing a loop when break is executed. builtin _s_h_e_l_l-_b_u_i_l_t_i_n [_a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t_s] Execute the specified shell builtin, passing it _a_r_g_u_- _m_e_n_t_s, and return its exit status. This is useful when you wish to define a function whose name is the same as a shell builtin, but need the functionality of the builtin within the function itself. The cd builtin is commonly redefined this way. The return status is false if _s_h_e_l_l-_b_u_i_l_t_i_n is not a shell builtin command. cd [_d_i_r] Change the current directory to _d_i_r. The variable HOME is the default _d_i_r. The variable CDPATH defines the search path for the directory containing _d_i_r. Alterna- tive directory names are separated by a colon (:). A null directory name in CDPATH is the same as the current directory, i.e., ``.''. If _d_i_r begins with a slash (/), then CDPATH is not used. An argument of - is equivalent to $OLDPWD. The return value is true if the directory was successfully changed; false GNU Last change: 1993 September 16 2 BASH_BUILTINS(1) USER COMMANDS BASH_BUILTINS(1) otherwise. command [-pVv] _c_o_m_m_a_n_d [_a_r_g ...] Run _c_o_m_m_a_n_d with _a_r_g_s suppressing the normal shell function lookup. Only builtin commands or commands found in the PATH are executed. If the -p option is given, the search for _c_o_m_m_a_n_d is performed using a default value for PATH that is guaranteed to find all of the standard utilities. If either the -V or -v option is supplied, a description of _c_o_m_m_a_n_d is printed. The -v option causes a single word indicating the command or pathname used to invoke _c_o_m_m_a_n_d to be printed; the -V option produces a more verbose descrip- tion. An argument of -- disables option checking for the rest of the arguments. If the -V or -v option is supplied, the exit status is 0 if _c_o_m_m_a_n_d was found, and 1 if not. If neither option is supplied and an error occurred or _c_o_m_m_a_n_d cannot be found, the exit status is 127. Otherwise, the exit status of the com- mand builtin is the exit status of _c_o_m_m_a_n_d. continue [_n] Resume the next iteration of the enclosing for, while, or until loop. If _n is specified, resume at the _nth enclosing loop. _n must be >_ 1. If _n is greater than the number of enclosing loops, the last enclosing loop (the `top-level' loop) is resumed. The return value is 0 unless the shell is not executing a loop when con- tinue is executed. declare [-frxi] [_n_a_m_e[=_v_a_l_u_e]] typeset [-frxi] [_n_a_m_e[=_v_a_l_u_e]] Declare variables and/or give them attributes. If no _n_a_m_es are given, then display the values of variables instead. The options can be used to restrict output to variables with the specified attribute. -f Use function names only -r Make _n_a_m_es readonly. These names cannot then be assigned values by subsequent assignment state- ments. -x Mark _n_a_m_es for export to subsequent commands via the environment. -i The variable is treated as an integer; arithmetic evaluation (see ARITHMETIC EVALUATION ) is per- formed when the variable is assigned a value. Using `+' instead of `-' turns off the attribute instead. When used in a function, makes _n_a_m_es local, as with the local command. The return value is 0 unless an illegal option is encountered, an attempt is made to define a function using "-f foo=bar", one of the _n_a_m_e_s is not a legal shell variable name, an GNU Last change: 1993 September 16 3 BASH_BUILTINS(1) USER COMMANDS BASH_BUILTINS(1) attempt is made to turn off readonly status for a readonly variable, or an attempt is made to display a non-existant function with -f. dirs [-l] [+/-n] Display the list of currently remembered directories. Directories are added to the list with the pushd com- mand; the popd command moves back up through the list. +n displays the _nth entry counting from the left of the list shown by dirs when invoked without options, starting with zero. -n displays the _nth entry counting from the right of the list shown by dirs when invoked without options, starting with zero. -l produces a longer listing; the default listing format uses a tilde to denote the home directory. The return value is 0 unless an illegal option is sup- plied or _n indexes beyond the end of the directory stack. echo [-neE] [_a_r_g ...] Output the _a_r_gs, separated by spaces. The return status is always 0. If -n is specified, the trailing newline is suppressed. If the -e option is given, interpretation of the following backslash-escaped char- acters is enabled. The -E option disables the interpretation of these escape characters, even on sys- tems where they are interpreted by default. \a alert (bell) \b backspace \c suppress trailing newline \f form feed \n new line \r carriage return \t horizontal tab \v vertical tab \\ backslash \nnn the character whose ASCII code is _n_n_n (octal) enable [-n] [-all] [_n_a_m_e ...] Enable and disable builtin shell commands. This allows the execution of a disk command which has the same name as a shell builtin without specifying a full pathname. If -n is used, each _n_a_m_e is disabled; otherwise, _n_a_m_e_s are enabled. For example, to use the test binary found via the PATH instead of the shell builtin version, type ``enable -n test''. If no arguments are given, a list of all enabled shell builtins is printed. If only -n is supplied, a list of all disabled builtins is printed. If only -all is supplied, the list printed includes all builtins, with an indication of whether or GNU Last change: 1993 September 16 4 BASH_BUILTINS(1) USER COMMANDS BASH_BUILTINS(1) not each is enabled. enable accepts -a as a synonym for -all. The return value is 0 unless a _n_a_m_e is not a shell builtin. eval [_a_r_g ...] The _a_r_gs are read and concatenated together into a sin- gle command. This command is then read and executed by the shell, and its exit status is returned as the value of the eval command. If there are no _a_r_g_s, or only null arguments, eval returns true. exec [[-] _c_o_m_m_a_n_d [_a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t_s]] If _c_o_m_m_a_n_d is specified, it replaces the shell. No new process is created. The _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t_s become the arguments to _c_o_m_m_a_n_d. If the first argument is -, the shell places a dash in the zeroth arg passed to _c_o_m_m_a_n_d. This is what login does. If the file cannot be exe- cuted for some reason, a non-interactive shell exits, unless the shell variable no_exit_on_failed_exec exists, in which case it returns failure. An interac- tive shell returns failure if the file cannot be exe- cuted. If _c_o_m_m_a_n_d is not specified, any redirections take effect in the current shell, and the return status is 0. exit [_n] Cause the shell to exit with a status of _n. If _n is omitted, the exit status is that of the last command executed. A trap on EXIT is executed before the shell terminates. export [-nf] [_n_a_m_e[=_w_o_r_d]] ... export -p The supplied _n_a_m_e_s are marked for automatic export to the environment of subsequently executed commands. If the -f option is given, the _n_a_m_e_s refer to functions. If no _n_a_m_e_s are given, or if the -p option is supplied, a list of all names that are exported in this shell is printed. The -n option causes the export property to be removed from the named variables. An argument of -- disables option checking for the rest of the arguments. export returns an exit status of 0 unless an illegal option is encountered, one of the _n_a_m_e_s is not a legal shell variable name, or -f is supplied with a _n_a_m_e that is not a function. fc [-e _e_n_a_m_e] [-nlr] [_f_i_r_s_t] [_l_a_s_t] fc -s [_p_a_t=_r_e_p] [_c_m_d] Fix Command. In the first form, a range of commands from _f_i_r_s_t to _l_a_s_t is selected from the history list. _F_i_r_s_t and _l_a_s_t may be specified as a string (to locate the last command beginning with that string) or as a GNU Last change: 1993 September 16 5 BASH_BUILTINS(1) USER COMMANDS BASH_BUILTINS(1) number (an index into the history list, where a nega- tive number is used as an offset from the current com- mand number). If _l_a_s_t is not specified it is set to the current command for listing (so that fc -l -10 prints the last 10 commands) and to _f_i_r_s_t otherwise. If _f_i_r_s_t is not specified it is set to the previous command for editing and -16 for listing. The -n flag suppresses the command numbers when list- ing. The -r flag reverses the order of the commands. If the -l flag is given, the commands are listed on standard output. Otherwise, the editor given by _e_n_a_m_e is invoked on a file containing those commands. If _e_n_a_m_e is not given, the value of the FCEDIT variable is used, and the value of EDITOR if FCEDIT is not set. If neither variable is set, is used. When editing is com- plete, the edited commands are echoed and executed. In the second form, _c_o_m_m_a_n_d is re-executed after each instance of _p_a_t is replaced by _r_e_p. A useful alias to use with this is ``r=fc -s'', so that typing ``r cc'' runs the last command beginning with ``cc'' and typing ``r'' re-executes the last command. If the first form is used, the return value is 0 unless an illegal option is encountered or _f_i_r_s_t or _l_a_s_t specify history lines out of range. If the -e option is supplied, the return value is the value of the last command executed or failure if an error occurs with the temporary file of commands. If the second form is used, the return status is that of the command re- executed, unless _c_m_d does not specify a valid history line, in which case fc returns failure. fg [_j_o_b_s_p_e_c] Place _j_o_b_s_p_e_c in the foreground, and make it the current job. If _j_o_b_s_p_e_c is not present, the shell's notion of the _c_u_r_r_e_n_t _j_o_b is used. The return value is that of the command placed into the foreground, or failure if run when job control is disabled or, when run with job control enabled, if _j_o_b_s_p_e_c does not specify a valid job or _j_o_b_s_p_e_c specifies a job that was started without job control. getopts _o_p_t_s_t_r_i_n_g _n_a_m_e [_a_r_g_s] getopts is used by shell procedures to parse positional parameters. _o_p_t_s_t_r_i_n_g contains the option letters to be recognized; if a letter is followed by a colon, the option is expected to have an argument, which should be separated from it by white space. Each time it is invoked, getopts places the next option in the shell variable _n_a_m_e, initializing _n_a_m_e if it does not exist, GNU Last change: 1993 September 16 6 BASH_BUILTINS(1) USER COMMANDS BASH_BUILTINS(1) and the index of the next argument to be processed into the variable OPTIND. OPTIND is initialized to 1 each time the shell or a shell script is invoked. When an option requires an argument, getopts places that argu- ment into the variable OPTARG. The shell does not reset OPTIND automatically; it must be manually reset between multiple calls to getopts within the same shell invocation if a new set of parameters is to be used. getopts can report errors in two ways. If the first character of _o_p_t_s_t_r_i_n_g is a colon, _s_i_l_e_n_t error report- ing is used. In normal operation diagnostic messages are printed when illegal options or missing option arguments are encountered. If the variable OPTERR is set to 0, no error message will be displayed, even if the first character of _o_p_t_s_t_r_i_n_g is not a colon. If an illegal option is seen, getopts places ? into _n_a_m_e and, if not silent, prints an error message and unsets OPTARG. If getopts is silent, the option char- acter found is placed in OPTARG and no diagnostic mes- sage is printed. If a required argument is not found, and getopts is not silent, a question mark (?) is placed in _n_a_m_e, OPTARG is unset, and a diagnostic message is printed. If getopts is silent, then a colon (:) is placed in _n_a_m_e and OPTARG is set to the option character found. getopts normally parses the positional parameters, but if more arguments are given in _a_r_g_s, getopts parses those instead. getopts returns true if an option, specified or unspecified, is found. It returns false if the end of options is encountered or an error occurs. hash [-r] [_n_a_m_e] For each _n_a_m_e, the full pathname of the command is determined and remembered. The -r option causes the shell to forget all remembered locations. If no argu- ments are given, information about remembered commands is printed. An argument of -- disables option checking for the rest of the arguments. The return status is true unless a _n_a_m_e is not found or an illegal option is supplied. help [_p_a_t_t_e_r_n] Display helpful information about builtin commands. If _p_a_t_t_e_r_n is specified, help gives detailed help on all commands matching _p_a_t_t_e_r_n; otherwise a list of the builtins is printed. The return status is 0 unless no command matches _p_a_t_t_e_r_n. GNU Last change: 1993 September 16 7 BASH_BUILTINS(1) USER COMMANDS BASH_BUILTINS(1) history [_n] history -rwan [_f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e] With no options, display the command history list with line numbers. Lines listed with a * have been modi- fied. An argument of _n lists only the last _n lines. If a non-option argument is supplied, it is used as the name of the history file; if not, the value of HISTFILE is used. Options, if supplied, have the following meanings: -a Append the ``new'' history lines (history lines entered since the beginning of the current bash session) to the history file -n Read the history lines not already read from the history file into the current history list. These are lines appended to the history file since the beginning of the current bash session. -r Read the contents of the history file and use them as the current history -w Write the current history to the history file, overwriting the history file's contents. The return value is 0 unless an illegal option is encountered or an error occurs while reading or writing the history file. jobs [-lnp] [ _j_o_b_s_p_e_c ... ] jobs -x _c_o_m_m_a_n_d [ _a_r_g_s ... ] The first form lists the active jobs. The -l option lists process IDs in addition to the normal informa- tion; the -p option lists only the process ID of the job's process group leader. The -n option displays only jobs that have changed status since last notified. If _j_o_b_s_p_e_c is given, output is restricted to informa- tion about that job. The return status is 0 unless an illegal option is encountered or an illegal _j_o_b_s_p_e_c is supplied. If the -x option is supplied, jobs replaces any _j_o_b_s_p_e_c found in _c_o_m_m_a_n_d or _a_r_g_s with the corresponding process group ID, and executes _c_o_m_m_a_n_d passing it _a_r_g_s, return- ing its exit status. kill [-s sigspec | -sigspec] [_p_i_d | _j_o_b_s_p_e_c] ... kill -l [_s_i_g_n_u_m] Send the signal named by _s_i_g_s_p_e_c to the processes named by _p_i_d or _j_o_b_s_p_e_c. _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is either a signal name such as SIGKILL or a signal number. If _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is a signal name, the name is case insensitive and may be given with or without the SIG prefix. If _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is not present, then SIGTERM is assumed. An argument of -l lists the signal names. If any arguments are sup- plied when -l is given, the names of the specified GNU Last change: 1993 September 16 8 BASH_BUILTINS(1) USER COMMANDS BASH_BUILTINS(1) signals are listed, and the return status is 0. An argument of -- disables option checking for the rest of the arguments. kill returns true if at least one sig- nal was successfully sent, or false if an error occurs or an illegal option is encountered. let _a_r_g [_a_r_g ...] Each _a_r_g is an arithmetic expression to be evaluated (see ARITHMETIC EVALUATION). If the last _a_r_g evaluates to 0, let returns 1; 0 is returned otherwise. local [_n_a_m_e[=_v_a_l_u_e] ...] For each argument, create a local variable named _n_a_m_e, and assign it _v_a_l_u_e. When local is used within a func- tion, it causes the variable _n_a_m_e to have a visible scope restricted to that function and its children. With no operands, local writes a list of local vari- ables to the standard output. It is an error to use local when not within a function. The return status is 0 unless local is used outside a function, or an ille- gal _n_a_m_e is supplied. logout Exit a login shell. popd [+/-n] Removes entries from the directory stack. With no arguments, removes the top directory from the stack, and performs a cd to the new top directory. +n removes the _nth entry counting from the left of the list shown by dirs, starting with zero. For example: ``popd +0'' removes the first directory, ``popd +1'' the second. -n removes the _nth entry counting from the right of the list shown by dirs, starting with zero. For example: ``popd -0'' removes the last directory, ``popd -1'' the next to last. If the popd command is successful, a dirs is performed as well, and the return status is 0. popd returns false if an illegal option is encountered, the direc- tory stack is empty, a non-existent directory stack entry is specified, or the directory change fails. pushd [_d_i_r] pushd +/-n Adds a directory to the top of the directory stack, or rotates the stack, making the new top of the stack the current working directory. With no arguments, exchanges the top two directories and returns 0, unless the directory stack is empty. +n Rotates the stack so that the _nth directory GNU Last change: 1993 September 16 9 BASH_BUILTINS(1) USER COMMANDS BASH_BUILTINS(1) (counting from the left of the list shown by dirs) is at the top. -n Rotates the stack so that the _nth directory (counting from the right) is at the top. dir adds _d_i_r to the directory stack at the top, making it the new current working directory. If the pushd command is successful, a dirs is performed as well. If the first form is used, pushd returns 0 unless the cd to _d_i_r fails. With the second form, pushd returns 0 unless the directory stack is empty, a non-existant directory stack element is specified, or the directory change to the specified new current directory fails. pwd Print the absolute pathname of the current working directory. The path printed contains no symbolic links if the -P option to the set builtin command is set. See also the description of nolinks under Shell Vari- ables above). The return status is 0 unless an error occurs while reading the pathname of the current direc- tory. read [-r] [_n_a_m_e ...] One line is read from the standard input, and the first word is assigned to the first _n_a_m_e, the second word to the second _n_a_m_e, and so on, with leftover words assigned to the last _n_a_m_e. Only the characters in IFS are recognized as word delimiters. If no _n_a_m_e_s are supplied, the line read is assigned to the variable REPLY. The return code is zero, unless end-of-file is encountered. If the -r option is given, a backslash- newline pair is not ignored, and the backslash is con- sidered to be part of the line. readonly [-f] [_n_a_m_e ...] readonly -p The given _n_a_m_e_s are marked readonly and the values of these _n_a_m_e_s may not be changed by subsequent assign- ment. If the -f option is supplied, the functions corresponding to the _n_a_m_e_s are so marked. If no argu- ments are given, or if the -p option is supplied, a list of all readonly names is printed. An argument of -- disables option checking for the rest of the argu- ments. The return status is 0 unless an illegal option is encountered, one of the _n_a_m_e_s is not a legal shell variable name, or -f is supplied with a _n_a_m_e that is not a function. return [_n] Causes a function to exit with the return value speci- fied by _n. If _n is omitted, the return status is that GNU Last change: 1993 September 16 10 BASH_BUILTINS(1) USER COMMANDS BASH_BUILTINS(1) of the last command executed in the function body. If used outside a function, but during execution of a script by the . (source) command, it causes the shell to stop executing that script and return either _n or the exit status of the last command executed within the script as the exit status of the script. If used out- side a function and not during execution of a script by ., the return status is false. set [--abefhkmnptuvxldCHP] [-o _o_p_t_i_o_n] [_a_r_g ...] -a Automatically mark variables which are modified or created for export to the environment of subsequent commands. -b Cause the status of terminated background jobs to be reported immediately, rather than before the next primary prompt. (Also see notify under Shell Variables above). -e Exit immediately if a _s_i_m_p_l_e-_c_o_m_m_a_n_d (see SHELL GRAMMAR above) exits with a non-zero status. The shell does not exit if the command that fails is part of an _u_n_t_i_l or _w_h_i_l_e loop, part of an _i_f statement, part of a && or || list, or if the command's return value is being inverted via !. -f Disable pathname expansion. -h Locate and remember function commands as func- tions are defined. Function commands are nor- mally looked up when the function is executed. -k All keyword arguments are placed in the environment for a command, not just those that precede the command name. -m Monitor mode. Job control is enabled. This flag is on by default for interactive shells on systems that support it (see JOB CONTROL above). Background processes run in a separate process group and a line containing their exit status is printed upon their completion. -n Read commands but do not execute them. This may be used to check a shell script for syntax errors. This is ignored for interactive shells. -o _o_p_t_i_o_n-_n_a_m_e The _o_p_t_i_o_n-_n_a_m_e can be one of the following: allexport Same as -a. braceexpand The shell performs brace expansion (see Brace Expansion above). This is on by default. emacs Use an emacs-style command line editing interface. This is enabled by default when the shell is interactive, unless GNU Last change: 1993 September 16 11 BASH_BUILTINS(1) USER COMMANDS BASH_BUILTINS(1) the shell is started with the -nol- ineediting option. errexit Same as -e. histexpand Same as -H. ignoreeof The effect is as if the shell command `IGNOREEOF=10' had been executed (see Shell Variables above). interactive-comments Allow a word beginning with # to cause that word and all remaining characters on that line to be ignored in an interactive shell (see COMMENTS above). monitor Same as -m. noclobber Same as -C. noexec Same as -n. noglob Same as -f. nohash Same as -d. notify Same as -b. nounset Same as -u. physical Same as -P. posix Change the behavior of bash where the default operation differs from the Posix 1003.2 standard to match the standard. privileged Same as -p. verbose Same as -v. vi Use a vi-style command line editing interface. xtrace Same as -x. If no _o_p_t_i_o_n-_n_a_m_e is supplied, the values of the current options are printed. -p Turn on _p_r_i_v_i_l_e_g_e_d mode. In this mode, the $ENV file is not processed, and shell functions are not inherited from the environment. This is enabled automatically on startup if the effective user (group) id is not equal to the real user (group) id. Turning this option off causes the effective user and group ids to be set to the real user and group ids. -t Exit after reading and executing one command. -u Treat unset variables as an error when perform- ing parameter expansion. If expansion is attempted on an unset variable, the shell prints an error message, and, if not interac- tive, exits with a non-zero status. -v Print shell input lines as they are read. -x After expanding each _s_i_m_p_l_e-_c_o_m_m_a_n_d, bash GNU Last change: 1993 September 16 12 BASH_BUILTINS(1) USER COMMANDS BASH_BUILTINS(1) displays the expanded value of PS4, followed by the command and its expanded arguments. -l Save and restore the binding of _n_a_m_e in a for _n_a_m_e [in word] command (see SHELL GRAMMAR above). -d Disable the hashing of commands that are looked up for execution. Normally, commands are remembered in a hash table, and once found, do not have to be looked up again. -C The effect is as if the shell command `noclobber=' had been executed (see Shell Vari- ables above). -H Enable ! style history substitution. This flag is on by default when the shell is interactive. -P If set, do not follow symbolic links when per- forming commands such as cd which change the current directory. The physical directory is used instead. -- If no arguments follow this flag, then the positional parameters are unset. Otherwise, the positional parameters are set to the _a_r_gs, even if some of them begin with a -. - Signal the end of options, cause all remaining _a_r_gs to be assigned to the positional parame- ters. The -x and -v options are turned off. If there are no _a_r_gs, the positional parameters remain unchanged. The flags are off by default unless otherwise noted. Using + rather than - causes these flags to be turned off. The flags can also be specified as options to an invocation of the shell. The current set of flags may be found in $-. After the option arguments are pro- cessed, the remaining _n _a_r_gs are treated as values for the positional parameters and are assigned, in order, to $1, $2, ... $_n. If no options or _a_r_gs are supplied, all shell variables are printed. The return status is always true unless an illegal option is encountered. shift [_n] The positional parameters from _n+1 ... are renamed to $1 .... Parameters represented by the numbers $# down to $#-_n+1 are unset. If _n is 0, no parameters are changed. If _n is not given, it is assumed to be 1. _n must be a non-negative number less than or equal to $#. If _n is greater than $#, the positional parameters are not changed. The return status is greater than 0 if _n is greater than $# or less than 0; otherwise 0. suspend [-f] Suspend the execution of this shell until it receives a SIGCONT signal. The -f option says not to complain if GNU Last change: 1993 September 16 13 BASH_BUILTINS(1) USER COMMANDS BASH_BUILTINS(1) this is a login shell; just suspend anyway. The return status is 0 unless the shell is a login shell and -f is not supplied, or if job control is not enabled. test _e_x_p_r [ _e_x_p_r ] Return a status of 0 (true) or 1 (false) depending on the evaluation of the conditional expression _e_x_p_r. Expressions may be unary or binary. Unary expressions are often used to examine the status of a file. There are string operators and numeric comparison operators as well. Each operator and operand must be a separate argument. If _f_i_l_e is of the form /dev/fd/_n, then file descriptor _n is checked. -b _f_i_l_e True if _f_i_l_e exists and is block special. -c _f_i_l_e True if _f_i_l_e exists and is character special. -d _f_i_l_e True if _f_i_l_e exists and is a directory. -e _f_i_l_e True if _f_i_l_e exists. -f _f_i_l_e True if _f_i_l_e exists and is a regular file. -g _f_i_l_e True if _f_i_l_e exists and is set-group-id. -k _f_i_l_e True if _f_i_l_e has its ``sticky'' bit set. -L _f_i_l_e True if _f_i_l_e exists and is a symbolic link. -p _f_i_l_e True if _f_i_l_e exists and is a named pipe. -r _f_i_l_e True if _f_i_l_e exists and is readable. -s _f_i_l_e True if _f_i_l_e exists and has a size greater than zero. -S _f_i_l_e True if _f_i_l_e exists and is a socket. -t _f_d True if _f_d is opened on a terminal. -u _f_i_l_e True if _f_i_l_e exists and its set-user-id bit is set. -w _f_i_l_e True if _f_i_l_e exists and is writable. -x _f_i_l_e True if _f_i_l_e exists and is executable. -O _f_i_l_e True if _f_i_l_e exists and is owned by the effective user id. -G _f_i_l_e GNU Last change: 1993 September 16 14 BASH_BUILTINS(1) USER COMMANDS BASH_BUILTINS(1) True if _f_i_l_e exists and is owned by the effective group id. _f_i_l_e_1 -nt _f_i_l_e_2 True if _f_i_l_e_1 is newer (according to modification date) than _f_i_l_e_2. _f_i_l_e_1 -ot _f_i_l_e_2 True if _f_i_l_e_1 is older than file2. _f_i_l_e_1 -ef _f_i_l_e True if _f_i_l_e_1 and _f_i_l_e_2 have the same device and inode numbers. -z _s_t_r_i_n_g True if the length of _s_t_r_i_n_g is zero. -n _s_t_r_i_n_g _s_t_r_i_n_g True if the length of _s_t_r_i_n_g is non-zero. _s_t_r_i_n_g_1 = _s_t_r_i_n_g_2 True if the strings are equal. _s_t_r_i_n_g_1 != _s_t_r_i_n_g_2 True if the strings are not equal. ! _e_x_p_r True if _e_x_p_r is false. _e_x_p_r_1 -a _e_x_p_r_2 True if both _e_x_p_r_1 AND _e_x_p_r_2 are true. _e_x_p_r_1 -o _e_x_p_r_2 True if either _e_x_p_r_1 OR _e_x_p_r_2 is true. _a_r_g_1 OP _a_r_g_2 OP is one of -eq, -ne, -lt, -le, -gt, or -ge. These arithmetic binary operators return true if _a_r_g_1 is equal, not-equal, less-than, less-than- or-equal, greater-than, or greater-than-or-equal than _a_r_g_2, respectively. _A_r_g_1 and _a_r_g_2 may be positive integers, negative integers, or the spe- cial expression -l _s_t_r_i_n_g, which evaluates to the length of _s_t_r_i_n_g. times Print the accumulated user and system times for the shell and for processes run from the shell. The return status is 0. trap [-l] [_a_r_g] [_s_i_g_s_p_e_c] The command _a_r_g is to be read and executed when the shell receives signal(s) _s_i_g_s_p_e_c. If _a_r_g is absent or -, all specified signals are reset to their original values (the values they had upon entrance to the shell). If _a_r_g is the null string this signal is ignored by the shell and by the commands it invokes. _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is either a signal name defined in <_s_i_g_n_a_l._h>, or a signal number. If _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is EXIT (0) the command _a_r_g is executed on exit from the shell. With no argu- ments, trap prints the list of commands associated with each signal number. The -l option causes the shell to GNU Last change: 1993 September 16 15 BASH_BUILTINS(1) USER COMMANDS BASH_BUILTINS(1) print a list of signal names and their corresponding numbers. An argument of -- disables option checking for the rest of the arguments. Signals ignored upon entry to the shell cannot be trapped or reset. Trapped signals are reset to their original values in a child process when it is created. The return status is false if either the trap name or number is invalid; otherwise trap returns true. type [-all] [-type | -path] _n_a_m_e [_n_a_m_e ...] With no options, indicate how each _n_a_m_e would be inter- preted if used as a command name. If the -type flag is used, type prints a phrase which is one of _a_l_i_a_s, _k_e_y_- _w_o_r_d, _f_u_n_c_t_i_o_n, _b_u_i_l_t_i_n, or _f_i_l_e if _n_a_m_e is an alias, shell reserved word, function, builtin, or disk file, respectively. If the name is not found, then nothing is printed, and an exit status of false is returned. If the -path flag is used, type either returns the name of the disk file that would be executed if _n_a_m_e were specified as a command name, or nothing if -type would not return _f_i_l_e. If a command is hashed, -path prints the hashed value, not necessarily the file that appears first in PATH. If the -all flag is used, type prints all of the places that contain an executable named _n_a_m_e. This includes aliases and functions, if and only if the -path flag is not also used. The table of hashed commands is not consulted when using -all. type accepts -a, -t, and -p in place of -all, -type, and -path, respectively. An argument of -- disables option checking for the rest of the arguments. type returns true if any of the arguments are found, false if none are found. ulimit [-SHacdfmstpnuv [_l_i_m_i_t]] Ulimit provides control over the resources available to the shell and to processes started by it, on systems that allow such control. The value of _l_i_m_i_t can be a number in the unit specified for the resource, or the value unlimited. The H and S options specify that the hard or soft limit is set for the given resource. A hard limit cannot be increased once it is set; a soft limit may be increased up to the value of the hard limit. If neither H nor S is specified, the command applies to the soft limit. If _l_i_m_i_t is omitted, the current value of the soft limit of the resource is printed, unless the H option is given. When more than one resource is specified, the limit name and unit is printed before the value. Other options are inter- preted as follows: -a all current limits are reported -c the maximum size of core files created -d the maximum size of a process's data segment GNU Last change: 1993 September 16 16 BASH_BUILTINS(1) USER COMMANDS BASH_BUILTINS(1) -f the maximum size of files created by the shell -m the maximum resident set size -s the maximum stack size -t the maximum amount of cpu time in seconds -p the pipe size in 512-byte blocks (this may not be set) -n the maximum number of open file descriptors (most systems do not allow this value to be set, only displayed) -u the maximum number of processes available to a single user -v The maximum amount of virtual memory available to the shell An argument of -- disables option checking for the rest of the arguments. If _l_i_m_i_t is given, it is the new value of the specified resource (the -a option is display only). If no option is given, then -f is assumed. Values are in 1024-byte increments, except for -t, which is in seconds, -p, which is in units of 512-byte blocks, and -n and -u, which are unscaled values. The return status is 0 unless an illegal option is encountered, a non-numeric argument other than unlimited is supplied as _l_i_m_i_t, or an error occurs while setting a new limit. umask [-S] [_m_o_d_e] The user file-creation mask is set to _m_o_d_e. If _m_o_d_e begins with a digit, it is interpreted as an octal number; otherwise it is interpreted as a symbolic mode mask similar to that accepted by _c_h_m_o_d(1). If _m_o_d_e is omitted, or if the -S option is supplied, the current value of the mask is printed. The -S option causes the mask to be printed in symbolic form; the default output is an octal number. An argument of -- disables option checking for the rest of the arguments. The return status is 0 if the mode was successfully changed or if no _m_o_d_e argument was supplied, and false otherwise. unalias [-a] [_n_a_m_e ...] Remove _n_a_m_es from the list of defined aliases. If -a is supplied, all alias definitions are removed. The return value is true unless a supplied _n_a_m_e is not a defined alias. unset [-fv] [_n_a_m_e ...] For each _n_a_m_e, remove the corresponding variable or, given the -f option, function. An argument of -- dis- ables option checking for the rest of the arguments. Note that PATH, IFS, PPID, PS1, PS2, UID, and EUID can- not be unset. If any of RANDOM, SECONDS, LINENO, or HISTCMD are unset, they lose their special properties, GNU Last change: 1993 September 16 17 BASH_BUILTINS(1) USER COMMANDS BASH_BUILTINS(1) even if they are subsequently reset. The exit status is true unless a _n_a_m_e does not exist or is non- unsettable. wait [_n] Wait for the specified process and return its termina- tion status. _n may be a process ID or a job specifica- tion; if a job spec is given, all processes in that job's pipeline are waited for. If _n is not given, all currently active child processes are waited for, and the return status is zero. If _n specifies a non- existant process or job, the return status is 127. Otherwise, the return status is the exit status of the last process or job waited for. SEE ALSO bash(1), sh(1) GNU Last change: 1993 September 16 18 bash-1.14.3/documentation/article.ms 664 436 0 121442 5612567231 15563 0ustar chetwheel.de SE \" start example .sp .5 .RS .ft CR .nf .. .de EE \" end example .fi .sp .5 .RE .ft R .. .TL Bash \- The GNU shell* .AU Chet Ramey Case Western Reserve University chet@po.cwru.edu .FS *An earlier version of this article appeared in The Linux Journal. .FE .NH 1 Introduction .PP .B Bash is the shell, or command language interpreter, that will appear in the GNU operating system. The name is an acronym for the \*QBourne-Again SHell\*U, a pun on Steve Bourne, the author of the direct ancestor of the current .UX shell \fI/bin/sh\fP, which appeared in the Seventh Edition Bell Labs Research version of \s-1UNIX\s+1. .PP Bash is an \fBsh\fP\-compatible shell that incorporates useful features from the Korn shell (\fBksh\fP) and the C shell (\fBcsh\fP), described later in this article. It is ultimately intended to be a conformant implementation of the IEEE POSIX Shell and Utilities specification (IEEE Working Group 1003.2). It offers functional improvements over sh for both interactive and programming use. .PP While the GNU operating system will most likely include a version of the Berkeley shell csh, Bash will be the default shell. Like other GNU software, Bash is quite portable. It currently runs on nearly every version of .UX and a few other operating systems \- an independently-supported port exists for OS/2, and there are rumors of ports to DOS and Windows NT. Ports to \s-1UNIX\s+1-like systems such as QNX and Minix are part of the distribution. .PP The original author of Bash was Brian Fox, an employee of the Free Software Foundation. The current developer and maintainer is Chet Ramey, a volunteer who works at Case Western Reserve University. .NH 1 What's POSIX, anyway? .PP .I POSIX is a name originally coined by Richard Stallman for a family of open system standards based on \s-1UNIX\s+1. There are a number of aspects of \s-1UNIX\s+1 under consideration for standardization, from the basic system services at the system call and C library level to applications and tools to system administration and management. Each area of standardization is assigned to a working group in the 1003 series. .PP The POSIX Shell and Utilities standard has been developed by IEEE Working Group 1003.2 (POSIX.2).\(dd .FS \(ddIEEE, \fIIEEE Standard for Information Technology -- Portable Operating System Interface (POSIX) Part 2: Shell and Utilities\fP, 1992. .FE It concentrates on the command interpreter interface and utility programs commonly executed from the command line or by other programs. An initial version of the standard has been approved and published by the IEEE, and work is currently underway to update it. There are four primary areas of work in the 1003.2 standard: .IP \(bu Aspects of the shell's syntax and command language. A number of special builtins such as .B cd and .B exec are being specified as part of the shell, since their functionality usually cannot be implemented by a separate executable; .IP \(bu A set of utilities to be called by shell scripts and applications. Examples are programs like .I sed, .I tr, and .I awk. Utilities commonly implemented as shell builtins are described in this section, such as .B test and .B kill . An expansion of this section's scope, termed the User Portability Extension, or UPE, has standardized interactive programs such as .I vi and .I mailx; .IP \(bu A group of functional interfaces to services provided by the shell, such as the traditional \f(CRsystem()\fP C library function. There are functions to perform shell word expansions, perform filename expansion (\fIglobbing\fP), obtain values of POSIX.2 system configuration variables, retrieve values of environment variables (\f(CRgetenv()\fP\^), and other services; .IP \(bu A suite of \*Qdevelopment\*U utilities such as .I c89 (the POSIX.2 version of \fIcc\fP), and .I yacc. .PP Bash is concerned with the aspects of the shell's behavior defined by POSIX.2. The shell command language has of course been standardized, including the basic flow control and program execution constructs, I/O redirection and pipelining, argument handling, variable expansion, and quoting. The .I special builtins, which must be implemented as part of the shell to provide the desired functionality, are specified as being part of the shell; examples of these are .B eval and .B export . Other utilities appear in the sections of POSIX.2 not devoted to the shell which are commonly (and in some cases must be) implemented as builtin commands, such as .B read and .B test . POSIX.2 also specifies aspects of the shell's interactive behavior as part of the UPE, including job control and command line editing. Interestingly enough, only \fIvi\fP-style line editing commands have been standardized; \fIemacs\fP editing commands were left out due to objections. .PP While POSIX.2 includes much of what the shell has traditionally provided, some important things have been omitted as being \*Qbeyond its scope.\*U There is, for instance, no mention of a difference between a .I login shell and any other interactive shell (since POSIX.2 does not specify a login program). No fixed startup files are defined, either \- the standard does not mention .I .profile . .NH 1 Basic Bash features .PP Since the Bourne shell provides Bash with most of its philosophical underpinnings, Bash inherits most of its features and functionality from sh. Bash implements all of the traditional sh flow control constructs (\fIfor\fP, \fIif\fP, \fIwhile\fP, etc.). All of the Bourne shell builtins, including those not specified in the POSIX.2 standard, appear in Bash. Shell \fIfunctions\fP, introduced in the SVR2 version of the Bourne shell, are similar to shell scripts, but are defined using a special syntax and are executed in the same process as the calling shell. Bash has shell functions which behave in a fashion upward-compatible with sh functions. There are certain shell variables that Bash interprets in the same way as sh, such as .B PS1 , .B IFS , and .B PATH . Bash implements essentially the same grammar, parameter and variable expansion semantics, redirection, and quoting as the Bourne shell. Where differences appear between the POSIX.2 standard and traditional sh behavior, Bash follows POSIX. .PP The Korn Shell (\fBksh\fP) is a descendent of the Bourne shell written at AT&T Bell Laboratories by David Korn\(dg. It provides a number of useful features that POSIX and Bash have adopted. Many of the interactive facilities in POSIX.2 have their roots in the ksh: for example, the POSIX and ksh job control facilities are nearly identical. Bash includes features from the Korn Shell for both interactive use and shell programming. For programming, Bash provides variables such as .B RANDOM and .B REPLY , the .B typeset builtin, the ability to remove substrings from variables based on patterns, and shell arithmetic. .FS \(dgMorris Bolsky and David Korn, \fIThe KornShell Command and Programming Language\fP, Prentice Hall, 1989. .FE .B RANDOM expands to a random number each time it is referenced; assigning a value to .B RANDOM seeds the random number generator. .B REPLY is the default variable used by the .B read builtin when no variable names are supplied as arguments. The .B typeset builtin is used to define variables and give them attributes such as \fBreadonly\fP. Bash arithmetic allows the evaluation of an expression and the substitution of the result. Shell variables may be used as operands, and the result of an expression may be assigned to a variable. Nearly all of the operators from the C language are available, with the same precedence rules: .SE $ echo $((3 + 5 * 32)) 163 .EE .LP For interactive use, Bash implements ksh-style aliases and builtins such as .B fc (discussed below) and .B jobs . Bash aliases allow a string to be substituted for a command name. They can be used to create a mnemonic for a \s-1UNIX\s+1 command name (\f(CRalias del=rm\fP), to expand a single word to a complex command (\f(CRalias news='xterm -g 80x45 -title trn -e trn -e -S1 -N &'\fP), or to ensure that a command is invoked with a basic set of options (\f(CRalias ls="/bin/ls -F"\fP). .PP The C shell (\fBcsh\fP)\(dg, originally written by Bill Joy while at Berkeley, is widely used and quite popular for its interactive facilities. Bash includes a csh-compatible history expansion mechanism (\*Q! history\*U), brace expansion, access to a stack of directories via the .B pushd , .B popd , and .B dirs builtins, and tilde expansion, to generate users' home directories. Tilde expansion has also been adopted by both the Korn Shell and POSIX.2. .FS \(dgBill Joy, An Introduction to the C Shell, \fIUNIX User's Supplementary Documents\fP, University of California at Berkeley, 1986. .FE .PP There were certain areas in which POSIX.2 felt standardization was necessary, but no existing implementation provided the proper behavior. The working group invented and standardized functionality in these areas, which Bash implements. The .B command builtin was invented so that shell functions could be written to replace builtins; it makes the capabilities of the builtin available to the function. The reserved word \*Q!\*U was added to negate the return value of a command or pipeline; it was nearly impossible to express \*Qif not x\*U cleanly using the sh language. There exist multiple incompatible implementations of the .B test builtin, which tests files for type and other attributes and performs arithmetic and string comparisons. POSIX considered none of these correct, so the standard behavior was specified in terms of the number of arguments to the command. POSIX.2 dictates exactly what will happen when four or fewer arguments are given to .B test , and leaves the behavior undefined when more arguments are supplied. Bash uses the POSIX.2 algorithm, which was conceived by David Korn. .NH 2 Features not in the Bourne Shell .PP There are a number of minor differences between Bash and the version of sh present on most other versions of \s-1UNIX\s+1. The majority of these are due to the POSIX standard, but some are the result of Bash adopting features from other shells. For instance, Bash includes the new \*Q!\*U reserved word, the .B command builtin, the ability of the .B read builtin to correctly return a line ending with a backslash, symbolic arguments to the .B umask builtin, variable substring removal, a way to get the length of a variable, and the new algorithm for the .B test builtin from the POSIX.2 standard, none of which appear in sh. .PP Bash also implements the \*Q$(...)\*U command substitution syntax, which supersedes the sh `...` construct. The \*Q$(...)\*U construct expands to the output of the command contained within the parentheses, with trailing newlines removed. The sh syntax is accepted for backwards compatibility, but the \*Q$(...)\*U form is preferred because its quoting rules are much simpler and it is easier to nest. .PP The Bourne shell does not provide such features as brace expansion, the ability to define a variable and a function with the same name, local variables in shell functions, the ability to enable and disable individual builtins or write a function to replace a builtin, or a means to export a shell function to a child process. .PP Bash has closed a long-standing shell security hole by not using the .B $IFS variable to split each word read by the shell, but splitting only the results of expansion (ksh and the 4.4 BSD sh have fixed this as well). Useful behavior such as a means to abort execution of a script read with the \*Q.\*U command using the \fBreturn\fP builtin or automatically exporting variables in the shell's environment to children is also not present in the Bourne shell. Bash provides a much more powerful environment for both interactive use and programming. .NH 1 Bash-specific Features .PP This section details a few of the features which make Bash unique. Most of them provide improved interactive use, but a few programming improvements are present as well. Full descriptions of these features can be found in the Bash documentation. .NH 2 Startup Files .PP Bash executes startup files differently than other shells. The Bash behavior is a compromise between the csh principle of startup files with fixed names executed for each shell and the sh \*Qminimalist\*U behavior. An interactive instance of Bash started as a login shell reads and executes .I ~/.bash_profile (the file .bash_profile in the user's home directory), if it exists. An interactive non-login shell reads and executes .I ~/.bashrc . A non-interactive shell (one begun to execute a shell script, for example) reads no fixed startup file, but uses the value of the variable .B $ENV , if set, as the name of a startup file. The ksh practice of reading .B $ENV for every shell, with the accompanying difficulty of defining the proper variables and functions for interactive and non-interactive shells or having the file read only for interactive shells, was considered too complex. Ease of use won out here. Interestingly, the next release of ksh will change to reading .B $ENV only for interactive shells. .NH 2 New Builtin Commands .PP There are a few builtins which are new or have been extended in Bash. The .B enable builtin allows builtin commands to be turned on and off arbitrarily. To use the version of .I echo found in a user's search path rather than the Bash builtin, \f(CRenable -n echo\fP suffices. The .B help builtin provides quick synopses of the shell facilities without requiring access to a manual page. .B Builtin is similar to .B command in that it bypasses shell functions and directly executes builtin commands. Access to a csh-style stack of directories is provided via the .B pushd , .B popd , and .B dirs builtins. .B Pushd and .B popd insert and remove directories from the stack, respectively, and .B dirs lists the stack contents. On systems that allow fine-grained control of resources, the .B ulimit builtin can be used to tune these settings. .B Ulimit allows a user to control, among other things, whether core dumps are to be generated, how much memory the shell or a child process is allowed to allocate, and how large a file created by a child process can grow. The .B suspend command will stop the shell process when job control is active; most other shells do not allow themselves to be stopped like that. .B Type, the Bash answer to .B which and .B whence, shows what will happen when a word is typed as a command: .SE $ type export export is a shell builtin $ type -t export builtin $ type bash bash is /bin/bash $ type cd cd is a function cd () { builtin cd ${1+"$@"} && xtitle $HOST: $PWD } .EE .LP Various modes tell what a command word is (reserved word, alias, function, builtin, or file) or which version of a command will be executed based on a user's search path. Some of this functionality has been adopted by POSIX.2 and folded into the .B command utility. .NH 2 Editing and Completion .PP One area in which Bash shines is command line editing. Bash uses the .I readline library to read and edit lines when interactive. Readline is a powerful and flexible input facility that a user can configure to individual tastes. It allows lines to be edited using either emacs or vi commands, where those commands are appropriate. The full capability of emacs is not present \- there is no way to execute a named command with M-x, for instance \- but the existing commands are more than adequate. The vi mode is compliant with the command line editing standardized by POSIX.2. .PP Readline is fully customizable. In addition to the basic commands and key bindings, the library allows users to define additional key bindings using a startup file. The .I inputrc file, which defaults to the file .I ~/.inputrc , is read each time readline initializes, permitting users to maintain a consistent interface across a set of programs. Readline includes an extensible interface, so each program using the library can add its own bindable commands and program-specific key bindings. Bash uses this facility to add bindings that perform history expansion or shell word expansions on the current input line. .PP Readline interprets a number of variables which further tune its behavior. Variables exist to control whether or not eight-bit characters are directly read as input or converted to meta-prefixed key sequences (a meta-prefixed key sequence consists of the character with the eighth bit zeroed, preceded by the .I meta-prefix character, usually escape, which selects an alternate keymap), to decide whether to output characters with the eighth bit set directly or as a meta-prefixed key sequence, whether or not to wrap to a new screen line when a line being edited is longer than the screen width, the keymap to which subsequent key bindings should apply, or even what happens when readline wants to ring the terminal's bell. All of these variables can be set in the inputrc file. .PP The startup file understands a set of C preprocessor-like conditional constructs which allow variables or key bindings to be assigned based on the application using readline, the terminal currently being used, or the editing mode. Users can add program-specific bindings to make their lives easier: I have bindings that let me edit the value of .B $PATH and double-quote the current or previous word: .SE # Macros that are convenient for shell interaction $if Bash # edit the path "\eC-xp": "PATH=${PATH}\ee\eC-e\eC-a\eef\eC-f" # prepare to type a quoted word -- insert open and close double # quotes and move to just after the open quote "\eC-x\e"": "\e"\e"\eC-b" # Quote the current or previous word "\eC-xq": "\eeb\e"\eef\e"" $endif .EE .LP There is a readline command to re-read the file, so users can edit the file, change some bindings, and begin to use them almost immediately. .PP Bash implements the .B bind builtin for more dyamic control of readline than the startup file permits. .B Bind is used in several ways. In .I list mode, it can display the current key bindings, list all the readline editing directives available for binding, list which keys invoke a given directive, or output the current set of key bindings in a format that can be incorporated directly into an inputrc file. In .I batch mode, it reads a series of key bindings directly from a file and passes them to readline. In its most common usage, .B bind takes a single string and passes it directly to readline, which interprets the line as if it had just been read from the inputrc file. Both key bindings and variable assignments may appear in the string given to .B bind . .PP The readline library also provides an interface for \fIword completion\fP. When the .I completion character (usually TAB) is typed, readline looks at the word currently being entered and computes the set of filenames of which the current word is a valid prefix. If there is only one possible completion, the rest of the characters are inserted directly, otherwise the common prefix of the set of filenames is added to the current word. A second TAB character entered immediately after a non-unique completion causes readline to list the possible completions; there is an option to have the list displayed immediately. Readline provides hooks so that applications can provide specific types of completion before the default filename completion is attempted. This is quite flexible, though it is not completely user-programmable. Bash, for example, can complete filenames, command names (including aliases, builtins, shell reserved words, shell functions, and executables found in the file system), shell variables, usernames, and hostnames. It uses a set of heuristics that, while not perfect, is generally quite good at determining what type of completion to attempt. .NH 2 History .PP Access to the list of commands previously entered (the \fIcommand history\fP) is provided jointly by Bash and the readline library. Bash provides variables (\fB$HISTFILE\fP, \fB$HISTSIZE\fP, and \fB$HISTCONTROL\fP) and the .B history and .B fc builtins to manipulate the history list. The value of .B $HISTFILE specifes the file where Bash writes the command history on exit and reads it on startup. .B $HISTSIZE is used to limit the number of commands saved in the history. .B $HISTCONTROL provides a crude form of control over which commands are saved on the history list: a value of .I ignorespace means to not save commands which begin with a space; a value of .I ignoredups means to not save commands identical to the last command saved. \fB$HISTCONTROL\fP was named \fB$history_control\fP in earlier versions of Bash; the old name is still accepted for backwards compatibility. The .B history command can read or write files containing the history list and display the current list contents. The .B fc builtin, adopted from POSIX.2 and the Korn Shell, allows display and re-execution, with optional editing, of commands from the history list. The readline library offers a set of commands to search the history list for a portion of the current input line or a string typed by the user. Finally, the .I history library, generally incorporated directly into the readline library, implements a facility for history recall, expansion, and re-execution of previous commands very similar to csh (\*Qbang history\*U, so called because the exclamation point introduces a history substitution): .SE $ echo a b c d e a b c d e $ !! f g h i echo a b c d e f g h i a b c d e f g h i $ !-2 echo a b c d e a b c d e $ echo !-2:1-4 echo a b c d a b c d .EE .LP The command history is only saved when the shell is interactive, so it is not available for use by shell scripts. .NH 2 New Shell Variables .PP There are a number of convenience variables that Bash interprets to make life easier. These include .B FIGNORE , which is a set of filename suffixes identifying files to exclude when completing filenames; .B HOSTTYPE , which is automatically set to a string describing the type of hardware on which Bash is currently executing; .B command_oriented_history , which directs Bash to save all lines of a multiple-line command such as a \fIwhile\fP or \fIfor\fP loop in a single history entry, allowing easy re-editing; and .B IGNOREEOF , whose value indicates the number of consecutive EOF characters that an interactive shell will read before exiting \- an easy way to keep yourself from being logged out accidentally. The .B auto_resume variable alters the way the shell treats simple command names: if job control is active, and this variable is set, single-word simple commands without redirections cause the shell to first look for and restart a suspended job with that name before starting a new process. .NH 2 Brace Expansion .PP Since sh offers no convenient way to generate arbitrary strings that share a common prefix or suffix (filename expansion requires that the filenames exist), Bash implements \fIbrace expansion\fP, a capability picked up from csh. Brace expansion is similar to filename expansion, but the strings generated need not correspond to existing files. A brace expression consists of an optional .I preamble , followed by a pair of braces enclosing a series of comma-separated strings, and an optional .I postamble . The preamble is prepended to each string within the braces, and the postamble is then appended to each resulting string: .SE $ echo a{d,c,b}e ade ace abe .EE .LP As this example demonstrates, the results of brace expansion are not sorted, as they are by filename expansion. .NH 2 Process Substitution .PP On systems that can support it, Bash provides a facility known as \fIprocess substitution\fP. Process substitution is similar to command substitution in that its specification includes a command to execute, but the shell does not collect the command's output and insert it into the command line. Rather, Bash opens a pipe to the command, which is run in the background. The shell uses named pipes (FIFOs) or the .I /dev/fd method of naming open files to expand the process substitution to a filename which connects to the pipe when opened. This filename becomes the result of the expansion. Process substitution can be used to compare the outputs of two different versions of an application as part of a regression test: .SE $ cmp <(old_prog) <(new_prog) .EE .NH 2 Prompt Customization .PP One of the more popular interactive features that Bash provides is the ability to customize the prompt. Both .B $PS1 and .B $PS2, the primary and secondary prompts, are expanded before being displayed. Parameter and variable expansion is performed when the prompt string is expanded, so any shell variable can be put into the prompt (e.g., .B $SHLVL , which indicates how deeply the current shell is nested). Bash specially interprets characters in the prompt string preceded by a backslash. Some of these backslash escapes are replaced with the current time, the date, the current working directory, the username, and the command number or history number of the command being entered. There is even a backslash escape to cause the shell to change its prompt when running as root after an \fIsu\fP. Before printing each primary prompt, Bash expands the variable .B $PROMPT_COMMAND and, if it has a value, executes the expanded value as a command, allowing additional prompt customization. For example, this assignment causes the current user, the current host, the time, the last component of the current working directory, the level of shell nesting, and the history number of the current command to be embedded into the primary prompt: .SE $ PS1='\eu@\eh [\et] \eW($SHLVL:\e!)\e$ ' chet@odin [21:03:44] documentation(2:636)$ cd .. chet@odin [21:03:54] src(2:637)$ .EE .LP The string being assigned is surrounded by single quotes so that if it is exported, the value of .B $SHLVL will be updated by a child shell: .SE chet@odin [21:17:35] src(2:638)$ export PS1 chet@odin [21:17:40] src(2:639)$ bash chet@odin [21:17:46] src(3:696)$ .EE .LP The \fP\e$\fP escape is displayed as \*Q\fB$\fP\*U when running as a normal user, but as \*Q\fB#\fP\*U when running as root. .NH 2 File System Views .PP Since Berkeley introduced symbolic links in 4.2 BSD, one of their most annoying properties has been the \*Qwarping\*U to a completely different area of the file system when using .B cd , and the resultant non-intuitive behavior of \*Q\fBcd ..\fP\*U. The \s-1UNIX\s+1 kernel treats symbolic links .I physically . When the kernel is translating a pathname in which one component is a symbolic link, it replaces all or part of the pathname while processing the link. If the contents of the symbolic link begin with a slash, the kernel replaces the pathname entirely; if not, the link contents replace the current component. In either case, the symbolic link is visible. If the link value is an absolute pathname, the user finds himself in a completely different part of the file system. .PP Bash provides a .I logical view of the file system. In this default mode, command and filename completion and builtin commands such as .B cd and .B pushd which change the current working directory transparently follow symbolic links as if they were directories. The .B $PWD variable, which holds the shell's idea of the current working directory, depends on the path used to reach the directory rather than its physical location in the local file system hierarchy. For example: .SE $ cd /usr/local/bin $ echo $PWD /usr/local/bin $ pwd /usr/local/bin $ /bin/pwd /net/share/sun4/local/bin $ cd .. $ pwd /usr/local $ /bin/pwd /net/share/sun4/local $ cd .. $ pwd /usr $ /bin/pwd /usr .EE .LP One problem with this, of course, arises when programs that do not understand the shell's logical notion of the file system interpret \*Q..\*U differently. This generally happens when Bash completes filenames containing \*Q..\*U according to a logical hierarchy which does not correspond to their physical location. For users who find this troublesome, a corresponding .I physical view of the file system is available: .SE $ cd /usr/local/bin $ pwd /usr/local/bin $ set -o physical $ pwd /net/share/sun4/local/bin .EE .NH 2 Internationalization .PP One of the most significant improvements in version 1.13 of Bash was the change to \*Qeight-bit cleanliness\*U. Previous versions used the eighth bit of characters to mark whether or not they were quoted when performing word expansions. While this did not affect the majority of users, most of whom used only seven-bit ASCII characters, some found it confining. Beginning with version 1.13, Bash implemented a different quoting mechanism that did not alter the eighth bit of characters. This allowed Bash to manipulate files with \*Qodd\*U characters in their names, but did nothing to help users enter those names, so version 1.13 introduced changes to readline that made it eight-bit clean as well. Options exist that force readline to attach no special significance to characters with the eighth bit set (the default behavior is to convert these characters to meta-prefixed key sequences) and to output these characters without conversion to meta-prefixed sequences. These changes, along with the expansion of keymaps to a full eight bits, enable readline to work with most of the ISO-8859 family of character sets, used by many European countries. .NH 2 POSIX Mode .PP Although Bash is intended to be POSIX.2 conformant, there are areas in which the default behavior is not compatible with the standard. For users who wish to operate in a strict POSIX.2 environment, Bash implements a \fIPOSIX mode\fP. When this mode is active, Bash modifies its default operation where it differs from POSIX.2 to match the standard. POSIX mode is entered when Bash is started with the .B -posix option. This feature is also available as an option to the \fBset\fP builtin, \fBset -o posix\fP. For compatibility with other GNU software that attempts to be POSIX.2 compliant, Bash also enters POSIX mode if the variable .B $POSIXLY_CORRECT is set when Bash is started or assigned a value during execution. .B $POSIX_PEDANTIC is accepted as well, to be compatible with some older GNU utilities. When Bash is started in POSIX mode, for example, it sources the file named by the value of .B $ENV rather than the \*Qnormal\*U startup files, and does not allow reserved words to be aliased. .NH 1 New Features and Future Plans .PP There are several features introduced in the current version of Bash, version 1.14, and a number under consideration for future releases. This section will briefly detail the new features in version 1.14 and describe several features that may appear in later versions. .NH 2 New Features in Bash-1.14 .PP The new features available in Bash-1.14 answer several of the most common requests for enhancements. Most notably, there is a mechanism for including non-visible character sequences in prompts, such as those which cause a terminal to print characters in different colors or in standout mode. There was nothing preventing the use of these sequences in earlier versions, but the readline redisplay algorithm assumed each character occupied physical screen space and would wrap lines prematurely. .PP Readline has a few new variables, several new bindable commands, and some additional emacs mode default key bindings. A new history search mode has been implemented: in this mode, readline searches the history for lines beginning with the characters between the beginning of the current line and the cursor. The existing readline incremental search commands no longer match identical lines more than once. Filename completion now expands variables in directory names. The history expansion facilities are now nearly completely csh-compatible: missing modifiers have been added and history substitution has been extended. .PP Several of the features described earlier, such as .B "set -o posix" and .B $POSIX_PEDANTIC , are new in version 1.14. There is a new shell variable, .B OSTYPE , to which Bash assigns a value that identifies the version of \s-1UNIX\s+1 it's running on (great for putting architecture-specific binary directories into the \fB$PATH\fP). Two variables have been renamed: .B $HISTCONTROL replaces .B $history_control , and .B $HOSTFILE replaces .B $hostname_completion_file . In both cases, the old names are accepted for backwards compatibility. The ksh .I select construct, which allows the generation of simple menus, has been implemented. New capabilities have been added to existing variables: .B $auto_resume can now take values of .I exact or .I substring , and .B $HISTCONTROL understands the value .I ignoreboth , which combines the two previously acceptable values. The .B dirs builtin has acquired options to print out specific members of the directory stack. The .B $nolinks variable, which forces a physical view of the file system, has been superseded by the .B \-P option to the .B set builtin (equivalent to \fBset -o physical\fP); the variable is retained for backwards compatibility. The version string contained in .B $BASH_VERSION now includes an indication of the patch level as well as the \*Qbuild version\*U. Some little-used features have been removed: the .B bye synonym for .B exit and the .B $NO_PROMPT_VARS variable are gone. There is now an organized test suite that can be run as a regression test when building a new version of Bash. .PP The documentation has been thoroughly overhauled: there is a new manual page on the readline library and the \fIinfo\fP file has been updated to reflect the current version. As always, as many bugs as possible have been fixed, although some surely remain. .NH 2 Other Features .PP There are a few features that I hope to include in later Bash releases. Some are based on work already done in other shells. .PP In addition to simple variables, a future release of Bash will include one-dimensional arrays, using the ksh implementation of arrays as a model. Additions to the ksh syntax, such as \fIvarname\fP=( ... ) to assign a list of words directly to an array and a mechanism to allow the .B read builtin to read a list of values directly into an array, would be desirable. Given those extensions, the ksh .B "set \-A" syntax may not be worth supporting (the .B \-A option assigns a list of values to an array, but is a rather peculiar special case). .PP Some shells include a means of \fIprogrammable\fP word completion, where the user specifies on a per-command basis how the arguments of the command are to be treated when completion is attempted: as filenames, hostnames, executable files, and so on. The other aspects of the current Bash implementation could remain as-is; the existing heuristics would still be valid. Only when completing the arguments to a simple command would the programmable completion be in effect. .PP It would also be nice to give the user finer-grained control over which commands are saved onto the history list. One proposal is for a variable, tentatively named .B HISTIGNORE , which would contain a colon-separated list of commands. Lines beginning with these commands, after the restrictions of .B $HISTCONTROL have been applied, would not be placed onto the history list. The shell pattern-matching capabilities could also be available when specifying the contents of .B $HISTIGNORE . .PP One thing that newer shells such as .B wksh (also known as .B dtksh ) provide is a command to dynamically load code implementing additional builtin commands into a running shell. This new builtin would take an object file or shared library implementing the \*Qbody\*U of the builtin (\fIxxx_builtin()\fP for those familiar with Bash internals) and a structure containing the name of the new command, the function to call when the new builtin is invoked (presumably defined in the shared object specified as an argument), and the documentation to be printed by the .B help command (possibly present in the shared object as well). It would manage the details of extending the internal table of builtins. .PP A few other builtins would also be desirable: two are the POSIX.2 .B getconf command, which prints the values of system configuration variables defined by POSIX.2, and a .B disown builtin, which causes a shell running with job control active to \*Qforget about\*U one or more background jobs in its internal jobs table. Using .B getconf , for example, a user could retrieve a value for .B $PATH guaranteed to find all of the POSIX standard utilities, or find out how long filenames may be in the file system containing a specified directory. .PP There are no implementation timetables for any of these features, nor are there concrete plans to include them. If anyone has comments on these proposals, feel free to send me electronic mail. .NH 1 Reflections and Lessons Learned .PP The lesson that has been repeated most often during Bash development is that there are dark corners in the Bourne Shell, and people use all of them. In the original description of the Bourne shell, quoting and the shell grammar are both poorly specified and incomplete; subsequent descriptions have not helped much. The grammar presented in Bourne's paper describing the shell distributed with the Seventh Edition of \s-1UNIX\s+1\(dg is so far off that it does not allow the command \f(CWwho|wc\fP. In fact, as Tom Duff states: .QP Nobody really knows what the Bourne shell's grammar is. Even examination of the source code is little help.\(dd .FS \(dgS. R. Bourne, \*QUNIX Time-Sharing System: The UNIX Shell\*U, \fIBell System Technical Journal\fP, 57(6), July-August, 1978, pp. 1971-1990. .FE .FS \(ddTom Duff, \*QRc \- A Shell for Plan 9 and \s-1UNIX\s+1 systems\*U, \fIProc. of the Summer 1990 EUUG Conference\fP, London, July, 1990, pp. 21-33. .FE .LP The POSIX.2 standard includes a \fIyacc\fP grammar that comes close to capturing the Bourne shell's behavior, but it disallows some constructs which sh accepts without complaint \- and there are scripts out there that use them. It took a few versions and several bug reports before Bash implemented sh-compatible quoting, and there are still some \*Qlegal\*U sh constructs which Bash flags as syntax errors. Complete sh compatibility is a tough nut. .PP The shell is bigger and slower than I would like, though the current version is substantially faster than previously. The readline library could stand a substantial rewrite. A hand-written parser to replace the current \fIyacc\fP-generated one would probably result in a speedup, and would solve one glaring problem: the shell could parse commands in \*Q$(...)\*U constructs as they are entered, rather than reporting errors when the construct is expanded. .PP As always, there is some chaff to go with the wheat. Areas of duplicated functionality need to be cleaned up. There are several cases where Bash treats a variable specially to enable functionality available another way (\fB$notify\fP vs. \fBset -o notify\fP and \fB$nolinks\fP vs. \fBset -o physical\fP, for instance); the special treatment of the variable name should probably be removed. A few more things could stand removal; the .B $allow_null_glob_expansion and .B $glob_dot_filenames variables are of particularly questionable value. The \fB$[...]\fP arithmetic evaluation syntax is redundant now that the POSIX-mandated \fB$((...))\fP construct has been implemented, and could be deleted. It would be nice if the text output by the .B help builtin were external to the shell rather than compiled into it. The behavior enabled by .B $command_oriented_history , which causes the shell to attempt to save all lines of a multi-line command in a single history entry, should be made the default and the variable removed. .NH 1 Availability .PP As with all other GNU software, Bash is available for anonymous FTP from .I prep.ai.mit.edu:/pub/gnu and from other GNU software mirror sites. The current version is in .I bash-1.14.1.tar.gz in that directory. Use .I archie to find the nearest archive site. The latest version is always available for FTP from .I bash.CWRU.Edu:/pub/dist. Bash documentation is available for FTP from .I bash.CWRU.Edu:/pub/bash. .PP The Free Software Foundation sells tapes and CD-ROMs containing Bash; send electronic mail to \f(CRgnu@prep.ai.mit.edu\fP or call \f(CR+1-617-876-3296\fP for more information. .PP Bash is also distributed with several versions of \s-1UNIX\s+1-compatible systems. It is included as /bin/sh and /bin/bash on several Linux distributions (more about the difference in a moment), and as contributed software in BSDI's BSD/386* and FreeBSD. .FS *BSD/386 is a trademark of Berkeley Software Design, Inc. .FE .PP The Linux distribution deserves special mention. There are two configurations included in the standard Bash distribution: a \*Qnormal\*U configuration, in which all of the standard features are included, and a \*Qminimal\*U configuration, which omits job control, aliases, history and command line editing, the directory stack and .B pushd/popd/dirs, process substitution, prompt string special character decoding, and the .I select construct. This minimal version is designed to be a drop-in replacement for the traditional \s-1UNIX\s+1 /bin/sh, and is included as the Linux /bin/sh in several packagings. .NH 1 Conclusion .PP Bash is a worthy successor to sh. It is sufficiently portable to run on nearly every version of \s-1UNIX\s+1 from 4.3 BSD to SVR4.2, and several \s-1UNIX\s+1 workalikes. It is robust enough to replace sh on most of those systems, and provides more functionality. It has several thousand regular users, and their feedback has helped to make it as good as it is today \- a testament to the benefits of free software. bash-1.14.3/documentation/article.ps 664 436 0 250337 5612567257 15604 0ustar chetwheel%!PS-Adobe-3.0 %%Creator: groff version 1.08 %%DocumentNeededResources: font Times-Bold %%+ font Times-Italic %%+ font Times-Roman %%+ font Courier %%DocumentSuppliedResources: procset grops 1.08 0 %%Pages: 11 %%PageOrder: Ascend %%Orientation: Portrait %%EndComments %%BeginProlog %%BeginResource: procset grops 1.08 0 /setpacking where{ pop currentpacking true setpacking }if /grops 120 dict dup begin /SC 32 def /A/show load def /B{0 SC 3 -1 roll widthshow}bind def /C{0 exch ashow}bind def /D{0 exch 0 SC 5 2 roll awidthshow}bind def /E{0 rmoveto show}bind def /F{0 rmoveto 0 SC 3 -1 roll widthshow}bind def /G{0 rmoveto 0 exch ashow}bind def /H{0 rmoveto 0 exch 0 SC 5 2 roll awidthshow}bind def /I{0 exch rmoveto show}bind def /J{0 exch rmoveto 0 SC 3 -1 roll widthshow}bind def /K{0 exch rmoveto 0 exch ashow}bind def /L{0 exch rmoveto 0 exch 0 SC 5 2 roll awidthshow}bind def /M{rmoveto show}bind def /N{rmoveto 0 SC 3 -1 roll widthshow}bind def /O{rmoveto 0 exch ashow}bind def /P{rmoveto 0 exch 0 SC 5 2 roll awidthshow}bind def /Q{moveto show}bind def /R{moveto 0 SC 3 -1 roll widthshow}bind def /S{moveto 0 exch ashow}bind def /T{moveto 0 exch 0 SC 5 2 roll awidthshow}bind def /SF{ findfont exch [exch dup 0 exch 0 exch neg 0 0]makefont dup setfont [exch/setfont cvx]cvx bind def }bind def /MF{ findfont [5 2 roll 0 3 1 roll neg 0 0]makefont dup setfont [exch/setfont cvx]cvx bind def }bind def /level0 0 def /RES 0 def /PL 0 def /LS 0 def /PLG{ gsave newpath clippath pathbbox grestore exch pop add exch pop }bind def /BP{ /level0 save def 1 setlinecap 1 setlinejoin 72 RES div dup scale LS{ 90 rotate }{ 0 PL translate }ifelse 1 -1 scale }bind def /EP{ level0 restore showpage }bind def /DA{ newpath arcn stroke }bind def /SN{ transform .25 sub exch .25 sub exch round .25 add exch round .25 add exch itransform }bind def /DL{ SN moveto SN lineto stroke }bind def /DC{ newpath 0 360 arc closepath }bind def /TM matrix def /DE{ TM currentmatrix pop translate scale newpath 0 0 .5 0 360 arc closepath TM setmatrix }bind def /RC/rcurveto load def /RL/rlineto load def /ST/stroke load def /MT/moveto load def /CL/closepath load def /FL{ currentgray exch setgray fill setgray }bind def /BL/fill load def /LW/setlinewidth load def /RE{ findfont dup maxlength 1 index/FontName known not{1 add}if dict begin { 1 index/FID ne{def}{pop pop}ifelse }forall /Encoding exch def dup/FontName exch def currentdict end definefont pop }bind def /DEFS 0 def /EBEGIN{ moveto DEFS begin }bind def /EEND/end load def /CNT 0 def /level1 0 def /PBEGIN{ /level1 save def translate div 3 1 roll div exch scale neg exch neg exch translate 0 setgray 0 setlinecap 1 setlinewidth 0 setlinejoin 10 setmiterlimit []0 setdash /setstrokeadjust where{ pop false setstrokeadjust }if /setoverprint where{ pop false setoverprint }if newpath /CNT countdictstack def userdict begin /showpage{}def }bind def /PEND{ clear countdictstack CNT sub{end}repeat level1 restore }bind def end def /setpacking where{ pop setpacking }if %%EndResource %%IncludeResource: font Times-Bold %%IncludeResource: font Times-Italic %%IncludeResource: font Times-Roman %%IncludeResource: font Courier grops begin/DEFS 1 dict def DEFS begin/u{.001 mul}bind def end/RES 72 def/PL 792 def/LS false def/ENC0[/asciicircum/asciitilde/Scaron/Zcaron/scaron/zcaron /Ydieresis/trademark/quotesingle/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef /.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef /.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/space /exclam/quotedbl/numbersign/dollar/percent/ampersand/quoteright/parenleft /parenright/asterisk/plus/comma/hyphen/period/slash/zero/one/two/three/four /five/six/seven/eight/nine/colon/semicolon/less/equal/greater/question/at/A/B/C /D/E/F/G/H/I/J/K/L/M/N/O/P/Q/R/S/T/U/V/W/X/Y/Z/bracketleft/backslash /bracketright/circumflex/underscore/quoteleft/a/b/c/d/e/f/g/h/i/j/k/l/m/n/o/p/q /r/s/t/u/v/w/x/y/z/braceleft/bar/braceright/tilde/.notdef/quotesinglbase /guillemotleft/guillemotright/bullet/florin/fraction/perthousand/dagger /daggerdbl/endash/emdash/ff/fi/fl/ffi/ffl/dotlessi/dotlessj/grave/hungarumlaut /dotaccent/breve/caron/ring/ogonek/quotedblleft/quotedblright/oe/lslash /quotedblbase/OE/Lslash/.notdef/exclamdown/cent/sterling/currency/yen/brokenbar /section/dieresis/copyright/ordfeminine/guilsinglleft/logicalnot/minus /registered/macron/degree/plusminus/twosuperior/threesuperior/acute/mu /paragraph/periodcentered/cedilla/onesuperior/ordmasculine/guilsinglright /onequarter/onehalf/threequarters/questiondown/Agrave/Aacute/Acircumflex/Atilde /Adieresis/Aring/AE/Ccedilla/Egrave/Eacute/Ecircumflex/Edieresis/Igrave/Iacute /Icircumflex/Idieresis/Eth/Ntilde/Ograve/Oacute/Ocircumflex/Otilde/Odieresis /multiply/Oslash/Ugrave/Uacute/Ucircumflex/Udieresis/Yacute/Thorn/germandbls /agrave/aacute/acircumflex/atilde/adieresis/aring/ae/ccedilla/egrave/eacute /ecircumflex/edieresis/igrave/iacute/icircumflex/idieresis/eth/ntilde/ograve /oacute/ocircumflex/otilde/odieresis/divide/oslash/ugrave/uacute/ucircumflex /udieresis/yacute/thorn/ydieresis]def/Courier@0 ENC0/Courier RE/Times-Roman@0 ENC0/Times-Roman RE/Times-Italic@0 ENC0/Times-Italic RE/Times-Bold@0 ENC0 /Times-Bold RE %%EndProlog %%Page: 1 1 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 12/Times-Bold@0 SF(Bash \255 The GNU shell*)227.904 120 Q/F1 10 /Times-Italic@0 SF(Chet Rame)263.85 144 Q(y)-.3 E(Case W)221.72 156 Q (estern Reserve Univer)-.92 E(sity)-.1 E -.15(ch)250.425 168 S(et@po.cwru.edu) .15 E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF 2.5(1. Intr)72 234 R(oduction)-.18 E(Bash)97 249.6 Q/F3 10/Times-Roman@0 SF .904(is the shell, or command language interpreter) 3.404 F 3.404(,t)-.4 G .904(hat will appear in the GNU operating system.) 316.032 249.6 R .91(The name is an acron)72 261.6 R .91(ym for the `)-.15 F (`Bourne-Ag)-.74 E .91(ain SHell')-.05 F .911(', a pun on Ste)-.74 F 1.211 -.15 (ve B)-.25 H .911(ourne, the author of the direct).15 F .212 (ancestor of the current)72 273.6 R/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(UNIX)2.712 E F3 2.712 <8773>C(hell)199.131 273.6 Q F1(/bin/sh)2.712 E F3 2.712(,w)C .212 (hich appeared in the Se)256.505 273.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G .211 (nth Edition Bell Labs Research v).15 F(er)-.15 E(-)-.2 E(sion of)72 285.6 Q F4 (UNIX)2.5 E F3(.)A .387(Bash is an)97 301.2 R F2(sh)2.887 E F3 .387 (\255compatible shell that incorporates useful features from the K)B .388 (orn shell \()-.35 F F2(ksh)A F3 2.888(\)a)C .388(nd the C)469.334 301.2 R .023 (shell \()72 313.2 R F2(csh)A F3 .023(\), described later in this article.)B .022(It is ultimately intended to be a conformant implementation of the)5.022 F 3.568(IEEE POSIX Shell and Utilities speci\214cation \(IEEE W)72 325.2 R 3.568 (orking Group 1003.2\).)-.8 F 3.569(It of)8.569 F 3.569(fers functional)-.25 F (impro)72 337.2 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G(ments o).15 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(rs).15 G 2.5 (hf)155.28 337.2 S(or both interacti)166.11 337.2 Q .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H (nd programming use.).15 E .697(While the GNU operating system will most lik)97 352.8 R .697(ely include a v)-.1 F .697(ersion of the Berk)-.15 F(ele)-.1 E 3.197(ys)-.15 G .696(hell csh, Bash)446.778 352.8 R .015(will be the def)72 364.8 R .015(ault shell.)-.1 F(Lik)5.015 E 2.515(eo)-.1 G .015(ther GNU softw) 199.1 364.8 R .016(are, Bash is quite portable.)-.1 F .016 (It currently runs on nearly e)5.016 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(ry).15 E -.15(ve)72 376.8 S .367(rsion of).15 F F4(UNIX)2.867 E F3 .367(and a fe)2.867 F 2.867(wo)-.25 G .367(ther operating systems \255 an independently-supported port e)187.933 376.8 R .366(xists for OS/2, and)-.15 F .706 (there are rumors of ports to DOS and W)72 388.8 R(indo)-.4 E .706(ws NT)-.25 F 5.706(.P)-.74 G .706(orts to)295.97 388.8 R F4(UNIX)3.206 E F3(-lik)A 3.206(es) -.1 G .706(ystems such as QNX and Minix)372.979 388.8 R (are part of the distrib)72 400.8 Q(ution.)-.2 E .405 (The original author of Bash w)97 416.4 R .405(as Brian F)-.1 F .405 (ox, an emplo)-.15 F .405(yee of the Free Softw)-.1 F .405(are F)-.1 F 2.905 (oundation. The)-.15 F(cur)2.905 E(-)-.2 E(rent de)72 428.4 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G (loper and maintainer is Chet Rame).15 E 1.3 -.65(y, a v)-.15 H(olunteer who w) .45 E(orks at Case W)-.1 E(estern Reserv)-.8 E 2.5(eU)-.15 G(ni)458.91 428.4 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(rsity).15 E(.)-.65 E F2 2.5(2. What')72 452.4 R 2.5(sP)-.37 G (OSIX, anyway?)123.85 452.4 Q F1(POSIX)97 468 Q F3 .239 (is a name originally coined by Richard Stallman for a f)4.405 F .239 (amily of open system standards based)-.1 F(on)72 480 Q F4(UNIX)3.24 E F3 5.74 (.T)C .74(here are a number of aspects of)122.081 480 R F4(UNIX)3.24 E F3 .74 (under consideration for standardization, from the basic)3.24 F .192 (system services at the system call and C library le)72 492 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.692(lt).15 G 2.692(oa)290.156 492 S .192 (pplications and tools to system administration and)302.288 492 R 2.5 (management. Each)72 504 R(area of standardization is assigned to a w)2.5 E (orking group in the 1003 series.)-.1 E 2.814 (The POSIX Shell and Utilities standard has been de)97 519.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.814(loped by IEEE W).15 F 2.813(orking Group 1003.2)-.8 F .254 (\(POSIX.2\).\210 It concentrates on the command interpreter interf)72 531.6 R .253(ace and utility programs commonly e)-.1 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E 1.112 (from the command line or by other programs.)72 543.6 R 1.112(An initial v) 6.112 F 1.113(ersion of the standard has been appro)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.613 (da).15 G(nd)494 543.6 Q .365(published by the IEEE, and w)72 555.6 R .365 (ork is currently underw)-.1 F .365(ay to update it.)-.1 F .365 (There are four primary areas of w)5.365 F(ork)-.1 E(in the 1003.2 standard:)72 567.6 Q 21.5<8341>72 583.2 S .835(spects of the shell')104.22 583.2 R 3.335(ss) -.55 G .835(yntax and command language.)192 583.2 R 3.335(An)5.835 G .835 (umber of special b)338.095 583.2 R .835(uiltins such as)-.2 F F2(cd)3.335 E F3 (and)3.335 E F2(exec)97 595.2 Q F3 .545(are being speci\214ed as part of the s\ hell, since their functionality usually cannot be implemented)3.046 F (by a separate e)97 607.2 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cutable;).15 E 21.5<8341>72 622.8 S .73(set of utilities to be called by shell scripts and applications.)107.45 622.8 R .731(Examples are programs lik)5.731 F(e)-.1 E F1 2.397(sed, tr)3.231 F (,)-1.11 E F3(and)97 634.8 Q F1(awk.)2.853 E F3 .352 (Utilities commonly implemented as shell b)4.519 F .352 (uiltins are described in this section, such as)-.2 F F2(test)2.852 E F3(and)97 646.8 Q F2(kill)3.422 E F3 5.922(.A)C 3.422(ne)144.404 646.8 S .922 (xpansion of this section')157.116 646.8 R 3.423(ss)-.55 G .923 (cope, termed the User Portability Extension, or UPE, has)268.586 646.8 R (standardized interacti)97 658.8 Q .3 -.15(ve p)-.25 H(rograms such as).15 E F1 (vi)2.5 E F3(and)4.166 E F1(mailx;)2.5 E .32 LW 76 668.8 72 668.8 DL 80 668.8 76 668.8 DL 84 668.8 80 668.8 DL 88 668.8 84 668.8 DL 92 668.8 88 668.8 DL 96 668.8 92 668.8 DL 100 668.8 96 668.8 DL 104 668.8 100 668.8 DL 108 668.8 104 668.8 DL 112 668.8 108 668.8 DL 116 668.8 112 668.8 DL 120 668.8 116 668.8 DL 124 668.8 120 668.8 DL 128 668.8 124 668.8 DL 132 668.8 128 668.8 DL 136 668.8 132 668.8 DL 140 668.8 136 668.8 DL 144 668.8 140 668.8 DL/F5 8/Times-Roman@0 SF(*An earlier v)72 678.8 Q (ersion of this article appeared in The Linux Journal.)-.12 E<87>72 688.8 Q/F6 7/Times-Roman@0 SF(UNIX)2 E F5(is a trademark of Bell Laboratories.)2 E (\210IEEE,)72 698.8 Q/F7 8/Times-Italic@0 SF .042(IEEE Standar)2.042 F 2.042 (df)-.296 G .042(or Information T)150.046 698.8 R(ec)-.736 E(hnolo)-.12 E .042 (gy -- P)-.08 F .042(ortable Oper)-.64 F .042 (ating System Interface \(POSIX\) P)-.12 F .042(art 2: Shell and Utili-)-.64 F (ties)72 708.8 Q F5 2(,1)C(992.)91.112 708.8 Q EP %%Page: 2 2 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF 2.5(-2-)279.67 48 S 21.5<8341>72 84 S .288 (group of functional interf)107.008 84 R .287(aces to services pro)-.1 F .287 (vided by the shell, such as the traditional)-.15 F/F1 10/Courier@0 SF (system\(\))2.787 E F0 3.289(Cl)97 96 S .789(ibrary function.)109.739 96 R .789 (There are functions to perform shell w)5.789 F .789(ord e)-.1 F .79 (xpansions, perform \214lename e)-.15 F(xpan-)-.15 E .324(sion \()97 108 R/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(globbing)A F0 .324(\), obtain v)B .323 (alues of POSIX.2 system con\214guration v)-.25 F .323(ariables, retrie)-.25 F .623 -.15(ve v)-.25 H .323(alues of en)-.1 F(viron-)-.4 E(ment v)97 120 Q (ariables \()-.25 E F1(getenv\(\))A F0(\), and other services;).833 E 21.5 <8341>72 135.6 S(suite of `)106.72 135.6 Q(`de)-.74 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(lopment') .15 E 2.5('u)-.74 G(tilities such as)209.54 135.6 Q F2(c89)2.5 E F0 (\(the POSIX.2 v)4.166 E(ersion of)-.15 E F2(cc)2.5 E F0(\), and)A F2(yacc.)2.5 E F0 .483(Bash is concerned with the aspects of the shell')97 151.2 R 2.983(sb) -.55 G(eha)301.597 151.2 Q .484(vior de\214ned by POSIX.2.)-.2 F .484 (The shell command)5.484 F 1.439 (language has of course been standardized, including the basic \215o)72 163.2 R 3.938(wc)-.25 G 1.438(ontrol and program e)359.688 163.2 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.438 (cution con-).15 F 1.145(structs, I/O redirection and pipelining, ar)72 175.2 R 1.145(gument handling, v)-.18 F 1.145(ariable e)-.25 F 1.146 (xpansion, and quoting.)-.15 F(The)6.146 E F2(special)3.646 E F0 -.2(bu)72 187.2 S .676(iltins, which must be implemented as part of the shell to pro).2 F .676(vide the desired functionality)-.15 F 3.176(,a)-.65 G .676(re speci\214ed) 457.504 187.2 R .7(as being part of the shell; e)72 199.2 R .7 (xamples of these are)-.15 F/F3 10/Times-Bold@0 SF -2.3 -.15(ev a)3.201 H(l).15 E F0(and)3.201 E F3(export)3.201 E F0 5.701(.O)C .701 (ther utilities appear in the sections of)352.034 199.2 R .256(POSIX.2 not de) 72 211.2 R -.2(vo)-.25 G .256(ted to the shell which are commonly \(and in som\ e cases must be\) implemented as b).2 F(uiltin)-.2 E .213(commands, such as)72 223.2 R F3 -.18(re)2.713 G(ad).18 E F0(and)2.713 E F3(test)2.713 E F0 5.213(.P) C .213(OSIX.2 also speci\214es aspects of the shell')220.018 223.2 R 2.713(si) -.55 G(nteracti)398.159 223.2 Q .513 -.15(ve b)-.25 H(eha).15 E .214 (vior as part)-.2 F .598 (of the UPE, including job control and command line editing.)72 235.2 R .598 (Interestingly enough, only)5.598 F F2(vi)3.098 E F0 .598(-style line edit-)B (ing commands ha)72 247.2 Q .3 -.15(ve b)-.2 H(een standardized;).15 E F2 (emacs)2.5 E F0(editing commands were left out due to objections.)2.5 E 1.128 (While POSIX.2 includes much of what the shell has traditionally pro)97 262.8 R 1.129(vided, some important things)-.15 F(ha)72 274.8 Q .58 -.15(ve b)-.2 H .28 (een omitted as being `).15 F(`be)-.74 E .28(yond its scope.)-.15 F 4.26 -.74 ('' T)-.7 H .28(here is, for instance, no mention of a dif).74 F .28 (ference between)-.25 F(a)72 286.8 Q F2(lo)3.354 E(gin)-.1 E F0 .854 (shell and an)5.02 F 3.354(yo)-.15 G .854(ther interacti)167.956 286.8 R 1.154 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .854(hell \(since POSIX.2 does not specify a login program\).) .15 F .855(No \214x)5.855 F(ed)-.15 E (startup \214les are de\214ned, either \255 the standard does not mention)72 298.8 Q F2(.pr)2.5 E(o\214le)-.45 E F0(.)1.666 E F3 2.5(3. Basic)72 322.8 R (Bash featur)2.5 E(es)-.18 E F0 1.448(Since the Bourne shell pro)97 338.4 R 1.448(vides Bash with most of its philosophical underpinnings, Bash inherits) -.15 F .64(most of its features and functionality from sh.)72 350.4 R .641 (Bash implements all of the traditional sh \215o)5.641 F 3.141(wc)-.25 G .641 (ontrol con-)459.199 350.4 R .8(structs \()72 362.4 R F2(for)A F0(,)A F2(if)3.3 E F0(,)A F2(while)3.3 E F0 3.3(,e)C 3.3(tc.\). All)165.48 362.4 R .799 (of the Bourne shell b)3.3 F .799 (uiltins, including those not speci\214ed in the POSIX.2)-.2 F .536 (standard, appear in Bash.)72 374.4 R(Shell)5.536 E F2(functions)3.036 E F0 3.036(,i)C .536(ntroduced in the SVR2 v)248.536 374.4 R .537 (ersion of the Bourne shell, are similar)-.15 F .779(to shell scripts, b)72 386.4 R .779(ut are de\214ned using a special syntax and are e)-.2 F -.15(xe) -.15 G .779(cuted in the same process as the calling).15 F 2.841(shell. Bash)72 398.4 R .341(has shell functions which beha)2.841 F .641 -.15(ve i)-.2 H 2.841 (naf).15 G .341(ashion upw)278.759 398.4 R .342 (ard-compatible with sh functions.)-.1 F .342(There are)5.342 F 1.447 (certain shell v)72 410.4 R 1.446(ariables that Bash interprets in the same w) -.25 F 1.446(ay as sh, such as)-.1 F F3(PS1)3.946 E F0(,)A F3(IFS)3.946 E F0 3.946(,a)C(nd)435.018 410.4 Q F3 -.74(PA)3.946 G(TH)-.21 E F0 6.446(.B)C(ash) 490.67 410.4 Q 1.423(implements essentially the same grammar)72 422.4 R 3.924 (,p)-.4 G 1.424(arameter and v)256.476 422.4 R 1.424(ariable e)-.25 F 1.424 (xpansion semantics, redirection, and)-.15 F 1.06(quoting as the Bourne shell.) 72 434.4 R 1.06(Where dif)6.06 F 1.06 (ferences appear between the POSIX.2 standard and traditional sh)-.25 F(beha)72 446.4 Q(vior)-.2 E 2.5(,B)-.4 G(ash follo)118.06 446.4 Q(ws POSIX.)-.25 E 1.608 (The K)97 462 R 1.608(orn Shell \()-.35 F F3(ksh)A F0 4.108(\)i)C 4.108(sad) 194.192 462 S 1.608(escendent of the Bourne shell written at A)215.738 462 R 1.609(T&T Bell Laboratories by)-1.11 F(Da)72 474 Q 1.059(vid K)-.2 F 3.559 (orn\207. It)-.35 F(pro)3.559 E 1.059 (vides a number of useful features that POSIX and Bash ha)-.15 F 1.359 -.15 (ve a)-.2 H 3.558(dopted. Man).15 F 3.558(yo)-.15 G 3.558(ft)484.892 474 S(he) 494.56 474 Q(interacti)72 486 Q 1.312 -.15(ve f)-.25 H 1.012 (acilities in POSIX.2 ha).05 F 1.312 -.15(ve t)-.2 H 1.012 (heir roots in the ksh: for e).15 F 1.013 (xample, the POSIX and ksh job control)-.15 F -.1(fa)72 498 S .513 (cilities are nearly identical. Bash includes features from the K).1 F .513 (orn Shell for both interacti)-.35 F .813 -.15(ve u)-.25 H .513(se and shell) .15 F 3.905(programming. F)72 510 R 1.405(or programming, Bash pro)-.15 F 1.405 (vides v)-.15 F 1.405(ariables such as)-.25 F F3(RANDOM)3.905 E F0(and)3.905 E F3(REPL)3.905 E(Y)-.92 E F0 3.905(,t)C(he)460.665 510 Q F3(typeset)3.905 E F0 -.2(bu)72 522 S .398(iltin, the ability to remo).2 F .698 -.15(ve s)-.15 H .398 (ubstrings from v).15 F .398(ariables based on patterns, and shell arithmetic.) -.25 F F3(RANDOM)5.397 E F0 -.15(ex)72 534 S .489 (pands to a random number each time it is referenced; assigning a v).15 F .49 (alue to)-.25 F F3(RANDOM)2.99 E F0 .49(seeds the random)2.99 F .055 (number generator)72 546 R(.)-.55 E F3(REPL)5.055 E(Y)-.92 E F0 .054 (is the def)2.554 F .054(ault v)-.1 F .054(ariable used by the)-.25 F F3 -.18 (re)2.554 G(ad).18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.554 G .054(iltin when no v).2 F .054 (ariable names are sup-)-.25 F .742(plied as ar)72 558 R 3.243(guments. The) -.18 F F3(typeset)3.243 E F0 -.2(bu)3.243 G .743(iltin is used to de\214ne v).2 F .743(ariables and gi)-.25 F 1.043 -.15(ve t)-.25 H .743(hem attrib).15 F .743 (utes such as)-.2 F F3 -.18(re)3.243 G(ad-).18 E(only)72 570 Q F0 5.512(.B)C .512(ash arithmetic allo)105.022 570 R .512(ws the e)-.25 F -.25(va)-.25 G .511 (luation of an e).25 F .511(xpression and the substitution of the result.)-.15 F .511(Shell v)5.511 F(ari-)-.25 E .222 (ables may be used as operands, and the result of an e)72 582 R .222 (xpression may be assigned to a v)-.15 F 2.722(ariable. Nearly)-.25 F .222 (all of)2.722 F(the operators from the C language are a)72 594 Q -.25(va)-.2 G (ilable, with the same precedence rules:).25 E F1 6($e)97 612 S (cho $\(\(3 + 5 * 32\)\))115 612 Q(163)97 624 Q F0 -.15(Fo)72 645.6 S 3.24(ri) .15 G(nteracti)91.76 645.6 Q 1.04 -.15(ve u)-.25 H .74 (se, Bash implements ksh-style aliases and b).15 F .74(uiltins such as)-.2 F F3 (fc)3.24 E F0 .74(\(discussed belo)3.24 F .74(w\) and)-.25 F F3(jobs)3.24 E F0 (.)A .291(Bash aliases allo)72 657.6 R 2.791(was)-.25 G .291 (tring to be substituted for a command name.)160.124 657.6 R(The)5.291 E 2.791 (yc)-.15 G .291(an be used to create a mnemonic)371.733 657.6 R .568(for a)72 669.6 R/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(UNIX)3.068 E F0 .568(command name \()3.068 F F1 .568(alias del=rm)B F0 .568(\), to e)B .567(xpand a single w)-.15 F .567 (ord to a comple)-.1 F 3.067(xc)-.15 G .567(ommand \()432.603 669.6 R F1(alias) A .255(news='xterm -g 80x45 -title trn -e trn -e -S1 -N &')72 681.6 R F0 .255 (\), or to ensure that a command)B(is in)72 693.6 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.5(dw).1 G(ith a basic set of options \()122.41 693.6 Q F1 (alias ls="/bin/ls -F")A F0(\).)A .32 LW 76 703.6 72 703.6 DL 80 703.6 76 703.6 DL 84 703.6 80 703.6 DL 88 703.6 84 703.6 DL 92 703.6 88 703.6 DL 96 703.6 92 703.6 DL 100 703.6 96 703.6 DL 104 703.6 100 703.6 DL 108 703.6 104 703.6 DL 112 703.6 108 703.6 DL 116 703.6 112 703.6 DL 120 703.6 116 703.6 DL 124 703.6 120 703.6 DL 128 703.6 124 703.6 DL 132 703.6 128 703.6 DL 136 703.6 132 703.6 DL 140 703.6 136 703.6 DL 144 703.6 140 703.6 DL/F5 8/Times-Roman@0 SF (\207Morris Bolsk)72 713.6 Q 2(ya)-.12 G(nd Da)127.88 713.6 Q(vid K)-.16 E (orn,)-.28 E/F6 8/Times-Italic@0 SF(The K)2 E(ornShell Command and Pr)-.32 E -.08(og)-.36 G -.12(ra).08 G(mming Langua).12 E -.08(ge)-.08 G F5 2(,P).08 G (rentice Hall, 1989.)363.064 713.6 Q EP %%Page: 3 3 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF 2.5(-3-)279.67 48 S .293(The C shell \()97 84 R/F1 10 /Times-Bold@0 SF(csh)A F0 .293(\)\207, originally written by Bill Jo)B 2.792 (yw)-.1 G .292(hile at Berk)304.534 84 R(ele)-.1 E 1.592 -.65(y, i)-.15 H 2.792 (sw).65 G .292(idely used and quite popular)389.512 84 R 1.252 (for its interacti)72 96 R 1.552 -.15(ve f)-.25 H 3.752(acilities. Bash).05 F 1.253(includes a csh-compatible history e)3.752 F 1.253(xpansion mechanism \(`) -.15 F 1.253(`! history')-.74 F('\),)-.74 E .019(brace e)72 108 R .018 (xpansion, access to a stack of directories via the)-.15 F F1(pushd)2.518 E F0 (,)A F1(popd)2.518 E F0 2.518(,a)C(nd)357.31 108 Q F1(dirs)2.518 E F0 -.2(bu) 2.518 G .018(iltins, and tilde e).2 F(xpansion,)-.15 E 1.293 (to generate users' home directories.)72 120 R -.35(Ti)6.294 G 1.294(lde e).35 F 1.294(xpansion has also been adopted by both the K)-.15 F 1.294 (orn Shell and)-.35 F(POSIX.2.)72 132 Q .148 (There were certain areas in which POSIX.2 felt standardization w)97 147.6 R .149(as necessary)-.1 F 2.649(,b)-.65 G .149(ut no e)420.643 147.6 R .149 (xisting imple-)-.15 F 1.598(mentation pro)72 159.6 R 1.598 (vided the proper beha)-.15 F(vior)-.2 E 6.598(.T)-.55 G 1.598(he w)251.56 159.6 R 1.597(orking group in)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.4 G 1.597 (nted and standardized functionality in).15 F .674 (these areas, which Bash implements.)72 171.6 R(The)5.674 E F1(command)3.174 E F0 -.2(bu)3.174 G .674(iltin w).2 F .674(as in)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.4 G .674 (nted so that shell functions could be).15 F .996(written to replace b)72 183.6 R .996(uiltins; it mak)-.2 F .996(es the capabilities of the b)-.1 F .995 (uiltin a)-.2 F -.25(va)-.2 G .995(ilable to the function.).25 F .995 (The reserv)5.995 F(ed)-.15 E -.1(wo)72 195.6 S 1.566(rd `).1 F(`!')-.74 E 4.066('w)-.74 G 1.566(as added to ne)122.872 195.6 R -.05(ga)-.15 G 1.567 (te the return v).05 F 1.567(alue of a command or pipeline; it w)-.25 F 1.567 (as nearly impossible to)-.1 F -.15(ex)72 207.6 S .089(press `).15 F .089 (`if not x')-.74 F 2.589('c)-.74 G .089(leanly using the sh language.)152.366 207.6 R .089(There e)5.089 F .088 (xist multiple incompatible implementations of the)-.15 F F1(test)72 219.6 Q F0 -.2(bu)3.163 G .663(iltin, which tests \214les for type and other attrib).2 F .664(utes and performs arithmetic and string comparisons.)-.2 F .5 (POSIX considered none of these correct, so the standard beha)72 231.6 R .5 (vior w)-.2 F .5(as speci\214ed in terms of the number of)-.1 F(ar)72 243.6 Q .412(guments to the command.)-.18 F .412(POSIX.2 dictates e)5.412 F .412 (xactly what will happen when four or fe)-.15 F .412(wer ar)-.25 F .412 (guments are)-.18 F(gi)72 255.6 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 5.01(nt).15 G(o)101.61 255.6 Q F1(test)5.01 E F0 5.01(,a)C 2.51(nd lea)138.56 255.6 R -.15(ve)-.2 G 5.01(st) .15 G 2.51(he beha)186 255.6 R 2.51(vior unde\214ned when more ar)-.2 F 2.51 (guments are supplied.)-.18 F 2.51(Bash uses the)7.51 F (POSIX.2 algorithm, which w)72 267.6 Q(as concei)-.1 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(db) .15 G 2.5(yD)247.31 267.6 S -.2(av)262.03 267.6 S(id K).2 E(orn.)-.35 E F1 2.5 (3.1. F)72 291.6 R(eatur)-.25 E(es not in the Bour)-.18 E(ne Shell)-.15 E F0 .718(There are a number of minor dif)97 307.2 R .719 (ferences between Bash and the v)-.25 F .719 (ersion of sh present on most other)-.15 F -.15(ve)72 319.2 S .874(rsions of) .15 F/F2 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(UNIX)3.374 E F0 5.873(.T)C .873 (he majority of these are due to the POSIX standard, b)157.232 319.2 R .873 (ut some are the result of Bash)-.2 F .188 (adopting features from other shells.)72 331.2 R -.15(Fo)5.188 G 2.689(ri).15 G .189(nstance, Bash includes the ne)239.069 331.2 R 2.689(w`)-.25 G(`!')369.554 331.2 Q 2.689('r)-.74 G(eserv)388.153 331.2 Q .189(ed w)-.15 F .189(ord, the) -.1 F F1(command)2.689 E F0 -.2(bu)72 343.2 S .116(iltin, the ability of the).2 F F1 -.18(re)2.616 G(ad).18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.615 G .115 (iltin to correctly return a line ending with a backslash, symbolic ar).2 F (guments)-.18 E .798(to the)72 355.2 R F1(umask)3.298 E F0 -.2(bu)3.298 G .798 (iltin, v).2 F .798(ariable substring remo)-.25 F -.25(va)-.15 G .798(l, a w) .25 F .799(ay to get the length of a v)-.1 F .799(ariable, and the ne)-.25 F 3.299(wa)-.25 G(lgo-)487.89 355.2 Q(rithm for the)72 367.2 Q F1(test)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin from the POSIX.2 standard, none of which appear in sh.).2 E .998(Bash also implements the `)97 382.8 R(`$\(...\)')-.74 E 3.498('c)-.74 G .998(ommand substitution syntax, which supersedes the sh `...` con-)244.93 382.8 R 2.654(struct. The)72 394.8 R -.74(``)2.654 G($\(...\)').74 E 2.654('c) -.74 G .154(onstruct e)158.172 394.8 R .154 (xpands to the output of the command contained within the parentheses, with) -.15 F .467(trailing ne)72 406.8 R .467(wlines remo)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.967 (d. The).15 F .467(sh syntax is accepted for backw)2.967 F .467 (ards compatibility)-.1 F 2.966(,b)-.65 G .466(ut the `)415.026 406.8 R (`$\(...\)')-.74 E 2.966('f)-.74 G .466(orm is)478.254 406.8 R(preferred becau\ se its quoting rules are much simpler and it is easier to nest.)72 418.8 Q .772 (The Bourne shell does not pro)97 434.4 R .772(vide such features as brace e) -.15 F .772(xpansion, the ability to de\214ne a v)-.15 F(ariable)-.25 E .283 (and a function with the same name, local v)72 446.4 R .282 (ariables in shell functions, the ability to enable and disable indi-)-.25 F .547(vidual b)72 458.4 R .547(uiltins or write a function to replace a b)-.2 F .547(uiltin, or a means to e)-.2 F .547(xport a shell function to a child pro-) -.15 F(cess.)72 470.4 Q .32 (Bash has closed a long-standing shell security hole by not using the)97 486 R F1($IFS)2.82 E F0 -.25(va)2.82 G .32(riable to split each w).25 F(ord)-.1 E 1.254(read by the shell, b)72 498 R 1.254(ut splitting only the results of e) -.2 F 1.255(xpansion \(ksh and the 4.4 BSD sh ha)-.15 F 1.555 -.15(ve \214)-.2 H -.15(xe).15 G 3.755(dt).15 G 1.255(his as)480.245 498 R 2.752(well\). Useful) 72 510 R(beha)2.751 E .251(vior such as a means to abort e)-.2 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .251(cution of a script read with the `).15 F(`.)-.74 E 1.731 -.74('' c)-.7 H .251(ommand using the).74 F F1 -.18(re)72 522 S(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E F0 -.2(bu) 2.742 G .242(iltin or automatically e).2 F .242(xporting v)-.15 F .243 (ariables in the shell')-.25 F 2.743(se)-.55 G -.4(nv)336.842 522 S .243 (ironment to children is also not present).4 F .969(in the Bourne shell.)72 534 R .968(Bash pro)5.968 F .968(vides a much more po)-.15 F .968(werful en)-.25 F .968(vironment for both interacti)-.4 F 1.268 -.15(ve u)-.25 H .968 (se and pro-).15 F(gramming.)72 546 Q F1 2.5(4. Bash-speci\214c)72 570 R -.25 (Fe)2.5 G(atur).25 E(es)-.18 E F0 .491(This section details a fe)97 585.6 R 2.991(wo)-.25 G 2.991(ft)208.355 585.6 S .491(he features which mak)217.456 585.6 R 2.991(eB)-.1 G .491(ash unique.)323.18 585.6 R .492(Most of them pro) 5.491 F .492(vide impro)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G(d).15 E(interacti)72 597.6 Q 1.182 -.15(ve u)-.25 H .882(se, b).15 F .882(ut a fe)-.2 F 3.382(wp)-.25 G .882 (rogramming impro)183.31 597.6 R -.15(ve)-.15 G .882 (ments are present as well.).15 F .882(Full descriptions of these fea-)5.882 F (tures can be found in the Bash documentation.)72 609.6 Q F1 2.5(4.1. Startup) 72 633.6 R(Files)2.5 E F0 .161(Bash e)97 649.2 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .161 (cutes startup \214les dif).15 F .161(ferently than other shells.)-.25 F .162 (The Bash beha)5.161 F .162(vior is a compromise between)-.2 F .116 (the csh principle of startup \214les with \214x)72 661.2 R .116(ed names e) -.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .116(cuted for each shell and the sh `).15 F (`minimalist')-.74 E 2.615('b)-.74 G(eha)472.26 661.2 Q(vior)-.2 E(.)-.55 E 2.844(An interacti)72 673.2 R 3.144 -.15(ve i)-.25 H 2.844 (nstance of Bash started as a login shell reads and e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G (cutes).15 E/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(~/.bash_pr)5.345 E(o\214le)-.45 E F0 2.845 (\(the \214le)7.011 F .954(.bash_pro\214le in the user')72 685.2 R 3.454(sh) -.55 G .953(ome directory\), if it e)186.086 685.2 R 3.453(xists. An)-.15 F (interacti)3.453 E 1.253 -.15(ve n)-.25 H .953(on-login shell reads and e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cutes).15 E .32 LW 76 695.2 72 695.2 DL 80 695.2 76 695.2 DL 84 695.2 80 695.2 DL 88 695.2 84 695.2 DL 92 695.2 88 695.2 DL 96 695.2 92 695.2 DL 100 695.2 96 695.2 DL 104 695.2 100 695.2 DL 108 695.2 104 695.2 DL 112 695.2 108 695.2 DL 116 695.2 112 695.2 DL 120 695.2 116 695.2 DL 124 695.2 120 695.2 DL 128 695.2 124 695.2 DL 132 695.2 128 695.2 DL 136 695.2 132 695.2 DL 140 695.2 136 695.2 DL 144 695.2 140 695.2 DL/F4 8/Times-Roman@0 SF .764 (\207Bill Jo)72 705.2 R 1.804 -.52(y, A)-.08 H 2.764(nI).52 G .764 (ntroduction to the C Shell,)121.252 705.2 R/F5 8/Times-Italic@0 SF .763 (UNIX User')2.764 F 2.763(sS)-.32 G .763(upplementary Documents)260.942 705.2 R F4 2.763(,U)C(ni)354.228 705.2 Q -.12(ve)-.2 G .763 (rsity of California at Berk).12 F(ele)-.08 E -.52(y,)-.12 G(1986.)72 715.2 Q EP %%Page: 4 4 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF 2.5(-4-)279.67 48 S/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(~/.bashr)72 84 Q(c)-.37 E F0 5.537(.A)1.666 G(non-interacti)127.42 84 Q .837 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .537(hell \(one be).15 F .538(gun to e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .538 (cute a shell script, for e).15 F .538(xample\) reads no \214x)-.15 F .538 (ed startup)-.15 F .342(\214le, b)72 96 R .342(ut uses the v)-.2 F .342 (alue of the v)-.25 F(ariable)-.25 E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF($ENV)2.842 E F0 2.841(,i)C 2.841(fs)260.187 96 S .341(et, as the name of a startup \214le.) 270.248 96 R .341(The ksh practice of read-)5.341 F(ing)72 108 Q F2($ENV)3.114 E F0 .614(for e)3.114 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .614(ry shell, with the accompan).15 F .615(ying dif)-.15 F .615(\214culty of de\214ning the proper v)-.25 F .615 (ariables and functions)-.25 F .721(for interacti)72 120 R 1.021 -.15(ve a)-.25 H .721(nd non-interacti).15 F 1.021 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .721(hells or ha).15 F .721(ving the \214le read only for interacti)-.2 F 1.02 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .72 (hells, w).15 F .72(as considered)-.1 F .158(too comple)72 132 R 2.658(x. Ease) -.15 F .158(of use w)2.658 F .158(on out here.)-.1 F(Interestingly)5.158 E 2.658(,t)-.65 G .158(he ne)295.822 132 R .159 (xt release of ksh will change to reading)-.15 F F2($ENV)2.659 E F0 (only for interacti)72 144 Q .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.).15 E F2 2.5(4.2. New) 72 168 R(Builtin Commands)2.5 E F0 1.02(There are a fe)97 183.6 R 3.52(wb)-.25 G 1.02(uiltins which are ne)170.59 183.6 R 3.52(wo)-.25 G 3.52(rh)267.74 183.6 S -2.25 -.2(av e)279.59 183.6 T 1.02(been e)3.72 F 1.02(xtended in Bash.)-.15 F (The)6.02 E F2(enable)3.52 E F0 -.2(bu)3.52 G 1.02(iltin allo).2 F(ws)-.25 E -.2(bu)72 195.6 S .736(iltin commands to be turned on and of).2 F 3.236(fa)-.25 G(rbitrarily)250.198 195.6 Q 5.736(.T)-.65 G 3.237(ou)298.644 195.6 S .737 (se the v)311.881 195.6 R .737(ersion of)-.15 F F1(ec)3.237 E(ho)-.15 E F0 .737 (found in a user')4.903 F 3.237(ss)-.55 G(earch)482.35 195.6 Q .625 (path rather than the Bash b)72 207.6 R(uiltin,)-.2 E/F3 10/Courier@0 SF .625 (enable -n echo)3.125 F F0(suf)3.125 E 3.125(\214ces. The)-.25 F F2(help)3.124 E F0 -.2(bu)3.124 G .624(iltin pro).2 F .624(vides quick synopses)-.15 F .703 (of the shell f)72 219.6 R .704 (acilities without requiring access to a manual page.)-.1 F F2(Builtin)5.704 E F0 .704(is similar to)3.204 F F2(command)3.204 E F0 .704(in that it)3.204 F .342(bypasses shell functions and directly e)72 231.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .342 (cutes b).15 F .342(uiltin commands.)-.2 F .342 (Access to a csh-style stack of directories)5.342 F .072(is pro)72 243.6 R .073 (vided via the)-.15 F F2(pushd)2.573 E F0(,)A F2(popd)2.573 E F0 2.573(,a)C(nd) 211.197 243.6 Q F2(dirs)2.573 E F0 -.2(bu)2.573 G(iltins.).2 E F2(Pushd)5.073 E F0(and)2.573 E F2(popd)2.573 E F0 .073(insert and remo)2.573 F .373 -.15(ve d) -.15 H .073(irectories from the).15 F 2.858(stack, respecti)72 255.6 R -.15(ve) -.25 G(ly).15 E 5.358(,a)-.65 G(nd)159.976 255.6 Q F2(dirs)5.358 E F0 2.858 (lists the stack contents.)5.358 F 2.858(On systems that allo)7.858 F 5.358 <778c>-.25 G 2.857(ne-grained control of)413.866 255.6 R 1.339(resources, the) 72 267.6 R F2(ulimit)3.839 E F0 -.2(bu)3.839 G 1.339 (iltin can be used to tune these settings.).2 F F2(Ulimit)6.34 E F0(allo)3.84 E 1.34(ws a user to control, among)-.25 F 1.086 (other things, whether core dumps are to be generated, ho)72 279.6 R 3.586(wm) -.25 G 1.086(uch memory the shell or a child process is)327.002 279.6 R(allo)72 291.6 Q .496(wed to allocate, and ho)-.25 F 2.996(wl)-.25 G(ar)193.96 291.6 Q .496(ge a \214le created by a child process can gro)-.18 F 4.296 -.65(w. T)-.25 H(he).65 E F2(suspend)2.996 E F0 .497(command will)2.997 F .744 (stop the shell process when job control is acti)72 303.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.243(;m).15 G .743(ost other shells do not allo)282.443 303.6 R 3.243(wt)-.25 G(hemselv)404.431 303.6 Q .743(es to be stopped)-.15 F(lik)72 315.6 Q 2.717(et) -.1 G(hat.)92.397 315.6 Q F2 -.74(Ty)5.217 G(pe,).74 E F0 .217 (the Bash answer to)2.717 F F2(which)2.717 E F0(and)2.717 E F2(whence,)2.717 E F0(sho)2.717 E .218(ws what will happen when a w)-.25 F .218(ord is typed as a) -.1 F(command:)72 327.6 Q F3 6($t)97 345.6 S(ype export)115 345.6 Q (export is a shell builtin)97 357.6 Q 6($t)97 369.6 S(ype -t export)115 369.6 Q (builtin)97 381.6 Q 6($t)97 393.6 S(ype bash)115 393.6 Q(bash is /bin/bash)97 405.6 Q 6($t)97 417.6 S(ype cd)115 417.6 Q(cd is a function)97 429.6 Q(cd \(\)) 97 441.6 Q({)97 453.6 Q(builtin cd ${1+"$@"} && xtitle $HOST: $PWD)121 465.6 Q (})97 477.6 Q F0 -1.11(Va)72 499.2 S .682(rious modes tell what a command w) 1.11 F .681(ord is \(reserv)-.1 F .681(ed w)-.15 F .681 (ord, alias, function, b)-.1 F .681(uiltin, or \214le\) or which v)-.2 F(er) -.15 E(-)-.2 E 1.15(sion of a command will be e)72 511.2 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.15 (cuted based on a user').15 F 3.65(ss)-.55 G 1.15(earch path.)305.7 511.2 R 1.15(Some of this functionality has been)6.15 F (adopted by POSIX.2 and folded into the)72 523.2 Q F2(command)2.5 E F0(utility) 2.5 E(.)-.65 E F2 2.5(4.3. Editing)72 547.2 R(and Completion)2.5 E F0 .584 (One area in which Bash shines is command line editing.)97 562.8 R .584 (Bash uses the)5.584 F F1 -.37(re)3.084 G(adline).37 E F0 .583 (library to read and)4.749 F .942(edit lines when interacti)72 574.8 R -.15(ve) -.25 G 5.942(.R).15 G .942(eadline is a po)194.798 574.8 R .942 (werful and \215e)-.25 F .942(xible input f)-.15 F .943 (acility that a user can con\214gure to)-.1 F(indi)72 586.8 Q .732 (vidual tastes.)-.25 F .732(It allo)5.732 F .732 (ws lines to be edited using either emacs or vi commands, where those commands) -.25 F .2(are appropriate.)72 598.8 R .2 (The full capability of emacs is not present \255 there is no w)5.2 F .2 (ay to e)-.1 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .2(cute a named command).15 F 1.15 (with M-x, for instance \255 b)72 610.8 R 1.15(ut the e)-.2 F 1.149 (xisting commands are more than adequate.)-.15 F 1.149 (The vi mode is compliant)6.149 F (with the command line editing standardized by POSIX.2.)72 622.8 Q 1.69 (Readline is fully customizable.)97 638.4 R 1.691 (In addition to the basic commands and k)6.69 F 1.991 -.15(ey b)-.1 H 1.691 (indings, the library).15 F(allo)72 650.4 Q .83 (ws users to de\214ne additional k)-.25 F 1.13 -.15(ey b)-.1 H .83 (indings using a startup \214le.).15 F(The)5.83 E F1(inputr)3.329 E(c)-.37 E F0 .829(\214le, which def)4.995 F .829(aults to the)-.1 F(\214le)72 662.4 Q F1 (~/.inputr)4.287 E(c)-.37 E F0 4.287(,i)1.666 G 4.287(sr)137.43 662.4 S 1.788(\ ead each time readline initializes, permitting users to maintain a consistent \ interf)148.937 662.4 R(ace)-.1 E .547(across a set of programs.)72 674.4 R .546 (Readline includes an e)5.546 F .546(xtensible interf)-.15 F .546 (ace, so each program using the library can)-.1 F .23(add its o)72 686.4 R .23 (wn bindable commands and program-speci\214c k)-.25 F .531 -.15(ey b)-.1 H 2.731(indings. Bash).15 F .231(uses this f)2.731 F .231 (acility to add bindings)-.1 F(that perform history e)72 698.4 Q (xpansion or shell w)-.15 E(ord e)-.1 E(xpansions on the current input line.) -.15 E .707(Readline interprets a number of v)97 714 R .706 (ariables which further tune its beha)-.25 F(vior)-.2 E 5.706(.V)-.55 G .706 (ariables e)408.432 714 R .706(xist to control)-.15 F .157 (whether or not eight-bit characters are directly read as input or con)72 726 R -.15(ve)-.4 G .158(rted to meta-pre\214x).15 F .158(ed k)-.15 F .458 -.15(ey s) -.1 H .158(equences \(a).15 F EP %%Page: 5 5 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF 2.5(-5-)279.67 48 S(meta-pre\214x)72 84 Q 1.575(ed k) -.15 F 1.875 -.15(ey s)-.1 H 1.575 (equence consists of the character with the eighth bit zeroed, preceded by the) .15 F/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(meta-)4.074 E(pr)72 96 Q(e\214x)-.37 E F0 (character)4.45 E 2.784(,u)-.4 G .284 (sually escape, which selects an alternate k)145.374 96 R -.15(ey)-.1 G .285 (map\), to decide whether to output characters).15 F .485 (with the eighth bit set directly or as a meta-pre\214x)72 108 R .485(ed k)-.15 F .784 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .484(equence, whether or not to wrap to a ne).15 F 2.984 (ws)-.25 G(creen)482.35 108 Q .157 (line when a line being edited is longer than the screen width, the k)72 120 R -.15(ey)-.1 G .158(map to which subsequent k).15 F .458 -.15(ey b)-.1 H (indings).15 E .531(should apply)72 132 R 3.031(,o)-.65 G 3.031(re)133.802 132 S -.15(ve)144.353 132 S 3.031(nw).15 G .531(hat happens when readline w)168.894 132 R .531(ants to ring the terminal')-.1 F 3.03(sb)-.55 G 3.03(ell. All)399.37 132 R .53(of these v)3.03 F(ariables)-.25 E(can be set in the inputrc \214le.) 72 144 Q .284(The startup \214le understands a set of C preprocessor)97 159.6 R (-lik)-.2 E 2.785(ec)-.1 G .285(onditional constructs which allo)329.49 159.6 R 2.785(wv)-.25 G(ariables)472.9 159.6 Q .12(or k)72 171.6 R .42 -.15(ey b)-.1 H .119(indings to be assigned based on the application using readline, the termi\ nal currently being used, or).15 F .338(the editing mode.)72 183.6 R .338 (Users can add program-speci\214c bindings to mak)5.338 F 2.838(et)-.1 G .338 (heir li)353.02 183.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.838(se).15 G 2.838(asier: I)397.176 183.6 R(ha)2.838 E .639 -.15(ve b)-.2 H .339(indings that).15 F (let me edit the v)72 195.6 Q(alue of)-.25 E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF($P)2.5 E -.95(AT)-.74 G(H).95 E F0(and double-quote the current or pre)2.5 E(vious w) -.25 E(ord:)-.1 E/F3 10/Courier@0 SF 6(#M)97 213.6 S (acros that are convenient for shell interaction)115 213.6 Q($if Bash)97 225.6 Q 6(#e)97 237.6 S(dit the path)115 237.6 Q ("\\C-xp": "PATH=${PATH}\\e\\C-e\\C-a\\ef\\C-f")97 249.6 Q 6(#p)97 261.6 S (repare to type a quoted word -- insert open and close double)115 261.6 Q 6(#q) 97 273.6 S(uotes and move to just after the open quote)115 273.6 Q ("\\C-x\\"": "\\"\\"\\C-b")97 285.6 Q 6(#Q)97 297.6 S (uote the current or previous word)115 297.6 Q("\\C-xq": "\\eb\\"\\ef\\"")97 309.6 Q($endif)97 321.6 Q F0 .322(There is a readline command to re-read the \ \214le, so users can edit the \214le, change some bindings, and be)72 343.2 R (gin)-.15 E(to use them almost immediately)72 355.2 Q(.)-.65 E .851 (Bash implements the)97 370.8 R F2(bind)3.351 E F0 -.2(bu)3.351 G .851 (iltin for more dyamic control of readline than the startup \214le permits.).2 F F2(Bind)72 382.8 Q F0 .167(is used in se)2.667 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .167(ral w) .15 F 2.667(ays. In)-.1 F F1(list)2.667 E F0 .167 (mode, it can display the current k)4.333 F .466 -.15(ey b)-.1 H .166 (indings, list all the readline edit-).15 F .149(ing directi)72 394.8 R -.15 (ve)-.25 G 2.649(sa).15 G -.25(va)132.798 394.8 S .149 (ilable for binding, list which k).25 F -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.649(si).15 G -1.9 -.4 (nv o)282.352 394.8 T .349 -.1(ke a g).4 H -2.15 -.25(iv e).1 H 2.65(nd).25 G (irecti)345.3 394.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.65(,o).15 G 2.65(ro)385.04 394.8 S .15 (utput the current set of k)396.02 394.8 R -.15(ey)-.1 G .526(bindings in a fo\ rmat that can be incorporated directly into an inputrc \214le.)72 406.8 R(In) 5.526 E F1(batc)3.026 E(h)-.15 E F0 .526(mode, it reads a series)4.692 F .71 (of k)72 418.8 R 1.01 -.15(ey b)-.1 H .71 (indings directly from a \214le and passes them to readline.).15 F .71 (In its most common usage,)5.71 F F2(bind)3.21 E F0(tak)3.21 E .71(es a)-.1 F .534(single string and passes it directly to readline, which interprets the li\ ne as if it had just been read from the)72 430.8 R(inputrc \214le.)72 442.8 Q (Both k)5 E .3 -.15(ey b)-.1 H(indings and v).15 E (ariable assignments may appear in the string gi)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(nt) .15 G(o)427.74 442.8 Q F2(bind)2.5 E F0(.)A .401(The readline library also pro) 97 458.4 R .402(vides an interf)-.15 F .402(ace for)-.1 F F1(wor)2.902 E 2.902 (dc)-.37 G(ompletion)328.546 458.4 Q F0 5.402(.W)C .402(hen the)385.888 458.4 R F1(completion)2.902 E F0(character)4.568 E 1.261(\(usually T)72 470.4 R 1.261 (AB\) is typed, readline looks at the w)-.93 F 1.26 (ord currently being entered and computes the set of \214le-)-.1 F .523 (names of which the current w)72 482.4 R .523(ord is a v)-.1 F .523 (alid pre\214x.)-.25 F .524 (If there is only one possible completion, the rest of the)5.523 F .358 (characters are inserted directly)72 494.4 R 2.858(,o)-.65 G .358(therwise the\ common pre\214x of the set of \214lenames is added to the current)205.232 494.4 R -.1(wo)72 506.4 S 3.199(rd. A).1 F .699(second T)3.199 F .699(AB chara\ cter entered immediately after a non-unique completion causes readline to list) -.93 F 1.814(the possible completions; there is an option to ha)72 518.4 R 2.113 -.15(ve t)-.2 H 1.813(he list displayed immediately).15 F 6.813(.R)-.65 G 1.813(eadline pro)436.517 518.4 R(vides)-.15 E .482 (hooks so that applications can pro)72 530.4 R .482 (vide speci\214c types of completion before the def)-.15 F .483 (ault \214lename completion)-.1 F .132(is attempted.)72 542.4 R .132 (This is quite \215e)5.132 F .132(xible, though it is not completely user)-.15 F 2.632(-programmable. Bash,)-.2 F .132(for e)2.632 F .132(xample, can)-.15 F .37(complete \214lenames, command names \(including aliases, b)72 554.4 R .37 (uiltins, shell reserv)-.2 F .37(ed w)-.15 F .37(ords, shell functions, and)-.1 F -.15(exe)72 566.4 S .424(cutables found in the \214le system\), shell v).15 F .424(ariables, usernames, and hostnames.)-.25 F .423 (It uses a set of heuristics)5.424 F(that, while not perfect, is generally qui\ te good at determining what type of completion to attempt.)72 578.4 Q F2 2.5 (4.4. History)72 602.4 R F0 .144(Access to the list of commands pre)97 618 R .144(viously entered \(the)-.25 F F1 .144(command history)2.644 F F0 2.644(\)i) C 2.644(sp)398.014 618 S(ro)409.548 618 Q .144(vided jointly by Bash)-.15 F .078(and the readline library)72 630 R 5.077(.B)-.65 G .077(ash pro)178.861 630 R .077(vides v)-.15 F .077(ariables \()-.25 F F2($HISTFILE)A F0(,)A F2 ($HISTSIZE)2.577 E F0 2.577(,a)C(nd)391.916 630 Q F2($HISTCONTR)2.577 E(OL)-.3 E F0 2.577(\)a)C(nd)494 630 Q(the)72 642 Q F2(history)2.89 E F0(and)2.89 E F2 (fc)2.89 E F0 -.2(bu)2.89 G .39(iltins to manipulate the history list.).2 F .391(The v)5.391 F .391(alue of)-.25 F F2($HISTFILE)2.891 E F0 .391 (specifes the \214le where)2.891 F .49(Bash writes the command history on e)72 654 R .489(xit and reads it on startup.)-.15 F F2($HISTSIZE)5.489 E F0 .489 (is used to limit the number)2.989 F .642(of commands sa)72 666 R -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.142(di).15 G 3.142(nt)158.286 666 S .642(he history)169.208 666 R(.)-.65 E F2 ($HISTCONTR)5.642 E(OL)-.3 E F0(pro)3.142 E .642 (vides a crude form of control o)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.142(rw).15 G .642 (hich com-)463.088 666 R .32(mands are sa)72 678 R -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.819(do).15 G 2.819(nt)146.199 678 S .319(he history list: a v)156.798 678 R .319(alue of) -.25 F F1(ignor)2.819 E(espace)-.37 E F0 .319(means to not sa)4.485 F .619 -.15 (ve c)-.2 H .319(ommands which be).15 F .319(gin with)-.15 F 2.866(as)72 690 S .366(pace; a v)83.196 690 R .366(alue of)-.25 F F1(ignor)2.866 E(edups)-.37 E F0 .367(means to not sa)4.533 F .667 -.15(ve c)-.2 H .367 (ommands identical to the last command sa).15 F -.15(ve)-.2 G(d.).15 E F2 ($HIST)5.367 E(-)-.92 E(CONTR)72 702 Q(OL)-.3 E F0 -.1(wa)3.778 G 3.778(sn).1 G (amed)150.266 702 Q F2($history_contr)3.778 E(ol)-.18 E F0 1.278(in earlier v) 3.778 F 1.278(ersions of Bash; the old name is still accepted for)-.15 F(backw) 72 714 Q .575(ards compatibility)-.1 F 5.575(.T)-.65 G(he)184.61 714 Q F2 (history)3.075 E F0 .575 (command can read or write \214les containing the history list and dis-)3.075 F .167(play the current list contents.)72 726 R(The)5.167 E F2(fc)2.667 E F0 -.2 (bu)2.667 G .167(iltin, adopted from POSIX.2 and the K).2 F .167 (orn Shell, allo)-.35 F .167(ws display and)-.25 F EP %%Page: 6 6 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF 2.5(-6-)279.67 48 S(re-e)72 84 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G .58 (cution, with optional editing, of commands from the history list.).15 F .58 (The readline library of)5.58 F .58(fers a set of)-.25 F 1.255(commands to sea\ rch the history list for a portion of the current input line or a string typed\ by the user)72 96 R(.)-.55 E(Finally)72 108 Q 3.499(,t)-.65 G(he)108.469 108 Q /F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(history)3.499 E F0(library)5.165 E 3.499(,g)-.65 G 1 (enerally incorporated directly into the readline library)191.362 108 R 3.5(,i) -.65 G 1(mplements a f)420.44 108 R(acility)-.1 E .613(for history recall, e)72 120 R .613(xpansion, and re-e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .613(cution of pre).15 F .613(vious commands v)-.25 F .613(ery similar to csh \(`)-.15 F .612 (`bang history')-.74 F(',)-.74 E(so called because the e)72 132 Q (xclamation point introduces a history substitution\):)-.15 E/F2 10/Courier@0 SF 6($e)97 150 S(cho a b c d e)115 150 Q 6(abcde)97 162 S 6($!)97 174 S 6 (!fghi)115 174 S(echo a b c d e f g h i)97 186 Q 6(abcdefghi)97 198 S 6($!)97 210 S(-2)115 210 Q(echo a b c d e)97 222 Q 6(abcde)97 234 S 6($e)97 246 S (cho !-2:1-4)115 246 Q(echo a b c d)97 258 Q 6(abcd)97 270 S F0 1.456 (The command history is only sa)72 291.6 R -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.957(dw).15 G 1.457 (hen the shell is interacti)232.599 291.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.957(,s).15 G 3.957 (oi)352.804 291.6 S 3.957(ti)364.541 291.6 S 3.957(sn)374.058 291.6 S 1.457 (ot a)386.905 291.6 R -.25(va)-.2 G 1.457(ilable for use by shell).25 F (scripts.)72 303.6 Q/F3 10/Times-Bold@0 SF 2.5(4.5. New)72 327.6 R(Shell V)2.5 E(ariables)-.92 E F0 .59(There are a number of con)97 343.2 R -.15(ve)-.4 G .589(nience v).15 F .589(ariables that Bash interprets to mak)-.25 F 3.089(el) -.1 G .589(ife easier)403.093 343.2 R 5.589(.T)-.55 G .589(hese include)453.701 343.2 R F3(FIGNORE)72 355.2 Q F0 3.973(,w)C 1.473 (hich is a set of \214lename suf)132.363 355.2 R<8c78>-.25 E 1.474 (es identifying \214les to e)-.15 F 1.474(xclude when completing \214lenames;) -.15 F F3(HOSTTYPE)72 367.2 Q F0 2.932(,w)C .432 (hich is automatically set to a string describing the type of hardw)139.112 367.2 R .431(are on which Bash is cur)-.1 F(-)-.2 E .335(rently e)72 379.2 R -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting;).15 E F3(command_oriented_history)2.835 E F0 2.835(,w)C .335(hich directs Bash to sa)272.685 379.2 R .635 -.15(ve a)-.2 H .336 (ll lines of a multiple-line com-).15 F 1.071(mand such as a)72 391.2 R F1 (while)3.571 E F0(or)3.571 E F1(for)3.571 E F0 1.071 (loop in a single history entry)3.571 F 3.57(,a)-.65 G(llo)321.92 391.2 Q 1.07 (wing easy re-editing; and)-.25 F F3(IGNOREEOF)3.57 E F0(,)A .747(whose v)72 403.2 R .747(alue indicates the number of consecuti)-.25 F 1.047 -.15(ve E)-.25 H .747(OF characters that an interacti).15 F 1.048 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .748 (hell will read before).15 F -.15(ex)72 415.2 S 1.432(iting \255 an easy w).15 F 1.432(ay to k)-.1 F 1.432(eep yourself from being logged out accidentally)-.1 F 6.432(.T)-.65 G(he)399.926 415.2 Q F3(auto_r)3.932 E(esume)-.18 E F0 -.25(va) 3.932 G(riable).25 E .571(alters the w)72 427.2 R .571 (ay the shell treats simple command names: if job control is acti)-.1 F -.15 (ve)-.25 G 3.071(,a).15 G .571(nd this v)396.954 427.2 R .571 (ariable is set, sin-)-.25 F(gle-w)72 439.2 Q .239(ord simple commands without\ redirections cause the shell to \214rst look for and restart a suspended job) -.1 F(with that name before starting a ne)72 451.2 Q 2.5(wp)-.25 G(rocess.) 225.33 451.2 Q F3 2.5(4.6. Brace)72 475.2 R(Expansion)2.5 E F0 .653 (Since sh of)97 490.8 R .653(fers no con)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.4 G .653(nient w).15 F .653(ay to generate arbitrary strings that share a common pre\214x or suf)-.1 F<8c78>-.25 E 2.124(\(\214lename e)72 502.8 R 2.124 (xpansion requires that the \214lenames e)-.15 F 2.123(xist\), Bash implements) -.15 F F1(br)4.623 E 2.123(ace e)-.15 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0 4.623(,ac)C (apability)469 502.8 Q(pick)72 514.8 Q .773(ed up from csh.)-.1 F .774(Brace e) 5.773 F .774(xpansion is similar to \214lename e)-.15 F .774(xpansion, b)-.15 F .774(ut the strings generated need not)-.2 F 1.107(correspond to e)72 526.8 R 1.107(xisting \214les.)-.15 F 3.607(Ab)6.107 G 1.107(race e)207.655 526.8 R 1.107(xpression consists of an optional)-.15 F F1(pr)3.606 E(eamble)-.37 E F0 3.606(,f)1.666 G(ollo)419.286 526.8 Q 1.106(wed by a pair of)-.25 F 2.809 (braces enclosing a series of comma-separated strings, and an optional)72 538.8 R F1(postamble)5.31 E F0 7.81(.T)1.666 G 2.81(he preamble is)440.06 538.8 R(pr\ epended to each string within the braces, and the postamble is then appended t\ o each resulting string:)72 550.8 Q F2 6($e)97 568.8 S(cho a{d,c,b}e)115 568.8 Q(ade ace abe)97 580.8 Q F0 .306(As this e)72 602.4 R .306 (xample demonstrates, the results of brace e)-.15 F .305 (xpansion are not sorted, as the)-.15 F 2.805(ya)-.15 G .305 (re by \214lename e)416.315 602.4 R(xpan-)-.15 E(sion.)72 614.4 Q F3 2.5 (4.7. Pr)72 638.4 R(ocess Substitution)-.18 E F0 .457 (On systems that can support it, Bash pro)97 654 R .457(vides a f)-.15 F .457 (acility kno)-.1 F .458(wn as)-.25 F F1(pr)2.958 E .458(ocess substitution)-.45 F F0 5.458(.P)C .458(rocess sub-)458.832 654 R .347(stitution is similar to co\ mmand substitution in that its speci\214cation includes a command to e)72 666 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .346(cute, b).15 F .346(ut the)-.2 F .181 (shell does not collect the command')72 678 R 2.681(so)-.55 G .181 (utput and insert it into the command line.)228.076 678 R(Rather)5.181 E 2.681 (,B)-.4 G .182(ash opens a pipe)437.635 678 R 1.763 (to the command, which is run in the background.)72 690 R 1.763 (The shell uses named pipes \(FIFOs\) or the)6.763 F F1(/de)4.263 E(v/fd)-.15 E F0 .961(method of naming open \214les to e)72 702 R .962 (xpand the process substitution to a \214lename which connects to the pipe)-.15 F .104(when opened.)72 714 R .103(This \214lename becomes the result of the e) 5.104 F 2.603(xpansion. Process)-.15 F .103(substitution can be used to com-) 2.603 F(pare the outputs of tw)72 726 Q 2.5(od)-.1 G(if)171.61 726 Q(ferent v) -.25 E(ersions of an application as part of a re)-.15 E(gression test:)-.15 E EP %%Page: 7 7 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF 2.5(-7-)279.67 48 S/F1 10/Courier@0 SF 6($c)97 84 S (mp <\(old_prog\) <\(new_prog\))115 84 Q/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF 2.5(4.8. Pr)72 114 R(ompt Customization)-.18 E F0 2.229(One of the more popular interacti)97 129.6 R 2.529 -.15(ve f)-.25 H 2.229(eatures that Bash pro).15 F 2.23 (vides is the ability to customize the)-.15 F 3.234(prompt. Both)72 141.6 R F2 ($PS1)3.234 E F0(and)3.234 E F2($PS2,)3.234 E F0 .734 (the primary and secondary prompts, are e)3.234 F .733 (xpanded before being displayed.)-.15 F -.15(Pa)72 153.6 S .804(rameter and v) .15 F .804(ariable e)-.25 F .805 (xpansion is performed when the prompt string is e)-.15 F .805(xpanded, so an) -.15 F 3.305(ys)-.15 G .805(hell v)453.735 153.6 R(ariable)-.25 E .729 (can be put into the prompt \(e.g.,)72 165.6 R F2($SHL)3.228 E(VL)-.92 E F0 3.228(,w)C .728(hich indicates ho)258.568 165.6 R 3.228(wd)-.25 G .728 (eeply the current shell is nested\).)342.992 165.6 R(Bash)5.728 E 1.895 (specially interprets characters in the prompt string preceded by a backslash.) 72 177.6 R 1.895(Some of these backslash)6.895 F .874 (escapes are replaced with the current time, the date, the current w)72 189.6 R .874(orking directory)-.1 F 3.373(,t)-.65 G .873(he username, and the)416.961 189.6 R .78(command number or history number of the command being entered.)72 201.6 R .781(There is e)5.781 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.281(nab).15 G .781 (ackslash escape to)429.128 201.6 R .007 (cause the shell to change its prompt when running as root after an)72 213.6 R /F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(su)2.507 E F0 5.007(.B)C .007 (efore printing each primary prompt,)360.392 213.6 R .305(Bash e)72 225.6 R .305(xpands the v)-.15 F(ariable)-.25 E F2($PR)2.805 E(OMPT_COMMAND)-.3 E F0 .305(and, if it has a v)2.805 F .306(alue, e)-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .306 (cutes the e).15 F .306(xpanded v)-.15 F .306(alue as)-.25 F 3.735(ac)72 237.6 S 1.235(ommand, allo)84.615 237.6 R 1.234 (wing additional prompt customization.)-.25 F -.15(Fo)6.234 G 3.734(re).15 G 1.234(xample, this assignment causes the current)327.3 237.6 R(user)72 249.6 Q 2.917(,t)-.4 G .417 (he current host, the time, the last component of the current w)96.457 249.6 R .417(orking directory)-.1 F 2.917(,t)-.65 G .418(he le)417.188 249.6 R -.15(ve) -.25 G 2.918(lo).15 G 2.918(fs)456.504 249.6 S .418(hell nest-)466.642 249.6 R (ing, and the history number of the current command to be embedded into the pr\ imary prompt:)72 261.6 Q F1 6($P)97 279.6 S (S1='\\u@\\h [\\t] \\W\($SHLVL:\\!\)\\$ ')115 279.6 Q (chet@odin [21:03:44] documentation\(2:636\)$ cd ..)97 291.6 Q (chet@odin [21:03:54] src\(2:637\)$)97 303.6 Q F0 .146 (The string being assigned is surrounded by single quotes so that if it is e)72 325.2 R .146(xported, the v)-.15 F .146(alue of)-.25 F F2($SHL)2.646 E(VL)-.92 E F0(will)2.646 E(be updated by a child shell:)72 337.2 Q F1 (chet@odin [21:17:35] src\(2:638\)$ export PS1)97 355.2 Q (chet@odin [21:17:40] src\(2:639\)$ bash)97 367.2 Q (chet@odin [21:17:46] src\(3:696\)$)97 379.2 Q F0 (The \\$ escape is displayed as `)72 400.8 Q(`)-.74 E F2($)A F0 1.48 -.74('' w) D(hen running as a normal user).74 E 2.5(,b)-.4 G(ut as `)342.08 400.8 Q(`)-.74 E F2(#)A F0 1.48 -.74('' w)D(hen running as root.).74 E F2 2.5(4.9. File)72 424.8 R(System V)2.5 E(iews)-.37 E F0 .029(Since Berk)97 440.4 R(ele)-.1 E 2.529(yi)-.15 G .029 (ntroduced symbolic links in 4.2 BSD, one of their most anno)162.908 440.4 R .03(ying properties has been)-.1 F 1.701(the `)72 452.4 R(`w)-.74 E(arping')-.1 E 4.201('t)-.74 G 4.201(oac)139.912 452.4 S 1.701(ompletely dif)162.194 452.4 R 1.701(ferent area of the \214le system when using)-.25 F F2(cd)4.2 E F0 4.2(,a) C 1.7(nd the resultant non-)416.41 452.4 R(intuiti)72 464.4 Q .658 -.15(ve b) -.25 H(eha).15 E .359(vior of `)-.2 F(`)-.74 E F2 .359(cd ..)B F0 -.74('')C 5.359(.T).74 G(he)200.304 464.4 Q/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(UNIX)2.859 E F0 -.1(ke) 2.859 G .359(rnel treats symbolic links).1 F F3(physically)2.859 E F0 5.359(.W) 1.666 G .359(hen the k)411.574 464.4 R .359(ernel is trans-)-.1 F .401(lating \ a pathname in which one component is a symbolic link, it replaces all or part \ of the pathname while)72 476.4 R .946(processing the link.)72 488.4 R .946 (If the contents of the symbolic link be)5.946 F .946(gin with a slash, the k) -.15 F .947(ernel replaces the path-)-.1 F .661 (name entirely; if not, the link contents replace the current component.)72 500.4 R .66(In either case, the symbolic link is)5.66 F 2.546(visible. If)72 512.4 R .046(the link v)2.546 F .047 (alue is an absolute pathname, the user \214nds himself in a completely dif) -.25 F .047(ferent part of the)-.25 F(\214le system.)72 524.4 Q .599(Bash pro) 97 540 R .599(vides a)-.15 F F3(lo)3.099 E(gical)-.1 E F0(vie)4.765 E 3.099(wo) -.25 G 3.099(ft)224.761 540 S .599(he \214le system.)233.97 540 R .599 (In this def)5.599 F .599(ault mode, command and \214lename com-)-.1 F .522 (pletion and b)72 552 R .522(uiltin commands such as)-.2 F F2(cd)3.022 E F0 (and)3.022 E F2(pushd)3.022 E F0 .522(which change the current w)3.022 F .522 (orking directory transpar)-.1 F(-)-.2 E .127(ently follo)72 564 R 2.627(ws) -.25 G .127(ymbolic links as if the)127.004 564 R 2.627(yw)-.15 G .127 (ere directories.)231.099 564 R(The)5.126 E F2($PWD)2.626 E F0 -.25(va)2.626 G .126(riable, which holds the shell').25 F 2.626(si)-.55 G .126(dea of)479.164 564 R .366(the current w)72 576 R .366(orking directory)-.1 F 2.866(,d)-.65 G .367(epends on the path used to reach the directory rather than its ph)200.184 576 R .367(ysical loca-)-.05 F(tion in the local \214le system hierarch)72 588 Q 3.8 -.65(y. F)-.05 H(or e).5 E(xample:)-.15 E F1 6($c)97 606 S 6(d/)115 606 S (usr/local/bin)133 606 Q 6($e)97 618 S(cho $PWD)115 618 Q(/usr/local/bin)97 630 Q 6($p)97 642 S(wd)115 642 Q(/usr/local/bin)97 654 Q 6($/)97 666 S(bin/pwd)115 666 Q(/net/share/sun4/local/bin)97 678 Q 6($c)97 690 S 6(d.)115 690 S(.)133 690 Q 6($p)97 702 S(wd)115 702 Q(/usr/local)97 714 Q 6($/)97 726 S(bin/pwd)115 726 Q EP %%Page: 8 8 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF 2.5(-8-)279.67 48 S/F1 10/Courier@0 SF (/net/share/sun4/local)97 84 Q 6($c)97 96 S 6(d.)115 96 S(.)133 96 Q 6($p)97 108 S(wd)115 108 Q(/usr)97 120 Q 6($/)97 132 S(bin/pwd)115 132 Q(/usr)97 144 Q F0 .3(One problem with this, of course, arises when programs that do not under\ stand the shell')72 165.6 R 2.8(sl)-.55 G .3(ogical notion of)440.07 165.6 R .717(the \214le system interpret `)72 177.6 R(`..)-.74 E 2.197 -.74('' d)-.7 H (if).74 E(ferently)-.25 E 5.717(.T)-.65 G .717 (his generally happens when Bash completes \214lenames contain-)246.521 177.6 R .977(ing `)72 189.6 R(`..)-.74 E 2.457 -.74('' a)-.7 H .977 (ccording to a logical hierarch).74 F 3.476(yw)-.05 G .976 (hich does not correspond to their ph)249.056 189.6 R .976(ysical location.) -.05 F -.15(Fo)5.976 G 3.476(ru).15 G(sers)488.45 189.6 Q (who \214nd this troublesome, a corresponding)72 201.6 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(physical)2.5 E F0(vie)4.166 E 2.5(wo)-.25 G 2.5(ft)312.006 201.6 S (he \214le system is a)320.616 201.6 Q -.25(va)-.2 G(ilable:).25 E F1 6($c)97 219.6 S 6(d/)115 219.6 S(usr/local/bin)133 219.6 Q 6($p)97 231.6 S(wd)115 231.6 Q(/usr/local/bin)97 243.6 Q 6($s)97 255.6 S(et -o physical)115 255.6 Q 6($p)97 267.6 S(wd)115 267.6 Q(/net/share/sun4/local/bin)97 279.6 Q/F3 10/Times-Bold@0 SF 2.5(4.10. Inter)72 309.6 R(nationalization)-.15 E F0 .052 (One of the most signi\214cant impro)97 325.2 R -.15(ve)-.15 G .052(ments in v) .15 F .053(ersion 1.13 of Bash w)-.15 F .053(as the change to `)-.1 F .053 (`eight-bit clean-)-.74 F(liness')72 337.2 Q 2.846('. Pre)-.74 F .346(vious v) -.25 F .345 (ersions used the eighth bit of characters to mark whether or not the)-.15 F 2.845(yw)-.15 G .345(ere quoted when)437.22 337.2 R 1.495(performing w)72 349.2 R 1.495(ord e)-.1 F 3.995(xpansions. While)-.15 F 1.495(this did not af)3.995 F 1.496(fect the majority of users, most of whom used only)-.25 F(se)72 361.2 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.236(n-bit ASCII characters, some found it con\214ning.).15 F (Be)6.236 E 1.236(ginning with v)-.15 F 1.236(ersion 1.13, Bash implemented a) -.15 F(dif)72 373.2 Q .02 (ferent quoting mechanism that did not alter the eighth bit of characters.)-.25 F .021(This allo)5.021 F .021(wed Bash to manipulate)-.25 F .263 (\214les with `)72 385.2 R(`odd')-.74 E 2.763('c)-.74 G .262 (haracters in their names, b)146.019 385.2 R .262 (ut did nothing to help users enter those names, so v)-.2 F .262(ersion 1.13) -.15 F 1.458 (introduced changes to readline that made it eight-bit clean as well.)72 397.2 R 1.458(Options e)6.458 F 1.458(xist that force readline to)-.15 F .744(attach\ no special signi\214cance to characters with the eighth bit set \(the def)72 409.2 R .744(ault beha)-.1 F .744(vior is to con)-.2 F -.15(ve)-.4 G .744 (rt these).15 F 1.88(characters to meta-pre\214x)72 421.2 R 1.88(ed k)-.15 F 2.18 -.15(ey s)-.1 H 1.88 (equences\) and to output these characters without con).15 F -.15(ve)-.4 G 1.88 (rsion to meta-).15 F(pre\214x)72 433.2 Q .582(ed sequences.)-.15 F .581 (These changes, along with the e)5.582 F .581(xpansion of k)-.15 F -.15(ey)-.1 G .581(maps to a full eight bits, enable read-).15 F(line to w)72 445.2 Q (ork with most of the ISO-8859 f)-.1 E(amily of character sets, used by man)-.1 E 2.5(yE)-.15 G(uropean countries.)394.94 445.2 Q F3 2.5(4.11. POSIX)72 469.2 R (Mode)2.5 E F0 .584(Although Bash is intended to be POSIX.2 conformant, there \ are areas in which the def)97 484.8 R .584(ault beha)-.1 F(vior)-.2 E .463 (is not compatible with the standard.)72 496.8 R -.15(Fo)5.463 G 2.962(ru).15 G .462(sers who wish to operate in a strict POSIX.2 en)244.25 496.8 R .462 (vironment, Bash)-.4 F .505(implements a)72 508.8 R F2 .505(POSIX mode)3.005 F F0 5.505(.W)C .505(hen this mode is acti)199 508.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.005(,B) .15 G .505(ash modi\214es its def)304.455 508.8 R .505 (ault operation where it dif)-.1 F(fers)-.25 E .267 (from POSIX.2 to match the standard.)72 520.8 R .266 (POSIX mode is entered when Bash is started with the)5.267 F F3(-posix)2.766 E F0(option.)2.766 E .149(This feature is also a)72 532.8 R -.25(va)-.2 G .149 (ilable as an option to the).25 F F3(set)2.649 E F0 -.2(bu)2.649 G(iltin,).2 E F3 .149(set -o posix)2.649 F F0 5.149(.F)C .149 (or compatibility with other GNU)371.744 532.8 R(softw)72 544.8 Q 4.02(are tha\ t attempts to be POSIX.2 compliant, Bash also enters POSIX mode if the v)-.1 F (ariable)-.25 E F3($POSIXL)72 556.8 Q(Y_CORRECT)-.92 E F0 5.824 (is set when Bash is started or assigned a v)8.324 F 5.825(alue during e)-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cution.).15 E F3($POSIX_PED)72 568.8 Q(ANTIC)-.35 E F0 .27 (is accepted as well, to be compatible with some older GNU utilities.)2.77 F .27(When Bash is)5.27 F .428(started in POSIX mode, for e)72 580.8 R .428 (xample, it sources the \214le named by the v)-.15 F .429(alue of)-.25 F F3 ($ENV)2.929 E F0 .429(rather than the `)2.929 F(`nor)-.74 E(-)-.2 E(mal')72 592.8 Q 2.5('s)-.74 G(tartup \214les, and does not allo)99.31 592.8 Q 2.5(wr) -.25 G(eserv)227.66 592.8 Q(ed w)-.15 E(ords to be aliased.)-.1 E F3 2.5 (5. New)72 616.8 R -.25(Fe)2.5 G(atur).25 E(es and Futur)-.18 E 2.5(eP)-.18 G (lans)201.65 616.8 Q F0 1.632(There are se)97 632.4 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.632 (ral features introduced in the current v).15 F 1.631(ersion of Bash, v)-.15 F 1.631(ersion 1.14, and a number)-.15 F .241 (under consideration for future releases.)72 644.4 R .242 (This section will brie\215y detail the ne)5.242 F 2.742(wf)-.25 G .242 (eatures in v)395.702 644.4 R .242(ersion 1.14 and)-.15 F(describe se)72 656.4 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(ral features that may appear in later v).15 E(ersions.)-.15 E F3 2.5(5.1. New)72 680.4 R -.25(Fe)2.5 G(atur).25 E(es in Bash-1.14)-.18 E F0 .884(The ne)97 696 R 3.384(wf)-.25 G .884(eatures a)139.058 696 R -.25(va)-.2 G .884(ilable in Bash-1.14 answer se).25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .883 (ral of the most common requests for enhance-).15 F 2.931(ments. Most)72 708 R (notably)2.931 E 2.931(,t)-.65 G .432(here is a mechanism for including non-vi\ sible character sequences in prompts, such)164.873 708 R 1.533 (as those which cause a terminal to print characters in dif)72 720 R 1.532 (ferent colors or in standout mode.)-.25 F 1.532(There w)6.532 F(as)-.1 E EP %%Page: 9 9 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF 2.5(-9-)279.67 48 S 1.967(nothing pre)72 84 R -.15(ve) -.25 G 1.967(nting the use of these sequences in earlier v).15 F 1.967 (ersions, b)-.15 F 1.967(ut the readline redisplay algorithm)-.2 F (assumed each character occupied ph)72 96 Q(ysical screen space and w)-.05 E (ould wrap lines prematurely)-.1 E(.)-.65 E .13(Readline has a fe)97 111.6 R 2.63(wn)-.25 G .63 -.25(ew va)180.58 111.6 T .13(riables, se).25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .13(ral ne).15 F 2.63(wb)-.25 G .13 (indable commands, and some additional emacs mode)290.19 111.6 R(def)72 123.6 Q .918(ault k)-.1 F 1.218 -.15(ey b)-.1 H 3.418(indings. A).15 F(ne)3.418 E 3.418 (wh)-.25 G .919 (istory search mode has been implemented: in this mode, readline searches) 199.03 123.6 R .336(the history for lines be)72 135.6 R .336 (ginning with the characters between the be)-.15 F .336 (ginning of the current line and the cursor)-.15 F(.)-.55 E .555(The e)72 147.6 R .556(xisting readline incremental search commands no longer match identical \ lines more than once.)-.15 F(File-)5.556 E 1.979(name completion no)72 159.6 R 4.479(we)-.25 G 1.979(xpands v)173.357 159.6 R 1.979 (ariables in directory names.)-.25 F 1.978(The history e)6.978 F 1.978 (xpansion f)-.15 F 1.978(acilities are no)-.1 F(w)-.25 E 1.449 (nearly completely csh-compatible: missing modi\214ers ha)72 171.6 R 1.749 -.15 (ve b)-.2 H 1.449(een added and history substitution has been).15 F -.15(ex)72 183.6 S(tended.).15 E(Se)97 199.2 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G .474 (ral of the features described earlier).15 F 2.973(,s)-.4 G .473(uch as)266.483 199.2 R/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF .473(set -o posix)2.973 F F0(and)2.973 E F1 ($POSIX_PED)2.973 E(ANTIC)-.35 E F0 2.973(,a)C .473(re ne)466.094 199.2 R 2.973 (wi)-.25 G(n)499 199.2 Q -.15(ve)72 211.2 S .106(rsion 1.14.).15 F .106 (There is a ne)5.106 F 2.606(ws)-.25 G .106(hell v)194.156 211.2 R(ariable,) -.25 E F1(OSTYPE)2.606 E F0 2.606(,t)C 2.606(ow)296.724 211.2 S .106 (hich Bash assigns a v)311.55 211.2 R .106(alue that identi\214es the v)-.25 F (er)-.15 E(-)-.2 E 1.38(sion of)72 223.2 R/F2 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(UNIX)3.88 E F0 (it')3.88 E 3.879(sr)-.55 G 1.379(unning on \(great for putting architecture-s\ peci\214c binary directories into the)150.57 223.2 R F1($P)3.879 E -.95(AT)-.74 G(H).95 E F0(\).)A -1 -.8(Tw o)72 235.2 T -.25(va)6.215 G 2.915(riables ha).25 F 3.215 -.15(ve b)-.2 H 2.915(een renamed:).15 F F1($HISTCONTR)5.416 E(OL)-.3 E F0(replaces)5.416 E F1($history_contr)5.416 E(ol)-.18 E F0 5.416(,a)C(nd) 432.454 235.2 Q F1($HOSTFILE)5.416 E F0(replaces)72 247.2 Q F1 ($hostname_completion_\214le)2.521 E F0 5.021(.I)C 2.521(nb)234.242 247.2 S .021(oth cases, the old names are accepted for backw)246.763 247.2 R .02 (ards compatibil-)-.1 F(ity)72 259.2 Q 5.676(.T)-.65 G .677(he ksh)96.196 259.2 R/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(select)3.177 E F0 .677(construct, which allo)4.843 F .677(ws the generation of simple menus, has been implemented.)-.25 F(Ne)5.677 E (w)-.25 E 2.892(capabilities ha)72 271.2 R 3.192 -.15(ve b)-.2 H 2.892 (een added to e).15 F 2.892(xisting v)-.15 F(ariables:)-.25 E F1($auto_r)5.392 E(esume)-.18 E F0 2.892(can no)5.392 F 5.392(wt)-.25 G(ak)404.13 271.2 Q 5.391 (ev)-.1 G 2.891(alues of)428.051 271.2 R F3 -.2(ex)5.391 G(act).2 E F0(or)7.057 E F3(substring)72 283.2 Q F0 3.278(,a)1.666 G(nd)121.114 283.2 Q F1($HISTCONTR) 3.278 E(OL)-.3 E F0 .778(understands the v)3.278 F(alue)-.25 E F3(ignor)3.278 E (eboth)-.37 E F0 3.278(,w)1.666 G .778(hich combines the tw)366.248 283.2 R 3.278(op)-.1 G(re)467.03 283.2 Q(viously)-.25 E 1.556(acceptable v)72 295.2 R 4.056(alues. The)-.25 F F1(dirs)4.056 E F0 -.2(bu)4.056 G 1.556 (iltin has acquired options to print out speci\214c members of the directory).2 F 3.062(stack. The)72 307.2 R F1($nolinks)3.062 E F0 -.25(va)3.062 G .562 (riable, which forces a ph).25 F .562(ysical vie)-.05 F 3.062(wo)-.25 G 3.062 (ft)322.028 307.2 S .563(he \214le system, has been superseded by the)331.2 307.2 R F172 319.2 Q F0 .494(option to the)2.994 F F1(set)2.994 E F0 -.2 (bu)2.994 G .494(iltin \(equi).2 F -.25(va)-.25 G .494(lent to).25 F F1 .494 (set -o ph)2.994 F(ysical)-.15 E F0 .493(\); the v)B .493 (ariable is retained for backw)-.25 F .493(ards compati-)-.1 F(bility)72 331.2 Q 5.196(.T)-.65 G .196(he v)106.276 331.2 R .196(ersion string contained in) -.15 F F1($B)2.696 E(ASH_VERSION)-.3 E F0(no)2.696 E 2.696(wi)-.25 G .196 (ncludes an indication of the patch le)335.558 331.2 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.696(la) .15 G(s)500.11 331.2 Q .665(well as the `)72 343.2 R(`b)-.74 E .665(uild v)-.2 F(ersion')-.15 E 3.165('. Some)-.74 F .665(little-used features ha)3.165 F .965 -.15(ve b)-.2 H .665(een remo).15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.165(d: the).15 F F1(by) 3.165 E(e)-.1 E F0(synon)3.165 E .665(ym for)-.15 F F1(exit)3.165 E F0(and) 3.165 E(the)72 355.2 Q F1($NO_PR)3.498 E(OMPT_V)-.3 E(ARS)-1.35 E F0 -.25(va) 3.498 G .998(riable are gone.).25 F .998(There is no)5.998 F 3.498(wa)-.25 G 3.498(no)331.114 355.2 S -2.19 -.18(rg a)344.612 355.2 T .998 (nized test suite that can be run as a).18 F(re)72 367.2 Q (gression test when b)-.15 E(uilding a ne)-.2 E 2.5(wv)-.25 G(ersion of Bash.) 222.34 367.2 Q 1.696(The documentation has been thoroughly o)97 382.8 R -.15 (ve)-.15 G 1.696(rhauled: there is a ne).15 F 4.196(wm)-.25 G 1.695 (anual page on the readline)392.25 382.8 R .467(library and the)72 394.8 R F3 (info)2.967 E F0 .467(\214le has been updated to re\215ect the current v)2.967 F 2.968(ersion. As)-.15 F(al)2.968 E -.1(wa)-.1 G .468(ys, as man).1 F 2.968 (yb)-.15 G .468(ugs as possi-)451.954 394.8 R(ble ha)72 406.8 Q .3 -.15(ve b) -.2 H(een \214x).15 E(ed, although some surely remain.)-.15 E F1 2.5 (5.2. Other)72 430.8 R -.25(Fe)2.5 G(atur).25 E(es)-.18 E F0 1.68 (There are a fe)97 446.4 R 4.18(wf)-.25 G 1.68 (eatures that I hope to include in later Bash releases.)171.76 446.4 R 1.68 (Some are based on w)6.68 F(ork)-.1 E(already done in other shells.)72 458.4 Q .958(In addition to simple v)97 474 R .959 (ariables, a future release of Bash will include one-dimensional arrays, using) -.25 F .206(the ksh implementation of arrays as a model.)72 486 R .205 (Additions to the ksh syntax, such as)5.205 F F3(varname)2.705 E F0 .205 (=\( ... \) to assign)B 2.587(al)72 498 S .087(ist of w)81.807 498 R .088 (ords directly to an array and a mechanism to allo)-.1 F 2.588(wt)-.25 G(he) 320.248 498 Q F1 -.18(re)2.588 G(ad).18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.588 G .088 (iltin to read a list of v).2 F .088(alues directly)-.25 F .092(into an array) 72 510 R 2.592(,w)-.65 G .092(ould be desirable.)134.286 510 R(Gi)5.092 E -.15 (ve)-.25 G 2.592(nt).15 G .092(hose e)239.794 510 R .092(xtensions, the ksh) -.15 F F1 .092(set \255A)2.592 F F0 .091(syntax may not be w)2.591 F .091 (orth support-)-.1 F(ing \(the)72 522 Q F12.5 E F0 (option assigns a list of v)2.5 E(alues to an array)-.25 E 2.5(,b)-.65 G (ut is a rather peculiar special case\).)292.41 522 Q .76 (Some shells include a means of)97 537.6 R F3(pr)3.26 E -.1(og)-.45 G -.15(ra) .1 G(mmable).15 E F0 -.1(wo)3.26 G .76 (rd completion, where the user speci\214es on a per).1 F(-)-.2 E .163 (command basis ho)72 549.6 R 2.663(wt)-.25 G .163(he ar)159.179 549.6 R .163(g\ uments of the command are to be treated when completion is attempted: as \214l\ e-)-.18 F .194(names, hostnames, e)72 561.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .194 (cutable \214les, and so on.).15 F .195 (The other aspects of the current Bash implementation could)5.195 F .482 (remain as-is; the e)72 573.6 R .482(xisting heuristics w)-.15 F .481 (ould still be v)-.1 F 2.981(alid. Only)-.25 F .481(when completing the ar) 2.981 F .481(guments to a simple)-.18 F(command w)72 585.6 Q (ould the programmable completion be in ef)-.1 E(fect.)-.25 E .479(It w)97 601.2 R .479(ould also be nice to gi)-.1 F .779 -.15(ve t)-.25 H .479 (he user \214ner).15 F .479(-grained control o)-.2 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.98(rw).15 G .48(hich commands are sa)363.92 601.2 R -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.98(do).15 G .48 (nto the)476.02 601.2 R 1.786(history list.)72 613.2 R 1.786 (One proposal is for a v)6.786 F 1.786(ariable, tentati)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.786(ly named).15 F F1(HISTIGNORE)4.286 E F0 4.285(,w)C 1.785(hich w)415.145 613.2 R 1.785(ould contain a)-.1 F .496(colon-separated list of commands.)72 625.2 R .496(Lines be)5.496 F .496 (ginning with these commands, after the restrictions of)-.15 F F1($HIST)2.997 E (-)-.92 E(CONTR)72 637.2 Q(OL)-.3 E F0(ha)2.65 E .45 -.15(ve b)-.2 H .15 (een applied, w).15 F .15(ould not be placed onto the history list.)-.1 F .15 (The shell pattern-matching capa-)5.15 F(bilities could also be a)72 649.2 Q -.25(va)-.2 G(ilable when specifying the contents of).25 E F1($HISTIGNORE)2.5 E F0(.)A .729(One thing that ne)97 664.8 R .729(wer shells such as)-.25 F F1 (wksh)3.229 E F0 .729(\(also kno)3.229 F .729(wn as)-.25 F F1(dtksh)3.23 E F0 3.23(\)p)C(ro)370.79 664.8 Q .73(vide is a command to dynami-)-.15 F 1.189 (cally load code implementing additional b)72 676.8 R 1.189 (uiltin commands into a running shell.)-.2 F 1.188(This ne)6.188 F 3.688(wb) -.25 G 1.188(uiltin w)454.292 676.8 R(ould)-.1 E(tak)72 688.8 Q 2.69(ea)-.1 G 2.69(no)95.69 688.8 S .19(bject \214le or shared library implementing the `) 108.38 688.8 R(`body')-.74 E 2.69('o)-.74 G 2.69(ft)327.83 688.8 S .19(he b) 336.63 688.8 R .19(uiltin \()-.2 F F3(xxx_b)A(uiltin\(\))-.2 E F0 .19 (for those f)2.69 F(amiliar)-.1 E .052 (with Bash internals\) and a structure containing the name of the ne)72 700.8 R 2.552(wc)-.25 G .051(ommand, the function to call when the)349.544 700.8 R(ne) 72 712.8 Q 3.458(wb)-.25 G .958(uiltin is in)96.668 712.8 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1 (ke).2 G 3.458(d\().1 G .959 (presumably de\214ned in the shared object speci\214ed as an ar)169.682 712.8 R .959(gument\), and the docu-)-.18 F 1.352(mentation to be printed by the)72 724.8 R F1(help)3.851 E F0 1.351 (command \(possibly present in the shared object as well\).)3.851 F 1.351(It w) 6.351 F(ould)-.1 E EP %%Page: 10 10 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF 2.5(-1)277.17 48 S 2.5(0-)288 48 S (manage the details of e)72 84 Q(xtending the internal table of b)-.15 E (uiltins.)-.2 E 3.291(Af)97 99.6 S 1.291 -.25(ew o)110.841 99.6 T .791(ther b) .25 F .791(uiltins w)-.2 F .791(ould also be desirable: tw)-.1 F 3.291(oa)-.1 G .791(re the POSIX.2)307.609 99.6 R/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(getconf)3.292 E F0 .792(command, which prints)3.292 F 1.412(the v)72 111.6 R 1.412 (alues of system con\214guration v)-.25 F 1.411 (ariables de\214ned by POSIX.2, and a)-.25 F F1(diso)3.911 E(wn)-.1 E F0 -.2 (bu)3.911 G 1.411(iltin, which causes a).2 F 1.173 (shell running with job control acti)72 123.6 R 1.473 -.15(ve t)-.25 H 3.673 (o`).15 G(`for)240.45 123.6 Q 1.173(get about')-.18 F 3.673('o)-.74 G 1.173 (ne or more background jobs in its internal jobs)307.966 123.6 R 3.465 (table. Using)72 135.6 R F1(getconf)3.465 E F0 3.465(,f)C .965(or e)167.655 135.6 R .965(xample, a user could retrie)-.15 F 1.264 -.15(ve a v)-.25 H .964 (alue for)-.1 F F1($P)3.464 E -.95(AT)-.74 G(H).95 E F0 .964 (guaranteed to \214nd all of the)3.464 F .884 (POSIX standard utilities, or \214nd out ho)72 147.6 R 3.385(wl)-.25 G .885 (ong \214lenames may be in the \214le system containing a speci\214ed)247.39 147.6 R(directory)72 159.6 Q(.)-.65 E 1.521 (There are no implementation timetables for an)97 175.2 R 4.021(yo)-.15 G 4.021 (ft)305.517 175.2 S 1.52(hese features, nor are there concrete plans to)315.648 175.2 R(include them.)72 187.2 Q(If an)5 E (yone has comments on these proposals, feel free to send me electronic mail.) -.15 E F1 2.5(6. Re\215ections)72 211.2 R(and Lessons Lear)2.5 E(ned)-.15 E F0 .433(The lesson that has been repeated most often during Bash de)97 226.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G .433(lopment is that there are dark corners).15 F .093 (in the Bourne Shell, and people use all of them.)72 238.8 R .092 (In the original description of the Bourne shell, quoting and)5.093 F .073(the\ shell grammar are both poorly speci\214ed and incomplete; subsequent descript\ ions ha)72 250.8 R .373 -.15(ve n)-.2 H .073(ot helped much.).15 F 1.856 (The grammar presented in Bourne')72 262.8 R 4.356(sp)-.55 G 1.856 (aper describing the shell distrib)232.64 262.8 R 1.855(uted with the Se)-.2 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.855(nth Edition of).15 F/F2 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(UNIX)72 274.8 Q F0 2.5<8769>C 2.5(ss)104.771 274.8 S 2.5(of)115.051 274.8 S(ar of)125.781 274.8 Q 2.5(ft)-.25 G(hat it does not allo)152.741 274.8 Q 2.5(wt)-.25 G(he command) 238.881 274.8 Q/F3 10/Courier@0 SF(who|wc)2.5 E F0 5(.I)C 2.5(nf)339.591 274.8 S(act, as T)350.321 274.8 Q(om Duf)-.8 E 2.5(fs)-.25 G(tates:)423.421 274.8 Q 1.375(Nobody really kno)97 290.4 R 1.375(ws what the Bourne shell')-.25 F 3.875 (sg)-.55 G 1.375(rammar is.)296.635 290.4 R(Ev)6.376 E 1.376(en e)-.15 F 1.376 (xamination of the source)-.15 F(code is little help.\210)97 302.4 Q .382 (The POSIX.2 standard includes a)72 318 R/F4 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(yacc)2.882 E F0 .382(grammar that comes close to capturing the Bourne shell')2.882 F 2.882 (sb)-.55 G(eha)472.11 318 Q(vior)-.2 E(,)-.4 E -.2(bu)72 330 S 3.246(ti).2 G 3.246(td)90.606 330 S(isallo)101.632 330 Q .747(ws some constructs which sh ac\ cepts without complaint \255 and there are scripts out there that)-.25 F .501 (use them.)72 342 R .501(It took a fe)5.501 F 3.001(wv)-.25 G .501 (ersions and se)176.256 342 R -.15(ve)-.25 G .501(ral b).15 F .5 (ug reports before Bash implemented sh-compatible quoting,)-.2 F .094 (and there are still some `)72 354 R(`le)-.74 E -.05(ga)-.15 G(l').05 E 2.594 ('s)-.74 G 2.594(hc)205.294 354 S .094 (onstructs which Bash \215ags as syntax errors.)217.328 354 R .095 (Complete sh compatibility)5.095 F(is a tough nut.)72 366 Q 1.231 (The shell is bigger and slo)97 381.6 R 1.231(wer than I w)-.25 F 1.231 (ould lik)-.1 F 1.23(e, though the current v)-.1 F 1.23 (ersion is substantially f)-.15 F(aster)-.1 E .086(than pre)72 393.6 R(viously) -.25 E 5.086(.T)-.65 G .087(he readline library could stand a substantial re) 146.822 393.6 R 2.587(write. A)-.25 F .087(hand-written parser to replace the) 2.587 F(current)72 405.6 Q F4(yacc)2.978 E F0 .478(-generated one w)B .477 (ould probably result in a speedup, and w)-.1 F .477(ould solv)-.1 F 2.977(eo) -.15 G .477(ne glaring problem:)406.469 405.6 R(the)5.477 E .199 (shell could parse commands in `)72 417.6 R(`$\(...\)')-.74 E 2.699('c)-.74 G .199(onstructs as the)236.954 417.6 R 2.699(ya)-.15 G .2 (re entered, rather than reporting errors when the)311.001 417.6 R (construct is e)72 429.6 Q(xpanded.)-.15 E 1.064(As al)97 445.2 R -.1(wa)-.1 G 1.064(ys, there is some chaf).1 F 3.564(ft)-.25 G 3.564(og)230.404 445.2 S 3.564(ow)243.968 445.2 S 1.064(ith the wheat.)259.752 445.2 R 1.063 (Areas of duplicated functionality need to be)6.063 F .382(cleaned up.)72 457.2 R .382(There are se)5.382 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .382 (ral cases where Bash treats a v).15 F .382 (ariable specially to enable functionality a)-.25 F -.25(va)-.2 G(ilable).25 E .185(another w)72 469.2 R .185(ay \()-.1 F F1($notify)A F0(vs.)2.684 E F1 .184 (set -o notify)5.184 F F0(and)2.684 E F1($nolinks)2.684 E F0(vs.)2.684 E F1 .184(set -o ph)2.684 F(ysical)-.15 E F0 2.684(,f)C .184 (or instance\); the special treatment)368.294 469.2 R 3.421(of the v)72 481.2 R 3.421(ariable name should probably be remo)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 5.921(d. A).15 F(fe)5.921 E 5.921(wm)-.25 G 3.422(ore things could stand remo)346.47 481.2 R -.25(va)-.15 G 3.422(l; the).25 F F1($allo)72 493.2 Q(w_null_glob_expansion)-.1 E F0(and)4.112 E F1($glob_dot_\214lenames)4.112 E F0 -.25(va)4.111 G 1.611 (riables are of particularly questionable v).25 F(alue.)-.25 E(The)72 505.2 Q F1($[...])3.977 E F0 1.477(arithmetic e)3.977 F -.25(va)-.25 G 1.478 (luation syntax is redundant no).25 F 3.978(wt)-.25 G 1.478 (hat the POSIX-mandated)312.76 505.2 R F1($\(\(...\)\))3.978 E F0 1.478 (construct has)3.978 F .326(been implemented, and could be deleted.)72 517.2 R .326(It w)5.326 F .326(ould be nice if the te)-.1 F .326(xt output by the)-.15 F F1(help)2.825 E F0 -.2(bu)2.825 G .325(iltin were e).2 F(xter)-.15 E(-)-.2 E .061(nal to the shell rather than compiled into it.)72 529.2 R .062(The beha) 5.062 F .062(vior enabled by)-.2 F F1($command_oriented_history)2.562 E F0 2.562(,w)C(hich)486.78 529.2 Q 1.125(causes the shell to attempt to sa)72 541.2 R 1.424 -.15(ve a)-.2 H 1.124 (ll lines of a multi-line command in a single history entry).15 F 3.624(,s)-.65 G 1.124(hould be)468.156 541.2 R(made the def)72 553.2 Q(ault and the v)-.1 E (ariable remo)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(d.).15 E F1 2.5(7. A)72 577.2 R -.1(va)-1 G (ilability).1 E F0 8.538(As with all other GNU softw)97 592.8 R 8.538 (are, Bash is a)-.1 F -.25(va)-.2 G 8.539(ilable for anon).25 F 8.539 (ymous FTP from)-.15 F F4(pr)72 604.8 Q(ep.ai.mit.edu:/pub/gnu)-.37 E F0 4.552 (and from other GNU softw)8.718 F 4.552(are mirror sites.)-.1 F 4.552 (The current v)9.552 F 4.552(ersion is in)-.15 F F4(bash-1.14.1.tar)72 616.8 Q (.gz)-1.11 E F0 .074(in that directory)4.24 F 5.075(.U)-.65 G(se)226.084 616.8 Q F4(ar)2.575 E -.15(ch)-.37 G(ie).15 E F0 .075(to \214nd the nearest archi) 4.241 F .375 -.15(ve s)-.25 H 2.575(ite. The).15 F .075(latest v)2.575 F .075 (ersion is al)-.15 F -.1(wa)-.1 G(ys).1 E -.2(av)72 628.8 S 3.659 (ailable for FTP from)-.05 F F4(bash.CWR)6.159 E -.25(U.)-.4 G(Edu:/pub/dist.) .25 E F0 3.658(Bash documentation is a)7.825 F -.25(va)-.2 G 3.658 (ilable for FTP from).25 F F4(bash.CWR)72 640.8 Q -.25(U.)-.4 G(Edu:/pub/bash.) .25 E F0 1.168(The Free Softw)97 656.4 R 1.168(are F)-.1 F 1.168 (oundation sells tapes and CD-R)-.15 F 1.169 (OMs containing Bash; send electronic mail to)-.4 F F3(gnu@prep.ai.mit.edu)72 668.4 Q F0(or call)2.5 E F3(+1-617-876-3296)2.5 E F0(for more information.)2.5 E .32 LW 76 678.4 72 678.4 DL 80 678.4 76 678.4 DL 84 678.4 80 678.4 DL 88 678.4 84 678.4 DL 92 678.4 88 678.4 DL 96 678.4 92 678.4 DL 100 678.4 96 678.4 DL 104 678.4 100 678.4 DL 108 678.4 104 678.4 DL 112 678.4 108 678.4 DL 116 678.4 112 678.4 DL 120 678.4 116 678.4 DL 124 678.4 120 678.4 DL 128 678.4 124 678.4 DL 132 678.4 128 678.4 DL 136 678.4 132 678.4 DL 140 678.4 136 678.4 DL 144 678.4 140 678.4 DL/F5 8/Times-Roman@0 SF 1.39(\207S. R. Bourne, `)72 688.4 R 1.389(`UNIX T)-.592 F 1.389(ime-Sharing System:)-.28 F 1.389(The UNIX Shell') 5.389 F(',)-.592 E/F6 8/Times-Italic@0 SF 1.389(Bell System T)3.389 F(ec)-.736 E 1.389(hnical J)-.12 F(ournal)-.2 E F5 3.389(,5)C 1.389(7\(6\), July-August,) 408.171 688.4 R(1978, pp. 1971-1990.)72 698.4 Q<8854>72 708.4 Q .684(om Duf) -.64 F .684(f, `)-.2 F .684(`Rc \255 A Shell for Plan 9 and)-.592 F/F7 7 /Times-Roman@0 SF(UNIX)2.684 E F5(systems')2.684 E(',)-.592 E F6(Pr)2.684 E .684(oc. of the Summer 1990 EUUG Confer)-.36 F(ence)-.296 E F5 2.685(,L)C .685 (ondon, July)428.499 708.4 R(,)-.52 E(1990, pp. 21-33.)72 718.4 Q EP %%Page: 11 11 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF 2.5(-1)277.17 48 S 2.5(1-)288 48 S .695 (Bash is also distrib)97 84 R .694(uted with se)-.2 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .694 (ral v).15 F .694(ersions of)-.15 F/F1 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(UNIX)3.194 E F0 .694 (-compatible systems.)B .694(It is included as /bin/sh)5.694 F .948 (and /bin/bash on se)72 96 R -.15(ve)-.25 G .948(ral Linux distrib).15 F .948 (utions \(more about the dif)-.2 F .948(ference in a moment\), and as contrib) -.25 F(uted)-.2 E(softw)72 108 Q(are in BSDI')-.1 E 2.5(sB)-.55 G (SD/386* and FreeBSD.)157.73 108 Q .599(The Linux distrib)97 123.6 R .599 (ution deserv)-.2 F .599(es special mention.)-.15 F .598(There are tw)5.599 F 3.098(oc)-.1 G .598(on\214gurations included in the stan-)364.948 123.6 R .547 (dard Bash distrib)72 135.6 R .547(ution: a `)-.2 F(`normal')-.74 E 3.047('c) -.74 G .548 (on\214guration, in which all of the standard features are included, and a) 222.755 135.6 R -.74(``)72 147.6 S(minimal').74 E 2.792('c)-.74 G .292(on\214g\ uration, which omits job control, aliases, history and command line editing, t\ he directory)124.412 147.6 R .747(stack and)72 159.6 R/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF (pushd/popd/dirs,)3.247 E F0 .747 (process substitution, prompt string special character decoding, and the)3.247 F/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(select)3.247 E F0 3.369(construct. This)72 171.6 R .869(minimal v)3.369 F .869 (ersion is designed to be a drop-in replacement for the traditional)-.15 F F1 (UNIX)3.368 E F0(/bin/sh,)3.368 E(and is included as the Linux /bin/sh in se)72 183.6 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(ral packagings.).15 E F2 2.5(8. Conclusion)72 207.6 R F0 .8(Bash is a w)97 223.2 R(orth)-.1 E 3.3(ys)-.05 G .8(uccessor to sh.)173.379 223.2 R .8(It is suf)5.8 F .8(\214ciently portable to run on nearly e)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .8(ry v).15 F .8(ersion of)-.15 F F1(UNIX)3.3 E F0 .311 (from 4.3 BSD to SVR4.2, and se)72 235.2 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(ral).15 E F1(UNIX) 2.811 E F0 -.1(wo)2.811 G(rkalik).1 E 2.811(es. It)-.1 F .31(is rob)2.81 F .31 (ust enough to replace sh on most of those)-.2 F 1.515(systems, and pro)72 247.2 R 1.515(vides more functionality)-.15 F 6.515(.I)-.65 G 4.015(th)254.315 247.2 S 1.515(as se)266.11 247.2 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.515(ral thousand re).15 F 1.515(gular users, and their feedback has)-.15 F(helped to mak)72 259.2 Q 2.5 (ei)-.1 G 2.5(ta)138.28 259.2 S 2.5(sg)148 259.2 S (ood as it is today \255 a testament to the bene\214ts of free softw)159.39 259.2 Q(are.)-.1 E .32 LW 76 698 72 698 DL 80 698 76 698 DL 84 698 80 698 DL 88 698 84 698 DL 92 698 88 698 DL 96 698 92 698 DL 100 698 96 698 DL 104 698 100 698 DL 108 698 104 698 DL 112 698 108 698 DL 116 698 112 698 DL 120 698 116 698 DL 124 698 120 698 DL 128 698 124 698 DL 132 698 128 698 DL 136 698 132 698 DL 140 698 136 698 DL 144 698 140 698 DL/F4 8/Times-Roman@0 SF (*BSD/386 is a trademark of Berk)72 708 Q(ele)-.08 E 2(yS)-.12 G(oftw)198.896 708 Q(are Design, Inc.)-.08 E EP %%Trailer end %%EOF bash-1.14.3/documentation/article.txt 664 436 0 135542 5612567350 15773 0ustar chetwheel Bash - The GNU shell* Chet Ramey Case Western Reserve University chet@po.cwru.edu _1. _I_n_t_r_o_d_u_c_t_i_o_n _B_a_s_h is the shell, or command language interpreter, that will appear in the GNU operating system. The name is an acronym for the "Bourne-Again SHell", a pun on Steve Bourne, the author of the direct ancestor of the current UNIX|- shell /_b_i_n/_s_h, which appeared in the Seventh Edition Bell Labs Research version of UNIX. Bash is an sh-compatible shell that incorporates useful features from the Korn shell (ksh) and the C shell (csh), described later in this article. It is ultimately intended to be a conformant implementation of the IEEE POSIX Shell and Utilities specification (IEEE Working Group 1003.2). It offers functional improvements over sh for both interactive and programming use. While the GNU operating system will most likely include a version of the Berkeley shell csh, Bash will be the default shell. Like other GNU software, Bash is quite port- able. It currently runs on nearly every version of UNIX and a few other operating systems - an independently-supported port exists for OS/2, and there are rumors of ports to DOS and Windows NT. Ports to UNIX-like systems such as QNX and Minix are part of the distribution. The original author of Bash was Brian Fox, an employee of the Free Software Foundation. The current developer and maintainer is Chet Ramey, a volunteer who works at Case Western Reserve University. _2. _W_h_a_t'_s _P_O_S_I_X, _a_n_y_w_a_y? _P_O_S_I_X is a name originally coined by Richard Stallman _________________________ *An earlier version of this article appeared in The Linux Journal. |- UNIX is a trademark of Bell Laboratories. July 18, 1994 - 2 - for a family of open system standards based on UNIX. There are a number of aspects of UNIX under consideration for standardization, from the basic system services at the sys- tem call and C library level to applications and tools to system administration and management. Each area of stan- dardization is assigned to a working group in the 1003 series. The POSIX Shell and Utilities standard has been developed by IEEE Working Group 1003.2 (POSIX.2).|= It con- centrates on the command interpreter interface and utility programs commonly executed from the command line or by other programs. An initial version of the standard has been approved and published by the IEEE, and work is currently underway to update it. There are four primary areas of work in the 1003.2 standard: o+ Aspects of the shell's syntax and command language. A number of special builtins such as _c_d and _e_x_e_c are being specified as part of the shell, since their func- tionality usually cannot be implemented by a separate executable; o+ A set of utilities to be called by shell scripts and applications. Examples are programs like _s_e_d, _t_r, and _a_w_k. Utilities commonly implemented as shell builtins are described in this section, such as _t_e_s_t and _k_i_l_l. An expansion of this section's scope, termed the User Portability Extension, or UPE, has standardized interactive programs such as _v_i and _m_a_i_l_x; o+ A group of functional interfaces to services provided by the shell, such as the traditional system() C library function. There are functions to perform shell word expansions, perform filename expansion (_g_l_o_b_b_i_n_g), obtain values of POSIX.2 system configuration vari- ables, retrieve values of environment variables (getenv()), _a_n_d _o_t_h_e_r _s_e_r_v_i_c_e_s; o+ A suite of "development" utilities such as _c_8_9 (the POSIX.2 version of _c_c), and _y_a_c_c. Bash is concerned with the aspects of the shell's behavior defined by POSIX.2. The shell command language has of course been standardized, including the basic flow con- trol and program execution constructs, I/O redirection and pipelining, argument handling, variable expansion, and quot- ing. The _s_p_e_c_i_a_l builtins, which must be implemented as part of the shell to provide the desired functionality, are _________________________ |=IEEE, _I_E_E_E _S_t_a_n_d_a_r_d _f_o_r _I_n_f_o_r_m_a_t_i_o_n _T_e_c_h_n_o_l_o_g_y -- _P_o_r_t_a_b_l_e _O_p_e_r_a_t_i_n_g _S_y_s_t_e_m _I_n_t_e_r_f_a_c_e (_P_O_S_I_X) _P_a_r_t _2: _S_h_e_l_l _a_n_d _U_t_i_l_i_t_i_e_s, 1992. July 18, 1994 - 3 - specified as being part of the shell; examples of these are _e_v_a_l and _e_x_p_o_r_t. Other utilities appear in the sections of POSIX.2 not devoted to the shell which are commonly (and in some cases must be) implemented as builtin commands, such as _r_e_a_d and _t_e_s_t. POSIX.2 also specifies aspects of the shell's interactive behavior as part of the UPE, including job control and command line editing. Interestingly enough, only _v_i-style line editing commands have been standardized; _e_m_a_c_s editing commands were left out due to objections. While POSIX.2 includes much of what the shell has trad- itionally provided, some important things have been omitted as being "beyond its scope." There is, for instance, no mention of a difference between a _l_o_g_i_n shell and any other interactive shell (since POSIX.2 does not specify a login program). No fixed startup files are defined, either - the standard does not mention ._p_r_o_f_i_l_e. _3. _B_a_s_i_c _B_a_s_h _f_e_a_t_u_r_e_s Since the Bourne shell provides Bash with most of its philosophical underpinnings, Bash inherits most of its features and functionality from sh. Bash implements all of the traditional sh flow control constructs (_f_o_r, _i_f, _w_h_i_l_e, etc.). All of the Bourne shell builtins, including those not specified in the POSIX.2 standard, appear in Bash. Shell _f_u_n_c_t_i_o_n_s, introduced in the SVR2 version of the Bourne shell, are similar to shell scripts, but are defined using a special syntax and are executed in the same process as the calling shell. Bash has shell functions which behave in a fashion upward-compatible with sh functions. There are certain shell variables that Bash interprets in the same way as sh, such as _P_S_1, _I_F_S, and _P_A_T_H. Bash implements essen- tially the same grammar, parameter and variable expansion semantics, redirection, and quoting as the Bourne shell. Where differences appear between the POSIX.2 standard and traditional sh behavior, Bash follows POSIX. The Korn Shell (ksh) is a descendent of the Bourne shell written at AT&T Bell Laboratories by David Korn|-. It provides a number of useful features that POSIX and Bash have adopted. Many of the interactive facilities in POSIX.2 have their roots in the ksh: for example, the POSIX and ksh job control facilities are nearly identical. Bash includes features from the Korn Shell for both interactive use and shell programming. For programming, Bash provides variables such as _R_A_N_D_O_M and _R_E_P_L_Y, the _t_y_p_e_s_e_t builtin, the ability to remove substrings from variables based on patterns, and shell arithmetic. _R_A_N_D_O_M expands to a random number each time it is referenced; assigning a value to _R_A_N_D_O_M seeds the _________________________ |-Morris Bolsky and David Korn, _T_h_e _K_o_r_n_S_h_e_l_l _C_o_m_m_a_n_d _a_n_d _P_r_o_g_r_a_m_m_i_n_g _L_a_n_g_u_a_g_e, Prentice Hall, 1989. July 18, 1994 - 4 - random number generator. _R_E_P_L_Y is the default variable used by the _r_e_a_d builtin when no variable names are supplied as arguments. The _t_y_p_e_s_e_t builtin is used to define variables and give them attributes such as readonly. Bash arithmetic allows the evaluation of an expression and the substitution of the result. Shell variables may be used as operands, and the result of an expression may be assigned to a variable. Nearly all of the operators from the C language are avail- able, with the same precedence rules: 9 $ echo $((3 + 5 * 32)) 163 9 For interactive use, Bash implements ksh-style aliases and builtins such as _f_c (discussed below) and _j_o_b_s. Bash aliases allow a string to be substituted for a command name. They can be used to create a mnemonic for a UNIX command name (alias del=rm), to expand a single word to a complex command (alias news='xterm -g 80x45 -title trn -e trn -e -S1 -N &'), or to ensure that a command is invoked with a basic set of options (alias ls="/bin/ls -F"). The C shell (csh)|-, originally written by Bill Joy while at Berkeley, is widely used and quite popular for its interactive facilities. Bash includes a csh-compatible his- tory expansion mechanism ("! history"), brace expansion, access to a stack of directories via the _p_u_s_h_d, _p_o_p_d, and _d_i_r_s builtins, and tilde expansion, to generate users' home directories. Tilde expansion has also been adopted by both the Korn Shell and POSIX.2. There were certain areas in which POSIX.2 felt stan- dardization was necessary, but no existing implementation provided the proper behavior. The working group invented and standardized functionality in these areas, which Bash implements. The _c_o_m_m_a_n_d builtin was invented so that shell functions could be written to replace builtins; it makes the capabilities of the builtin available to the function. The reserved word "!" was added to negate the return value of a command or pipeline; it was nearly impossible to express "if not x" cleanly using the sh language. There exist multiple incompatible implementations of the _t_e_s_t builtin, which tests files for type and other attributes and performs arithmetic and string comparisons. POSIX considered none of these correct, so the standard behavior was specified in terms of the number of arguments to the command. POSIX.2 dictates exactly what will happen when four or fewer argu- ments are given to _t_e_s_t, and leaves the behavior undefined when more arguments are supplied. Bash uses the POSIX.2 _________________________ |-Bill Joy, An Introduction to the C Shell, _U_N_I_X _U_s_e_r'_s _S_u_p_p_l_e_m_e_n_t_a_r_y _D_o_c_u_m_e_n_t_s, University of California at Berkeley, 1986. July 18, 1994 - 5 - algorithm, which was conceived by David Korn. _3._1. _F_e_a_t_u_r_e_s _n_o_t _i_n _t_h_e _B_o_u_r_n_e _S_h_e_l_l There are a number of minor differences between Bash and the version of sh present on most other versions of UNIX. The majority of these are due to the POSIX standard, but some are the result of Bash adopting features from other shells. For instance, Bash includes the new "!" reserved word, the _c_o_m_m_a_n_d builtin, the ability of the _r_e_a_d builtin to correctly return a line ending with a backslash, symbolic arguments to the _u_m_a_s_k builtin, variable substring removal, a way to get the length of a variable, and the new algorithm for the _t_e_s_t builtin from the POSIX.2 standard, none of which appear in sh. Bash also implements the "$(...)" command substitution syntax, which supersedes the sh `...` construct. The "$(...)" construct expands to the output of the command con- tained within the parentheses, with trailing newlines removed. The sh syntax is accepted for backwards compati- bility, but the "$(...)" form is preferred because its quot- ing rules are much simpler and it is easier to nest. The Bourne shell does not provide such features as brace expansion, the ability to define a variable and a function with the same name, local variables in shell func- tions, the ability to enable and disable individual builtins or write a function to replace a builtin, or a means to export a shell function to a child process. Bash has closed a long-standing shell security hole by not using the $_I_F_S variable to split each word read by the shell, but splitting only the results of expansion (ksh and the 4.4 BSD sh have fixed this as well). Useful behavior such as a means to abort execution of a script read with the "." command using the return builtin or automatically exporting variables in the shell's environment to children is also not present in the Bourne shell. Bash provides a much more powerful environment for both interactive use and programming. _4. _B_a_s_h-_s_p_e_c_i_f_i_c _F_e_a_t_u_r_e_s This section details a few of the features which make Bash unique. Most of them provide improved interactive use, but a few programming improvements are present as well. Full descriptions of these features can be found in the Bash documentation. _4._1. _S_t_a_r_t_u_p _F_i_l_e_s Bash executes startup files differently than other shells. The Bash behavior is a compromise between the csh July 18, 1994 - 6 - principle of startup files with fixed names executed for each shell and the sh "minimalist" behavior. An interactive instance of Bash started as a login shell reads and executes ~/._b_a_s_h__p_r_o_f_i_l_e (the file .bash_profile in the user's home directory), if it exists. An interactive non-login shell reads and executes ~/._b_a_s_h_r_c. A non-interactive shell (one begun to execute a shell script, for example) reads no fixed startup file, but uses the value of the variable $_E_N_V, if set, as the name of a startup file. The ksh practice of reading $_E_N_V for every shell, with the accompanying diffi- culty of defining the proper variables and functions for interactive and non-interactive shells or having the file read only for interactive shells, was considered too com- plex. Ease of use won out here. Interestingly, the next release of ksh will change to reading $_E_N_V only for interac- tive shells. _4._2. _N_e_w _B_u_i_l_t_i_n _C_o_m_m_a_n_d_s There are a few builtins which are new or have been extended in Bash. The _e_n_a_b_l_e builtin allows builtin com- mands to be turned on and off arbitrarily. To use the ver- sion of _e_c_h_o found in a user's search path rather than the Bash builtin, enable -n echo suffices. The _h_e_l_p builtin provides quick synopses of the shell facilities without requiring access to a manual page. _B_u_i_l_t_i_n is similar to _c_o_m_m_a_n_d in that it bypasses shell functions and directly executes builtin commands. Access to a csh-style stack of directories is provided via the _p_u_s_h_d, _p_o_p_d, and _d_i_r_s buil- tins. _P_u_s_h_d and _p_o_p_d insert and remove directories from the stack, respectively, and _d_i_r_s lists the stack contents. On systems that allow fine-grained control of resources, the _u_l_i_m_i_t builtin can be used to tune these settings. _U_l_i_m_i_t allows a user to control, among other things, whether core dumps are to be generated, how much memory the shell or a child process is allowed to allocate, and how large a file created by a child process can grow. The _s_u_s_p_e_n_d command will stop the shell process when job control is active; most other shells do not allow themselves to be stopped like that. _T_y_p_e, the Bash answer to _w_h_i_c_h and _w_h_e_n_c_e, shows what will happen when a word is typed as a command: 9 $ type export export is a shell builtin $ type -t export builtin $ type bash bash is /bin/bash $ type cd cd is a function cd () { builtin cd ${1+"$@"} && xtitle $HOST: $PWD } 9 July 18, 1994 - 7 - Various modes tell what a command word is (reserved word, alias, function, builtin, or file) or which version of a command will be executed based on a user's search path. Some of this functionality has been adopted by POSIX.2 and folded into the _c_o_m_m_a_n_d utility. _4._3. _E_d_i_t_i_n_g _a_n_d _C_o_m_p_l_e_t_i_o_n One area in which Bash shines is command line editing. Bash uses the _r_e_a_d_l_i_n_e library to read and edit lines when interactive. Readline is a powerful and flexible input facility that a user can configure to individual tastes. It allows lines to be edited using either emacs or vi commands, where those commands are appropriate. The full capability of emacs is not present - there is no way to execute a named command with M-x, for instance - but the existing commands are more than adequate. The vi mode is compliant with the command line editing standardized by POSIX.2. Readline is fully customizable. In addition to the basic commands and key bindings, the library allows users to define additional key bindings using a startup file. The _i_n_p_u_t_r_c file, which defaults to the file ~/._i_n_p_u_t_r_c, is read each time readline initializes, permitting users to maintain a consistent interface across a set of programs. Readline includes an extensible interface, so each program using the library can add its own bindable commands and program- specific key bindings. Bash uses this facility to add bind- ings that perform history expansion or shell word expansions on the current input line. Readline interprets a number of variables which further tune its behavior. Variables exist to control whether or not eight-bit characters are directly read as input or con- verted to meta-prefixed key sequences (a meta-prefixed key sequence consists of the character with the eighth bit zeroed, preceded by the _m_e_t_a-_p_r_e_f_i_x character, usually escape, which selects an alternate keymap), to decide whether to output characters with the eighth bit set directly or as a meta-prefixed key sequence, whether or not to wrap to a new screen line when a line being edited is longer than the screen width, the keymap to which subsequent key bindings should apply, or even what happens when read- line wants to ring the terminal's bell. All of these vari- ables can be set in the inputrc file. The startup file understands a set of C preprocessor- like conditional constructs which allow variables or key bindings to be assigned based on the application using read- line, the terminal currently being used, or the editing mode. Users can add program-specific bindings to make their lives easier: I have bindings that let me edit the value of $_P_A_T_H and double-quote the current or previous word: 9 # Macros that are convenient for shell interaction 9 July 18, 1994 - 8 - $if Bash # edit the path "\C-xp": "PATH=${PATH}\e\C-e\C-a\ef\C-f" # prepare to type a quoted word -- insert open and close double # quotes and move to just after the open quote "\C-x\"": "\"\"\C-b" # Quote the current or previous word "\C-xq": "\eb\"\ef\"" $endif 9 There is a readline command to re-read the file, so users can edit the file, change some bindings, and begin to use them almost immediately. Bash implements the _b_i_n_d builtin for more dyamic con- trol of readline than the startup file permits. _B_i_n_d is used in several ways. In _l_i_s_t mode, it can display the current key bindings, list all the readline editing direc- tives available for binding, list which keys invoke a given directive, or output the current set of key bindings in a format that can be incorporated directly into an inputrc file. In _b_a_t_c_h mode, it reads a series of key bindings directly from a file and passes them to readline. In its most common usage, _b_i_n_d takes a single string and passes it directly to readline, which interprets the line as if it had just been read from the inputrc file. Both key bindings and variable assignments may appear in the string given to _b_i_n_d. The readline library also provides an interface for _w_o_r_d _c_o_m_p_l_e_t_i_o_n. When the _c_o_m_p_l_e_t_i_o_n character (usually TAB) is typed, readline looks at the word currently being entered and computes the set of filenames of which the current word is a valid prefix. If there is only one possi- ble completion, the rest of the characters are inserted directly, otherwise the common prefix of the set of filenames is added to the current word. A second TAB char- acter entered immediately after a non-unique completion causes readline to list the possible completions; there is an option to have the list displayed immediately. Readline provides hooks so that applications can provide specific types of completion before the default filename completion is attempted. This is quite flexible, though it is not com- pletely user-programmable. Bash, for example, can complete filenames, command names (including aliases, builtins, shell reserved words, shell functions, and executables found in the file system), shell variables, usernames, and hostnames. It uses a set of heuristics that, while not perfect, is gen- erally quite good at determining what type of completion to attempt. _4._4. _H_i_s_t_o_r_y Access to the list of commands previously entered (the _c_o_m_m_a_n_d _h_i_s_t_o_r_y) is provided jointly by Bash and the 9 July 18, 1994 - 9 - readline library. Bash provides variables ($HISTFILE, $HISTSIZE, and $HISTCONTROL) and the _h_i_s_t_o_r_y and _f_c builtins to manipulate the history list. The value of $_H_I_S_T_F_I_L_E specifes the file where Bash writes the command history on exit and reads it on startup. $_H_I_S_T_S_I_Z_E is used to limit the number of commands saved in the history. $_H_I_S_T_C_O_N_T_R_O_L provides a crude form of control over which commands are saved on the history list: a value of _i_g_n_o_r_e_s_p_a_c_e means to not save commands which begin with a space; a value of _i_g_n_o_r_e_d_u_p_s means to not save commands identical to the last command saved. $HISTCONTROL was named $history_control in earlier versions of Bash; the old name is still accepted for backwards compatibility. The _h_i_s_t_o_r_y command can read or write files containing the history list and display the current list contents. The _f_c builtin, adopted from POSIX.2 and the Korn Shell, allows display and re-execution, with optional editing, of commands from the history list. The readline library offers a set of commands to search the his- tory list for a portion of the current input line or a string typed by the user. Finally, the _h_i_s_t_o_r_y library, generally incorporated directly into the readline library, implements a facility for history recall, expansion, and re-execution of previous commands very similar to csh ("bang history", so called because the exclamation point introduces a history substitution): 9 $ echo a b c d e a b c d e $ !! f g h i echo a b c d e f g h i a b c d e f g h i $ !-2 echo a b c d e a b c d e $ echo !-2:1-4 echo a b c d a b c d 9 The command history is only saved when the shell is interac- tive, so it is not available for use by shell scripts. _4._5. _N_e_w _S_h_e_l_l _V_a_r_i_a_b_l_e_s There are a number of convenience variables that Bash interprets to make life easier. These include _F_I_G_N_O_R_E, which is a set of filename suffixes identifying files to exclude when completing filenames; _H_O_S_T_T_Y_P_E, which is automatically set to a string describing the type of hardware on which Bash is currently executing; _c_o_m_m_a_n_d__o_r_i_e_n_t_e_d__h_i_s_t_o_r_y, which directs Bash to save all lines of a multiple-line command such as a _w_h_i_l_e or _f_o_r loop in a single history entry, allowing easy re-editing; and _I_G_N_O_R_E_E_O_F, whose value indicates the number of consecutive EOF characters that an interactive shell will read before July 18, 1994 - 10 - exiting - an easy way to keep yourself from being logged out accidentally. The _a_u_t_o__r_e_s_u_m_e variable alters the way the shell treats simple command names: if job control is active, and this variable is set, single-word simple commands without redirections cause the shell to first look for and restart a suspended job with that name before starting a new process. _4._6. _B_r_a_c_e _E_x_p_a_n_s_i_o_n Since sh offers no convenient way to generate arbitrary strings that share a common prefix or suffix (filename expansion requires that the filenames exist), Bash imple- ments _b_r_a_c_e _e_x_p_a_n_s_i_o_n, a capability picked up from csh. Brace expansion is similar to filename expansion, but the strings generated need not correspond to existing files. A brace expression consists of an optional _p_r_e_a_m_b_l_e, followed by a pair of braces enclosing a series of comma-separated strings, and an optional _p_o_s_t_a_m_b_l_e. The preamble is prepended to each string within the braces, and the postam- ble is then appended to each resulting string: 9 $ echo a{d,c,b}e ade ace abe 9 As this example demonstrates, the results of brace expansion are not sorted, as they are by filename expansion. _4._7. _P_r_o_c_e_s_s _S_u_b_s_t_i_t_u_t_i_o_n On systems that can support it, Bash provides a facil- ity known as _p_r_o_c_e_s_s _s_u_b_s_t_i_t_u_t_i_o_n. Process substitution is similar to command substitution in that its specification includes a command to execute, but the shell does not col- lect the command's output and insert it into the command line. Rather, Bash opens a pipe to the command, which is run in the background. The shell uses named pipes (FIFOs) or the /_d_e_v/_f_d method of naming open files to expand the process substitution to a filename which connects to the pipe when opened. This filename becomes the result of the expansion. Process substitution can be used to compare the outputs of two different versions of an application as part of a regression test: 9 $ cmp <(old_prog) <(new_prog) 9 _4._8. _P_r_o_m_p_t _C_u_s_t_o_m_i_z_a_t_i_o_n One of the more popular interactive features that Bash provides is the ability to customize the prompt. Both $_P_S_1 and $_P_S_2, the primary and secondary prompts, are expanded before being displayed. Parameter and variable expansion is performed when the prompt string is expanded, so any shell variable can be put into the prompt (e.g., $_S_H_L_V_L, which July 18, 1994 - 11 - indicates how deeply the current shell is nested). Bash specially interprets characters in the prompt string pre- ceded by a backslash. Some of these backslash escapes are replaced with the current time, the date, the current work- ing directory, the username, and the command number or his- tory number of the command being entered. There is even a backslash escape to cause the shell to change its prompt when running as root after an _s_u. Before printing each pri- mary prompt, Bash expands the variable $_P_R_O_M_P_T__C_O_M_M_A_N_D and, if it has a value, executes the expanded value as a command, allowing additional prompt customization. For example, this assignment causes the current user, the current host, the time, the last component of the current working directory, the level of shell nesting, and the history number of the current command to be embedded into the primary prompt: 9 $ PS1='\u@\h [\t] \W($SHLVL:\!)\$ ' chet@odin [21:03:44] documentation(2:636)$ cd .. chet@odin [21:03:54] src(2:637)$ 9 The string being assigned is surrounded by single quotes so that if it is exported, the value of $_S_H_L_V_L will be updated by a child shell: 9 chet@odin [21:17:35] src(2:638)$ export PS1 chet@odin [21:17:40] src(2:639)$ bash chet@odin [21:17:46] src(3:696)$ 9 The \$ escape is displayed as "$" when running as a normal user, but as "#" when running as root. _4._9. _F_i_l_e _S_y_s_t_e_m _V_i_e_w_s Since Berkeley introduced symbolic links in 4.2 BSD, one of their most annoying properties has been the "warping" to a completely different area of the file system when using _c_d, and the resultant non-intuitive behavior of "cd ..". The UNIX kernel treats symbolic links _p_h_y_s_i_c_a_l_l_y. When the kernel is translating a pathname in which one component is a symbolic link, it replaces all or part of the pathname while processing the link. If the contents of the symbolic link begin with a slash, the kernel replaces the pathname entirely; if not, the link contents replace the current com- ponent. In either case, the symbolic link is visible. If the link value is an absolute pathname, the user finds him- self in a completely different part of the file system. Bash provides a _l_o_g_i_c_a_l view of the file system. In this default mode, command and filename completion and buil- tin commands such as _c_d and _p_u_s_h_d which change the current working directory transparently follow symbolic links as if they were directories. The $_P_W_D variable, which holds the shell's idea of the current working directory, depends on the path used to reach the directory rather than its July 18, 1994 - 12 - physical location in the local file system hierarchy. For example: 9 $ cd /usr/local/bin $ echo $PWD /usr/local/bin $ pwd /usr/local/bin $ /bin/pwd /net/share/sun4/local/bin $ cd .. $ pwd /usr/local $ /bin/pwd /net/share/sun4/local $ cd .. $ pwd /usr $ /bin/pwd /usr 9 One problem with this, of course, arises when programs that do not understand the shell's logical notion of the file system interpret ".." differently. This generally happens when Bash completes filenames containing ".." according to a logical hierarchy which does not correspond to their physi- cal location. For users who find this troublesome, a corresponding _p_h_y_s_i_c_a_l view of the file system is available: 9 $ cd /usr/local/bin $ pwd /usr/local/bin $ set -o physical $ pwd /net/share/sun4/local/bin 9 _4._1_0. _I_n_t_e_r_n_a_t_i_o_n_a_l_i_z_a_t_i_o_n One of the most significant improvements in version 1.13 of Bash was the change to "eight-bit cleanliness". Previous versions used the eighth bit of characters to mark whether or not they were quoted when performing word expan- sions. While this did not affect the majority of users, most of whom used only seven-bit ASCII characters, some found it confining. Beginning with version 1.13, Bash implemented a different quoting mechanism that did not alter the eighth bit of characters. This allowed Bash to manipu- late files with "odd" characters in their names, but did nothing to help users enter those names, so version 1.13 introduced changes to readline that made it eight-bit clean as well. Options exist that force readline to attach no special significance to characters with the eighth bit set (the default behavior is to convert these characters to meta-prefixed key sequences) and to output these characters July 18, 1994 - 13 - without conversion to meta-prefixed sequences. These changes, along with the expansion of keymaps to a full eight bits, enable readline to work with most of the ISO-8859 fam- ily of character sets, used by many European countries. _4._1_1. _P_O_S_I_X _M_o_d_e Although Bash is intended to be POSIX.2 conformant, there are areas in which the default behavior is not compa- tible with the standard. For users who wish to operate in a strict POSIX.2 environment, Bash implements a _P_O_S_I_X _m_o_d_e. When this mode is active, Bash modifies its default opera- tion where it differs from POSIX.2 to match the standard. POSIX mode is entered when Bash is started with the -_p_o_s_i_x option. This feature is also available as an option to the set builtin, set -o posix. For compatibility with other GNU software that attempts to be POSIX.2 compliant, Bash also enters POSIX mode if the variable $_P_O_S_I_X_L_Y__C_O_R_R_E_C_T is set when Bash is started or assigned a value during execution. $_P_O_S_I_X__P_E_D_A_N_T_I_C is accepted as well, to be compatible with some older GNU utilities. When Bash is started in POSIX mode, for example, it sources the file named by the value of $_E_N_V rather than the "normal" startup files, and does not allow reserved words to be aliased. _5. _N_e_w _F_e_a_t_u_r_e_s _a_n_d _F_u_t_u_r_e _P_l_a_n_s There are several features introduced in the current version of Bash, version 1.14, and a number under considera- tion for future releases. This section will briefly detail the new features in version 1.14 and describe several features that may appear in later versions. _5._1. _N_e_w _F_e_a_t_u_r_e_s _i_n _B_a_s_h-_1._1_4 The new features available in Bash-1.14 answer several of the most common requests for enhancements. Most notably, there is a mechanism for including non-visible character sequences in prompts, such as those which cause a terminal to print characters in different colors or in standout mode. There was nothing preventing the use of these sequences in earlier versions, but the readline redisplay algorithm assumed each character occupied physical screen space and would wrap lines prematurely. Readline has a few new variables, several new bindable commands, and some additional emacs mode default key bind- ings. A new history search mode has been implemented: in this mode, readline searches the history for lines beginning with the characters between the beginning of the current line and the cursor. The existing readline incremental search commands no longer match identical lines more than once. Filename completion now expands variables in direc- tory names. The history expansion facilities are now nearly July 18, 1994 - 14 - completely csh-compatible: missing modifiers have been added and history substitution has been extended. Several of the features described earlier, such as _s_e_t -_o _p_o_s_i_x and $_P_O_S_I_X__P_E_D_A_N_T_I_C, are new in version 1.14. There is a new shell variable, _O_S_T_Y_P_E, to which Bash assigns a value that identifies the version of UNIX it's running on (great for putting architecture-specific binary directories into the $PATH). Two variables have been renamed: $_H_I_S_T_C_O_N_- _T_R_O_L replaces $_h_i_s_t_o_r_y__c_o_n_t_r_o_l, and $_H_O_S_T_F_I_L_E replaces $_h_o_s_t_n_a_m_e__c_o_m_p_l_e_t_i_o_n__f_i_l_e. In both cases, the old names are accepted for backwards compatibility. The ksh _s_e_l_e_c_t con- struct, which allows the generation of simple menus, has been implemented. New capabilities have been added to existing variables: $_a_u_t_o__r_e_s_u_m_e can now take values of _e_x_a_c_t or _s_u_b_s_t_r_i_n_g, and $_H_I_S_T_C_O_N_T_R_O_L understands the value _i_g_n_o_r_e_b_o_t_h, which combines the two previously acceptable values. The _d_i_r_s builtin has acquired options to print out specific members of the directory stack. The $_n_o_l_i_n_k_s vari- able, which forces a physical view of the file system, has been superseded by the -_P option to the _s_e_t builtin (equivalent to set -o physical); the variable is retained for backwards compatibility. The version string contained in $_B_A_S_H__V_E_R_S_I_O_N now includes an indication of the patch level as well as the "build version". Some little-used features have been removed: the _b_y_e synonym for _e_x_i_t and the $_N_O__P_R_O_M_P_T__V_A_R_S variable are gone. There is now an organized test suite that can be run as a regression test when building a new version of Bash. The documentation has been thoroughly overhauled: there is a new manual page on the readline library and the _i_n_f_o file has been updated to reflect the current version. As always, as many bugs as possible have been fixed, although some surely remain. _5._2. _O_t_h_e_r _F_e_a_t_u_r_e_s There are a few features that I hope to include in later Bash releases. Some are based on work already done in other shells. In addition to simple variables, a future release of Bash will include one-dimensional arrays, using the ksh implementation of arrays as a model. Additions to the ksh syntax, such as _v_a_r_n_a_m_e=( ... ) to assign a list of words directly to an array and a mechanism to allow the _r_e_a_d buil- tin to read a list of values directly into an array, would be desirable. Given those extensions, the ksh _s_e_t -_A syntax may not be worth supporting (the -_A option assigns a list of values to an array, but is a rather peculiar special case). Some shells include a means of _p_r_o_g_r_a_m_m_a_b_l_e word com- pletion, where the user specifies on a per-command basis how July 18, 1994 - 15 - the arguments of the command are to be treated when comple- tion is attempted: as filenames, hostnames, executable files, and so on. The other aspects of the current Bash implementation could remain as-is; the existing heuristics would still be valid. Only when completing the arguments to a simple command would the programmable completion be in effect. It would also be nice to give the user finer-grained control over which commands are saved onto the history list. One proposal is for a variable, tentatively named _H_I_S_T_I_G_- _N_O_R_E, which would contain a colon-separated list of com- mands. Lines beginning with these commands, after the res- trictions of $_H_I_S_T_C_O_N_T_R_O_L have been applied, would not be placed onto the history list. The shell pattern-matching capabilities could also be available when specifying the contents of $_H_I_S_T_I_G_N_O_R_E. One thing that newer shells such as _w_k_s_h (also known as _d_t_k_s_h) provide is a command to dynamically load code imple- menting additional builtin commands into a running shell. This new builtin would take an object file or shared library implementing the "body" of the builtin (_x_x_x__b_u_i_l_t_i_n() for those familiar with Bash internals) and a structure contain- ing the name of the new command, the function to call when the new builtin is invoked (presumably defined in the shared object specified as an argument), and the documentation to be printed by the _h_e_l_p command (possibly present in the shared object as well). It would manage the details of extending the internal table of builtins. A few other builtins would also be desirable: two are the POSIX.2 _g_e_t_c_o_n_f command, which prints the values of sys- tem configuration variables defined by POSIX.2, and a _d_i_s_o_w_n builtin, which causes a shell running with job control active to "forget about" one or more background jobs in its internal jobs table. Using _g_e_t_c_o_n_f, for example, a user could retrieve a value for $_P_A_T_H guaranteed to find all of the POSIX standard utilities, or find out how long filenames may be in the file system containing a specified directory. There are no implementation timetables for any of these features, nor are there concrete plans to include them. If anyone has comments on these proposals, feel free to send me electronic mail. _6. _R_e_f_l_e_c_t_i_o_n_s _a_n_d _L_e_s_s_o_n_s _L_e_a_r_n_e_d The lesson that has been repeated most often during Bash development is that there are dark corners in the Bourne Shell, and people use all of them. In the original description of the Bourne shell, quoting and the shell gram- mar are both poorly specified and incomplete; subsequent descriptions have not helped much. The grammar presented in July 18, 1994 - 16 - Bourne's paper describing the shell distributed with the Seventh Edition of UNIX|- is so far off that it does not allow the command who|wc. In fact, as Tom Duff states: Nobody really knows what the Bourne shell's gram- mar is. Even examination of the source code is little help.|= The POSIX.2 standard includes a _y_a_c_c grammar that comes close to capturing the Bourne shell's behavior, but it disallows some constructs which sh accepts without complaint - and there are scripts out there that use them. It took a few versions and several bug reports before Bash implemented sh-compatible quoting, and there are still some "legal" sh constructs which Bash flags as syntax errors. Complete sh compatibility is a tough nut. The shell is bigger and slower than I would like, though the current version is substantially faster than pre- viously. The readline library could stand a substantial rewrite. A hand-written parser to replace the current _y_a_c_c-generated one would probably result in a speedup, and would solve one glaring problem: the shell could parse com- mands in "$(...)" constructs as they are entered, rather than reporting errors when the construct is expanded. As always, there is some chaff to go with the wheat. Areas of duplicated functionality need to be cleaned up. There are several cases where Bash treats a variable spe- cially to enable functionality available another way ($notify vs. set -o notify and $nolinks vs. set -o physi- cal, for instance); the special treatment of the variable name should probably be removed. A few more things could stand removal; the $_a_l_l_o_w__n_u_l_l__g_l_o_b__e_x_p_a_n_s_i_o_n and $_g_l_o_b__d_o_t__f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e_s variables are of particularly question- able value. The $[...] arithmetic evaluation syntax is redundant now that the POSIX-mandated $((...)) construct has been implemented, and could be deleted. It would be nice if the text output by the _h_e_l_p builtin were external to the shell rather than compiled into it. The behavior enabled by $_c_o_m_m_a_n_d__o_r_i_e_n_t_e_d__h_i_s_t_o_r_y, which causes the shell to attempt to save all lines of a multi-line command in a single his- tory entry, should be made the default and the variable removed. _________________________ |-S. R. Bourne, "UNIX Time-Sharing System: The UNIX Shell", _B_e_l_l _S_y_s_t_e_m _T_e_c_h_n_i_c_a_l _J_o_u_r_n_a_l, 57(6), July- August, 1978, pp. 1971-1990. |=Tom Duff, "Rc - A Shell for Plan 9 and UNIX systems", _P_r_o_c. _o_f _t_h_e _S_u_m_m_e_r _1_9_9_0 _E_U_U_G _C_o_n_f_e_r_e_n_c_e, London, July, 1990, pp. 21-33. July 18, 1994 - 17 - _7. _A_v_a_i_l_a_b_i_l_i_t_y As with all other GNU software, Bash is available for anonymous FTP from _p_r_e_p._a_i._m_i_t._e_d_u:/_p_u_b/_g_n_u and from other GNU software mirror sites. The current version is in _b_a_s_h- _1._1_4._1._t_a_r._g_z in that directory. Use _a_r_c_h_i_e to find the nearest archive site. The latest version is always avail- able for FTP from _b_a_s_h._C_W_R_U._E_d_u:/_p_u_b/_d_i_s_t. Bash documenta- tion is available for FTP from _b_a_s_h._C_W_R_U._E_d_u:/_p_u_b/_b_a_s_h. The Free Software Foundation sells tapes and CD-ROMs containing Bash; send electronic mail to gnu@prep.ai.mit.edu or call +1-617-876-3296 for more information. Bash is also distributed with several versions of UNIX-compatible systems. It is included as /bin/sh and /bin/bash on several Linux distributions (more about the difference in a moment), and as contributed software in BSDI's BSD/386* and FreeBSD. The Linux distribution deserves special mention. There are two configurations included in the standard Bash distri- bution: a "normal" configuration, in which all of the stan- dard features are included, and a "minimal" configuration, which omits job control, aliases, history and command line editing, the directory stack and _p_u_s_h_d/_p_o_p_d/_d_i_r_s, process substitution, prompt string special character decoding, and the _s_e_l_e_c_t construct. This minimal version is designed to be a drop-in replacement for the traditional UNIX /bin/sh, and is included as the Linux /bin/sh in several packagings. _8. _C_o_n_c_l_u_s_i_o_n Bash is a worthy successor to sh. It is sufficiently portable to run on nearly every version of UNIX from 4.3 BSD to SVR4.2, and several UNIX workalikes. It is robust enough to replace sh on most of those systems, and provides more functionality. It has several thousand regular users, and their feedback has helped to make it as good as it is today - a testament to the benefits of free software. _________________________ *BSD/386 is a trademark of Berkeley Software Design, Inc. July 18, 1994 bash-1.14.3/endian.c 644 436 0 7366 5505134074 12272 0ustar chetwheel/* endian.c -- A trick for determining the byte order of a machine. */ /* Copyright (C) 1993 Free Software Foundation, Inc. This file is part of GNU Bash, the Bourne Again SHell. Bash is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option) any later version. Bash is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details. You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with Bash; see the file COPYING. If not, write to the Free Software Foundation, 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. */ #include #include #include "bashansi.h" /* The name of this program, as taken from argv[0]. */ char *progname; /* The name of the source file that this code is made from. */ char source_name[256]; /* The name of the define. Either "BIG_ENDIAN" or "LITTLE_ENDIAN". */ char *endian_define; char string[9]; char nstring[9]; /* Stuff "1234" into a long, and compare it against a character string "1234". If the results are EQ, the machine is big endian like a 68000 or Sparc, otherwise it is little endian, like a Vax, or 386. */ main (argc, argv) int argc; char **argv; { #if defined (__STDC__) register size_t i; #else register int i; #endif /* !__STDC__ */ FILE *stream = (FILE *)NULL; char *stream_name = "stdout"; union { unsigned long l; char s[sizeof (long)]; } u; progname = argv[0]; for (i = strlen (progname); i > 0; i--) if (progname[i] == '/') { progname = progname + i + 1; break; } strcpy (source_name, progname); for (i = strlen (source_name); i > 0; i--) if (source_name[i] == '.') { source_name[i] = '\0'; break; } strcat (source_name, ".c"); if (argc == 1) { stream_name = "stdout"; stream = stdout; } else if (argc == 2) { stream_name = argv[1]; stream = fopen (stream_name, "w"); } else { fprintf (stderr, "Usage: %s [output-file]\n", progname); exit (1); } if (!stream) { fprintf (stderr, "%s: %s Cannot be opened or written to.\n", progname, stream_name); exit (2); } if (sizeof (long int) == 4) { u.l = 0x04030201L; (void) strcpy (string, "4321"); } else if (sizeof (long int) == 8) { #if defined (__GNUC__) unsigned long fake_out_gcc; fake_out_gcc = (0x08070605L << 31); fake_out_gcc = (fake_out_gcc << 1); u.l = fake_out_gcc | 0x04030201L; #else u.l = (0x08070605L << 32) | 0x04030201L; #endif /* !__GNUC__ */ (void) strcpy (string, "87654321"); } else { fprintf (stderr, "%s: sizeof (long int) = %d, which isn't handled here.\n", progname, sizeof (long int)); exit (2); } for (i = 0; i < sizeof (long); i++) nstring[i] = u.s[i] + '0'; nstring[i] = '\0'; if (strcmp (nstring, string) == 0) endian_define = "BIG_ENDIAN"; else endian_define = "LITTLE_ENDIAN"; fprintf (stream, "/* %s - Define BIG or LITTLE endian. */\n\n", stream_name); fprintf (stream, "/* This file was automatically created by `%s'. You shouldn't\n\ edit this file, because your changes will be overwritten. Instead,\n\ edit the source code file `%s'. */\n\n", progname, source_name); fprintf (stream, "#if !defined (%s)\n", endian_define); fprintf (stream, "# define %s\n", endian_define); fprintf (stream, "#endif /* %s */\n", endian_define); if (stream != stdout) fclose (stream); exit (0); } bash-1.14.3/error.c 664 436 0 12042 5670657143 12204 0ustar chetwheel/* error.c -- Functions for handling errors. */ /* Copyright (C) 1993 Free Software Foundation, Inc. This file is part of GNU Bash, the Bourne Again SHell. Bash is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option) any later version. Bash is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details. You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with Bash; see the file COPYING. If not, write to the Free Software Foundation, 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. */ #include #include #include #if defined (HAVE_VFPRINTF) #include #endif #include #if !defined (errno) extern int errno; #endif /* !errno */ #include "bashansi.h" #include "flags.h" #include "error.h" #include "command.h" #include "general.h" extern int interactive_shell; extern char *dollar_vars[]; extern char *shell_name; extern char *the_current_maintainer; #if defined (JOB_CONTROL) extern pid_t shell_pgrp; #endif /* JOB_CONTROL */ /* Return the name of the shell or the shell script for error reporting. */ char * get_name_for_error () { char *name = (char *) NULL; if (!interactive_shell) name = dollar_vars[0]; if (!name && shell_name && *shell_name) name = base_pathname (shell_name); if (!name) name = "bash"; return (name); } /* Report an error having to do with FILENAME. */ void file_error (filename) char *filename; { report_error ("%s: %s", filename, strerror (errno)); } #if !defined (HAVE_VFPRINTF) void programming_error (reason, arg1, arg2, arg3, arg4, arg5) char *reason; { #if defined (JOB_CONTROL) give_terminal_to (shell_pgrp); #endif /* JOB_CONTROL */ report_error (reason, arg1, arg2); fprintf (stderr, "Report this to %s\n", the_current_maintainer); fprintf (stderr, "Stopping myself..."); fflush (stderr); abort (); } void report_error (format, arg1, arg2, arg3, arg4, arg5) char *format; { fprintf (stderr, "%s: ", get_name_for_error ()); fprintf (stderr, format, arg1, arg2, arg3, arg4, arg5); fprintf (stderr, "\n"); if (exit_immediately_on_error) exit (1); } void fatal_error (format, arg1, arg2, arg3, arg4, arg5) char *format; { fprintf (stderr, "%s: ", get_name_for_error ()); fprintf (stderr, format, arg1, arg2, arg3, arg4, arg5); fprintf (stderr, "\n"); exit (2); } void internal_error (format, arg1, arg2, arg3, arg4, arg5) char *format; { fprintf (stderr, "%s: ", get_name_for_error ()); fprintf (stderr, format, arg1, arg2, arg3, arg4, arg5); fprintf (stderr, "\n"); } #else /* We have VARARGS support, so use it. */ void programming_error (va_alist) va_dcl { va_list args; char *format; #if defined (JOB_CONTROL) give_terminal_to (shell_pgrp); #endif /* JOB_CONTROL */ va_start (args); format = va_arg (args, char *); vfprintf (stderr, format, args); fprintf (stderr, "\n"); va_end (args); fprintf (stderr, "Tell %s to fix this someday.\n", the_current_maintainer); fprintf (stderr, "Stopping myself..."); fflush (stderr); abort (); } void report_error (va_alist) va_dcl { va_list args; char *format; fprintf (stderr, "%s: ", get_name_for_error ()); va_start (args); format = va_arg (args, char *); vfprintf (stderr, format, args); fprintf (stderr, "\n"); va_end (args); if (exit_immediately_on_error) exit (1); } void fatal_error (va_alist) va_dcl { va_list args; char *format; fprintf (stderr, "%s: ", get_name_for_error ()); va_start (args); format = va_arg (args, char *); vfprintf (stderr, format, args); fprintf (stderr, "\n"); va_end (args); exit (2); } void internal_error (va_alist) va_dcl { va_list args; char *format; fprintf (stderr, "%s: ", get_name_for_error ()); va_start (args); format = va_arg (args, char *); vfprintf (stderr, format, args); fprintf (stderr, "\n"); va_end (args); } itrace (va_alist) va_dcl { va_list args; char *format; fprintf(stderr, "TRACE: pid %d: ", getpid()); va_start (args); format = va_arg (args, char *); vfprintf (stderr, format, args); fprintf (stderr, "\n"); va_end (args); fflush(stderr); } #if 0 /* A trace function for silent debugging -- doesn't require a control terminal. */ trace (va_alist) va_dcl { va_list args; char *format; static FILE *tracefp = (FILE *)NULL; if (tracefp == NULL) tracefp = fopen("/usr/tmp/bash-trace.log", "a+"); if (tracefp == NULL) tracefp = stderr; else fcntl (fileno (tracefp), F_SETFD, 1); /* close-on-exec */ fprintf(tracefp, "TRACE: pid %d: ", getpid()); va_start (args); format = va_arg (args, char *); vfprintf (tracefp, format, args); fprintf (tracefp, "\n"); va_end (args); fflush(tracefp); } #endif #endif /* HAVE_VFPRINTF */ bash-1.14.3/error.h 664 436 0 2521 5521542376 12166 0ustar chetwheel/* error.h -- External declarations of functions appearing in error.c. */ /* Copyright (C) 1993 Free Software Foundation, Inc. This file is part of GNU Bash, the Bourne Again SHell. Bash is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option) any later version. Bash is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details. You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with Bash; see the file COPYING. If not, write to the Free Software Foundation, 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. */ /* Get the name of the shell or shell script for an error message. */ extern char *get_name_for_error (); /* Report an error having to do with FILENAME. */ extern void file_error (); /* Report a programmer's error, and abort. Pass REASON, and ARG1 ... ARG5. */ extern void programming_error (); /* General error reporting. Pass FORMAT and ARG1 ... ARG5. */ extern void report_error (); /* Report an unrecoverable error and exit. Pass FORMAT and ARG1 ... ARG5. */ extern void fatal_error (); bash-1.14.3/examples/ 775 436 0 0 5620516001 12404 5ustar chetwheelbash-1.14.3/examples/functions/ 775 436 0 0 5620515777 14437 5ustar chetwheelbash-1.14.3/examples/functions/substr 644 436 0 2174 4763061720 15755 0ustar chetwheel# # substr -- a function to emulate the ancient ksh builtin # # # -l == shortest from left # -L == longest from left # -r == shortest from right (the default) # -R == longest from right substr() { local flag pat str local usage="usage: substr -lLrR pat string or substr string pat" case "$1" in -l | -L | -r | -R) flag="$1" pat="$2" shift 2 ;; -*) echo "substr: unknown option: $1" echo "$usage" return 1 ;; *) flag="-r" pat="$2" ;; esac if [ "$#" -eq 0 -o "$#" -gt 2 ] ; then echo "substr: bad argument count" return 2 fi str="$1" # # We don't want -f, but we don't want to turn it back on if # we didn't have it already # case "$-" in "*f*") ;; *) fng=1 set -f ;; esac case "$flag" in -l) str="${str#$pat}" # substr -l pat string ;; -L) str="${str##$pat}" # substr -L pat string ;; -r) str="${str%$pat}" # substr -r pat string ;; -R) str="${str%%$pat}" # substr -R pat string ;; *) str="${str%$2}" # substr string pat ;; esac echo "$str" # # If we had file name generation when we started, re-enable it # if [ "$fng" = "1" ] ; then set +f fi } bash-1.14.3/examples/functions/kshenv 644 436 0 5774 5477433515 15752 0ustar chetwheel# # .kshenv -- functions and aliases to provide the beginnings of a ksh # environment for bash. # # Chet Ramey # chet@ins.CWRU.Edu # # # These are definitions for the ksh compiled-in `exported aliases'. There # are others, but we already have substitutes for them: "history", "type", # and "hash". # alias r="fc -e -" alias functions="typeset -f" alias integer="typeset -i" alias nohup="nohup " alias true=":" alias false="let 0" alias hist="fc" # # An almost-ksh compatible `whence' command. This is as hairy as it is # because of the desire to exactly mimic ksh (whose behavior was determined # empirically). # # This depends somewhat on knowing the format of the output of the bash # `builtin type' command. # whence() { local vflag local path vflag= path= if [ "$#" = "0" ] ; then echo "whence: argument expected" return 1 fi case "$1" in -v) vflag=1 shift 1 ;; -*) echo "whence: bad option: $1" return 1 ;; *) ;; esac if [ "$#" = "0" ] ; then echo "whence: bad argument count" return 1 fi for cmd do if [ "$vflag" ] ; then echo $(builtin type $cmd | sed 1q) else path=$(builtin type -path $cmd) if [ "$path" ] ; then echo $path else case "$cmd" in /*) echo "" ;; *) case "$(builtin type -type $cmd)" in "") echo "" ;; *) echo "$cmd" ;; esac ;; esac fi fi done return 0 } # # For real ksh homeboy fanatics, redefine the `type' builtin with a ksh # version. # #type() #{ # whence -v "$*" #} cd() { case $# in 0) builtin cd "$HOME" ;; 1) builtin cd "$@" ;; 2) old="$1" new="$2" dir=$(echo "$PWD" | sed "s:$old:$new:g") case "$dir" in "$PWD") echo "bash: cd: bad substitution" >&2 ; return 1 ;; *) echo "$dir" builtin cd "$dir" ;; esac ;; *) echo "cd: wrong arg count" >&2 ; return 1 ;; esac } # # ksh print emulation # # print [-Rnprsu[n]] [arg ...] # # - end of options # -R BSD-style -- only accept -n, no escapes # -n do not add trailing newline # -p no-op (no coprocesses) # -r no escapes # -s no-op (print to the history file) # -u n redirect output to fd n # print() { local eflag=-e local nflag= local fd=1 OPTIND=1 while getopts "Rnprsu:" c do case $c in R) eflag= ;; r) eflag= ;; n) nflag=-n ;; u) fd=$OPTARG ;; p|s) ;; esac done shift $[ $OPTIND - 1 ] builtin echo $eflag $nflag "$@" >&$fd } # substring function # this function should be equivalent to the substring built-in which was # eliminated after the 06/29/84 version substring () { local lpat flag str #local variables set -f case $1 in -l|-L) flag=$1 lpat=$2 shift 2 ;; esac # test for too few or too many arguments if [ x"$1" = x -o $# -gt 2 ]; then print -u2 'substring: bad argument count' return 1 fi str=$1 if [ x"$flag" = x-l ]; then #substring -l lpat str=${str#$lpat} elif [ x"$flag" = x-L ]; then str=${str##$lpat} #substring -L lpat fi if [ x"$2" != x ]; then echo ${str%$2} else echo $str fi return 0 } bash-1.14.3/examples/functions/autoload 644 436 0 5113 4763061717 16245 0ustar chetwheel# # An almost ksh-compatible `autoload'. A function declared as `autoload' will # be read in from a file the same name as the function found by searching the # $FPATH (which works the same as $PATH), then that definition will be run. # # To do this without source support, we define a dummy function that, when # executed, will load the file (thereby re-defining the function), then # execute that newly-redefined function with the original arguments. # # It's not identical to ksh because ksh apparently does lazy evaluation # and looks for the file to load from only when the function is referenced. # This one requires that the file exist when the function is declared as # `autoload'. # # usage: autoload func [func...] # # The first cut of this was by Bill Trost, trost@reed.bitnet # # Chet Ramey # chet@ins.CWRU.Edu # # Declare a function ($1) to be autoloaded from a file ($2) when it is first # called. This defines a `temporary' function that will `.' the file # containg the real function definition, then execute that new definition with # the arguments given to this `fake' function. The autoload function defined # by the file and the file itself *must* be named identically. # aload() { eval $1 '() { . '$2' ; '$1' "$@" ; return $? }' } # # Search $FPATH for a file the same name as the function given as $1, and # autoload the function from that file. There is no default $FPATH. # autoload() { # # Save the list of functions; we're going to blow away the arguments # in a second. If any of the names contain white space, TFB. # local args="$*" # # This should, I think, list the functions marked as autoload and not # yet defined, but we don't have enough information to do that here. # if [ $# -eq 0 ] ; then echo "usage: autoload function [function...]" return 1 fi # # If there is no $FPATH, there is no work to be done # if [ -z "$FPATH" ] ; then echo autoload: FPATH not set return 1 fi # # This treats FPATH exactly like PATH: a null field anywhere in the # FPATH is treated the same as the current directory. # # The path splitting command is taken from Kernighan and Pike # fp=$(echo $FPATH | sed 's/^:/.:/ s/::/:.:/g s/:$/:./ s/:/ /g') for FUNC in $args ; do # # We're blowing away the arguments to autoload here... # We have to; there are no arrays. # set $fp while [ $# -ne 0 ] ; do if [ -f $1/$FUNC ] ; then break # found it! fi shift done if [ $# -eq 0 ] ; then echo "$FUNC: autoload function not found" continue fi # echo auto-loading $FUNC from $1/$FUNC aload $FUNC $1/$FUNC done return 0 } bash-1.14.3/examples/functions/csh-compat 644 436 0 1125 4763061717 16472 0ustar chetwheel# C-shell compatabilty package. # setenv VAR VALUE function setenv () { export $1="$2" } function unsetenv () { unset $1 } function alias () { local name=$1 shift local value="$*" if [ "$name" = "" ]; then builtin alias elif [ "$value" = "" ]; then builtin alias $name else builtin alias $name="$value" fi } # Can't write foreach yet. Need pattern matching, and a few extras. function foreach () { echo 'Can'\''t do `foreach'\'' yet. Type "help for".' } # Make this work like csh's. Special case "term" and "path". #set () { #} chdir () { builtin cd $* } bash-1.14.3/examples/functions/shcat 644 436 0 66 4763061721 15474 0ustar chetwheelshcat() { while read line do echo "$line" done } bash-1.14.3/examples/functions/substr2 644 436 0 2556 4763061722 16045 0ustar chetwheel# # substr -- a function to emulate the ancient ksh builtin # # -l == remove shortest from left # -L == remove longest from left # -r == remove shortest from right (the default) # -R == remove longest from right substr() { local flag pat str local usage="usage: substr -lLrR pat string or substr string pat" local options="l:L:r:R:" OPTIND=1 while getopts "$options" c do case "$c" in l | L | r | R) flag="-$c" pat="$OPTARG" ;; '?') echo "$usage" return 1 ;; esac done if [ "$OPTIND" -gt 1 ] ; then shift $[ $OPTIND -1 ] fi if [ "$#" -eq 0 -o "$#" -gt 2 ] ; then echo "substr: bad argument count" return 2 fi str="$1" # # We don't want -f, but we don't want to turn it back on if # we didn't have it already # case "$-" in "*f*") ;; *) fng=1 set -f ;; esac case "$flag" in -l) str="${str#$pat}" # substr -l pat string ;; -L) str="${str##$pat}" # substr -L pat string ;; -r) str="${str%$pat}" # substr -r pat string ;; -R) str="${str%%$pat}" # substr -R pat string ;; *) str="${str%$2}" # substr string pat ;; esac echo "$str" # # If we had file name generation when we started, re-enable it # if [ "$fng" = "1" ] ; then set +f fi } bash-1.14.3/examples/functions/term 644 436 0 740 4763061722 15361 0ustar chetwheel# # term -- a shell function to set the terminal type interactively or not. # term() { local t if [ $# != 0 ] ; then eval $(tset -sQ $1) else # interactive if [ -z "$TERM" ] ; then TERM="unknown" fi case "$TERM" in network|dialup|unknown|lat) TERM=unknown ;; *) eval $(tset -sQ) ;; esac while [ "$TERM" = "unknown" ] ; do echo -n "Terminal type: " read t if [ -n "$t" ] ; then eval $(tset -sQ $t) fi done fi } bash-1.14.3/examples/functions/whatis 644 436 0 2026 5535173404 15727 0ustar chetwheel# # whatis -- and implementation of the 10th Edition Unix sh builtin `whatis' # command. # # usage: whatis arg [...] # # For each argument, whatis prints the associated value as a parameter, # builtin, function, alias, or executable file as appropriate. In each # case, the value is printed in a form which would yield the same value # if typed as input to the shell itself. # whatis() { local wusage='usage: whatis arg [arg...]' local fail=0 if [ $# -eq 0 ] ; then echo "$wusage" return 1 fi for arg do case $(builtin type -type $arg 2>/dev/null) in "alias") builtin alias "$arg" ;; "function") builtin type "$arg" | sed 1d ;; "builtin") echo builtin "$arg" ;; "file") builtin type -path "$arg" ;; *) # OK, we could have a variable, or we could have nada if [ "$(eval echo \${$arg+set})" = "set" ] ; then # It is a variable, and it is set echo -n "$arg=" eval echo '\"'\$$arg'\"' else echo whatis: $arg: not found fail=1 fi ;; esac done return $fail } bash-1.14.3/examples/functions/whence 644 436 0 1736 5521337070 15704 0ustar chetwheel# # An almost-ksh compatible `whence' command. This is as hairy as it is # because of the desire to exactly mimic ksh. # # This depends somewhat on knowing the format of the output of the bash # `builtin type' command. # # Chet Ramey # chet@ins.CWRU.Edu # whence() { local vflag= path= if [ "$#" = "0" ] ; then echo "whence: argument expected" return 1 fi case "$1" in -v) vflag=1 shift 1 ;; -*) echo "whence: bad option: $1" return 1 ;; *) ;; esac if [ "$#" = "0" ] ; then echo "whence: bad argument count" return 1 fi for cmd do if [ "$vflag" ] ; then echo $(builtin type $cmd | sed 1q) else path=$(builtin type -path $cmd) if [ "$path" ] ; then echo $path else case "$cmd" in /*) if [ -x "$cmd" ]; then echo "$cmd" fi ;; *) case "$(builtin type -type $cmd)" in "") ;; *) echo "$cmd" ;; esac ;; esac fi fi done return 0 } bash-1.14.3/examples/functions/func 644 436 0 672 4763061717 15355 0ustar chetwheel# # func -- print out definitions for functions named by arguments # # usage: func name [name ...] # # Chet Ramey # chet@ins.CWRU.Edu func() { local status=0 if [ $# -eq 0 ] ; then echo "usage: func name [name...]" 1>&2 return 1 fi for f do if [ "$(builtin type -type $f)" != "function" ] ; then echo "func: $f: not a function" 1>&2 status=1 # one failed continue fi builtin type $f | sed 1d done return $status } bash-1.14.3/examples/functions/dirname 664 436 0 1075 5127706332 16053 0ustar chetwheel# Date: Fri, 11 Oct 91 11:22:36 edt # From: friedman@gnu.ai.mit.edu # To: bfox@gnu.ai.mit.edu # A replacement for dirname(1). This one appears less often on some # systems I use than basename(1), and I really depend on it for some # things. Usage: dirname [path] function dirname () { local dir="$1" local tdir="${dir%/}" # Strip trailing '/' characters from dir (unusual that this should # ever occur, but dirname(1) seems to deal with it.) while [ "${tdir}" != "${dir}" ]; do tdir="${dir}" dir="${tdir%/}" done echo "${dir%/*}" } bash-1.14.3/examples/functions/dirfuncs 664 436 0 4715 5613517052 16254 0ustar chetwheel# # Directory manipulation functions from the book 'The Korn Shell' # Modified for use with bash Mon Apr 18 08:37 1994 by # Ken Konecki (kenk@wfg.com) # # Modified by Chet Ramey # # This could stand to have calls to `select' added back in # alias integer="declare -i" integer _push_max=${CDSTACK-31} _push_top=${CDSTACK-31} unalias cd # alias cd=_cd # Display directory stack -- $HOME display as ~ dirs() { dir="${PWD#$HOME/}" case $dir in $HOME) dir=\~ ;; /*) ;; *) dir=\~/$dir ;; esac integer i=_push_top integer n=1 echo "$n) $dir" while let "i < $_push_max" do n=n+1 eval "echo \$n\) \$_push_stack_$i" i=i+1 done } # Change directory and put directory on front of stack cd() { typeset dir= integer n=0 type=4 i case $1 in -|-1|2) # cd - n=_push_top type=1 ;; -[1-9]|-[1-9][0-9]) # cd -n n=_push_top+${1#-}-1 type=2 ;; 1) # keep present directory echo "$PWD" return ;; [2-9]|[1-9][0-9]) # cd n n=_push_top+${1}-2 type=2 ;; *) if let "_push_top <= 0"; then type=3 n=_push_max fi ;; esac if let "type < 3"; then if let "n >= _push_max"; then echo cd: Directory stack not that deep return 1 else eval dir=\${_push_stack_$n} fi fi case $dir in ~*) dir=$HOME${dir#\~} ;; esac cd2 ${dir:-$@} > /dev/null || return 1 dir=${OLDPWD#$HOME/} case $dir in $HOME) dir=\~ ;; /*) ;; *) dir=\~/$dir ;; esac case $type in 1) # swap first two elements eval _push_stack_$_push_top=\$dir ;; 2|3) # put $dir on top and shift down by one until top i=_push_top unset _dirlist while let "i < $_push_max" ; do eval _dirlist=\"\$_dirlist \$_push_stack_$i\" i=i+1 done i=_push_top for dir in "$dir" ${_dirlist} ; do let "i > n" && break eval _push_stack_$i=\$dir i=i+1 done ;; 4) # push name _push_top=_push_top-1; eval _push_stack_$_push_top=\$dir ;; esac echo "$PWD" } # Menu-driven change directory command function mcd { dirs echo -n "Select by number or enter a name: " read cd $REPLY } # Emulate ksh cd substitution cd2() { case "$#" in 0) builtin cd "$HOME" ;; 1) builtin cd "$1" ;; 2) newDir=$(echo $PWD | sed -e "s:$1:$2:g") case "$newDir" in $PWD) echo "bash:: cd: bad substitution" >&2 ; return 1 ;; *) builtin cd "$newDir" ;; esac ;; *) echo "bash: cd: wrong arg count" 1>&2 ; return 1 ;; esac } bash-1.14.3/examples/functions/basename 664 436 0 1205 5127706336 16206 0ustar chetwheel# Date: Fri, 11 Oct 91 11:22:36 edt # From: friedman@gnu.ai.mit.edu # To: bfox@gnu.ai.mit.edu # A replacement for basename(1). Not all the systems I use have this # program. Usage: basename [path] {extension} function basename () { local path="$1" local suffix="$2" local tpath="${path%/}" # Strip trailing '/' characters from path (unusual that this should # ever occur, but basename(1) seems to deal with it.) while [ "${tpath}" != "${path}" ]; do tpath="${path}" path="${tpath%/}" done path="${path##*/}" # Strip off pathname echo ${path%${suffix}} # Also strip off extension, if any. } bash-1.14.3/examples/functions/exitstat 664 436 0 1146 5127706344 16303 0ustar chetwheel# Contributed by Noah Friedman and Roland McGrath. # To be run by the PROMPT_COMMAND variable, so that one can see what # the exit status of processes are. function check_exit_status () { local status="$?" local signal="" if [ ${status} -ne 0 -a ${status} != 128 ]; then # If process exited by a signal, determine name of signal. if [ ${status} -gt 128 ]; then signal="$(builtin kill -l $[${status} - 128] 2>/dev/null)" if [ "$signal" ]; then signal="($signal)"; fi fi echo "[Exit ${status} ${signal}]" 1>&2 fi return 0 } PROMPT_COMMAND=check_exit_status bash-1.14.3/examples/functions/external 664 436 0 2472 5127706350 16260 0ustar chetwheel# Contributed by Noah Friedman. # To avoid using a function in bash, you can use the `builtin' or # `command' builtins, but neither guarantees that you use an external # program instead of a bash builtin if there's a builtin by that name. So # this function can be used like `command' except that it guarantees the # program is external by first disabling any builtin by that name. After # the command is done executing, the state of the builtin is restored. function external () { local state="" local exit_status if builtin_p "$1"; then state="builtin" enable -n "$1" fi command "$@" exit_status=$? if [ "$state" = "builtin" ]; then enable "$1" fi return ${exit_status} } # What is does is tell you if a particular keyword is currently enabled as # a shell builtin. It does NOT tell you if invoking that keyword will # necessarily run the builtin. For that, do something like # # test "$(builtin type -type [keyword])" = "builtin" # # Note also, that disabling a builtin with "enable -n" will make builtin_p # return false, since the builtin is no longer available. function builtin_p () { local word set $(builtin type -all -type "$1") for word in "$@" ; do if [ "${word}" = "builtin" ]; then return 0 fi done return 1 } bash-1.14.3/examples/functions/fact 664 436 0 457 5127706355 15341 0ustar chetwheel# Who said shells can't use recursion? Here is a factorial function. # You call it with a number as an argument, and it returns the factorial # of that number. fact () { local num=$1; if [ "$num" = 1 ] ; then echo 1 return ; fi; echo $[ $num * $(fact $[ $num - 1 ])] } bash-1.14.3/examples/functions/manpage 664 436 0 5332 5275252274 16051 0ustar chetwheel# Written from scratch by Tom Tromey (tromey@cns.caltech.edu) # # manpage -- find and print a manual page. # usage: manpage section name [printing] # function manpage () { local i h cmd zot sec local num="$1" local page="$2" local printing="$3" local mp mp="${MANPATH:-/usr/man}" if [ "$#" -lt 2 ]; then return 1; fi # should print usage if [ "$num" != "" ]; then sec="${num%%[a-zA-Z]*}" else sec='[168234571lnpo]' num="$sec" fi for i in $(echo "$mp" | tr : ' '); do if [ ! -d "$i" ]; then continue; fi file="$i"/man"$sec"/"$page"."$num"* set $file file="$1" if [ -f "$file" ]; then zot=$(head -1 "$file") cmd=${MANROFF:-"nroff -man - | col | cat -s"} h=${zot##"'"'\"'} if [ "$h" != "$zot" ]; then while [ "$h" != "" ]; do case "$h" in *e) cmd="${MANEQN:-neqn} | $cmd";; *r) cmd="refer | $cmd";; *t) cmd="tbl | $cmd";; *v) cmd="vgrind | $cmd";; *) ;; # should print error esac h=${h%?} done fi if [ "$printing" != "" ]; then (cd "$i"; eval "$cmd") < "$file" | ${PAGER:-more} else (cd "$i"; eval "$cmd") < "$file" > /tmp/manpage-$$ ${PAGER:-more} /tmp/manpage-$$ rm -f /tmp/manpage-$$ fi break fi done } function whatis_internal () { local j for j in $(echo "$MANPATH" | tr : ' '); do if [ -f "$j/whatis" ]; then eval $2 -i -e "$1" $j/whatis fi done } function whatis () { local name=$(basename "$1") whatis_internal "$name" "grep -w" } function apropos () { whatis_internal "$1" "fgrep" } # Note: "-" and "-t" together not supported. This man could be # made a lot better, but it does everything I want. function man () { local PAGER printing mpath MANROFF num mpath="${MANPATH:-/usr/man}" while true; do case "$1" in -) PAGER=cat printing= ;; -t) MANROFF=${TROFF:-"ptroff -man -t"} PAGER="${TCAT:-lpr}" printing=yes ;; -M) mpath="$2" shift;; *) break;; esac shift done local MANPATH="$mpath" case "$1" in -f | -k) local g a if [ "$1" = "-f" ]; then g="grep -w" a=$(basename "$2") else g=fgrep a="$2" fi whatis_internal "$a" "$g" ;; [0-9npol] | [0-9][a-z]* | new | public | old | local) if [ "$1" = "new" ]; then num=n elif [ "$1" = "public" ]; then num=p elif [ "$1" = "old" ]; then num=o elif [ "$1" = "local" ]; then num=l else num="$1" fi shift manpage "$num" "$1" "$printing" ;; *) manpage "$num" "$1" "$printing" ;; esac } bash-1.14.3/examples/functions/fstty 644 436 0 2035 5134373116 15576 0ustar chetwheel# # A function that works as a front end for both stty and the `bind' # builtin, so the tty driver and readline see the same changes # # # Convert between the stty ^H control character form and the readline \C-H # form # cvt() { echo "$@" | cat -v | sed 's/\^/\\C-/' } # # stty front-end. Parses the argument list and creates two command strings, # one for stty, another for bind. # fstty() { local cmd="" bargs="" local e while [ $# -gt 0 ] do case "$1" in -a) cmd="$cmd everything" ;; erase) shift; e=$(cvt "$1") cmd="$cmd erase $1" bargs="$bargs '\"$e\": backward-delete-char'" ;; kill) shift e=$(cvt "$1") cmd="$cmd kill $1" bargs="$bargs '\"$e\": unix-line-discard'" ;; werase) shift; e=$(cvt "$1") cmd="$cmd erase $1" bargs="$bargs '\"$e\": backward-kill-word'" ;; lnext) shift; e=$(cvt "$1") cmd="$cmd erase $1" bargs="$bargs '\"$e\": quoted-insert'" ;; *) cmd="$cmd $1" ;; esac shift done command stty $cmd if [ -n "$bargs" ]; then builtin bind $bargs fi } bash-1.14.3/examples/functions/jj.bash 644 436 0 157 5225126657 15736 0ustar chetwheeljj () { p=$(jobs $1); echo $p case "$p" in [*) echo matches '[*' ;; *) echo not a match\? ;; esac } bash-1.14.3/examples/functions/notify.bash 644 436 0 1334 5225124254 16650 0ustar chetwheeltrap _notify CHLD NOTIFY_ALL=false unset NOTIFY_LIST unalias false false() { return 1 } _notify () { local i j local newlist= if $NOTIFY_ALL then return # let bash take care of this itself elif [ -z "$NOTIFY_LIST" ]; then return else set -- $NOTIFY_LIST for i in "$@" do j=$(jobs -n %$i) if [ -n "$j" ]; then echo "$j" jobs -n %$i >/dev/null else newlist="newlist $i" fi done NOTIFY_LIST="$newlist" fi } notify () { local i j if [ $# -eq 0 ]; then NOTIFY_ALL=: set -b return else for i in "$@" do # turn a valid job spec into a job number j=$(jobs $i) case "$j" in [*) j=${j%%]*} j=${j#[} NOTIFY_LIST="$NOTIFY_LIST $j" ;; esac done fi } bash-1.14.3/examples/scripts/ 775 436 0 0 5620516000 14072 5ustar chetwheelbash-1.14.3/examples/scripts/shprompt 755 436 0 4260 5073057113 15763 0ustar chetwheel# # shprompt -- give a prompt and get an answer satisfying certain criteria # # shprompt [-dDfFsy] prompt # s = prompt for string # f = prompt for filename # F = prompt for full pathname to a file or directory # d = prompt for a directory name # D = prompt for a full pathname to a directory # y = prompt for y or n answer # # Chet Ramey # chet@ins.CWRU.Edu type=file OPTS=dDfFsy succeed() { echo "$1" exit 0 } while getopts "$OPTS" c do case "$c" in s) type=string ;; f) type=file ;; F) type=path ;; d) type=dir ;; D) type=dirpath ;; y) type=yesno ;; ?) echo "usage: $0 [-$OPTS] prompt" 1>&2 exit 2 ;; esac done if [ "$OPTIND" -gt 1 ] ; then shift $[$OPTIND - 1] fi while : do case "$type" in string) echo -n "$1" 1>&2 read ans || exit 1 if [ -n "$ans" ] ; then succeed "$ans" fi ;; file|path) echo -n "$1" 1>&2 read ans || exit 1 # # use `fn' and eval so that bash will do tilde expansion for # me # eval fn="$ans" case "$fn" in /*) if test -e "$fn" ; then succeed "$fn" else echo "$0: '$fn' does not exist" 1>&2 fi ;; *) if [ "$type" = "path" ] ; then echo "$0: must give full pathname to file" 1>&2 else if test -e "$fn" ; then succeed "$fn" else echo "$0: '$fn' does not exist" 1>&2 fi fi ;; esac ;; dir|dirpath) echo -n "$1" 1>&2 read ans || exit 1 # # use `fn' and eval so that bash will do tilde expansion for # me # eval fn="$ans" case "$fn" in /*) if test -d "$fn" ; then succeed "$fn" elif test -e "$fn" ; then echo "$0 '$fn' is not a directory" 1>&2 else echo "$0: '$fn' does not exist" 1>&2 fi ;; *) if [ "$type" = "dirpath" ] ; then echo "$0: must give full pathname to directory" 1>&2 else if test -d "$fn" ; then succeed "$fn" elif test -e "$fn" ; then echo "$0 '$fn' is not a directory" 1>&2 else echo "$0: '$fn' does not exist" 1>&2 fi fi ;; esac ;; yesno) echo -n "$1" 1>&2 read ans || exit 1 case "$ans" in y|Y|[yY][eE][sS]) succeed "yes" ;; n|N|[nN][oO]) succeed "no" exit 0 ;; *) echo "$0: yes or no required" 1>&2 ;; esac ;; esac done exit 1 bash-1.14.3/examples/scripts/adventure.sh 775 436 0 33071 5101074526 16540 0ustar chetwheel#!/bin/bash # ash -- "Adventure shell" # last edit: 86/04/21 D A Gwyn # SCCS ID: @(#)ash.sh 1.4 OPATH=$PATH ask() { echo -n "$@" '[y/n] ' read ans case "$ans" in y*|Y*) return 0 ;; *) return 1 ;; esac } CAT=${PAGER:-more} ash_inst() { cat <<- EOF Instructions for the Adventure shell Welcome to the Adventure shell! In this exploration of the UNIX file system, I will act as your eyes and hands. As you move around, I will describe whatever is visible and will carry out your commands. The general form of a command is Verb Object Extra_stuff. Most commands pay no attention to the "Extra_stuff", and many do not need an "Object". A typical command is get all which picks up all files in the current "room" (directory). You can find out what you are carrying by typing the command inventory The command "help" results in a full description of all commands that I understand. To quit the Adventure shell, type quit There are UNIX monsters lurking in the background. These are also known as "commands with arguments". Good luck! EOF } ash_help() { echo "I understand the following commands (synonyms in parentheses):" echo "" echo "change OBJECT to NEW_NAME changes the name of the object" echo "clone OBJECT as NEW_NAME duplicates the object" echo "drop OBJECTS leaves the objects in the room" echo "enter (go) PASSAGE takes the labeled passage" echo "examine OBJECTS describes the objects in detail" echo "feed OBJECT to MONSTER stuffs the object into a UNIX monster" echo "get (take) OBJECTS picks up the specified objects" echo "gripe (bug) report a problem with the Adventure shell" echo "help prints this summary" echo "inventory (i) tells what you are carrying" echo "kill (destroy) OBJECTS destroys the objects" echo "look (l) describes the room, including hidden objects" echo "open (read) OBJECT shows the contents of an object" echo "quit (exit) leaves the Adventure shell" echo "resurrect OBJECTS attempts to restore dead objects" echo "steal OBJECT from MONSTER obtains the object from a UNIX monster" echo "throw OBJECT at daemon feeds the object to the printer daemon" echo "up takes the overhead passage" echo "wake MONSTER awakens a UNIX monster" echo "where (w) tells you where you are" echo "xyzzy moves you to your home" } MAINT=chet@ins.cwru.edu PATH=/usr/ucb:/bin:/usr/bin:/usr/local/bin:. export PATH trap 'echo Ouch!' 2 3 #trap '' 18 # disable Berkeley job control ash_lk(){ echo " $1 " | fgrep " $2 " >&- 2>&-; } ash_pr(){ echo $* | tr ' ' '\012' | pr -5 -t -w75 -l$[ ( $# + 4 ) / 5 ]; } ash_rm(){ echo " $1 " | sed -e "s/ $2 / /" -e 's/^ //' -e 's/ $//'; } cd LIM=.limbo # $HOME/$LIM contains "destroyed" objects mkdir $LIM >&- 2>&- KNAP=.knapsack # $HOME/$KNAP contains objects being "carried" if [ ! -d $KNAP ] then mkdir $KNAP >&- 2>&- if [ $? = 0 ] then echo 'You found a discarded empty knapsack.' else echo 'You have no knapsack to carry things in.' exit 1 fi else echo 'One moment while I peek in your old knapsack...' fi kn=`echo \`ls -a $KNAP | sed -e '/^\.$/d' -e '/^\.\.$/d'\`` if ask 'Welcome to the Adventure shell! Do you need instructions?' then ash_inst echo -n 'Type a newline to continue: ' read fi wiz=false cha=false prev=$LIM while : do room=`pwd` if [ $room != $prev ] then if [ $room = $HOME ] then echo 'You are in your own home.' else echo "You have entered $room." fi exs= obs= hexs= hobs= f=false for i in `ls -a` do case $i in .|..) ;; .*) if [ -f $i ] then hobs="$hobs $i" elif [ -d $i ] then hexs="$hexs $i" else f=true fi ;; *) if [ -f $i ] then obs="$obs $i" elif [ -d $i ] then exs="$exs $i" else f=true fi ;; esac done if [ "$obs" ] then echo 'This room contains:' ash_pr $obs else echo 'The room looks empty.' fi if [ "$exs" ] then echo 'There are exits labeled:' ash_pr $exs echo 'as well as a passage overhead.' else echo 'There is a passage overhead.' fi if sh -c $f then echo 'There are shadowy figures in the corner.' fi prev=$room fi echo -n '-advsh> ' # prompt read verb obj x if [ $? != 0 ] then verb=quit # EOF fi case $verb in change) if [ "$obj" ] then if ash_lk "$obs $hobs" "$obj" then set -- $x case "$1" in to) if [ "$2" ] then if [ -f $2 ] then echo "You must destroy $2 first." set -- fi if [ "$2" ] then if mv $obj $2 >&- 2>&- then echo "The $obj shimmers and turns into $2." obs=`ash_rm "$2 $obs" "$obj"` else echo "There is a cloud of smoke but the $obj is unchanged." fi fi else echo 'To what?' fi ;; *) echo "Change $obj to what?" ;; esac else if ash_lk "$kn" "$obj" then echo 'You must drop it first.' else echo "I see no $obj here." fi fi else echo 'Change what?' fi ;; clone) if [ "$obj" ] then if ash_lk "$obs $hobs" "$obj" then if [ ! -r $obj ] then echo "The $obj does not wish to be cloned." else set -- $x case "$1" in as) if [ "$2" ] then if [ -f $2 ] then echo "You must destroy $2 first." else if cp $obj $2 >&- 2>&- then echo "Poof! When the smoke clears, you see the new $2." obs="$obs $2" else echo 'You hear a dull thud but no clone appears.' fi fi else echo 'As what?' fi ;; *) echo "Clone $obj as what?" ;; esac fi else if ash_lk "$kn" "$obj" then echo 'You must drop it first.' else echo "I see no $obj here." fi fi else echo 'Clone what?' fi ;; drop) if [ "$obj" ] then for it in $obj $x do if ash_lk "$kn" "$it" then if [ -w $it ] then echo "You must destroy $it first." else if mv $HOME/$KNAP/$it $it >&- 2>&- then echo "$it: dropped." kn=`ash_rm "$kn" "$it"` obs=`echo $it $obs` else echo "The $it is caught in your knapsack." fi fi else echo "You're not carrying the $it!" fi done else echo 'Drop what?' fi ;; enter|go) if [ "$obj" ] then if [ $obj != up ] then if ash_lk "$exs $hexs" "$obj" then if [ -x $obj ] then if cd $obj then echo 'You squeeze through the passage.' else echo "You can't go that direction." fi else echo 'An invisible force blocks your way.' fi else echo 'I see no such passage.' fi else if cd .. then echo 'You struggle upwards.' else echo "You can't reach that high." fi fi else echo 'Which passage?' fi ;; examine) if [ "$obj" ] then if [ $obj = all ] then $obj=`echo $obs $exs` x= fi for it in $obj $x do if ash_lk "$obs $hobs $exs $hexs" "$it" then echo "Upon close inspection of the $it, you see:" ls -ld $it 2>&- if [ $? != 0 ] then echo "-- when you look directly at the $it, it vanishes." fi else if ash_lk "$kn" "$it" then echo 'You must drop it first.' else echo "I see no $it here." fi fi done else echo 'Examine what?' fi ;; feed) if [ "$obj" ] then if ash_lk "$obs $hobs" "$obj" then set -- $x case "$1" in to) if [ "$2" ] then shift if PATH=$OPATH $* <$obj 2>&- then echo "The $1 monster devours your $obj." if rm -f $obj >&- 2>&- then obs=`ash_rm "$obs" "$obj"` else echo 'But he spits it back up.' fi else echo "The $1 monster holds his nose in disdain." fi else echo 'To what?' fi ;; *) echo "Feed $obj to what?" ;; esac else if ash_lk "$kn" "$obj" then echo 'You must drop it first.' else echo "I see no $obj here." fi fi else echo 'Feed what?' fi ;; get|take) if [ "$obj" ] then if [ $obj = all ] then obj="$obs" x= fi for it in $obj $x do if ash_lk "$obs $hobs" "$it" then if ash_lk "$kn" "$it" then echo 'You already have one.' else if mv $it $HOME/$KNAP/$it >&- 2>&- then echo "$it: taken." kn="$it $kn" obs=`ash_rm "$obs" "$it"` else echo "The $it is too heavy." fi fi else echo "I see no $it here." fi done else echo 'Get what?' fi ;; gripe|bug) echo 'Please describe the problem and your situation at the time it failed.\nEnd the bug report with a line containing just a Ctrl-D.' cat | mail $MAINT -s 'ash bug' echo 'Thank you!' ;; help) ash_help ;; inventory|i) if [ "$kn" ] then echo 'Your knapsack contains:' ash_pr $kn else echo 'You are poverty-stricken.' fi ;; kill|destroy) if [ "$obj" ] then if [ $obj = all ] then x= if ask "Do you really want to attempt to $verb them all?" then obj=`echo $obs` else echo 'Chicken!' obj= fi fi for it in $obj $x do if ash_lk "$obs $hobs" "$it" then if mv $it $HOME/$LIM <&- >&- 2>&- then if [ $verb = kill ] then echo "The $it cannot defend himself; he dies." else echo "You have destroyed the $it; it vanishes." fi obs=`ash_rm "$obs" "$it"` else if [ $verb = kill ] then echo "Your feeble blows are no match for the $it." else echo "The $it is indestructible." fi fi else if ash_lk "$kn" "$it" then echo "You must drop the $it first." found=false else echo "I see no $it here." fi fi done else echo 'Kill what?' fi ;; look|l) obs=`echo $obs $hobs` hobs= if [ "$obs" ] then echo 'The room contains:' ash_pr $obs else echo 'The room is empty.' fi exs=`echo $exs $hexs` hexs= if [ "$exs" ] then echo 'There are exits plainly labeled:' ash_pr $exs echo 'and a passage directly overhead.' else echo 'The only exit is directly overhead.' fi ;; magic) if [ "$obj" = mode ] then if sh -c $cha then echo 'You had your chance and you blew it.' else if ask 'Are you a wizard?' then echo -n 'Prove it! Say the magic word: ' read obj if [ "$obj" = armadillo ] then echo 'Yes, master!!' wiz=true else echo "Homie says: I don't think so" cha=true fi else echo "I didn't think so." fi fi else echo 'Nice try.' fi ;; open|read) if [ "$obj" ] then if ash_lk "$obs $hobs" "$obj" then if [ -r $obj ] then if [ -s $obj ] then echo "Opening the $obj reveals:" $CAT < $obj if [ $? != 0 ] then echo '-- oops, you lost the contents!' fi else echo "There is nothing inside the $obj." fi else echo "You do not have the proper tools to open the $obj." fi else if ash_lk "$kn" "$obj" then echo 'You must drop it first.' found=false else echo "I see no $obj here." fi fi else echo 'Open what?' fi ;; quit|exit) if ask 'Do you really want to quit now?' then if [ "$kn" ] then echo 'The contents of your knapsack will still be there next time.' fi rm -rf $HOME/$LIM echo 'See you later!' exit 0 fi ;; resurrect) if [ "$obj" ] then for it in $obj $x do if ash_lk "$obs $hobs" "$it" then echo "The $it is already alive and well." else if mv $HOME/$LIM/$it $it <&- >&- 2>&- then echo "The $it staggers to his feet." obs=`echo $it $obs` else echo "There are sparks but no $it appears." fi fi done else echo 'Resurrect what?' fi ;; steal) if [ "$obj" ] then if ash_lk "$obs $hobs" "$obj" then echo 'There is already one here.' else set -- $x case "$1" in from) if [ "$2" ] then shift if PATH=$OPATH $* >$obj 2>&- then echo "The $1 monster drops the $obj." obs=`echo $obj $obs` else echo "The $1 monster runs away as you approach." rm -f $obj >&- 2>&- fi else echo 'From what?' fi ;; *) echo "Steal $obj from what?" ;; esac fi else echo 'Steal what?' fi ;; throw) if [ "$obj" ] then if ash_lk "$obs $hobs" "$obj" then set -- $x case "$1" in at) case "$2" in daemon) if sh -c "lpr -r $obj" then echo "The daemon catches the $obj, turns it into paper,\nand leaves it in the basket." obs=`ash_rm "$obs" "$obj"` else echo "The daemon is nowhere to be found." fi ;; *) echo 'At what?' ;; esac ;; *) echo "Throw $obj at what?" ;; esac else if ash_lk "$kn" "$obj" then echo 'It is in your knapsack.' found=false else echo "I see no $obj here." fi fi else echo 'Throw what?' fi ;; u|up) if cd .. then echo 'You pull yourself up a level.' else echo "You can't reach that high." fi ;; wake) if [ "$obj" ] then echo "You awaken the $obj monster:" PATH=$OPATH $obj $x echo 'The monster slithers back into the darkness.' else echo 'Wake what?' fi ;; w|where) echo "You are in $room." ;; xyzzy) if cd then echo 'A strange feeling comes over you.' else echo 'Your spell fizzles out.' fi ;; *) if [ "$verb" ] then if sh -c $wiz then PATH=$OPATH $verb $obj $x else echo "I don't know how to \"$verb\"." echo 'Type "help" for assistance.' fi else echo 'Say something!' fi ;; esac done bash-1.14.3/examples/scripts/precedence 664 436 0 2277 5562316565 16225 0ustar chetwheel# @(#)precedence_test 1.0 91/07/24 Maarten Litmaath # test of relative precedences for `&&' and `||' operators echo "\`Say' echos its argument. Its return value is of no interest." case `echo -n` in '') Say () { echo -n "$*" ; } ;; *) Say () { echo "$*\c" ; } ;; esac echo "\`Truth' echos its argument and returns a TRUE result." Truth () { Say $1; return 0; } echo "\`False' echos its argument and returns a FALSE result." False () { Say $1; return 1; } echo "" cmd1='$open $test1 && $test2 $close || $test3' cmd2='$test1 || $open $test2 && $test3 $close' grouping_sh= grouping_C='( )' test3='Say 3' for i in 1 2 do eval proto=\$cmd$i for test1 in 'Truth 1' 'False 1' do for test2 in 'Truth 2' 'False 2' do for precedence in sh C do eval set x \$grouping_$precedence shift open=${1-' '} close=${2-' '} eval cmd=\""$proto"\" Say "$cmd output=" output=`eval "$cmd"` Say "$output" read correct || { echo 'Input fubar. Abort.' >&2; exit 1; } test "X$output" = "X$correct" || echo " correct=$correct" echo '' done echo '' done done done << EOF 12 12 123 123 13 13 13 13 13 1 13 1 123 123 12 12 EOF bash-1.14.3/examples/scripts/bcsh.sh 664 436 0 66530 5147002106 15460 0ustar chetwheel# 1-Feb-86 09:37:35-MST,30567;000000000001 # Return-Path: # Received: from BRL-TGR.ARPA by SIMTEL20.ARPA with TCP; Sat 1 Feb 86 09:36:16-MST # Received: from usenet by TGR.BRL.ARPA id a002623; 1 Feb 86 9:33 EST # From: chris # Newsgroups: net.sources # Subject: Improved Bcsh (Bourne Shell Cshell-Emulator) # Message-ID: <219@globetek.UUCP> # Date: 30 Jan 86 17:34:26 GMT # To: unix-sources@BRL-TGR.ARPA # # This is a new, improved version of my Bourne shell cshell-emulator. # The code has been cleaned up quite a bit, and a couple of new features # added (now supports 'noclobber' and 'iclobber' variables). A bug with # 'eval' that caused "illegal I/O" error messages on vanilla V7 shells has # also been fixed. # I have posted the program in its entirety because a context diff of the # old and new versions was longer than the new version... # --Chris # Bcsh -- A Simple Cshell-Like Command Pre-Processor For The Bourne Shell # # "Copyright (c) Chris Robertson, December 1985" # # This software may be used for any purpose provided the original # copyright notice and this notice are affixed thereto. No warranties of # any kind whatsoever are provided with this software, and it is hereby # understood that the author is not liable for any damagages arising # from the use of this software. # # Features Which the Cshell Does Not Have: # ---------------------------------------- # # + command history persists across bcsh sessions # + global last-command editing via 'g^string1^string2^' syntax # + edit any command via $EDITOR or $VISUAL editors # + history file name, .bcshrc file name, alias file name, and number # of commands saved on termination can be set by environment variables # + prompt may evaluate commands, such as `pwd`, `date`, etc. # + the whole text of interactive 'for' and 'while' loops and 'if' # statements goes into the history list and may be re-run or edited # + multiple copies of commands and requests to see command history # are not added to the history list # + the history mechanism actually stores all commands entered in a # current session, not just $history of them. This means that you # can increase $history on the fly and at once have a larger history. # # # Synonyms: # --------- # # logout, exit, bye write out history file and exit # h, history show current history list # # # Aliases: # -------- # # alias NAME CMND create an alias called NAME to run CMND # unalias NAME remove the alias NAME # # There are no 'current-session only' aliases -- all alias and unalias # commands are permanent, and stored in the $aliasfile. # # If an alias contains positional variables -- $1, $2, $*, etc. -- any # arguments following the alias name are considered to be values for # those variables, and the alias is turned into a command of the form # 'set - arguments;alias'. Otherwise, a simple substitution is performed # for the alias and the rest of the command preserved. The cshell # convention of using '\!:n' in an alias to get bits of the current # command is mercifully abandoned. # # Quotes are not necessary around the commands comprising an alias; # in fact, any enclosing quotes are stripped when the alias is added # to the file. # # A couple of typical aliases might be: # # goto cd $1;pwd # l ls -F # # Note that aliasing something to "commands;logout" will not work -- if # you want something to happen routinely on logout put it in the file # specified by $logoutfile, default = $HOME/.blogout. # # # Command Substitutions: # ---------------------- # # !! substitute last command from history list # !!:N substitute Nth element of last command from # history list -- 0 = command name, 1 = 1st arg # !!:$ substitute last element of last command from # history list # !!:* substitute all arguments to last command # from history list # !NUMBER substitute command NUMBER from the history list # !NUMBER:N as above, but substitute Nth element, where # 0 = command name, 1 = 1st arg, etc. # !NUMBER:$ as above, but substitute last element # !NUMBER:* as above, but substitute all arguments # !-NUMBER substitute the command NUMBER lines from the # end of the history list; 1 = last command # !-NUMBER:N as above, but substitute Nth element, where # 0 = command name, 1 = 1st arg, etc. # !-NUMBER:$ as above, but substitute last element # !-NUMBER:* as above, but substitute all arguments # !?STRING substitute most-recent command from history list # containing STRING -- STRING must be enclosed in # braces if followed by any other characters # !?STRING:N as above, but substitute Nth element, where # 0 = command name, 1 = 1st arg, etc. # !?STRING:$ as above, but substitute last element # !?STRING:* as above, but substitute all arguments # # # Command Editing: # ---------------- # # CMND~e edit CMND using $EDITOR, where CMND may be found # using a history substitution # CMND~v edit CMND using $VISUAL, where CMND may be found # using a history substitution # " ^string1^string2^ substitute string2 for string1 in last command" # command and run it # " g^string1^string2^ globally substitute string2 for string1 in " # last command and run it # !NUMBER:s/string1/string2/ # substitute string2 for string1 in # command NUMBER and run it # !NUMBER:gs/string1/string2/ # globally substitute string2 for string1 in # command NUMBER and run it # !?STRING:s/string1/string2/ # substitute string2 for string1 in last command # containing STRING and run it # !?STRING:gs/string1/string2/ # globally substitute string2 for string1 in last # command containing STRING and run it # # Any command which ends in the string ":p" is treated as a normal # command until all substitutions have been completed. The trailing # ":p" is then stripped, and the command is simply echoed and added to # the history list instead of being executed. # # None of the other colon extensions of the cshell are supported. # # # Shell Environment Variables: # ---------------------------- # # EDITOR editor used by ~e command, default = "ed" # VISUAL editor used by ~v command, default = "vi" # MAIL your system mailbox # PAGER paging program used by history command, default = "more" # PS1 primary prompt # PS2 secondary prompt # history number of commands in history list, default = 22 # histfile file history list is saved in, default = $HOME/.bhistory # savehist number of commands remembered from last bcsh session # aliasfile file of aliased commands, default = $HOME/.baliases # logoutfile file of commands to be executed before termination # inc_cmdno yes/no -- keep track of command numbers or not # noclobber if set, existing files are not overwritten by '>' # iclobber if both noclobber and iclobber are set, the user is # prompted for confirmation before existing files are # overwritten by '>' # # Note: if you are setting either noclobber or iclobber mid-session, # set them to 'yes' # # # Regular Shell Variables: # ------------------------ # # Shell variables may be set via Bourne or cshell syntax, e.g., both # "set foo=bar" and "foo=bar" set a variable called "foo" with the value # "bar". However, all variables are automatically set as environment # variables, so there is no need to export them. Conversely, there # are NO local variables. Sorry, folks. # # A cshell-style "setenv" command is turned into a regular "set" command. # # # The Prompt: # ---------- # # You may, if you wish, have a command executed in your prompt. If # the variable PS1 contains a dollar sign or a backquote, it is # evaluated and the result used as the prompt, provided the evaluation # did not produce a "not found" error message. The two special cases # of PS1 consisting solely of "$" or "$ " are handled correctly. For # example, to have the prompt contain the current directory followed # by a space, enter: # # PS1=\'echo "`pwd` "\' # # You need the backslashed single quotes to prevent the command being # evaluated by the variable-setting mechanism and the shell before it # is assigned to PS1. # # To include the command number in your prompt, enter the command: # # PS1=\'echo "$cmdno "\' # # # Shell Control-Flow Syntax: # -------------------------- # # 'While', 'for', 'case', and 'if' commands entered in Bourne shell # syntax are executed as normal. # # A valiant attempt is made to convert 'foreach' loops into 'for' loops, # cshell-syntax 'while' loops into Bourne shell syntax, and 'switch' # statements into 'case' statements. I cannot guarantee to always get it # right. If you forget the 'do' in a 'while' or 'for' loop, or finish # them with 'end' instead of 'done', this will be corrected. # # Note that cshell-to-Bourne control flow conversions do not take place # if control is nested -- e.g., a 'foreach' inside a 'while' will fail. # # The simple-case cshell "if (condition) command" is turned into Bourne # syntax. Other 'if' statements are left alone apart from making the # 'then' a separate statement, because constructing a valid interactive # cshell 'if' statement is essentially an exercise in frustration anyway. # The cshell and Bourne shell have sufficiently different ideas about # conditions that if is probably best to resign yourself to learning # the Bourne shell conventions. # # Note that since most of the testing built-ins of the cshell are # not available in the Bourne shell, a complex condition in a 'while' # loop or an 'if' statement will probably fail. # # # Bugs, Caveats, etc.: # -------------------- # # This is not a super-speedy program. Be patient, especially on startup. # # To the best of my knowledge this program should work on ANY Bourne # shell -- note that if your shell does not understand 'echo -n' you # will have to re-set the values of '$n' and '$c'. # # This program may run out of stack space on a 16-bit machine where # /bin/sh is not split-space. # # Mail checking is done every 10 commands if $MAIL is set in your # environment. For anything fancier, you will have to hack the code. # # Because commands are stuffed in a file before sh is invoked on them, # error messages from failed commands are ugly. # # Failed history substitutions either give nothing at all, or a # "not found" style of error message. # # A command history is kept whether you want it or not. This may be # perceived as a bug or a feature, depending on which side of bed you # got out on. # # If you want a real backslash in a command, you will have to type two # of them because the shell swallows the first backslash in the initial # command pickup. This means that to include a non-history '!' in a # command you need '\\!' -- a real wart, especially for net mail, # but unavoidable. # # Commands containing an '@' will break all sorts of things. # # Very complex history substitutions may fail. # # File names containing numbers may break numeric history sustitutions. # # Commands containing bizzare sequences of characters may conflict # with internal kludges. # # Aliasing something to "commands;logout" will not work -- if you # want something to happen routinely on logout, put it in the file # specified by $logoutfile, default = $HOME/.blogout. # # Please send all bug reports to ihnp4!utzoo!globetek!chris. # Flames will be posted to net.general with 'Reply-to' set to your # ' path... :-) ' # # # # ************* VERY IMPORTANT NOTICE ************* # # If your shell supports # comments, then REPLACE all the colon 'comments' # with # comments. If it does not, then REMOVE all the 'comment' lines from the # working copy of the file, as it will run MUCH faster -- the shell evaluates # lines starting with a colon but does not actually execute them, so you will # save the read-and-evaluate time by removing them. case "`echo -n foo`" in -n*) n= c="\c" ;; foo) n=-n c= ;; *) echo "Your 'echo' command is broken." exit 1 ;; esac history=${history-22} savehist=${savehist-22} histfile=${histfile-$HOME/.bhistory} logoutfile=${logoutfile-$HOME/.blogout} EDITOR=${EDITOR-ed} VISUAL=${VISUAL-vi} PAGER=${PAGER-more} aliasfile=${aliasfile-$HOME/.baliases} # the alias file may contain 1 blank line, so a test -s will not work case "`cat $aliasfile 2> /dev/null`" in "") doalias=no ;; *) doalias=yes ;; esac if test -s "${sourcefile-$HOME/.bcshrc}" then . ${sourcefile-$HOME/.bcshrc} fi if test -s "$histfile" then cmdno="`set - \`wc -l $histfile\`;echo $1`" cmdno="`expr \"$cmdno\" + 1`" lastcmd="`tail -1 $histfile`" copy=false ohist=$histfile while test ! -w "$histfile" do echo "Cannot write to history file '$histfile'." echo $n "Please enter a new history filename: $c" read histfile copy=true done if $copy then cp $ohist $histfile fi else cat /dev/null > $histfile cmdno=1 lastcmd= fi # keep track of command number as the default inc_cmdno=${inc_cmdo-yes} # default prompts -- PS1 and PS2 may be SET but EMPTY, so '${PS1-% }' syntax # is not used here case "$PS1" in "") PS1="% " ;; esac case "$PS2" in "") PS2="> " ;; esac export histfile savehist history aliasfile EDITOR VISUAL PAGER cmdno PS1 PS2 case "$MAIL" in "") ;; *) if [ -f $MAIL ]; then mailsize=`set - \`wc -c $MAIL\`;echo $1` else mailsize=0 fi ;; esac trap ':' 2 trap exit 3 trap "tail -$savehist $histfile>/tmp/hist$$;uniq /tmp/hist$$ > $histfile;\ rm -f /tmp/*$$;exit 0" 15 getcmd=yes mailcheck= exclaim= echoit= mailprompt= while : do run=yes case "$mailprompt" in "") ;; *) echo "$mailprompt" ;; esac case "$getcmd" in yes) : guess if the prompt should be evaluated or not case "$PS1" in \$|\$\ ) echo $n "$PS1$c" ;; *\`*|*\$*) tmp="`(eval $PS1) 2>&1`" case "$tmp" in *not\ found) echo $n "$PS1$c" ;; *) echo $n "$tmp$c" ;; esac ;; *) echo $n "$PS1$c" ;; esac read cmd || cmd="exit" ;; *) ;; esac case "$MAIL" in "") ;; *) : check for mail every 10 commands case "$mailcheck" in 1111111111) mailcheck= if [ -f $MAIL ]; then newsize="`set - \`wc -c $MAIL\`;echo $1`" else newsize=0 fi if test "$newsize" -gt "$mailsize"; then mailprompt="You have new mail" else mailprompt= fi mailsize=$newsize ;; *) mailcheck=1$mailcheck ;; esac ;; esac hist=no case "$cmd" in "") continue ;; sh) sh run=no ;; !!) cmd=$lastcmd echoit=yes getcmd=no continue ;; *:p) cmd="`expr \"$cmd\" : '\(.*\):p'` +~+p" getcmd=no continue ;; foreach[\ \ ]*) while test "$line" != "end"; do echo $n "$PS2$c" read line cmd="${cmd};$line" done echo "$cmd" > /tmp/bcsh$$ ed - /tmp/bcsh$$ << ++++ s/end/done/ s/foreach[ ]\(.*\)(/for \1 in / s/)// s/;/;do / w ++++ ;; for[\ \ ]*|while[\ \ ]*) # try to catch the most common cshell-to-Bourne-shell # mistakes echo $n "$PS2$c" read line case "$line" in *do) line="do :" ;; *do*) ;; *) line="do $line" ;; esac cmd="${cmd};$line" while test "$line" != "done" -a "$line" != "end" do echo $n "$PS2$c" read line case "$line" in end) line=done ;; esac cmd="${cmd};$line" done echo "$cmd" > /tmp/bcsh$$ ;; if[\ \ ]*) while test "$line" != "fi" -a "$line" != "endif" do echo $n "$PS2$c" read line case "$line" in *[a-z]*then) line="`expr \"$line\" : '\(.*\)then'`;then" ;; endif) line=fi ;; esac cmd="${cmd};$line" done echo "$cmd" > /tmp/bcsh$$ case "`grep then /tmp/bcsh$$`" in "") # fix 'if foo bar' cases ed - /tmp/bcsh$$ << ++++ s/)/);then/ s/.*/;fi/ w ++++ ;; esac ;; case[\ \ ]*) while test "$line" != "esac" do echo $n "$PS2$c" read line cmd="${cmd}@$line" done cmd="`echo \"$cmd\" | tr '@' ' '`" echo "$cmd" > /tmp/bcsh$$ ;; switch[\ \ ]*) while test "$line" != "endsw" do echo $n "$PS2$c" read line cmd="${cmd}@$line" done echo "$cmd" > /tmp/bcsh$$ ed - /tmp/bcsh$$ << '++++' 1,$s/@/\ /g g/switch.*(/s//case "/ s/)/" in/ 1,$s/case[ ]\(.*\):$/;;\ \1)/ 2d 1,$s/endsw/;;\ esac/ g/breaksw/s/// 1,$s/default.*/;;\ *)/ w ++++ cmd="`cat /tmp/bcsh$$`" ;; *!*) hist=yes ;; esac case "$hist" in yes) # deal with genuine exclamation marks, go back and parse again case "$cmd" in *\>![\ \ ]*|*\\!*) cmd="`echo \"$cmd\" | sed -e 's@\\!@REALEXCLAMATIONMARK@g'`" exclaim=yes getcmd=no continue ;; esac # break command into elements, parse each one tmp= for i in $cmd do # find element with !, peel off stuff up to ! case "$i" in !) # most likely a typo for !!, so fix it front= $i=!! ;; !!*) front= i="`expr \"$i\" : '.*\(!!.*\)'`" ;; *!!*) front="`expr \"$i\" : '\(.*\)!!.*'`" i="`expr \"$i\" : '.*\(!!.*\)'`" ;; !*) front= i="`expr \"$i\" : '.*!\(.*\)'`" ;; *) tmp="$tmp$i " continue ;; esac case "$i" in !!*) # want last command rest="`expr \"$i\" : '!!\(.*\)'`" i=$lastcmd ;; -*) # we want to search back through the history list case "$i" in -) rest="`expr \"$i\" : '-\(.*\)'`" i=$lastcmd ;; -[0-9]*) wanted="`expr \"$i\" : '-\([0-9][0-9]*\).*'`" rest="`expr \"$i\" : '-[0-9][0-9]*\(.*\)'`" i="`tail -$wanted $histfile | sed -e "1q"`" ;; esac ;; [0-9]*) # find which number command is wanted wanted="`expr \"$i\" : '\([0-9][0-9]*\).*'`" rest="`expr \"$i\" : '[0-9][0-9]*\(.*\)'`" i="`grep -n . $histfile | grep \"^$wanted\"`" i="`expr \"$i\" : \"${wanted}.\(.*\)\"`" ;; \?*) # find which 'command-contains' match is wanted case "$i" in \?{*}*) wanted="`expr \"$i\" : '?{\(.*\)}.*'`" rest="`expr \"$i\" : '?.*}\(.*\)'`" ;; \?*:*) wanted="`expr \"$i\" : '?\(.*\):.*'`" rest="`expr \"$i\" : '?.*\(:.*\)'`" ;; \?*) wanted="`expr \"$i\" : '?\(.*\)'`" rest= ;; esac i="`grep \"$wanted\" $histfile | tail -1`" ;; *) # find which 'start-of-command' match is wanted case "$i" in {*}*) wanted="`expr \"$i\" : '{\(.*\)}.*'`" rest="`expr \"$i\" : '.*}\(.*\)'`" ;; *:*) wanted="`expr \"$i\" : '\(.*\):.*'`" rest="`expr \"$i\" : '.*\(:.*\)'`" ;; *) wanted="$i" rest= ;; esac i="`grep \"^$wanted\" $histfile | tail -1`" ;; esac # see if we actually found anything to substitute case "$i" in "") badsub="Event not found" break ;; *) badsub=no ;; esac case "$rest" in "") tmp="$front$tmp$i " continue ;; :[0-9]*) # find which element of $i is wanted number="`expr \"$rest\" : ':\([0-9][0-9]*\).*'`" rest="`expr \"$rest\" : ':[0-9][0-9]*\(.*\)'`" # count through $i till we get to the # right element counter=0 for element in $i do case "$counter" in $number) break ;; *) counter="`expr \"$counter\" + 1`" # counter=$[ $counter + 1 ] ;; esac done case "$counter" in $number) badsub=no ;; *) badsub="Bad command element" break ;; esac tmp="$tmp$front$element$rest " continue ;; :\$*) # spin through $i till we hit the last element rest="`expr \"$rest\" : ':\$\(.*\)'`" for element in $i do : done tmp="$tmp$front$element$rest " continue ;; :\**) # we want all elements except the command itself rest="`expr \"$rest\" : ':\*\(.*\)'`" save=$i set - $i shift case "$*" in "") badsub="No arguments to command '$save'" break ;; *) badsub=no ;; esac tmp="$tmp$front$*$rest " continue ;; :s*|:gs*) # we are doing a substitution # put / on end if needed case "$rest" in :s/*/*/*|:gs/*/*/*) ;; :s/*/*|:gs/*/*) rest="${rest}/" ;; esac # find what substitution is wanted first="`expr \"$rest\" : ':*s\/\(.*\)\/.*\/.*'`" second="`expr \"$i\" : ':*s/.*/\(.*\)/.*'`" # see if it is a global substitution case "$rest" in :gs*) global=g ;; :s*) global= ;; esac rest="`expr \"$rest\" : '.*/.*/.*/\(.*\)'`" i="`echo \"$i\" | sed -e \"s@$first@$second@$global\"`" # see if subsitution worked case "$i" in "") badsub="Substiution failed" break ;; *) badsub=no ;; esac tmp="$tmp$front$i$rest " continue ;; *) tmp="$tmp$front$i$rest " ;; esac done case "$badsub" in no) ;; *) echo "$badsub" badsub=no continue ;; esac cmd="$tmp" echoit=yes getcmd=no continue ;; *) run=yes ;; esac case "$cmd" in *\^*\^*\^*) # see if the substitution is global case "$cmd" in g*) global=g ;; *) global= ;; esac # put a '^' on the end if necessary case "$cmd" in *\^) ;; *) cmd="${cmd}^" ;; esac # find what substitution is wanted first="`expr \"$cmd\" : '*\^\(.*\)\^.*\^.*'`" second="`expr \"$cmd\" : '*\^.*\^\(.*\)\^.*'`" rest="`expr \"$cmd\" : '*\^.*\^.*\^\(.*\)'`" cmd="`echo \"$lastcmd\" | sed -e \"s@$first@$second@$global\"`$rest" # see if the substitution worked case "$cmd" in "") echo "Substitution failed" continue ;; esac echoit=yes getcmd=no continue ;; *~e) echo "$cmd" | sed -e "s@~e@@" > /tmp/bcsh$$ $EDITOR /tmp/bcsh$$ cmd="`cat /tmp/bcsh$$`" getcmd=no continue ;; *~v) echo "$cmd" | sed -e "s@~v@@" > /tmp/bcsh$$ echo "$lastcmd" > /tmp/bcsh$$ $VISUAL /tmp/bcsh$$ cmd="`cat /tmp/bcsh$$`" getcmd=no continue ;; exec[\ \ ]*) tail -$savehist $histfile>/tmp/hist$$ uniq /tmp/hist$$ > $histfile rm -f /tmp/*$$ echo $cmd > /tmp/cmd$$ . /tmp/cmd$$ ;; login[\ \ ]*|newgrp[\ \ ]*) tail -$savehist $histfile>/tmp/hist$$ uniq /tmp/hist$$ > $histfile rm -f /tmp/*$$ echo $cmd > /tmp/cmd$$ . /tmp/cmd$$ ;; logout|exit|bye) if test -s "$logoutfile" then # sh $logoutfile $SHELL $logoutfile fi tail -$savehist $histfile > /tmp/hist$$ uniq /tmp/hist$$ > $histfile rm -f /tmp/*$$ exit 0 ;; h|history) grep -n . $histfile | tail -$history | sed -e 's@:@ @' | $PAGER continue ;; h[\ \ ]\|*|h[\ \ ]\>*|h\|*|h\>*) cmd="`echo \"$cmd\" | sed -e \"s@h@grep -n . $histfile | tail -$history | sed -e 's@:@ @'@\"`" getcmd=no continue ;; history[\ \ ]*\|*|history[\ \ ]*\>*) cmd="`echo \"$cmd\" | sed -e \"s@history@grep -n . $histfile | tail -$history | sed -e 's@:@ @'@\"`" getcmd=no continue ;; source[\ \ ]*) set - $cmd shift echo . $* > /tmp/cmd$$ . /tmp/cmd$$ run=no ;; wait) wait run=no ;; .[\ \ ]*) echo $cmd > /tmp/cmd$$ . /tmp/cmd$$ run=no ;; cd|cd[\ \ ]*) # check if it will work first, or else this shell will terminate # if the cd dies. If you have a built-in test, you might want # to replace the try-it-and-see below with a couple of tests, # but it is probably just as fast like this. echo $cmd > /tmp/cmd$$ if ($SHELL /tmp/cmd$$) ; then . /tmp/cmd$$ fi run=no ;; awk[\ \ ]*|dd[\ \ ]*|cc[\ \ ]*|make[\ \ ]*) # these are the only commands I can think of whose syntax # includes an equals sign. Add others as you find them. echo "$cmd" > /tmp/bcsh$$ ;; setenv*|*=*) # handle setting shell variables, turning cshell syntax to Bourne # syntax -- note all variables must be exported or they will not # be usable in other commands echo "$cmd" > /tmp/cmd$$ ed - /tmp/cmd$$ << ++++ g/^setenv[ ]/s/[ ]/@/ g/^setenv@/s/[ ]/=/ g/^setenv@/s/// g/^set/s/// .t. \$s/=.*// s/^/export / w ++++ . /tmp/cmd$$ rm -f /tmp/cmd$$ run=no ;; unset[\ \ ]*|umask[\ \ ]*|export[\ \ ]*|set[\ \ ]*) # handle commands which twiddle current environment $cmd run=no ;; alias|alias[\ \ ]) if [ -f $aliasfile ]; then $PAGER $aliasfile fi lastcmd=$cmd run=no continue ;; alias[\ \ ]*) case "$cmd" in alias[\ \ ]\|*|alias[\ \ ]\>*) cmd="`echo \"$cmd\" | sed -e \"s@alias@cat $aliasfile@\"`" getcmd=no continue ;; alias[\ \ ]*[\ \ ]*) ;; *) echo "Syntax: alias name command" cmd= continue ;; esac set - $cmd shift cmd="$*" # make sure there is always 1 blank line in file so # unaliasing will always work -- ed normally refuses # to write an empty file echo "" >> $aliasfile cat << ++++ >> $aliasfile $cmd ++++ # ed - $aliasfile << '++++' # g/alias[ ]/s/// # g/^['"]\(.*\)['"]$/s//\1/ # g/^/s//alias / # w #++++ sort -u -o $aliasfile $aliasfile doalias=yes cmd="alias $cmd" run=no ;; unalias[\ \ ]*) set - $cmd case "$#" in 2) cmd=$2 ;; *) echo "Syntax: unalias alias_name" continue ;; esac ed - $aliasfile << ++++ /^$cmd[ ]/d w ++++ case "`set - \`wc -l $aliasfile\`;echo $1`" in 1) # just removed last alias doalias=no ;; esac run=no ;; *) case "$doalias" in yes) set - $cmd tmp="`grep \"^$1 \" $aliasfile`" case "$tmp" in $1[\ \ ]*) shift cmd=$* set - $tmp shift tmp=$* case "$tmp" in *\$*) # uses positional variables cmd="set - $cmd ; $tmp" getcmd=no continue ;; *) cmd="$tmp $cmd" getcmd=no continue ;; esac ;; *) echo "$cmd" > /tmp/bcsh$$ ;; esac ;; no) echo "$cmd" > /tmp/bcsh$$ ;; esac ;; esac case "$cmd" in *+~+p) cmd="`expr \"$cmd\" : '\(.*\)+~+p'`" echoit=yes run=no ;; esac case "$cmd" in "") continue ;; *) case "$exclaim" in yes) cmd="`echo \"$cmd\" | sed -e 's@REALEXCLAMATIONMARK@!@g'`" echo "$cmd" > /tmp/bcsh$$ ;; esac case "$echoit" in yes) echo $cmd ;; esac case "$run" in yes) case "${noclobber+yes}" in yes) case "$cmd" in *\>![\ \ ]*) ed - /tmp/bcsh$$ << ++++ g/>!/s//>/ w ++++ ;; *\>\>*) ;; *\>*) outfile="`expr \"$cmd\" : '.*>\(.*\)'`" case "$outfile" in \&*) ;; *) set - $outfile outfile="$1" if test -s "$outfile" then case "${iclobber+yes}" in yes) echo $n "Overwrite ${outfile}? $c" read answer case "$answer" in y*) ;; *) echo ':' > /tmp/bcsh$$ ;; esac ;; *) echo "${outfile}: file exists" echo ':' > /tmp/bcsh$$ ;; esac fi ;; esac ;; esac ;; *) case "$cmd" in *\>![\ \ ]*) ed - /tmp/bcsh$$ << ++++ g/>!/s//>/g w ++++ ;; esac ;; esac (trap 'exit 1' 2 3; $BASH /tmp/bcsh$$) ;; esac case "$cmd" in $lastcmd) ;; *) case "$exclaim" in yes) cmd="`echo \"$cmd\" | sed -e 's@!@\\\\!@g'`" ;; esac cat << ++++ >> $histfile $cmd ++++ lastcmd=$cmd case "$inc_cmdno" in yes) cmdno="`expr \"$cmdno\" + 1`" # cmdno=$[$cmdno + 1] ;; esac ;; esac ;; esac # The next commented-out line sets the prompt to include the command # number -- you should only un-comment this if it is the ONLY thing # you ever want as your prompt, because it will override attempts # to set PS1 from the command level. If you want the command number # in your prompt without sacrificing the ability to change the prompt # later, replace the default setting for PS1 before the beginning of # the main loop with the following: PS1='echo -n "${cmdno}% "' # Doing it this way is, however, slower than the simple version below. PS1="${cmdno}% " getcmd=yes echoit=no exclaim=no done exit 0 # Christine Robertson {linus, ihnp4, decvax}!utzoo!globetek!chris bash-1.14.3/examples/startup-files/ 775 436 0 0 5620516001 15206 5ustar chetwheelbash-1.14.3/examples/startup-files/Bashrc 644 436 0 3430 4763061721 16424 0ustar chetwheel# Bourne Again SHell init file. # # Files you make look like rw-rw-r umask 002 # Don't make useless coredump files. If you want a coredump, # say "ulimit -c unlimited" and then cause a segmentation fault. ulimit -c 0 # Sometimes, there are lots of places that one can find tex inputs. export TEXINPUTS=.:$HOME/bin:/usr/lib/tex/inputs:/usr/local/lib/tex/inputs # Where's the Gnu stuff at? GNU=/usr/gnu/bin X11=/usr/bin/X11 UTIL_PATH=$GNU:$X11 STANDARD_PATH=/usr/local/bin:/usr/ucb:/bin:/usr/bin:/usr/etc:/etc:/usr/games if [ "$HOSTTYPE" = "sony" ]; then STANDARD_PATH=STANDARD_PATH:/usr/sony/bin; fi if [ -d $HOME/bin/$HOSTTYPE ]; then MY_PATH=$HOME/bin/$HOSTTYPE fi if [ -d $HOME/bin ]; then MY_PATH=$MY_PATH:$HOME/bin fi if [ -d /usr/hosts ]; then STANDARD_PATH=$STANDARD_PATH:/usr/hosts fi PATH=.:$MY_PATH:$UTIL_PATH:$STANDARD_PATH # If running interactively, then: if [ "$PS1" ]; then # Set ignoreeof if you don't want EOF as the sole input to the shell to # immediately signal a quit condition. This only happens at the start # of a line if the line is empty, and you haven't just deleted a character # with C-d. I turn this on in ~/.bash_profile so that only login shells # have the right to be obnoxious. # ignoreeof= # Set auto_resume if you want to resume on "emacs", as well as on # "%emacs". auto_resume= # Set notify if you want to be asynchronously notified about background # job completion. notify= # Make it so that failed `exec' commands don't flush this shell. no_exit_on_failed_exec= if [ ! "$LOGIN_SHELL" ]; then PS1="\u@\h\$ " fi HISTSIZE=256 MAILCHECK=60 # A couple of default aliases. alias j='jobs -l' alias po=popd alias pu=pushd alias ls='ls -F' if [ -f ~/.bash_aliases ]; then source ~/.bash_aliases fi fi bash-1.14.3/examples/startup-files/Bash_aliases 644 436 0 2240 4763061721 17576 0ustar chetwheel# Some useful aliases. alias texclean='rm -f *.toc *.aux *.log *.cp *.fn *.tp *.vr *.pg *.ky' alias clean='echo -n "Really clean this directory?"; read yorn; if test "$yorn" = "y"; then rm -f \#* *~ .*~ *.bak .*.bak *.tmp .*.tmp core a.out; echo "Cleaned."; else echo "Not cleaned."; fi' alias h='history' alias j="jobs -l" alias l="ls -l " alias ll="ls -l" alias ls="ls -F" alias term='set noglob; eval `tset -Q -s `' alias pu="pushd" alias po="popd" # # Csh compatability: # alias unsetenv=unset function setenv () { export $1="$2" } # Function which adds an alias to the current shell and to # the ~/.bash_aliases file. add-alias () { local name=$1 value="$2" echo alias $name=\'$value\' >>~/.bash_aliases eval alias $name=\'$value\' alias $name } # "repeat" command. Like: # # repeat 10 echo foo repeat () { local count="$1" i; shift; for i in $(seq 1 "$count"); do eval "$@"; done } # Subfunction needed by `repeat'. seq () { local lower upper output; lower=$1 upper=$2; while [ $lower -le $upper ]; do output="$output $lower"; lower=$[ $lower + 1 ]; done; echo $output } bash-1.14.3/examples/startup-files/Bash_profile 644 436 0 546 4763061722 17605 0ustar chetwheel# Startup file for bash login shells. # default_dir=/usr/local/lib/ if [ "$PS1" ]; then PS1='\u@\h(\#)$ ' ignoreeof=3 fi LOGIN_SHELL=true # If the user has her own init file, then use that one, else use the # canonical one. if [ -f ~/.bashrc ]; then source ~/.bashrc else if [ -f ${default_dir}Bashrc ]; then source ${default_dir}Bashrc; fi fi bash-1.14.3/examples/startup-files/bash-profile 644 436 0 2065 4763061717 17605 0ustar chetwheelHOME=/usr/homes/chet MAIL=/usr/homes/chet/mbox MAILCHECK=30 HISTFILE=/usr/homes/chet/.history MACHINE=$(/usr/local/bin/machine) HOST=$(hostname) PATH1=/usr/homes/chet/bin.$MACHINE:/usr/local/bin/gnu: PATH2=/usr/local/bin:/usr/ucb:/bin:/usr/bin/X11:. PATH3=/usr/andrew/bin:/usr/bin:/usr/ibm:/usr/local/bin/mh:/usr/new/bin: PATH=$PATH1:$PATH2:$PATH3 EDITOR=/usr/homes/chet/bin.$MACHINE/ce VISUAL=/usr/homes/chet/bin.$MACHINE/ce FCEDIT=/usr/homes/chet/bin.$MACHINE/ce if [ "$BASH" ] ; then SHELL=$BASH else SHELL=/bin/bash fi if [ "$MACHINE" = "ibm032" ] ; then stty erase ^H fi PAGER=/usr/ucb/more NNTPSERVER=kiwi NS=/nfs/cwjcc/fs1/ns-engr/proj/netsrv/cwpub/proto/src # # Bogus 1003.2 variables. This should really be in /etc/profile # LOGNAME=${USER-$(whoami)} TZ=EST5EDT export HOME ENV VISUAL EDITOR MAIL SHELL PATH TERM export PAGER LESS TERMCAP HISTSZIE HISTFILE export MAIL MAILCHECK HOST HOSTNAME NNTPSERVER NS LOGNAME TZ PS1="${HOST}$ " PS2='> ' export PS1 PS2 umask 022 if [ -f /unix ] ; then stty intr ^c fi if [ -f ~/.bashrc ] ; then . ~/.bashrc fi bash-1.14.3/examples/startup-files/bashrc 644 436 0 3472 4763061717 16477 0ustar chetwheelif [ "$PS1" != "" ] ; then if [ -f /unix ] ; then alias ls='/bin/ls -CF' alias ll='/bin/ls -lCF' alias dir='/bin/ls -bCalF' else alias ls='/bin/ls -F' alias ll='/bin/ls -lF' alias dir='/bin/ls -balF' fi alias ss="ps -aux" alias mail=/usr/ucb/mail alias dot='ls .[a-zA-Z0-9]*' alias mroe=more alias pwd='echo $PWD' alias pdw='echo $PWD' alias news="xterm -g 80x45 -e rn -e &" alias back='cd $OLDPWD' alias manroff="nroff /usr/lib/tmac/tmac.an.4.3" alias laser="lpr -Palw2" alias lw="lpr -Palw2" alias c="clear" alias m="more" alias j="jobs" if [ -z "$HOST" ] ; then export HOST=`hostname` fi history_control=ignoredups psgrep() { ps -aux | grep $1 | grep -v grep } # # This is a little like `zap' from Kernighan and Pike # pskill() { local pid pid=$(ps -ax | grep $1 | grep -v grep | awk '{ print $1 }') echo -n "killing $1 (process $pid)..." kill -9 $pid echo "slaughtered." } term() { TERM=$1 export TERM tset } cd() { builtin cd $* xtitle $HOST: $PWD } bold() { tput smso } unbold() { tput rmso } if [ -f /unix ] ; then clear() { tput clear } fi rot13() { if [ $# = 0 ] ; then tr "[a-m][n-z][A-M][N-Z]" "[n-z][a-m][N-Z][A-M]" else tr "[a-m][n-z][A-M][N-Z]" "[n-z][a-m][N-Z][A-M]" < $1 fi } watch() { if [ $# -ne 1 ] ; then tail -f nohup.out else tail -f $1 fi } # # Remote login passing all 8 bits (so meta key will work) # rl() { rlogin $* -8 } function setenv() { if [ $# -ne 2 ] ; then echo "setenv: Too few arguments" else export $1="$2" fi } function chmog() { if [ $# -ne 4 ] ; then echo "usage: chmog mode owner group file" return 1 else chmod $1 $4 chown $2 $4 chgrp $3 $4 fi } # # Source kshenv for ksh-compatibility definitions # if [ -f ~/.kshenv ] ; then . ~/.kshenv fi fi #end of .bashrc bash-1.14.3/examples/suncmd.termcap 644 436 0 2662 4763061722 15352 0ustar chetwheel#Posted-Date: Fri, 9 Mar 90 18:34:29 EST #Date: Fri, 9 Mar 90 18:34:29 EST #From: "Eirik Fuller" #To: bfox@ai.mit.edu (Brian Fox) #Subject: Patch to bash 1.05 for SunView # #I think this works: # Mu|sun-cmd:am:bs:km:pt:li#34:co#80:cl=^L:ce=\E[K:cd=\E[J:rs=\E[s: # #Another alternative is to send the ti string at startup time (and, I #guess, the te string at exit time); that is how vi works in a cmdtool. #The best reason to not do this is that this also disables scrolling #which, as I understand it, is why anyone would use cmdtool in the #first place. Sending the ti string at startup time would do strange #things on other systems too; in xterm it would use the alternate #screen. # #The problem with cmdtool, in case that is less than obvious, is that #almost none of the capabilities advertised in /etc/termcap are enabled #while scrolling is enabled. It has other problems too, like being #part of an outdated proprietary windowing system, but there's probably #no need to dwell on that. In a sense, though, the sun-cmd termcap #entry doesn't lie about the capabilities; I think the termcap man page #does warn about some terminals having cursor motion capabilities only #in the "ti/te window". # #A general solution to this problem would require a termcap capability #which somehow tells which features are available outside of the ti/te #window. There is no such capability in termcap now, of course. bash-1.14.3/examples/alias-conv.sh 755 436 0 1346 5275252167 15101 0ustar chetwheel#! /bin/sh # # Convert Csh aliases to Bash aliases. Adapted from a similar program # supplied with zsh. # # This is a quick script to convert csh aliases to Bash aliases/functions. # Pipe the output of csh's alias command through this; it will generate # a series of alias/function definitions on stdout, suitable for # processing by bash. # # This is not perfect, but it gets most common aliases; it should manage to # cut down a lot of the busy work. # sed -e 's/ (\(.*\))/ \1/' >/tmp/cz$$.1 grep ! /tmp/cz$$.1 >/tmp/cz$$.2 grep -v ! /tmp/cz$$.1 >/tmp/cz$$.3 sed -e "s/'/'"\\\\"''"/g -e 's/^\([^ ]*\) \(.*\)$/alias \1='"'\2'/" \ /tmp/cz$$.3 sed -e 's/![:#]*/$/g' -e 's/^\([^ ]*\) \(.*\)$/\1 () { \2 }/' /tmp/cz$$.2 rm /tmp/cz$$.? exit 0 bash-1.14.3/execute_cmd.c 644 436 0 304547 5672146156 13373 0ustar chetwheel/* execute_command.c -- Execute a COMMAND structure. */ /* Copyright (C) 1987,1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc. This file is part of GNU Bash, the Bourne Again SHell. Bash is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 1, or (at your option) any later version. Bash is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details. You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with Bash; see the file COPYING. If not, write to the Free Software Foundation, 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. */ #if defined (AIX) && defined (RISC6000) && !defined (__GNUC__) #pragma alloca #endif /* AIX && RISC6000 && !__GNUC__ */ #include #include #include "bashtypes.h" #include #include "filecntl.h" #include "posixstat.h" #include #if !defined (SIGABRT) #define SIGABRT SIGIOT #endif #include #include #if !defined (errno) extern int errno; #endif #if defined (HAVE_STRING_H) # include #else /* !HAVE_STRING_H */ # include #endif /* !HAVE_STRING_H */ #include "shell.h" #include "y.tab.h" #include "flags.h" #include "hash.h" #include "jobs.h" #include "execute_cmd.h" #include "sysdefs.h" #include "builtins/common.h" #include "builtins/builtext.h" /* list of builtins */ #include #include #if defined (BUFFERED_INPUT) # include "input.h" #endif extern int posixly_correct; extern int breaking, continuing, loop_level; extern int interactive, interactive_shell, login_shell; extern int parse_and_execute_level; extern int command_string_index, variable_context, line_number; extern int dot_found_in_search; extern char **temporary_env, **function_env, **builtin_env; extern char *the_printed_command, *shell_name; extern pid_t last_command_subst_pid; extern Function *last_shell_builtin, *this_shell_builtin; extern jmp_buf top_level, subshell_top_level; extern int subshell_argc; extern char **subshell_argv, **subshell_envp; extern int already_making_children; extern int getdtablesize (); extern int close (); /* Static functions defined and used in this file. */ static void close_pipes (), do_piping (), execute_disk_command (); static void execute_subshell_builtin_or_function (); static void cleanup_redirects (), cleanup_func_redirects (), bind_lastarg (); static void add_undo_close_redirect (), add_exec_redirect (); static int do_redirection_internal (), do_redirections (); static int expandable_redirection_filename (), execute_shell_script (); static int execute_builtin_or_function (), add_undo_redirect (); static char *find_user_command_internal (), *find_user_command_in_path (); /* The line number that the currently executing function starts on. */ static int function_line_number = 0; /* Set to 1 if fd 0 was the subject of redirection to a subshell. */ static int stdin_redir = 0; /* The name of the command that is currently being executed. `test' needs this, for example. */ char *this_command_name; struct stat SB; /* used for debugging */ static REDIRECTEE rd; /* For catching RETURN in a function. */ int return_catch_flag = 0; int return_catch_value; jmp_buf return_catch; /* The value returned by the last synchronous command. */ int last_command_exit_value = 0; /* The list of redirections to perform which will undo the redirections that I made in the shell. */ REDIRECT *redirection_undo_list = (REDIRECT *)NULL; /* The list of redirections to perform which will undo the internal redirections performed by the `exec' builtin. These are redirections that must be undone even when exec discards redirection_undo_list. */ REDIRECT *exec_redirection_undo_list = (REDIRECT *)NULL; /* Non-zero if we have just forked and are currently running in a subshell environment. */ int subshell_environment = 0; struct fd_bitmap *current_fds_to_close = (struct fd_bitmap *)NULL; #define FD_BITMAP_DEFAULT_SIZE 32 /* Functions to allocate and deallocate the structures used to pass information from the shell to its children about file descriptors to close. */ struct fd_bitmap * new_fd_bitmap (size) long size; { struct fd_bitmap *ret; ret = (struct fd_bitmap *)xmalloc (sizeof (struct fd_bitmap)); ret->size = size; if (size) { ret->bitmap = xmalloc (size); bzero (ret->bitmap, size); } else ret->bitmap = (char *)NULL; return (ret); } void dispose_fd_bitmap (fdbp) struct fd_bitmap *fdbp; { FREE (fdbp->bitmap); free (fdbp); } void close_fd_bitmap (fdbp) struct fd_bitmap *fdbp; { register int i; if (fdbp) { for (i = 0; i < fdbp->size; i++) if (fdbp->bitmap[i]) { close (i); fdbp->bitmap[i] = 0; } } } /* Execute the command passed in COMMAND. COMMAND is exactly what read_command () places into GLOBAL_COMMAND. See "command.h" for the details of the command structure. EXECUTION_SUCCESS or EXECUTION_FAILURE are the only possible return values. Executing a command with nothing in it returns EXECUTION_SUCCESS. */ execute_command (command) COMMAND *command; { struct fd_bitmap *bitmap; int result; current_fds_to_close = (struct fd_bitmap *)NULL; bitmap = new_fd_bitmap (FD_BITMAP_DEFAULT_SIZE); begin_unwind_frame ("execute-command"); add_unwind_protect (dispose_fd_bitmap, (char *)bitmap); /* Just do the command, but not asynchronously. */ result = execute_command_internal (command, 0, NO_PIPE, NO_PIPE, bitmap); dispose_fd_bitmap (bitmap); discard_unwind_frame ("execute-command"); #if defined (PROCESS_SUBSTITUTION) unlink_fifo_list (); #endif /* PROCESS_SUBSTITUTION */ return (result); } /* Return 1 if TYPE is a shell control structure type. */ static int shell_control_structure (type) enum command_type type; { switch (type) { case cm_for: #if defined (SELECT_COMMAND) case cm_select: #endif case cm_case: case cm_while: case cm_until: case cm_if: case cm_group: return (1); default: return (0); } } /* A function to use to unwind_protect the redirection undo list for loops. */ static void cleanup_redirects (list) REDIRECT *list; { do_redirections (list, 1, 0, 0); dispose_redirects (list); } /* Function to unwind_protect the redirections for functions and builtins. */ static void cleanup_func_redirects (list) REDIRECT *list; { do_redirections (list, 1, 0, 0); } static void dispose_exec_redirects () { if (exec_redirection_undo_list) { dispose_redirects (exec_redirection_undo_list); exec_redirection_undo_list = (REDIRECT *)NULL; } } #if defined (JOB_CONTROL) /* A function to restore the signal mask to its proper value when the shell is interrupted or errors occur while creating a pipeline. */ static int restore_signal_mask (set) sigset_t set; { return (sigprocmask (SIG_SETMASK, &set, (sigset_t *)NULL)); } #endif /* JOB_CONTROL */ /* A debugging function that can be called from gdb, for instance. */ void open_files () { register int i; int f, fd_table_size; fd_table_size = getdtablesize (); fprintf (stderr, "pid %d open files:", getpid ()); for (i = 3; i < fd_table_size; i++) { if ((f = fcntl (i, F_GETFD, 0)) != -1) fprintf (stderr, " %d (%s)", i, f ? "close" : "open"); } fprintf (stderr, "\n"); } #define DESCRIBE_PID(pid) if (interactive) describe_pid (pid) /* Execute the command passed in COMMAND, perhaps doing it asynchrounously. COMMAND is exactly what read_command () places into GLOBAL_COMMAND. ASYNCHROUNOUS, if non-zero, says to do this command in the background. PIPE_IN and PIPE_OUT are file descriptors saying where input comes from and where it goes. They can have the value of NO_PIPE, which means I/O is stdin/stdout. FDS_TO_CLOSE is a list of file descriptors to close once the child has been forked. This list often contains the unusable sides of pipes, etc. EXECUTION_SUCCESS or EXECUTION_FAILURE are the only possible return values. Executing a command with nothing in it returns EXECUTION_SUCCESS. */ execute_command_internal (command, asynchronous, pipe_in, pipe_out, fds_to_close) COMMAND *command; int asynchronous; int pipe_in, pipe_out; struct fd_bitmap *fds_to_close; { int exec_result = EXECUTION_SUCCESS; int invert, ignore_return; REDIRECT *my_undo_list, *exec_undo_list; if (!command || breaking || continuing) return (EXECUTION_SUCCESS); run_pending_traps (); invert = (command->flags & CMD_INVERT_RETURN) != 0; /* If a command was being explicitly run in a subshell, or if it is a shell control-structure, and it has a pipe, then we do the command in a subshell. */ if ((command->flags & CMD_WANT_SUBSHELL) || (command->flags & CMD_FORCE_SUBSHELL) || (shell_control_structure (command->type) && (pipe_out != NO_PIPE || pipe_in != NO_PIPE || asynchronous))) { pid_t paren_pid; /* Fork a subshell, turn off the subshell bit, turn off job control and call execute_command () on the command again. */ paren_pid = make_child (savestring (make_command_string (command)), asynchronous); if (paren_pid == 0) { int user_subshell, return_code, function_value; /* Cancel traps, in trap.c. */ restore_original_signals (); if (asynchronous) setup_async_signals (); #if defined (JOB_CONTROL) set_sigchld_handler (); #endif /* JOB_CONTROL */ set_sigint_handler (); user_subshell = (command->flags & CMD_WANT_SUBSHELL) != 0; command->flags &= ~(CMD_FORCE_SUBSHELL | CMD_WANT_SUBSHELL | CMD_INVERT_RETURN); /* If a command is asynchronous in a subshell (like ( foo ) & or the special case of an asynchronous GROUP command where the the subshell bit is turned on down in case cm_group: below), turn off `asynchronous', so that two subshells aren't spawned. This seems semantically correct to me. For example, ( foo ) & seems to say ``do the command `foo' in a subshell environment, but don't wait for that subshell to finish'', and "{ foo ; bar } &" seems to me to be like functions or builtins in the background, which executed in a subshell environment. I just don't see the need to fork two subshells. */ /* Don't fork again, we are already in a subshell. A `doubly async' shell is not interactive, however. */ if (asynchronous) { #if defined (JOB_CONTROL) /* If a construct like ( exec xxx yyy ) & is given while job control is active, we want to prevent exec from putting the subshell back into the original process group, carefully undoing all the work we just did in make_child. */ original_pgrp = -1; #endif /* JOB_CONTROL */ interactive_shell = 0; asynchronous = 0; } /* Subshells are neither login nor interactive. */ login_shell = interactive = 0; subshell_environment = 1; #if defined (JOB_CONTROL) /* Delete all traces that there were any jobs running. This is only for subshells. */ without_job_control (); #endif /* JOB_CONTROL */ do_piping (pipe_in, pipe_out); /* If this is a user subshell, set a flag if stdin was redirected. This is used later to decide whether to redirect fd 0 to /dev/null for async commands in the subshell. This adds more sh compatibility, but I'm not sure it's the right thing to do. */ if (user_subshell) { REDIRECT *r; for (r = command->redirects; r; r = r->next) switch (r->instruction) { case r_input_direction: case r_inputa_direction: case r_input_output: case r_reading_until: case r_deblank_reading_until: stdin_redir++; break; case r_duplicating_input: case r_duplicating_input_word: case r_close_this: if (r->redirector == 0) stdin_redir++; break; } } if (fds_to_close) close_fd_bitmap (fds_to_close); /* Do redirections, then dispose of them before recursive call. */ if (command->redirects) { if (do_redirections (command->redirects, 1, 0, 0) != 0) exit (EXECUTION_FAILURE); dispose_redirects (command->redirects); command->redirects = (REDIRECT *)NULL; } /* If this is a simple command, tell execute_disk_command that it might be able to get away without forking and simply exec. This means things like ( sleep 10 ) will only cause one fork. */ if (user_subshell && command->type == cm_simple) { command->flags |= CMD_NO_FORK; command->value.Simple->flags |= CMD_NO_FORK; } /* If we're inside a function while executing this subshell, we need to handle a possible `return'. */ function_value = 0; if (return_catch_flag) function_value = setjmp (return_catch); if (function_value) return_code = return_catch_value; else return_code = execute_command_internal (command, asynchronous, NO_PIPE, NO_PIPE, fds_to_close); /* If we were explicitly placed in a subshell with (), we need to do the `shell cleanup' things, such as running traps[0]. */ if (user_subshell && signal_is_trapped (0)) { last_command_exit_value = return_code; return_code = run_exit_trap (); } exit (return_code); } else { close_pipes (pipe_in, pipe_out); #if defined (PROCESS_SUBSTITUTION) && defined (HAVE_DEV_FD) unlink_fifo_list (); #endif /* If we are part of a pipeline, and not the end of the pipeline, then we should simply return and let the last command in the pipe be waited for. If we are not in a pipeline, or are the last command in the pipeline, then we wait for the subshell and return its exit status as usual. */ if (pipe_out != NO_PIPE) return (EXECUTION_SUCCESS); stop_pipeline (asynchronous, (COMMAND *)NULL); if (!asynchronous) { last_command_exit_value = wait_for (paren_pid); /* If we have to, invert the return value. */ if (invert) { if (last_command_exit_value == EXECUTION_SUCCESS) return (EXECUTION_FAILURE); else return (EXECUTION_SUCCESS); } else return (last_command_exit_value); } else { DESCRIBE_PID (paren_pid); run_pending_traps (); return (EXECUTION_SUCCESS); } } } /* Handle WHILE FOR CASE etc. with redirections. (Also '&' input redirection.) */ if (do_redirections (command->redirects, 1, 1, 0) != 0) { cleanup_redirects (redirection_undo_list); redirection_undo_list = (REDIRECT *)NULL; dispose_exec_redirects (); return (EXECUTION_FAILURE); } if (redirection_undo_list) { my_undo_list = (REDIRECT *)copy_redirects (redirection_undo_list); dispose_redirects (redirection_undo_list); redirection_undo_list = (REDIRECT *)NULL; } else my_undo_list = (REDIRECT *)NULL; if (exec_redirection_undo_list) { exec_undo_list = (REDIRECT *)copy_redirects (exec_redirection_undo_list); dispose_redirects (exec_redirection_undo_list); exec_redirection_undo_list = (REDIRECT *)NULL; } else exec_undo_list = (REDIRECT *)NULL; if (my_undo_list || exec_undo_list) begin_unwind_frame ("loop_redirections"); if (my_undo_list) add_unwind_protect ((Function *)cleanup_redirects, my_undo_list); if (exec_undo_list) add_unwind_protect ((Function *)dispose_redirects, exec_undo_list); ignore_return = (command->flags & CMD_IGNORE_RETURN) != 0; QUIT; switch (command->type) { case cm_for: if (ignore_return) command->value.For->flags |= CMD_IGNORE_RETURN; exec_result = execute_for_command (command->value.For); break; #if defined (SELECT_COMMAND) case cm_select: if (ignore_return) command->value.Select->flags |= CMD_IGNORE_RETURN; exec_result = execute_select_command (command->value.Select); break; #endif case cm_case: if (ignore_return) command->value.Case->flags |= CMD_IGNORE_RETURN; exec_result = execute_case_command (command->value.Case); break; case cm_while: if (ignore_return) command->value.While->flags |= CMD_IGNORE_RETURN; exec_result = execute_while_command (command->value.While); break; case cm_until: if (ignore_return) command->value.While->flags |= CMD_IGNORE_RETURN; exec_result = execute_until_command (command->value.While); break; case cm_if: if (ignore_return) command->value.If->flags |= CMD_IGNORE_RETURN; exec_result = execute_if_command (command->value.If); break; case cm_group: /* This code can be executed from either of two paths: an explicit '{}' command, or via a function call. If we are executed via a function call, we have already taken care of the function being executed in the background (down there in execute_simple_command ()), and this command should *not* be marked as asynchronous. If we are executing a regular '{}' group command, and asynchronous == 1, we must want to execute the whole command in the background, so we need a subshell, and we want the stuff executed in that subshell (this group command) to be executed in the foreground of that subshell (i.e. there will not be *another* subshell forked). What we do is to force a subshell if asynchronous, and then call execute_command_internal again with asynchronous still set to 1, but with the original group command, so the printed command will look right. The code above that handles forking off subshells will note that both subshell and async are on, and turn off async in the child after forking the subshell (but leave async set in the parent, so the normal call to describe_pid is made). This turning off async is *crucial*; if it is not done, this will fall into an infinite loop of executions through this spot in subshell after subshell until the process limit is exhausted. */ if (asynchronous) { command->flags |= CMD_FORCE_SUBSHELL; exec_result = execute_command_internal (command, 1, pipe_in, pipe_out, fds_to_close); } else { if (ignore_return && command->value.Group->command) command->value.Group->command->flags |= CMD_IGNORE_RETURN; exec_result = execute_command_internal (command->value.Group->command, asynchronous, pipe_in, pipe_out, fds_to_close); } break; case cm_simple: { /* We can't rely on this variable retaining its value across a call to execute_simple_command if a longjmp occurs as the result of a `return' builtin. This is true for sure with gcc. */ pid_t last_pid = last_made_pid; if (ignore_return && command->value.Simple) command->value.Simple->flags |= CMD_IGNORE_RETURN; exec_result = execute_simple_command (command->value.Simple, pipe_in, pipe_out, asynchronous, fds_to_close); /* The temporary environment should be used for only the simple command immediately following its definition. */ dispose_used_env_vars (); #if (defined (Ultrix) && defined (mips)) || !defined (HAVE_ALLOCA) /* Reclaim memory allocated with alloca () on machines which may be using the alloca emulation code. */ (void) alloca (0); #endif /* (Ultrix && mips) || !HAVE_ALLOCA */ /* If we forked to do the command, then we must wait_for () the child. */ /* XXX - this is something to watch out for if there are problems when the shell is compiled without job control. */ if (already_making_children && pipe_out == NO_PIPE && last_pid != last_made_pid) { stop_pipeline (asynchronous, (COMMAND *)NULL); if (asynchronous) { DESCRIBE_PID (last_made_pid); } else #if !defined (JOB_CONTROL) /* Do not wait for asynchronous processes started from startup files. */ if (last_made_pid != last_asynchronous_pid) #endif /* When executing a shell function that executes other commands, this causes the last simple command in the function to be waited for twice. */ exec_result = wait_for (last_made_pid); } } if (!ignore_return && exit_immediately_on_error && !invert && (exec_result != EXECUTION_SUCCESS)) { last_command_exit_value = exec_result; run_pending_traps (); longjmp (top_level, EXITPROG); } break; case cm_connection: switch (command->value.Connection->connector) { /* Do the first command asynchronously. */ case '&': { COMMAND *tc = command->value.Connection->first; REDIRECT *rp; if (!tc) break; rp = tc->redirects; if (ignore_return && tc) tc->flags |= CMD_IGNORE_RETURN; /* If this shell was compiled without job control support, if the shell is not running interactively, if we are currently in a subshell via `( xxx )', or if job control is not active then the standard input for an asynchronous command is forced to /dev/null. */ #if defined (JOB_CONTROL) if ((!interactive_shell || subshell_environment || !job_control) && !stdin_redir) #else if (!stdin_redir) #endif /* JOB_CONTROL */ { REDIRECT *tr; rd.filename = make_word ("/dev/null"); tr = make_redirection (0, r_inputa_direction, rd); tr->next = tc->redirects; tc->redirects = tr; } exec_result = execute_command_internal (tc, 1, pipe_in, pipe_out, fds_to_close); #if defined (JOB_CONTROL) if ((!interactive_shell || subshell_environment || !job_control) && !stdin_redir) #else if (!stdin_redir) #endif /* JOB_CONTROL */ { /* Remove the redirection we added above. It matters, especially for loops, which call execute_command () multiple times with the same command. */ REDIRECT *tr, *tl; tr = tc->redirects; do { tl = tc->redirects; tc->redirects = tc->redirects->next; } while (tc->redirects && tc->redirects != rp); tl->next = (REDIRECT *)NULL; dispose_redirects (tr); } { register COMMAND *second; second = command->value.Connection->second; if (second) { if (ignore_return) second->flags |= CMD_IGNORE_RETURN; exec_result = execute_command_internal (second, asynchronous, pipe_in, pipe_out, fds_to_close); } } } break; case ';': /* Just call execute command on both of them. */ if (ignore_return) { if (command->value.Connection->first) command->value.Connection->first->flags |= CMD_IGNORE_RETURN; if (command->value.Connection->second) command->value.Connection->second->flags |= CMD_IGNORE_RETURN; } QUIT; execute_command (command->value.Connection->first); QUIT; exec_result = execute_command_internal (command->value.Connection->second, asynchronous, pipe_in, pipe_out, fds_to_close); break; case '|': { int prev, fildes[2], new_bitmap_size, dummyfd; COMMAND *cmd; struct fd_bitmap *fd_bitmap; #if defined (JOB_CONTROL) sigset_t set, oset; BLOCK_CHILD (set, oset); #endif /* JOB_CONTROL */ prev = pipe_in; cmd = command; while (cmd && cmd->type == cm_connection && cmd->value.Connection && cmd->value.Connection->connector == '|') { /* Make a pipeline between the two commands. */ if (pipe (fildes) < 0) { report_error ("pipe error: %s", strerror (errno)); #if defined (JOB_CONTROL) terminate_current_pipeline (); kill_current_pipeline (); #endif /* JOB_CONTROL */ last_command_exit_value = EXECUTION_FAILURE; /* The unwind-protects installed below will take care of closing all of the open file descriptors. */ throw_to_top_level (); } else { /* Here is a problem: with the new file close-on-exec code, the read end of the pipe (fildes[0]) stays open in the first process, so that process will never get a SIGPIPE. There is no way to signal the first process that it should close fildes[0] after forking, so it remains open. No SIGPIPE is ever sent because there is still a file descriptor open for reading connected to the pipe. We take care of that here. This passes around a bitmap of file descriptors that must be closed after making a child process in execute_simple_command. */ /* We need fd_bitmap to be at least as big as fildes[0]. If fildes[0] is less than fds_to_close->size, then use fds_to_close->size. */ if (fildes[0] < fds_to_close->size) new_bitmap_size = fds_to_close->size; else new_bitmap_size = fildes[0] + 8; fd_bitmap = new_fd_bitmap (new_bitmap_size); /* Now copy the old information into the new bitmap. */ xbcopy ((char *)fds_to_close->bitmap, (char *)fd_bitmap->bitmap, fds_to_close->size); /* And mark the pipe file descriptors to be closed. */ fd_bitmap->bitmap[fildes[0]] = 1; /* In case there are pipe or out-of-processes errors, we want all these file descriptors to be closed when unwind-protects are run, and the storage used for the bitmaps freed up. */ begin_unwind_frame ("pipe-file-descriptors"); add_unwind_protect (dispose_fd_bitmap, fd_bitmap); add_unwind_protect (close_fd_bitmap, fd_bitmap); if (prev >= 0) add_unwind_protect (close, prev); dummyfd = fildes[1]; add_unwind_protect (close, dummyfd); #if defined (JOB_CONTROL) add_unwind_protect (restore_signal_mask, oset); #endif /* JOB_CONTROL */ if (ignore_return && cmd->value.Connection->first) cmd->value.Connection->first->flags |= CMD_IGNORE_RETURN; execute_command_internal (cmd->value.Connection->first, asynchronous, prev, fildes[1], fd_bitmap); if (prev >= 0) close (prev); prev = fildes[0]; close (fildes[1]); dispose_fd_bitmap (fd_bitmap); discard_unwind_frame ("pipe-file-descriptors"); } cmd = cmd->value.Connection->second; } /* Now execute the rightmost command in the pipeline. */ if (ignore_return && cmd) cmd->flags |= CMD_IGNORE_RETURN; exec_result = execute_command_internal (cmd, asynchronous, prev, pipe_out, fds_to_close); if (prev >= 0) close (prev); #if defined (JOB_CONTROL) UNBLOCK_CHILD (oset); #endif } break; case AND_AND: case OR_OR: if (asynchronous) { /* If we have something like `a && b &' or `a || b &', run the && or || stuff in a subshell. Force a subshell and just call execute_command_internal again. Leave asynchronous on so that we get a report from the parent shell about the background job. */ command->flags |= CMD_FORCE_SUBSHELL; exec_result = execute_command_internal (command, 1, pipe_in, pipe_out, fds_to_close); break; } /* Execute the first command. If the result of that is successful and the connector is AND_AND, or the result is not successful and the connector is OR_OR, then execute the second command, otherwise return. */ if (command->value.Connection->first) command->value.Connection->first->flags |= CMD_IGNORE_RETURN; exec_result = execute_command (command->value.Connection->first); QUIT; if (((command->value.Connection->connector == AND_AND) && (exec_result == EXECUTION_SUCCESS)) || ((command->value.Connection->connector == OR_OR) && (exec_result != EXECUTION_SUCCESS))) { if (ignore_return && command->value.Connection->second) command->value.Connection->second->flags |= CMD_IGNORE_RETURN; exec_result = execute_command (command->value.Connection->second); } break; default: programming_error ("Bad connector `%d'!", command->value.Connection->connector); longjmp (top_level, DISCARD); break; } break; case cm_function_def: exec_result = intern_function (command->value.Function_def->name, command->value.Function_def->command); break; default: programming_error ("execute_command: Bad command type `%d'!", command->type); } if (my_undo_list) { do_redirections (my_undo_list, 1, 0, 0); dispose_redirects (my_undo_list); } if (exec_undo_list) dispose_redirects (exec_undo_list); if (my_undo_list || exec_undo_list) discard_unwind_frame ("loop_redirections"); /* Invert the return value if we have to */ if (invert) { if (exec_result == EXECUTION_SUCCESS) exec_result = EXECUTION_FAILURE; else exec_result = EXECUTION_SUCCESS; } last_command_exit_value = exec_result; run_pending_traps (); return (last_command_exit_value); } #if defined (JOB_CONTROL) # define REAP() \ do \ { \ if (!interactive_shell) \ reap_dead_jobs (); \ } \ while (0) #else /* !JOB_CONTROL */ # define REAP() \ do \ { \ if (!interactive_shell) \ cleanup_dead_jobs (); \ } \ while (0) #endif /* !JOB_CONTROL */ /* Execute a FOR command. The syntax is: FOR word_desc IN word_list; DO command; DONE */ execute_for_command (for_command) FOR_COM *for_command; { /* I just noticed that the Bourne shell leaves word_desc bound to the last name in word_list after the FOR statement is done. This seems wrong to me; I thought that the variable binding should be lexically scoped, i.e., only would last the duration of the FOR command. This behaviour can be gotten by turning on the lexical_scoping switch. */ register WORD_LIST *releaser, *list; char *identifier; SHELL_VAR *old_value = (SHELL_VAR *)NULL; /* Remember the old value of x. */ int retval = EXECUTION_SUCCESS; if (check_identifier (for_command->name, 1) == 0) return (EXECUTION_FAILURE); loop_level++; identifier = for_command->name->word; list = releaser = expand_words_no_vars (for_command->map_list); begin_unwind_frame ("for"); add_unwind_protect (dispose_words, releaser); if (lexical_scoping) { old_value = copy_variable (find_variable (identifier)); if (old_value) add_unwind_protect (dispose_variable, old_value); } if (for_command->flags & CMD_IGNORE_RETURN) for_command->action->flags |= CMD_IGNORE_RETURN; while (list) { QUIT; bind_variable (identifier, list->word->word); execute_command (for_command->action); retval = last_command_exit_value; REAP (); QUIT; if (breaking) { breaking--; break; } if (continuing) { continuing--; if (continuing) break; } list = list->next; } loop_level--; if (lexical_scoping) { if (!old_value) makunbound (identifier, shell_variables); else { SHELL_VAR *new_value; new_value = bind_variable (identifier, value_cell(old_value)); new_value->attributes = old_value->attributes; dispose_variable (old_value); } } dispose_words (releaser); discard_unwind_frame ("for"); return (retval); } #if defined (SELECT_COMMAND) static int LINES, COLS, tabsize; #define RP_SPACE ") " #define RP_SPACE_LEN 2 /* XXX - does not handle numbers > 1000000 at all. */ #define NUMBER_LEN(s) \ ((s < 10) ? 1 \ : ((s < 100) ? 2 \ : ((s < 1000) ? 3 \ : ((s < 10000) ? 4 \ : ((s < 100000) ? 5 \ : 6))))) static int print_index_and_element (len, ind, list) int len, ind; WORD_LIST *list; { register WORD_LIST *l; register int i; if (list == 0) return (0); i = ind; l = list; while (l && --i) l = l->next; fprintf (stderr, "%*d%s%s", len, ind, RP_SPACE, l->word->word); return (STRLEN (l->word->word)); } static void indent (from, to) int from, to; { while (from < to) { if ((to / tabsize) > (from / tabsize)) { putc ('\t', stderr); from += tabsize - from % tabsize; } else { putc (' ', stderr); from++; } } } static void print_select_list (list, list_len, max_elem_len, indices_len) WORD_LIST *list; int list_len, max_elem_len, indices_len; { int ind, row, elem_len, pos, cols, rows; int first_column_indices_len, other_indices_len; if (list == 0) { putc ('\n', stderr); return; } cols = COLS / max_elem_len; if (cols == 0) cols = 1; rows = list_len ? list_len / cols + (list_len % cols != 0) : 1; cols = list_len ? list_len / rows + (list_len % rows != 0) : 1; if (rows == 1) { rows = cols; cols = 1; } first_column_indices_len = NUMBER_LEN (rows); other_indices_len = indices_len; for (row = 0; row < rows; row++) { ind = row; pos = 0; while (1) { indices_len = (pos == 0) ? first_column_indices_len : other_indices_len; elem_len = print_index_and_element (indices_len, ind + 1, list); elem_len += indices_len + RP_SPACE_LEN; ind += rows; if (ind >= list_len) break; indent (pos + elem_len, pos + max_elem_len); pos += max_elem_len; } putc ('\n', stderr); } } /* Print the elements of LIST, one per line, preceded by an index from 1 to LIST_LEN. Then display PROMPT and wait for the user to enter a number. If the number is between 1 and LIST_LEN, return that selection. If EOF is read, return a null string. If a blank line is entered, the loop is executed again. */ static char * select_query (list, list_len, prompt) WORD_LIST *list; int list_len; char *prompt; { int max_elem_len, indices_len, len, reply; WORD_LIST *l; char *repl_string, *t; t = get_string_value ("LINES"); LINES = (t && *t) ? atoi (t) : 24; t = get_string_value ("COLUMNS"); COLS = (t && *t) ? atoi (t) : 80; #if 0 t = get_string_value ("TABSIZE"); tabsize = (t && *t) ? atoi (t) : 8; if (tabsize <= 0) tabsize = 8; #else tabsize = 8; #endif max_elem_len = 0; for (l = list; l; l = l->next) { len = STRLEN (l->word->word); if (len > max_elem_len) max_elem_len = len; } indices_len = NUMBER_LEN (list_len); max_elem_len += indices_len + RP_SPACE_LEN + 2; while (1) { print_select_list (list, list_len, max_elem_len, indices_len); printf ("%s", prompt); fflush (stdout); QUIT; if (read_builtin ((WORD_LIST *)NULL) == EXECUTION_FAILURE) { putchar ('\n'); return ((char *)NULL); } repl_string = get_string_value ("REPLY"); if (*repl_string == 0) continue; reply = atoi (repl_string); if (reply < 1 || reply > list_len) return ""; l = list; while (l && --reply) l = l->next; return (l->word->word); } } /* Execute a SELECT command. The syntax is: SELECT word IN list DO command_list DONE Only `break' or `return' in command_list will terminate the command. */ execute_select_command (select_command) SELECT_COM *select_command; { WORD_LIST *releaser, *list; char *identifier, *ps3_prompt, *selection; int retval, list_len, return_val; #if 0 SHELL_VAR *old_value = (SHELL_VAR *)0; #endif retval = EXECUTION_SUCCESS; if (check_identifier (select_command->name, 1) == 0) return (EXECUTION_FAILURE); loop_level++; identifier = select_command->name->word; /* command and arithmetic substitution, parameter and variable expansion, word splitting, pathname expansion, and quote removal. */ list = releaser = expand_words_no_vars (select_command->map_list); list_len = list_length (list); if (list == 0 || list_len == 0) { if (list) dispose_words (list); return (EXECUTION_SUCCESS); } begin_unwind_frame ("select"); add_unwind_protect (dispose_words, releaser); #if 0 if (lexical_scoping) { old_value = copy_variable (find_variable (identifier)); if (old_value) add_unwind_protect (dispose_variable, old_value); } #endif if (select_command->flags & CMD_IGNORE_RETURN) select_command->action->flags |= CMD_IGNORE_RETURN; ps3_prompt = get_string_value ("PS3"); if (!ps3_prompt) ps3_prompt = "#? "; unwind_protect_int (return_catch_flag); unwind_protect_jmp_buf (return_catch); return_catch_flag++; while (1) { QUIT; selection = select_query (list, list_len, ps3_prompt); QUIT; if (selection == 0) break; else bind_variable (identifier, selection); return_val = setjmp (return_catch); if (return_val) { retval = return_catch_value; break; } else retval = execute_command (select_command->action); REAP (); QUIT; if (breaking) { breaking--; break; } } loop_level--; #if 0 if (lexical_scoping) { if (!old_value) makunbound (identifier, shell_variables); else { SHELL_VAR *new_value; new_value = bind_variable (identifier, value_cell(old_value)); new_value->attributes = old_value->attributes; dispose_variable (old_value); } } #endif run_unwind_frame ("select"); return (retval); } #endif /* SELECT_COMMAND */ /* Execute a CASE command. The syntax is: CASE word_desc IN pattern_list ESAC. The pattern_list is a linked list of pattern clauses; each clause contains some patterns to compare word_desc against, and an associated command to execute. */ execute_case_command (case_command) CASE_COM *case_command; { register WORD_LIST *list; WORD_LIST *wlist; PATTERN_LIST *clauses; char *word; int retval; /* Posix.2 specifies that the WORD is tilde expanded. */ if (member ('~', case_command->word->word)) { word = tilde_expand (case_command->word->word); free (case_command->word->word); case_command->word->word = word; } wlist = expand_word_no_split (case_command->word, 0); clauses = case_command->clauses; word = (wlist) ? string_list (wlist) : savestring (""); retval = EXECUTION_SUCCESS; begin_unwind_frame ("case"); add_unwind_protect (dispose_words, wlist); add_unwind_protect ((Function *)xfree, word); while (clauses) { QUIT; list = clauses->patterns; while (list) { char *pattern; WORD_LIST *es; int match; /* Posix.2 specifies to tilde expand each member of the pattern list. */ if (member ('~', list->word->word)) { char *expansion = tilde_expand (list->word->word); free (list->word->word); list->word->word = expansion; } es = expand_word_leave_quoted (list->word, 0); if (es && es->word && es->word->word && *(es->word->word)) pattern = quote_string_for_globbing (es->word->word, 1); else pattern = savestring (""); /* Since the pattern does not undergo quote removal (as per Posix.2, section 3.9.4.3), the fnmatch () call must be able to recognize backslashes as escape characters. */ match = (fnmatch (pattern, word, 0) != FNM_NOMATCH); free (pattern); dispose_words (es); if (match) { if (clauses->action && (case_command->flags & CMD_IGNORE_RETURN)) clauses->action->flags |= CMD_IGNORE_RETURN; execute_command (clauses->action); retval = last_command_exit_value; goto exit_command; } list = list->next; QUIT; } clauses = clauses->next; } exit_command: dispose_words (wlist); free (word); discard_unwind_frame ("case"); return (retval); } #define CMD_WHILE 0 #define CMD_UNTIL 1 /* The WHILE command. Syntax: WHILE test DO action; DONE. Repeatedly execute action while executing test produces EXECUTION_SUCCESS. */ execute_while_command (while_command) WHILE_COM *while_command; { return (execute_while_or_until (while_command, CMD_WHILE)); } /* UNTIL is just like WHILE except that the test result is negated. */ execute_until_command (while_command) WHILE_COM *while_command; { return (execute_while_or_until (while_command, CMD_UNTIL)); } /* The body for both while and until. The only difference between the two is that the test value is treated differently. TYPE is CMD_WHILE or CMD_UNTIL. The return value for both commands should be EXECUTION_SUCCESS if no commands in the body are executed, and the status of the last command executed in the body otherwise. */ execute_while_or_until (while_command, type) WHILE_COM *while_command; int type; { int return_value, body_status; body_status = EXECUTION_SUCCESS; loop_level++; while_command->test->flags |= CMD_IGNORE_RETURN; if (while_command->flags & CMD_IGNORE_RETURN) while_command->action->flags |= CMD_IGNORE_RETURN; while (1) { return_value = execute_command (while_command->test); REAP (); if (type == CMD_WHILE && return_value != EXECUTION_SUCCESS) break; if (type == CMD_UNTIL && return_value == EXECUTION_SUCCESS) break; QUIT; body_status = execute_command (while_command->action); QUIT; if (breaking) { breaking--; break; } if (continuing) { continuing--; if (continuing) break; } } loop_level--; return (body_status); } /* IF test THEN command [ELSE command]. IF also allows ELIF in the place of ELSE IF, but the parser makes *that* stupidity transparent. */ execute_if_command (if_command) IF_COM *if_command; { int return_value; if_command->test->flags |= CMD_IGNORE_RETURN; return_value = execute_command (if_command->test); if (return_value == EXECUTION_SUCCESS) { QUIT; if (if_command->true_case && (if_command->flags & CMD_IGNORE_RETURN)) if_command->true_case->flags |= CMD_IGNORE_RETURN; return (execute_command (if_command->true_case)); } else { QUIT; if (if_command->false_case && (if_command->flags & CMD_IGNORE_RETURN)) if_command->false_case->flags |= CMD_IGNORE_RETURN; return (execute_command (if_command->false_case)); } } static void bind_lastarg (arg) char *arg; { SHELL_VAR *var; if (!arg) arg = ""; var = bind_variable ("_", arg); var->attributes &= ~att_exported; } /* The meaty part of all the executions. We have to start hacking the real execution of commands here. Fork a process, set things up, execute the command. */ execute_simple_command (simple_command, pipe_in, pipe_out, async, fds_to_close) SIMPLE_COM *simple_command; int pipe_in, pipe_out, async; struct fd_bitmap *fds_to_close; { WORD_LIST *words, *lastword; char *command_line, *lastarg; int first_word_quoted, result; pid_t old_last_command_subst_pid; result = EXECUTION_SUCCESS; /* If we're in a function, update the pseudo-line-number information. */ if (variable_context) line_number = simple_command->line - function_line_number; /* Remember what this command line looks like at invocation. */ command_string_index = 0; print_simple_command (simple_command); command_line = (char *)alloca (1 + strlen (the_printed_command)); strcpy (command_line, the_printed_command); first_word_quoted = simple_command->words ? simple_command->words->word->quoted : 0; old_last_command_subst_pid = last_command_subst_pid; /* If we are re-running this as the result of executing the `command' builtin, do not expand the command words a second time. */ if ((simple_command->flags & CMD_INHIBIT_EXPANSION) == 0) { current_fds_to_close = fds_to_close; words = expand_words (simple_command->words); current_fds_to_close = (struct fd_bitmap *)NULL; } else words = copy_word_list (simple_command->words); lastarg = (char *)NULL; /* It is possible for WORDS not to have anything left in it. Perhaps all the words consisted of `$foo', and there was no variable `$foo'. */ if (words) { Function *builtin; SHELL_VAR *func; begin_unwind_frame ("simple-command"); if (echo_command_at_execute) { char *line = string_list (words); if (line && *line) fprintf (stderr, "%s%s\n", indirection_level_string (), line); FREE (line); } if (simple_command->flags & CMD_NO_FUNCTIONS) func = (SHELL_VAR *)NULL; else func = find_function (words->word->word); add_unwind_protect (dispose_words, words); QUIT; /* Bind the last word in this command to "$_" after execution. */ for (lastword = words; lastword->next; lastword = lastword->next); lastarg = lastword->word->word; #if defined (JOB_CONTROL) /* Is this command a job control related thing? */ if (words->word->word[0] == '%') { int result; if (async) this_command_name = "bg"; else this_command_name = "fg"; last_shell_builtin = this_shell_builtin; this_shell_builtin = builtin_address (this_command_name); result = (*this_shell_builtin) (words); goto return_result; } /* One other possiblilty. The user may want to resume an existing job. If they do, find out whether this word is a candidate for a running job. */ { char *auto_resume_value = get_string_value ("auto_resume"); if (auto_resume_value && !first_word_quoted && !words->next && words->word->word[0] && !simple_command->redirects && pipe_in == NO_PIPE && pipe_out == NO_PIPE && !async) { char *word = words->word->word; register int i; int wl, cl, exact, substring, match, started_status; register PROCESS *p; exact = STREQ (auto_resume_value, "exact"); substring = STREQ (auto_resume_value, "substring"); wl = strlen (word); for (i = job_slots - 1; i > -1; i--) { if (!jobs[i] || (JOBSTATE (i) != JSTOPPED)) continue; p = jobs[i]->pipe; do { if (exact) { cl = strlen (p->command); match = STREQN (p->command, word, cl); } else if (substring) match = strindex (p->command, word) != (char *)0; else match = STREQN (p->command, word, wl); if (match == 0) { p = p->next; continue; } run_unwind_frame ("simple-command"); last_shell_builtin = this_shell_builtin; this_shell_builtin = builtin_address ("fg"); started_status = start_job (i, 1); if (started_status < 0) return (EXECUTION_FAILURE); else return (started_status); } while (p != jobs[i]->pipe); } } } #endif /* JOB_CONTROL */ /* Remember the name of this command globally. */ this_command_name = words->word->word; QUIT; /* This command could be a shell builtin or a user-defined function. If so, and we have pipes, then fork a subshell in here. Else, just do the command. */ if (func) builtin = (Function *)NULL; else builtin = find_shell_builtin (this_command_name); last_shell_builtin = this_shell_builtin; this_shell_builtin = builtin; if (builtin || func) { if ((pipe_in != NO_PIPE) || (pipe_out != NO_PIPE) || async) { if (make_child (savestring (command_line), async) == 0) { /* Cancel traps, in trap.c. */ restore_original_signals (); if (async) setup_async_signals (); execute_subshell_builtin_or_function (words, simple_command->redirects, builtin, func, pipe_in, pipe_out, async, fds_to_close, simple_command->flags); } else { close_pipes (pipe_in, pipe_out); #if defined (PROCESS_SUBSTITUTION) && defined (HAVE_DEV_FD) unlink_fifo_list (); #endif goto return_result; } } else { result = execute_builtin_or_function (words, builtin, func, simple_command->redirects, fds_to_close, simple_command->flags); goto return_result; } } execute_disk_command (words, simple_command->redirects, command_line, pipe_in, pipe_out, async, fds_to_close, (simple_command->flags & CMD_NO_FORK)); goto return_result; } else if (pipe_in != NO_PIPE || pipe_out != NO_PIPE || async) { /* We have a null command, but we really want a subshell to take care of it. Just fork, do piping and redirections, and exit. */ if (make_child (savestring (""), async) == 0) { /* Cancel traps, in trap.c. */ restore_original_signals (); do_piping (pipe_in, pipe_out); subshell_environment = 1; if (do_redirections (simple_command->redirects, 1, 0, 0) == 0) exit (EXECUTION_SUCCESS); else exit (EXECUTION_FAILURE); } else { close_pipes (pipe_in, pipe_out); #if defined (PROCESS_SUBSTITUTION) && defined (HAVE_DEV_FD) unlink_fifo_list (); #endif result = EXECUTION_SUCCESS; goto return_result; } } else { /* Even if there aren't any command names, pretend to do the redirections that are specified. The user expects the side effects to take place. If the redirections fail, then return failure. Otherwise, if a command substitution took place while expanding the command or a redirection, return the value of that substitution. Otherwise, return EXECUTION_SUCCESS. */ if (do_redirections (simple_command->redirects, 0, 0, 0) != 0) result = EXECUTION_FAILURE; else if (old_last_command_subst_pid != last_command_subst_pid) result = last_command_exit_value; else result = EXECUTION_SUCCESS; } return_result: bind_lastarg (lastarg); /* The unwind-protect frame is set up only if WORDS is not empty. */ if (words) run_unwind_frame ("simple-command"); return (result); } static int execute_builtin (builtin, words, flags, subshell) Function *builtin; WORD_LIST *words; int flags, subshell; { int old_e_flag = exit_immediately_on_error; int result; /* The eval builtin calls parse_and_execute, which does not know about the setting of flags, and always calls the execution functions with flags that will exit the shell on an error if -e is set. If the eval builtin is being called, and we're supposed to ignore the exit value of the command, we turn the -e flag off ourselves, then restore it when the command completes. */ if (subshell == 0 && builtin == eval_builtin && (flags & CMD_IGNORE_RETURN)) { begin_unwind_frame ("eval_builtin"); unwind_protect_int (exit_immediately_on_error); exit_immediately_on_error = 0; } /* The temporary environment for a builtin is supposed to apply to all commands executed by that builtin. Currently, this is a problem only with the `source' builtin. */ if (builtin == source_builtin) { if (subshell == 0) begin_unwind_frame ("builtin_env"); if (temporary_env) { builtin_env = copy_array (temporary_env); if (subshell == 0) add_unwind_protect (dispose_builtin_env, (char *)NULL); dispose_used_env_vars (); } else builtin_env = (char **)NULL; } result = ((*builtin) (words->next)); if (subshell == 0 && builtin == source_builtin) { dispose_builtin_env (); discard_unwind_frame ("builtin_env"); } if (subshell == 0 && builtin == eval_builtin && (flags & CMD_IGNORE_RETURN)) { exit_immediately_on_error += old_e_flag; discard_unwind_frame ("eval_builtin"); } return (result); } /* XXX -- why do we need to set up unwind-protects for the case where subshell == 1 at all? */ static int execute_function (var, words, flags, fds_to_close, async, subshell) SHELL_VAR *var; WORD_LIST *words; int flags, subshell, async; struct fd_bitmap *fds_to_close; { int return_val, result; COMMAND *tc, *fc; tc = (COMMAND *)copy_command (function_cell (var)); if (tc && (flags & CMD_IGNORE_RETURN)) tc->flags |= CMD_IGNORE_RETURN; if (subshell) begin_unwind_frame ("subshell_function_calling"); else begin_unwind_frame ("function_calling"); if (subshell == 0) { push_context (); add_unwind_protect (pop_context, (char *)NULL); unwind_protect_int (line_number); } else unwind_protect_int (variable_context); unwind_protect_int (loop_level); unwind_protect_int (return_catch_flag); unwind_protect_jmp_buf (return_catch); add_unwind_protect (dispose_command, (char *)tc); /* The temporary environment for a function is supposed to apply to all commands executed within the function body. */ if (temporary_env) { function_env = copy_array (temporary_env); add_unwind_protect (dispose_function_env, (char *)NULL); dispose_used_env_vars (); } else function_env = (char **)NULL; /* Note the second argument of "1", meaning that we discard the current value of "$*"! This is apparently the right thing. */ remember_args (words->next, 1); line_number = function_line_number = tc->line; if (subshell) { #if defined (JOB_CONTROL) stop_pipeline (async, (COMMAND *)NULL); #endif if (tc->type == cm_group) fc = tc->value.Group->command; else fc = tc; if (fc && (flags & CMD_IGNORE_RETURN)) fc->flags |= CMD_IGNORE_RETURN; variable_context++; } else fc = tc; return_catch_flag++; return_val = setjmp (return_catch); if (return_val) result = return_catch_value; else result = execute_command_internal (fc, 0, NO_PIPE, NO_PIPE, fds_to_close); if (subshell) run_unwind_frame ("subshell_function_calling"); else run_unwind_frame ("function_calling"); return (result); } /* Execute a shell builtin or function in a subshell environment. This routine does not return; it only calls exit(). If BUILTIN is non-null, it points to a function to call to execute a shell builtin; otherwise VAR points at the body of a function to execute. WORDS is the arguments to the command, REDIRECTS specifies redirections to perform before the command is executed. */ static void execute_subshell_builtin_or_function (words, redirects, builtin, var, pipe_in, pipe_out, async, fds_to_close, flags) WORD_LIST *words; REDIRECT *redirects; Function *builtin; SHELL_VAR *var; int pipe_in, pipe_out, async; struct fd_bitmap *fds_to_close; int flags; { /* A subshell is neither a login shell nor interactive. */ login_shell = interactive = 0; subshell_environment = 1; maybe_make_export_env (); #if defined (JOB_CONTROL) /* Eradicate all traces of job control after we fork the subshell, so all jobs begun by this subshell are in the same process group as the shell itself. */ /* Allow the output of `jobs' to be piped. */ if (builtin == jobs_builtin && !async && (pipe_out != NO_PIPE || pipe_in != NO_PIPE)) kill_current_pipeline (); else without_job_control (); set_sigchld_handler (); #endif /* JOB_CONTROL */ set_sigint_handler (); do_piping (pipe_in, pipe_out); if (fds_to_close) close_fd_bitmap (fds_to_close); if (do_redirections (redirects, 1, 0, 0) != 0) exit (EXECUTION_FAILURE); if (builtin) { int result; /* Give builtins a place to jump back to on failure, so we don't go back up to main(). */ result = setjmp (top_level); if (result == EXITPROG) exit (last_command_exit_value); else if (result) exit (EXECUTION_FAILURE); else exit (execute_builtin (builtin, words, flags, 1)); } else { exit (execute_function (var, words, flags, fds_to_close, async, 1)); } } /* Execute a builtin or function in the current shell context. If BUILTIN is non-null, it is the builtin command to execute, otherwise VAR points to the body of a function. WORDS are the command's arguments, REDIRECTS are the redirections to perform. FDS_TO_CLOSE is the usual bitmap of file descriptors to close. If BUILTIN is exec_builtin, the redirections specified in REDIRECTS are not undone before this function returns. */ static int execute_builtin_or_function (words, builtin, var, redirects, fds_to_close, flags) WORD_LIST *words; Function *builtin; SHELL_VAR *var; REDIRECT *redirects; struct fd_bitmap *fds_to_close; int flags; { int result = EXECUTION_FAILURE; REDIRECT *saved_undo_list; if (do_redirections (redirects, 1, 1, 0) != 0) { cleanup_redirects (redirection_undo_list); redirection_undo_list = (REDIRECT *)NULL; dispose_exec_redirects (); return (EXECUTION_FAILURE); } saved_undo_list = redirection_undo_list; /* Calling the "exec" builtin changes redirections forever. */ if (builtin == exec_builtin) { dispose_redirects (saved_undo_list); saved_undo_list = exec_redirection_undo_list; exec_redirection_undo_list = (REDIRECT *)NULL; } else dispose_exec_redirects (); if (saved_undo_list) { begin_unwind_frame ("saved redirects"); add_unwind_protect (cleanup_func_redirects, (char *)saved_undo_list); add_unwind_protect (dispose_redirects, (char *)saved_undo_list); } redirection_undo_list = (REDIRECT *)NULL; if (builtin) result = execute_builtin (builtin, words, flags, 0); else result = execute_function (var, words, flags, fds_to_close, 0, 0); if (saved_undo_list) { redirection_undo_list = saved_undo_list; discard_unwind_frame ("saved redirects"); } if (redirection_undo_list) { do_redirections (redirection_undo_list, 1, 0, 0); dispose_redirects (redirection_undo_list); redirection_undo_list = (REDIRECT *)NULL; } return (result); } void setup_async_signals () { #if defined (JOB_CONTROL) if (job_control == 0) #endif { set_signal_handler (SIGINT, SIG_IGN); set_signal_ignored (SIGINT); set_signal_handler (SIGQUIT, SIG_IGN); set_signal_ignored (SIGQUIT); } } /* Execute a simple command that is hopefully defined in a disk file somewhere. 1) fork () 2) connect pipes 3) look up the command 4) do redirections 5) execve () 6) If the execve failed, see if the file has executable mode set. If so, and it isn't a directory, then execute its contents as a shell script. Note that the filename hashing stuff has to take place up here, in the parent. This is probably why the Bourne style shells don't handle it, since that would require them to go through this gnarly hair, for no good reason. */ static void execute_disk_command (words, redirects, command_line, pipe_in, pipe_out, async, fds_to_close, nofork) WORD_LIST *words; REDIRECT *redirects; char *command_line; int pipe_in, pipe_out, async; struct fd_bitmap *fds_to_close; int nofork; /* Don't fork, just exec, if no pipes */ { register char *pathname; char *hashed_file, *command, **args; int pid, temp_path; SHELL_VAR *path; pathname = words->word->word; #if defined (RESTRICTED_SHELL) if (restricted && strchr (pathname, '/')) { report_error ("%s: restricted: cannot specify `/' in command names", pathname); last_command_exit_value = EXECUTION_FAILURE; return; } #endif /* RESTRICTED_SHELL */ hashed_file = command = (char *)NULL; /* If PATH is in the temporary environment for this command, don't use the hash table to search for the full pathname. */ temp_path = 0; path = find_tempenv_variable ("PATH"); if (path) temp_path = 1; /* Don't waste time trying to find hashed data for a pathname that is already completely specified. */ if (!path && !absolute_program (pathname)) hashed_file = find_hashed_filename (pathname); /* If a command found in the hash table no longer exists, we need to look for it in $PATH. Thank you Posix.2. This forces us to stat every command found in the hash table. It seems pretty stupid to me, so I am basing it on the presence of POSIXLY_CORRECT. */ if (hashed_file && posixly_correct) { int st; st = file_status (hashed_file); if ((st ^ (FS_EXISTS | FS_EXECABLE)) != 0) { remove_hashed_filename (pathname); hashed_file = (char *)NULL; } } if (hashed_file) command = savestring (hashed_file); else if (absolute_program (pathname)) /* A command containing a slash is not looked up in PATH or saved in the hash table. */ command = savestring (pathname); else { command = find_user_command (pathname); if (command && !hashing_disabled && !temp_path) remember_filename (pathname, command, dot_found_in_search, 1); } maybe_make_export_env (); if (command) put_command_name_into_env (command); /* We have to make the child before we check for the non-existance of COMMAND, since we want the error messages to be redirected. */ /* If we can get away without forking and there are no pipes to deal with, don't bother to fork, just directly exec the command. */ if (nofork && pipe_in == NO_PIPE && pipe_out == NO_PIPE) pid = 0; else pid = make_child (savestring (command_line), async); if (pid == 0) { int old_interactive; /* Cancel traps, in trap.c. */ restore_original_signals (); /* restore_original_signals may have undone the work done by make_child to ensure that SIGINT and SIGQUIT are ignored in asynchronous children. */ if (async) setup_async_signals (); do_piping (pipe_in, pipe_out); /* Execve expects the command name to be in args[0]. So we leave it there, in the same format that the user used to type it in. */ args = make_word_array (words); if (async) { old_interactive = interactive; interactive = 0; } subshell_environment = 1; /* This functionality is now provided by close-on-exec of the file descriptors manipulated by redirection and piping. Some file descriptors still need to be closed in all children because of the way bash does pipes; fds_to_close is a bitmap of all such file descriptors. */ if (fds_to_close) close_fd_bitmap (fds_to_close); if (redirects && (do_redirections (redirects, 1, 0, 0) != 0)) { #if defined (PROCESS_SUBSTITUTION) /* Try to remove named pipes that may have been created as the result of redirections. */ unlink_fifo_list (); #endif /* PROCESS_SUBSTITUTION */ exit (EXECUTION_FAILURE); } if (async) interactive = old_interactive; if (!command) { report_error ("%s: command not found", args[0]); exit (EX_NOTFOUND); /* Posix.2 says the exit status is 127 */ } exit (shell_execve (command, args, export_env)); } else { /* Make sure that the pipes are closed in the parent. */ close_pipes (pipe_in, pipe_out); #if defined (PROCESS_SUBSTITUTION) && defined (HAVE_DEV_FD) unlink_fifo_list (); #endif FREE (command); } } /* If the operating system on which we're running does not handle the #! executable format, then help out. SAMPLE is the text read from the file, SAMPLE_LEN characters. COMMAND is the name of the script; it and ARGS, the arguments given by the user, will become arguments to the specified interpreter. ENV is the environment to pass to the interpreter. The word immediately following the #! is the interpreter to execute. A single argument to the interpreter is allowed. */ static int execute_shell_script (sample, sample_len, command, args, env) unsigned char *sample; int sample_len; char *command; char **args, **env; { register int i; char *execname, *firstarg; int start, size_increment, larry; /* Find the name of the interpreter to exec. */ for (i = 2; whitespace (sample[i]) && i < sample_len; i++) ; for (start = i; !whitespace (sample[i]) && sample[i] != '\n' && i < sample_len; i++) ; execname = xmalloc (1 + (i - start)); strncpy (execname, (char *) (sample + start), i - start); execname[i - start] = '\0'; size_increment = 1; /* Now the argument, if any. */ firstarg = (char *)NULL; for (start = i; whitespace (sample[i]) && sample[i] != '\n' && i < sample_len; i++) ; /* If there is more text on the line, then it is an argument for the interpreter. */ if (i < sample_len && sample[i] != '\n' && !whitespace (sample[i])) { for (start = i; !whitespace (sample[i]) && sample[i] != '\n' && i < sample_len; i++) ; firstarg = xmalloc (1 + (i - start)); strncpy (firstarg, (char *)(sample + start), i - start); firstarg[i - start] = '\0'; size_increment = 2; } larry = array_len (args) + size_increment; args = (char **)xrealloc ((char *)args, (1 + larry) * sizeof (char *)); for (i = larry - 1; i; i--) args[i] = args[i - size_increment]; args[0] = execname; if (firstarg) { args[1] = firstarg; args[2] = command; } else args[1] = command; args[larry] = (char *)NULL; return (shell_execve (execname, args, env)); } /* Call execve (), handling interpreting shell scripts, and handling exec failures. */ int shell_execve (command, args, env) char *command; char **args, **env; { #if defined (isc386) && defined (_POSIX_SOURCE) __setostype (0); /* Turn on USGr3 semantics. */ execve (command, args, env); __setostype (1); /* Turn the POSIX semantics back on. */ #else execve (command, args, env); #endif /* !(isc386 && _POSIX_SOURCE) */ /* If we get to this point, then start checking out the file. Maybe it is something we can hack ourselves. */ { struct stat finfo; if (errno != ENOEXEC) { if ((stat (command, &finfo) == 0) && (S_ISDIR (finfo.st_mode))) report_error ("%s: is a directory", args[0]); else file_error (command); return (EX_NOEXEC); /* XXX Posix.2 says that exit status is 126 */ } else { /* This file is executable. If it begins with #!, then help out people with losing operating systems. Otherwise, check to see if it is a binary file by seeing if the first line (or up to 30 characters) are in the ASCII set. Execute the contents as shell commands. */ int larray = array_len (args) + 1; int i, should_exec = 0; { int fd = open (command, O_RDONLY); if (fd != -1) { unsigned char sample[80]; int sample_len = read (fd, &sample[0], 80); close (fd); if (sample_len == 0) return (EXECUTION_SUCCESS); /* Is this supposed to be an executable script? If so, the format of the line is "#! interpreter [argument]". A single argument is allowed. The BSD kernel restricts the length of the entire line to 32 characters (32 bytes being the size of the BSD exec header), but we allow 80 characters. */ if (sample_len > 0 && sample[0] == '#' && sample[1] == '!') return (execute_shell_script (sample, sample_len, command, args, env)); else if ((sample_len != -1) && check_binary_file (sample, sample_len)) { report_error ("%s: cannot execute binary file", command); return (EX_BINARY_FILE); } } } #if defined (JOB_CONTROL) /* Forget about the way that job control was working. We are in a subshell. */ without_job_control (); #endif /* JOB_CONTROL */ #if defined (ALIAS) /* Forget about any aliases that we knew of. We are in a subshell. */ delete_all_aliases (); #endif /* ALIAS */ #if defined (JOB_CONTROL) set_sigchld_handler (); #endif /* JOB_CONTROL */ set_sigint_handler (); /* Insert the name of this shell into the argument list. */ args = (char **)xrealloc ((char *)args, (1 + larray) * sizeof (char *)); for (i = larray - 1; i; i--) args[i] = args[i - 1]; args[0] = shell_name; args[1] = command; args[larray] = (char *)NULL; if (args[0][0] == '-') args[0]++; if (should_exec) { struct stat finfo; #if defined (isc386) && defined (_POSIX_SOURCE) __setostype (0); /* Turn on USGr3 semantics. */ execve (shell_name, args, env); __setostype (1); /* Turn the POSIX semantics back on. */ #else execve (shell_name, args, env); #endif /* isc386 && _POSIX_SOURCE */ /* Oh, no! We couldn't even exec this! */ if ((stat (args[0], &finfo) == 0) && (S_ISDIR (finfo.st_mode))) report_error ("%s: is a directory", args[0]); else file_error (args[0]); return (EXECUTION_FAILURE); } else { subshell_argc = larray; subshell_argv = args; subshell_envp = env; longjmp (subshell_top_level, 1); } } } } #if defined (PROCESS_SUBSTITUTION) /* Currently unused */ void close_all_files () { register int i, fd_table_size; fd_table_size = getdtablesize (); if (fd_table_size > 256) /* clamp to a reasonable value */ fd_table_size = 256; for (i = 3; i < fd_table_size; i++) close (i); } #endif /* PROCESS_SUBSTITUTION */ static void close_pipes (in, out) int in, out; { if (in >= 0) close (in); if (out >= 0) close (out); } /* Redirect input and output to be from and to the specified pipes. NO_PIPE and REDIRECT_BOTH are handled correctly. */ static void do_piping (pipe_in, pipe_out) int pipe_in, pipe_out; { if (pipe_in != NO_PIPE) { if (dup2 (pipe_in, 0) < 0) internal_error ("cannot duplicate fd %d to fd 0: %s", pipe_in, strerror (errno)); if (pipe_in > 0) close (pipe_in); } if (pipe_out != NO_PIPE) { if (pipe_out != REDIRECT_BOTH) { if (dup2 (pipe_out, 1) < 0) internal_error ("cannot duplicate fd %d to fd 1: %s", pipe_out, strerror (errno)); if (pipe_out == 0 || pipe_out > 1) close (pipe_out); } else dup2 (1, 2); } } #define AMBIGUOUS_REDIRECT -1 #define NOCLOBBER_REDIRECT -2 #define RESTRICTED_REDIRECT -3 /* Only can happen in restricted shells. */ /* Perform the redirections on LIST. If FOR_REAL, then actually make input and output file descriptors, otherwise just do whatever is neccessary for side effecting. INTERNAL says to remember how to undo the redirections later, if non-zero. If SET_CLEXEC is non-zero, file descriptors opened in do_redirection () have their close-on-exec flag set. */ static int do_redirections (list, for_real, internal, set_clexec) REDIRECT *list; int for_real, internal, set_clexec; { register int error; register REDIRECT *temp = list; if (internal) { if (redirection_undo_list) { dispose_redirects (redirection_undo_list); redirection_undo_list = (REDIRECT *)NULL; } if (exec_redirection_undo_list) dispose_exec_redirects (); } while (temp) { error = do_redirection_internal (temp, for_real, internal, set_clexec); if (error) { char *filename; if (expandable_redirection_filename (temp)) { if (posixly_correct && !interactive_shell) disallow_filename_globbing++; filename = redirection_expand (temp->redirectee.filename); if (posixly_correct && !interactive_shell) disallow_filename_globbing--; if (!filename) filename = savestring (""); } else filename = itos (temp->redirectee.dest); switch (error) { case AMBIGUOUS_REDIRECT: report_error ("%s: Ambiguous redirect", filename); break; case NOCLOBBER_REDIRECT: report_error ("%s: Cannot clobber existing file", filename); break; #if defined (RESTRICTED_SHELL) case RESTRICTED_REDIRECT: report_error ("%s: output redirection restricted", filename); break; #endif /* RESTRICTED_SHELL */ default: report_error ("%s: %s", filename, strerror (error)); break; } free (filename); return (error); } temp = temp->next; } return (0); } /* Return non-zero if the redirection pointed to by REDIRECT has a redirectee.filename that can be expanded. */ static int expandable_redirection_filename (redirect) REDIRECT *redirect; { int result; switch (redirect->instruction) { case r_output_direction: case r_appending_to: case r_input_direction: case r_inputa_direction: case r_err_and_out: case r_input_output: case r_output_force: case r_duplicating_input_word: case r_duplicating_output_word: result = 1; break; default: result = 0; } return (result); } /* Expand the word in WORD returning a string. If WORD expands to multiple words (or no words), then return NULL. */ char * redirection_expand (word) WORD_DESC *word; { char *result; WORD_LIST *tlist1, *tlist2; tlist1 = make_word_list (copy_word (word), (WORD_LIST *)NULL); tlist2 = expand_words_no_vars (tlist1); dispose_words (tlist1); if (!tlist2 || tlist2->next) { /* We expanded to no words, or to more than a single word. Dispose of the word list and return NULL. */ if (tlist2) dispose_words (tlist2); return ((char *)NULL); } result = string_list (tlist2); dispose_words (tlist2); return (result); } /* Do the specific redirection requested. Returns errno in case of error. If FOR_REAL is zero, then just do whatever is neccessary to produce the appropriate side effects. REMEMBERING, if non-zero, says to remember how to undo each redirection. If SET_CLEXEC is non-zero, then we set all file descriptors > 2 that we open to be close-on-exec. */ static int do_redirection_internal (redirect, for_real, remembering, set_clexec) REDIRECT *redirect; int for_real, remembering, set_clexec; { WORD_DESC *redirectee = redirect->redirectee.filename; int redir_fd = redirect->redirectee.dest; int fd, redirector = redirect->redirector; char *redirectee_word; enum r_instruction ri = redirect->instruction; REDIRECT *new_redirect; if (ri == r_duplicating_input_word || ri == r_duplicating_output_word) { /* We have [N]>&WORD or [N]<&WORD. Expand WORD, then translate the redirection into a new one and continue. */ redirectee_word = redirection_expand (redirectee); if (redirectee_word[0] == '-' && redirectee_word[1] == '\0') { rd.dest = 0L; new_redirect = make_redirection (redirector, r_close_this, rd); } else if (all_digits (redirectee_word)) { if (ri == r_duplicating_input_word) { rd.dest = atol (redirectee_word); new_redirect = make_redirection (redirector, r_duplicating_input, rd); } else { rd.dest = atol (redirectee_word); new_redirect = make_redirection (redirector, r_duplicating_output, rd); } } else if (ri == r_duplicating_output_word && redirector == 1) { if (!posixly_correct) { rd.filename = make_word (redirectee_word); new_redirect = make_redirection (1, r_err_and_out, rd); } else new_redirect = copy_redirect (redirect); } else { free (redirectee_word); return (AMBIGUOUS_REDIRECT); } free (redirectee_word); /* Set up the variables needed by the rest of the function from the new redirection. */ if (new_redirect->instruction == r_err_and_out) { char *alloca_hack; /* Copy the word without allocating any memory that must be explicitly freed. */ redirectee = (WORD_DESC *)alloca (sizeof (WORD_DESC)); xbcopy ((char *)new_redirect->redirectee.filename, (char *)redirectee, sizeof (WORD_DESC)); alloca_hack = (char *) alloca (1 + strlen (new_redirect->redirectee.filename->word)); redirectee->word = alloca_hack; strcpy (redirectee->word, new_redirect->redirectee.filename->word); } else /* It's guaranteed to be an integer, and shouldn't be freed. */ redirectee = new_redirect->redirectee.filename; redir_fd = new_redirect->redirectee.dest; redirector = new_redirect->redirector; ri = new_redirect->instruction; /* Overwrite the flags element of the old redirect with the new value. */ redirect->flags = new_redirect->flags; dispose_redirects (new_redirect); } switch (ri) { case r_output_direction: case r_appending_to: case r_input_direction: case r_inputa_direction: case r_err_and_out: /* command &>filename */ case r_input_output: case r_output_force: if (posixly_correct && !interactive_shell) disallow_filename_globbing++; redirectee_word = redirection_expand (redirectee); if (posixly_correct && !interactive_shell) disallow_filename_globbing--; if (!redirectee_word) return (AMBIGUOUS_REDIRECT); #if defined (RESTRICTED_SHELL) if (restricted && (ri == r_output_direction || ri == r_input_output || ri == r_err_and_out || ri == r_appending_to || ri == r_output_force)) { free (redirectee_word); return (RESTRICTED_REDIRECT); } #endif /* RESTRICTED_SHELL */ /* If we are in noclobber mode, you are not allowed to overwrite existing files. Check first. */ if (noclobber && (ri == r_output_direction || ri == r_input_output || ri == r_err_and_out)) { struct stat finfo; int stat_result; stat_result = stat (redirectee_word, &finfo); if ((stat_result == 0) && (S_ISREG (finfo.st_mode))) { free (redirectee_word); return (NOCLOBBER_REDIRECT); } /* If the file was not present, make sure we open it exclusively so that if it is created before we open it, our open will fail. */ if (stat_result != 0) redirect->flags |= O_EXCL; fd = open (redirectee_word, redirect->flags, 0666); if ((fd < 0) && (errno == EEXIST)) { free (redirectee_word); return (NOCLOBBER_REDIRECT); } } else { fd = open (redirectee_word, redirect->flags, 0666); #if defined (AFS_CREATE_BUG) if ((fd < 0) && (errno == EACCES)) fd = open (redirectee_word, (redirect->flags & ~O_CREAT), 0666); #endif /* AFS_CREATE_BUG */ } free (redirectee_word); if (fd < 0) return (errno); if (for_real) { if (remembering) /* Only setup to undo it if the thing to undo is active. */ if ((fd != redirector) && (fcntl (redirector, F_GETFD, 0) != -1)) add_undo_redirect (redirector); else add_undo_close_redirect (redirector); #if defined (BUFFERED_INPUT) check_bash_input (redirector); #endif if ((fd != redirector) && (dup2 (fd, redirector) < 0)) return (errno); #if defined (BUFFERED_INPUT) /* Do not change the buffered stream for an implicit redirection of /dev/null to fd 0 for asynchronous commands without job control (r_inputa_direction). */ if (ri == r_input_direction || ri == r_input_output) duplicate_buffered_stream (fd, redirector); #endif /* BUFFERED_INPUT */ /* * If we're remembering, then this is the result of a while, for * or until loop with a loop redirection, or a function/builtin * executing in the parent shell with a redirection. In the * function/builtin case, we want to set all file descriptors > 2 * to be close-on-exec to duplicate the effect of the old * for i = 3 to NOFILE close(i) loop. In the case of the loops, * both sh and ksh leave the file descriptors open across execs. * The Posix standard mentions only the exec builtin. */ if (set_clexec && (redirector > 2)) SET_CLOSE_ON_EXEC (redirector); } if (fd != redirector) { #if defined (BUFFERED_INPUT) if (ri == r_input_direction || ri == r_inputa_direction || ri == r_input_output) close_buffered_fd (fd); else #endif /* !BUFFERED_INPUT */ close (fd); /* Don't close what we just opened! */ } /* If we are hacking both stdout and stderr, do the stderr redirection here. */ if (ri == r_err_and_out) { if (for_real) { if (remembering) add_undo_redirect (2); if (dup2 (1, 2) < 0) return (errno); } } break; case r_reading_until: case r_deblank_reading_until: /* REDIRECTEE is a pointer to a WORD_DESC containing the text of the new input. Place it in a temporary file. */ if (redirectee) { char filename[40]; pid_t pid = getpid (); /* Make the filename for the temp file. */ sprintf (filename, "/tmp/t%d-sh", pid); fd = open (filename, O_TRUNC | O_WRONLY | O_CREAT, 0666); if (fd < 0) return (errno); errno = 0; /* XXX */ if (redirectee->word) { char *document; int document_len; /* Expand the text if the word that was specified had no quoting. The text that we expand is treated exactly as if it were surrounded by double quotes. */ if (redirectee->quoted) { document = redirectee->word; document_len = strlen (document); /* Set errno to something reasonable if the write fails. */ if (write (fd, document, document_len) < document_len) { if (errno == 0) errno = ENOSPC; close (fd); return (errno); } } else { WORD_LIST *tlist; tlist = expand_string (redirectee->word, Q_HERE_DOCUMENT); if (tlist) { int fd2; FILE *fp; register WORD_LIST *t; /* Try using buffered I/O (stdio) and writing a word at a time, letting stdio do the work of buffering for us rather than managing our own strings. Most stdios are not particularly fast, however -- this may need to be reconsidered later. */ if ((fd2 = dup (fd)) < 0 || (fp = fdopen (fd2, "w")) == NULL) { if (fd2 >= 0) close (fd2); close (fd); return (errno); } errno = 0; /* XXX */ for (t = tlist; t; t = t->next) { /* This is essentially the body of string_list_internal expanded inline. */ document = t->word->word; document_len = strlen (document); if (t != tlist) putc (' ', fp); /* separator */ fwrite (document, document_len, 1, fp); if (ferror (fp)) { if (errno == 0) errno = ENOSPC; break; } } fclose (fp); dispose_words (tlist); } } } close (fd); if (errno) return (errno); /* Make the document really temporary. Also make it the input. */ fd = open (filename, O_RDONLY, 0666); if (unlink (filename) < 0 || fd < 0) { if (fd >= 0) close (fd); return (errno); } if (for_real) { if (remembering) /* Only setup to undo it if the thing to undo is active. */ if ((fd != redirector) && (fcntl (redirector, F_GETFD, 0) != -1)) add_undo_redirect (redirector); else add_undo_close_redirect (redirector); #if defined (BUFFERED_INPUT) check_bash_input (redirector); #endif if (dup2 (fd, redirector) < 0) { close (fd); return (errno); } #if defined (BUFFERED_INPUT) duplicate_buffered_stream (fd, redirector); #endif if (set_clexec && (redirector > 2)) SET_CLOSE_ON_EXEC (redirector); } #if defined (BUFFERED_INPUT) close_buffered_fd (fd); #else close (fd); #endif } break; case r_duplicating_input: case r_duplicating_output: if (for_real && (redir_fd != redirector)) { if (remembering) /* Only setup to undo it if the thing to undo is active. */ if (fcntl (redirector, F_GETFD, 0) != -1) add_undo_redirect (redirector); else add_undo_close_redirect (redirector); #if defined (BUFFERED_INPUT) check_bash_input (redirector); #endif /* This is correct. 2>&1 means dup2 (1, 2); */ if (dup2 (redir_fd, redirector) < 0) return (errno); #if defined (BUFFERED_INPUT) if (ri == r_duplicating_input) duplicate_buffered_stream (redir_fd, redirector); #endif /* BUFFERED_INPUT */ /* First duplicate the close-on-exec state of redirectee. dup2 leaves the flag unset on the new descriptor, which means it stays open. Only set the close-on-exec bit for file descriptors greater than 2 in any case, since 0-2 should always be open unless closed by something like `exec 2<&-'. */ /* if ((already_set || set_unconditionally) && (ok_to_set)) set_it () */ if (((fcntl (redir_fd, F_GETFD, 0) == 1) || set_clexec) && (redirector > 2)) SET_CLOSE_ON_EXEC (redirector); } break; case r_close_this: if (for_real) { if (remembering && (fcntl (redirector, F_GETFD, 0) != -1)) add_undo_redirect (redirector); #if defined (BUFFERED_INPUT) check_bash_input (redirector); close_buffered_fd (redirector); #else /* !BUFFERED_INPUT */ close (redirector); #endif /* !BUFFERED_INPUT */ } break; } return (0); } #define SHELL_FD_BASE 10 /* Remember the file descriptor associated with the slot FD, on REDIRECTION_UNDO_LIST. Note that the list will be reversed before it is executed. Any redirections that need to be undone even if REDIRECTION_UNDO_LIST is discarded by the exec builtin are also saved on EXEC_REDIRECTION_UNDO_LIST. */ static int add_undo_redirect (fd) int fd; { int new_fd, clexec_flag; REDIRECT *new_redirect, *closer; new_fd = fcntl (fd, F_DUPFD, SHELL_FD_BASE); if (new_fd < 0) { file_error ("redirection error"); return (-1); } else { REDIRECT *dummy_redirect; clexec_flag = fcntl (fd, F_GETFD, 0); rd.dest = 0L; closer = make_redirection (new_fd, r_close_this, rd); dummy_redirect = copy_redirects (closer); rd.dest = (long)new_fd; new_redirect = make_redirection (fd, r_duplicating_output, rd); new_redirect->next = closer; closer->next = redirection_undo_list; redirection_undo_list = new_redirect; /* Save redirections that need to be undone even if the undo list is thrown away by the `exec' builtin. */ add_exec_redirect (dummy_redirect); /* File descriptors used only for saving others should always be marked close-on-exec. Unfortunately, we have to preserve the close-on-exec state of the file descriptor we are saving, since fcntl (F_DUPFD) sets the new file descriptor to remain open across execs. If, however, the file descriptor whose state we are saving is <= 2, we can just set the close-on-exec flag, because file descriptors 0-2 should always be open-on-exec, and the restore above in do_redirection() will take care of it. */ if (clexec_flag || fd < 3) SET_CLOSE_ON_EXEC (new_fd); } return (0); } /* Set up to close FD when we are finished with the current command and its redirections. */ static void add_undo_close_redirect (fd) int fd; { REDIRECT *closer; rd.dest = 0L; closer = make_redirection (fd, r_close_this, rd); closer->next = redirection_undo_list; redirection_undo_list = closer; } static void add_exec_redirect (dummy_redirect) REDIRECT *dummy_redirect; { dummy_redirect->next = exec_redirection_undo_list; exec_redirection_undo_list = dummy_redirect; } intern_function (name, function) WORD_DESC *name; COMMAND *function; { SHELL_VAR *var; if (!check_identifier (name, posixly_correct)) return (EXECUTION_FAILURE); var = find_function (name->word); if (var && readonly_p (var)) { report_error ("%s: readonly function", var->name); return (EXECUTION_FAILURE); } bind_function (name->word, function); return (EXECUTION_SUCCESS); } #define u_mode_bits(x) (((x) & 0000700) >> 6) #define g_mode_bits(x) (((x) & 0000070) >> 3) #define o_mode_bits(x) (((x) & 0000007) >> 0) #define X_BIT(x) ((x) & 1) /* Return some flags based on information about this file. The EXISTS bit is non-zero if the file is found. The EXECABLE bit is non-zero the file is executble. Zero is returned if the file is not found. */ int file_status (name) char *name; { struct stat finfo; static int user_id = -1; /* Determine whether this file exists or not. */ if (stat (name, &finfo) < 0) return (0); /* If the file is a directory, then it is not "executable" in the sense of the shell. */ if (S_ISDIR (finfo.st_mode)) return (FS_EXISTS); #if defined (AFS) /* We have to use access(2) to determine access because AFS does not support Unix file system semantics. This may produce wrong answers for non-AFS files when ruid != euid. I hate AFS. */ if (access (name, X_OK)) return (FS_EXISTS | FS_EXECABLE); else return (FS_EXISTS); #else /* !AFS */ /* Find out if the file is actually executable. By definition, the only other criteria is that the file has an execute bit set that we can use. */ if (user_id == -1) user_id = current_user.euid; /* Root only requires execute permission for any of owner, group or others to be able to exec a file. */ if (user_id == 0) { int bits; bits = (u_mode_bits (finfo.st_mode) | g_mode_bits (finfo.st_mode) | o_mode_bits (finfo.st_mode)); if (X_BIT (bits)) return (FS_EXISTS | FS_EXECABLE); } /* If we are the owner of the file, the owner execute bit applies. */ if (user_id == finfo.st_uid && X_BIT (u_mode_bits (finfo.st_mode))) return (FS_EXISTS | FS_EXECABLE); /* If we are in the owning group, the group permissions apply. */ if (group_member (finfo.st_gid) && X_BIT (g_mode_bits (finfo.st_mode))) return (FS_EXISTS | FS_EXECABLE); /* If `others' have execute permission to the file, then so do we, since we are also `others'. */ if (X_BIT (o_mode_bits (finfo.st_mode))) return (FS_EXISTS | FS_EXECABLE); else return (FS_EXISTS); #endif /* !AFS */ } /* Return non-zero if FILE exists and is executable. Note that this function is the definition of what an executable file is; do not change this unless YOU know what an executable file is. */ int executable_file (file) char *file; { return (file_status (file) & FS_EXECABLE); } /* DOT_FOUND_IN_SEARCH becomes non-zero when find_user_command () encounters a `.' as the directory pathname while scanning the list of possible pathnames; i.e., if `.' comes before the directory containing the file of interest. */ int dot_found_in_search = 0; /* Locate the executable file referenced by NAME, searching along the contents of the shell PATH variable. Return a new string which is the full pathname to the file, or NULL if the file couldn't be found. If a file is found that isn't executable, and that is the only match, then return that. */ char * find_user_command (name) char *name; { return (find_user_command_internal (name, FS_EXEC_PREFERRED)); } /* Locate the file referenced by NAME, searching along the contents of the shell PATH variable. Return a new string which is the full pathname to the file, or NULL if the file couldn't be found. This returns the first file found. */ char * find_path_file (name) char *name; { return (find_user_command_internal (name, FS_EXISTS)); } static char * find_user_command_internal (name, flags) char *name; int flags; { char *path_list; SHELL_VAR *var; /* Search for the value of PATH in both the temporary environment, and in the regular list of variables. */ if (var = find_variable_internal ("PATH", 1)) path_list = value_cell (var); else path_list = (char *)NULL; if (path_list == 0 || *path_list == '\0') return (savestring (name)); return (find_user_command_in_path (name, path_list, flags)); } /* Return the next element from PATH_LIST, a colon separated list of paths. PATH_INDEX_POINTER is the address of an index into PATH_LIST; the index is modified by this function. Return the next element of PATH_LIST or NULL if there are no more. */ static char * get_next_path_element (path_list, path_index_pointer) char *path_list; int *path_index_pointer; { char *path; path = extract_colon_unit (path_list, path_index_pointer); if (!path) return (path); if (!*path) { free (path); path = savestring ("."); } return (path); } char * user_command_matches (name, flags, state) char *name; int flags, state; { register int i; char *path_list; int path_index; char *path_element; char *match; static char **match_list = NULL; static int match_list_size = 0; static int match_index = 0; if (!state) { /* Create the list of matches. */ if (!match_list) { match_list = (char **) xmalloc ((match_list_size = 5) * sizeof(char *)); for (i = 0; i < match_list_size; i++) match_list[i] = 0; } /* Clear out the old match list. */ for (i = 0; i < match_list_size; i++) match_list[i] = NULL; /* We haven't found any files yet. */ match_index = 0; path_list = get_string_value ("PATH"); path_index = 0; while (path_list && path_list[path_index]) { path_element = get_next_path_element (path_list, &path_index); if (!path_element) break; match = find_user_command_in_path (name, path_element, flags); free (path_element); if (!match) continue; if (match_index + 1 == match_list_size) match_list = (char **)xrealloc (match_list, ((match_list_size += 10) + 1) * sizeof (char *)); match_list[match_index++] = match; match_list[match_index] = (char *)NULL; } /* We haven't returned any strings yet. */ match_index = 0; } match = match_list[match_index]; if (match) match_index++; return (match); } /* Return 1 if PATH1 and PATH2 are the same file. This is kind of expensive. If non-NULL STP1 and STP2 point to stat structures corresponding to PATH1 and PATH2, respectively. */ int same_file (path1, path2, stp1, stp2) char *path1, *path2; struct stat *stp1, *stp2; { struct stat st1, st2; if (stp1 == NULL) { if (stat (path1, &st1) != 0) return (0); stp1 = &st1; } if (stp2 == NULL) { if (stat (path2, &st2) != 0) return (0); stp2 = &st2; } return ((stp1->st_dev == stp2->st_dev) && (stp1->st_ino == stp2->st_ino)); } /* Turn PATH, a directory, and NAME, a filename, into a full pathname. This allocates new memory and returns it. */ static char * make_full_pathname (path, name, name_len) char *path, *name; int name_len; { char *full_path; int path_len; path_len = strlen (path); full_path = xmalloc (2 + path_len + name_len); strcpy (full_path, path); full_path[path_len] = '/'; strcpy (full_path + path_len + 1, name); return (full_path); } /* This does the dirty work for find_path_file () and find_user_command (). NAME is the name of the file to search for. PATH_LIST is a colon separated list of directories to search. FLAGS contains bit fields which control the files which are eligible. Some values are: FS_EXEC_ONLY: The file must be an executable to be found. FS_EXEC_PREFERRED: If we can't find an executable, then the the first file matching NAME will do. FS_EXISTS: The first file found will do. */ static char * find_user_command_in_path (name, path_list, flags) char *name; char *path_list; int flags; { char *full_path, *path, *file_to_lose_on; int status, path_index, name_len; struct stat finfo; name_len = strlen (name); /* The file name which we would try to execute, except that it isn't possible to execute it. This is the first file that matches the name that we are looking for while we are searching $PATH for a suitable one to execute. If we cannot find a suitable executable file, then we use this one. */ file_to_lose_on = (char *)NULL; /* We haven't started looking, so we certainly haven't seen a `.' as the directory path yet. */ dot_found_in_search = 0; if (absolute_program (name)) { full_path = xmalloc (1 + name_len); strcpy (full_path, name); status = file_status (full_path); /* If the file doesn't exist, quit now. */ if (!(status & FS_EXISTS)) { free (full_path); return ((char *)NULL); } /* If we only care about whether the file exists or not, return this filename. */ if (flags & FS_EXISTS) return (full_path); /* Otherwise, maybe we care about whether this file is executable. If it is, and that is what we want, return it. */ if ((flags & FS_EXEC_ONLY) && (status & FS_EXECABLE)) return (full_path); else { free (full_path); return ((char *)NULL); } } /* Find out the location of the current working directory. */ stat (".", &finfo); path_index = 0; while (path_list && path_list[path_index]) { /* Allow the user to interrupt out of a lengthy path search. */ QUIT; path = get_next_path_element (path_list, &path_index); if (!path) break; if (*path == '~') { char *t = tilde_expand (path); free (path); path = t; } /* Remember the location of "." in the path, in all its forms (as long as they begin with a `.', e.g. `./.') */ if (!dot_found_in_search && (*path == '.') && same_file (".", path, &finfo, (struct stat *)NULL)) dot_found_in_search = 1; full_path = make_full_pathname (path, name, name_len); free (path); status = file_status (full_path); if (!(status & FS_EXISTS)) goto next_file; /* The file exists. If the caller simply wants the first file, here it is. */ if (flags & FS_EXISTS) return (full_path); /* If the file is executable, then it satisfies the cases of EXEC_ONLY and EXEC_PREFERRED. Return this file unconditionally. */ if (status & FS_EXECABLE) { FREE (file_to_lose_on); return (full_path); } /* The file is not executable, but it does exist. If we prefer an executable, then remember this one if it is the first one we have found. */ if (flags & FS_EXEC_PREFERRED) { if (!file_to_lose_on) file_to_lose_on = savestring (full_path); } next_file: free (full_path); } /* We didn't find exactly what the user was looking for. Return the contents of FILE_TO_LOSE_ON which is NULL when the search required an executable, or non-NULL if a file was found and the search would accept a non-executable as a last resort. */ return (file_to_lose_on); } /* Given a string containing units of information separated by colons, return the next one pointed to by (P_INDEX), or NULL if there are no more. Advance (P_INDEX) to the character after the colon. */ char * extract_colon_unit (string, p_index) char *string; int *p_index; { int i, start; i = *p_index; if (!string || (i >= (int)strlen (string))) return ((char *)NULL); /* Each call to this routine leaves the index pointing at a colon if there is more to the path. If I is > 0, then increment past the `:'. If I is 0, then the path has a leading colon. Trailing colons are handled OK by the `else' part of the if statement; an empty string is returned in that case. */ if (i && string[i] == ':') i++; start = i; while (string[i] && string[i] != ':') i++; *p_index = i; if (i == start) { if (string[i]) (*p_index)++; /* Return "" in the case of a trailing `:'. */ return (savestring ("")); } else { char *value; value = xmalloc (1 + i - start); strncpy (value, string + start, i - start); value [i - start] = '\0'; return (value); } } /* Return non-zero if the characters from SAMPLE are not all valid characters to be found in the first line of a shell script. We check up to the first newline, or SAMPLE_LEN, whichever comes first. All of the characters must be printable or whitespace. */ #if !defined (isspace) #define isspace(c) ((c) == ' ' || (c) == '\t' || (c) == '\n' || (c) == '\f') #endif #if !defined (isprint) #define isprint(c) (isletter(c) || digit(c) || ispunct(c)) #endif int check_binary_file (sample, sample_len) unsigned char *sample; int sample_len; { register int i; for (i = 0; i < sample_len; i++) { if (sample[i] == '\n') break; if (!isspace (sample[i]) && !isprint (sample[i])) return (1); } return (0); } bash-1.14.3/execute_cmd.h 664 436 0 3550 5537650373 13331 0ustar chetwheel/* execute_cmd.h - functions from execute_cmd.c. */ /* Copyright (C) 1993 Free Software Foundation, Inc. This file is part of GNU Bash, the Bourne Again SHell. Bash is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option) any later version. Bash is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details. You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with Bash; see the file COPYING. If not, write to the Free Software Foundation, 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. */ #if !defined (_EXECUTE_CMD_H_) #define _EXECUTE_CMD_H_ #include "stdc.h" extern struct fd_bitmap *new_fd_bitmap __P((long)); extern void dispose_fd_bitmap __P((struct fd_bitmap *)); extern void close_fd_bitmap __P((struct fd_bitmap *)); extern int execute_command __P((COMMAND *)); extern int execute_command_internal __P((COMMAND *, int, int, int, struct fd_bitmap *)); extern int shell_execve __P((char *, char **, char **)); extern char *redirection_expand __P((WORD_DESC *)); extern int file_status __P((char *)); extern int executable_file __P((char *)); extern char *find_user_command __P((char *)); extern char *find_path_file __P((char *)); extern char *user_command_matches __P((char *, int, int)); extern int same_file __P((char *, char *, struct stat *, struct stat *)); extern char *extract_colon_unit __P((char *, int *)); extern int check_binary_file __P((unsigned char *, int)); extern void setup_async_signals __P((void)); #if defined (PROCESS_SUBSTITUTION) extern void close_all_files __P((void)); #endif #endif /* _EXECUTE_CMD_H_ */ bash-1.14.3/expr.c 644 436 0 43613 5673136065 12035 0ustar chetwheel/* expr.c -- arithmetic expression evaluation. */ /* Copyright (C) 1990, 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc. This file is part of GNU Bash, the Bourne Again SHell. Bash is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 1, or (at your option) any later version. Bash is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details. You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with Bash; see the file COPYING. If not, write to the Free Software Foundation, 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. */ /* All arithmetic is done as long integers with no checking for overflow (though division by 0 is caught and flagged as an error). The following operators are handled, grouped into a set of levels in order of decreasing precedence. "-", "+" [(unary operators)] "!", "~" "*", "/", "%" "+", "-" "<<", ">>" "<=", ">=", "<", ">" "==", "!=" "&" "^" "|" "&&" "||" "=" (Note that most of these operators have special meaning to bash, and an entire expression should be quoted, e.g. "a=$a+1" or "a=a+1" to ensure that it is passed intact to the evaluator when using `let'. When using the $[] or $(( )) forms, the text between the `[' and `]' or `((' and `))' is treated as if in double quotes.) Sub-expressions within parentheses have a precedence level greater than all of the above levels and are evaluated first. Within a single prece- dence group, evaluation is left-to-right, except for the arithmetic assignment operator (`='), which is evaluated right-to-left (as in C). The expression evaluator returns the value of the expression (assignment statements have as a value what is returned by the RHS). The `let' builtin, on the other hand, returns 0 if the last expression evaluates to a non-zero, and 1 otherwise. Implementation is a recursive-descent parser. Chet Ramey chet@ins.CWRU.Edu */ #include #include "bashansi.h" #include "shell.h" #define variable_starter(c) (isletter(c) || (c == '_')) #define variable_character(c) (isletter(c) || (c == '_') || digit(c)) /* Because of the $((...)) construct, expressions may include newlines. Here is a macro which accepts newlines, tabs and spaces as whitespace. */ #define cr_whitespace(c) (whitespace(c) || ((c) == '\n')) extern char *this_command_name; static char *expression = (char *) NULL; /* The current expression */ static char *tp = (char *) NULL; /* token lexical position */ static char *lasttp; static int curtok = 0; /* the current token */ static int lasttok = 0; /* the previous token */ static int assigntok = 0; /* the OP in OP= */ static char *tokstr = (char *) NULL; /* current token string */ static int tokval = 0; /* current token value */ static jmp_buf evalbuf; static void readtok (); /* lexical analyzer */ static long expassign (), exp0 (), exp1 (), exp2 (), exp3 (), exp4 (), exp5 (), expshift (), expland (), explor (), expband (), expbor (), expbxor (); static long strlong (); static void evalerror (); /* A structure defining a single expression context. */ typedef struct { int curtok, lasttok; char *expression, *tp; int tokval; char *tokstr; } EXPR_CONTEXT; /* Global var which contains the stack of expression contexts. */ static EXPR_CONTEXT **expr_stack; static int expr_depth = 0; /* Location in the stack. */ static int expr_stack_size = 0; /* Number of slots already allocated. */ /* Size be which the expression stack grows when neccessary. */ #define EXPR_STACK_GROW_SIZE 10 /* Maximum amount of recursion allowed. This prevents a non-integer variable such as "num=num+2" from infinitely adding to itself when "let num=num+2" is given. I have to talk to Chet about this hack. */ #define MAX_EXPR_RECURSION_LEVEL 1024 /* The Tokens. Singing "The Lion Sleeps Tonight". */ #define EQEQ 1 /* "==" */ #define NEQ 2 /* "!=" */ #define LEQ 3 /* "<=" */ #define GEQ 4 /* ">=" */ #define STR 5 /* string */ #define NUM 6 /* number */ #define LAND 7 /* "&&" Logical AND */ #define LOR 8 /* "||" Logical OR */ #define LSH 9 /* "<<" Left SHift */ #define RSH 10 /* ">>" Right SHift */ #define OP_ASSIGN 11 /* op= expassign as in Posix.2 */ #define EQ '=' #define GT '>' #define LT '<' #define PLUS '+' #define MINUS '-' #define MUL '*' #define DIV '/' #define MOD '%' #define NOT '!' #define LPAR '(' #define RPAR ')' #define BAND '&' /* Bitwise AND */ #define BOR '|' /* Either Bitwise OR, or what Chet is. */ #define BXOR '^' /* Bitwise eXclusive OR. */ #define BNOT '~' /* Bitwise NOT; Two's complement. */ /* Push and save away the contents of the globals describing the current expression context. */ static void pushexp () { EXPR_CONTEXT *context; context = (EXPR_CONTEXT *)xmalloc (sizeof (EXPR_CONTEXT)); if (expr_depth >= MAX_EXPR_RECURSION_LEVEL) evalerror ("expression recursion level exceeded"); if (expr_depth >= expr_stack_size) { expr_stack = (EXPR_CONTEXT **) xrealloc (expr_stack, (expr_stack_size += EXPR_STACK_GROW_SIZE) * sizeof (EXPR_CONTEXT *)); } context->curtok = curtok; context->lasttok = lasttok; context->expression = expression; context->tp = tp; context->tokval = tokval; context->tokstr = tokstr; expr_stack[expr_depth++] = context; } /* Pop the the contents of the expression context stack into the globals describing the current expression context. */ static void popexp () { EXPR_CONTEXT *context; if (expr_depth == 0) evalerror ("Recursion stack underflow"); context = expr_stack[--expr_depth]; curtok = context->curtok; lasttok = context->lasttok; expression = context->expression; tp = context->tp; tokval = context->tokval; tokstr = context->tokstr; free (context); } /* Evaluate EXPR, and return the arithmetic result. The `while' loop after the longjmp is caught relies on the above implementation of pushexp and popexp leaving in expr_stack[0] the values that the variables had when the program started. That is, the first things saved are the initial values of the variables that were assigned at program startup or by the compiler. Therefore, it is safe to let the loop terminate when expr_depth == 0, without freeing up any of the expr_depth[0] stuff. */ long evalexp (expr) char *expr; { long val = 0L; jmp_buf old_evalbuf; char *p; for (p = expr; p && *p && cr_whitespace (*p); p++) ; if (p == NULL || *p == '\0') return (0); /* Save the value of evalbuf to protect it around possible recursive calls to evalexp (). */ xbcopy ((char *)evalbuf, (char *)old_evalbuf, sizeof (jmp_buf)); if (setjmp (evalbuf)) { if (tokstr) /* Clean up local allocation. */ free (tokstr); if (expression) free (expression); while (--expr_depth) { if (expr_stack[expr_depth]->tokstr) free (expr_stack[expr_depth]->tokstr); if (expr_stack[expr_depth]->expression) free (expr_stack[expr_depth]->expression); } longjmp (top_level, DISCARD); } pushexp (); curtok = lasttok = 0; expression = savestring (expr); tp = expression; tokstr = (char *)NULL; tokval = 0l; readtok (); val = expassign (); if (curtok != 0) evalerror ("syntax error in expression"); if (tokstr) free (tokstr); if (expression) free (expression); popexp (); /* Restore the value of evalbuf so that any subsequent longjmp calls will have a valid location to jump to. */ xbcopy ((char *)old_evalbuf, (char *)evalbuf, sizeof (jmp_buf)); return (val); } /* Bind/create a shell variable with the name LHS to the RHS. This creates or modifies a variable such that it is an integer. This should really be in variables.c, but it is here so that all of the expression evaluation stuff is localized. Since we don't want any recursive evaluation from bind_variable() (possible without this code, since bind_variable() calls the evaluator for variables with the integer attribute set), we temporarily turn off the integer attribute for each variable we set here, then turn it back on after binding as necessary. */ void bind_int_variable (lhs, rhs) char *lhs, *rhs; { register SHELL_VAR *v; int isint = 0; v = find_variable (lhs); if (v) { isint = integer_p (v); v->attributes &= ~att_integer; } v = bind_variable (lhs, rhs); if (isint) v->attributes |= att_integer; } static long expassign () { register long value; char *lhs, *rhs; value = explor (); if (curtok == EQ || curtok == OP_ASSIGN) { int special = curtok == OP_ASSIGN; int op; long lvalue; if (lasttok != STR) evalerror ("attempted expassign to non-variable"); if (special) { op = assigntok; /* a OP= b */ lvalue = value; } lhs = savestring (tokstr); readtok (); value = expassign (); if (special) { switch (op) { case MUL: lvalue *= value; break; case DIV: lvalue /= value; break; case MOD: lvalue %= value; break; case PLUS: lvalue += value; break; case MINUS: lvalue -= value; break; case LSH: lvalue <<= value; break; case RSH: lvalue >>= value; break; case BAND: lvalue &= value; break; case BOR: lvalue |= value; break; default: evalerror ("bug: bad expassign token %d", assigntok); break; } value = lvalue; } rhs = itos (value); bind_int_variable (lhs, rhs); free (rhs); free (lhs); free (tokstr); tokstr = (char *)NULL; /* For freeing on errors. */ } return (value); } /* Logical OR. */ static long explor () { register long val1, val2; val1 = expland (); while (curtok == LOR) { readtok (); val2 = expland (); val1 = val1 || val2; } return (val1); } /* Logical AND. */ static long expland () { register long val1, val2; val1 = expbor (); while (curtok == LAND) { readtok (); val2 = expbor (); val1 = val1 && val2; } return (val1); } /* Bitwise OR. */ static long expbor () { register long val1, val2; val1 = expbxor (); while (curtok == BOR) { readtok (); val2 = expbxor (); val1 = val1 | val2; } return (val1); } /* Bitwise XOR. */ static long expbxor () { register long val1, val2; val1 = expband (); while (curtok == BXOR) { readtok (); val2 = expband (); val1 = val1 ^ val2; } return (val1); } /* Bitwise AND. */ static long expband () { register long val1, val2; val1 = exp5 (); while (curtok == BAND) { readtok (); val2 = exp5 (); val1 = val1 & val2; } return (val1); } static long exp5 () { register long val1, val2; val1 = exp4 (); while ((curtok == EQEQ) || (curtok == NEQ)) { int op = curtok; readtok (); val2 = exp4 (); if (op == EQEQ) val1 = (val1 == val2); else if (op == NEQ) val1 = (val1 != val2); } return (val1); } static long exp4 () { register long val1, val2; val1 = expshift (); while ((curtok == LEQ) || (curtok == GEQ) || (curtok == LT) || (curtok == GT)) { int op = curtok; readtok (); val2 = expshift (); if (op == LEQ) val1 = val1 <= val2; else if (op == GEQ) val1 = val1 >= val2; else if (op == LT) val1 = val1 < val2; else if (op == GT) val1 = val1 > val2; } return (val1); } /* Left and right shifts. */ static long expshift () { register long val1, val2; val1 = exp3 (); while ((curtok == LSH) || (curtok == RSH)) { int op = curtok; readtok (); val2 = exp3 (); if (op == LSH) val1 = val1 << val2; else val1 = val1 >> val2; } return (val1); } static long exp3 () { register long val1, val2; val1 = exp2 (); while ((curtok == PLUS) || (curtok == MINUS)) { int op = curtok; readtok (); val2 = exp2 (); if (op == PLUS) val1 += val2; else if (op == MINUS) val1 -= val2; } return (val1); } static long exp2 () { register long val1, val2; val1 = exp1 (); while ((curtok == MUL) || (curtok == DIV) || (curtok == MOD)) { int op = curtok; readtok (); val2 = exp1 (); if (((op == DIV) || (op == MOD)) && (val2 == 0)) evalerror ("division by 0"); if (op == MUL) val1 *= val2; else if (op == DIV) val1 /= val2; else if (op == MOD) val1 %= val2; } return (val1); } static long exp1 () { register long val; if (curtok == NOT) { readtok (); val = !exp1 (); } else if (curtok == BNOT) { readtok (); val = ~exp1 (); } else val = exp0 (); return (val); } static long exp0 () { register long val = 0L; if (curtok == MINUS) { readtok (); val = - exp0 (); } else if (curtok == PLUS) { readtok (); val = exp0 (); } else if (curtok == LPAR) { readtok (); val = expassign (); if (curtok != RPAR) evalerror ("missing `)'"); /* Skip over closing paren. */ readtok (); } else if ((curtok == NUM) || (curtok == STR)) { val = tokval; readtok (); } else evalerror ("syntax error in expression"); return (val); } /* Lexical analyzer/token reader for the expression evaluator. Reads the next token and puts its value into curtok, while advancing past it. Updates value of tp. May also set tokval (for number) or tokstr (for string). */ static void readtok () { register char *cp = tp; register int c, c1; /* Skip leading whitespace. */ c = 0; while (cp && (c = *cp) && (cr_whitespace (c))) cp++; if (c) cp++; lasttp = tp = cp - 1; if (c == '\0') { lasttok = curtok; curtok = 0; tp = cp; return; } if (variable_starter (c)) { /* Semi-bogus K*rn shell compatibility feature -- variable names not preceded with a dollar sign are shell variables. */ char *value; while (variable_character (c)) c = *cp++; c = *--cp; *cp = '\0'; if (tokstr) free (tokstr); tokstr = savestring (tp); value = get_string_value (tokstr); if (value && *value) tokval = evalexp (value); else tokval = 0; *cp = c; lasttok = curtok; curtok = STR; } else if (digit(c)) { while (digit (c) || isletter (c) || c == '#') c = *cp++; c = *--cp; *cp = '\0'; tokval = strlong (tp); *cp = c; lasttok = curtok; curtok = NUM; } else { c1 = *cp++; if ((c == EQ) && (c1 == EQ)) c = EQEQ; else if ((c == NOT) && (c1 == EQ)) c = NEQ; else if ((c == GT) && (c1 == EQ)) c = GEQ; else if ((c == LT) && (c1 == EQ)) c = LEQ; else if ((c == LT) && (c1 == LT)) { if (*cp == '=') /* a <<= b */ { assigntok = LSH; c = OP_ASSIGN; cp++; } else c = LSH; } else if ((c == GT) && (c1 == GT)) { if (*cp == '=') { assigntok = RSH; /* a >>= b */ c = OP_ASSIGN; cp++; } else c = RSH; } else if ((c == BAND) && (c1 == BAND)) c = LAND; else if ((c == BOR) && (c1 == BOR)) c = LOR; else if (c1 == EQ && member(c, "*/%+-&^|")) { assigntok = c; /* a OP= b */ c = OP_ASSIGN; } else cp--; /* `unget' the character */ lasttok = curtok; curtok = c; } tp = cp; } static void evalerror (msg) char *msg; { char *name, *t; name = this_command_name; if (name == 0) name = get_name_for_error (); for (t = expression; whitespace (*t); t++) ; fprintf (stderr, "%s: %s%s: %s (remainder of expression is \"%s\")", name, t, msg, (lasttp && *lasttp) ? lasttp : ""); longjmp (evalbuf, 1); } /* Convert a string to a long integer, with an arbitrary base. 0nnn -> base 8 0xnn -> base 16 Anything else: [base#]number (this is from the ISO Pascal spec). */ static long strlong (num) char *num; { register char *s = num; register int c; int base = 10; long val = 0L; if (s == NULL || *s == '\0') return 0L; if (*s == '0') { s++; if (s == NULL || *s == '\0') return 0L; /* Base 16? */ if (*s == 'x' || *s == 'X') { base = 16; s++; } else base = 8; } for (c = *s++; c; c = *s++) { if (c == '#') { base = (int)val; /* Illegal base specifications are silently reset to base 10. I don't think that this is a good idea? */ if (base < 2 || base > 36) base = 10; val = 0L; } else if (isletter(c) || digit(c)) { if (digit(c)) c = digit_value(c); else if (c >= 'a' && c <= 'z') c -= 'a' - 10; else if (c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z') c -= 'A' - 10; if (c >= base) evalerror ("value too great for base"); val = (val * base) + c; } else break; } return (val); } #if defined (EXPR_TEST) char * xmalloc (n) int n; { return (malloc (n)); } char * xrealloc (s, n) char *s; int n; { return (realloc (s, n)); } SHELL_VAR *find_variable () { return 0;} SHELL_VAR *bind_variable () { return 0; } char *get_string_value () { return 0; } jmp_buf top_level; main (argc, argv) int argc; char **argv; { register int i; long v; if (setjmp (top_level)) exit (0); for (i = 1; i < argc; i++) { v = evalexp (argv[i]); printf ("'%s' -> %ld\n", argv[i], v); } exit (0); } int builtin_error (format, arg1, arg2, arg3, arg4, arg5) char *format; { fprintf (stderr, "expr: "); fprintf (stderr, format, arg1, arg2, arg3, arg4, arg5); fprintf (stderr, "\n"); return 0; } char * itos (n) int n; { return ("42"); } #endif /* EXPR_TEST */ bash-1.14.3/externs.h 664 436 0 4367 5550365006 12532 0ustar chetwheel/* externs.h -- extern function declarations which do not appear in their own header file. */ /* Copyright (C) 1993 Free Software Foundation, Inc. This file is part of GNU Bash, the Bourne Again SHell. Bash is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option) any later version. Bash is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details. You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with Bash; see the file COPYING. If not, write to the Free Software Foundation, 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. */ /* Make sure that this is included *after* config.h! */ #if !defined (__EXTERNS_H__) # define __EXTERNS_H__ #include "stdc.h" /* Functions from expr.c. */ extern long evalexp __P((char *)); /* Functions from print_cmd.c. */ extern char *make_command_string __P((COMMAND *)); extern void print_command __P((COMMAND *)); extern void print_simple_command __P((SIMPLE_COM *)); extern char *named_function_string __P((char *, COMMAND *, int)); /* Functions from shell.c. */ extern int maybe_execute_file __P((char *, int)); extern char *indirection_level_string __P((void)); extern sighandler termination_unwind_protect __P((int)); extern sighandler sigint_sighandler __P((int)); extern void reset_terminating_signals __P((void)); extern char *shell_version_string __P((void)); extern void show_shell_version __P((void)); /* Functions from test.c. */ extern int group_member (); /* Functions from braces.c. */ #if defined (BRACE_EXPANSION) extern char **brace_expand __P((char *)); #endif /* Functions from mailcheck.c */ extern int time_to_check_mail __P((void)); extern void reset_mail_timer __P((void)); extern void reset_mail_files __P((void)); extern void free_mail_files __P((void)); extern void remember_mail_dates __P((void)); extern void check_mail __P((void)); /* Miscellaneous functions not declared anywhere but used. */ extern char **glob_filename __P((char *)); #endif /* __EXTERNS_H__ */ bash-1.14.3/filecntl.h 664 436 0 2350 5505132352 12624 0ustar chetwheel/* filecntl.h - Definitions to set file descriptors to close-on-exec. */ /* Copyright (C) 1993 Free Software Foundation, Inc. This file is part of GNU Bash, the Bourne Again SHell. Bash is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option) any later version. Bash is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details. You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with Bash; see the file COPYING. If not, write to the Free Software Foundation, 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. */ #if !defined (_FILECNTL_H_) #define _FILECNTL_H_ #include /* Definitions to set file descriptors to close-on-exec, the Posix way. */ #if !defined (FD_CLOEXEC) #define FD_CLOEXEC 1 #endif #define FD_NCLOEXEC 0 #define SET_CLOSE_ON_EXEC(fd) (fcntl ((fd), F_SETFD, FD_CLOEXEC)) #define SET_OPEN_ON_EXEC(fd) (fcntl ((fd), F_SETFD, FD_NCLOEXEC)) #endif /* ! _FILECNTL_H_ */ bash-1.14.3/flags.c 644 436 0 17443 5503672731 12152 0ustar chetwheel/* flags.c -- Everything about flags except the `set' command. That is in builtins.c */ /* Copyright (C) 1987,1989 Free Software Foundation, Inc. This file is part of GNU Bash, the Bourne Again SHell. Bash is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 1, or (at your option) any later version. Bash is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details. You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with Bash; see the file COPYING. If not, write to the Free Software Foundation, 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. */ /* Flags hacking. */ #include "shell.h" #include "flags.h" /* **************************************************************** */ /* */ /* The Standard Sh Flags. */ /* */ /* **************************************************************** */ /* Non-zero means automatically mark variables which are modified or created as auto export variables. */ int mark_modified_vars = 0; /* Non-zero causes asynchronous job notification. Otherwise, job state notification only takes place just before a primary prompt is printed. */ int asynchronous_notification = 0; /* Non-zero means exit immediately if a command exits with a non-zero exit status. */ int exit_immediately_on_error = 0; /* Non-zero means disable filename globbing. */ int disallow_filename_globbing = 0; /* Non-zero means to locate and remember function commands as functions are defined. Function commands are normally located when the function is executed. */ int locate_commands_in_functions = 0; /* Non-zero means that all keyword arguments are placed into the environment for a command, not just those that appear on the line before the command name. */ int place_keywords_in_env = 0; /* Non-zero means read commands, but don't execute tham. This is useful for debugging shell scripts that should do something hairy and possibly desctructive. */ int read_but_dont_execute = 0; /* Non-zero means end of file is after one command. */ int just_one_command = 0; /* Non-zero means don't overwrite existing files while doing redirections. */ int noclobber = 0; /* Non-zero means trying to get the value of $i where $i is undefined causes an error, instead of a null substitution. */ int unbound_vars_is_error = 0; /* Non-zero means type out input lines after you read them. */ int echo_input_at_read = 0; /* Non-zero means type out the command definition after reading, but before executing. */ int echo_command_at_execute = 0; /* Non-zero means turn on the job control features. */ int jobs_m_flag = 0; /* Non-zero means this shell is interactive, even if running under a pipe. */ int forced_interactive = 0; /* By default, follow the symbolic links as if they were real directories while hacking the `cd' command. This means that `cd ..' moves up in the string of symbolic links that make up the current directory, instead of the absolute directory. The shell variable `nolinks' also controls this flag. */ int no_symbolic_links = 0; /* **************************************************************** */ /* */ /* Non-Standard Flags Follow Here. */ /* */ /* **************************************************************** */ /* Non-zero means do lexical scoping in the body of a FOR command. */ int lexical_scoping = 0; /* Non-zero means no such thing as invisible variables. */ int no_invisible_vars = 0; /* Non-zero means don't look up or remember command names in a hash table, */ int hashing_disabled = 0; #if defined (HISTORY) /* Non-zero means that we are doing history expansion. The default. This means !22 gets the 22nd line of history. */ int history_expansion = 1; #endif /* HISTORY */ /* Non-zero means that we allow comments to appear in interactive commands. */ #if defined (INTERACTIVE_COMMENTS) int interactive_comments = 1; #else int interactive_comments = 0; #endif /* INTERACTIVE_COMMENTS */ #if defined (RESTRICTED_SHELL) /* Non-zero means that this shell is `restricted'. A restricted shell disallows: changing directories, command or path names containing `/', unsetting or resetting the values of $PATH and $SHELL, and any type of output redirection. */ int restricted = 0; #endif /* RESTRICTED_SHELL */ /* Non-zero means that this shell is running in `privileged' mode. This mode is entered on startup if the real and effective uids or gids differ. */ int privileged_mode = 0; /* **************************************************************** */ /* */ /* The Flags ALIST. */ /* */ /* **************************************************************** */ struct flags_alist shell_flags[] = { /* Standard sh flags. */ { 'a', &mark_modified_vars }, #if defined (JOB_CONTROL) { 'b', &asynchronous_notification }, #endif /* JOB_CONTROL */ { 'e', &exit_immediately_on_error }, { 'f', &disallow_filename_globbing }, { 'h', &locate_commands_in_functions }, /* Oh, yeah, good mnemonic. */ { 'i', &forced_interactive }, { 'k', &place_keywords_in_env }, #if defined (JOB_CONTROL) { 'm', &jobs_m_flag }, #endif /* JOB_CONTROL */ { 'n', &read_but_dont_execute }, { 'p', &privileged_mode }, #if defined (RESTRICTED_SHELL) { 'r', &restricted }, #endif /* RESTRICTED_SHELL */ { 't', &just_one_command }, { 'u', &unbound_vars_is_error }, { 'v', &echo_input_at_read }, { 'x', &echo_command_at_execute }, { 'C', &noclobber }, /* New flags that control non-standard things. */ { 'l', &lexical_scoping }, { 'I', &no_invisible_vars }, /* I want `h', but locate_commands_in_functions has it. Great. */ { 'd', &hashing_disabled }, { 'P', &no_symbolic_links }, #if defined (HISTORY) /* Once again, we don't have the right mnemonic. */ { 'H', &history_expansion }, #endif /* HISTORY */ {0, (int *)NULL} }; #define NUM_SHELL_FLAGS (sizeof (shell_flags) / sizeof (struct flags_alist)) int * find_flag (name) int name; { int i = 0; while (shell_flags[i].name) { if (shell_flags[i].name == name) return (shell_flags[i].value); i++; } return (FLAG_UNKNOWN); } /* Change the state of a flag, and return it's original value, or return FLAG_ERROR if there is no flag called NAME. ON_OR_OFF should be one of FLAG_ON or FLAG_OFF. */ int change_flag (flag, on_or_off) int flag; int on_or_off; { int *value = find_flag (flag); int old_value; #if defined (RESTRICTED_SHELL) /* Don't allow "set +r" in a shell which is `restricted'. */ if (restricted && flag == 'r' && on_or_off == FLAG_OFF) return (FLAG_ERROR); #endif /* RESTRICTED_SHELL */ if (value == (int *)FLAG_UNKNOWN) return (FLAG_ERROR); else old_value = *value; if (on_or_off == FLAG_ON) *value = 1; else { if (on_or_off == FLAG_OFF) *value = 0; else return (FLAG_ERROR); } /* Special cases for a few flags. */ switch (flag) { #if defined (JOB_CONTROL) case 'm': set_job_control (on_or_off == '-'); break; #endif /* JOB_CONTROL */ case 'p': if (on_or_off == '+') { setuid (current_user.uid); setgid (current_user.gid); current_user.euid = current_user.uid; current_user.egid = current_user.gid; } break; } return (old_value); } /* Return a string which is the names of all the currently set shell flags. */ char * which_set_flags () { char *temp = (char *)xmalloc (1 + NUM_SHELL_FLAGS); int i, string_index = 0; for (i = 0; shell_flags[i].name; i++) if (*(shell_flags[i].value)) temp[string_index++] = shell_flags[i].name; temp[string_index] = '\0'; return (temp); } bash-1.14.3/flags.h 644 436 0 4146 5505133046 12124 0ustar chetwheel/* flags.h -- a list of all the flags that the shell knows about. You add a flag to this program by adding the name here, and in flags.c. */ /* Copyright (C) 1993 Free Software Foundation, Inc. This file is part of GNU Bash, the Bourne Again SHell. Bash is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option) any later version. Bash is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details. You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with Bash; see the file COPYING. If not, write to the Free Software Foundation, 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. */ #if !defined (_FLAGS_H) #define _FLAGS_H #include "stdc.h" /* Welcome to the world of Un*x, where everything is slightly backwards. */ #define FLAG_ON '-' #define FLAG_OFF '+' #define FLAG_ERROR -1 #define FLAG_UNKNOWN (int *)0 /* The thing that we build the array of flags out of. */ struct flags_alist { char name; int *value; }; extern struct flags_alist shell_flags[]; extern int mark_modified_vars, exit_immediately_on_error, disallow_filename_globbing, locate_commands_in_functions, place_keywords_in_env, read_but_dont_execute, just_one_command, unbound_vars_is_error, echo_input_at_read, echo_command_at_execute, lexical_scoping, no_invisible_vars, noclobber, hashing_disabled, forced_interactive, privileged_mode, asynchronous_notification, interactive_comments, no_symbolic_links; #if defined (HISTORY) extern int history_expansion; #endif /* HISTORY */ #if defined (RESTRICTED_SHELL) extern int restricted; #endif /* RESTRICTED_SHELL */ extern int *find_flag __P((int)); extern int change_flag __P((int, int)); extern char *which_set_flags __P((void)); /* A macro for efficiency. */ #define change_flag_char(flag, on_or_off) change_flag (flag, on_or_off) #endif /* _FLAGS_H */ bash-1.14.3/general.c 644 436 0 66501 5670667560 12503 0ustar chetwheel/* general.c -- Stuff that is used by all files. */ /* Copyright (C) 1987, 1988, 1989, 1990, 1991, 1992 Free Software Foundation, Inc. This file is part of GNU Bash, the Bourne Again SHell. Bash is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option) any later version. Bash is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details. You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with Bash; see the file COPYING. If not, write to the Free Software Foundation, 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. */ #include "config.h" /* includes unistd.h for us */ #include #include #include #include "bashtypes.h" #include #if defined (_POSIX_VERSION) # if defined (amiga) && defined (USGr4) # define _POSIX_SOURCE # endif # include # if defined (amiga) && defined (USGr4) # undef _POSIX_SOURCE # endif #endif /* _POSIX_VERSION */ #include "filecntl.h" #include "bashansi.h" #include "shell.h" #include #if !defined (USG) || defined (HAVE_RESOURCE) # include #endif #include #include "maxpath.h" #if !defined (errno) extern int errno; #endif /* !errno */ /* Make the functions strchr and strrchr if they do not exist. */ #if !defined (HAVE_STRCHR) char * strchr (string, c) char *string; int c; { register int i; for (i = 0; string && string[i]; i++) if (string[i] == c) return ((char *) (string + i)); return ((char *) NULL); } char * strrchr (string, c) char *string; int c; { register int i; if (string) i = strlen (string) - 1; else i = -1; for (; string && i > -1; i--) if (string[i] == c) return ((char *) (string + i)); return ((char *) NULL); } #endif /* !HAVE_STRCHR */ /* **************************************************************** */ /* */ /* Memory Allocation and Deallocation. */ /* */ /* **************************************************************** */ char * xmalloc (size) int size; { register char *temp = (char *)malloc (size); if (!temp) fatal_error ("Out of virtual memory!"); return (temp); } char * xrealloc (pointer, size) GENPTR pointer; int size; { char *temp; if (!pointer) temp = xmalloc (size); else temp = (char *)realloc (pointer, size); if (!temp) fatal_error ("Out of virtual memory!"); return (temp); } /* Use this as the function to call when adding unwind protects so we don't need to know what free() returns. */ void xfree (string) char *string; { free (string); } /* **************************************************************** */ /* */ /* Integer to String Conversion */ /* */ /* **************************************************************** */ /* Number of characters that can appear in a string representation of an integer. 32 is larger than the string rep of 2^^31 - 1. */ #define MAX_INT_LEN 32 /* Integer to string conversion. This conses the string; the caller should free it. */ char * itos (i) int i; { char *buf, *p, *ret; int negative = 0; unsigned int ui; buf = xmalloc (MAX_INT_LEN); if (i < 0) { negative++; i = -i; } ui = (unsigned int) i; buf[MAX_INT_LEN - 1] = '\0'; p = &buf[MAX_INT_LEN - 2]; do *p-- = (ui % 10) + '0'; while (ui /= 10); if (negative) *p-- = '-'; ret = savestring (p + 1); free (buf); return (ret); } /* Return non-zero if all of the characters in STRING are digits. */ int all_digits (string) char *string; { while (*string) { if (!digit (*string)) return (0); else string++; } return (1); } /* atol(3) is not universal */ long string_to_long (s) char *s; { long ret = 0L; int neg = 0; while (s && *s && whitespace (*s)) s++; if (*s == '-' || *s == '+') { neg = *s == '-'; s++; } for ( ; s && *s && digit (*s); s++) ret = (ret * 10) + digit_value (*s); return (neg ? -ret : ret); } #if defined (RLIMTYPE) RLIMTYPE string_to_rlimtype (s) char *s; { RLIMTYPE ret = 0; int neg = 0; while (s && *s && whitespace (*s)) s++; if (*s == '-' || *s == '+') { neg = *s == '-'; s++; } for ( ; s && *s && digit (*s); s++) ret = (ret * 10) + digit_value (*s); return (neg ? -ret : ret); } void print_rlimtype (n, addnl) RLIMTYPE n; int addnl; { char s[sizeof (RLIMTYPE) * 3 + 1]; int len = sizeof (RLIMTYPE) * 3 + 1; if (n == 0) { printf ("0%s", addnl ? "\n" : ""); return; } if (n < 0) { putchar ('-'); n = -n; } s[--len] = '\0'; for ( ; n != 0; n /= 10) s[--len] = n % 10 + '0'; printf ("%s%s", s + len, addnl ? "\n" : ""); } #endif /* RLIMTYPE */ /* Return 1 if this token is a legal shell `identifier'; that is, it consists solely of letters, digits, and underscores, and does not begin with a digit. */ int legal_identifier (name) char *name; { register char *s; if (!name || !*name || digit (*name)) return (0); for (s = name; s && *s; s++) { if (!isletter (*s) && !digit (*s) && (*s != '_')) return (0); } return (1); } /* Make sure that WORD is a valid shell identifier, i.e. does not contain a dollar sign, nor is quoted in any way. Nor does it consist of all digits. If CHECK_WORD is non-zero, the word is checked to ensure that it consists of only letters, digits, and underscores. */ check_identifier (word, check_word) WORD_DESC *word; int check_word; { if (word->dollar_present || word->quoted || all_digits (word->word)) { report_error ("`%s' is not a valid identifier", word->word); return (0); } else if (check_word && legal_identifier (word->word) == 0) { report_error ("`%s' is not a valid identifier", word->word); return (0); } else return (1); } /* A function to unset no-delay mode on a file descriptor. Used in shell.c to unset it on the fd passed as stdin. Should be called on stdin if readline gets an EAGAIN or EWOULDBLOCK when trying to read input. */ #if !defined (O_NDELAY) # if defined (FNDELAY) # define O_NDELAY FNDELAY # endif #endif /* O_NDELAY */ /* Make sure no-delay mode is not set on file descriptor FD. */ void unset_nodelay_mode (fd) int fd; { int flags, set = 0; if ((flags = fcntl (fd, F_GETFL, 0)) < 0) return; #if defined (O_NONBLOCK) if (flags & O_NONBLOCK) { flags &= ~O_NONBLOCK; set++; } #endif /* O_NONBLOCK */ #if defined (O_NDELAY) if (flags & O_NDELAY) { flags &= ~O_NDELAY; set++; } #endif /* O_NDELAY */ if (set) fcntl (fd, F_SETFL, flags); } /* **************************************************************** */ /* */ /* Generic List Functions */ /* */ /* **************************************************************** */ /* Call FUNCTION on every member of LIST, a generic list. */ void map_over_list (list, function) GENERIC_LIST *list; Function *function; { while (list) { (*function) (list); list = list->next; } } /* Call FUNCTION on every string in WORDS. */ void map_over_words (words, function) WORD_LIST *words; Function *function; { while (words) { (*function)(words->word->word); words = words->next; } } /* Reverse the chain of structures in LIST. Output the new head of the chain. You should always assign the output value of this function to something, or you will lose the chain. */ GENERIC_LIST * reverse_list (list) GENERIC_LIST *list; { register GENERIC_LIST *next, *prev = (GENERIC_LIST *)NULL; while (list) { next = list->next; list->next = prev; prev = list; list = next; } return (prev); } /* Return the number of elements in LIST, a generic list. */ int list_length (list) GENERIC_LIST *list; { register int i; for (i = 0; list; list = list->next, i++); return (i); } /* A global variable which acts as a sentinel for an `error' list return. */ GENERIC_LIST global_error_list; /* Delete the element of LIST which satisfies the predicate function COMPARER. Returns the element that was deleted, so you can dispose of it, or -1 if the element wasn't found. COMPARER is called with the list element and then ARG. Note that LIST contains the address of a variable which points to the list. You might call this function like this: SHELL_VAR *elt = delete_element (&variable_list, check_var_has_name, "foo"); dispose_variable (elt); */ GENERIC_LIST * delete_element (list, comparer, arg) GENERIC_LIST **list; Function *comparer; char *arg; { register GENERIC_LIST *prev = (GENERIC_LIST *)NULL; register GENERIC_LIST *temp = *list; while (temp) { if ((*comparer) (temp, arg)) { if (prev) prev->next = temp->next; else *list = temp->next; return (temp); } prev = temp; temp = temp->next; } return ((GENERIC_LIST *)&global_error_list); } /* Find NAME in ARRAY. Return the index of NAME, or -1 if not present. ARRAY should be NULL terminated. */ int find_name_in_list (name, array) char *name, **array; { int i; for (i = 0; array[i]; i++) if (strcmp (name, array[i]) == 0) return (i); return (-1); } /* Return the length of ARRAY, a NULL terminated array of char *. */ int array_len (array) char **array; { register int i; for (i = 0; array[i]; i++); return (i); } /* Free the contents of ARRAY, a NULL terminated array of char *. */ void free_array (array) char **array; { register int i = 0; if (!array) return; while (array[i]) free (array[i++]); free (array); } /* Allocate and return a new copy of ARRAY and its contents. */ char ** copy_array (array) char **array; { register int i; int len; char **new_array; len = array_len (array); new_array = (char **)xmalloc ((len + 1) * sizeof (char *)); for (i = 0; array[i]; i++) new_array[i] = savestring (array[i]); new_array[i] = (char *)NULL; return (new_array); } /* Comparison routine for use with qsort() on arrays of strings. */ int qsort_string_compare (s1, s2) register char **s1, **s2; { int result; if ((result = **s1 - **s2) == 0) result = strcmp (*s1, *s2); return (result); } /* Append LIST2 to LIST1. Return the header of the list. */ GENERIC_LIST * list_append (head, tail) GENERIC_LIST *head, *tail; { register GENERIC_LIST *t_head = head; if (!t_head) return (tail); while (t_head->next) t_head = t_head->next; t_head->next = tail; return (head); } /* Some random string stuff. */ /* Remove all leading whitespace from STRING. This includes newlines. STRING should be terminated with a zero. */ void strip_leading (string) char *string; { char *start = string; while (*string && (whitespace (*string) || *string == '\n')) string++; if (string != start) { int len = strlen (string); FASTCOPY (string, start, len); start[len] = '\0'; } } /* Remove all trailing whitespace from STRING. This includes newlines. If NEWLINES_ONLY is non-zero, only trailing newlines are removed. STRING should be terminated with a zero. */ void strip_trailing (string, newlines_only) char *string; int newlines_only; { int len = strlen (string) - 1; while (len >= 0) { if ((newlines_only && string[len] == '\n') || (!newlines_only && whitespace (string[len]))) len--; else break; } string[len + 1] = '\0'; } /* Canonicalize PATH, and return a new path. The new path differs from PATH in that: Multple `/'s are collapsed to a single `/'. Leading `./'s and trailing `/.'s are removed. Trailing `/'s are removed. Non-leading `../'s and trailing `..'s are handled by removing portions of the path. */ char * canonicalize_pathname (path) char *path; { register int i, start; char stub_char; char *result; /* The result cannot be larger than the input PATH. */ result = savestring (path); stub_char = (*path == '/') ? '/' : '.'; /* Walk along RESULT looking for things to compact. */ i = 0; while (1) { if (!result[i]) break; while (result[i] && result[i] != '/') i++; start = i++; /* If we didn't find any slashes, then there is nothing left to do. */ if (!result[start]) break; /* Handle multiple `/'s in a row. */ while (result[i] == '/') i++; #if !defined (apollo) if ((start + 1) != i) #else if ((start + 1) != i && (start != 0 || i != 2)) #endif /* apollo */ { strcpy (result + start + 1, result + i); i = start + 1; } /* Handle backquoted `/'. */ if (start > 0 && result[start - 1] == '\\') continue; /* Check for trailing `/'. */ if (start && !result[i]) { zero_last: result[--i] = '\0'; break; } /* Check for `../', `./' or trailing `.' by itself. */ if (result[i] == '.') { /* Handle trailing `.' by itself. */ if (!result[i + 1]) goto zero_last; /* Handle `./'. */ if (result[i + 1] == '/') { strcpy (result + i, result + i + 1); i = start; continue; } /* Handle `../' or trailing `..' by itself. */ if (result[i + 1] == '.' && (result[i + 2] == '/' || !result[i + 2])) { while (--start > -1 && result[start] != '/'); strcpy (result + start + 1, result + i + 2); i = start; continue; } } } if (!*result) { *result = stub_char; result[1] = '\0'; } return (result); } /* Turn STRING (a pathname) into an absolute pathname, assuming that DOT_PATH contains the symbolic location of `.'. This always returns a new string, even if STRING was an absolute pathname to begin with. */ char * make_absolute (string, dot_path) char *string, *dot_path; { char *result; int result_len; if (!dot_path || *string == '/') result = savestring (string); else { if (dot_path && dot_path[0]) { result = xmalloc (2 + strlen (dot_path) + strlen (string)); strcpy (result, dot_path); result_len = strlen (result); if (result[result_len - 1] != '/') { result[result_len++] = '/'; result[result_len] = '\0'; } } else { result = xmalloc (3 + strlen (string)); result[0] = '.'; result[1] = '/'; result[2] = '\0'; result_len = 2; } strcpy (result + result_len, string); } return (result); } /* Return 1 if STRING contains an absolute pathname, else 0. */ int absolute_pathname (string) char *string; { if (!string || !*string) return (0); if (*string == '/') return (1); if (*string++ == '.') { if (!*string || *string == '/') return (1); if (*string == '.' && (string[1] == '\0' || string[1] == '/')) return (1); } return (0); } /* Return 1 if STRING is an absolute program name; it is absolute if it contains any slashes. This is used to decide whether or not to look up through $PATH. */ int absolute_program (string) char *string; { return ((char *)strchr (string, '/') != (char *)NULL); } /* Return the `basename' of the pathname in STRING (the stuff after the last '/'). If STRING is not a full pathname, simply return it. */ char * base_pathname (string) char *string; { char *p; if (!absolute_pathname (string)) return (string); p = (char *)strrchr (string, '/'); if (p) return (++p); else return (string); } /* Return the full pathname of FILE. Easy. Filenames that begin with a '/' are returned as themselves. Other filenames have the current working directory prepended. A new string is returned in either case. */ char * full_pathname (file) char *file; { char *disposer; if (*file == '~') file = tilde_expand (file); else file = savestring (file); if ((*file == '/') && absolute_pathname (file)) return (file); disposer = file; { char *current_dir = xmalloc (2 + MAXPATHLEN + strlen (file)); int dlen; if (getwd (current_dir) == 0) { report_error (current_dir); free (current_dir); return ((char *)NULL); } dlen = strlen (current_dir); current_dir[dlen++] = '/'; /* Turn /foo/./bar into /foo/bar. */ if (file[0] == '.' && file[1] == '/') file += 2; strcpy (current_dir + dlen, file); free (disposer); return (current_dir); } } #if !defined (HAVE_STRCASECMP) #if !defined (to_upper) # define to_upper(c) (islower(c) ? toupper(c) : (c)) #endif /* to_upper */ /* Compare at most COUNT characters from string1 to string2. Case doesn't matter. */ int strnicmp (string1, string2, count) char *string1, *string2; int count; { register char ch1, ch2; while (count) { ch1 = *string1++; ch2 = *string2++; if (to_upper(ch1) == to_upper(ch2)) count--; else break; } return (count); } /* strcmp (), but caseless. */ int stricmp (string1, string2) char *string1, *string2; { register char ch1, ch2; while (*string1 && *string2) { ch1 = *string1++; ch2 = *string2++; if (to_upper(ch1) != to_upper(ch2)) return (1); } return (*string1 - *string2); } #endif /* !HAVE_STRCASECMP */ /* Determine if s2 occurs in s1. If so, return a pointer to the match in s1. The compare is case insensitive. */ char * strindex (s1, s2) char *s1, *s2; { register int i, l = strlen (s2); register int len = strlen (s1); for (i = 0; (len - i) >= l; i++) if (strnicmp (s1 + i, s2, l) == 0) return (s1 + i); return ((char *)NULL); } /* Set the environment variables $LINES and $COLUMNS in response to a window size change. */ void set_lines_and_columns (lines, cols) int lines, cols; { char *val; val = itos (lines); bind_variable ("LINES", val); free (val); val = itos (cols); bind_variable ("COLUMNS", val); free (val); } /* A wrapper for bcopy that can be prototyped in general.h */ void xbcopy (s, d, n) char *s, *d; int n; { FASTCOPY (s, d, n); } /* Return a string corresponding to the error number E. From the ANSI C spec. */ #if defined (strerror) # undef strerror #endif #if !defined (HAVE_STRERROR) char * strerror (e) int e; { extern int sys_nerr; extern char *sys_errlist[]; static char emsg[40]; if (e > 0 && e < sys_nerr) return (sys_errlist[e]); else { sprintf (emsg, "Unknown error %d", e); return (&emsg[0]); } } #endif /* HAVE_STRERROR */ #if (defined (USG) && !defined (HAVE_TIMEVAL)) || defined (Minix) # define TIMEVAL_MISSING #endif #if !defined (TIMEVAL_MISSING) || defined (HAVE_RESOURCE) /* Print the contents of a struct timeval * in a standard way. */ void print_timeval (tvp) struct timeval *tvp; { int minutes, seconds_fraction; long seconds; seconds = tvp->tv_sec; seconds_fraction = tvp->tv_usec % 1000000; seconds_fraction = (seconds_fraction * 100) / 1000000; minutes = seconds / 60; seconds %= 60; printf ("%0dm%0ld.%02ds", minutes, seconds, seconds_fraction); } #endif /* !TIMEVAL_MISSING || HAVE_RESOURCE */ /* Print the time defined by a time_t (returned by the `times' and `time' system calls) in a standard way. This is scaled in terms of HZ, which is what is returned by the `times' call. */ #if !defined (BrainDeath) # if !defined (HZ) # if defined (USG) # define HZ 100 /* From my Sys V.3.2 manual for times(2) */ # else # define HZ 60 /* HZ is always 60 on BSD systems */ # endif /* USG */ # endif /* HZ */ void print_time_in_hz (t) time_t t; { int minutes, seconds_fraction; long seconds; seconds_fraction = t % HZ; seconds_fraction = (seconds_fraction * 100) / HZ; seconds = t / HZ; minutes = seconds / 60; seconds %= 60; printf ("%0dm%0ld.%02ds", minutes, seconds, seconds_fraction); } #endif /* BrainDeath */ #if !defined (HAVE_DUP2) /* Replacement for dup2 (), for those systems which either don't have it, or supply one with broken behaviour. */ int dup2 (fd1, fd2) int fd1, fd2; { extern int getdtablesize (); int saved_errno, r; /* If FD1 is not a valid file descriptor, then return immediately with an error. */ if (fcntl (fd1, F_GETFL, 0) == -1) return (-1); if (fd2 < 0 || fd2 >= getdtablesize ()) { errno = EBADF; return (-1); } if (fd1 == fd2) return (0); saved_errno = errno; (void) close (fd2); r = fcntl (fd1, F_DUPFD, fd2); if (r >= 0) errno = saved_errno; else if (errno == EINVAL) errno = EBADF; /* Force the new file descriptor to remain open across exec () calls. */ SET_OPEN_ON_EXEC (fd2); return (r); } #endif /* !HAVE_DUP2 */ /* * Return the total number of available file descriptors. * * On some systems, like 4.2BSD and its descendents, there is a system call * that returns the size of the descriptor table: getdtablesize(). There are * lots of ways to emulate this on non-BSD systems. * * On System V.3, this can be obtained via a call to ulimit: * return (ulimit(4, 0L)); * * On other System V systems, NOFILE is defined in /usr/include/sys/param.h * (this is what we assume below), so we can simply use it: * return (NOFILE); * * On POSIX systems, there are specific functions for retrieving various * configuration parameters: * return (sysconf(_SC_OPEN_MAX)); * */ #if !defined (USG) && !defined (HPUX) # define HAVE_GETDTABLESIZE #endif /* !USG && !HPUX */ #if defined (hppa) && (defined (hpux_8) || defined (hpux_9)) # undef HAVE_GETDTABLESIZE #endif /* hppa && hpux_8 */ #if !defined (HAVE_GETDTABLESIZE) int getdtablesize () { # if defined (_POSIX_VERSION) && defined (_SC_OPEN_MAX) return (sysconf(_SC_OPEN_MAX)); /* Posix systems use sysconf */ # else /* ! (_POSIX_VERSION && _SC_OPEN_MAX) */ # if defined (USGr3) return (ulimit (4, 0L)); /* System V.3 systems use ulimit(4, 0L) */ # else /* !USGr3 */ # if defined (NOFILE) /* Other systems use NOFILE */ return (NOFILE); # else /* !NOFILE */ return (20); /* XXX - traditional value is 20 */ # endif /* !NOFILE */ # endif /* !USGr3 */ # endif /* ! (_POSIX_VERSION && _SC_OPEN_MAX) */ } #endif /* !HAVE_GETDTABLESIZE */ #if defined (USG) #if !defined (HAVE_BCOPY) bcopy (s,d,n) char *d,*s; { FASTCOPY (s, d, n); } bzero (s,n) char *s; int n; { memset(s, '\0', n); } #endif /* !HAVE_BCOPY */ #if !defined (HAVE_GETHOSTNAME) #include int gethostname (name, namelen) char *name; int namelen; { int i; struct utsname ut; --namelen; uname (&ut); i = strlen (ut.nodename) + 1; strncpy (name, ut.nodename, i < namelen ? i : namelen); name[namelen] = '\0'; return (0); } #endif /* !HAVE_GETHOSTNAME */ #endif /* USG */ #if !defined (HAVE_GETWD) char * getwd (string) char *string; { extern char *getcwd (); char *result; result = getcwd (string, MAXPATHLEN); if (result == NULL) strcpy (string, "getwd: cannot access parent directories"); return (result); } #endif /* !HAVE_GETWD */ /* A slightly related function. Get the prettiest name of this directory possible. */ static char tdir[MAXPATHLEN]; /* Return a pretty pathname. If the first part of the pathname is the same as $HOME, then replace that with `~'. */ char * polite_directory_format (name) char *name; { char *home = get_string_value ("HOME"); int l = home ? strlen (home) : 0; if (l > 1 && strncmp (home, name, l) == 0 && (!name[l] || name[l] == '/')) { strcpy (tdir + 1, name + l); tdir[0] = '~'; return (tdir); } else return (name); } #if defined (NO_READ_RESTART_ON_SIGNAL) /* Posix and USG systems do not guarantee to restart read () if it is interrupted by a signal. We do the read ourselves, and restart it if it returns EINTR. */ int getc_with_restart (stream) FILE *stream; { static char localbuf[128]; static int local_index = 0, local_bufused = 0; /* Try local buffering to reduce the number of read(2) calls. */ if (local_index == local_bufused || local_bufused == 0) { while (1) { local_bufused = read (fileno (stream), localbuf, sizeof(localbuf)); if (local_bufused > 0) break; else if (local_bufused == 0 || errno != EINTR) { local_index = 0; return EOF; } } local_index = 0; } return (localbuf[local_index++]); } #endif /* NO_READ_RESTART_ON_SIGNAL */ #if defined (USG) || defined (AIX) || (defined (_POSIX_VERSION) && defined (Ultrix)) /* USG and strict POSIX systems do not have killpg (). But we use it in jobs.c, nojobs.c and some of the builtins. This can also be redefined as a macro if necessary. */ #if !defined (_POSIX_VERSION) # define pid_t int #endif /* _POSIX_VERSION */ int killpg (pgrp, sig) pid_t pgrp; int sig; { return (kill (-pgrp, sig)); } #endif /* USG || AIX || (_POSIX_VERSION && Ultrix) */ /* **************************************************************** */ /* */ /* Tilde Initialization and Expansion */ /* */ /* **************************************************************** */ /* If tilde_expand hasn't been able to expand the text, perhaps it is a special shell expansion. This function is installed as the tilde_expansion_failure_hook. It knows how to expand ~- and ~+. */ static char * bash_tilde_expand (text) char *text; { char *result = (char *)NULL; if (!text[1]) { if (*text == '+') result = get_string_value ("PWD"); else if (*text == '-') result = get_string_value ("OLDPWD"); } if (result) result = savestring (result); return (result); } /* Initialize the tilde expander. In Bash, we handle `~-' and `~+', as well as handling special tilde prefixes; `:~" and `=~' are indications that we should do tilde expansion. */ void tilde_initialize () { static int times_called = 0; /* Tell the tilde expander that we want a crack if it fails. */ tilde_expansion_failure_hook = (CPFunction *)bash_tilde_expand; /* Tell the tilde expander about special strings which start a tilde expansion, and the special strings that end one. Only do this once. tilde_initialize () is called from within bashline_reinitialize (). */ if (times_called == 0) { tilde_additional_prefixes = (char **)xmalloc (3 * sizeof (char *)); tilde_additional_prefixes[0] = "=~"; tilde_additional_prefixes[1] = ":~"; tilde_additional_prefixes[2] = (char *)NULL; tilde_additional_suffixes = (char **)xmalloc (3 * sizeof (char *)); tilde_additional_suffixes[0] = ":"; tilde_additional_suffixes[1] = "=~"; tilde_additional_suffixes[2] = (char *)NULL; } times_called++; } #if defined (_POSIX_VERSION) #if !defined (SA_INTERRUPT) # define SA_INTERRUPT 0 #endif #if !defined (SA_RESTART) # define SA_RESTART 0 #endif SigHandler * set_signal_handler (sig, handler) int sig; SigHandler *handler; { struct sigaction act, oact; act.sa_handler = handler; act.sa_flags = 0; #if 0 if (sig == SIGALRM) act.sa_flags |= SA_INTERRUPT; /* XXX */ else act.sa_flags |= SA_RESTART; /* XXX */ #endif sigemptyset (&act.sa_mask); sigemptyset (&oact.sa_mask); sigaction (sig, &act, &oact); return (oact.sa_handler); } #endif /* _POSIX_VERSION */ bash-1.14.3/general.h 664 436 0 16317 5670670063 12502 0ustar chetwheel/* general.h -- defines that everybody likes to use. */ /* Copyright (C) 1993 Free Software Foundation, Inc. This file is part of GNU Bash, the Bourne Again SHell. Bash is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option) any later version. Bash is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details. You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with Bash; see the file COPYING. If not, write to the Free Software Foundation, 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. */ #if !defined (_GENERAL_H) #define _GENERAL_H #include "stdc.h" #if !defined (NULL) # if defined (__STDC__) # define NULL ((void *) 0) # else # define NULL 0x0 # endif /* !__STDC__ */ #endif /* !NULL */ #if defined (HAVE_STRING_H) # include #else # include #endif /* !HAVE_STRING_H */ #define pointer_to_int(x) (int)((long)(x)) #if !defined (savestring) extern char *xmalloc (); # if !defined (strcpy) extern char *strcpy (); # endif # define savestring(x) (char *)strcpy (xmalloc (1 + strlen (x)), (x)) #endif #ifndef whitespace #define whitespace(c) (((c) == ' ') || ((c) == '\t')) #endif #ifndef digit #define digit(c) ((c) >= '0' && (c) <= '9') #endif #ifndef isletter #define isletter(c) (((c) >= 'A' && (c) <= 'Z') || ((c) >= 'a' && (c) <= 'z')) #endif #ifndef digit_value #define digit_value(c) ((c) - '0') #endif /* Definitions used in subst.c and by the `read' builtin for field splitting. */ #define spctabnl(c) ((c) == ' ' || (c) == '\t' || (c) == '\n') #if !defined (__STDC__) && !defined (strchr) extern char *strchr (), *strrchr (); #endif /* !strchr */ #ifndef member # if defined (alpha) && defined (__GNUC__) /* XXX */ extern char *strchr (); # endif # define member(c, s) ((c) ? ((char *)strchr ((s), (c)) != (char *)NULL) : 0) #endif /* All structs which contain a `next' field should have that field as the first field in the struct. This means that functions can be written to handle the general case for linked lists. */ typedef struct g_list { struct g_list *next; } GENERIC_LIST; /* Here is a generic structure for associating character strings with integers. It is used in the parser for shell tokenization. */ typedef struct { char *word; int token; } STRING_INT_ALIST; /* A macro to avoid making an uneccessary function call. */ #define REVERSE_LIST(list, type) \ ((list && list->next) ? (type)reverse_list ((GENERIC_LIST *)list) : (type)(list)) #if __GNUC__ > 1 # define FASTCOPY(s, d, n) __builtin_memcpy (d, s, n) #else /* !__GNUC__ */ # if defined (USG) && !defined (HAVE_BCOPY) # if defined (MEMMOVE_MISSING) # define FASTCOPY(s, d, n) memcpy (d, s, n) # else # define FASTCOPY(s, d, n) memmove (d, s, n) # endif /* !MEMMOVE_MISSING */ # else # define FASTCOPY(s, d, n) bcopy (s, d, n) # endif /* !USG || HAVE_BCOPY */ #endif /* !__GNUC__ */ /* String comparisons that possibly save a function call each. */ #define STREQ(a, b) ((a)[0] == (b)[0] && strcmp(a, b) == 0) #define STREQN(a, b, n) ((a)[0] == (b)[0] && strncmp(a, b, n) == 0) /* More convenience definitions that possibly save system or libc calls. */ #define STRLEN(s) (((s) && (s)[0]) ? ((s)[1] ? ((s)[2] ? strlen(s) : 2) : 1) : 0) #define FREE(s) do { if (s) free (s); } while (0) #define MEMBER(c, s) (((c) && !(s)[1] && c == s[0]) || (member(c, s))) /* What type is a `generic' pointer? This is used as the first argument to xrealloc. */ #if defined (__STDC__) typedef void *GENPTR; #else typedef char *GENPTR; #endif /* Function pointers can be declared as (Function *)foo. */ #if !defined (__FUNCTION_DEF) # define __FUNCTION_DEF typedef int Function (); typedef void VFunction (); typedef char *CPFunction (); typedef char **CPPFunction (); #endif /* _FUNCTION_DEF */ #define NOW ((time_t) time ((time_t *) 0)) /* Some defines for calling file status functions. */ #define FS_EXISTS 0x1 #define FS_EXECABLE 0x2 #define FS_EXEC_PREFERRED 0x4 #define FS_EXEC_ONLY 0x8 /* Posix and USG systems do not guarantee to restart a read () that is interrupted by a signal. */ #if defined (USG) || defined (_POSIX_VERSION) # define NO_READ_RESTART_ON_SIGNAL #endif /* USG || _POSIX_VERSION */ /* Here is a definition for set_signal_handler () which simply expands to a call to signal () for non-Posix systems. The code for set_signal_handler in the Posix case resides in general.c. */ #if defined (VOID_SIGHANDLER) # define sighandler void #else # define sighandler int #endif /* !VOID_SIGHANDLER */ typedef sighandler SigHandler (); #if !defined (_POSIX_VERSION) # define set_signal_handler(sig, handler) (SigHandler *)signal (sig, handler) #else extern SigHandler *set_signal_handler (); #endif /* _POSIX_VERSION */ /* This function is defined in trap.c. */ extern SigHandler *set_sigint_handler __P((void)); /* Declarations for functions defined in general.c */ extern char *xmalloc __P((int)); extern char *xrealloc __P((void *, int)); extern void xfree __P((char *)); extern char *itos __P((int)); extern int all_digits __P((char *)); extern long string_to_long __P((char *)); extern int legal_identifier __P((char *)); extern int check_identifier __P((WORD_DESC *, int)); extern void unset_nodelay_mode __P((int)); extern void map_over_words __P((WORD_LIST *, Function *)); extern void map_over_list __P((GENERIC_LIST *, Function *)); extern GENERIC_LIST *reverse_list (); extern GENERIC_LIST *delete_element (); extern GENERIC_LIST *list_append (); extern int list_length (); extern int qsort_string_compare (); extern int find_name_in_list __P((char *, char **)); extern int array_len __P((char **)); extern void free_array __P((char **)); extern char **copy_array __P((char **)); extern void strip_leading __P((char *)); extern void strip_trailing __P((char *, int)); extern char *canonicalize_pathname __P((char *)); extern char *make_absolute __P((char *, char *)); extern int absolute_pathname __P((char *)); extern int absolute_program __P((char *)); extern char *base_pathname __P((char *)); extern char *full_pathname __P((char *)); extern char *strindex __P((char *, char *)); extern void set_lines_and_columns __P((int, int)); extern void xbcopy __P((char *, char *, int)); extern char *polite_directory_format __P((char *)); extern void tilde_initialize __P((void)); #if !defined (strerror) extern char *strerror __P((int)); #endif #if defined (RLIMTYPE) extern RLIMTYPE string_to_rlimtype __P((char *)); extern void print_rlimtype __P((RLIMTYPE, int)); #endif #if !defined (HAVE_STRCASECMP) extern int strnicmp __P((char *, char *, int)); extern int stricmp __P((char *, char *)); #else /* HAVE_STRCASECMP */ # define stricmp strcasecmp # define strnicmp strncasecmp #endif /* HAVE_STRCASECMP */ extern int dup2 __P((int, int)); extern char *getwd __P((char *)); extern int getdtablesize __P((void)); #if defined (USG) && !defined (HAVE_GETHOSTNAME) extern int gethostname __P((char *, int)); #endif /* USG && !HAVE_GETHOSTNAME */ #endif /* _GENERAL_H */ bash-1.14.3/getcwd.c 664 436 0 17237 5505135126 12330 0ustar chetwheel/* getcwd.c -- stolen from the GNU C library and modified to work with bash. */ /* Copyright (C) 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc. This file is part of the GNU C Library. The GNU C Library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU Library General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later version. The GNU C Library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU Library General Public License for more details. You should have received a copy of the GNU Library General Public License along with the GNU C Library; see the file COPYING.LIB. If not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. */ #include "bashtypes.h" #include #if defined (HAVE_LIMITS_H) # include #endif #if defined (HAVE_DIRENT_H) # include #else # include # if !defined (dirent) # define dirent direct # endif /* !dirent */ #endif /* !HAVE_DIRENT_H */ #if defined (HAVE_UNISTD_H) # include #endif #include "posixstat.h" #include "maxpath.h" #include "config.h" #if defined (HAVE_STDLIB_H) # include #else # include "ansi_stdlib.h" #endif /* !HAVE_STDLIB_H */ #if defined (HAVE_STRING_H) # include #else # include #endif /* !HAVE_STRING_H */ /* Not all systems declare ERRNO in errno.h... and some systems #define it! */ #if !defined (errno) extern int errno; #endif /* !errno */ #if defined (__STDC__) # define CONST const # define PTR void * #else /* !__STDC__ */ # define CONST # define PTR char * #endif /* !__STDC__ */ #if !defined (PATH_MAX) # if defined (MAXPATHLEN) # define PATH_MAX MAXPATHLEN # else /* !MAXPATHLEN */ # define PATH_MAX 1024 # endif /* !MAXPATHLEN */ #endif /* !PATH_MAX */ #if defined (_POSIX_VERSION) || defined (USGr3) || defined (HAVE_DIRENT_H) # if !defined (HAVE_DIRENT) # define HAVE_DIRENT # endif /* !HAVE_DIRENT */ #endif /* _POSIX_VERSION || USGr3 || HAVE_DIRENT_H */ #if defined (HAVE_DIRENT) # define D_NAMLEN(d) (strlen ((d)->d_name)) #else # define D_NAMLEN(d) ((d)->d_namlen) #endif /* ! (_POSIX_VERSION || USGr3) */ #if defined (USG) || defined (USGr3) # define d_fileno d_ino #endif #if !defined (alloca) extern char *alloca (); #endif /* alloca */ /* Heuristic to tell whether or not the current machine has lstat(2). Can probably be fooled easily. */ #if !defined (S_ISLNK) # define lstat stat #endif /* Get the pathname of the current working directory, and put it in SIZE bytes of BUF. Returns NULL if the directory couldn't be determined or SIZE was too small. If successful, returns BUF. In GNU, if BUF is NULL, an array is allocated with `malloc'; the array is SIZE bytes long, unless SIZE <= 0, in which case it is as big as necessary. */ #if defined (__STDC__) char * getcwd (char *buf, size_t size) #else /* !__STDC__ */ char * getcwd (buf, size) char *buf; size_t size; #endif /* !__STDC__ */ { static CONST char dots[] = "../../../../../../../../../../../../../../../../../../../../../../../\ ../../../../../../../../../../../../../../../../../../../../../../../../../../\ ../../../../../../../../../../../../../../../../../../../../../../../../../.."; CONST char *dotp, *dotlist; size_t dotsize; dev_t rootdev, thisdev; ino_t rootino, thisino; char path[PATH_MAX + 1]; register char *pathp; char *pathbuf; size_t pathsize; struct stat st; if (buf != NULL && size == 0) { errno = EINVAL; return ((char *)NULL); } pathsize = sizeof (path); pathp = &path[pathsize]; *--pathp = '\0'; pathbuf = path; if (stat (".", &st) < 0) return ((char *)NULL); thisdev = st.st_dev; thisino = st.st_ino; if (stat ("/", &st) < 0) return ((char *)NULL); rootdev = st.st_dev; rootino = st.st_ino; dotsize = sizeof (dots) - 1; dotp = &dots[sizeof (dots)]; dotlist = dots; while (!(thisdev == rootdev && thisino == rootino)) { register DIR *dirstream; register struct dirent *d; dev_t dotdev; ino_t dotino; char mount_point; int namlen; /* Look at the parent directory. */ if (dotp == dotlist) { /* My, what a deep directory tree you have, Grandma. */ char *new; if (dotlist == dots) { new = malloc (dotsize * 2 + 1); if (new == NULL) goto lose; memcpy (new, dots, dotsize); } else { new = realloc ((PTR) dotlist, dotsize * 2 + 1); if (new == NULL) goto lose; } memcpy (&new[dotsize], new, dotsize); dotp = &new[dotsize]; dotsize *= 2; new[dotsize] = '\0'; dotlist = new; } dotp -= 3; /* Figure out if this directory is a mount point. */ if (stat (dotp, &st) < 0) goto lose; dotdev = st.st_dev; dotino = st.st_ino; mount_point = dotdev != thisdev; /* Search for the last directory. */ dirstream = opendir (dotp); if (dirstream == NULL) goto lose; while ((d = readdir (dirstream)) != NULL) { if (d->d_name[0] == '.' && (d->d_name[1] == '\0' || (d->d_name[1] == '.' && d->d_name[2] == '\0'))) continue; if (mount_point || d->d_fileno == thisino) { char *name; namlen = D_NAMLEN(d); name = (char *) alloca (dotlist + dotsize - dotp + 1 + namlen + 1); memcpy (name, dotp, dotlist + dotsize - dotp); name[dotlist + dotsize - dotp] = '/'; memcpy (&name[dotlist + dotsize - dotp + 1], d->d_name, namlen + 1); if (lstat (name, &st) < 0) { int save = errno; (void) closedir (dirstream); errno = save; goto lose; } if (st.st_dev == thisdev && st.st_ino == thisino) break; } } if (d == NULL) { int save = errno; (void) closedir (dirstream); errno = save; goto lose; } else { size_t space; while ((space = pathp - pathbuf) <= namlen) { char *new; if (pathbuf == path) { new = malloc (pathsize * 2); if (!new) goto lose; } else { new = realloc ((PTR) pathbuf, (pathsize * 2)); if (!new) goto lose; pathp = new + space; } (void) memcpy (new + pathsize + space, pathp, pathsize - space); pathp = new + pathsize + space; pathbuf = new; pathsize *= 2; } pathp -= namlen; (void) memcpy (pathp, d->d_name, namlen); *--pathp = '/'; (void) closedir (dirstream); } thisdev = dotdev; thisino = dotino; } if (pathp == &path[sizeof(path) - 1]) *--pathp = '/'; if (dotlist != dots) free ((PTR) dotlist); { size_t len = pathbuf + pathsize - pathp; if (buf == NULL) { if (len < (size_t) size) len = size; buf = (char *) malloc (len); if (buf == NULL) goto lose2; } else if ((size_t) size < len) { errno = ERANGE; goto lose2; } (void) memcpy((PTR) buf, (PTR) pathp, len); } if (pathbuf != path) free (pathbuf); return (buf); lose: if ((dotlist != dots) && dotlist) { int e = errno; free ((PTR) dotlist); errno = e; } lose2: if ((pathbuf != path) && pathbuf) { int e = errno; free ((PTR) pathbuf); errno = e; } return ((char *)NULL); } #if defined (TEST) # include main (argc, argv) int argc; char **argv; { char b[PATH_MAX]; if (getcwd(b, sizeof(b))) { printf ("%s\n", b); exit (0); } else { perror ("cwd: getcwd"); exit (1); } } #endif /* TEST */ bash-1.14.3/hash.c 644 436 0 15130 5554035734 11772 0ustar chetwheel/* Hash.c -- Where hashing for bash is done. */ /* Copyright (C) 1987, 1989, 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc. This file is part of GNU Bash, the Bourne Again SHell. Bash is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 1, or (at your option) any later version. Bash is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details. You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with Bash; see the file COPYING. If not, write to the Free Software Foundation, 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. */ /* There appears to be library functions for this stuff, but it seems like a lot of overhead, so I just implemented this hashing stuff on my own. */ #if defined (HAVE_STRING_H) # include #else /* !HAVE_STRING_H */ # include #endif /* !HAVE_STRING_H */ #if defined (HAVE_STDLIB_H) # include #else # include "ansi_stdlib.h" #endif /* HAVE_STDLIB_H */ #include "shell.h" #include "hash.h" HASH_TABLE *hashed_filenames; #define FILENAME_HASH_BUCKETS 107 /* Zero the buckets in TABLE. */ static void initialize_hash_table (table) HASH_TABLE *table; { register int i; for (i = 0; i < table->nbuckets; i++) table->bucket_array[i] = (BUCKET_CONTENTS *)NULL; } /* Make a new hash table with BUCKETS number of buckets. Initialize each slot in the table to NULL. */ HASH_TABLE * make_hash_table (buckets) int buckets; { HASH_TABLE *new_table = (HASH_TABLE *)xmalloc (sizeof (HASH_TABLE)); if (buckets == 0) buckets = DEFAULT_HASH_BUCKETS; new_table->bucket_array = (BUCKET_CONTENTS **)xmalloc (buckets * sizeof (BUCKET_CONTENTS *)); new_table->nbuckets = buckets; new_table->nentries = 0; initialize_hash_table (new_table); return (new_table); } #if 0 /* UNUSED */ /* Create the hash table for filenames that we use in the shell. */ initialize_hashed_filenames () { hashed_filenames = make_hash_table (FILENAME_HASH_BUCKETS); } #endif /* Return the location of the bucket which should contain the data for STRING. TABLE is a pointer to a HASH_TABLE. */ #define ALL_ONES (~((unsigned long) 0)) #define BITS(h, n) ((unsigned long)(h) & ~(ALL_ONES << (n))) int hash_string (string, table) char *string; HASH_TABLE *table; { register unsigned int i = 0; while (*string) i = (i << 2) + *string++; return (BITS (i, 31) % table->nbuckets); } /* Return a pointer to the hashed item, or NULL if the item can't be found. */ BUCKET_CONTENTS * find_hash_item (string, table) char *string; HASH_TABLE *table; { BUCKET_CONTENTS *list; int which_bucket; if (!table) return (BUCKET_CONTENTS *)NULL; which_bucket = hash_string (string, table); list = table->bucket_array[which_bucket]; while (list) { if (STREQ (list->key, string)) { list->times_found++; return (list); } else list = list->next; } return (BUCKET_CONTENTS *)NULL; } /* Remove the item specified by STRING from the hash table TABLE. The item removed is returned, so you can free its contents. If the item isn't in this table NULL is returned. */ BUCKET_CONTENTS * remove_hash_item (string, table) char *string; HASH_TABLE *table; { int the_bucket; BUCKET_CONTENTS *prev, *temp; if (!table) return (BUCKET_CONTENTS *)NULL; the_bucket = hash_string (string, table); prev = (BUCKET_CONTENTS *)NULL; temp = table->bucket_array[the_bucket]; while (temp) { if (STREQ (temp->key, string)) { if (prev) prev->next = temp->next; else table->bucket_array[the_bucket] = temp->next; table->nentries--; return (temp); } prev = temp; temp = temp->next; } return ((BUCKET_CONTENTS *) NULL); } /* Create an entry for STRING, in TABLE. If the entry already exists, then return it. */ BUCKET_CONTENTS * add_hash_item (string, table) char *string; HASH_TABLE *table; { BUCKET_CONTENTS *item; if (!table) table = make_hash_table (0); if ((item = find_hash_item (string, table)) == 0) { int bucket = hash_string (string, table); item = table->bucket_array[bucket]; while (item && item->next) item = item->next; if (item) { item->next = (BUCKET_CONTENTS *)xmalloc (sizeof (BUCKET_CONTENTS)); item = item->next; } else { table->bucket_array[bucket] = (BUCKET_CONTENTS *)xmalloc (sizeof (BUCKET_CONTENTS)); item = table->bucket_array[bucket]; } item->data = (char *)NULL; item->next = (BUCKET_CONTENTS *)NULL; item->key = string; table->nentries++; item->times_found = 0; } return (item); } /* Return the bucket_contents list of bucket BUCKET in TABLE. If TABLE doesn't have BUCKET buckets, return NULL. */ #undef get_hash_bucket BUCKET_CONTENTS * get_hash_bucket (bucket, table) int bucket; HASH_TABLE *table; { if (table && bucket < table->nbuckets) return (table->bucket_array[bucket]); else return (BUCKET_CONTENTS *)NULL; } #ifdef TEST_HASHING #undef NULL #include HASH_TABLE *table; #define NBUCKETS 107 char * xmalloc (bytes) int bytes; { char *result = (char *)malloc (bytes); if (!result) { fprintf (stderr, "Out of memory!"); abort (); } return (result); } main () { char string[256]; int count = 0; BUCKET_CONTENTS *tt; table = make_hash_table (NBUCKETS); for (;;) { char *temp_string; if (fgets (string, sizeof (string), stdin) == 0) break; if (!*string) break; temp_string = savestring (string); tt = add_hash_item (temp_string, table); if (tt->times_found) { fprintf (stderr, "You have already added item `%s'\n", string); free (temp_string); } else { count++; } } printf ("You have entered %d (%d) items. The distribution is:\n", table->nentries, count); /* Print out a count of how many strings hashed to each bucket, so we can see how even the distribution is. */ for (count = 0; count < table->nbuckets; count++) { int bcount; register BUCKET_CONTENTS *list = get_hash_bucket (count, table); printf ("slot %3d: ", count); bcount = 0; for (bcount = 0; list; list = list->next) bcount++; printf ("%d\n", bcount); } exit (0); } #endif /* TEST_HASHING */ /* * Local variables: * compile-command: "gcc -g -DTEST_HASHING -o hash hash.c" * end: */ bash-1.14.3/hash.h 644 436 0 4063 5554036032 11752 0ustar chetwheel/* hash.h -- the data structures used in hashing in Bash. */ /* Copyright (C) 1993 Free Software Foundation, Inc. This file is part of GNU Bash, the Bourne Again SHell. Bash is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option) any later version. Bash is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details. You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with Bash; see the file COPYING. If not, write to the Free Software Foundation, 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. */ #if !defined (_HASH_H_) #define _HASH_H_ typedef struct bucket_contents { struct bucket_contents *next; /* Link to next hashed key in this bucket. */ char *key; /* What we look up. */ char *data; /* What we really want. */ int times_found; /* Number of times this item has been found. */ } BUCKET_CONTENTS; typedef struct hash_table { BUCKET_CONTENTS **bucket_array; /* Where the data is kept. */ int nbuckets; /* How many buckets does this table have. */ int nentries; /* How many entries does this table have. */ } HASH_TABLE; extern int hash_string (); extern HASH_TABLE *make_hash_table (); extern BUCKET_CONTENTS *find_hash_item (); extern BUCKET_CONTENTS *remove_hash_item (); extern BUCKET_CONTENTS *add_hash_item (); extern BUCKET_CONTENTS *get_hash_bucket (); /* Redefine the function as a macro for speed. */ #define get_hash_bucket(bucket, table) \ ((table && (bucket < table->nbuckets)) ? \ table->bucket_array[bucket] : \ (BUCKET_CONTENTS *)NULL) /* Default number of buckets in the hash table. */ #define DEFAULT_HASH_BUCKETS 107 #if !defined (NULL) # if defined (__STDC__) # define NULL ((void *) 0) # else # define NULL 0x0 # endif /* !__STDC__ */ #endif /* !NULL */ #endif /* _HASH_H */ bash-1.14.3/input.c 644 436 0 26126 5622201246 12202 0ustar chetwheel/* input.c -- functions to perform buffered input with synchronization. */ /* Copyright (C) 1992 Free Software Foundation, Inc. This file is part of GNU Bash, the Bourne Again SHell. Bash is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option) any later version. Bash is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details. You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with Bash; see the file COPYING. If not, write to the Free Software Foundation, 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. */ /* similar to stdio, but input-only. */ #include "bashtypes.h" #include #include "filecntl.h" #include "posixstat.h" #include #include #include "bashansi.h" #include "config.h" #include "command.h" #include "general.h" #include "input.h" #if !defined (errno) extern int errno; #endif /* !errno */ #define MAX_INPUT_BUFFER_SIZE 8192 #if !defined (SEEK_CUR) # define SEEK_CUR 1 #endif /* !SEEK_CUR */ void free_buffered_stream (); extern int interactive_shell; int bash_input_fd_changed; /* This provides a way to map from a file descriptor to the buffer associated with that file descriptor, rather than just the other way around. This is needed so that buffers are managed properly in constructs like 3<&4. buffers[x]->b_fd == x -- that is how the correspondence is maintained. */ BUFFERED_STREAM **buffers = (BUFFERED_STREAM **)NULL; static int nbuffers = 0; #define max(a, b) (((a) > (b)) ? (a) : (b)) #define ALLOCATE_BUFFERS(n) \ do { if ((n) >= nbuffers) allocate_buffers (n); } while (0) /* Make sure `buffers' has at least N elements. */ static void allocate_buffers (n) int n; { register int i, orig_nbuffers; orig_nbuffers = nbuffers; nbuffers = n + 20; buffers = (BUFFERED_STREAM **)xrealloc (buffers, nbuffers * sizeof (BUFFERED_STREAM *)); /* Zero out the new buffers. */ for (i = orig_nbuffers; i < nbuffers; i++) buffers[i] = (BUFFERED_STREAM *)NULL; } /* Construct and return a BUFFERED_STREAM corresponding to file descriptor FD, using BUFFER. */ static BUFFERED_STREAM * make_buffered_stream (fd, buffer, bufsize) int fd; char *buffer; int bufsize; { BUFFERED_STREAM *bp; bp = (BUFFERED_STREAM *)xmalloc (sizeof (BUFFERED_STREAM)); ALLOCATE_BUFFERS (fd); buffers[fd] = bp; bp->b_fd = fd; bp->b_buffer = buffer; bp->b_size = bufsize; bp->b_used = 0; bp->b_inputp = 0; bp->b_flag = 0; if (bufsize == 1) bp->b_flag |= B_UNBUFF; return (bp); } /* Allocate a new BUFFERED_STREAM, copy BP to it, and return the new copy. */ static BUFFERED_STREAM * copy_buffered_stream (bp) BUFFERED_STREAM *bp; { BUFFERED_STREAM *nbp; if (!bp) return ((BUFFERED_STREAM *)NULL); nbp = (BUFFERED_STREAM *)xmalloc (sizeof (BUFFERED_STREAM)); xbcopy ((char *)bp, (char *)nbp, sizeof (BUFFERED_STREAM)); return (nbp); } /* Check that file descriptor FD is not the one that bash is currently using to read input from a script. FD is about to be duplicated onto, which means that the kernel will close it for us. If FD is the bash input file descriptor, we need to seek backwards in the script (if possible and necessary -- scripts read from stdin are still unbuffered), allocate a new file descriptor to use for bash input, and re-initialize the buffered stream. */ int check_bash_input (fd) int fd; { int nfd; if (fd > 0 && ((bash_input.type == st_bstream && bash_input.location.buffered_fd == fd) || (interactive_shell == 0 && default_buffered_input == fd))) { /* Sync the stream so we can re-read from the new file descriptor. We might be able to avoid this by copying the buffered stream verbatim to the new file descriptor. */ if (buffers[fd]) sync_buffered_stream (fd); /* Now take care of duplicating the file descriptor that bash is using for input, so we can reinitialize it later. */ nfd = fcntl (fd, F_DUPFD, 10); if (nfd == -1) { if (fcntl (fd, F_GETFD, 0) == 0) report_error ("cannot allocate new file descriptor for bash input from fd %d: %s", fd, strerror (errno)); return -1; } if (buffers[nfd]) { /* What's this? A stray buffer without an associated open file descriptor? Free up the buffer and report the error. */ report_error ("check_bash_input: buffer already exists for new fd %d", nfd); free_buffered_stream (buffers[nfd]); } /* Reinitialize bash_input.location. */ if (bash_input.type == st_bstream) { bash_input.location.buffered_fd = nfd; fd_to_buffered_stream (nfd); close_buffered_fd (fd); /* XXX */ } else /* If the current input type is not a buffered stream, but the shell is not interactive and therefore using a buffered stream to read input (e.g. with an `eval exec 3>output' inside a script), note that the input fd has been changed. pop_stream() looks at this value and adjusts the input fd to the new value of default_buffered_input accordingly. */ bash_input_fd_changed++; if (default_buffered_input == fd) default_buffered_input = nfd; } return 0; } /* This is the buffered stream analogue of dup2(fd1, fd2). The BUFFERED_STREAM corresponding to fd2 is deallocated, if one exists. BUFFERS[fd1] is copied to BUFFERS[fd2]. This is called by the redirect code for constructs like 4<&0 and 3b_fd = fd2; if (is_bash_input) { if (!buffers[fd2]) fd_to_buffered_stream (fd2); } return (fd2); } /* Return 1 if a seek on FD will succeed. */ #define fd_is_seekable(fd) (lseek ((fd), 0L, SEEK_CUR) >= 0) /* Take FD, a file descriptor, and create and return a buffered stream corresponding to it. If something is wrong and the file descriptor is invalid, return a NULL stream. */ BUFFERED_STREAM * fd_to_buffered_stream (fd) int fd; { char *buffer; int size; struct stat sb; if (fstat (fd, &sb) < 0) { close (fd); return ((BUFFERED_STREAM *)NULL); } if (fd_is_seekable (fd) == 0) size = 1; else size = (sb.st_size > MAX_INPUT_BUFFER_SIZE) ? MAX_INPUT_BUFFER_SIZE : sb.st_size; buffer = (char *)xmalloc (size); return (make_buffered_stream (fd, buffer, size)); } /* Return a buffered stream corresponding to FILE, a file name. */ BUFFERED_STREAM * open_buffered_stream (file) char *file; { int fd; fd = open (file, O_RDONLY); if (fd == -1) return ((BUFFERED_STREAM *)NULL); return (fd_to_buffered_stream (fd)); } /* Deallocate a buffered stream and free up its resources. Make sure we zero out the slot in BUFFERS that points to BP. */ void free_buffered_stream (bp) BUFFERED_STREAM *bp; { int n; if (!bp) return; n = bp->b_fd; if (bp->b_buffer) free (bp->b_buffer); free (bp); buffers[n] = (BUFFERED_STREAM *)NULL; } /* Close the file descriptor associated with BP, a buffered stream, and free up the stream. Return the status of closing BP's file descriptor. */ int close_buffered_stream (bp) BUFFERED_STREAM *bp; { int fd; if (!bp) return (0); fd = bp->b_fd; free_buffered_stream (bp); return (close (fd)); } /* Deallocate the buffered stream associated with file descriptor FD, and close FD. Return the status of the close on FD. */ int close_buffered_fd (fd) int fd; { if (fd >= nbuffers || !buffers || !buffers[fd]) return (close (fd)); return (close_buffered_stream (buffers[fd])); } /* Read a buffer full of characters from BP, a buffered stream. */ static int b_fill_buffer (bp) BUFFERED_STREAM *bp; { do { bp->b_used = read (bp->b_fd, bp->b_buffer, bp->b_size); } while (bp->b_used < 0 && errno == EINTR); if (bp->b_used <= 0) { bp->b_buffer[0] = 0; if (bp->b_used == 0) bp->b_flag |= B_EOF; else bp->b_flag |= B_ERROR; return (EOF); } bp->b_inputp = 0; return (bp->b_buffer[bp->b_inputp++] & 0xFF); } /* Get a character from buffered stream BP. */ #define bufstream_getc(bp) \ (bp->b_inputp == bp->b_used || !bp->b_used) \ ? b_fill_buffer (bp) \ : bp->b_buffer[bp->b_inputp++] & 0xFF /* Push C back onto buffered stream BP. */ static int bufstream_ungetc(c, bp) int c; BUFFERED_STREAM *bp; { if (c == EOF || bp->b_inputp == 0) return (EOF); bp->b_buffer[--bp->b_inputp] = c; return (c); } /* Seek backwards on file BFD to synchronize what we've read so far with the underlying file pointer. */ int sync_buffered_stream (bfd) int bfd; { BUFFERED_STREAM *bp; int chars_left; bp = buffers[bfd]; if (!bp) return (-1); chars_left = bp->b_used - bp->b_inputp; if (chars_left) lseek (bp->b_fd, -chars_left, SEEK_CUR); bp->b_used = bp->b_inputp = 0; return (0); } int buffered_getchar () { return (bufstream_getc (buffers[bash_input.location.buffered_fd])); } int buffered_ungetchar (c) int c; { return (bufstream_ungetc (c, buffers[bash_input.location.buffered_fd])); } /* Make input come from file descriptor BFD through a buffered stream. */ void with_input_from_buffered_stream (bfd, name) int bfd; char *name; { INPUT_STREAM location; location.buffered_fd = bfd; /* Make sure the buffered stream exists. */ fd_to_buffered_stream (bfd); init_yy_io (buffered_getchar, buffered_ungetchar, st_bstream, name, location); } #if defined (TEST) char * xmalloc(s) int s; { return ((char *)malloc (s)); } char * xrealloc(s, size) char *s; int size; { if (!s) return((char *)malloc (size)); else return((char *)realloc (s, size)); } void init_yy_io () { } process(bp) BUFFERED_STREAM *bp; { int c; while ((c = bufstream_getc(bp)) != EOF) putchar(c); } BASH_INPUT bash_input; struct stat dsb; /* can be used from gdb */ /* imitate /bin/cat */ main(argc, argv) int argc; char **argv; { register int i; BUFFERED_STREAM *bp; if (argc == 1) { bp = fd_to_buffered_stream (0); process(bp); exit(0); } for (i = 1; i < argc; i++) { if (argv[i][0] == '-' && argv[i][1] == '\0') { bp = fd_to_buffered_stream (0); if (!bp) continue; process(bp); free_buffered_stream (bp); } else { bp = open_buffered_stream (argv[i]); if (!bp) continue; process(bp); close_buffered_stream (bp); } } exit(0); } #endif bash-1.14.3/input.h 644 436 0 7023 5670673102 12171 0ustar chetwheel/* input.h -- Structures and unions used for reading input. */ /* Copyright (C) 1993 Free Software Foundation, Inc. This file is part of GNU Bash, the Bourne Again SHell. Bash is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option) any later version. Bash is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details. You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with Bash; see the file COPYING. If not, write to the Free Software Foundation, 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. */ #if !defined (_INPUT_H) #define _INPUT_H #include "stdc.h" /* Function pointers can be declared as (Function *)foo. */ #if !defined (__FUNCTION_DEF) # define __FUNCTION_DEF typedef int Function (); typedef void VFunction (); typedef char *CPFunction (); typedef char **CPPFunction (); #endif /* _FUNCTION_DEF */ /* Some stream `types'. */ #define st_none 0 #define st_stream 1 #define st_string 2 #define st_stdin 3 #if defined (BUFFERED_INPUT) #define st_bstream 4 /* Possible values for b_flag. */ #define B_EOF 0x1 #define B_ERROR 0x2 #define B_UNBUFF 0x4 /* A buffered stream. Like a FILE *, but with our own buffering and synchronization. Look in input.c for the implementation. */ typedef struct BSTREAM { int b_fd; char *b_buffer; /* The buffer that holds characters read. */ int b_size; /* How big the buffer is. */ int b_used; /* How much of the buffer we're using, */ int b_flag; /* Flag values. */ int b_inputp; /* The input pointer, index into b_buffer. */ } BUFFERED_STREAM; extern BUFFERED_STREAM **buffers; extern BUFFERED_STREAM *fd_to_buffered_stream (); extern int default_buffered_input; #endif /* BUFFERED_INPUT */ typedef union { FILE *file; char *string; #if defined (BUFFERED_INPUT) int buffered_fd; #endif } INPUT_STREAM; typedef struct { int type; char *name; INPUT_STREAM location; Function *getter; Function *ungetter; } BASH_INPUT; extern BASH_INPUT bash_input; /* Functions from parse.y. */ extern void initialize_bash_input __P((void)); extern void init_yy_io __P((Function *, Function *, int, char *, INPUT_STREAM)); extern void with_input_from_stdin __P((void)); extern void with_input_from_string __P((char *, char *)); extern void with_input_from_stream __P((FILE *, char *)); extern int push_stream __P((void)); extern int pop_stream __P((void)); extern char *read_secondary_line __P((int)); extern int find_reserved_word __P((char *)); extern char *decode_prompt_string __P((char *)); extern void gather_here_documents __P((void)); extern void execute_prompt_command __P((char *)); #if defined (BUFFERED_INPUT) /* Functions from input.c. */ extern int check_bash_input __P((int)); extern int duplicate_buffered_stream __P((int, int)); extern BUFFERED_STREAM *fd_to_buffered_stream __P((int)); extern BUFFERED_STREAM *open_buffered_stream __P((char *)); extern void free_buffered_stream __P((BUFFERED_STREAM *)); extern int close_buffered_stream __P((BUFFERED_STREAM *)); extern int close_buffered_fd __P((int)); extern int sync_buffered_stream __P((int)); extern int buffered_getchar __P((void)); extern int buffered_ungetchar __P((int)); extern void with_input_from_buffered_stream __P((int, char *)); #endif /* BUFFERED_INPUT */ #endif /* _INPUT_H */ bash-1.14.3/jobs.c 644 436 0 203435 5676644224 12040 0ustar chetwheel/* The thing that makes children, remembers them, and contains wait loops. */ /* This file works with both POSIX and BSD systems. */ /* Copyright (C) 1989, 1992 Free Software Foundation, Inc. This file is part of GNU Bash, the Bourne Again SHell. Bash is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 1, or (at your option) any later version. Bash is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details. You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with Bash; see the file COPYING. If not, write to the Free Software Foundation, 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. */ /* Something that can be ignored. */ #define IGNORE_ARG (char *)0 #include "config.h" #if !defined (JOB_CONTROL) #include "nojobs.c" #else /* JOB_CONTROL */ #include "bashtypes.h" #include "trap.h" #include #include #include #if !defined (USG) || defined (HAVE_RESOURCE) #include #endif /* USG */ #if !defined (_POSIX_VERSION) # if defined (HAVE_RESOURCE) # include # endif #endif /* _POSIX_VERSION */ #include #include "filecntl.h" #include #include #if defined (BUFFERED_INPUT) # include "input.h" #endif /* Terminal handling stuff, to save and restore tty state. */ #define NEW_TTY_DRIVER /* Define this if your output is getting swallowed. It's a no-op on machines with the termio or termios tty drivers. */ /* #define DRAIN_OUTPUT */ #if defined (_POSIX_VERSION) && !defined (TERMIOS_MISSING) # undef NEW_TTY_DRIVER # define TERMIOS_TTY_DRIVER # if defined (sun) && !defined (_POSIX_SOURCE) /* XXX - SunOS4, SunOS5? */ # define _POSIX_SOURCE # endif #else /* !_POSIX_VERSION */ # if defined (USG) || defined (hpux) || defined (Xenix) || defined (sgi) # undef NEW_TTY_DRIVER # define TERMIO_TTY_DRIVER # endif /* USG | hpux | Xenix | sgi */ #endif /* !_POSIX_VERSION */ /* Include the right header file for the specific type of terminal handler installed on this system. */ #if defined (NEW_TTY_DRIVER) #include #endif #if defined (TERMIO_TTY_DRIVER) #include #endif #if defined (TERMIOS_TTY_DRIVER) /* For Sun workstations we undefine a couple of defines so that the inclusion of termios.h won't cause complaints. */ # if defined (SunOS4) # undef ECHO # undef NOFLSH # undef TOSTOP # endif /* SunOS4 */ # include #endif /* TERMIOS_TTY_DRIVER */ /* For the TIOCGPGRP and TIOCSPGRP ioctl parameters on HP-UX */ #if defined (hpux) && !defined (TERMIOS_TTY_DRIVER) # include #endif /* hpux && !TERMIOS_TTY_DRIVER */ #include "bashansi.h" #include "shell.h" #include "jobs.h" #include "builtins/builtext.h" #include "builtins/common.h" /* Not all systems declare errno in errno.h... and some systems #define it! */ #if !defined (errno) extern int errno; #endif /* !errno */ /* Variables used here but defined in other files. */ extern int interactive, interactive_shell, asynchronous_notification; extern int subshell_environment; extern int posixly_correct, no_symbolic_links, shell_level; extern int interrupt_immediately, last_command_exit_value; extern int loop_level, breaking; extern Function *this_shell_builtin; extern char *shell_name, *this_command_name; extern sigset_t top_level_mask; /* The array of known jobs. */ JOB **jobs = (JOB **)NULL; /* The number of slots currently allocated to JOBS. */ int job_slots = 0; /* The number of additional slots to allocate when we run out. */ #define JOB_SLOTS 5 /* The controlling tty for this shell. */ int shell_tty = -1; /* The shell's process group. */ pid_t shell_pgrp = NO_PID; /* The terminal's process group. */ pid_t terminal_pgrp = NO_PID; /* The process group of the shell's parent. */ pid_t original_pgrp = NO_PID; /* The process group of the pipeline currently being made. */ pid_t pipeline_pgrp = (pid_t)0; #if defined (PGRP_PIPE) /* Pipes which each shell uses to communicate with the process group leader until all of the processes in a pipeline have been started. Then the process leader is allowed to continue. */ int pgrp_pipe[2] = { -1, -1 }; #endif /* The job which is current; i.e. the one that `%+' stands for. */ int current_job = NO_JOB; /* The previous job; i.e. the one that `%-' stands for. */ int previous_job = NO_JOB; /* Last child made by the shell. */ pid_t last_made_pid = NO_PID; /* Pid of the last asynchronous child. */ pid_t last_asynchronous_pid = NO_PID; /* The pipeline currently being built. */ PROCESS *the_pipeline = (PROCESS *)NULL; /* If this is non-zero, do job control. */ int job_control = 1; /* Call this when you start making children. */ int already_making_children = 0; /* Functions local to this file. */ static sighandler flush_child (); static PROCESS *find_pipeline (); static char *current_working_directory (); static char *job_working_directory (); static pid_t last_pid (); static int set_new_line_discipline (), map_over_jobs (), last_running_job (); static int most_recent_job_in_state (), last_stopped_job (), find_job (); static void notify_of_job_status (), cleanup_dead_jobs (), discard_pipeline (); static void add_process (), set_current_job (), reset_current (); static void pretty_print_job (); static void mark_dead_jobs_as_notified (); #if defined (PGRP_PIPE) static void pipe_read (), pipe_close (); #endif /* Set this to non-zero whenever you don't want the jobs list to change at all: no jobs deleted and no status change notifications. This is used, for example, when executing SIGCHLD traps, which may run arbitrary commands. */ static int freeze_jobs_list; #if !defined (_POSIX_VERSION) /* These are definitions to map POSIX 1003.1 functions onto existing BSD library functions and system calls. */ #define setpgid(pid, pgrp) setpgrp (pid, pgrp) #define tcsetpgrp(fd, pgrp) ioctl ((fd), TIOCSPGRP, &(pgrp)) pid_t tcgetpgrp (fd) int fd; { pid_t pgrp; /* ioctl will handle setting errno correctly. */ if (ioctl (fd, TIOCGPGRP, &pgrp) < 0) return (-1); return (pgrp); } /* Perform OPERATION on NEWSET, perhaps leaving information in OLDSET. */ sigprocmask (operation, newset, oldset) int operation, *newset, *oldset; { int old, new; if (newset) new = *newset; else new = 0; switch (operation) { case SIG_BLOCK: old = sigblock (new); break; case SIG_SETMASK: sigsetmask (new); break; default: internal_error ("Bad code in jobs.c: sigprocmask"); } if (oldset) *oldset = old; } #endif /* !_POSIX_VERSION */ /* Return the working directory for the current process. Unlike job_working_directory, this does not call malloc (), nor do any of the functions it calls. This is so that it can safely be called from a signal handler. */ static char * current_working_directory () { char *dir; static char d[MAXPATHLEN]; dir = get_string_value ("PWD"); if (!dir && the_current_working_directory && no_symbolic_links) dir = the_current_working_directory; if (!dir) { dir = getwd (d); if (dir) dir = d; } if (!dir) return (""); else return (dir); } /* Return the working directory for the current process. */ static char * job_working_directory () { char *dir; dir = get_string_value ("PWD"); if (dir) return (savestring (dir)); dir = get_working_directory ("job-working-directory"); if (dir) return (dir); return (savestring ("")); } void making_children () { if (already_making_children) return; already_making_children = 1; start_pipeline (); } void stop_making_children () { already_making_children = 0; } void cleanup_the_pipeline () { if (the_pipeline) { discard_pipeline (the_pipeline); the_pipeline = (PROCESS *)NULL; } } /* Start building a pipeline. */ void start_pipeline () { if (the_pipeline) { discard_pipeline (the_pipeline); the_pipeline = (PROCESS *)NULL; pipeline_pgrp = 0; #if defined (PGRP_PIPE) pipe_close (pgrp_pipe); #endif } #if defined (PGRP_PIPE) if (job_control) { if (pipe (pgrp_pipe) == -1) internal_error ("start_pipeline: pgrp pipe"); } #endif } /* Stop building a pipeline. Install the process list in the job array. This returns the index of the newly installed job. DEFERRED is a command structure to be executed upon satisfactory execution exit of this pipeline. */ int stop_pipeline (async, deferred) int async; COMMAND *deferred; { register int i, j; JOB *newjob = (JOB *)NULL; sigset_t set, oset; BLOCK_CHILD (set, oset); #if defined (PGRP_PIPE) /* The parent closes the process group synchronization pipe. */ pipe_close (pgrp_pipe); #endif cleanup_dead_jobs (); if (!job_slots) { jobs = (JOB **)xmalloc ((job_slots = JOB_SLOTS) * sizeof (JOB *)); /* Now blank out these new entries. */ for (i = 0; i < job_slots; i++) jobs[i] = (JOB *)NULL; } /* Scan from the last slot backward, looking for the next free one. */ if (interactive) { for (i = job_slots; i; i--) if (jobs[i - 1]) break; } else { /* If we're not interactive, we don't need to monotonically increase the job number (in fact, we don't care about the job number at all), so we can simply scan for the first free slot. This helps to keep us from continuously reallocating the jobs array when running certain kinds of shell loops, and saves time spent searching. */ for (i = 0; i < job_slots; i++) if (!jobs[i]) break; } /* Do we need more room? */ if (i == job_slots) { job_slots += JOB_SLOTS; jobs = (JOB **)xrealloc (jobs, ((1 + job_slots) * sizeof (JOB *))); for (j = i; j < job_slots; j++) jobs[j] = (JOB *)NULL; } /* Add the current pipeline to the job list. */ if (the_pipeline) { register PROCESS *p; newjob = (JOB *)xmalloc (sizeof (JOB)); for (p = the_pipeline; p->next != the_pipeline; p = p->next); p->next = (PROCESS *)NULL; newjob->pipe = REVERSE_LIST (the_pipeline, PROCESS *); for (p = newjob->pipe; p->next; p = p->next); p->next = newjob->pipe; the_pipeline = (PROCESS *)NULL; newjob->pgrp = pipeline_pgrp; pipeline_pgrp = 0; newjob->flags = 0; /* Flag to see if in another pgrp. */ if (job_control) newjob->flags |= J_JOBCONTROL; /* Set the state of this pipeline. */ { register PROCESS *p = newjob->pipe; register int any_alive = 0; register int any_stopped = 0; do { any_alive |= p->running; any_stopped |= WIFSTOPPED (p->status); p = p->next; } while (p != newjob->pipe); if (any_alive) { newjob->state = JRUNNING; } else { if (any_stopped) newjob->state = JSTOPPED; else newjob->state = JDEAD; } } newjob->wd = job_working_directory (); newjob->deferred = deferred; jobs[i] = newjob; } if (async) { if (newjob) newjob->flags &= ~J_FOREGROUND; reset_current (); } else { if (newjob) { newjob->flags |= J_FOREGROUND; /* * !!!!! NOTE !!!!! (chet@ins.cwru.edu) * * The currently-accepted job control wisdom says to set the * terminal's process group n+1 times in an n-step pipeline: * once in the parent and once in each child. This is where * the parent gives it away. * */ if (job_control && newjob->pgrp) give_terminal_to (newjob->pgrp); } } stop_making_children (); UNBLOCK_CHILD (oset); return (current_job); } /* Delete all DEAD jobs that the user had received notification about. */ static void cleanup_dead_jobs () { register int i; sigset_t set, oset; if (!job_slots || freeze_jobs_list) return; BLOCK_CHILD (set, oset); for (i = 0; i < job_slots; i++) if (jobs[i] && JOBSTATE (i) == JDEAD && (jobs[i]->flags & J_NOTIFIED)) delete_job (i); UNBLOCK_CHILD (oset); } /* Delete the job at INDEX from the job list. Must be called with SIGCHLD blocked. */ void delete_job (job_index) int job_index; { register JOB *temp; if (freeze_jobs_list) return; temp = jobs[job_index]; if (job_index == current_job || job_index == previous_job) reset_current (); jobs[job_index] = (JOB *)NULL; free (temp->wd); discard_pipeline (temp->pipe); if (temp->deferred) dispose_command (temp->deferred); free (temp); } /* Get rid of the data structure associated with a process chain. */ static void discard_pipeline (chain) register PROCESS *chain; { register PROCESS *this, *next; this = chain; do { next = this->next; if (this->command) free (this->command); free (this); this = next; } while (this != chain); } /* Add this process to the chain being built in the_pipeline. NAME is the command string that will be exec'ed later. PID is the process id of the child. */ static void add_process (name, pid) char *name; pid_t pid; { PROCESS *t = (PROCESS *)xmalloc (sizeof (PROCESS)); t->next = the_pipeline; t->pid = pid; WSTATUS (t->status) = 0; t->running = 1; t->command = name; the_pipeline = t; if (!(t->next)) t->next = t; else { register PROCESS *p = t->next; while (p->next != t->next) p = p->next; p->next = t; } } #if 0 /* Take the last job and make it the first job. Must be called with SIGCHLD blocked. */ rotate_the_pipeline () { PROCESS *p; if (the_pipeline->next == the_pipeline) return; for (p = the_pipeline; p->next != the_pipeline; p = p->next) ; the_pipeline = p; } /* Reverse the order of the processes in the_pipeline. Must be called with SIGCHLD blocked. */ reverse_the_pipeline () { PROCESS *p, *n; if (the_pipeline->next == the_pipeline) return; for (p = the_pipeline; p->next != the_pipeline; p = p->next) ; p->next = (PROCESS *)NULL; n = REVERSE_LIST (the_pipeline, PROCESS *); the_pipeline = n; for (p = the_pipeline; p->next; p = p->next) ; p->next = the_pipeline; } #endif /* Map FUNC over the list of jobs. If FUNC returns non-zero, then it is time to stop mapping, and that is the return value for map_over_jobs. FUNC is called with a JOB, arg1, arg2, and INDEX. */ static int map_over_jobs (func, arg1, arg2) Function *func; int arg1, arg2; { register int i; int result; sigset_t set, oset; BLOCK_CHILD (set, oset); result = 0; for (i = 0; i < job_slots; i++) { if (jobs[i]) { result = (*func)(jobs[i], arg1, arg2, i); if (result) break; } } UNBLOCK_CHILD (oset); return (result); } /* Cause all the jobs in the current pipeline to exit. */ void terminate_current_pipeline () { if (pipeline_pgrp && pipeline_pgrp != shell_pgrp) { killpg (pipeline_pgrp, SIGTERM); killpg (pipeline_pgrp, SIGCONT); } } /* Cause all stopped jobs to exit. */ void terminate_stopped_jobs () { register int i; for (i = 0; i < job_slots; i++) { if (jobs[i] && (JOBSTATE (i) == JSTOPPED)) { killpg (jobs[i]->pgrp, SIGTERM); killpg (jobs[i]->pgrp, SIGCONT); } } } /* Cause all jobs, running or stopped, to receive a hangup signal. */ void hangup_all_jobs () { register int i; for (i = 0; i < job_slots; i++) { if (jobs[i]) { killpg (jobs[i]->pgrp, SIGHUP); if (JOBSTATE (i) == JSTOPPED) killpg (jobs[i]->pgrp, SIGCONT); } } } void kill_current_pipeline () { stop_making_children (); start_pipeline (); } /* Return the pipeline that PID belongs to. Note that the pipeline doesn't have to belong to a job. Must be called with SIGCHLD blocked. */ static PROCESS * find_pipeline (pid) pid_t pid; { int job; /* See if this process is in the pipeline that we are building. */ if (the_pipeline) { register PROCESS *p = the_pipeline; do { /* Return it if we found it. */ if (p->pid == pid) return (p); p = p->next; } while (p != the_pipeline); } job = find_job (pid); if (job == NO_JOB) return ((PROCESS *)NULL); else return (jobs[job]->pipe); } /* Return the job index that PID belongs to, or NO_JOB if it doesn't belong to any job. Must be called with SIGCHLD blocked. */ static int find_job (pid) pid_t pid; { register int i; register PROCESS *p; for (i = 0; i < job_slots; i++) { if (jobs[i]) { p = jobs[i]->pipe; do { if (p->pid == pid) return (i); p = p->next; } while (p != jobs[i]->pipe); } } return (NO_JOB); } /* Print descriptive information about the job with leader pid PID. */ void describe_pid (pid) pid_t pid; { int job; sigset_t set, oset; BLOCK_CHILD (set, oset); job = find_job (pid); if (job != NO_JOB) printf ("[%d] %d\n", job + 1, pid); else programming_error ("describe_pid: No such pid (%d)!\n", pid); UNBLOCK_CHILD (oset); } /* This is the way to print out information on a job if you know the index. FORMAT is: JLIST_NORMAL) [1]+ Running emacs JLIST_LONG ) [1]+ 2378 Running emacs -1 ) [1]+ 2378 emacs JLIST_NORMAL) [1]+ Stopped ls | more JLIST_LONG ) [1]+ 2369 Stopped ls 2367 | more JLIST_PID_ONLY) Just list the pid of the process group leader (really the process group). JLIST_CHANGED_ONLY) Use format JLIST_NORMAL, but list only jobs about which the user has not been notified. */ static void pretty_print_job (job_index, format, stream) int job_index, format; FILE *stream; { register PROCESS *p, *first, *last; int name_padding; char retcode_name_buffer[20]; sigset_t set, oset; BLOCK_CHILD (set, oset); /* Format only pid information about the process group leader? */ if (format == JLIST_PID_ONLY) { fprintf (stream, "%d\n", jobs[job_index]->pipe->pid); UNBLOCK_CHILD (oset); return; } if (format == JLIST_CHANGED_ONLY) { if (jobs[job_index]->flags & J_NOTIFIED) { UNBLOCK_CHILD (oset); return; } format = JLIST_STANDARD; } fprintf (stream, "[%d]%c ", job_index + 1, (job_index == current_job) ? '+': (job_index == previous_job) ? '-' : ' '); first = last = p = jobs[job_index]->pipe; while (last->next != first) last = last->next; /* We have printed information about this job. When the job's status changes, flush_child () sets the notification flag to 0. */ jobs[job_index]->flags |= J_NOTIFIED; for (;;) { if (p != first) fprintf (stream, format ? " " : " |"); if (format) fprintf (stream, "%5d", p->pid); fprintf (stream, " "); if (format > -1) { PROCESS *show = format ? p : last; char *temp = "Done"; if (JOBSTATE (job_index) == JSTOPPED && !format) temp = "Stopped"; if (JOBSTATE (job_index) == JRUNNING) temp = "Running"; else { if (WIFSTOPPED (show->status)) temp = strsignal (WSTOPSIG (show->status)); else if (WIFSIGNALED (show->status)) temp = strsignal (WTERMSIG (show->status)); else if (WIFEXITED (show->status)) { int exit_status; temp = retcode_name_buffer; exit_status = WEXITSTATUS (show->status); if (!exit_status) strcpy (temp, "Done"); else if (posixly_correct) sprintf (temp, "Done(%d)", exit_status); else sprintf (temp, "Exit %d", exit_status); } else temp = "Unknown status"; } if (p != first) { if (format) { if (show->running == first->running && WSTATUS (show->status) == WSTATUS (first->status)) temp = ""; } else temp = (char *)NULL; } if (temp) { int templ = strlen (temp); fprintf (stream, "%s", temp); if (templ) name_padding = LONGEST_SIGNAL_DESC - templ; else name_padding = LONGEST_SIGNAL_DESC - 2; /* strlen ("| ") */ fprintf (stream, "%*s", name_padding, ""); if ((WIFSTOPPED (show->status) == 0) && (WIFCORED (show->status))) fprintf (stream, "(core dumped) "); } } if (p != first && format) fprintf (stream, "| "); if (p->command) fprintf (stream, "%s", p->command); if (p == last) { char *wd = current_working_directory (); if (JOBSTATE (job_index) == JRUNNING && !(jobs[job_index]->flags & J_FOREGROUND)) fprintf (stream, " &"); if (strcmp (wd, jobs[job_index]->wd) != 0) fprintf (stream, " (wd: %s)", polite_directory_format (jobs[job_index]->wd)); } if (format || (p == last)) fprintf (stream, "\r\n"); if (p == last) break; p = p->next; } fflush (stream); UNBLOCK_CHILD (oset); } int list_one_job (job, format, ignore, job_index) JOB *job; int format, ignore, job_index; { pretty_print_job (job_index, format, stdout); return (0); } /* List jobs. If FORMAT is non-zero, then the long form of the information is printed, else just a short version. */ void list_jobs (format) int format; { cleanup_dead_jobs (); map_over_jobs (list_one_job, format, (int)IGNORE_ARG); } /* Fork, handling errors. Returns the pid of the newly made child, or 0. COMMAND is just for remembering the name of the command; we don't do anything else with it. ASYNC_P says what to do with the tty. If non-zero, then don't give it away. */ pid_t make_child (command, async_p) char *command; int async_p; { sigset_t set, oset; pid_t pid; sigemptyset (&set); sigaddset (&set, SIGCHLD); sigaddset (&set, SIGINT); sigemptyset (&oset); sigprocmask (SIG_BLOCK, &set, &oset); making_children (); #if defined (BUFFERED_INPUT) /* If default_buffered_input is active, we are reading a script. If the command is asynchronous, we have already duplicated /dev/null as fd 0, but have not changed the buffered stream corresponding to the old fd 0. We don't want to sync the stream in this case. */ if (default_buffered_input != -1 && (!async_p || default_buffered_input > 0)) sync_buffered_stream (default_buffered_input); #endif /* BUFFERED_INPUT */ /* Create the child, handle severe errors. */ if ((pid = fork ()) < 0) { internal_error ("fork: %s", strerror (errno)); /* Kill all of the processes in the current pipeline. */ terminate_current_pipeline (); /* Discard the current pipeline, if any. */ if (the_pipeline) kill_current_pipeline (); throw_to_top_level (); /* Reset signals, etc. */ } if (pid == 0) { /* In the child. Give this child the right process group, set the signals to the default state for a new process. */ pid_t mine = getpid (); #if defined (BUFFERED_INPUT) /* Close default_buffered_input if it's > 0. We don't close it if it's 0 because that's the file descriptor used when redirecting input, and it's wrong to close the file in that case. */ if (default_buffered_input > 0) { close_buffered_fd (default_buffered_input); default_buffered_input = bash_input.location.buffered_fd = -1; } #endif /* BUFFERED_INPUT */ /* Restore top-level signal mask. */ sigprocmask (SIG_SETMASK, &top_level_mask, (sigset_t *)NULL); if (job_control) { /* All processes in this pipeline belong in the same process group. */ if (!pipeline_pgrp) /* Then this is the first child. */ pipeline_pgrp = mine; /* Check for running command in backquotes. */ if (pipeline_pgrp == shell_pgrp) { signal (SIGTSTP, SIG_IGN); signal (SIGTTOU, SIG_IGN); signal (SIGTTIN, SIG_IGN); } else { signal (SIGTSTP, SIG_DFL); signal (SIGTTOU, SIG_DFL); signal (SIGTTIN, SIG_DFL); } /* Set the process group before trying to mess with the terminal's process group. This is mandated by POSIX. */ /* This is in accordance with the Posix 1003.1 standard, section B.7.2.4, which says that trying to set the terminal process group with tcsetpgrp() to an unused pgrp value (like this would have for the first child) is an error. Section B.4.3.3, p. 237 also covers this, in the context of job control shells. */ if (setpgid (mine, pipeline_pgrp) < 0) internal_error ("child setpgid (%d to %d) error %d: %s\n", mine, pipeline_pgrp, errno, strerror (errno)); #if defined (PGRP_PIPE) if (pipeline_pgrp == mine) { #endif if (!async_p) give_terminal_to (pipeline_pgrp); #if defined (PGRP_PIPE) pipe_read (pgrp_pipe); } #endif } else /* Without job control... */ { if (!pipeline_pgrp) pipeline_pgrp = shell_pgrp; /* If these signals are set to SIG_DFL, we encounter the curious situation of an interactive ^Z to a running process *working* and stopping the process, but being unable to do anything with that process to change its state. On the other hand, if they are set to SIG_IGN, jobs started from scripts do not stop when the shell running the script gets a SIGTSTP and stops. */ signal (SIGTSTP, SIG_DFL); signal (SIGTTOU, SIG_DFL); signal (SIGTTIN, SIG_DFL); } #if defined (PGRP_PIPE) /* Release the process group pipe, since our call to setpgid () is done. The last call to pipe_close is done in stop_pipeline. */ pipe_close (pgrp_pipe); #endif /* PGRP_PIPE */ if (async_p) last_asynchronous_pid = getpid (); } else { /* In the parent. Remember the pid of the child just created as the proper pgrp if this is the first child. */ if (job_control) { if (!pipeline_pgrp) { pipeline_pgrp = pid; /* Don't twiddle terminal pgrps in the parent! This is the bug, not the good thing of twiddling them in the child! */ /* give_terminal_to (pipeline_pgrp); */ } /* This is done on the recommendation of the Rationale section of the POSIX 1003.1 standard, where it discusses job control and shells. It is done to avoid possible race conditions. (Ref. 1003.1 Rationale, section B.4.3.3, page 236). */ setpgid (pid, pipeline_pgrp); } else { if (!pipeline_pgrp) pipeline_pgrp = shell_pgrp; } /* Place all processes into the jobs array regardless of the state of job_control. */ add_process (command, pid); if (async_p) last_asynchronous_pid = pid; last_made_pid = pid; /* Unblock SIGINT and SIGCHLD. */ sigprocmask (SIG_SETMASK, &oset, (sigset_t *)NULL); } return (pid); } /* When we end a job abnormally, or if we stop a job, we set the tty to the state kept in here. When a job ends normally, we set the state in here to the state of the tty. */ #if defined (NEW_TTY_DRIVER) static struct sgttyb shell_tty_info; static struct tchars shell_tchars; static struct ltchars shell_ltchars; #endif /* NEW_TTY_DRIVER */ #if defined (TERMIO_TTY_DRIVER) static struct termio shell_tty_info; #endif /* TERMIO_TTY_DRIVER */ #if defined (TERMIOS_TTY_DRIVER) static struct termios shell_tty_info; #endif /* TERMIOS_TTY_DRIVER */ #if defined (NEW_TTY_DRIVER) && defined (DRAIN_OUTPUT) /* Since the BSD tty driver does not allow us to change the tty modes while simultaneously waiting for output to drain and preserving typeahead, we have to drain the output ourselves before calling ioctl. We cheat by finding the length of the output queue, and using select to wait for an appropriate length of time. This is a hack, and should be labeled as such (it's a hastily-adapted mutation of a `usleep' implementation). It's only reason for existing is the flaw in the BSD tty driver. */ static int ttspeeds[] = { 0, 50, 75, 110, 134, 150, 200, 300, 600, 1200, 1800, 2400, 4800, 9600, 19200, 38400 }; static void draino (fd, ospeed) int fd, ospeed; { register int delay = ttspeeds[ospeed]; int n; if (!delay) return; while ((ioctl (fd, TIOCOUTQ, &n) == 0) && n) { if (n > (delay / 100)) { struct timeval tv; n *= 10; /* 2 bits more for conservativeness. */ tv.tv_sec = n / delay; tv.tv_usec = ((n % delay) * 1000000) / delay; select (fd, (fd_set *)0, (fd_set *)0, (fd_set *)0, &tv); } else break; } } #endif /* NEW_TTY_DRIVER && DRAIN_OUTPUT */ /* Return the fd from which we are actually getting input. */ #define input_tty() (shell_tty != -1) ? shell_tty : fileno (stderr) /* Fill the contents of shell_tty_info with the current tty info. */ get_tty_state () { int tty = input_tty (); if (tty != -1) { #if defined (NEW_TTY_DRIVER) ioctl (tty, TIOCGETP, &shell_tty_info); ioctl (tty, TIOCGETC, &shell_tchars); ioctl (tty, TIOCGLTC, &shell_ltchars); #endif /* NEW_TTY_DRIVER */ #if defined (TERMIO_TTY_DRIVER) ioctl (tty, TCGETA, &shell_tty_info); #endif /* TERMIO_TTY_DRIVER */ #if defined (TERMIOS_TTY_DRIVER) if (tcgetattr (tty, &shell_tty_info) < 0) { #if 0 /* Only print an error message if we're really interactive at this time. */ if (interactive) internal_error ("[%d: %d] tcgetattr: %s", getpid (), shell_level, strerror (errno)); #endif return -1; } #endif /* TERMIOS_TTY_DRIVER */ } return 0; } /* Make the current tty use the state in shell_tty_info. */ set_tty_state () { int tty = input_tty (); if (tty != -1) { #if defined (NEW_TTY_DRIVER) # if defined (DRAIN_OUTPUT) draino (tty, shell_tty_info.sg_ospeed); # endif /* DRAIN_OUTPUT */ ioctl (tty, TIOCSETN, &shell_tty_info); ioctl (tty, TIOCSETC, &shell_tchars); ioctl (tty, TIOCSLTC, &shell_ltchars); #endif /* NEW_TTY_DRIVER */ #if defined (TERMIO_TTY_DRIVER) ioctl (tty, TCSETAW, &shell_tty_info); #endif /* TERMIO_TTY_DRIVER */ #if defined (TERMIOS_TTY_DRIVER) if (tcsetattr (tty, TCSADRAIN, &shell_tty_info) < 0) { /* Only print an error message if we're really interactive at this time. */ if (interactive) internal_error ("[%d: %d] tcsetattr: %s", getpid (), shell_level, strerror (errno)); return -1; } #endif /* TERMIOS_TTY_DRIVER */ } return 0; } /* Given an index into the jobs array JOB, return the pid of the last process in that job's pipeline. This is the one whose exit status counts. */ static pid_t last_pid (job) int job; { register PROCESS *p; sigset_t set, oset; BLOCK_CHILD (set, oset); p = jobs[job]->pipe; while (p->next != jobs[job]->pipe) p = p->next; UNBLOCK_CHILD (oset); return (p->pid); } /* Wait for a particular child of the shell to finish executing. This low-level function prints an error message if PID is not a child of this shell. It returns -1 if it fails, or 0 if not. */ int wait_for_single_pid (pid) pid_t pid; { register PROCESS *child; { sigset_t set, oset; BLOCK_CHILD (set, oset); child = find_pipeline (pid); UNBLOCK_CHILD (oset); } if (!child) { report_error ("wait: pid %d is not a child of this shell", pid); return (127); } return (wait_for (pid)); } /* Wait for all of the backgrounds of this shell to finish. */ void wait_for_background_pids () { while (1) { register int i, count = 0; sigset_t set, oset; BLOCK_CHILD (set, oset); for (i = 0; i < job_slots; i++) if (jobs[i] && (JOBSTATE (i) == JRUNNING) && (jobs[i]->flags & J_FOREGROUND) == 0) { count++; break; } if (!count) { UNBLOCK_CHILD (oset); break; } for (i = 0; i < job_slots; i++) if (jobs[i] && (JOBSTATE (i) == JRUNNING) && (jobs[i]->flags & J_FOREGROUND) == 0) { pid_t pid = last_pid (i); UNBLOCK_CHILD (oset); QUIT; wait_for_single_pid (pid); break; } } } /* Make OLD_SIGINT_HANDLER the SIGINT signal handler. */ #define INVALID_SIGNAL_HANDLER (SigHandler *)wait_for_background_pids static SigHandler *old_sigint_handler = INVALID_SIGNAL_HANDLER; static void restore_sigint_handler () { if (old_sigint_handler != INVALID_SIGNAL_HANDLER) { set_signal_handler (SIGINT, old_sigint_handler); old_sigint_handler = INVALID_SIGNAL_HANDLER; } } static int wait_sigint_received = 0; /* Handle SIGINT while we are waiting for children in a script to exit. The `wait' builtin should be interruptible, but all others should be effectively ignored (i.e. not cause the shell to exit). */ static sighandler wait_sigint_handler (sig) int sig; { if (interrupt_immediately || (this_shell_builtin && this_shell_builtin == wait_builtin)) { last_command_exit_value = EXECUTION_FAILURE; restore_sigint_handler (); interrupt_state++; QUIT; } wait_sigint_received = 1; /* XXX - should this be interrupt_state? */ /* Otherwise effectively ignore the SIGINT and allow the running job to be killed. */ #if !defined (VOID_SIGHANDLER) return (0); #endif /* !VOID_SIGHANDLER */ } static int process_exit_status (status) WAIT status; { if (WIFSIGNALED (status)) return (128 + WTERMSIG (status)); else if (!WIFSTOPPED (status)) return (WEXITSTATUS (status)); else return (EXECUTION_SUCCESS); } /* Wait for pid (one of our children) to terminate, then return the termination state. */ int wait_for (pid) pid_t pid; { int job, termination_state; register PROCESS *child; sigset_t set, oset; /* In the case that this code is interrupted, and we longjmp () out of it, we are relying on the code in throw_to_top_level () to restore the top-level signal mask. */ BLOCK_CHILD (set, oset); /* Ignore interrupts while waiting for a job run without job control to finish. We don't want the shell to exit if an interrupt is received, only if one of the jobs run is killed via SIGINT. If job control is not set, the job will be run in the same pgrp as the shell, and the shell will see any signals the job gets. */ /* This is possibly a race condition -- should it go in stop_pipeline? */ wait_sigint_received = 0; if (!job_control) old_sigint_handler = set_signal_handler (SIGINT, wait_sigint_handler); termination_state = last_command_exit_value; /* If we say wait_for (), then we have a record of this child somewhere. If this child and all of its peers are not running, then don't sigpause (), since there is no need to. */ wait_loop: /* If the shell is interactive, and job control is disabled, see if the foreground process has died due to SIGINT and jump out of the wait loop if it has. flush_child has already restored the old SIGINT signal handler. */ if (interactive && !job_control) QUIT; child = find_pipeline (pid); if (!child) { give_terminal_to (shell_pgrp); UNBLOCK_CHILD (oset); programming_error ("wait_for: No record of pid %d", pid); } /* If this child is part of a job, then we are really waiting for the job to finish. Otherwise, we are waiting for the child to finish. */ job = find_job (pid); if (job != NO_JOB) { register int job_state = 0, any_stopped = 0; register PROCESS *p = jobs[job]->pipe; do { job_state |= p->running; if (!p->running) any_stopped |= WIFSTOPPED (p->status); p = p->next; } while (p != jobs[job]->pipe); if (job_state == 0) { if (any_stopped) jobs[job]->state = JSTOPPED; else jobs[job]->state = JDEAD; } } /* XXX - the linux people say to check for JOBSTATE (job) == JSTOPPED */ if (child->running || ((job != NO_JOB) && (JOBSTATE (job) == JRUNNING))) { #if defined (_POSIX_VERSION) struct sigaction act, oact; act.sa_handler = SIG_DFL; sigemptyset (&act.sa_mask); act.sa_flags = 0; sigaction (SIGCHLD, &act, &oact); #else SigHandler *ihandler; ihandler = set_signal_handler (SIGCHLD, SIG_DFL); #endif /* !_POSIX_VERSION */ flush_child (0); #if defined (_POSIX_VERSION) sigaction (SIGCHLD, &oact, (struct sigaction *)NULL); #else set_signal_handler (SIGCHLD, ihandler); #endif /* !_POSIX_VERSION */ goto wait_loop; } /* The exit state of the command is either the termination state of the child, or the termination state of the job. If a job, the status of the last child in the pipeline is the significant one. */ if (job != NO_JOB) { register PROCESS *p = jobs[job]->pipe; while (p->next != jobs[job]->pipe) p = p->next; termination_state = process_exit_status (p->status); } else termination_state = process_exit_status (child->status); if (job == NO_JOB || (jobs[job]->flags & J_JOBCONTROL)) give_terminal_to (shell_pgrp); /* If the command did not exit cleanly, or the job is just being stopped, then reset the tty state back to what it was before this command. Reset the tty state and notify the user of the job termination only if the shell is interactive. Clean up any dead jobs in either case. */ if (job != NO_JOB) { if (interactive_shell && !subshell_environment) { if (WIFSIGNALED (child->status) || WIFSTOPPED (child->status)) set_tty_state (); else get_tty_state (); /* If job control is enabled, the job was started with job control, the job was the foreground job, and it was killed by SIGINT, then print a newline to compensate for the kernel printing the ^C without a trailing newline. */ if (job_control && (jobs[job]->flags & J_JOBCONTROL) && (jobs[job]->flags & J_FOREGROUND) && WIFSIGNALED (child->status) && WTERMSIG (child->status) == SIGINT) { putchar ('\n'); fflush (stdout); } notify_and_cleanup (); } else { /* If this job is dead, and the shell is not interactive, make sure we turn on the notify bit so we don't get an unwanted message about the job's termination, and so delete_job really clears the slot in the jobs table. */ if (JOBSTATE(job) == JDEAD) jobs[job]->flags |= J_NOTIFIED; cleanup_dead_jobs (); } } UNBLOCK_CHILD (oset); /* Restore the original SIGINT signal handler before we return. */ restore_sigint_handler (); return (termination_state); } /* Wait for the last process in the pipeline for JOB. */ int wait_for_job (job) int job; { pid_t pid = last_pid (job); return (wait_for (pid)); } /* Print info about dead jobs, and then delete them from the list of known jobs. This does not actually delete jobs when the shell is not interactive, because the dead jobs are not marked as notified. */ void notify_and_cleanup () { if (freeze_jobs_list) return; if (interactive) notify_of_job_status (); cleanup_dead_jobs (); } /* Make dead jobs disappear from the jobs array without notification. This is used when the shell is not interactive. */ void reap_dead_jobs () { mark_dead_jobs_as_notified (); cleanup_dead_jobs (); } /* Return the next closest (chronologically) job to JOB which is in STATE. STATE can be JSTOPPED, JRUNNING. NO_JOB is returned if there is no next recent job. */ static int most_recent_job_in_state (job, state) int job; JOB_STATE state; { register int i, result; sigset_t set, oset; BLOCK_CHILD (set, oset); result = NO_JOB; for (i = job - 1; i >= 0; i--) { if (jobs[i]) { if (JOBSTATE (i) == state) { result = i; break; } } } UNBLOCK_CHILD (oset); return (result); } /* Return the newest *stopped* job older than JOB, or NO_JOB if not found. */ static int last_stopped_job (job) int job; { return (most_recent_job_in_state (job, JSTOPPED)); } /* Return the newest *running* job older than JOB, or NO_JOB if not found. */ static int last_running_job (job) int job; { return (most_recent_job_in_state (job, JRUNNING)); } /* Make JOB be the current job, and make previous be useful. Must be called with SIGCHLD blocked. */ static void set_current_job (job) int job; { int candidate = NO_JOB; if (current_job != job) { previous_job = current_job; current_job = job; } /* First choice for previous_job is the old current_job. */ if (previous_job != current_job && previous_job != NO_JOB && jobs[previous_job] && JOBSTATE (previous_job) == JSTOPPED) return; /* Second choice: Newest stopped job that is older than the current job. */ if (JOBSTATE (current_job) == JSTOPPED) { candidate = last_stopped_job (current_job); if (candidate != NO_JOB) { previous_job = candidate; return; } } /* If we get here, there is either only one stopped job, in which case it is the current job and the previous job should be set to the newest running job, or there are only running jobs and the previous job should be set to the newest running job older than the current job. We decide on which alternative to use based on whether or not JOBSTATE(current_job) is JSTOPPED. */ if (JOBSTATE (current_job) == JRUNNING) candidate = last_running_job (current_job); else candidate = last_running_job (job_slots); if (candidate != NO_JOB) { previous_job = candidate; return; } /* There is only a single job, and it is both `+' and `-'. */ previous_job = current_job; } /* Make current_job be something useful, if it isn't already. */ /* Here's the deal: The newest non-running job should be `+', and the next-newest non-running job should be `-'. If there is only a single stopped job, the previous_job is the newest non-running job. If there are only running jobs, the newest running job is `+' and the next-newest running job is `-'. Must be called with SIGCHLD blocked. */ static void reset_current () { int candidate = NO_JOB; if (current_job != NO_JOB && job_slots && jobs[current_job] && JOBSTATE (current_job) == JSTOPPED) { candidate = current_job; } else { /* First choice: the previous job! */ if (previous_job != NO_JOB && jobs[previous_job] && JOBSTATE (previous_job) == JSTOPPED) candidate = previous_job; /* Second choice: the most recently stopped job. */ if (candidate == NO_JOB) candidate = last_stopped_job (job_slots); if (candidate == NO_JOB) { /* Third choice: the newest running job. */ candidate = last_running_job (job_slots); } } /* If we found a job to use, then use it. Otherwise, there are no jobs period. */ if (candidate != NO_JOB) set_current_job (candidate); else current_job = previous_job = NO_JOB; } /* Start a job. FOREGROUND if non-zero says to do that. Otherwise, start the job in the background. JOB is a zero-based index into JOBS. Returns -1 if it is unable to start a job, and the return status of the job otherwise. */ int start_job (job, foreground) int job, foreground; { register PROCESS *p; int already_running; sigset_t set, oset; char *wd; #if defined (NEW_TTY_DRIVER) static struct sgttyb save_stty; #endif #if defined (TERMIO_TTY_DRIVER) static struct termio save_stty; #endif #if defined (TERMIOS_TTY_DRIVER) static struct termios save_stty; #endif BLOCK_CHILD (set, oset); already_running = (JOBSTATE (job) == JRUNNING); if (!foreground && already_running) { report_error ("%s: bg background job?", this_command_name); UNBLOCK_CHILD (oset); return (-1); } wd = current_working_directory (); /* You don't know about the state of this job. Do you? */ jobs[job]->flags &= ~J_NOTIFIED; if (foreground) { set_current_job (job); jobs[job]->flags |= J_FOREGROUND; } /* Tell the outside world what we're doing. */ p = jobs[job]->pipe; if (!foreground) fprintf (stderr, "[%d]%c ", job + 1, (job == current_job) ? '+': ((job == previous_job) ? '-' : ' ')); do { fprintf (stderr, "%s%s", p->command ? p->command : "", p->next != jobs[job]->pipe? " | " : ""); p = p->next; } while (p != jobs[job]->pipe); if (!foreground) fprintf (stderr, " &"); if (strcmp (wd, jobs[job]->wd) != 0) fprintf (stderr, " (wd: %s)", polite_directory_format (jobs[job]->wd)); fprintf (stderr, "\n"); /* Run the job. */ if (!already_running) { /* Each member of the pipeline is now running. */ p = jobs[job]->pipe; do { if (WIFSTOPPED (p->status)) p->running = 1; p = p->next; } while (p != jobs[job]->pipe); /* This means that the job is running. */ JOBSTATE (job) = JRUNNING; } /* Save the tty settings before we start the job in the foreground. */ if (foreground) { get_tty_state (); save_stty = shell_tty_info; } /* Give the terminal to this job. */ if (foreground) { if (jobs[job]->flags & J_JOBCONTROL) give_terminal_to (jobs[job]->pgrp); } else jobs[job]->flags &= ~J_FOREGROUND; /* If the job is already running, then don't bother jump-starting it. */ if (!already_running) { jobs[job]->flags |= J_NOTIFIED; killpg (jobs[job]->pgrp, SIGCONT); } UNBLOCK_CHILD (oset); if (foreground) { pid_t pid = last_pid (job); int s = wait_for (pid); shell_tty_info = save_stty; set_tty_state (); return (s); } else { BLOCK_CHILD (set, oset); reset_current (); UNBLOCK_CHILD (oset); return (0); } } /* Give PID SIGNAL. This determines what job the pid belongs to (if any). If PID does belong to a job, and the job is stopped, then CONTinue the job after giving it SIGNAL. Returns -1 on failure. If GROUP is non-null, then kill the process group associated with PID. */ int kill_pid (pid, sig, group) pid_t pid; int sig, group; { register PROCESS *p; int job, result = EXECUTION_SUCCESS; sigset_t set, oset; BLOCK_CHILD (set, oset); p = find_pipeline (pid); job = find_job (pid); if (group) { if (job != NO_JOB) { jobs[job]->flags &= ~J_NOTIFIED; /* Kill process in backquotes or one started without job control? */ if (jobs[job]->pgrp == shell_pgrp) { p = jobs[job]->pipe; do { kill (p->pid, sig); if (p->running == 0 && (sig == SIGTERM || sig == SIGHUP)) kill (p->pid, SIGCONT); p = p->next; } while (p != jobs[job]->pipe); } else { result = killpg (jobs[job]->pgrp, sig); if (p && (JOBSTATE (job) == JSTOPPED) && (sig == SIGTERM || sig == SIGHUP)) killpg (jobs[job]->pgrp, SIGCONT); } } else result = killpg (pid, sig); } else result = kill (pid, sig); UNBLOCK_CHILD (oset); return (result); } /* Take care of system dependencies that must be handled when waiting for children. The arguments to the WAITPID macro match those to the Posix.1 waitpid() function. */ #if defined (Ultrix) && defined (mips) && defined (_POSIX_VERSION) # define WAITPID(pid, statusp, options) \ wait3 ((union wait *)statusp, options, (struct rusage *)0) #else # if defined (_POSIX_VERSION) # define WAITPID(pid, statusp, options) \ waitpid ((pid_t)pid, statusp, options) # else # if defined (hpux) # define WAITPID(pid, statusp, options) \ wait3 (statusp, options, (int *)0) # else # define WAITPID(pid, statusp, options) \ wait3 (statusp, options, (struct rusage *)0) # endif /* !hpux */ # endif /* !_POSIX_VERSION */ #endif /* !(Ultrix && mips && _POSIX_VERSION) */ /* If the system needs it, REINSTALL_SIGCHLD_HANDLER will reinstall the handler for SIGCHLD. */ #if defined (hpux) && !defined (_POSIX_VERSION) # define REINSTALL_SIGCHLD_HANDLER signal (SIGCHLD, flush_child) #else # define REINSTALL_SIGCHLD_HANDLER #endif /* !hpux || _POSIX_VERSION */ /* Flush_child () flushes at least one of the children that we are waiting for. It gets run when we have gotten a SIGCHLD signal, and stops when there aren't any children terminating any more. If SIG is 0, this is to be a blocking wait for a single child. */ static sighandler flush_child (sig) int sig; { WAIT status; PROCESS *child; pid_t pid; int call_set_current = 0, last_stopped_job = NO_JOB; int children_exited = 0; do { pid = WAITPID (-1, &status, sig ? (WNOHANG | WUNTRACED) : WUNTRACED); if (pid > 0) { REINSTALL_SIGCHLD_HANDLER; /* Locate our PROCESS for this pid. */ child = find_pipeline (pid); /* It is not an error to have a child terminate that we did not have a record of. This child could have been part of a pipeline in backquote substitution. */ if (child) { int job = find_job (pid); while (child->pid != pid) child = child->next; /* Remember status, and fact that process is not running. */ child->status = status; child->running = 0; if (job != NO_JOB) { int job_state = 0; int any_stopped = 0; int any_tstped = 0; child = jobs[job]->pipe; jobs[job]->flags &= ~J_NOTIFIED; /* If all children are not running, but any of them is stopped, then the job is stopped, not dead. */ do { job_state |= child->running; if (!child->running) { any_stopped |= WIFSTOPPED (child->status); any_tstped |= interactive && job_control && WIFSTOPPED (child->status) && WSTOPSIG (child->status) == SIGTSTP; } child = child->next; } while (child != jobs[job]->pipe); if (job_state == 0) { if (any_stopped) { jobs[job]->state = JSTOPPED; jobs[job]->flags &= ~J_FOREGROUND; call_set_current++; last_stopped_job = job; /* Suspending a job in a loop from the keyboard breaks out of all active loops. */ if (any_tstped && loop_level) breaking = loop_level; } else { jobs[job]->state = JDEAD; if (job == last_stopped_job) last_stopped_job = NO_JOB; /* If the foreground job is killed by SIGINT when job control is not active, we need to perform some special handling. */ /* The check of wait_sigint_received is a way to determine if the SIGINT came from the keyboard (in which case the shell has already seen it, and wait_sigint_received is non-zero, because keyboard signals are sent to process groups) or via kill(2) to the foreground process by another process (or itself). If the shell did receive the SIGINT, it needs to perform normal SIGINT processing. */ if ((WTERMSIG (jobs[job]->pipe->status) == SIGINT) && (jobs[job]->flags & J_FOREGROUND) && (jobs[job]->flags & J_JOBCONTROL) == 0 && wait_sigint_received) { wait_sigint_received = 0; /* If SIGINT is trapped, set the exit status so that the trap handler can see it. */ if (signal_is_trapped (SIGINT)) last_command_exit_value = process_exit_status (jobs[job]->pipe->status); /* If the signal is trapped, let the trap handler get it no matter what and simply return if the trap handler returns. maybe_call_trap_handler may cause dead jobs to be removed from the job table because of a call to execute_command. Watch out for this. */ if (maybe_call_trap_handler (SIGINT) == 0 && old_sigint_handler != INVALID_SIGNAL_HANDLER) { /* wait_sigint_handler () has already seen SIGINT and allowed the wait builtin to jump out. We need to call the original SIGINT handler. */ SigHandler *temp_handler; temp_handler = old_sigint_handler; restore_sigint_handler (); (*temp_handler) (SIGINT); } } } } } } /* If we have caught a child, and a trap was set for SIGCHLD, then bump up the count of the number of children that have exited, so we know how many times to call it. */ children_exited++; } } while (sig && pid > (pid_t)0); /* If a job was running and became stopped, then set the current job. Otherwise, don't change a thing. */ if (call_set_current) if (last_stopped_job != NO_JOB) set_current_job (last_stopped_job); else reset_current (); /* Call a SIGCHLD trap handler for each child that exits, if one is set. */ if (job_control && signal_is_trapped (SIGCHLD) && trap_list[SIGCHLD] != (char *)IGNORE_SIG) { char *trap_command; /* Turn off the trap list during the call to parse_and_execute () to avoid potentially infinite recursive calls. Preserve the values of last_command_exit_value, last_made_pid, and the_pipeline around the execution of the trap commands. */ trap_command = savestring (trap_list[SIGCHLD]); begin_unwind_frame ("SIGCHLD trap"); unwind_protect_int (last_command_exit_value); unwind_protect_int (last_made_pid); unwind_protect_int (interrupt_immediately); unwind_protect_int (freeze_jobs_list); unwind_protect_pointer (the_pipeline); /* We have to add the commands this way because they will be run in reverse order of adding. We don't want maybe_set_sigchld_trap () to reference freed memory. */ add_unwind_protect ((Function *)xfree, trap_command); add_unwind_protect ((Function *)maybe_set_sigchld_trap, trap_command); the_pipeline = (PROCESS *)NULL; restore_default_signal (SIGCHLD); freeze_jobs_list = 1; while (children_exited--) { interrupt_immediately = 1; parse_and_execute (savestring (trap_command), "trap", -1); } run_unwind_frame ("SIGCHLD trap"); } /* We have successfully recorded the useful information about this process that has just changed state. If we notify asynchronously, and the job that this process belongs to is no longer running, then notify the user of that fact now. */ if (asynchronous_notification && interactive) notify_of_job_status (); #if !defined (VOID_SIGHANDLER) return (0); #endif /* VOID_SIGHANDLER */ } /* Function to call when you want to notify people of changes in job status. This prints out all jobs which are pending notification to stderr, and marks those printed as already notified, thus making them candidates for cleanup. */ static void notify_of_job_status () { register int job, termsig; char *dir; sigset_t set, oset; sigemptyset (&set); sigaddset (&set, SIGCHLD); sigaddset (&set, SIGTTOU); sigemptyset (&oset); sigprocmask (SIG_BLOCK, &set, &oset); dir = (char *)NULL; for (job = 0; job < job_slots; job++) { if (jobs[job] && (jobs[job]->flags & J_NOTIFIED) == 0) { WAIT s; s = jobs[job]->pipe->status; termsig = WTERMSIG (s); /* If job control is disabled, don't print the status messages. Mark dead jobs as notified so that they get cleaned up. */ if (!job_control) { if (JOBSTATE (job) == JDEAD) jobs[job]->flags |= J_NOTIFIED; continue; } switch (JOBSTATE (job)) { /* Print info on jobs that are running in the background, and on foreground jobs that were killed by anything except SIGINT. */ case JDEAD: if (jobs[job]->flags & J_FOREGROUND) { if (termsig && WIFSIGNALED (s) && termsig != SIGINT) { fprintf (stderr, "%s", strsignal (termsig)); if (WIFCORED (s)) fprintf (stderr, " (core dumped)"); fprintf (stderr, "\n"); } } else { if (!dir) dir = current_working_directory (); pretty_print_job (job, 0, stderr); if (dir && strcmp (dir, jobs[job]->wd) != 0) fprintf (stderr, "(wd now: %s)\n", polite_directory_format (dir)); } jobs[job]->flags |= J_NOTIFIED; break; case JSTOPPED: fprintf (stderr, "\n"); if (!dir) dir = current_working_directory (); pretty_print_job (job, 0, stderr); if (dir && (strcmp (dir, jobs[job]->wd) != 0)) fprintf (stderr, "(wd now: %s)\n", polite_directory_format (dir)); jobs[job]->flags |= J_NOTIFIED; break; case JRUNNING: case JMIXED: break; default: programming_error ("notify_of_job_status"); } } } sigprocmask (SIG_SETMASK, &oset, (sigset_t *)NULL); } /* getpgrp () varies between systems. Even systems that claim to be Posix.1 compatible lie sometimes (Ultrix, SunOS4, apollo). */ #if defined (_POSIX_VERSION) && !defined (BSD_GETPGRP) # define getpgid(p) getpgrp () #else # define getpgid(p) getpgrp (p) #endif /* !_POSIX_VERSION || BSD_GETPGRP */ /* Initialize the job control mechanism, and set up the tty stuff. */ initialize_jobs () { shell_pgrp = getpgid (0); if (shell_pgrp == -1) { internal_error ("initialize_jobs: getpgrp failed: %s", strerror (errno)); exit (1); } /* We can only have job control if we are interactive? I guess that makes sense. */ if (!interactive) { job_control = 0; original_pgrp = NO_PID; } else { /* Make sure that we are using the new line discipline. */ /* Get our controlling terminal. If job_control is set, or interactive is set, then this is an interactive shell no matter what. */ shell_tty = dup (fileno (stderr)); /* Find the highest unused file descriptor we can. */ { int ignore, nds = getdtablesize (); if (nds <= 0) nds = 20; else if (nds > 256) nds = 256; while (--nds > 3) { if (fcntl (nds, F_GETFD, &ignore) == -1) break; } if (nds && shell_tty != nds && (dup2 (shell_tty, nds) != -1)) { if (shell_tty != fileno (stderr)) close (shell_tty); shell_tty = nds; } } #if defined (RLOGIN_PGRP_BUG) /* Compensate for a bug in systems that compiled the BSD /usr/etc/rlogind with DEBUG defined, like NeXT and Alliant. */ if (shell_pgrp == 0) { shell_pgrp = getpid (); setpgid (0, shell_pgrp); tcsetpgrp (shell_tty, shell_pgrp); } #endif /* RLOGIN_PGRP_BUG */ while ((terminal_pgrp = tcgetpgrp (shell_tty)) != -1) { if (shell_pgrp != terminal_pgrp) { SigHandler *old_ttin = (SigHandler *)signal (SIGTTIN, SIG_DFL); kill (0, SIGTTIN); signal (SIGTTIN, old_ttin); continue; } break; } if (set_new_line_discipline (shell_tty) < 0) { internal_error ("initialize_jobs: line discipline: %s", strerror (errno)); job_control = 0; } else { original_pgrp = shell_pgrp; shell_pgrp = getpid (); if ((original_pgrp != shell_pgrp) && (setpgid (0, shell_pgrp) < 0)) { internal_error ("initialize_jobs: setpgid: %s", strerror (errno)); shell_pgrp = original_pgrp; } job_control = 1; if (give_terminal_to (shell_pgrp) < 0) /* XXX */ /* job_control = 0 */; /* XXX */ } if (job_control == 0) internal_error ("no job control in this shell"); /* XXX */ } if (shell_tty != fileno (stderr)) SET_CLOSE_ON_EXEC (shell_tty); set_signal_handler (SIGCHLD, flush_child); change_flag ('m', job_control ? '-' : '+'); if (interactive) get_tty_state (); return job_control; } /* Set the line discipline to the best this system has to offer. Return -1 if this is not possible. */ static int set_new_line_discipline (tty) int tty; { #if defined (NEW_TTY_DRIVER) int ldisc; if (ioctl (tty, TIOCGETD, &ldisc) < 0) return (-1); if (ldisc != NTTYDISC) { ldisc = NTTYDISC; if (ioctl (tty, TIOCSETD, &ldisc) < 0) return (-1); } return (0); #endif /* NEW_TTY_DRIVER */ #if defined (TERMIO_TTY_DRIVER) # if defined (NTTYDISC) if (ioctl (tty, TCGETA, &shell_tty_info) < 0) return (-1); if (shell_tty_info.c_line != NTTYDISC) { shell_tty_info.c_line = NTTYDISC; if (ioctl (tty, TCSETAW, &shell_tty_info) < 0) return (-1); } # endif /* NTTYDISC */ return (0); #endif /* TERMIO_TTY_DRIVER */ #if defined (TERMIOS_TTY_DRIVER) # if defined (TERMIOS_LDISC) if (tcgetattr (tty, &shell_tty_info) < 0) return (-1); if (shell_tty_info.c_line != NTTYDISC) { shell_tty_info.c_line = NTTYDISC; if (tcsetattr (tty, TCSADRAIN, &shell_tty_info) < 0) return (-1); } # endif /* TERMIOS_LDISC */ return (0); #endif /* TERMIOS_TTY_DRIVER */ #if !defined (NEW_TTY_DRIVER) && !defined (TERMIO_TTY_DRIVER) && !defined (TERMIOS_TTY_DRIVER) return (-1); #endif } static SigHandler *old_tstp, *old_ttou, *old_ttin; static SigHandler *old_cont = (SigHandler *)SIG_DFL; static sighandler stop_signal_handler (), cont_signal_handler (); #if !defined (READLINE) && defined (TIOCGWINSZ) && defined (SIGWINCH) static SigHandler *old_winch; static sighandler sigwinch_sighandler (sig) int sig; { struct winsize win; #if defined (USG) && !defined (_POSIX_VERSION) set_signal_handler (SIGWINCH, sigwinch_sighandler); #endif /* USG && !_POSIX_VERSION */ if ((ioctl (shell_tty, TIOCGWINSZ, &win) == 0) && win.ws_row > 0 && win.ws_col > 0) { #if defined (aixpc) shell_tty_info.c_winsize = win; /* structure copying */ #endif set_lines_and_columns (win.ws_row, win.ws_col); } } #endif /* !READLINE && TIOCGWINSZ && SIGWINCH */ /* Setup this shell to handle C-C, etc. */ void initialize_job_signals () { if (interactive) { set_signal_handler (SIGINT, sigint_sighandler); set_signal_handler (SIGTSTP, SIG_IGN); set_signal_handler (SIGTTOU, SIG_IGN); set_signal_handler (SIGTTIN, SIG_IGN); #if !defined (READLINE) && defined (TIOCGWINSZ) && defined (SIGWINCH) old_winch = set_signal_handler (SIGWINCH, sigwinch_sighandler); #endif /* !READLINE && TIOCGWINSZ && SIGWINCH */ } else if (job_control) { old_tstp = set_signal_handler (SIGTSTP, stop_signal_handler); old_ttou = set_signal_handler (SIGTTOU, stop_signal_handler); old_ttin = set_signal_handler (SIGTTIN, stop_signal_handler); } /* Leave these things alone for non-interactive shells without job control. */ } /* Here we handle CONT signals. */ static sighandler cont_signal_handler (sig) int sig; { initialize_job_signals (); set_signal_handler (SIGCONT, old_cont); kill (getpid (), SIGCONT); #if !defined (VOID_SIGHANDLER) return (0); #endif /* VOID_SIGHANDLER */ } /* Here we handle stop signals while we are running not as a login shell. */ static sighandler stop_signal_handler (sig) int sig; { set_signal_handler (SIGTSTP, old_tstp); set_signal_handler (SIGTTOU, old_ttou); set_signal_handler (SIGTTIN, old_ttin); old_cont = set_signal_handler (SIGCONT, cont_signal_handler); give_terminal_to (shell_pgrp); kill (getpid (), sig); #if !defined (VOID_SIGHANDLER) return (0); #endif /* VOID_SIGHANDLER */ } /* Give the terminal to PGRP. */ give_terminal_to (pgrp) pid_t pgrp; { sigset_t set, oset; int r = 0; if (job_control) { sigemptyset (&set); sigaddset (&set, SIGTTOU); sigaddset (&set, SIGTTIN); sigaddset (&set, SIGTSTP); sigaddset (&set, SIGCHLD); sigemptyset (&oset); sigprocmask (SIG_BLOCK, &set, &oset); if (tcsetpgrp (shell_tty, pgrp) < 0) { /* Maybe we should print an error message? */ /* internal_error ("tcsetpgrp(%d) failed: pid %d to pgrp %d: %s", shell_tty, getpid(), pgrp, strerror (errno)); */ r = -1; } else terminal_pgrp = pgrp; sigprocmask (SIG_SETMASK, &oset, (sigset_t *)NULL); } return r; } /* Clear out any jobs in the job array. This is intended to be used by children of the shell, who should not have any job structures as baggage when they start executing (forking subshells for parenthesized execution and functions with pipes are the two that spring to mind). */ static void delete_all_jobs () { register int i; sigset_t set, oset; if (job_slots) { BLOCK_CHILD (set, oset); if (job_slots) { current_job = previous_job = NO_JOB; for (i = 0; i < job_slots; i++) if (jobs[i] != (JOB *) NULL) delete_job (i); free ((char *)jobs); job_slots = 0; } UNBLOCK_CHILD (oset); } } /* Mark all dead jobs as notified, so delete_job () cleans them out of the job table properly. */ static void mark_dead_jobs_as_notified () { register int i; sigset_t set, oset; if (job_slots) { BLOCK_CHILD (set, oset); for (i = 0; i < job_slots; i++) if (jobs[i] && JOBSTATE (i) == JDEAD) jobs[i]->flags |= J_NOTIFIED; UNBLOCK_CHILD (oset); } } /* Allow or disallow job control to take place. Returns the old value of job_control. */ int set_job_control (arg) int arg; { int old; old = job_control; job_control = arg; return (old); } /* Turn off all traces of job control. This is run by children of the shell which are going to do shellsy things, like wait (), etc. */ void without_job_control () { stop_making_children (); start_pipeline (); delete_all_jobs (); set_job_control (0); } /* If this shell is interactive, terminate all stopped jobs and restore the original terminal process group. This is done before the `exec' builtin calls shell_execve. */ void end_job_control () { if (interactive_shell) /* XXX - should it be interactive? */ { terminate_stopped_jobs (); if (original_pgrp >= 0) give_terminal_to (original_pgrp); } if (original_pgrp >= 0) setpgid (0, original_pgrp); } /* Restart job control by closing shell tty and reinitializing. This is called after an exec fails in an interactive shell and we do not exit. */ void restart_job_control () { if (shell_tty != -1) close (shell_tty); initialize_jobs (); } /* Set the handler to run when the shell receives a SIGCHLD signal. */ void set_sigchld_handler () { set_signal_handler (SIGCHLD, flush_child); } #if defined (PGRP_PIPE) /* Read from the read end of a pipe. This is how the process group leader blocks until all of the processes in a pipeline have been made. */ static void pipe_read (pp) int *pp; { char ch; if (pp[1] >= 0) { close (pp[1]); pp[1] = -1; } if (pp[0] >= 0) { while (read (pp[0], &ch, 1) == -1 && errno == EINTR) continue; } } /* Close the read and write ends of PP, an array of file descriptors. */ static void pipe_close (pp) int *pp; { if (pp[0] >= 0) close (pp[0]); if (pp[1] >= 0) close (pp[1]); pp[0] = pp[1] = -1; } /* Functional interface closes our local-to-job-control pipes. */ close_pgrp_pipe () { pipe_close (pgrp_pipe); } #endif /* PGRP_PIPE */ #endif /* JOB_CONTROL */ bash-1.14.3/jobs.h 644 436 0 25034 5670676164 12024 0ustar chetwheel/* jobs.h -- structures and stuff used by the jobs.c file. */ /* Copyright (C) 1993 Free Software Foundation, Inc. This file is part of GNU Bash, the Bourne Again SHell. Bash is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option) any later version. Bash is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details. You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with Bash; see the file COPYING. If not, write to the Free Software Foundation, 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. */ #if !defined (__JOBS_H__) # define __JOBS_H__ #include "quit.h" #include "siglist.h" #include "stdc.h" /* Defines controlling the fashion in which jobs are listed. */ #define JLIST_STANDARD 0 #define JLIST_LONG 1 #define JLIST_PID_ONLY 2 #define JLIST_CHANGED_ONLY 3 #if defined (HAVE_WAIT_H) # include #else /* !HAVE_WAIT_H */ # include "bash_endian.h" # if !defined (_POSIX_VERSION) # if defined (LITTLE_ENDIAN) union wait { int w_status; /* used in syscall */ /* Terminated process status. */ struct { unsigned short w_Termsig : 7, /* termination signal */ w_Coredump : 1, /* core dump indicator */ w_Retcode : 8, /* exit code if w_termsig==0 */ w_Fill1 : 16; /* high 16 bits unused */ } w_T; /* Stopped process status. Returned only for traced children unless requested with the WUNTRACED option bit. */ struct { unsigned short w_Stopval : 8, /* == W_STOPPED if stopped */ w_Stopsig : 8, /* actually zero on XENIX */ w_Fill2 : 16; /* high 16 bits unused */ } w_S; }; # else /* !LITTLE_ENDIAN */ /* This is for big-endian machines like the IBM RT, HP 9000, or Sun-3 */ union wait { int w_status; /* used in syscall */ /* Terminated process status. */ struct { unsigned short w_Fill1 : 16; /* high 16 bits unused */ unsigned w_Retcode : 8; /* exit code if w_termsig==0 */ unsigned w_Coredump : 1; /* core dump indicator */ unsigned w_Termsig : 7; /* termination signal */ } w_T; /* Stopped process status. Returned only for traced children unless requested with the WUNTRACED option bit. */ struct { unsigned short w_Fill2 : 16; /* high 16 bits unused */ unsigned w_Stopsig : 8; /* signal that stopped us */ unsigned w_Stopval : 8; /* == W_STOPPED if stopped */ } w_S; }; # endif /* !LITTLE_ENDIAN */ # define w_termsig w_T.w_Termsig # define w_coredump w_T.w_Coredump # define w_retcode w_T.w_Retcode # define w_stopval w_S.w_Stopval # define w_stopsig w_S.w_Stopsig /* Note that sys/wait.h defines these for Posix systems. */ # define WSTOPPED 0177 # define WIFSTOPPED(x) (((x) . w_stopval) == WSTOPPED) # define WIFEXITED(x) ((! (WIFSTOPPED (x))) && (((x) . w_termsig) == 0)) # define WIFSIGNALED(x) ((! (WIFSTOPPED (x))) && (((x) . w_termsig) != 0)) # endif /* !_POSIX_VERSION */ #endif /* !HAVE_WAIT_H */ /* How to get the status of a job. For Posix, this is just an int, but for other systems we have to crack the union wait. */ #if !defined (_POSIX_VERSION) # define pid_t int typedef union wait WAIT; # define WSTATUS(t) (t.w_status) #else /* _POSIX_VERSION */ typedef int WAIT; # define WSTATUS(t) (t) #endif /* _POSIX_VERSION */ /* Make sure that parameters to wait3 are defined. */ #if !defined (WNOHANG) # define WNOHANG 1 # define WUNTRACED 2 #endif /* WNOHANG */ /* More Posix P1003.1 definitions. In the POSIX versions, the parameter is passed as an `int', in the non-POSIX version, as `union wait'. */ #if defined (_POSIX_VERSION) # if !defined (WSTOPSIG) # define WSTOPSIG(s) ((s) >> 8) # endif /* !WSTOPSIG */ # if !defined (WTERMSIG) # define WTERMSIG(s) ((s) & 0177) # endif /* !WTERMSIG */ # if !defined (WEXITSTATUS) # define WEXITSTATUS(s) ((s) >> 8) # endif /* !WEXITSTATUS */ # if !defined (WIFSTOPPED) # define WIFSTOPPED(s) (((s) & 0177) == 0177) # endif /* !WIFSTOPPED */ # if !defined (WIFEXITED) # define WIFEXITED(s) (((s) & 0377) == 0) # endif /* !WIFEXITED */ # if !defined (WIFSIGNALED) # define WIFSIGNALED(s) (!WIFSTOPPED(s) && !WIFEXITED(s)) # endif /* !WIFSIGNALED */ # if !defined (WIFCORED) # define WIFCORED(s) ((s) & 0200) # endif /* !WIFCORED */ #else /* !_POSIX_VERSION */ # if !defined (WSTOPSIG) # define WSTOPSIG(s) ((s).w_stopsig) # endif /* !WSTOPSIG */ # if !defined (WTERMSIG) # define WTERMSIG(s) ((s).w_termsig) # endif /* !WTERMSIG */ # if !defined (WEXITSTATUS) # define WEXITSTATUS(s) ((s).w_retcode) # endif /* !WEXITSTATUS */ # if !defined (WIFCORED) # define WIFCORED(s) ((s).w_coredump) # endif /* !WIFCORED */ #endif /* !_POSIX_VERSION */ /* I looked it up. For pretty_print_job (). The real answer is 24. */ #define LONGEST_SIGNAL_DESC 24 /* We keep an array of jobs. Each entry in the array is a linked list of processes that are piped together. The first process encountered is the group leader. */ /* Each child of the shell is remembered in a STRUCT PROCESS. A chain of such structures is a pipeline. The chain is circular. */ typedef struct process { struct process *next; /* Next process in the pipeline. A circular chain. */ pid_t pid; /* Process ID. */ WAIT status; /* The status of this command as returned by wait. */ int running; /* Non-zero if this process is running. */ char *command; /* The particular program that is running. */ } PROCESS; /* A description of a pipeline's state. */ typedef enum { JRUNNING, JSTOPPED, JDEAD, JMIXED } JOB_STATE; #define JOBSTATE(job) (jobs[(job)]->state) /* Values for the FLAGS field in the JOB struct below. */ #define J_FOREGROUND 0x01 /* Non-zero if this is running in the foreground. */ #define J_NOTIFIED 0x02 /* Non-zero if already notified about job state. */ #define J_JOBCONTROL 0x04 /* Non-zero if this job started under job control. */ typedef struct job { char *wd; /* The working directory at time of invocation. */ PROCESS *pipe; /* The pipeline of processes that make up this job. */ pid_t pgrp; /* The process ID of the process group (necessary). */ JOB_STATE state; /* The state that this job is in. */ int flags; /* Flags word: J_NOTIFIED, J_FOREGROUND, or J_JOBCONTROL. */ #if defined (JOB_CONTROL) COMMAND *deferred; /* Commands that will execute when this job is done. */ #endif /* JOB_CONTROL */ } JOB; #define NO_JOB -1 /* An impossible job array index. */ #define DUP_JOB -2 /* A possible return value for get_job_spec (). */ /* A value which cannot be a process ID. */ #define NO_PID (pid_t)-1 #if !defined (_POSIX_VERSION) && !defined (sigmask) # define sigmask(x) (1 << ((x)-1)) #endif /* !POSIX && !sigmask */ #if !defined (SIGABRT) # define SIGABRT SIGIOT #endif /* !SIGABRT */ #if !defined (SIGCHLD) # define SIGCHLD SIGCLD #endif /* !SIGCHLD */ #if !defined (_POSIX_VERSION) # if !defined (SIG_BLOCK) # define SIG_BLOCK 2 # define SIG_SETMASK 3 # endif /* SIG_BLOCK */ /* Type of a signal set. */ # define sigset_t int /* Make sure there is nothing inside the signal set. */ # define sigemptyset(set) (*(set) = 0) /* Initialize the signal set to hold all signals. */ # define sigfillset(set) (*set) = sigmask (NSIG) - 1 /* Add SIG to the contents of SET. */ # define sigaddset(set, sig) *(set) |= sigmask (sig) /* Delete SIG from signal set SET. */ # define sigdelset(set, sig) *(set) &= ~sigmask (sig) /* Is SIG a member of the signal set SET? */ # define sigismember(set, sig) ((*(set) & sigmask (sig)) != 0) /* Suspend the process until the reception of one of the signals not present in SET. */ # define sigsuspend(set) sigpause (*(set)) #endif /* !_POSIX_VERSION */ /* These definitions are used both in POSIX and non-POSIX implementations. */ #define BLOCK_SIGNAL(sig, nvar, ovar) \ sigemptyset (&nvar); \ sigaddset (&nvar, sig); \ sigemptyset (&ovar); \ sigprocmask (SIG_BLOCK, &nvar, &ovar) #if defined (_POSIX_VERSION) # define BLOCK_CHILD(nvar, ovar) \ BLOCK_SIGNAL (SIGCHLD, nvar, ovar) # define UNBLOCK_CHILD(ovar) \ sigprocmask (SIG_SETMASK, &ovar, (sigset_t *) NULL) #else /* !_POSIX_VERSION */ # define BLOCK_CHILD(nvar, ovar) ovar = sigblock (sigmask (SIGCHLD)) # define UNBLOCK_CHILD(ovar) sigsetmask (ovar) #endif /* !_POSIX_VERSION */ /* System calls. */ #if !defined (SunOS5) && !defined (USGr4_2) && !defined (__BSD_4_4__) extern pid_t fork (), getpid (), getpgrp (); #endif /* !SunOS5 && !USGr4_2 && !__BSD_4_4__ */ /* Stuff from the jobs.c file. */ extern pid_t original_pgrp, shell_pgrp, pipeline_pgrp; extern pid_t last_made_pid, last_asynchronous_pid; extern int current_job, previous_job; extern int asynchronous_notification; extern JOB **jobs; extern int job_slots; extern void making_children __P((void)); extern void stop_making_children __P((void)); extern void cleanup_the_pipeline __P((void)); extern void start_pipeline __P((void)); extern int stop_pipeline __P((int, COMMAND *)); extern void delete_job __P((int)); extern void terminate_current_pipeline __P((void)); extern void terminate_stopped_jobs __P((void)); extern void hangup_all_jobs __P((void)); extern void kill_current_pipeline __P((void)); #if defined (__STDC__) && defined (pid_t) extern void describe_pid __P((int)); #else extern void describe_pid __P((pid_t)); #endif extern int list_one_job __P((JOB *, int, int, int)); extern void list_jobs __P((int)); extern pid_t make_child __P((char *, int)); extern int get_tty_state __P((void)); extern int set_tty_state __P((void)); extern int wait_for_single_pid __P((pid_t)); extern void wait_for_background_pids __P((void)); extern int wait_for __P((pid_t)); extern int wait_for_job __P((int)); extern void notify_and_cleanup __P((void)); extern void reap_dead_jobs __P((void)); extern int start_job __P((int, int)); extern int kill_pid __P((pid_t, int, int)); extern int initialize_jobs __P((void)); extern void initialize_job_signals __P((void)); extern int give_terminal_to __P((pid_t)); extern int set_job_control __P((int)); extern void without_job_control __P((void)); extern void end_job_control __P((void)); extern void restart_job_control __P((void)); extern void set_sigchld_handler __P((void)); #if defined (JOB_CONTROL) extern int job_control; #endif #endif /* __JOBS_H__ */ bash-1.14.3/machines.h 644 436 0 200103 5701351654 12653 0ustar chetwheel/* machines.h -- Included file in the makefile that gets run through Cpp. This file tells which machines have what features based on the unique machine identifier present in Cpp. */ /* Copyright (C) 1993 Free Software Foundation, Inc. This file is part of GNU Bash, the Bourne Again SHell. Bash is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option) any later version. Bash is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details. You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with Bash; see the file COPYING. If not, write to the Free Software Foundation, 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. */ /* **************************************************************** */ /* */ /* Global Assumptions (true for most systems). */ /* */ /* **************************************************************** */ /* We make some global assumptions here. This can be #undef'ed in various machine specific entries. */ /* If this file is being processed with Gcc, then the user has Gcc. */ #if defined (__GNUC__) && !defined (NeXT) && !defined (__FreeBSD__) # if !defined (HAVE_GCC) # define HAVE_GCC # endif /* HAVE_GCC */ #endif /* __GNUC__ && !NeXT && !__FreeBSD__ */ /* Assume that all machines have the getwd () system call. We unset it for USG systems. */ #define HAVE_GETWD /* Assume that all systems have a working getcwd () call. We unset it for ISC systems. */ #define HAVE_GETCWD /* Most (but not all) systems have a good, working version of dup2 (). For systems that don't have the call (HP/UX), and for systems that don't set the open-on-exec flag for the dup'ed file descriptors, (Sequents running Dynix, Ultrix), #undef HAVE_DUP2 in the machine description. */ #define HAVE_DUP2 /* Every machine that has Gcc has alloca as a builtin in Gcc. If you are compiling Bash without Gcc, then you must have alloca in a library, in your C compiler, or be able to assemble or compile the alloca source that we ship with Bash. */ #define HAVE_ALLOCA /* We like most machines to use the GNU Malloc routines supplied in the source code because they provide high quality error checking. On some machines, our malloc () cannot be used (because of library conflicts, for example), and for those, you should specifically #undef USE_GNU_MALLOC in the machine description. */ #define USE_GNU_MALLOC /* This causes the Gnu malloc library (from glibc) to be used. */ /* #define USE_GNU_MALLOC_LIBRARY */ /* Assume that every operating system supplies strchr () and strrchr () in a standard library until proven otherwise. */ #define HAVE_STRCHR /* Hardware-dependent CFLAGS. */ #define MACHINE_CFLAGS /* **************************************************************** */ /* */ /* Sun Microsystems Machines */ /* */ /* **************************************************************** */ /* NetBSD running on a sparc. */ #if defined (sparc) && defined (__NetBSD__) # define M_MACHINE "sun4" # define M_OS "NetBSD" # define SYSDEP_CFLAGS -DOPENDIR_NOT_ROBUST -DINT_GROUPS_ARRAY \ -DRLIMTYPE=quad_t # define SYSDEP_LDFLAGS -static # define HAVE_SYS_SIGLIST # define HAVE_SETLINEBUF # define HAVE_GETGROUPS # define HAVE_VFPRINTF # define HAVE_STRERROR # define VOID_SIGHANDLER # define HAVE_DIRENT # define HAVE_STRCASECMP #endif /* sparc && __NetBSD__ */ #if defined (sun) && !defined (M_MACHINE) /* We aren't currently using GNU Malloc on Suns because of a bug in Sun's YP which bites us when Sun free ()'s an already free ()'ed address. When Sun fixes their YP, we can start using our winning malloc again. */ #undef USE_GNU_MALLOC /* Most Sun systems have signal handler functions that are void. */ # define VOID_SIGHANDLER /* Most Sun systems have the following. */ # define HAVE_SYS_SIGLIST # define HAVE_SETLINEBUF # define HAVE_VFPRINTF # define HAVE_GETGROUPS /* Check for SunOS4 or greater. */ # if defined (SunOS5) # define M_OS "SunOS5" # define SYSDEP_CFLAGS -DUSGr4 -DUSG -DSolaris -DOPENDIR_NOT_ROBUST \ -DNO_SBRK_DECL -DINT_GROUPS_ARRAY # define EXTRA_LIB_SEARCH_PATH /usr/ccs/lib # if !defined (HAVE_GCC) # define REQUIRED_LIBRARIES -ldl # define SYSDEP_LDFLAGS -Bdynamic # endif /* !HAVE_GCC */ # define HAVE_STRERROR # undef HAVE_GETWD # undef HAVE_SETLINEBUF # endif /* SunOS5 */ # if defined (SunOS4) # define M_OS "SunOS4" # define SYSDEP_CFLAGS -DBSD_GETPGRP -DOPENDIR_NOT_ROBUST -DTERMIOS_LDISC \ -DINT_GROUPS_ARRAY # define HAVE_DIRENT # endif /* SunOS4 */ # if !defined (SunOS4) && !defined (SunOS5) # define M_OS "SunOS3" # if !defined (sparc) && !defined (__sparc__) # undef VOID_SIGHANDLER # endif /* !sparc */ # endif /* !SunOS4 && !SunOS5 */ # if defined (mc68010) # define sun2 # define M_MACHINE "sun2" # endif # if defined (mc68020) # define sun3 # define M_MACHINE "sun3" # endif # if defined (sparc) || defined (__sparc__) # define sun4 # define M_MACHINE "sparc" # endif # if defined (i386) # define done386 # if !defined (SunOS5) # define Sun386i # define M_MACHINE "Sun386i" # else # define M_MACHINE "i386" # endif # endif /* i386 */ #endif /* sun && !M_MACHINE */ /* **************************************************************** */ /* */ /* DEC Machines (vax, decstations) */ /* */ /* **************************************************************** */ /* ************************ */ /* */ /* Alpha with OSF/1 */ /* */ /* ************************ */ #if defined (__alpha) || defined (alpha) # define M_MACHINE "alpha" # define M_OS "OSF1" # define HAVE_SYS_SIGLIST # define HAVE_SETLINEBUF # define HAVE_VFPRINTF # define HAVE_STRERROR # define HAVE_GETGROUPS # define VOID_SIGHANDLER # define USE_TERMCAP_EMULATION # if !defined (__GNUC__) # define SYSDEP_CFLAGS -DNLS -D_BSD # endif /* !__GNUC__ */ # undef HAVE_ALLOCA # undef USE_GNU_MALLOC #endif /* __alpha || alpha */ /* ************************ */ /* */ /* Ultrix */ /* */ /* ************************ */ #if defined (ultrix) # if defined (MIPSEL) # undef HAVE_ALLOCA_H # define M_MACHINE "MIPSEL" # else /* !MIPSEL */ # define M_MACHINE "vax" # endif /* !MIPSEL */ # define SYSDEP_CFLAGS -DBSD_GETPGRP -DTERMIOS_MISSING -DTERMIOS_LDISC \ -DINT_GROUPS_ARRAY # define M_OS "Ultrix" # define HAVE_DIRENT # define VOID_SIGHANDLER # define HAVE_SYS_SIGLIST # define HAVE_SETLINEBUF # define HAVE_VFPRINTF # define HAVE_GETGROUPS # undef HAVE_DUP2 #endif /* ultrix */ /* ************************ */ /* */ /* VAX 4.3 BSD */ /* */ /* ************************ */ #if defined (vax) && !defined (ultrix) # define M_MACHINE "vax" # define M_OS "Bsd" # define HAVE_SETLINEBUF # define HAVE_SYS_SIGLIST # define HAVE_GETGROUPS # define USE_VFPRINTF_EMULATION #endif /* vax && !ultrix */ /* ************************ */ /* */ /* Tahoe 4.3 BSD */ /* */ /* ************************ */ #if defined (tahoe) # define M_MACHINE "tahoe" # define M_OS "Bsd" # define HAVE_SETLINEBUF # define HAVE_SYS_SIGLIST # define HAVE_GETGROUPS # define HAVE_VFPRINTF #endif /* tahoe */ /* **************************************************************** */ /* */ /* Machines with MIPSco processors */ /* */ /* **************************************************************** */ /* **************************************** */ /* */ /* SGI Iris/IRIX */ /* */ /* **************************************** */ #if defined (sgi) # if defined (Irix3) # define M_OS "Irix3" # if !defined (HAVE_GCC) # undef MACHINE_CFLAGS # define MACHINE_CFLAGS -real_frameptr -Wf,-XNl3072 # endif # undef HAVE_ALLOCA # endif /* Irix3 */ # if defined (Irix4) # define M_OS "Irix4" # if !defined (HAVE_GCC) # undef MACHINE_CFLAGS # define MACHINE_CFLAGS -Wf,-XNl3072 # endif # endif /* Irix4 */ # if defined (Irix5) # define M_OS "Irix5" # if !defined (HAVE_GCC) # undef MACHINE_CFLAGS # define MACHINE_CFLAGS -Wf,-XNl3072 # endif # endif /* Irix5 */ # define M_MACHINE "sgi" # define HAVE_GETGROUPS # define VOID_SIGHANDLER # define HAVE_SYS_SIGLIST # define HAVE_SETLINEBUF # define HAVE_VFPRINTF # define REQUIRED_LIBRARIES -lsun /* SGI cc uses ansi c features *without* defining __STDC__ */ # if defined (__EXTENSIONS__) && !defined (__STDC__) # define ANSIC -D__STDC__ # else # define ANSIC # endif /* !__EXTENSIONS__ || __STDC__ */ # if defined (Irix5) # define SGI_CFLAGS -DUSG -DPGRP_PIPE -DHAVE_BCOPY -DHAVE_GETPW_DECLS \ -DHAVE_SOCKETS -DNO_SBRK_DECL # else # define SGI_CFLAGS -DUSG -DPGRP_PIPE -DHAVE_BCOPY -DHAVE_GETPW_DECLS \ -DHAVE_SOCKETS # endif /* !Irix5 */ # define SYSDEP_CFLAGS SGI_CFLAGS MACHINE_CFLAGS ANSIC #endif /* sgi */ /* ************************ */ /* */ /* NEC EWS 4800 */ /* */ /* ************************ */ #if defined (nec_ews) # if defined (SYSTYPE_SYSV) || defined (USGr4) # define M_MACHINE "ews4800" # define M_OS "USG" # define HAVE_VFPRINTF # define VOID_SIGHANDLER # define HAVE_STRERROR # define HAVE_DUP2 # undef HAVE_GETWD # undef HAVE_RESOURCE /* ? */ /* Alloca requires either Gcc or cc with -lucb. */ # if !defined (HAVE_GCC) # define EXTRA_LIB_SEARCH_PATH /usr/ucblib # define REQUIRED_LIBRARIES -lc -lucb # endif /* !HAVE_GCC */ # if defined (MIPSEB) # if !defined (HAVE_GCC) # undef MACHINE_CFLAGS # define MACHINE_CFLAGS -Wf,-XNl3072 # endif # define SYSDEP_CFLAGS MACHINE_CFLAGS -DUSGr4 -DUSGr3 -D_POSIX_JOB_CONTROL # else /* !MIPSEB */ # define SYSDEP_CFLAGS -DUSGr4 # endif /* MIPSEB */ # else /* !SYSTYPE_SYSV && !USGr4 */ # define M_OS "Bsd" # endif /* !SYSTYPE_SYSV && !USGr4 */ # define HAVE_SYS_SIGLIST # define HAVE_SETLINEBUF # define HAVE_GETGROUPS #endif /* nec_ews */ /* ************************ */ /* */ /* Generic MIPS SVR4, 4.2 */ /* */ /* ************************ */ #if defined (MIPSEB) && defined (USGr4) # define M_MACHINE "MIPSEB" # define M_OS "USG" # if defined (sony) && !defined (HAVE_GCC) # undef MACHINE_CFLAGS # define MACHINE_CFLAGS -Wf,-XNl3072 # endif /* XXX - os/svr4.h -- for the future -- XXX */ # undef HAVE_GETWD # define HAVE_DIRENT # define HAVE_STRERROR # define HAVE_VFPRINTF # define VOID_SIGHANDLER # define HAVE_SYS_SIGLIST # define HAVE_SETLINEBUF # define HAVE_GETGROUPS /* alloca */ # if !defined (HAVE_GCC) # define EXTRA_LIB_SEARCH_PATH /usr/ucblib # define REQUIRED_LIBRARIES -lc -lucb # endif /* !HAVE_GCC */ # if defined (USGr4_2) # define SYSDEP_CFLAGS MACHINE_CFLAGS -DUSGr4 -DUSGr4_2 # else # define SYSDEP_CFLAGS MACHINE_CFLAGS -DUSGr4 # endif /* !USGr4_2 */ #endif /* ************************ */ /* */ /* Sony */ /* */ /* ************************ */ #if defined (sony) && !defined (M_MACHINE) # if defined (MIPSEB) # define M_MACHINE "MIPSEB" # else /* !MIPSEB */ # define M_MACHINE "sony" # endif /* !MIPSEB */ # if defined (SYSTYPE_SYSV) || defined (USGr4) # define M_OS "USG" # undef HAVE_GETWD # define HAVE_DIRENT # define HAVE_STRERROR # define HAVE_VFPRINTF # define VOID_SIGHANDLER /* Alloca requires either Gcc or cc with -lucb. */ # if !defined (HAVE_GCC) # define EXTRA_LIB_SEARCH_PATH /usr/ucblib # define REQUIRED_LIBRARIES -lc -lucb # endif /* !HAVE_GCC */ # if defined (MIPSEB) # if !defined (HAVE_GCC) # undef MACHINE_CFLAGS # define MACHINE_CFLAGS -Wf,-XNl3072 # endif # define SYSDEP_CFLAGS MACHINE_CFLAGS -DUSGr4 # else /* !MIPSEB */ # define SYSDEP_CFLAGS -DUSGr4 # endif /* !MIPSEB */ # else /* !SYSTYPE_SYSV && !USGr4 */ # define M_OS "Bsd" # define SYSDEP_CFLAGS -DHAVE_UID_T # endif /* !SYSTYPE_SYSV && !USGr4 */ # define HAVE_SYS_SIGLIST # define HAVE_SETLINEBUF # define HAVE_GETGROUPS #endif /* sony */ /* ******************************* */ /* */ /* Ardent Titan OS v2.2 and later */ /* */ /* ******************************* */ #if defined (ardent) # define M_MACHINE "Ardent Titan" # define M_OS "Bsd" # if defined (titan) # undef HAVE_GETGROUPS # else # define HAVE_GETGROUPS # endif /* !titan */ # define HAVE_SYS_SIGLIST # define HAVE_SETLINEBUF # define SYSDEP_CFLAGS -43 -w # define SYSDEP_LDFLAGS -43 # undef HAVE_ALLOCA # undef USE_GNU_MALLOC # undef HAVE_VFPRINTF # undef HAVE_DIRENT_H #endif /* ardent */ /* ************************ */ /* */ /* Stardent */ /* */ /* ************************ */ #if defined (stardent) && !defined (M_MACHINE) # define M_MACHINE "Stardent" # define M_OS "USG" # define HAVE_SYS_SIGLIST # define USE_TERMCAP_EMULATION # define VOID_SIGHANDLER # undef HAVE_GETWD # undef HAVE_ALLOCA #endif /* stardent */ /* ******************************** */ /* */ /* MIPS RISC/os */ /* */ /* ******************************** */ /* Notes on compiling with "make": * Place /bsd43/bin in your PATH before /bin. * Use `$(CC) -E' instead of `/lib/cpp' in Makefile. */ #if defined (mips) && (!defined (M_MACHINE) || defined (RiscOS)) # if defined (MIPSEB) # define M_MACHINE "MIPSEB" # else /* !MIPSEB */ # if defined (MIPSEL) # define M_MACHINE "MIPSEL" # else /* !MIPSEL */ # define M_MACHINE "mips" # endif /* !MIPSEL */ # endif /* !MIPSEB */ # define M_OS "Bsd" /* Special things for machines from MIPS Co. */ # define MIPS_CFLAGS -DOPENDIR_NOT_ROBUST -DPGRP_PIPE # if !defined (HAVE_GCC) # undef MACHINE_CFLAGS # define MACHINE_CFLAGS -Wf,-XNl3072 -systype bsd43 # endif /* !HAVE_GCC */ # define SYSDEP_CFLAGS MACHINE_CFLAGS MIPS_CFLAGS # define HAVE_SYS_SIGLIST # define HAVE_SETLINEBUF # define HAVE_VFPRINTF # define HAVE_GETGROUPS # undef HAVE_UNISTD_H # if !defined (HAVE_RESOURCE) # define HAVE_RESOURCE # endif /* !HAVE_RESOURCE */ /* /usr/include/sys/wait.h appears not to work correctly, so why use it? */ # undef HAVE_WAIT_H #endif /* mips */ /* ************************ */ /* */ /* Pyramid */ /* */ /* ************************ */ #if defined (pyr) # define M_MACHINE "Pyramid" # define M_OS "Bsd" # if !defined (HAVE_GCC) # undef HAVE_ALLOCA # endif /* HAVE_GCC */ # define HAVE_SYS_SIGLIST # define HAVE_SETLINEBUF # define HAVE_GETGROUPS #endif /* pyr */ /* ************************ */ /* */ /* IBMRT */ /* */ /* ************************ */ #if defined (ibm032) # define M_MACHINE "IBMRT" # define M_OS "Bsd" # define HAVE_SYS_SIGLIST # define HAVE_SETLINEBUF # define USE_VFPRINTF_EMULATION /* Alloca requires either gcc or hc or pcc with -ma in SYSDEP_CFLAGS. */ # if !defined (HAVE_GCC) # define SYSDEP_CFLAGS -ma -U__STDC__ # endif /* !HAVE_GCC */ # define HAVE_GETGROUPS /* #define USE_GNU_TERMCAP */ #endif /* ibm032 */ /* **************************************************************** */ /* */ /* All Intel 386 Processor Machines are Defined Here! */ /* */ /* **************************************************************** */ #if defined (i386) /* Sequent Symmetry running Dynix/ptx 2.x */ # if !defined (done386) && defined (_SEQUENT_) # define done386 # define M_MACHINE "Symmetry" # define M_OS "Dynix" # define DYNIX_CFLAGS -DHAVE_GETDTABLESIZE -DHAVE_SETDTABLESIZE \ -DHAVE_GETPW_DECLS -DHAVE_SOCKETS # define SYSDEP_CFLAGS -DUSG -DUSGr3 DYNIX_CFLAGS # define HAVE_DIRENT # define HAVE_VFPRINTF # define VOID_SIGHANDLER /* Might need to add -lsocket -linet -lnsl to the list of libraries. */ # define REQUIRED_LIBRARIES -lPW -lseq # undef HAVE_GETWD # undef HAVE_RESOURCE # undef HAVE_ALLOCA # endif /* _SEQUENT_ */ /* Sequent Symmetry running Dynix (4.2 BSD) */ # if !defined (done386) && defined (sequent) # define done386 # define M_MACHINE "Symmetry" # define M_OS "Bsd" # define SYSDEP_CFLAGS -DCPCC -DHAVE_SETDTABLESIZE # define HAVE_SETLINEBUF # define HAVE_SYS_SIGLIST # define HAVE_GETGROUPS # define LD_HAS_NO_DASH_L # undef HAVE_DUP2 # endif /* Sequent 386 */ /* NeXT 3.x on i386 */ # if !defined (done386) && defined (NeXT) # define done386 # define M_MACHINE "i386" # define M_OS "NeXTstep" # define HAVE_VFPRINTF # define HAVE_SYS_SIGLIST # define HAVE_GETGROUPS # define HAVE_STRERROR # define VOID_SIGHANDLER # if !defined (HAVE_RESOURCE) # define HAVE_RESOURCE # endif # define HAVE_STRCASECMP # define GCC_STANDARD # undef HAVE_GETWD # undef HAVE_GETCWD # undef USE_GNU_MALLOC # undef HAVE_DIRENT_H # define SYSDEP_CFLAGS -DNeXT -DMKFIFO_MISSING -DRLOGIN_PGRP_BUG # endif /* Generic 386 clone running Mach (4.3 BSD-compatible). */ # if !defined (done386) && defined (MACH) # define done386 # define M_MACHINE "i386" # define M_OS "Bsd" # define HAVE_SETLINEBUF # define HAVE_SYS_SIGLIST # define HAVE_GETGROUPS # endif /* i386 && MACH */ /* AIX PS/2 1.[23] for the [34]86. */ # if !defined (done386) && defined (aixpc) # define done386 # define M_MACHINE "aixpc" # define M_OS "AIX" # define HAVE_VFPRINTF # define VOID_SIGHANDLER # if defined (AIX_13) /* AIX PS/2 1.3 */ # define SYSDEP_CFLAGS -DTERMIOS_LDISC # define REQUIRED_LIBRARIES -lc_s # else # define SYSDEP_CFLAGS -D_BSD -DTERMIOS_LDISC # define REQUIRED_LIBRARIES -lbsd -lc_s # endif /* !AIX_13 */ # define HAVE_GETGROUPS # if !defined (HAVE_GCC) # undef HAVE_ALLOCA # undef HAVE_ALLOCA_H # endif /* !HAVE_GCC */ # define USE_TERMCAP_EMULATION # endif /* AIXPC i386 */ /* System V Release 4 on the 386 */ # if !defined (done386) && defined (USGr4) # define done386 # define M_MACHINE "i386" # define M_OS "USG" # define HAVE_DIRENT # define HAVE_SYS_SIGLIST # define HAVE_VFPRINTF # define VOID_SIGHANDLER /* Alloca requires either Gcc or cc with -lucb. */ # if !defined (HAVE_GCC) # define EXTRA_LIB_SEARCH_PATH /usr/ucblib # define REQUIRED_LIBRARIES -lc -lucb # endif /* !HAVE_GCC */ # define HAVE_GETGROUPS # if defined (USGr4_2) # define SYSDEP_CFLAGS -DUSGr4 -DUSGr4_2 -DNO_SBRK_DECL # else # define SYSDEP_CFLAGS -DUSGr4 # endif /* ! USGr4_2 */ # undef HAVE_GETWD # endif /* System V Release 4 on i386 */ /* 386 box running Interactive Unix 2.2 or greater. */ # if !defined (done386) && defined (isc386) # define done386 # define M_MACHINE "isc386" # define M_OS "USG" # define HAVE_DIRENT # define HAVE_VFPRINTF # define VOID_SIGHANDLER # define HAVE_GETGROUPS # define USE_TERMCAP_EMULATION # if defined (HAVE_GCC) # define SYSDEP_LDFLAGS -posix # define ISC_POSIX # else # define REQUIRED_LIBRARIES -lPW # define SYSDEP_LDFLAGS -Xp # define ISC_POSIX -Xp # endif # define ISC_SYSDEPS -DUSGr3 -DPGRP_PIPE -DHAVE_GETPW_DECLS -D_POSIX_SOURCE -DOPENDIR_NOT_ROBUST -DMEMMOVE_MISSING # if defined (__STDC__) # if defined (HAVE_GCC) # define ISC_EXTRA -DO_NDELAY=O_NONBLOCK # else # define ISC_EXTRA -Dmode_t="unsigned short" -DO_NDELAY=O_NONBLOCK # endif /* HAVE_GCC */ # else # define ISC_EXTRA # endif /* __STDC__ */ # define SYSDEP_CFLAGS ISC_SYSDEPS ISC_POSIX ISC_EXTRA # undef HAVE_GETWD # if !defined (ISC_4) # undef HAVE_GETCWD # else # undef HAVE_RESOURCE # endif /* ISC_4 */ # endif /* isc386 */ /* Xenix386 machine (with help from Ronald Khoo ). */ # if !defined (done386) && defined (Xenix386) # define done386 # define M_MACHINE "i386" # define M_OS "Xenix" # define XENIX_CFLAGS -DUSG -DUSGr3 -DMEMMOVE_MISSING # if defined (XENIX_22) # define XENIX_EXTRA -DREVERSED_SETVBUF_ARGS # define REQUIRED_LIBRARIES -lx # else /* !XENIX_22 */ # define HAVE_DIRENT # if defined (XENIX_23) # define XENIX_EXTRA -DLD_HAS_NO_DASH_L # define REQUIRED_LIBRARIES -ldir # else /* !XENIX_23 */ # define XENIX_EXTRA -xenix # define SYSDEP_LDFLAGS -xenix # define REQUIRED_LIBRARIES -ldir -l2.3 # endif /* !XENIX_23 */ # endif /* !XENIX_22 */ # define SYSDEP_CFLAGS XENIX_CFLAGS XENIX_EXTRA # define HAVE_VFPRINTF # define VOID_SIGHANDLER # define ALLOCA_ASM x386-alloca.s # define ALLOCA_OBJ x386-alloca.o # undef HAVE_ALLOCA # undef HAVE_GETWD # undef HAVE_RESOURCE # endif /* Xenix386 */ /* SCO UNIX 3.2 chip@count.tct.com (Chip Salzenberg) */ # if !defined (done386) && defined (M_UNIX) # define done386 # define M_MACHINE "i386" # define M_OS "SCO" # define SCO_CFLAGS -DUSG -DUSGr3 -DPGRP_PIPE # if defined (SCOv4) # define SYSDEP_CFLAGS SCO_CFLAGS # else /* !SCOv4 */ # define SYSDEP_CFLAGS SCO_CFLAGS -DOPENDIR_NOT_ROBUST # endif /* !SCOv4 */ # define HAVE_VFPRINTF # define VOID_SIGHANDLER # define HAVE_GETGROUPS # undef HAVE_GETWD # undef HAVE_RESOURCE /* advice from wbader@cess.lehigh.edu and Eduard.Vopicka@vse.cz */ # if !defined (HAVE_GCC) # define REQUIRED_LIBRARIES -lc_s -lc -lPW # else # define REQUIRED_LIBRARIES -lc_s -lc # endif /* !HAVE_GCC */ # endif /* SCO Unix on 386 boxes. */ # if !defined (done386) && defined (__OSF1__) # define done386 # define M_MACHINE "i386" # define M_OS "OSF1" # define HAVE_SYS_SIGLIST # define HAVE_SETLINEBUF # define HAVE_VFPRINTF # define HAVE_STRERROR # define HAVE_GETGROUPS # define VOID_SIGHANDLER # define HAVE_BCOPY # define USE_TERMCAP_EMULATION # define SYSDEP_CFLAGS -D_BSD # define REQUIRED_LIBRARIES -lbsd # endif /* OSF/1 */ /* BSDI BSD/386 running on a 386 or 486. */ # if !defined (done386) && defined (__bsdi__) # define done386 # define M_MACHINE "i386" # define M_OS "BSD386" # define SYSDEP_CFLAGS -DOPENDIR_NOT_ROBUST -DINT_GROUPS_ARRAY # define HAVE_SYS_SIGLIST # define HAVE_SETLINEBUF # define HAVE_GETGROUPS # define HAVE_VFPRINTF # define HAVE_STRERROR # define VOID_SIGHANDLER # define HAVE_DIRENT # define HAVE_STRCASECMP # endif /* !done386 && bsdi */ /* NetBSD running on a 386 or 486. */ # if !defined (done386) && defined (__NetBSD__) # define done386 # define M_MACHINE "i386" # define M_OS "NetBSD" # define SYSDEP_CFLAGS -DOPENDIR_NOT_ROBUST -DINT_GROUPS_ARRAY \ -DRLIMTYPE=quad_t # define HAVE_SYS_SIGLIST # define HAVE_SETLINEBUF # define HAVE_GETGROUPS # define HAVE_VFPRINTF # define HAVE_STRERROR # define VOID_SIGHANDLER # define HAVE_DIRENT # define HAVE_STRCASECMP # endif /* !done386 && __NetBSD__ */ /* FreeBSD running on a 386 or 486. */ # if !defined (done386) && defined (__FreeBSD__) # define done386 # define M_MACHINE "i386" # define M_OS "FreeBSD" # if __FreeBSD__ > 1 # define SYSDEP_CFLAGS -D__BSD_4_4__ -DRLIMTYPE=quad_t # else # define SYSDEP_CFLAGS -DOPENDIR_NOT_ROBUST -DINT_GROUPS_ARRAY # endif # define HAVE_SYS_SIGLIST # define HAVE_SETLINEBUF # define HAVE_GETGROUPS # define HAVE_VFPRINTF # define HAVE_STRERROR # define VOID_SIGHANDLER # define HAVE_DIRENT # define HAVE_STRCASECMP # define GCC_STANDARD # endif /* !done386 && __FreeBSD__ */ /* Jolitz 386BSD running on a 386 or 486. */ # if !defined (done386) && defined (__386BSD__) # define done386 # define M_MACHINE "i386" # define M_OS "_386BSD" # define SYSDEP_CFLAGS -DOPENDIR_NOT_ROBUST -DINT_GROUPS_ARRAY # define HAVE_SYS_SIGLIST # define HAVE_SETLINEBUF # define HAVE_GETGROUPS # define HAVE_VFPRINTF # define HAVE_STRERROR # define VOID_SIGHANDLER # define HAVE_DIRENT # define HAVE_STRCASECMP # endif /* !done386 && __386BSD__ */ # if !defined (done386) && (defined (__linux__) || defined (linux)) # define done386 # define M_MACHINE "i386" # define M_OS "Linux" # define SYSDEP_CFLAGS -DUSG -DUSGr3 -DHAVE_GETDTABLESIZE -DHAVE_BCOPY \ -DHAVE_GETPW_DECLS -DHAVE_GETHOSTNAME # define REQUIRED_LIBRARIES # define HAVE_GETGROUPS # define HAVE_STRERROR # define VOID_SIGHANDLER # define HAVE_SYS_SIGLIST # define HAVE_VFPRINTF # define HAVE_VARARGS_H # define SEARCH_LIB_NEEDS_SPACE # if defined (__GNUC__) # define HAVE_FIXED_INCLUDES # endif /* __GNUC__ */ # undef USE_GNU_MALLOC # undef HAVE_SETLINEBUF # undef HAVE_GETWD # endif /* !done386 && __linux__ */ /* QNX 4.2 with GCC pt@flard.ocunix.on.ca (Paul Trunley) */ # if !defined (done386) && defined (qnx) # define done386 # define M_MACHINE "i386" # define M_OS "QNX" # define SYSDEP_CFLAGS -D_POSIX_SOURCE -O2 -DUSG # define HAVE_VFPRINTF # define VOID_SIGHANDLER # define HAVE_GCC # define HAVE_FIXED_INCLUDES # define HAVE_STRERROR # define HAVE_GETGROUPS # undef USE_GNU_MALLOC # endif /* QNX 4.2 with GCC */ /* Lynx 2.1.0 (Mike Brennen ) */ # if !defined (done386) && (defined (__Lynx__) || defined (Lynx)) # define done386 # define M_MACHINE "i386" # define M_OS "Lynx" # define SYSDEP_CFLAGS -DHAVE_GETDTABLESIZE -DHAVE_BCOPY # define REQUIRED_LIBRARIES -lc_p # define HAVE_GETGROUPS # define VOID_SIGHANDLER # define HAVE_SYS_SIGLIST # define HAVE_VFPRINTF # define HAVE_VARARGS_H # if defined (__GNUC__) # define HAVE_FIXED_INCLUDES # endif /* __GNUC__ */ /* Actually, Lynx does have unistd.h, but it defines _POSIX_VERSION, and doesn't supply a fully compatible job control package. We just pretend that it doesn't have it. */ # undef HAVE_UNISTD_H /* Lynx's wait structure reverses w_Stopval and w_Stopsig - don't use it */ # undef HAVE_WAIT_H # undef HAVE_DIRENT_H # endif /* !done386 && __Lynx__ */ /* Assume a generic 386 running Sys V Release 3. */ # if !defined (done386) # define done386 # define M_MACHINE "i386" # define M_OS "USG" # define SYSDEP_CFLAGS -DUSGr3 # define HAVE_VFPRINTF # define VOID_SIGHANDLER /* Alloca requires either Gcc or cc with libPW.a */ # if !defined (HAVE_GCC) # define REQUIRED_LIBRARIES -lPW # endif /* !HAVE_GCC */ # undef HAVE_GETWD # endif /* Generic i386 Box running Sys V release 3. */ #endif /* All i386 Machines with an `i386' define in cpp. */ /* **************************************************************** */ /* */ /* Alliant FX/800 */ /* */ /* **************************************************************** */ /* Original descs flushed. FX/2800 machine desc 1.13 bfox@ai.mit.edu. Do NOT use -O with the stock compilers. If you must optimize, use -uniproc with fxc, and avoid using scc. */ #if defined (alliant) # define M_MACHINE "alliant" # define M_OS "Concentrix" # define HAVE_SYS_SIGLIST # define HAVE_SETLINEBUF # define HAVE_GETGROUPS # define HAVE_VFPRINTF # define HAVE_RESOURCE # define VOID_SIGHANDLER # define HAVE_STRERROR # define USE_GNU_MALLOC # define LD_HAS_NO_DASH_L # define SYSDEP_CFLAGS -DTERMIOS_MISSING -DMKFIFO_MISSING \ -DBSD_GETPGRP -DRLOGIN_PGRP_BUG -w /* Actually, Alliant does have unistd.h, but it defines _POSIX_VERSION, and doesn't supply a fully compatible job control package. We just pretend that it doesn't have it. */ # undef HAVE_UNISTD_H # undef HAVE_ALLOCA #endif /* alliant */ /* **************************************************************** */ /* */ /* Motorola Delta series running System V R3V6/7 */ /* */ /* **************************************************************** */ /* Contributed by Robert L. McMillin (rlm@ms_aspen.hac.com). */ #if defined (m68k) && defined (sysV68) # define M_MACHINE "Delta" # define M_OS "USG" # define SYSDEP_CFLAGS -DUSGr3 # define VOID_SIGHANDLER # define HAVE_VFPRINTF # define REQUIRED_LIBRARIES -lm881 # undef HAVE_GETWD # undef HAVE_RESOURCE # undef HAVE_DUP2 # undef HAVE_ALLOCA #endif /* Delta series */ /* **************************************************************** */ /* */ /* Gould 9000 - UTX/32 R2.1A */ /* */ /* **************************************************************** */ #if defined (gould) /* Maybe should be GOULD_PN ? */ # define M_MACHINE "gould" # define M_OS "Bsd" # define HAVE_SYS_SIGLIST # define HAVE_SETLINEBUF # define HAVE_GETGROUPS #endif /* gould */ /* ************************ */ /* */ /* NeXT */ /* */ /* ************************ */ #if defined (NeXT) && !defined (M_MACHINE) # define M_MACHINE "NeXT" # define M_OS "NeXTstep" # define HAVE_VFPRINTF # define HAVE_SYS_SIGLIST # define HAVE_GETGROUPS # define HAVE_STRERROR # define VOID_SIGHANDLER # if !defined (HAVE_RESOURCE) # define HAVE_RESOURCE # endif # define HAVE_STRCASECMP # define GCC_STANDARD # undef HAVE_GETWD # undef HAVE_GETCWD # undef HAVE_DIRENT_H # define SYSDEP_CFLAGS -DMKFIFO_MISSING -DRLOGIN_PGRP_BUG # undef USE_GNU_MALLOC #endif /* NeXT */ /* ********************** */ /* */ /* m68k NetBSD */ /* */ /* ********************** */ #if defined (m68k) && defined (__NetBSD__) # include # define M_MACHINE MACHINE # define M_OS "NetBSD" /* os/netbsd.h */ # define SYSDEP_CFLAGS -DOPENDIR_NOT_ROBUST -DINT_GROUPS_ARRAY \ -DRLIMTYPE=quad_t # define HAVE_SYS_SIGLIST # define HAVE_SETLINEBUF # define HAVE_GETGROUPS # define HAVE_VFPRINTF # define HAVE_STRERROR # define VOID_SIGHANDLER # define HAVE_DIRENT # define HAVE_STRCASECMP #endif /* m68k && __NetBSD__ */ /* ************************ */ /* */ /* hp9000 4.4 BSD */ /* */ /* ************************ */ #if defined (hp9000) && defined (__BSD_4_4__) # define M_MACHINE "hp9000" # define M_OS "BSD_4_4" # define HAVE_SYS_SIGLIST # define HAVE_SETLINEBUF # define HAVE_GETGROUPS # define HAVE_STRERROR # define HAVE_VFPRINTF # define VOID_SIGHANDLER # define HAVE_STRCASECMP # define SYSDEP_CFLAGS -DHAVE_GETDTABLESIZE -DHAVE_BCOPY -DHAVE_RESOURCE # undef HAVE_ALLOCA #endif /* hp9000 && __BSD_4_4__ */ /* ************************ */ /* */ /* hp9000 4.3 BSD */ /* */ /* ************************ */ #if defined (hp9000) && !defined (hpux) && !defined (M_MACHINE) # define M_MACHINE "hp9000" # define M_OS "Bsd" # undef HAVE_ALLOCA # define HAVE_SYS_SIGLIST # define HAVE_SETLINEBUF # define HAVE_GETGROUPS # define USE_VFPRINTF_EMULATION #endif /* hp9000 && !hpux */ /* ************************ */ /* */ /* hpux */ /* */ /* ************************ */ #if defined (hpux) /* HPUX comes in several different flavors, from pre-release 6.2 (basically straight USG), to Posix compliant 9.0. */ /* HP machines come in several processor types. They are distinguished here. */ # if defined (hp9000s200) && !defined (hp9000s300) # define M_MACHINE "hp9000s200" # endif /* hp9000s200 */ # if defined (hp9000s300) && !defined (M_MACHINE) # define M_MACHINE "hp9000s300" # endif /* hp9000s300 */ # if defined (hp9000s500) && !defined (M_MACHINE) # define M_MACHINE "hp9000s500" # endif /* hp9000s500 */ # if defined (hp9000s700) && !defined (M_MACHINE) # define M_MACHINE "hp9000s700" # endif /* hp9000s700 */ # if defined (hp9000s800) && !defined (M_MACHINE) # define M_MACHINE "hp9000s800" # endif /* hp9000s800 */ # if defined (hppa) && !defined (M_MACHINE) # define M_MACHINE "hppa" # endif /* hppa */ /* Define the OS as the particular type that we are using. */ /* This is for HP-UX systems earlier than HP-UX 6.2 -- no job control. */ # if defined (HPUX_USG) # define M_OS "USG" # define HPUX_CFLAGS -Dhpux # define REQUIRED_LIBRARIES -lPW -lBSD # undef HAVE_WAIT_H # define HPUX_EXTRA # else /* !HPUX_USG */ /* All of the other operating systems need HPUX to be defined. */ # define HPUX_EXTRA -DHPUX -Dhpux -DHAVE_GETHOSTNAME -DUSG /* HPUX 6.2 .. 6.5 require -lBSD for getwd (), and -lPW for alloca (). */ # if defined (HPUX_6) # define M_OS "hpux_6" # define REQUIRED_LIBRARIES -lPW -lBSD # undef HAVE_ALLOCA # undef HAVE_WAIT_H # endif /* HPUX_6 */ /* On HP-UX 7.x, we do not link with -lBSD, so we don't have getwd (). */ # if defined (HPUX_7) # define M_OS "hpux_7" # define REQUIRED_LIBRARIES -lPW # define HPUX_CFLAGS -DHAVE_SOCKETS # undef HAVE_GETWD # undef USE_GNU_MALLOC # endif /* HPUX_7 */ /* HP-UX 8.x systems do not have a working alloca () on all platforms. This can cause us problems, especially when globbing. HP has the same YP bug as Sun, so we #undef USE_GNU_MALLOC. */ # if defined (HPUX_8) # define M_OS "hpux_8" # if !defined (__GNUC__) # undef HAVE_ALLOCA # define HPUX_ANSI +O3 -Aa -D_HPUX_SOURCE # else # define HPUX_ANSI # endif # undef HAVE_GETWD # undef USE_GNU_MALLOC # define HPUX_CFLAGS -DNO_SBRK_DECL -DHAVE_SOCKETS HPUX_ANSI # endif /* HPUX_8 */ /* HP-UX 9.0 reportedly fixes the alloca problems present in the 8.0 release. If so, -lPW is required to include it. */ # if defined (HPUX_9) # define M_OS "hpux_9" # if !defined (__GNUC__) # undef HAVE_ALLOCA # define HPUX_ANSI +O3 -Ae # else # define HPUX_ANSI # endif # undef HAVE_GETWD # undef USE_GNU_MALLOC # undef HAVE_RESOURCE # define HPUX_CFLAGS -DNO_SBRK_DECL -DHAVE_SOCKETS -DHAVE_GETHOSTNAME HPUX_ANSI # endif /* HPUX_9 */ # endif /* !HPUX_USG */ /* All of the HPUX systems that we have tested have the following. */ # define HAVE_DIRENT # define HAVE_VFPRINTF # define VOID_SIGHANDLER # define HAVE_GETGROUPS # define HAVE_STRERROR # define USE_TERMCAP_EMULATION # define SEARCH_LIB_NEEDS_SPACE # if defined (HPUX_CFLAGS) # define SYSDEP_CFLAGS HPUX_CFLAGS HPUX_EXTRA # else /* !HPUX_CFLAGS */ # define SYSDEP_CFLAGS HPUX_EXTRA # endif /* !HPUX_CFLAGS */ #endif /* hpux */ /* ************************ */ /* */ /* MIPS OSF/1 */ /* */ /* ************************ */ # if defined (MIPSEL) && defined (__OSF1__) # define M_MACHINE "mips" # define M_OS "OSF1" # define HAVE_SYS_SIGLIST # define HAVE_SETLINEBUF # define HAVE_VFPRINTF # define HAVE_STRERROR # define HAVE_GETGROUPS # define VOID_SIGHANDLER # define HAVE_BCOPY # define USE_TERMCAP_EMULATION # define SYSDEP_CFLAGS -D_BSD # define REQUIRED_LIBRARIES -lbsd # endif /* MIPSEL && __OSF1__ */ /* ************************ */ /* */ /* HP OSF/1 */ /* */ /* ************************ */ #if defined (__hp_osf) # define M_MACHINE "HPOSF1" # define M_OS "OSF1" # define SYSDEP_CFLAGS -q no_sl_enable # define SYSDEP_LDFLAGS -q lang_level:classic # define REQUIRED_LIBRARIES -lPW # define HAVE_SETLINEBUF # define HAVE_VFPRINTF # define VOID_SIGHANDLER # define HAVE_GETGROUPS # define HAVE_STRERROR # undef HAVE_ALLOCA #endif /* __hp_osf */ /* ************************ */ /* */ /* KSR1 OSF/1 */ /* */ /* ************************ */ #if defined (__ksr1__) # define M_MACHINE "KSR1" # define M_OS "OSF1" # define HAVE_SETLINEBUF # define HAVE_VFPRINTF # define VOID_SIGHANDLER # define HAVE_GETGROUPS # define HAVE_STRERROR # define SYSDEP_CFLAGS -DHAVE_GETDTABLESIZE -DHAVE_BCOPY -DHAVE_UID_T # undef HAVE_ALLOCA # undef USE_GNU_MALLOC #endif /* ksr1 */ /* ************************ */ /* */ /* Intel Paragon - OSF/1 */ /* */ /* ************************ */ #if defined (__i860) && defined (__PARAGON__) # define M_MACHINE "Paragon" # define M_OS "OSF1" # define HAVE_GETGROUPS # define HAVE_SETLINEBUF # define HAVE_VFPRINTF # define VOID_SIGHANDLER # define HAVE_STRERROR # define HAVE_SYS_SIGLIST #endif /* __i860 && __PARAGON__ */ /* ************************ */ /* */ /* IBM AIX/ESA (OSF/1) */ /* */ /* ************************ */ #if defined(AIXESA) || (defined(__ibmesa) && defined(_AIX)) # define M_MACHINE "IBMESA" # define M_OS "OSF1" # define HAVE_GETGROUPS # define HAVE_SETLINEBUF # define HAVE_VPRINTF # define VOID_SIGHANDLER # define HAVE_STRERROR # define HAVE_SYS_SIGLIST # define HAVE_ALLOCA_H /* hack for AIX/ESA, which has malloc.h */ # undef USE_GNU_MALLOC #endif /* AIXESA || (__ibmesa && _AIX) */ /* ************************ */ /* */ /* Intel i860 -- SVR4 */ /* */ /* ************************ */ #if defined (__i860) && defined (USGr4) && !defined (M_MACHINE) # define M_MACHINE "i860" # define M_OS "USG" # define HAVE_DIRENT # define HAVE_SYS_SIGLIST # define HAVE_VFPRINTF # define VOID_SIGHANDLER # define HAVE_GETGROUPS # if !defined (HAVE_GCC) && !defined (HAVE_ALLOCA_H) # undef HAVE_ALLOCA # endif /* !HAVE_GCC && !HAVE_ALLOCA_H */ # if defined (USGr4_2) # define SYSDEP_CFLAGS -DUSGr4 -DUSGr4_2 # else # define SYSDEP_CFLAGS -DUSGr4 # endif /* ! USGr4_2 */ # undef HAVE_GETWD #endif /* __i860 && USGr4 */ /* ************************ */ /* */ /* Xenix286 */ /* */ /* ************************ */ #if defined (Xenix286) # define M_MACHINE "i286" # define M_OS "Xenix" # define XENIX_CFLAGS -DUSG -DUSGr3 -DMEMMOVE_MISSING # if defined (XENIX_22) # define XENIX_EXTRA -DREVERSED_SETVBUF_ARGS # define REQUIRED_LIBRARIES -lx # else /* !XENIX_22 */ # define HAVE_DIRENT # if defined (XENIX_23) # define XENIX_EXTRA -DLD_HAS_NO_DASH_L # define REQUIRED_LIBRARIES -ldir # else /* !XENIX_23 */ # define XENIX_EXTRA -xenix # define SYSDEP_LDFLAGS -xenix # define REQUIRED_LIBRARIES -ldir -l2.3 # endif /* !XENIX_23 */ # endif /* !XENIX_22 */ # define SYSDEP_CFLAGS XENIX_CFLAGS XENIX_EXTRA # undef HAVE_ALLOCA # undef HAVE_GETWD # undef HAVE_RESOURCE #endif /* Xenix286 */ /* ************************ */ /* */ /* convex */ /* */ /* ************************ */ #if defined (convex) # define M_MACHINE "convex" # define M_OS "Bsd" # undef HAVE_ALLOCA # define HAVE_SETLINEBUF # define HAVE_SYS_SIGLIST # define HAVE_GETGROUPS #endif /* convex */ /* ************************ */ /* */ /* AIX/RT */ /* */ /* ************************ */ #if defined (aix) && !defined (aixpc) # define M_MACHINE "AIXRT" # define M_OS "USG" # define HAVE_DIRENT # define HAVE_VFPRINTF # define HAVE_SYS_SIGLIST # define VOID_SIGHANDLER # define HAVE_GETGROUPS # define USE_TERMCAP_EMULATION # if !defined (HAVE_GCC) # undef MACHINE_CFLAGS # define MACHINE_CFLAGS -a # endif /* !HAVE_GCC */ # define SYSDEP_CFLAGS MACHINE_CFLAGS -DNLS -DUSGr3 -DHAVE_BCOPY # undef USE_GNU_MALLOC # undef HAVE_ALLOCA # undef HAVE_RESOURCE #endif /* aix && !aixpc */ /* **************************************** */ /* */ /* IBM RISC 6000 */ /* */ /* **************************************** */ #if defined (RISC6000) || defined (_IBMR2) # define M_MACHINE "RISC6000" # define M_OS "AIX" # define HAVE_DIRENT # define HAVE_SYS_SIGLIST # define HAVE_SETLINEBUF # define HAVE_VFPRINTF # define VOID_SIGHANDLER # define USE_TERMCAP_EMULATION # define HAVE_GETGROUPS # define SYSDEP_CFLAGS -DNLS -DUSGr3 -DHAVE_BCOPY # undef HAVE_ALLOCA # undef HAVE_GETWD # undef USE_GNU_MALLOC #endif /* RISC6000 */ /* **************************************** */ /* */ /* u370 IBM AIX/370 */ /* */ /* **************************************** */ #if defined (u370) # if defined (_AIX370) # define M_MACHINE "AIX370" # define M_OS "Bsd" # define REQUIRED_LIBRARIES -lbsd # define HAVE_SETLINEBUF # define HAVE_VFPRINTF # define SYSDEP_CFLAGS -D_BSD # define HAVE_GETGROUPS # define USE_TERMCAP_EMULATION # undef USE_GNU_MALLOC # endif /* _AIX370 */ # if defined (USGr4) /* System V Release 4 on 370 series architecture. */ # define M_MACHINE "uxp" # define M_OS "USG" # define HAVE_DIRENT # define HAVE_SYS_SIGLIST # define HAVE_VFPRINTF # define USE_GNU_MALLOC # define VOID_SIGHANDLER # if !defined (HAVE_GCC) # undef HAVE_ALLOCA # define EXTRA_LIB_SEARCH_PATH /usr/ucblib # define REQUIRED_LIBRARIES -lc -lucb # endif /* !HAVE_GCC */ # define HAVE_GETGROUPS # define HAVE_RESOURCE # define SYSDEP_CFLAGS -DUSGr4 -DNO_SBRK_DECL # endif /* USGr4 */ #endif /* u370 */ /* ************************ */ /* */ /* ATT 3B */ /* */ /* ************************ */ #if defined (att3b) || defined (u3b2) # if defined (att3b) # define M_MACHINE "att3b" # define HAVE_SYS_SIGLIST # else /* !att3b */ # define M_MACHINE "u3b2" # endif /* !att3b */ # define M_OS "USG" # undef HAVE_GETWD # define HAVE_VFPRINTF # define VOID_SIGHANDLER /* For an AT&T Unix before V.3 take out the -DUSGr3 and the HAVE_DIRENT. */ # define SYSDEP_CFLAGS -DUSGr3 # define HAVE_DIRENT /* Alloca requires either Gcc or cc with libPW.a. */ # if !defined (HAVE_GCC) # define REQUIRED_LIBRARIES -lPW # endif /* !HAVE_GCC */ #endif /* att3b */ /* ************************ */ /* */ /* ATT 386 */ /* */ /* ************************ */ #if defined (att386) # define M_MACHINE "att386" # define M_OS "USG" # undef HAVE_GETWD /* Alloca requires either Gcc or cc with libPW.a. */ # if !defined (HAVE_GCC) # define REQUIRED_LIBRARIES -lPW # endif /* HAVE_GCC */ # define HAVE_SYS_SIGLIST # define HAVE_VFPRINTF # define VOID_SIGHANDLER /* For an AT&T Unix before V.3 take out the -DUSGr3 and the HAVE_DIRENT. */ # define SYSDEP_CFLAGS -DUSGr3 # define HAVE_DIRENT #endif /* att386 */ /* ************************ */ /* */ /* ATT UNIX PC */ /* */ /* ************************ */ #if defined (unixpc) # define M_MACHINE "unixpc" # define M_OS "USG" # define HAVE_VFPRINTF # define HAVE_DIRENT # if defined (HAVE_GCC) # define REQUIRED_LIBRARIES -ldirent -shlib # else /* !HAVE_GCC */ # define REQUIRED_LIBRARIES -ldirent # endif /* !HAVE_GCC */ # undef HAVE_GETWD # undef HAVE_DUP2 # undef VOID_SIGHANDLER # undef HAVE_WAIT_H #endif /* unixpc */ /* ************************ */ /* */ /* Encore */ /* */ /* ************************ */ #if defined (MULTIMAX) # if defined (n16) # define M_MACHINE "Multimax32k" # else # define M_MACHINE "Multimax" # endif /* n16 */ # if defined (UMAXV) # define M_OS "USG" # define REQUIRED_LIBRARIES -lPW # define SYSDEP_CFLAGS -DUSGr3 # define HAVE_DIRENT # define HAVE_VFPRINTF # define USE_TERMCAP_EMULATION # define VOID_SIGHANDLER # else # if defined (CMU) # define M_OS "Mach" # else # define M_OS "Bsd" # endif /* CMU */ # define HAVE_SYS_SIGLIST # define HAVE_STRERROR # define HAVE_SETLINEBUF # endif /* UMAXV */ # define HAVE_GETGROUPS #endif /* MULTIMAX */ /* ******************************************** */ /* */ /* Encore Series 91 (88K BCS w Job Control) */ /* */ /* ******************************************** */ #if defined (__m88k) && defined (__UMAXV__) # define M_MACHINE "Gemini" # define M_OS "USG" # define REQUIRED_LIBRARIES -lPW # define USE_TERMCAP_EMULATION # define HAVE_DIRENT # define HAVE_GETGROUPS # define HAVE_VFPRINTF # define VOID_SIGHANDLER # define SYSDEP_CFLAGS -q ext=pcc -D_POSIX_JOB_CONTROL -D_POSIX_VERSION \ -Dmalloc=_malloc -Dfree=_free -Drealloc=_realloc #endif /* m88k && __UMAXV__ */ /* ******************************************** */ /* */ /* System V Release 4 on the ICL DRS6000 */ /* */ /* ******************************************** */ #if defined (drs6000) # define M_MACHINE "drs6000" # define M_OS "USG" # define SYSDEP_CFLAGS -Xa -DUSGr4 # define SEARCH_LIB_NEEDS_SPACE # define HAVE_DIRENT # define HAVE_SYS_SIGLIST # define HAVE_VFPRINTF # define HAVE_GETGROUPS # define HAVE_STRERROR # define VOID_SIGHANDLER # define USE_GNU_TERMCAP # if !defined (__GNUC__) # undef HAVE_ALLOCA # endif # undef HAVE_ALLOCA_H # undef USE_GNU_MALLOC #endif /* drs6000 */ /* ******************************************** */ /* */ /* System V Release 4 on the Sparc (generic) */ /* */ /* ******************************************** */ #if defined (sparc) && defined (__svr4__) && !defined (M_MACHINE) # define M_MACHINE "sparc" # define M_OS "SVR4" # define SYSDEP_CFLAGS -DUSG -DUSGr4 -DHAVE_UID_T # define HAVE_DIRENT # define HAVE_VFPRINTF # define HAVE_GETGROUPS # define HAVE_STRERROR # define VOID_SIGHANDLER # define USE_GNU_TERMCAP # if !defined (__GNUC__) # undef HAVE_ALLOCA # endif # undef HAVE_BCOPY # undef HAVE_GETWD # undef USE_GNU_MALLOC #endif /* sparc && __svr4__ */ /* ******************************************** */ /* */ /* Commodore Amiga */ /* */ /* ******************************************** */ #if defined (amiga) && defined (__NetBSD__) # define M_MACHINE "amiga" # define M_OS "NetBSD" # define SYSDEP_CFLAGS -DOPENDIR_NOT_ROBUST -DINT_GROUPS_ARRAY \ -DRLIMTYPE=quad_t # define HAVE_SYS_SIGLIST # define HAVE_SETLINEBUF # define HAVE_GETGROUPS # define HAVE_VFPRINTF # define HAVE_STRERROR # define VOID_SIGHANDLER # define HAVE_DIRENT # define HAVE_STRCASECMP #endif /* amiga && __NetBSD__ */ #if defined (amiga) && !defined (M_MACHINE) # define M_MACHINE "amiga" # define M_OS "USG" # define SYSDEP_CFLAGS -DUSGr4 # if !defined (HAVE_GCC) # define EXTRA_LIB_SEARCH_PATH /usr/ucblib # define REQUIRED_LIBRARIES -lc -lucb # endif /* !HAVE_GCC */ # define HAVE_DIRENT # define HAVE_SYS_SIGLIST # define HAVE_VFPRINTF # define VOID_SIGHANDLER # define HAVE_GETGROUPS # define HAVE_STRERROR # undef HAVE_GETWD # undef USE_GNU_MALLOC #endif /* System V Release 4 on amiga */ /* ************************ */ /* */ /* clipper */ /* */ /* ************************ */ /* This is for the Orion 1/05 (A BSD 4.2 box based on a Clipper processor) */ #if defined (clipper) && !defined (M_MACHINE) # define M_MACHINE "clipper" # define M_OS "Bsd" # define HAVE_SETLINEBUF # define HAVE_GETGROUPS #endif /* clipper */ /* ******************************** */ /* */ /* Integrated Solutions 68020? */ /* */ /* ******************************** */ #if defined (is68k) # define M_MACHINE "is68k" # define M_OS "Bsd" # define HAVE_SYS_SIGLIST # define HAVE_SETLINEBUF # define HAVE_GETGROUPS # define USE_VFPRINTF_EMULATION # undef HAVE_ALLOCA #endif /* is68k */ /* ******************************** */ /* */ /* Omron Luna/Mach 2.5 */ /* */ /* ******************************** */ #if defined (luna88k) # define M_MACHINE "Luna88k" # define M_OS "Bsd" # define HAVE_SYS_SIGLIST # define USE_GNU_MALLOC # define HAVE_SETLINEBUF # define HAVE_VFPRINTF # define HAVE_GETGROUPS # define HAVE_VFPRINTF #endif /* luna88k */ /* ************************ */ /* */ /* BBN Butterfly GP1000 */ /* Mach 1000 v2.5 */ /* */ /* ************************ */ #if defined (butterfly) && defined (BFLY1) #define M_MACHINE "BBN Butterfly" #define M_OS "Mach 1000" #define HAVE_SETLINEBUF #define HAVE_SYS_SIGLIST #define HAVE_GETGROUPS #define HAVE_VFPRINTF # ifdef BUILDING_MAKEFILE MAKE = make # endif /* BUILDING_MAKEFILE */ #endif /* butterfly */ /* **************************************** */ /* */ /* Apollo/SR10.2/BSD4.3 */ /* */ /* **************************************** */ /* This is for the Apollo DN3500 running SR10.2 BSD4.3 */ #if defined (apollo) # define M_MACHINE "apollo" # define M_OS "Bsd" # define SYSDEP_CFLAGS -D_POSIX_VERSION -D_INCLUDE_BSD_SOURCE \ -D_INCLUDE_POSIX_SOURCE -DTERMIOS_MISSING \ -DBSD_GETPGRP -Dpid_t=int # define HAVE_SYS_SIGLIST # define HAVE_SETLINEBUF # define HAVE_GETGROUPS #endif /* apollo */ /* ************************ */ /* */ /* DG AViiON */ /* */ /* ************************ */ /* This is for the DG AViiON box (runs DG/UX with both AT&T & BSD features.) */ /* DG/UX comes standard with Gcc. */ #if defined (__DGUX__) || defined (DGUX) # define M_OS "DGUX" # if !defined (_M88KBCS_TARGET) # define M_MACHINE "AViiON" # define REQUIRED_LIBRARIES -ldgc # else /* _M88KBCS_TARGET */ # define M_MACHINE "m88kBCS_AV" # undef MACHINE_CFLAGS # define MACHINE_CFLAGS -D_M88K_SOURCE # undef HAVE_RESOURCE # endif /* _M88KBCS_TARGET */ # define SYSDEP_CFLAGS MACHINE_CFLAGS -D_DGUX_SOURCE -DPGRP_PIPE -DUSG # define HAVE_GCC # define HAVE_FIXED_INCLUDES # define HAVE_STRERROR # define HAVE_GETGROUPS # define VOID_SIGHANDLER # undef HAVE_GETWD # undef USE_GNU_MALLOC /* If you want to build bash for M88K BCS compliance on a DG/UX 5.4 or above system, do the following: - If you have built in this directory before run "make clean" to endure the Bash directory is clean. - Run "eval `sde-target m88kbcs`" to set the software development environment to build BCS objects. - Run "make". - Do "eval `sde-target default`" to reset the SDE. */ #endif /* __DGUX__ */ /* ************************ */ /* */ /* Harris Night Hawk */ /* */ /* ************************ */ /* This is for the Harris Night Hawk family. */ #if defined (_CX_UX) # if defined (_M88K) # define M_MACHINE "nh4000" # else /* !_M88K */ # if defined (hcx) # define M_MACHINE "nh2000" # else /* !hcx */ # if defined (gcx) # define M_MACHINE "nh3000" # endif /* gcx */ # endif /* !hcx */ # endif /* !_M88K */ # define M_OS "USG" # define SYSDEP_CFLAGS -g -Xa -v -Dgetwd=bash_getwd -D_POSIX_SOURCE \ -D_POSIX_JOB_CONTROL # define USE_TERMCAP_EMULATION # define HAVE_VFPRINTF # define HAVE_GETGROUPS # define VOID_SIGHANDLER # undef USE_GNU_MALLOC # undef HAVE_GETWD #endif /* _CX_UX */ /* **************************************** */ /* */ /* Tektronix */ /* */ /* **************************************** */ /* These are unproven as yet. */ #if defined (Tek4132) # define M_MACHINE "Tek4132" # define M_OS "Bsd" # define HAVE_SYS_SIGLIST # define HAVE_SETLINEBUF # define HAVE_GETGROUPS #endif /* Tek4132 */ #if defined (Tek4300) # define M_MACHINE "Tek4300" # define M_OS "Bsd" # define HAVE_SYS_SIGLIST # define HAVE_SETLINEBUF # define HAVE_GETGROUPS #endif /* Tek4300 */ /* ************************ */ /* */ /* Tektronix XD88 */ /* */ /* ************************ */ #if defined (m88k) && defined (XD88) # define M_MACHINE "XD88" # define M_OS "USG" # define HAVE_DIRENT # define HAVE_VFPRINTF # define HAVE_GETCWD # define VOID_SIGHANDLER # define HAVE_GETGROUPS # undef HAVE_GETWD # undef HAVE_ALLOCA #endif /* m88k && XD88 */ /* ************************ */ /* */ /* Motorola M88100 */ /* */ /* ************************ */ #if defined (m88k) && (defined (M88100) || defined (USGr4)) # define M_MACHINE "M88100" # define M_OS "USG" # if defined (USGr4) # define SYSDEP_CFLAGS -DUSGr4 -D_POSIX_JOB_CONTROL # else # define SYSDEP_CFLAGS -D_POSIX_JOB_CONTROL # endif # define HAVE_DIRENT # define HAVE_VFPRINTF # define VOID_SIGHANDLER # define HAVE_GETGROUPS # undef HAVE_GETWD # if !defined (USGr4) # undef HAVE_GETCWD # endif # undef HAVE_ALLOCA #endif /* m88k && M88100 */ /* ************************ */ /* */ /* Sequent Balances */ /* (Dynix 3.x) */ /* ************************ */ #if defined (sequent) && !defined (M_MACHINE) # define M_MACHINE "Sequent" # define M_OS "Bsd" # define HAVE_SYS_SIGLIST # define HAVE_SETLINEBUF # define HAVE_GETGROUPS # define LD_HAS_NO_DASH_L # undef HAVE_DUP2 #endif /* sequent */ /* ****************************************** */ /* */ /* NCR Tower 32, System V Release 3 */ /* */ /* ****************************************** */ #if defined (tower32) # define M_MACHINE "tower32" # define M_OS "USG" # if !defined (HAVE_GCC) # define REQUIRED_LIBRARIES -lPW /* Disable stack/frame-pointer optimization, incompatible with alloca */ # undef MACHINE_CFLAGS # define MACHINE_CFLAGS -W2,-aat # endif /* !HAVE_GCC */ # define SYSDEP_CFLAGS -DUSGr3 MACHINE_CFLAGS # define HAVE_VFPRINTF # define USE_TERMCAP_EMULATION # define VOID_SIGHANDLER # undef HAVE_GETWD #endif /* tower32 */ /* ************************ */ /* */ /* Concurrent */ /* */ /* ************************ */ #if defined (concurrent) # define M_MACHINE "Concurrent" # if defined (USE_BSD_UNIVERSE) /* Use the BSD universe (`universe ucb') */ # define M_OS "Bsd" # define HAVE_SYS_SIGLIST # define HAVE_SETLINEBUF # define HAVE_GETGROUPS # else /* !USE_BSD_UNIVERSE */ /* Concurrent 7000 with RTU 6.1A using the ATT universe (`universe att') */ # define M_OS "USG" # define SYSDEP_CFLAGS -DHAVE_BCOPY -DHAVE_UID_T -DHAVE_GETDTABLESIZE -Dmc7000 # define REQUIRED_LIBRARIES -ljobs # define HAVE_VPRINTF # define HAVE_GETGROUPS # define HAVE_DUP2 # define HAVE_DIRENT # define HAVE_SYS_SIGLIST # endif /* !USE_BSD_UNIVERSE */ #endif /* concurrent */ /* **************************************************************** */ /* */ /* Honeywell Bull X20 (lele@idea.sublink.org) */ /* */ /* **************************************************************** */ #if defined (hbullx20) # define M_MACHINE "Honeywell" # define M_OS "USG" # define SYSDEP_CFLAGS -DUSG /* Bull x20 needs -lposix for struct dirent. */ # define REQUIRED_LIBRARIES -lPW -lposix # define HAVE_DIRENT # define HAVE_VFPRINTF # define VOID_SIGHANDLER # define USE_TERMCAP_EMULATION # undef HAVE_GETWD #endif /* hbullx20 */ /* ************************ */ /* */ /* CRAY */ /* */ /* ************************ */ #if defined (cray) # include # if defined (Cray1) || defined (Cray2) # define M_MACHINE "Cray" # define CRAY_STACK # endif # if defined (CrayXMP) && !defined (M_MACHINE) # define M_MACHINE "CrayXMP" # define CRAY_STACK -DCRAY_STACKSEG_END=getb67 # endif # if defined (CrayYMP) && !defined (M_MACHINE) # define M_MACHINE "CrayYMP" # if RELEASE_LEVEL >= 7000 # define CRAY_STACK -DCRAY_STACKSEG_END=_getb67 # else # define CRAY_STACK -DCRAY_STACKSEG_END=getb67 # endif /* RELEASE_LEVEL < 7000 */ # endif # if !defined (M_MACHINE) # define M_MACHINE "Cray" # define CRAY_STACK # endif # define M_OS "Unicos" # define SYSDEP_CFLAGS -DUSG -DPGRP_PIPE -DOPENDIR_NOT_ROBUST \ -DHAVE_BCOPY CRAY_STACK # define HAVE_VFPRINTF # define HAVE_MULTIPLE_GROUPS # define VOID_SIGHANDLER # define USE_TERMCAP_EMULATION # undef HAVE_ALLOCA # undef HAVE_RESOURCE # undef USE_GNU_MALLOC #endif /* cray */ /* ************************ */ /* */ /* MagicStation */ /* */ /* ************************ */ #if defined (MagicStation) # define M_MACHINE "MagicStation" # define M_OS "USG" # define SYSDEP_CFLAGS -DUSGr4 # define HAVE_DIRENT # define HAVE_GETGROUPS # define HAVE_STRERROR # define VOID_SIGHANDLER # undef HAVE_ALLOCA # undef HAVE_GETWD #endif /* MagicStation */ /* ************************ */ /* */ /* Plexus */ /* */ /* ************************ */ #if defined (plexus) # define M_MACHINE "plexus" # define M_OS "USG" # define REQUIRED_LIBRARIES -lndir # define USE_TERMCAP_EMULATION # undef HAVE_DUP2 # undef HAVE_GETWD # define HAVE_VFPRINTF # undef HAVE_ALLOCA /* -lPW doesn't work w/bash-cc? */ #endif /* plexus */ /* ************************ */ /* */ /* Siemens MX500 */ /* (SINIX 5.2x) */ /* ************************ */ #ifdef sinix #define M_MACHINE "Siemens MX500" #define M_OS "SINIX V5.2x" #define USG #define HAVE_GETCWD #define VOID_SIGHANDLER #define HAVE_STRERROR #define HAVE_GETGROUPS #define HAVE_VFPRINTF #define HAVE_POSIX_SIGNALS #define HAVE_RESOURCE #define USE_GNU_MALLOC #define SYSDEP_CFLAGS -DUSGr3 -DUSG #define REQUIRED_LIBRARIES syscalls.o #undef HAVE_ALLOCA #undef HAVE_GETWD #endif /* sinix */ /* ************************ */ /* */ /* Symmetric 375 (4.2 BSD) */ /* */ /* ************************ */ #if defined (scs) && !defined (M_MACHINE) # define M_MACHINE "Symmetric_375" # define M_OS "Bsd" # define HAVE_SYS_SIGLIST # define HAVE_GETGROUPS # define HAVE_SETLINEBUF # define USE_VFPRINTF_EMULATION # define USE_GNU_MALLOC # undef HAVE_STRCHR #endif /* scs */ /* ************************ */ /* */ /* Tandem running SVR3 */ /* */ /* ************************ */ #if defined (tandem) && !defined (M_MACHINE) # define M_MACHINE "tandem" # define M_OS "USG" # define SYSDEP_CFLAGS -DUSGr3 # define HAVE_VFPRINTF # define VOID_SIGHANDLER /* Alloca requires either Gcc or cc with libPW.a */ # if !defined (HAVE_GCC) # define REQUIRED_LIBRARIES -lPW # endif /* !HAVE_GCC */ # undef HAVE_GETWD #endif /* Tandem running SVR3 */ /* ************************ */ /* */ /* PCS Cadmus System */ /* */ /* ************************ */ #if defined (cadmus) && !defined (M_MACHINE) # define M_MACHINE "cadmus" # define M_OS "BrainDeath" # define SYSDEP_CFLAGS -DUSG # define HAVE_DIRENT # define HAVE_VFPRINTF # define VOID_SIGHANDLER # define USE_TERMCAP_EMULATION # undef HAVE_GETWD # undef HAVE_ALLOCA # undef HAVE_WAIT_H #endif /* cadmus */ /* **************************************************************** */ /* */ /* Generic Entry */ /* */ /* **************************************************************** */ /* Use this entry for your machine if it isn't represented here. It is loosely based on a Vax running 4.3 BSD. */ #if !defined (M_MACHINE) # define UNKNOWN_MACHINE #endif #if defined (UNKNOWN_MACHINE) # define M_MACHINE "UNKNOWN_MACHINE" # define M_OS "UNKNOWN_OS" /* Required libraries for building on this system. */ # define REQUIRED_LIBRARIES /* Define HAVE_SYS_SIGLIST if your system has sys_siglist[]. */ # define HAVE_SYS_SIGLIST /* Undef HAVE_GETWD if your C library does not provide a working version of getwd(). */ /* # undef HAVE_GETWD */ /* Undef HAVE_GETCWD if your C library does not provide a working version of getcwd(). */ /* # undef HAVE_GETCWD */ /* Undef HAVE_ALLOCA if you are not using Gcc, and neither your library nor compiler has a version of alloca (). In that case, we will use our version of alloca () in alloca.c */ /* # undef HAVE_ALLOCA */ /* Undef USE_GNU_MALLOC if there appear to be library conflicts, or if you especially desire to use your OS's version of malloc () and friends. We reccommend against this because GNU Malloc has debugging code built in. */ /* # undef USE_GNU_MALLOC */ /* Define USE_GNU_TERMCAP if you want to use the GNU termcap library instead of your system termcap library. */ /* # define USE_GNU_TERMCAP */ /* Define HAVE_SETLINEBUF if your machine has the setlinebuf () stream library call. Otherwise, setvbuf () will be used. If neither of them work, you can edit in your own buffer control based upon your machines capabilities. */ # define HAVE_SETLINEBUF /* Define HAVE_VFPRINTF if your machines has the vfprintf () library call. Otherwise, printf will be used. */ # define HAVE_VFPRINTF /* Define USE_VFPRINTF_EMULATION if you want to use the BSD-compatible vfprintf() emulation in vprint.c. */ /* # define USE_VFPRINTF_EMULATION */ /* Define HAVE_GETGROUPS if your OS allows you to be in multiple groups simultaneously by supporting the `getgroups' system call. */ # define HAVE_GETGROUPS /* Define SYSDEP_CFLAGS to be the flags to cc that make your compiler work. For example, `-ma' on the RT makes alloca () work. */ /* This is a summary of the semi-machine-independent definitions that can go into SYSDEP_CFLAGS: AFS - The Andrew File System is being used AFS_CREATE_BUG - AFS has a bug with file creation if O_CREAT is specified BSD_GETPGRP - getpgrp(2) takes a pid argument, a la 4.3 BSD HAVE_BCOPY - bcopy(3) exists and works as in BSD HAVE_GETDTABLESIZE - getdtablesize(2) exists and works correctly HAVE_GETHOSTNAME - gethostname(2) or gethostname(3) is present and works as in BSD HAVE_GETPW_DECLS - USG machines with the getpw* functions defined in that cannot handle redefinitions in the bash source HAVE_RESOURCE - and [gs]rlimit exist and work HAVE_SETDTABLESIZE - setdtablesize(2) exists and works correctly HAVE_SOCKETS - this system has BSD sockets added to a System V base HAVE_UID_T - Definitions for uid_t and gid_t are in INT_GROUPS_ARRAY - the second argument to getgroups(3) is an array of integers MEMMOVE_MISSING - the system does not have memmove(3) MKFIFO_MISSING - named pipes do not work or mkfifo(3) is missing NO_SBRK_DECL - don't declare sbrk as extern char *sbrk() in lib/malloc/malloc.c OPENDIR_NOT_ROBUST - opendir(3) allows you to open non-directory files PGRP_PIPE - Requires parent-child synchronization via pipes to make job control work right REVERSED_SETVBUF_ARGS - brain-damaged implementation of setvbuf that has args 2 and 3 reversed from the SVID and ANSI standard RLOGIN_PGRP_BUG - processes started by rlogind have a process group of 0 TERMIOS_LDISC - system has a c_line line discipline member in struct termios TERMIOS_MISSING - the termios(3) functions are not present or don't work, even though _POSIX_VERSION is defined USG - The machine is running some sort of System V Unix USGr3 - The machine is running SVR3.x USGr4 - The machine is running SVR4 USGr4_2 - The machine is running SVR4.2 */ # define SYSDEP_CFLAGS /* Define HAVE_STRERROR if your system supplies a definition for strerror () in the C library, or a macro in a header file. */ /* # define HAVE_STRERROR */ /* Define HAVE_STRCASECMP if your system supplies definitions for the casel-insensitive string comparison functions strcasecmp and strncasemp in the C library or one of the system header files. */ /* # define HAVE_STRCASECMP */ /* Define HAVE_DIRENT if you have the dirent library and a definition of struct dirent. If not, the BSD directory reading library and struct direct are assumed. */ /* # define HAVE_DIRENT */ /* If your system does not supply /usr/lib/libtermcap.a, but includes the termcap routines as a part of the curses library, then define this. This is the case on some System V machines. */ /* # define USE_TERMCAP_EMULATION */ /* Define VOID_SIGHANDLER if your system's signal () returns a pointer to a function returning void. */ /* # define VOID_SIGHANDLER */ /* Define EXTRA_LIB_SEARCH_PATH if your required libraries (or standard) ones for that matter) are not normally in the ld search path. For example, some machines require /usr/ucblib in the ld search path so that they can use -lucb. */ /* # define EXTRA_LIB_SEARCH_PATH /usr/ucblib */ /* Define SEARCH_LIB_NEEDS_SPACE if your native ld requires a space after the -L argument, which gives the name of an alternate directory to search for libraries specified with -llib. For example, the HPUX ld requires this: -L lib/readline -lreadline instead of: -Llib/readline -lreadline */ /* # define SEARCH_LIB_NEEDS_SPACE */ /* Define LD_HAS_NO_DASH_L if your ld can't grok the -L flag in any way, or if it cannot grok the -l flag, or both. */ /* # define LD_HAS_NO_DASH_L */ /* Define GCC_STANDARD if the standard `cc' is gcc and you don't want to use the compiler named `gcc' for some reason. */ /* # define GCC_STANDARD */ # if defined (LD_HAS_NO_DASH_L) # undef SEARCH_LIB_NEEDS_SPACE # endif /* LD_HAS_NO_DASH_L */ #endif /* UNKNOWN_MACHINE */ bash-1.14.3/mailcheck.c 644 436 0 24316 5600136450 12762 0ustar chetwheel/* mailcheck.c -- The check is in the mail... */ /* Copyright (C) 1987,1989 Free Software Foundation, Inc. This file is part of GNU Bash, the Bourne Again SHell. Bash is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 1, or (at your option) any later version. Bash is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details. You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with Bash; see the file COPYING. If not, write to the Free Software Foundation, 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. */ #include #include "bashtypes.h" #include "posixstat.h" #include #include "bashansi.h" #include "shell.h" #include "maxpath.h" #include "execute_cmd.h" #include #ifndef NOW #define NOW ((time_t)time ((time_t *)0)) #endif typedef struct { char *name; time_t access_time; time_t mod_time; long file_size; } FILEINFO; /* The list of remembered mail files. */ FILEINFO **mailfiles = (FILEINFO **)NULL; /* Number of mail files that we have. */ int mailfiles_count = 0; /* The last known time that mail was checked. */ int last_time_mail_checked = 0; /* Returns non-zero if it is time to check mail. */ int time_to_check_mail () { char *temp = get_string_value ("MAILCHECK"); time_t now = NOW; long seconds = -1L; /* Skip leading whitespace in MAILCHECK. */ if (temp) { while (whitespace (*temp)) temp++; seconds = atoi (temp); } /* Negative number, or non-numbers (such as empty string) cause no checking to take place. */ if (seconds < 0) return (0); /* Time to check if MAILCHECK is explicitly set to zero, or if enough time has passed since the last check. */ return (!seconds || ((now - last_time_mail_checked) >= seconds)); } /* Okay, we have checked the mail. Perhaps I should make this function go away. */ void reset_mail_timer () { last_time_mail_checked = NOW; } /* Locate a file in the list. Return index of entry, or -1 if not found. */ static int find_mail_file (file) char *file; { register int i; for (i = 0; i < mailfiles_count; i++) if (STREQ ((mailfiles[i])->name, file)) return i; return -1; } /* Add this file to the list of remembered files and return its index in the list of mail files. */ static int add_mail_file (file) char *file; { struct stat finfo; char *filename; int i; filename = full_pathname (file); i = find_mail_file (file); if (i > -1) { if (stat (filename, &finfo) == 0) { mailfiles[i]->mod_time = finfo.st_mtime; mailfiles[i]->access_time = finfo.st_atime; mailfiles[i]->file_size = (long)finfo.st_size; } free (filename); return i; } i = mailfiles_count++; mailfiles = (FILEINFO **)xrealloc (mailfiles, mailfiles_count * sizeof (FILEINFO *)); mailfiles[i] = (FILEINFO *)xmalloc (sizeof (FILEINFO)); mailfiles[i]->name = filename; if (stat (filename, &finfo) == 0) { mailfiles[i]->access_time = finfo.st_atime; mailfiles[i]->mod_time = finfo.st_mtime; mailfiles[i]->file_size = finfo.st_size; } else { mailfiles[i]->access_time = mailfiles[i]->mod_time = (time_t)-1; mailfiles[i]->file_size = -1L; } return i; } /* Reset the existing mail files access and modification times to zero. */ void reset_mail_files () { register int i; for (i = 0; i < mailfiles_count; i++) { mailfiles[i]->access_time = mailfiles[i]->mod_time = 0; mailfiles[i]->file_size = 0L; } } /* Free the information that we have about the remembered mail files. */ void free_mail_files () { register int i; for (i = 0; i < mailfiles_count; i++) { free (mailfiles[i]->name); free (mailfiles[i]); } if (mailfiles) free (mailfiles); mailfiles_count = 0; mailfiles = (FILEINFO **)NULL; } /* Return non-zero if FILE's mod date has changed and it has not been accessed since modified. */ static int file_mod_date_changed (file) char *file; { time_t time = (time_t)0; struct stat finfo; int i; i = find_mail_file (file); if (i != -1) time = mailfiles[i]->mod_time; if ((stat (file, &finfo) == 0) && (finfo.st_size > 0)) return (time != finfo.st_mtime); return (0); } /* Return non-zero if FILE's access date has changed. */ static int file_access_date_changed (file) char *file; { time_t time = (time_t)0; struct stat finfo; int i; i = find_mail_file (file); if (i != -1) time = mailfiles[i]->access_time; if ((stat (file, &finfo) == 0) && (finfo.st_size > 0)) return (time != finfo.st_atime); return (0); } /* Return non-zero if FILE's size has increased. */ static int file_has_grown (file) char *file; { long size = 0L; struct stat finfo; int i; i = find_mail_file (file); if (i != -1) size = mailfiles[i]->file_size; return ((stat (file, &finfo) == 0) && (finfo.st_size > size)); } #if defined (USG) # define DEFAULT_MAIL_PATH "/usr/mail/" # define DEFAULT_PATH_LEN 10 #else # define DEFAULT_MAIL_PATH "/usr/spool/mail/" # define DEFAULT_PATH_LEN 16 #endif /* Return the colon separated list of pathnames to check for mail. */ static char * get_mailpaths () { char *mailpaths; mailpaths = get_string_value ("MAILPATH"); if (!mailpaths) mailpaths = get_string_value ("MAIL"); if (mailpaths) return (savestring (mailpaths)); mailpaths = xmalloc (1 + DEFAULT_PATH_LEN + strlen (current_user.user_name)); strcpy (mailpaths, DEFAULT_MAIL_PATH); strcpy (mailpaths + DEFAULT_PATH_LEN, current_user.user_name); return (mailpaths); } /* Take an element from $MAILPATH and return the portion from the first unquoted `?' or `%' to the end of the string. This is the message to be printed when the file contents change. */ static char * parse_mailpath_spec (str) char *str; { char *s; int pass_next; for (s = str, pass_next = 0; s && *s; s++) { if (pass_next) { pass_next = 0; continue; } if (*s == '\\') { pass_next++; continue; } if (*s == '?' || *s == '%') return s; } return ((char *)NULL); } /* Remember the dates of the files specified by MAILPATH, or if there is no MAILPATH, by the file specified in MAIL. If neither exists, use a default value, which we randomly concoct from using Unix. */ void remember_mail_dates () { char *mailpaths = get_mailpaths (); char *mailfile, *mp; int i = 0; while (mailfile = extract_colon_unit (mailpaths, &i)) { mp = parse_mailpath_spec (mailfile); if (mp && *mp) *mp = '\0'; add_mail_file (mailfile); free (mailfile); } free (mailpaths); } /* check_mail () is useful for more than just checking mail. Since it has the paranoids dream ability of telling you when someone has read your mail, it can just as easily be used to tell you when someones .profile file has been read, thus letting one know when someone else has logged in. Pretty good, huh? */ /* Check for mail in some files. If the modification date of any of the files in MAILPATH has changed since we last did a remember_mail_dates () then mention that the user has mail. Special hack: If the shell variable MAIL_WARNING is on and the mail file has been accessed since the last time we remembered, then the message "The mail in has been read" is printed. */ void check_mail () { char *current_mail_file, *you_have_mail_message; char *mailpaths, *mp; int file_index = 0; char *dollar_underscore; dollar_underscore = get_string_value ("_"); if (dollar_underscore) dollar_underscore = savestring (dollar_underscore); mailpaths = get_mailpaths (); while ((current_mail_file = extract_colon_unit (mailpaths, &file_index))) { char *t; int use_user_notification; if (!*current_mail_file) { free (current_mail_file); continue; } t = full_pathname (current_mail_file); free (current_mail_file); current_mail_file = t; use_user_notification = 0; you_have_mail_message = "You have mail in $_"; mp = parse_mailpath_spec (current_mail_file); if (mp && *mp) { *mp = '\0'; you_have_mail_message = ++mp; use_user_notification++; } if (file_mod_date_changed (current_mail_file)) { WORD_LIST *tlist; int i, file_is_bigger; bind_variable ("_", current_mail_file); #define atime mailfiles[i]->access_time #define mtime mailfiles[i]->mod_time /* Have to compute this before the call to add_mail_file, which resets all the information. */ file_is_bigger = file_has_grown (current_mail_file); i = add_mail_file (current_mail_file); if (i == -1) continue; /* if this returns -1 , it is a bug */ /* If the user has just run a program which manipulates the mail file, then don't bother explaining that the mail file has been manipulated. Since some systems don't change the access time to be equal to the modification time when the mail in the file is manipulated, check the size also. If the file has not grown, continue. */ if ((atime >= mtime) && !file_is_bigger) { free (current_mail_file); continue; } /* If the mod time is later than the access time and the file has grown, note the fact that this is *new* mail. */ if (!use_user_notification && (atime < mtime) && file_is_bigger) you_have_mail_message = "You have new mail in $_"; #undef atime #undef mtime if ((tlist = expand_string (you_have_mail_message, 1))) { char *tem = string_list (tlist); printf ("%s\n", tem); free (tem); dispose_words (tlist); } else printf ("\n"); } if (find_variable ("MAIL_WARNING") && file_access_date_changed (current_mail_file)) { add_mail_file (current_mail_file); printf ("The mail in %s has been read!\n", current_mail_file); } free (current_mail_file); } free (mailpaths); if (dollar_underscore) { bind_variable ("_", dollar_underscore); free (dollar_underscore); } else unbind_variable ("_"); } bash-1.14.3/make_cmd.c 644 436 0 37361 5604650767 12626 0ustar chetwheel/* make_cmd.c -- Functions for making instances of the various parser constructs. */ /* Copyright (C) 1989 Free Software Foundation, Inc. This file is part of GNU Bash, the Bourne Again SHell. Bash is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 1, or (at your option) any later version. Bash is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details. You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with Bash; see the file COPYING. If not, write to the Free Software Foundation, 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. */ #include #include "bashtypes.h" #include #include "filecntl.h" #include "bashansi.h" #include "config.h" #include "command.h" #include "general.h" #include "error.h" #include "flags.h" #include "make_cmd.h" #include "subst.h" #include "input.h" #include "externs.h" #if defined (JOB_CONTROL) #include "jobs.h" #endif extern int line_number, current_command_line_count; extern int disallow_filename_globbing; WORD_DESC * make_word (string) char *string; { WORD_DESC *temp; temp = (WORD_DESC *)xmalloc (sizeof (WORD_DESC)); temp->word = savestring (string); temp->quoted = temp->dollar_present = temp->assignment = 0; while (*string) { if (*string == '$') temp->dollar_present = 1; #ifdef OLDCODE if (member (*string, "'`\\\"")) { temp->quoted = 1; if (*string == '\\') string++; } #else switch (*string) { case '\\': string++; /*FALLTHROUGH*/ case '\'': case '`': case '"': temp->quoted = 1; break; } #endif if (*string) (string++); } return (temp); } WORD_DESC * make_word_from_token (token) int token; { char tokenizer[2]; tokenizer[0] = token; tokenizer[1] = '\0'; return (make_word (tokenizer)); } WORD_LIST * make_word_list (word, link) WORD_DESC *word; WORD_LIST *link; { WORD_LIST *temp; temp = (WORD_LIST *)xmalloc (sizeof (WORD_LIST)); temp->word = word; temp->next = link; return (temp); } WORD_LIST * add_string_to_list (string, list) char *string; WORD_LIST *list; { WORD_LIST *temp = (WORD_LIST *)xmalloc (sizeof (WORD_LIST)); temp->word = make_word (string); temp->next = list; return (temp); } #if 0 WORD_DESC * coerce_to_word (number) int number; { char string[24]; sprintf (string, "%d", number); return (make_word (string)); } #endif COMMAND * make_command (type, pointer) enum command_type type; SIMPLE_COM *pointer; { COMMAND *temp; temp = (COMMAND *)xmalloc (sizeof (COMMAND)); temp->type = type; temp->value.Simple = pointer; temp->value.Simple->flags = 0; temp->flags = 0; temp->redirects = (REDIRECT *)NULL; return (temp); } COMMAND * command_connect (com1, com2, connector) COMMAND *com1, *com2; int connector; { CONNECTION *temp; temp = (CONNECTION *)xmalloc (sizeof (CONNECTION)); temp->connector = connector; temp->first = com1; temp->second = com2; return (make_command (cm_connection, (SIMPLE_COM *)temp)); } COMMAND * make_for_command (name, map_list, action) WORD_DESC *name; WORD_LIST *map_list; COMMAND *action; { FOR_COM *temp = (FOR_COM *)xmalloc (sizeof (FOR_COM)); temp->flags = 0; temp->name = name; temp->map_list = map_list; temp->action = action; return (make_command (cm_for, (SIMPLE_COM *)temp)); } #if defined (SELECT_COMMAND) COMMAND * make_select_command (name, map_list, action) WORD_DESC *name; WORD_LIST *map_list; COMMAND *action; { SELECT_COM *temp = (SELECT_COM *)xmalloc (sizeof (SELECT_COM)); temp->flags = 0; temp->name = name; temp->map_list = map_list; temp->action = action; return (make_command (cm_select, (SIMPLE_COM *)temp)); } #endif COMMAND * make_group_command (command) COMMAND *command; { GROUP_COM *temp = (GROUP_COM *)xmalloc (sizeof (GROUP_COM)); temp->command = command; return (make_command (cm_group, (SIMPLE_COM *)temp)); } COMMAND * make_case_command (word, clauses) WORD_DESC *word; PATTERN_LIST *clauses; { CASE_COM *temp; temp = (CASE_COM *)xmalloc (sizeof (CASE_COM)); temp->flags = 0; temp->word = word; temp->clauses = REVERSE_LIST (clauses, PATTERN_LIST *); return (make_command (cm_case, (SIMPLE_COM *)temp)); } PATTERN_LIST * make_pattern_list (patterns, action) WORD_LIST *patterns; COMMAND *action; { PATTERN_LIST *temp; temp = (PATTERN_LIST *)xmalloc (sizeof (PATTERN_LIST)); temp->patterns = REVERSE_LIST (patterns, WORD_LIST *); temp->action = action; temp->next = NULL; return (temp); } COMMAND * make_if_command (test, true_case, false_case) COMMAND *test, *true_case, *false_case; { IF_COM *temp; temp = (IF_COM *)xmalloc (sizeof (IF_COM)); temp->flags = 0; temp->test = test; temp->true_case = true_case; temp->false_case = false_case; return (make_command (cm_if, (SIMPLE_COM *)temp)); } static COMMAND * make_until_or_while (test, action, which) COMMAND *test, *action; enum command_type which; { WHILE_COM *temp; temp = (WHILE_COM *)xmalloc (sizeof (WHILE_COM)); temp->flags = 0; temp->test = test; temp->action = action; return (make_command (which, (SIMPLE_COM *)temp)); } COMMAND * make_while_command (test, action) COMMAND *test, *action; { return (make_until_or_while (test, action, cm_while)); } COMMAND * make_until_command (test, action) COMMAND *test, *action; { return (make_until_or_while (test, action, cm_until)); } COMMAND * make_bare_simple_command () { COMMAND *command; SIMPLE_COM *temp = (SIMPLE_COM *)xmalloc (sizeof (SIMPLE_COM)); temp->flags = 0; temp->line = line_number; temp->words = (WORD_LIST *)NULL; temp->redirects = (REDIRECT *)NULL; command = (COMMAND *)xmalloc (sizeof (COMMAND)); command->type = cm_simple; command->redirects = (REDIRECT *)NULL; command->flags = 0; command->value.Simple = temp; return (command); } /* Return a command which is the connection of the word or redirection in ELEMENT, and the command * or NULL in COMMAND. */ COMMAND * make_simple_command (element, command) ELEMENT element; COMMAND *command; { /* If we are starting from scratch, then make the initial command structure. Also note that we have to fill in all the slots, since malloc doesn't return zeroed space. */ if (!command) command = make_bare_simple_command (); if (element.word) { WORD_LIST *tw = (WORD_LIST *)xmalloc (sizeof (WORD_LIST)); tw->word = element.word; tw->next = command->value.Simple->words; command->value.Simple->words = tw; } else { REDIRECT *r = element.redirect; /* Due to the way <> is implemented, there may be more than a single redirection in element.redirect. We just follow the chain as far as it goes, and hook onto the end. */ while (r->next) r = r->next; r->next = command->value.Simple->redirects; command->value.Simple->redirects = element.redirect; } return (command); } #define POSIX_HERE_DOCUMENTS void make_here_document (temp) REDIRECT *temp; { int kill_leading = 0; switch (temp->instruction) { /* Because we are Bourne compatible, we read the input for this << or <<- redirection now, from wherever input is coming from. We store the input read into a WORD_DESC. Replace the text of the redirectee.word with the new input text. If <<- is on, then remove leading TABS from each line. */ case r_deblank_reading_until: /* <<-foo */ kill_leading++; /* FALLTHROUGH */ case r_reading_until: /* <redirectee.filename); disallow_filename_globbing = old_value; } #else /* POSIX_HERE_DOCUMENTS */ /* Quote removal is the only expansion performed on the delimiter for here documents, making it an extremely special case. I still feel ill. */ redir_word = string_quote_removal (temp->redirectee.filename->word, 0); #endif /* POSIX_HERE_DOCUMENTS */ /* redirection_expand will return NULL if the expansion results in multiple words or no words. Check for that here, and just abort this here document if it does. */ if (redir_word) redir_len = strlen (redir_word); else { temp->here_doc_eof = savestring (""); goto document_done; } free (temp->redirectee.filename->word); temp->here_doc_eof = redir_word; /* Read lines from wherever lines are coming from. For each line read, if kill_leading, then kill the leading tab characters. If the line matches redir_word exactly, then we have manufactured the document. Otherwise, add the line to the list of lines in the document. */ /* If the here-document delimiter was quoted, the lines should be read verbatim from the input. If it was not quoted, we need to perform backslash-quoted newline removal. */ while (full_line = read_secondary_line (temp->redirectee.filename->quoted == 0)) { register char *line = full_line; int len; line_number++; if (kill_leading && *line) { /* Hack: To be compatible with some Bourne shells, we check the word before stripping the whitespace. This is a hack, though. */ if (STREQN (line, redir_word, redir_len) && line[redir_len] == '\n') goto document_done; while (*line == '\t') line++; } if (!*line) continue; if (STREQN (line, redir_word, redir_len) && line[redir_len] == '\n') goto document_done; len = strlen (line); if (len + document_index >= document_size) { document_size = document_size ? 2 * (document_size + len) : 1000; /* XXX */ document = xrealloc (document, document_size); } /* len is guaranteed to be > 0 because of the check for line being an empty string before the call to strlen. */ FASTCOPY (line, document + document_index, len); document_index += len; } document_done: if (document) document[document_index] = '\0'; else document = savestring (""); temp->redirectee.filename->word = document; } } } /* Generate a REDIRECT from SOURCE, DEST, and INSTRUCTION. INSTRUCTION is the instruction type, SOURCE is a file descriptor, and DEST is a file descriptor or a WORD_DESC *. */ REDIRECT * make_redirection (source, instruction, dest_and_filename) int source; enum r_instruction instruction; REDIRECTEE dest_and_filename; { REDIRECT *temp = (REDIRECT *)xmalloc (sizeof (REDIRECT)); /* First do the common cases. */ temp->redirector = source; temp->redirectee = dest_and_filename; temp->instruction = instruction; temp->flags = 0; temp->next = (REDIRECT *)NULL; switch (instruction) { case r_output_direction: /* >foo */ case r_output_force: /* >| foo */ temp->flags = O_TRUNC | O_WRONLY | O_CREAT; break; case r_input_direction: /* flags = O_RDONLY; break; case r_appending_to: /* >>foo */ temp->flags = O_APPEND | O_WRONLY | O_CREAT; break; case r_deblank_reading_until: /* <<-foo */ case r_reading_until: /* << foo */ break; case r_duplicating_input: /* 1<&2 */ case r_duplicating_output: /* 1>&2 */ case r_close_this: /* <&- */ case r_duplicating_input_word: /* 1<&$foo */ case r_duplicating_output_word: /* 1>&$foo */ break; case r_err_and_out: /* command &>filename */ temp->flags = O_TRUNC | O_WRONLY | O_CREAT; break; case r_input_output: temp->flags = O_RDWR | O_CREAT; break; default: programming_error ("Redirection instruction from yyparse () '%d' is\n\ out of range in make_redirection ().", instruction); abort (); break; } return (temp); } COMMAND * make_function_def (name, command) WORD_DESC *name; COMMAND *command; { FUNCTION_DEF *temp; temp = (FUNCTION_DEF *)xmalloc (sizeof (FUNCTION_DEF)); temp->command = command; temp->name = name; command->line = line_number - current_command_line_count + 1; return (make_command (cm_function_def, (SIMPLE_COM *)temp)); } /* Reverse the word list and redirection list in the simple command has just been parsed. It seems simpler to do this here the one time then by any other method that I can think of. */ COMMAND * clean_simple_command (command) COMMAND *command; { if (command->type != cm_simple) { programming_error ("clean_simple_command () got a command with type %d.", command->type); } else { command->value.Simple->words = REVERSE_LIST (command->value.Simple->words, WORD_LIST *); command->value.Simple->redirects = REVERSE_LIST (command->value.Simple->redirects, REDIRECT *); } return (command); } /* Cons up a new array of words. The words are taken from LIST, which is a WORD_LIST *. Absolutely everything is malloc'ed, so you should free everything in this array when you are done. The array is NULL terminated. */ char ** make_word_array (list) WORD_LIST *list; { int count = list_length (list); char **array = (char **)xmalloc ((1 + count) * sizeof (char *)); for (count = 0; list; count++) { array[count] = xmalloc (1 + strlen (list->word->word)); strcpy (array[count], list->word->word); list = list->next; } array[count] = (char *)NULL; return (array); } /* The Yacc grammar productions have a problem, in that they take a list followed by an ampersand (`&') and do a simple command connection, making the entire list effectively asynchronous, instead of just the last command. This means that when the list is executed, all the commands have stdin set to /dev/null when job control is not active, instead of just the last. This is wrong, and needs fixing up. This function takes the `&' and applies it to the last command in the list. This is done only for lists connected by `;'; it makes `;' bind `tighter' than `&'. */ COMMAND * connect_async_list (command, command2, connector) COMMAND *command, *command2; int connector; { COMMAND *t, *t1, *t2; t1 = command; t = command->value.Connection->second; if (!t || (command->flags & CMD_WANT_SUBSHELL) || command->value.Connection->connector != ';') { t = command_connect (command, command2, connector); return t; } /* This is just defensive programming. The Yacc precedence rules will generally hand this function a command where t points directly to the command we want (e.g. given a ; b ; c ; d &, t1 will point to the `a ; b ; c' list and t will be the `d'). We only want to do this if the list is not being executed as a unit in the background with `( ... )', so we have to check for CMD_WANT_SUBSHELL. That's the only way to tell. */ while (((t->flags & CMD_WANT_SUBSHELL) == 0) && t->type == cm_connection && t->value.Connection->connector == ';') { t1 = t; t = t->value.Connection->second; } /* Now we have t pointing to the last command in the list, and t1->value.Connection->second == t. */ t2 = command_connect (t, command2, connector); t1->value.Connection->second = t2; return command; } bash-1.14.3/make_cmd.h 644 436 0 4521 5560223063 12565 0ustar chetwheel/* make_cmd.h -- Declarations of functions found in make_cmd.c */ /* Copyright (C) 1993 Free Software Foundation, Inc. This file is part of GNU Bash, the Bourne Again SHell. Bash is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option) any later version. Bash is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details. You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with Bash; see the file COPYING. If not, write to the Free Software Foundation, 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. */ #if !defined (_MAKE_CMD_H_) #define _MAKE_CMD_H_ #include "stdc.h" extern WORD_LIST *make_word_list __P((WORD_DESC *, WORD_LIST *)); extern WORD_LIST *add_string_to_list __P((char *, WORD_LIST *)); extern WORD_DESC *make_word __P((char *)); extern WORD_DESC *make_word_from_token __P((int)); extern COMMAND *make_command __P((enum command_type, SIMPLE_COM *)); extern COMMAND *command_connect __P((COMMAND *, COMMAND *, int)); extern COMMAND *make_for_command __P((WORD_DESC *, WORD_LIST *, COMMAND *)); extern COMMAND *make_group_command __P((COMMAND *)); extern COMMAND *make_case_command __P((WORD_DESC *, PATTERN_LIST *)); extern PATTERN_LIST *make_pattern_list __P((WORD_LIST *, COMMAND *)); extern COMMAND *make_if_command __P((COMMAND *, COMMAND *, COMMAND *)); extern COMMAND *make_while_command __P((COMMAND *, COMMAND *)); extern COMMAND *make_until_command __P((COMMAND *, COMMAND *)); extern COMMAND *make_bare_simple_command __P((void)); extern COMMAND *make_simple_command __P((ELEMENT, COMMAND *)); extern void make_here_document __P((REDIRECT *)); extern REDIRECT *make_redirection __P((int, enum r_instruction, REDIRECTEE)); extern COMMAND *make_function_def __P((WORD_DESC *, COMMAND *)); extern COMMAND *clean_simple_command __P((COMMAND *)); extern char **make_word_array __P((WORD_LIST *)); #if defined (SELECT_COMMAND) extern COMMAND *make_select_command __P((WORD_DESC *, WORD_LIST *, COMMAND *)); #endif extern COMMAND *connect_async_list __P((COMMAND *, COMMAND *, int)); #endif /* !_MAKE_CMD_H */ bash-1.14.3/maxpath.h 664 436 0 2732 5512043717 12476 0ustar chetwheel/* maxpath.h - Find out what this system thinks MAXPATHLEN is. */ /* Copyright (C) 1993 Free Software Foundation, Inc. This file is part of GNU Bash, the Bourne Again SHell. Bash is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option) any later version. Bash is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details. You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with Bash; see the file COPYING. If not, write to the Free Software Foundation, 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. */ #if !defined (_MAXPATH_H) #define _MAXPATH_H #if !defined (MAXPATHLEN) && defined (HAVE_LIMITS_H) # if !defined (BUILDING_MAKEFILE) # include # endif /* BUILDING_MAKEFILE */ #endif /* !MAXPATHLEN && HAVE_LIMITS_H */ #if !defined (MAXPATHLEN) && defined (HAVE_SYS_PARAM) # include #endif /* !MAXPATHLEN && HAVE_SYS_PARAM */ #if !defined (MAXPATHLEN) && defined (PATH_MAX) # define MAXPATHLEN PATH_MAX #endif /* !MAXPATHLEN && PATH_MAX */ /* Yecch! Who cares about this gross concept in the first place? */ #if !defined (MAXPATHLEN) # define MAXPATHLEN 1024 #endif /* MAXPATHLEN */ #endif /* _MAXPATH_H */ bash-1.14.3/memalloc.h 664 436 0 3341 5611265414 12622 0ustar chetwheel/* memalloc.h -- consolidate code for including alloca.h or malloc.h and defining alloca. */ /* Copyright (C) 1993 Free Software Foundation, Inc. This file is part of GNU Bash, the Bourne Again SHell. Bash is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option) any later version. Bash is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details. You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with Bash; see the file COPYING. If not, write to the Free Software Foundation, 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. */ #if !defined (__MEMALLOC_H__) # define __MEMALLOC_H__ #if defined (sparc) && defined (sun) && !defined (HAVE_ALLOCA_H) # define HAVE_ALLOCA_H #endif #if defined (__GNUC__) && !defined (HAVE_ALLOCA) # define HAVE_ALLOCA #endif #if defined (HAVE_ALLOCA_H) && !defined (HAVE_ALLOCA) # define HAVE_ALLOCA #endif /* HAVE_ALLOCA_H && !HAVE_ALLOCA */ #if !defined (BUILDING_MAKEFILE) #if defined (__GNUC__) # undef alloca # define alloca __builtin_alloca #else /* !__GNUC__ */ # if defined (HAVE_ALLOCA_H) # if defined (IBMESA) # include # else /* !IBMESA */ # include # endif /* !IBMESA */ # else # if defined (hpux_9) && defined (__STDC__) extern void *alloca (); # else extern char *alloca (); # endif # endif /* !HAVE_ALLOCA_H */ #endif /* !__GNUC__ */ #endif /* !BUILDING_MAKEFILE */ #endif /* __MEMALLOC_H__ */ bash-1.14.3/newversion.c 644 436 0 14650 5670714550 13253 0ustar chetwheel/* Simple program to make new version numbers for the shell. Big deal, but it was getting out of hand to do everything in the makefile. */ /* Copyright (C) 1989 Free Software Foundation, Inc. This file is part of GNU Bash, the Bourne Again SHell. Bash is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 1, or (at your option) any later version. Bash is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details. You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with Bash; see the file COPYING. If not, write to the Free Software Foundation, 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. */ #include #include "posixstat.h" #include char *progname; char *dir; FILE *must_open (); main (argc, argv) int argc; char **argv; { FILE *file; float distver = 0.0; int buildver = 0, patchlevel = 0; int dist = 0, build = 0, patch = 0; int dist_inc = 0, build_inc = 0, patch_inc = 0; int dot_dist_needs_making = 0; int arg_index = 1; struct stat sb; progname = argv[0]; while (arg_index < argc && argv[arg_index][0] == '-') { if (strcmp (argv[arg_index], "-dist") == 0) { dist++; dist_inc++; } else if (strcmp (argv[arg_index], "-build") == 0) { build++; build_inc++; } else if (strcmp (argv[arg_index], "-patch") == 0) { patch++; patch_inc++; } else if (strcmp (argv[arg_index], "-dir") == 0) { dir = argv[++arg_index]; if (dir == 0) { fprintf (stderr, "%s: `-dir' requires an argument\n", progname); exit (1); } if (stat (dir, &sb) < 0) { fprintf (stderr, "%s: cannot stat %s\n", progname, dir); exit (1); } if ((sb.st_mode & S_IFMT) != S_IFDIR) { fprintf (stderr, "%s: not a directory\n", progname); exit (1); } } else { fprintf (stderr, "%s: unknown option: %s\n", progname, argv[arg_index]); fprintf (stderr, "usage: %s [-dist|-patch|-build] [-dir directory]\n", progname); exit (1); } arg_index++; } if (get_float_from_file (".distribution", &distver) == 0) dot_dist_needs_making++; if (get_int_from_file (".patchlevel", &patchlevel) == 0) { patchlevel = 0; patch_inc = 0; } if (get_int_from_file (".build", &buildver) == 0) buildver = 0; /* Setting distribution version. */ if (dist && arg_index < argc) if (sscanf (argv[arg_index], "%f", &distver) != 1) { fprintf (stderr, "%s: Bad input `%s'. Expected float value for -dist.\n", progname, argv[arg_index]); exit (1); } else { arg_index++; dist_inc = 0; } /* Setting patchlevel via argument. */ if (patch && arg_index < argc) if (sscanf (argv[arg_index], "%d", &patchlevel) != 1) { fprintf (stderr, "%s: Bad input `%s'. Expected int value for -patch.\n", progname, argv[arg_index]); exit (1); } else { arg_index++; patch_inc = 0; } if (build && arg_index < argc) if (sscanf (argv[arg_index], "%d", &buildver) != 1) { fprintf (stderr, "%s: Bad input `%s'. Expected int value for -build.\n", progname, argv[arg_index]); exit (1); } else { arg_index++; build_inc = 0; } if (dot_dist_needs_making && !distver) { fprintf (stderr, "%s: There is no `.distribution' file to infer from.\n", progname); exit (1); } if (dist_inc) distver = distver + 0.01; if (patch_inc) patchlevel++; if (build_inc) buildver++; file = must_open ("newversion.h", "w"); /* Output the leading comment. */ fprintf (file, "/* Version control for the shell. This file gets changed when you say\n\ `make newversion' to the Makefile. It is created by newversion.aux. */\n"); fprintf (file, "\n/* The distribution version number of this shell. */\n"); fprintf (file, "#define DISTVERSION \"%.2f\"\n", distver); fprintf (file, "\n/* The patch level of this version of the shell. */\n"); fprintf (file, "#define PATCHLEVEL %d\n", patchlevel); fprintf (file, "\n/* The last built version of this shell. */\n"); fprintf (file, "#define BUILDVERSION %d\n", buildver); fprintf (file, "\n/* A version string for use by sccs and the what command. */\n\n"); fprintf (file, "#define SCCSVERSION \"@(#)Bash version %.2f.%d(%d) GNU\"\n\n", distver, patchlevel, buildver); fclose (file); file = must_open (".build", "w"); fprintf (file, "%d\n", buildver); fclose (file); /* Making a new distribution. */ if (dist) { file = must_open (".distribution", "w"); fprintf (file, "%.2f\n", distver); fclose (file); } /* Releasing a new patch level. */ if (patch) { file = must_open (".patchlevel", "w"); fprintf (file, "%d\n", patchlevel); fclose (file); } exit (0); } char * makename (fn) char *fn; { char *ret; int dlen = 0; if (dir) dlen = strlen (dir) + 1; ret = (char *)malloc (dlen + strlen (fn) + 1); if (ret == 0) { fprintf (stderr, "%s: malloc failed\n", progname); exit (1); } if (dir) sprintf (ret, "%s/%s", dir, fn); else strcpy (ret, fn); return ret; } get_float_from_file (filename, var) char *filename; float *var; { FILE *stream; int result; char *name; name = makename (filename); stream = fopen (name, "r"); free (name); if (stream == (FILE *)NULL) return (0); result = fscanf (stream, "%f\n", var); fclose (stream); return (result == 1); } get_int_from_file (filename, var) char *filename; int *var; { FILE *stream; int result; char *name; name = makename (filename); stream = fopen (name, "r"); free (name); if (stream == (FILE *)NULL) return (0); result = fscanf (stream, "%d\n", var); fclose (stream); return (result == 1); } FILE * must_open (name, mode) char *name, *mode; { FILE *temp = fopen (name, mode); if (!temp) { fprintf (stderr, "%s: Cannot open `%s' for mode `%s'.\n", progname, name, mode); fprintf (stderr, "Perhaps you don't have %s permission to the file or directory.\n", (strcmp (mode, "w") == 0) ? "write" : "read"); exit (3); } return (temp); } bash-1.14.3/nojobs.c 644 436 0 35452 5601371264 12344 0ustar chetwheel/* The thing that makes children, remembers them, and contains wait loops. */ /* This file works under BSD, System V, minix, and Posix systems. */ /* Copyright (C) 1987, 1989, 1992 Free Software Foundation, Inc. This file is part of GNU Bash, the Bourne Again SHell. Bash is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 1, or (at your option) any later version. Bash is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details. You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with Bash; see the file COPYING. If not, write to the Free Software Foundation, 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. */ #include #include "bashtypes.h" #include #include #include #include "config.h" #include "command.h" #include "general.h" #include "filecntl.h" #include "jobs.h" #include "externs.h" #if defined (BUFFERED_INPUT) # include "input.h" #endif #if !defined (USG) && !defined (_POSIX_VERSION) # include #else # if defined (_POSIX_VERSION) # include # else # include # if !defined (AIXRT) # include # endif /* !AIXRT */ # endif /* !POSIX_VERSION */ #endif /* USG && _POSIX_VERSION */ #if !defined (SIGABRT) # define SIGABRT SIGIOT #endif /* !SIGABRT */ #if defined (USG) || defined (_POSIX_VERSION) # define killpg(pg, sig) kill(-(pg),(sig)) #endif /* USG || _POSIX_VERSION */ #if defined (USG) # define siginterrupt(sig, code) #endif /* USG */ #if defined (_POSIX_VERSION) # define WAITPID(pid, statusp, options) waitpid (pid, statusp, options) #else # define WAITPID(pid, statusp, options) wait (statusp) #endif /* !_POSIX_VERSION */ #if !defined (errno) extern int errno; #endif /* !errno */ extern int interactive, interactive_shell, login_shell; extern int subshell_environment; extern int last_command_exit_value; #if defined (_POSIX_VERSION) extern sigset_t top_level_mask; #endif pid_t last_made_pid = NO_PID; pid_t last_asynchronous_pid = NO_PID; /* Call this when you start making children. */ int already_making_children = 0; #if defined (_POSIX_VERSION) static void reap_zombie_children (); #endif struct proc_status { pid_t pid; int status; /* Exit status of PID or 128 + fatal signal number */ }; static struct proc_status *pid_list = (struct proc_status *)NULL; static int pid_list_size = 0; #define PROC_BAD -1 #define PROC_STILL_ALIVE -2 /* Allocate new, or grow existing PID_LIST. */ static void alloc_pid_list () { register int i; int old = pid_list_size; pid_list_size += 10; pid_list = (struct proc_status *) xrealloc (pid_list, pid_list_size * sizeof (struct proc_status)); /* None of the newly allocated slots have process id's yet. */ for (i = old; i < pid_list_size; i++) pid_list[i].pid = NO_PID; } /* Return the offset within the PID_LIST array of an empty slot. This can create new slots if all of the existing slots are taken. */ static int find_proc_slot () { register int i; for (i = 0; i < pid_list_size; i++) if (pid_list[i].pid == NO_PID) return (i); if (i == pid_list_size) alloc_pid_list (); return (i); } /* Return the offset within the PID_LIST array of a slot containing PID, or the value NO_PID if the pid wasn't found. */ static int find_index_by_pid (pid) pid_t pid; { register int i; for (i = 0; i < pid_list_size; i++) if (pid_list[i].pid == pid) return (i); return (NO_PID); } /* Return the status of PID as looked up in the PID_LIST array. A return value of PROC_BAD indicates that PID wasn't found. */ static int find_status_by_pid (pid) pid_t pid; { int i; i = find_index_by_pid (pid); if (i == NO_PID) return (PROC_BAD); return (pid_list[i].status); } /* Give PID the status value STATUS in the PID_LIST array. */ static void set_pid_status (pid, status) pid_t pid; WAIT status; { int slot; slot = find_index_by_pid (pid); if (slot == NO_PID) return; if (WIFSIGNALED (status)) pid_list[slot].status = 128 + WTERMSIG (status); else pid_list[slot].status = WEXITSTATUS (status); } static void add_pid (pid) pid_t pid; { int slot; slot = find_proc_slot (); pid_list[slot].pid = pid; pid_list[slot].status = PROC_STILL_ALIVE; } int cleanup_dead_jobs () { register int i; #if defined (_POSIX_VERSION) reap_zombie_children (); #endif for (i = 0; i < pid_list_size; i++) if (pid_list[i].status != PROC_STILL_ALIVE) pid_list[i].pid = NO_PID; } /* Initialize the job control mechanism, and set up the tty stuff. */ initialize_jobs () { get_tty_state (); } #if !defined (READLINE) && defined (TIOCGWINSZ) && defined (SIGWINCH) static SigHandler *old_winch; static sighandler sigwinch_sighandler (sig) int sig; { struct winsize win; #if defined (USG) && !defined (_POSIX_VERSION) set_signal_handler (SIGWINCH, sigwinch_sighandler); #endif /* USG && !_POSIX_VERSION */ if ((ioctl (0, TIOCGWINSZ, &win) == 0) && win.ws_row > 0 && win.ws_col > 0) set_lines_and_columns (win.ws_row, win.ws_col); } #endif /* !READLINE && TIOCGWINSZ && SIGWINCH */ /* Setup this shell to handle C-C, etc. */ void initialize_job_signals () { set_signal_handler (SIGINT, sigint_sighandler); #if !defined (READLINE) && defined (TIOCGWINSZ) && defined (SIGWINCH) set_signal_handler (SIGWINCH, sigwinch_sighandler); #endif /* !READLINE && TIOCGWINSZ && SIGWINCH */ /* If this is a login shell we don't wish to be disturbed by stop signals. */ if (login_shell) { #if defined (SIGTSTP) set_signal_handler (SIGTSTP, SIG_IGN); set_signal_handler (SIGTTOU, SIG_IGN); set_signal_handler (SIGTTIN, SIG_IGN); #endif } } #if defined (_POSIX_VERSION) /* Collect the status of all zombie children so that their system resources can be deallocated. */ static void reap_zombie_children () { #if defined (WNOHANG) pid_t pid; WAIT status; while ((pid = waitpid (-1, (int *)&status, WNOHANG)) > 0) set_pid_status (pid, status); #endif /* WNOHANG */ } #endif /* _POSIX_VERSION */ /* Fork, handling errors. Returns the pid of the newly made child, or 0. COMMAND is just for remembering the name of the command; we don't do anything else with it. ASYNC_P says what to do with the tty. If non-zero, then don't give it away. */ pid_t make_child (command, async_p) char *command; int async_p; { pid_t pid; #if defined (_POSIX_VERSION) int retry = 1; #endif /* _POSIX_VERSION */ /* Discard saved memory. */ if (command) free (command); start_pipeline (); #if defined (BUFFERED_INPUT) /* If default_buffered_input is active, we are reading a script. If the command is asynchronous, we have already duplicated /dev/null as fd 0, but have not changed the buffered stream corresponding to the old fd 0. We don't want to sync the stream in this case. */ if (default_buffered_input != -1 && (!async_p || default_buffered_input > 0)) sync_buffered_stream (default_buffered_input); #endif /* BUFFERED_INPUT */ /* Create the child, handle severe errors. */ #if defined (_POSIX_VERSION) retry_fork: #endif /* _POSIX_VERSION */ if ((pid = fork ()) < 0) { #if defined (_POSIX_VERSION) /* Posix systems with a non-blocking waitpid () system call available get another chance after zombies are reaped. */ if (errno == EAGAIN && retry) { reap_zombie_children (); retry = 0; goto retry_fork; } #endif /* _POSIX_VERSION */ internal_error ("fork: %s", strerror (errno)); throw_to_top_level (); } if (pid == 0) { #if defined (BUFFERED_INPUT) if (default_buffered_input > 0) { close_buffered_fd (default_buffered_input); default_buffered_input = bash_input.location.buffered_fd = -1; } #endif /* BUFFERED_INPUT */ #if defined (_POSIX_VERSION) /* Restore top-level signal mask. */ sigprocmask (SIG_SETMASK, &top_level_mask, (sigset_t *)NULL); #endif /* Ignore INT and QUIT in asynchronous children. */ if (async_p) { #if 0 /* This now done by setup_async_signals (). */ set_signal_handler (SIGINT, SIG_IGN); set_signal_handler (SIGQUIT, SIG_IGN); #endif last_asynchronous_pid = getpid (); } #if defined (SIGTSTP) set_signal_handler (SIGTSTP, SIG_DFL); set_signal_handler (SIGTTIN, SIG_DFL); set_signal_handler (SIGTTOU, SIG_DFL); #endif } else { /* In the parent. */ last_made_pid = pid; if (async_p) last_asynchronous_pid = pid; add_pid (pid); } return (pid); } /* Wait for a single pid (PID) and return its exit status. */ wait_for_single_pid (pid) pid_t pid; { pid_t got_pid; WAIT status; int pstatus; pstatus = find_status_by_pid (pid); if (pstatus == PROC_BAD) return (127); if (pstatus != PROC_STILL_ALIVE) return (pstatus); siginterrupt (SIGINT, 1); while ((got_pid = WAITPID (pid, &status, 0)) != pid) { if (got_pid < 0) { if (errno != EINTR && errno != ECHILD) { siginterrupt (SIGINT, 0); file_error ("wait"); } break; } else if (got_pid > 0) set_pid_status (got_pid, status); } set_pid_status (got_pid, status); siginterrupt (SIGINT, 0); QUIT; if (WIFSIGNALED (status)) return (128 + WTERMSIG (status)); else return (WEXITSTATUS (status)); } /* Wait for all of the shell's children to exit. */ void wait_for_background_pids () { pid_t got_pid; WAIT status; /* If we aren't using job control, we let the kernel take care of the bookkeeping for us. wait () will return -1 and set errno to ECHILD when there are no more unwaited-for child processes on both 4.2 BSD-based and System V-based systems. */ siginterrupt (SIGINT, 1); /* Wait for ECHILD */ while ((got_pid = WAITPID (-1, &status, 0)) != -1) set_pid_status (got_pid, status); if (errno != EINTR && errno != ECHILD) { siginterrupt (SIGINT, 0); file_error("wait"); } siginterrupt (SIGINT, 0); QUIT; } /* Handle SIGINT while we are waiting for children in a script to exit. All interrupts are effectively ignored by the shell, but allowed to kill a running job. */ static sighandler wait_sigint_handler (sig) int sig; { #if 0 /* Run a trap handler if one has been defined. */ maybe_call_trap_handler (sig); #endif #if !defined (VOID_SIGHANDLER) return (0); #endif /* !VOID_SIGHANDLER */ } /* Wait for pid (one of our children) to terminate. This is called only by the execution code in execute_cmd.c. */ int wait_for (pid) pid_t pid; { int return_val, pstatus; pid_t got_pid; WAIT status; SigHandler *old_sigint_handler; pstatus = find_status_by_pid (pid); if (pstatus == PROC_BAD) return (0); if (pstatus != PROC_STILL_ALIVE) return (pstatus); /* If we are running a script, ignore SIGINT while we're waiting for a child to exit. The loop below does some of this, but not all. */ if (!interactive_shell) old_sigint_handler = set_signal_handler (SIGINT, wait_sigint_handler); while ((got_pid = WAITPID (-1, &status, 0)) != pid) /* XXX was pid now -1 */ { if (got_pid < 0 && errno == ECHILD) { #if !defined (_POSIX_VERSION) status.w_termsig = status.w_retcode = 0; #else status = 0; #endif /* _POSIX_VERSION */ break; } else if (got_pid < 0 && errno != EINTR) programming_error ("got errno %d while waiting for %d", errno, pid); else if (got_pid > 0) set_pid_status (got_pid, status); } set_pid_status (got_pid, status); #if defined (_POSIX_VERSION) if (got_pid >= 0) reap_zombie_children (); #endif /* _POSIX_VERSION */ if (!interactive_shell) { set_signal_handler (SIGINT, old_sigint_handler); /* If the job exited because of SIGINT, make sure the shell acts as if it had received one also. */ if (WIFSIGNALED (status) && (WTERMSIG (status) == SIGINT)) { if (maybe_call_trap_handler (SIGINT) == 0) (*old_sigint_handler) (SIGINT); } } /* Default return value. */ /* ``a full 8 bits of status is returned'' */ if (WIFSIGNALED (status)) return_val = 128 + WTERMSIG (status); else return_val = WEXITSTATUS (status); if (!WIFSTOPPED (status) && WIFSIGNALED (status) && (WTERMSIG (status) != SIGINT)) { fprintf (stderr, "%s", strsignal (WTERMSIG (status))); if (WIFCORED (status)) fprintf (stderr, " (core dumped)"); fprintf (stderr, "\n"); } if (interactive_shell && !subshell_environment) { if (WIFSIGNALED (status) || WIFSTOPPED (status)) set_tty_state (); else get_tty_state (); } return (return_val); } /* Give PID SIGNAL. This determines what job the pid belongs to (if any). If PID does belong to a job, and the job is stopped, then CONTinue the job after giving it SIGNAL. Returns -1 on failure. If GROUP is non-null, then kill the process group associated with PID. */ int kill_pid (pid, signal, group) pid_t pid; int signal, group; { int result; if (group) result = killpg (pid, signal); else result = kill (pid, signal); return (result); } #if defined (_POSIX_VERSION) static struct termios shell_tty_info; #else # if defined (USG) static struct termio shell_tty_info; # else static struct sgttyb shell_tty_info; # endif /* USG */ #endif /* _POSIX_VERSION */ static int got_tty_state = 0; /* Fill the contents of shell_tty_info with the current tty info. */ get_tty_state () { int tty = open ("/dev/tty", O_RDONLY); if (tty != -1) { #if defined (_POSIX_VERSION) tcgetattr (tty, &shell_tty_info); #else # if defined (USG) ioctl (tty, TCGETA, &shell_tty_info); # else ioctl (tty, TIOCGETP, &shell_tty_info); # endif #endif close (tty); got_tty_state = 1; } } /* Make the current tty use the state in shell_tty_info. */ set_tty_state () { int tty = open ("/dev/tty", O_RDONLY); if (tty != -1) { if (!got_tty_state) { close (tty); return; } #if defined (_POSIX_VERSION) tcsetattr (tty, TCSADRAIN, &shell_tty_info); #else # if defined (USG) ioctl (tty, TCSETAW, &shell_tty_info); /* Wait for output, no flush */ # else ioctl (tty, TIOCSETN, &shell_tty_info); # endif #endif close (tty); } } /* Give the terminal to PGRP. */ give_terminal_to (pgrp) pid_t pgrp; { } /* Stop a pipeline. */ stop_pipeline (async, ignore) int async; COMMAND *ignore; { already_making_children = 0; } void start_pipeline () { already_making_children = 1; } /* Print descriptive information about the job with leader pid PID. */ void describe_pid (pid) pid_t pid; { fprintf (stderr, "%d\n", (int) pid); } bash-1.14.3/parse.y 644 436 0 225534 5673602664 12246 0ustar chetwheel/* Yacc grammar for bash. */ /* Copyright (C) 1989 Free Software Foundation, Inc. This file is part of GNU Bash, the Bourne Again SHell. Bash is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 1, or (at your option) any later version. Bash is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details. You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with Bash; see the file LICENSE. If not, write to the Free Software Foundation, 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. */ %{ #include #include "bashtypes.h" #include #include "bashansi.h" #include "shell.h" #include "flags.h" #include "input.h" #if defined (READLINE) # include #endif /* READLINE */ #if defined (HISTORY) # include "bashhist.h" # include #endif /* HISTORY */ #if defined (JOB_CONTROL) # include "jobs.h" #endif /* JOB_CONTROL */ #if defined (ALIAS) # include "alias.h" #endif /* ALIAS */ #if defined (PROMPT_STRING_DECODE) #include #include #include "maxpath.h" #endif /* PROMPT_STRING_DECODE */ #define YYDEBUG 1 extern int eof_encountered; extern int no_line_editing; extern int current_command_number; extern int interactive, interactive_shell, login_shell; extern int posixly_correct; extern int last_command_exit_value; extern int interrupt_immediately; extern char *shell_name, *current_host_name; extern Function *last_shell_builtin, *this_shell_builtin; #if defined (READLINE) extern int bash_readline_initialized; #endif #if defined (BUFFERED_INPUT) extern int bash_input_fd_changed; #endif /* **************************************************************** */ /* */ /* "Forward" declarations */ /* */ /* **************************************************************** */ /* This is kind of sickening. In order to let these variables be seen by all the functions that need them, I am forced to place their declarations far away from the place where they should logically be found. */ static int reserved_word_acceptable (); static int read_token (); static void report_syntax_error (); static void handle_eof_input_unit (); static void prompt_again (); static void reset_readline_prompt (); static void print_prompt (); /* PROMPT_STRING_POINTER points to one of these, never to an actual string. */ char *ps1_prompt, *ps2_prompt; /* Handle on the current prompt string. Indirectly points through ps1_ or ps2_prompt. */ char **prompt_string_pointer = (char **)NULL; char *current_prompt_string; /* The decoded prompt string. Used if READLINE is not defined or if editing is turned off. Analogous to current_readline_prompt. */ static char *current_decoded_prompt; /* The number of lines read from input while creating the current command. */ int current_command_line_count = 0; /* Variables to manage the task of reading here documents, because we need to defer the reading until after a complete command has been collected. */ static REDIRECT *redir_stack[10]; int need_here_doc = 0; /* Where shell input comes from. History expansion is performed on each line when the shell is interactive. */ static char *shell_input_line = (char *)NULL; static int shell_input_line_index = 0; static int shell_input_line_size = 0; /* Amount allocated for shell_input_line. */ static int shell_input_line_len = 0; /* strlen (shell_input_line) */ /* Either zero or EOF. */ static int shell_input_line_terminator = 0; static REDIRECTEE redir; %} %union { WORD_DESC *word; /* the word that we read. */ int number; /* the number that we read. */ WORD_LIST *word_list; COMMAND *command; REDIRECT *redirect; ELEMENT element; PATTERN_LIST *pattern; } /* Reserved words. Members of the first group are only recognized in the case that they are preceded by a list_terminator. Members of the second group are recognized only under special circumstances. */ %token IF THEN ELSE ELIF FI CASE ESAC FOR SELECT WHILE UNTIL DO DONE FUNCTION %token IN BANG /* More general tokens. yylex () knows how to make these. */ %token WORD ASSIGNMENT_WORD %token NUMBER %token AND_AND OR_OR GREATER_GREATER LESS_LESS LESS_AND %token GREATER_AND SEMI_SEMI LESS_LESS_MINUS AND_GREATER LESS_GREATER %token GREATER_BAR /* The types that the various syntactical units return. */ %type inputunit command pipeline %type list list0 list1 simple_list simple_list1 %type simple_command shell_command_1 shell_command select_command %type group_command function_def if_command elif_clause subshell %type redirection redirections %type simple_command_element %type words pattern %type pattern_list case_clause_sequence case_clause_1 pattern_list_1 %start inputunit %left '&' ';' '\n' yacc_EOF %left AND_AND OR_OR %right '|' %% inputunit: simple_list '\n' { /* Case of regular command. Discard the error safety net,and return the command just parsed. */ global_command = $1; eof_encountered = 0; discard_parser_constructs (0); YYACCEPT; } | '\n' { /* Case of regular command, but not a very interesting one. Return a NULL command. */ global_command = (COMMAND *)NULL; YYACCEPT; } | error '\n' { /* Error during parsing. Return NULL command. */ global_command = (COMMAND *)NULL; eof_encountered = 0; discard_parser_constructs (1); if (interactive) { YYACCEPT; } else { YYABORT; } } | yacc_EOF { /* Case of EOF seen by itself. Do ignoreeof or not. */ global_command = (COMMAND *)NULL; handle_eof_input_unit (); YYACCEPT; } ; words: { $$ = (WORD_LIST *)NULL; } | words WORD { $$ = make_word_list ($2, $1); } ; redirection: '>' WORD { redir.filename = $2; $$ = make_redirection (1, r_output_direction, redir); } | '<' WORD { redir.filename = $2; $$ = make_redirection (0, r_input_direction, redir); } | NUMBER '>' WORD { redir.filename = $3; $$ = make_redirection ($1, r_output_direction, redir); } | NUMBER '<' WORD { redir.filename = $3; $$ = make_redirection ($1, r_input_direction, redir); } | GREATER_GREATER WORD { redir.filename = $2; $$ = make_redirection (1, r_appending_to, redir); } | NUMBER GREATER_GREATER WORD { redir.filename = $3; $$ = make_redirection ($1, r_appending_to, redir); } | LESS_LESS WORD { redir.filename = $2; $$ = make_redirection (0, r_reading_until, redir); redir_stack[need_here_doc++] = $$; } | NUMBER LESS_LESS WORD { redir.filename = $3; $$ = make_redirection ($1, r_reading_until, redir); redir_stack[need_here_doc++] = $$; } | LESS_AND NUMBER { redir.dest = $2; $$ = make_redirection (0, r_duplicating_input, redir); } | NUMBER LESS_AND NUMBER { redir.dest = $3; $$ = make_redirection ($1, r_duplicating_input, redir); } | GREATER_AND NUMBER { redir.dest = $2; $$ = make_redirection (1, r_duplicating_output, redir); } | NUMBER GREATER_AND NUMBER { redir.dest = $3; $$ = make_redirection ($1, r_duplicating_output, redir); } | LESS_AND WORD { redir.filename = $2; $$ = make_redirection (0, r_duplicating_input_word, redir); } | NUMBER LESS_AND WORD { redir.filename = $3; $$ = make_redirection ($1, r_duplicating_input_word, redir); } | GREATER_AND WORD { redir.filename = $2; $$ = make_redirection (1, r_duplicating_output_word, redir); } | NUMBER GREATER_AND WORD { redir.filename = $3; $$ = make_redirection ($1, r_duplicating_output_word, redir); } | LESS_LESS_MINUS WORD { redir.filename = $2; $$ = make_redirection (0, r_deblank_reading_until, redir); redir_stack[need_here_doc++] = $$; } | NUMBER LESS_LESS_MINUS WORD { redir.filename = $3; $$ = make_redirection ($1, r_deblank_reading_until, redir); redir_stack[need_here_doc++] = $$; } | GREATER_AND '-' { redir.dest = 0L; $$ = make_redirection (1, r_close_this, redir); } | NUMBER GREATER_AND '-' { redir.dest = 0L; $$ = make_redirection ($1, r_close_this, redir); } | LESS_AND '-' { redir.dest = 0L; $$ = make_redirection (0, r_close_this, redir); } | NUMBER LESS_AND '-' { redir.dest = 0L; $$ = make_redirection ($1, r_close_this, redir); } | AND_GREATER WORD { redir.filename = $2; $$ = make_redirection (1, r_err_and_out, redir); } | NUMBER LESS_GREATER WORD { redir.filename = $3; $$ = make_redirection ($1, r_input_output, redir); } | LESS_GREATER WORD { REDIRECT *t1, *t2; redir.filename = $2; if (posixly_correct) $$ = make_redirection (0, r_input_output, redir); else { t1 = make_redirection (0, r_input_direction, redir); redir.filename = copy_word ($2); t2 = make_redirection (1, r_output_direction, redir); t1->next = t2; $$ = t1; } } | GREATER_BAR WORD { redir.filename = $2; $$ = make_redirection (1, r_output_force, redir); } | NUMBER GREATER_BAR WORD { redir.filename = $3; $$ = make_redirection ($1, r_output_force, redir); } ; simple_command_element: WORD { $$.word = $1; $$.redirect = 0; } | ASSIGNMENT_WORD { $$.word = $1; $$.redirect = 0; } | redirection { $$.redirect = $1; $$.word = 0; } ; redirections: redirection { $$ = $1; } | redirections redirection { register REDIRECT *t = $1; while (t->next) t = t->next; t->next = $2; $$ = $1; } ; simple_command: simple_command_element { $$ = make_simple_command ($1, (COMMAND *)NULL); } | simple_command simple_command_element { $$ = make_simple_command ($2, $1); } ; command: simple_command { $$ = clean_simple_command ($1); } | shell_command { $$ = $1; } ; shell_command: shell_command_1 { $$ = $1; } | shell_command_1 redirections { if ($1->redirects) { register REDIRECT *t; for (t = $1->redirects; t->next; t = t->next) ; t->next = $2; } else $1->redirects = $2; $$ = $1; } ; shell_command_1: FOR WORD newlines DO list DONE { $$ = make_for_command ($2, add_string_to_list ("\"$@\"", (WORD_LIST *)NULL), $5); } | FOR WORD newlines '{' list '}' { $$ = make_for_command ($2, add_string_to_list ("$@", (WORD_LIST *)NULL), $5); } | FOR WORD ';' newlines DO list DONE { $$ = make_for_command ($2, add_string_to_list ("\"$@\"", (WORD_LIST *)NULL), $6); } | FOR WORD ';' newlines '{' list '}' { $$ = make_for_command ($2, add_string_to_list ("\"$@\"", (WORD_LIST *)NULL), $6); } | FOR WORD newlines IN words list_terminator newlines DO list DONE { $$ = make_for_command ($2, REVERSE_LIST ($5, WORD_LIST *), $9); } | FOR WORD newlines IN words list_terminator newlines '{' list '}' { $$ = make_for_command ($2, REVERSE_LIST ($5, WORD_LIST *), $9); } | CASE WORD newlines IN newlines ESAC { $$ = make_case_command ($2, (PATTERN_LIST *)NULL); } | CASE WORD newlines IN case_clause_sequence newlines ESAC { $$ = make_case_command ($2, $5); } | CASE WORD newlines IN case_clause_1 ESAC { $$ = make_case_command ($2, $5); } | WHILE list DO list DONE { $$ = make_while_command ($2, $4); } | UNTIL list DO list DONE { $$ = make_until_command ($2, $4); } | select_command { $$ = $1; } | if_command { $$ = $1; } | subshell { $$ = $1; } | group_command { $$ = $1; } | function_def { $$ = $1; } ; select_command: SELECT WORD newlines DO list DONE { #if defined (SELECT_COMMAND) $$ = make_select_command ($2, add_string_to_list ("\"$@\"", (WORD_LIST *)NULL), $5); #endif } | SELECT WORD newlines '{' list '}' { #if defined (SELECT_COMMAND) $$ = make_select_command ($2, add_string_to_list ("$@", (WORD_LIST *)NULL), $5); #endif } | SELECT WORD ';' newlines DO list DONE { #if defined (SELECT_COMMAND) $$ = make_select_command ($2, add_string_to_list ("\"$@\"", (WORD_LIST *)NULL), $6); #endif } | SELECT WORD ';' newlines '{' list '}' { #if defined (SELECT_COMMAND) $$ = make_select_command ($2, add_string_to_list ("\"$@\"", (WORD_LIST *)NULL), $6); #endif } | SELECT WORD newlines IN words list_terminator newlines DO list DONE { #if defined (SELECT_COMMAND) $$ = make_select_command ($2, (WORD_LIST *)reverse_list ($5), $9); #endif } | SELECT WORD newlines IN words list_terminator newlines '{' list '}' { #if defined (SELECT_COMMAND) $$ = make_select_command ($2, (WORD_LIST *)reverse_list ($5), $9); #endif } ; function_def: WORD '(' ')' newlines group_command { $$ = make_function_def ($1, $5); } | WORD '(' ')' newlines group_command redirections { $5->redirects = $6; $$ = make_function_def ($1, $5); } | FUNCTION WORD '(' ')' newlines group_command { $$ = make_function_def ($2, $6); } | FUNCTION WORD '(' ')' newlines group_command redirections { $6->redirects = $7; $$ = make_function_def ($2, $6); } | FUNCTION WORD newlines group_command { $$ = make_function_def ($2, $4); } | FUNCTION WORD newlines group_command redirections { $4->redirects = $5; $$ = make_function_def ($2, $4); } ; subshell: '(' list ')' { $2->flags |= CMD_WANT_SUBSHELL; $$ = $2; } ; if_command: IF list THEN list FI { $$ = make_if_command ($2, $4, (COMMAND *)NULL); } | IF list THEN list ELSE list FI { $$ = make_if_command ($2, $4, $6); } | IF list THEN list elif_clause FI { $$ = make_if_command ($2, $4, $5); } ; group_command: '{' list '}' { $$ = make_group_command ($2); } ; elif_clause: ELIF list THEN list { $$ = make_if_command ($2, $4, (COMMAND *)NULL); } | ELIF list THEN list ELSE list { $$ = make_if_command ($2, $4, $6); } | ELIF list THEN list elif_clause { $$ = make_if_command ($2, $4, $5); } ; case_clause_1: pattern_list_1 | case_clause_sequence pattern_list_1 { $2->next = $1; $$ = $2; } ; pattern_list_1: newlines pattern ')' list { $$ = make_pattern_list ($2, $4); } | newlines pattern ')' newlines { $$ = make_pattern_list ($2, (COMMAND *)NULL); } | newlines '(' pattern ')' list { $$ = make_pattern_list ($3, $5); } | newlines '(' pattern ')' newlines { $$ = make_pattern_list ($3, (COMMAND *)NULL); } ; case_clause_sequence: pattern_list | case_clause_sequence pattern_list { $2->next = $1; $$ = $2; } ; pattern_list: newlines pattern ')' list SEMI_SEMI { $$ = make_pattern_list ($2, $4); } | newlines pattern ')' newlines SEMI_SEMI { $$ = make_pattern_list ($2, (COMMAND *)NULL); } | newlines '(' pattern ')' list SEMI_SEMI { $$ = make_pattern_list ($3, $5); } | newlines '(' pattern ')' newlines SEMI_SEMI { $$ = make_pattern_list ($3, (COMMAND *)NULL); } ; pattern: WORD { $$ = make_word_list ($1, (WORD_LIST *)NULL); } | pattern '|' WORD { $$ = make_word_list ($3, $1); } ; /* A list allows leading or trailing newlines and newlines as operators (equivalent to semicolons). It must end with a newline or semicolon. Lists are used within commands such as if, for, while. */ list: newlines list0 { $$ = $2; if (need_here_doc) gather_here_documents (); } ; list0: list1 | list1 '\n' newlines | list1 '&' newlines { if ($1->type == cm_connection) $$ = connect_async_list ($1, (COMMAND *)NULL, '&'); else $$ = command_connect ($1, (COMMAND *)NULL, '&'); } | list1 ';' newlines ; list1: list1 AND_AND newlines list1 { $$ = command_connect ($1, $4, AND_AND); } | list1 OR_OR newlines list1 { $$ = command_connect ($1, $4, OR_OR); } | list1 '&' newlines list1 { if ($1->type == cm_connection) $$ = connect_async_list ($1, $4, '&'); else $$ = command_connect ($1, $4, '&'); } | list1 ';' newlines list1 { $$ = command_connect ($1, $4, ';'); } | list1 '\n' newlines list1 { $$ = command_connect ($1, $4, ';'); } | pipeline { $$ = $1; } | BANG pipeline { $2->flags |= CMD_INVERT_RETURN; $$ = $2; } ; list_terminator:'\n' | ';' | yacc_EOF ; newlines: | newlines '\n' ; /* A simple_list is a list that contains no significant newlines and no leading or trailing newlines. Newlines are allowed only following operators, where they are not significant. This is what an inputunit consists of. */ simple_list: simple_list1 { $$ = $1; if (need_here_doc) gather_here_documents (); } | simple_list1 '&' { if ($1->type == cm_connection) $$ = connect_async_list ($1, (COMMAND *)NULL, '&'); else $$ = command_connect ($1, (COMMAND *)NULL, '&'); if (need_here_doc) gather_here_documents (); } | simple_list1 ';' { $$ = $1; if (need_here_doc) gather_here_documents (); } ; simple_list1: simple_list1 AND_AND newlines simple_list1 { $$ = command_connect ($1, $4, AND_AND); } | simple_list1 OR_OR newlines simple_list1 { $$ = command_connect ($1, $4, OR_OR); } | simple_list1 '&' simple_list1 { if ($1->type == cm_connection) $$ = connect_async_list ($1, $3, '&'); else $$ = command_connect ($1, $3, '&'); } | simple_list1 ';' simple_list1 { $$ = command_connect ($1, $3, ';'); } | pipeline { $$ = $1; } | BANG pipeline { $2->flags |= CMD_INVERT_RETURN; $$ = $2; } ; pipeline: pipeline '|' newlines pipeline { $$ = command_connect ($1, $4, '|'); } | command { $$ = $1; } ; %% /* Initial size to allocate for tokens, and the amount to grow them by. */ #define TOKEN_DEFAULT_GROW_SIZE 512 /* The token currently being read. */ static int current_token = 0; /* The last read token, or NULL. read_token () uses this for context checking. */ static int last_read_token = 0; /* The token read prior to last_read_token. */ static int token_before_that = 0; /* If non-zero, it is the token that we want read_token to return regardless of what text is (or isn't) present to be read. This is reset by read_token. */ static int token_to_read = 0; /* Global var is non-zero when end of file has been reached. */ int EOF_Reached = 0; /* yy_getc () returns the next available character from input or EOF. yy_ungetc (c) makes `c' the next character to read. init_yy_io (get, unget, type, location) makes the function GET the installed function for getting the next character, makes UNGET the installed function for un-getting a character, sets the type of stream (either string or file) from TYPE, and makes LOCATION point to where the input is coming from. */ /* Unconditionally returns end-of-file. */ return_EOF () { return (EOF); } /* Variable containing the current get and unget functions. See ./input.h for a clearer description. */ BASH_INPUT bash_input; /* Set all of the fields in BASH_INPUT to NULL. */ void initialize_bash_input () { bash_input.type = 0; bash_input.name = (char *)NULL; bash_input.location.file = (FILE *)NULL; bash_input.location.string = (char *)NULL; bash_input.getter = (Function *)NULL; bash_input.ungetter = (Function *)NULL; } /* Set the contents of the current bash input stream from GET, UNGET, TYPE, NAME, and LOCATION. */ void init_yy_io (get, unget, type, name, location) Function *get, *unget; int type; char *name; INPUT_STREAM location; { bash_input.type = type; FREE (bash_input.name); if (name) bash_input.name = savestring (name); else bash_input.name = (char *)NULL; #if defined (CRAY) memcpy((char *)&bash_input.location.string, (char *)&location.string, sizeof(location)); #else bash_input.location = location; #endif bash_input.getter = get; bash_input.ungetter = unget; } /* Call this to get the next character of input. */ yy_getc () { return (*(bash_input.getter)) (); } /* Call this to unget C. That is, to make C the next character to be read. */ yy_ungetc (c) int c; { return (*(bash_input.ungetter)) (c); } #if defined (BUFFERED_INPUT) int input_file_descriptor () { switch (bash_input.type) { case st_stream: return (fileno (bash_input.location.file)); case st_bstream: return (bash_input.location.buffered_fd); default: return (fileno (stdin)); } } #endif /* BUFFERED_INPUT */ /* **************************************************************** */ /* */ /* Let input be read from readline (). */ /* */ /* **************************************************************** */ #if defined (READLINE) char *current_readline_prompt = (char *)NULL; char *current_readline_line = (char *)NULL; int current_readline_line_index = 0; static int yy_readline_get () { if (!current_readline_line) { SigHandler *old_sigint; int line_len; if (!bash_readline_initialized) initialize_readline (); #if defined (JOB_CONTROL) if (job_control) give_terminal_to (shell_pgrp); #endif /* JOB_CONTROL */ if (signal_is_ignored (SIGINT) == 0) { old_sigint = (SigHandler *)set_signal_handler (SIGINT, sigint_sighandler); interrupt_immediately++; } if (!current_readline_prompt) current_readline_line = readline (""); else current_readline_line = readline (current_readline_prompt); if (signal_is_ignored (SIGINT) == 0) { interrupt_immediately--; set_signal_handler (SIGINT, old_sigint); } /* Reset the prompt to whatever is in the decoded value of prompt_string_pointer. */ reset_readline_prompt (); current_readline_line_index = 0; if (!current_readline_line) return (EOF); line_len = strlen (current_readline_line); current_readline_line = xrealloc (current_readline_line, 2 + line_len); current_readline_line[line_len++] = '\n'; current_readline_line[line_len] = '\0'; } if (!current_readline_line[current_readline_line_index]) { free (current_readline_line); current_readline_line = (char *)NULL; return (yy_readline_get ()); } else { int c = current_readline_line[current_readline_line_index++]; return (c); } } static int yy_readline_unget (c) { if (current_readline_line_index && current_readline_line) current_readline_line[--current_readline_line_index] = c; return (c); } void with_input_from_stdin () { INPUT_STREAM location; if (bash_input.type != st_stdin && stream_on_stack (st_stdin) == 0) { location.string = current_readline_line; init_yy_io (yy_readline_get, yy_readline_unget, st_stdin, "readline stdin", location); } } #else /* !READLINE */ void with_input_from_stdin () { with_input_from_stream (stdin, "stdin"); } #endif /* !READLINE */ /* **************************************************************** */ /* */ /* Let input come from STRING. STRING is zero terminated. */ /* */ /* **************************************************************** */ static int yy_string_get () { register char *string; register int c; string = bash_input.location.string; c = EOF; /* If the string doesn't exist, or is empty, EOF found. */ if (string && *string) { c = *string++; bash_input.location.string = string; } return (c); } static int yy_string_unget (c) int c; { *(--bash_input.location.string) = c; return (c); } void with_input_from_string (string, name) char *string; char *name; { INPUT_STREAM location; location.string = string; init_yy_io (yy_string_get, yy_string_unget, st_string, name, location); } /* **************************************************************** */ /* */ /* Let input come from STREAM. */ /* */ /* **************************************************************** */ static int yy_stream_get () { int result = EOF; if (bash_input.location.file) #if defined (NO_READ_RESTART_ON_SIGNAL) result = getc_with_restart (bash_input.location.file); #else result = getc (bash_input.location.file); #endif /* !NO_READ_RESTART_ON_SIGNAL */ return (result); } static int yy_stream_unget (c) int c; { return (ungetc (c, bash_input.location.file)); } void with_input_from_stream (stream, name) FILE *stream; char *name; { INPUT_STREAM location; location.file = stream; init_yy_io (yy_stream_get, yy_stream_unget, st_stream, name, location); } typedef struct stream_saver { struct stream_saver *next; BASH_INPUT bash_input; int line; #if defined (BUFFERED_INPUT) BUFFERED_STREAM *bstream; #endif /* BUFFERED_INPUT */ } STREAM_SAVER; /* The globally known line number. */ int line_number = 0; STREAM_SAVER *stream_list = (STREAM_SAVER *)NULL; push_stream () { STREAM_SAVER *saver = (STREAM_SAVER *)xmalloc (sizeof (STREAM_SAVER)); xbcopy ((char *)&bash_input, (char *)&(saver->bash_input), sizeof (BASH_INPUT)); #if defined (BUFFERED_INPUT) saver->bstream = (BUFFERED_STREAM *)NULL; /* If we have a buffered stream, clear out buffers[fd]. */ if (bash_input.type == st_bstream && bash_input.location.buffered_fd >= 0) { saver->bstream = buffers[bash_input.location.buffered_fd]; buffers[bash_input.location.buffered_fd] = (BUFFERED_STREAM *)NULL; } #endif /* BUFFERED_INPUT */ saver->line = line_number; bash_input.name = (char *)NULL; saver->next = stream_list; stream_list = saver; EOF_Reached = line_number = 0; } pop_stream () { int temp; if (!stream_list) EOF_Reached = 1; else { STREAM_SAVER *saver = stream_list; EOF_Reached = 0; stream_list = stream_list->next; init_yy_io (saver->bash_input.getter, saver->bash_input.ungetter, saver->bash_input.type, saver->bash_input.name, saver->bash_input.location); #if defined (BUFFERED_INPUT) /* If we have a buffered stream, restore buffers[fd]. */ /* If the input file descriptor was changed while this was on the save stack, update the buffered fd to the new file descriptor and re-establish the buffer <-> bash_input fd correspondence. */ if (bash_input.type == st_bstream && bash_input.location.buffered_fd >= 0) { if (bash_input_fd_changed) { bash_input_fd_changed = 0; if (default_buffered_input >= 0) { bash_input.location.buffered_fd = default_buffered_input; saver->bstream->b_fd = default_buffered_input; } } buffers[bash_input.location.buffered_fd] = saver->bstream; } #endif /* BUFFERED_INPUT */ line_number = saver->line; FREE (saver->bash_input.name); free (saver); } } /* Return 1 if a stream of type TYPE is saved on the stack. */ int stream_on_stack (type) int type; { register STREAM_SAVER *s; for (s = stream_list; s; s = s->next) if (s->bash_input.type == type) return 1; return 0; } /* * This is used to inhibit alias expansion and reserved word recognition * inside case statement pattern lists. A `case statement pattern list' * is: * everything between the `in' in a `case word in' and the next ')' * or `esac' * everything between a `;;' and the next `)' or `esac' */ static int in_case_pattern_list = 0; #if defined (ALIAS) /* * Pseudo-global variables used in implementing token-wise alias expansion. */ static int expand_next_token = 0; /* * Pushing and popping strings. This works together with shell_getc to * implement alias expansion on a per-token basis. */ typedef struct string_saver { struct string_saver *next; int expand_alias; /* Value to set expand_alias to when string is popped. */ char *saved_line; int saved_line_size, saved_line_index, saved_line_terminator; } STRING_SAVER; STRING_SAVER *pushed_string_list = (STRING_SAVER *)NULL; static void save_expansion (); /* * Push the current shell_input_line onto a stack of such lines and make S * the current input. Used when expanding aliases. EXPAND is used to set * the value of expand_next_token when the string is popped, so that the * word after the alias in the original line is handled correctly when the * alias expands to multiple words. TOKEN is the token that was expanded * into S; it is saved and used to prevent infinite recursive expansion. */ static void push_string (s, expand, token) char *s; int expand; char *token; { STRING_SAVER *temp = (STRING_SAVER *) xmalloc (sizeof (STRING_SAVER)); temp->expand_alias = expand; temp->saved_line = shell_input_line; temp->saved_line_size = shell_input_line_size; temp->saved_line_index = shell_input_line_index; temp->saved_line_terminator = shell_input_line_terminator; temp->next = pushed_string_list; pushed_string_list = temp; save_expansion (token); shell_input_line = s; shell_input_line_size = strlen (s); shell_input_line_index = 0; shell_input_line_terminator = '\0'; expand_next_token = 0; } /* * Make the top of the pushed_string stack be the current shell input. * Only called when there is something on the stack. Called from shell_getc * when it thinks it has consumed the string generated by an alias expansion * and needs to return to the original input line. */ static void pop_string () { STRING_SAVER *t; FREE (shell_input_line); shell_input_line = pushed_string_list->saved_line; shell_input_line_index = pushed_string_list->saved_line_index; shell_input_line_size = pushed_string_list->saved_line_size; shell_input_line_terminator = pushed_string_list->saved_line_terminator; expand_next_token = pushed_string_list->expand_alias; t = pushed_string_list; pushed_string_list = pushed_string_list->next; free((char *)t); } static void free_string_list () { register STRING_SAVER *t = pushed_string_list, *t1; while (t) { t1 = t->next; FREE (t->saved_line); free ((char *)t); t = t1; } pushed_string_list = (STRING_SAVER *)NULL; } /* This is a stack to save the values of all tokens for which alias expansion has been performed during the current call to read_token (). It is used to prevent alias expansion loops: alias foo=bar alias bar=baz alias baz=foo Ideally this would be taken care of by push and pop string, but because of when strings are popped the stack will not contain the correct strings to test against. (The popping is done in shell_getc, so that when the current string is exhausted, shell_getc can simply pop that string off the stack, restore the previous string, and continue with the character following the token whose expansion was originally pushed on the stack.) What we really want is a record of all tokens that have been expanded for aliases during the `current' call to read_token(). This does that, at the cost of being somewhat special-purpose (OK, OK vile and unclean). */ typedef struct _exp_saver { struct _exp_saver *next; char *saved_token; } EXPANSION_SAVER; EXPANSION_SAVER *expanded_token_stack = (EXPANSION_SAVER *)NULL; static void save_expansion (s) char *s; { EXPANSION_SAVER *t; t = (EXPANSION_SAVER *) xmalloc (sizeof (EXPANSION_SAVER)); t->saved_token = savestring (s); t->next = expanded_token_stack; expanded_token_stack = t; } /* Return 1 if TOKEN has already been expanded in the current `stack' of expansions. If it has been expanded already, it will appear as the value of saved_token for some entry in the stack of expansions created for the current token being expanded. */ static int token_has_been_expanded (token) char *token; { register EXPANSION_SAVER *t = expanded_token_stack; while (t) { if (STREQ (token, t->saved_token)) return (1); t = t->next; } return (0); } static void free_expansion_stack () { register EXPANSION_SAVER *t = expanded_token_stack, *t1; while (t) { t1 = t->next; free (t->saved_token); free (t); t = t1; } expanded_token_stack = (EXPANSION_SAVER *)NULL; } #endif /* ALIAS */ /* Return a line of text, taken from wherever yylex () reads input. If there is no more input, then we return NULL. If REMOVE_QUOTED_NEWLINE is non-zero, we remove unquoted \ pairs. This is used by read_secondary_line to read here documents. */ static char * read_a_line (remove_quoted_newline) int remove_quoted_newline; { static char *line_buffer = (char *)NULL; static int buffer_size = 0; int indx = 0, c, peekc, pass_next; pass_next = 0; while (1) { c = yy_getc (); /* Allow immediate exit if interrupted during input. */ QUIT; if (c == 0) continue; /* If there is no more input, then we return NULL. */ if (c == EOF) { if (indx == 0) return ((char *)NULL); c = '\n'; } /* `+2' in case the final character in the buffer is a newline. */ if (indx + 2 > buffer_size) if (!buffer_size) line_buffer = xmalloc (buffer_size = 128); else line_buffer = xrealloc (line_buffer, buffer_size += 128); /* IF REMOVE_QUOTED_NEWLINES is non-zero, we are reading a here document with an unquoted delimiter. In this case, the line will be expanded as if it were in double quotes. We allow a backslash to escape the next character, but we need to treat the backslash specially only if a backslash quoting a backslash-newline pair appears in the line. */ if (pass_next) { line_buffer[indx++] = c; pass_next = 0; } else if (c == '\\' && remove_quoted_newline) { peekc = yy_getc (); if (peekc == '\n') continue; /* Make the unquoted \ pair disappear. */ else { yy_ungetc (peekc); pass_next = 1; line_buffer[indx++] = c; /* Preserve the backslash. */ } } else line_buffer[indx++] = c; if (c == '\n') { line_buffer[indx] = '\0'; return (line_buffer); } } } /* Return a line as in read_a_line (), but insure that the prompt is the secondary prompt. This is used to read the lines of a here document. REMOVE_QUOTED_NEWLINE is non-zero if we should remove newlines quoted with backslashes while reading the line. It is non-zero unless the delimiter of the here document was quoted. */ char * read_secondary_line (remove_quoted_newline) int remove_quoted_newline; { prompt_string_pointer = &ps2_prompt; prompt_again (); return (read_a_line (remove_quoted_newline)); } /* **************************************************************** */ /* */ /* YYLEX () */ /* */ /* **************************************************************** */ /* Reserved words. These are only recognized as the first word of a command. */ STRING_INT_ALIST word_token_alist[] = { { "if", IF }, { "then", THEN }, { "else", ELSE }, { "elif", ELIF }, { "fi", FI }, { "case", CASE }, { "esac", ESAC }, { "for", FOR }, #if defined (SELECT_COMMAND) { "select", SELECT }, #endif { "while", WHILE }, { "until", UNTIL }, { "do", DO }, { "done", DONE }, { "in", IN }, { "function", FUNCTION }, { "{", '{' }, { "}", '}' }, { "!", BANG }, { (char *)NULL, 0} }; /* Return the next shell input character. This always reads characters from shell_input_line; when that line is exhausted, it is time to read the next line. This is called by read_token when the shell is processing normal command input. */ static int shell_getc (remove_quoted_newline) int remove_quoted_newline; { int c; QUIT; #if defined (ALIAS) /* If shell_input_line[shell_input_line_index] == 0, but there is something on the pushed list of strings, then we don't want to go off and get another line. We let the code down below handle it. */ if (!shell_input_line || ((!shell_input_line[shell_input_line_index]) && (pushed_string_list == (STRING_SAVER *)NULL))) #else /* !ALIAS */ if (!shell_input_line || !shell_input_line[shell_input_line_index]) #endif /* !ALIAS */ { register int i, l; restart_read_next_line: line_number++; restart_read: /* Allow immediate exit if interrupted during input. */ QUIT; i = 0; shell_input_line_terminator = 0; #if defined (JOB_CONTROL) /* This can cause a problem when reading a command as the result of a trap, when the trap is called from flush_child. This call had better not cause jobs to disappear from the job table in that case, or we will have big trouble. */ notify_and_cleanup (); #else /* !JOB_CONTROL */ cleanup_dead_jobs (); #endif /* !JOB_CONTROL */ #if defined (READLINE) if (interactive && bash_input.type != st_string && no_line_editing) #else if (interactive && bash_input.type != st_string) #endif print_prompt (); if (bash_input.type == st_stream) clearerr (stdin); while (c = yy_getc ()) { /* Allow immediate exit if interrupted during input. */ QUIT; if (i + 2 > shell_input_line_size) shell_input_line = xrealloc (shell_input_line, shell_input_line_size += 256); if (c == EOF) { if (bash_input.type == st_stream) clearerr (stdin); if (!i) shell_input_line_terminator = EOF; shell_input_line[i] = '\0'; break; } shell_input_line[i++] = c; if (c == '\n') { shell_input_line[--i] = '\0'; current_command_line_count++; break; } } shell_input_line_index = 0; shell_input_line_len = i; /* == strlen (shell_input_line) */ #if defined (HISTORY) if (interactive && shell_input_line && shell_input_line[0]) { char *expansions; expansions = pre_process_line (shell_input_line, 1, 1); free (shell_input_line); shell_input_line = expansions; shell_input_line_len = shell_input_line ? strlen (shell_input_line) : 0; if (!shell_input_line_len) current_command_line_count--; /* We have to force the xrealloc below because we don't know the true allocated size of shell_input_line anymore. */ shell_input_line_size = shell_input_line_len; } #endif /* HISTORY */ if (shell_input_line) { /* Lines that signify the end of the shell's input should not be echoed. */ if (echo_input_at_read && (shell_input_line[0] || shell_input_line_terminator != EOF)) fprintf (stderr, "%s\n", shell_input_line); } else { shell_input_line_size = 0; prompt_string_pointer = ¤t_prompt_string; prompt_again (); goto restart_read; } /* Add the newline to the end of this string, iff the string does not already end in an EOF character. */ if (shell_input_line_terminator != EOF) { l = shell_input_line_len; /* was a call to strlen */ if (l + 3 > shell_input_line_size) shell_input_line = xrealloc (shell_input_line, 1 + (shell_input_line_size += 2)); shell_input_line[l] = '\n'; shell_input_line[l + 1] = '\0'; } } c = shell_input_line[shell_input_line_index]; if (c) shell_input_line_index++; if (c == '\\' && remove_quoted_newline && shell_input_line[shell_input_line_index] == '\n') { prompt_again (); goto restart_read_next_line; } #if defined (ALIAS) /* If C is NULL, we have reached the end of the current input string. If pushed_string_list is non-empty, it's time to pop to the previous string because we have fully consumed the result of the last alias expansion. Do it transparently; just return the next character of the string popped to. */ if (!c && (pushed_string_list != (STRING_SAVER *)NULL)) { pop_string (); c = shell_input_line[shell_input_line_index]; if (c) shell_input_line_index++; } #endif /* ALIAS */ if (!c && shell_input_line_terminator == EOF) { if (shell_input_line_index != 0) return ('\n'); else return (EOF); } return ((unsigned char)c); } /* Put C back into the input for the shell. */ static void shell_ungetc (c) int c; { if (shell_input_line && shell_input_line_index) shell_input_line[--shell_input_line_index] = c; } /* Discard input until CHARACTER is seen. */ static void discard_until (character) int character; { int c; while ((c = shell_getc (0)) != EOF && c != character) ; if (c != EOF) shell_ungetc (c); } /* Place to remember the token. We try to keep the buffer at a reasonable size, but it can grow. */ static char *token = (char *)NULL; /* Current size of the token buffer. */ static int token_buffer_size = 0; void execute_prompt_command (command) char *command; { Function *temp_last, *temp_this; char *last_lastarg; int temp_exit_value, temp_eof_encountered; temp_last = last_shell_builtin; temp_this = this_shell_builtin; temp_exit_value = last_command_exit_value; temp_eof_encountered = eof_encountered; last_lastarg = get_string_value ("_"); if (last_lastarg) last_lastarg = savestring (last_lastarg); parse_and_execute (savestring (command), "PROMPT_COMMAND", 0); last_shell_builtin = temp_last; this_shell_builtin = temp_this; last_command_exit_value = temp_exit_value; eof_encountered = temp_eof_encountered; bind_variable ("_", last_lastarg); FREE (last_lastarg); } /* Command to read_token () explaining what we want it to do. */ #define READ 0 #define RESET 1 #define prompt_is_ps1 \ (!prompt_string_pointer || prompt_string_pointer == &ps1_prompt) /* Function for yyparse to call. yylex keeps track of the last two tokens read, and calls read_token. */ yylex () { if (interactive && (!current_token || current_token == '\n')) { /* Before we print a prompt, we might have to check mailboxes. We do this only if it is time to do so. Notice that only here is the mail alarm reset; nothing takes place in check_mail () except the checking of mail. Please don't change this. */ if (prompt_is_ps1 && time_to_check_mail ()) { check_mail (); reset_mail_timer (); } /* Avoid printing a prompt if we're not going to read anything, e.g. after resetting the parser with read_token (RESET). */ if (token_to_read == 0 && interactive) prompt_again (); } token_before_that = last_read_token; last_read_token = current_token; current_token = read_token (READ); return (current_token); } /* Called from shell.c when Control-C is typed at top level. Or by the error rule at top level. */ reset_parser () { read_token (RESET); } /* When non-zero, we have read the required tokens which allow ESAC to be the next one read. */ static int allow_esac_as_next = 0; /* When non-zero, accept single '{' as a token itself. */ static int allow_open_brace = 0; /* DELIMITERS is a stack of the nested delimiters that we have encountered so far. */ static char *delimiters = (char *)NULL; /* Offset into the stack of delimiters. */ int delimiter_depth = 0; /* How many slots are allocated to DELIMITERS. */ static int delimiter_space = 0; void gather_here_documents () { int r = 0; while (need_here_doc) { make_here_document (redir_stack[r++]); need_here_doc--; } } /* Macro for accessing the top delimiter on the stack. Returns the delimiter or zero if none. */ #define current_delimiter() \ (delimiter_depth ? delimiters[delimiter_depth - 1] : 0) #define push_delimiter(character) \ do \ { \ if (delimiter_depth + 2 > delimiter_space) \ delimiters = xrealloc \ (delimiters, (delimiter_space += 10) * sizeof (char)); \ delimiters[delimiter_depth] = character; \ delimiter_depth++; \ } \ while (0) /* When non-zero, an open-brace used to create a group is awaiting a close brace partner. */ static int open_brace_awaiting_satisfaction = 0; #define command_token_position(token) \ (((token) == ASSIGNMENT_WORD) || \ ((token) != SEMI_SEMI && reserved_word_acceptable(token))) #define assignment_acceptable(token) command_token_position(token) && \ (in_case_pattern_list == 0) /* Check to see if TOKEN is a reserved word and return the token value if it is. */ #define CHECK_FOR_RESERVED_WORD(tok) \ do { \ if (!dollar_present && !quoted && \ reserved_word_acceptable (last_read_token)) \ { \ int i; \ for (i = 0; word_token_alist[i].word != (char *)NULL; i++) \ if (STREQ (tok, word_token_alist[i].word)) \ { \ if (in_case_pattern_list && (word_token_alist[i].token != ESAC)) \ break; \ \ if (word_token_alist[i].token == ESAC) \ in_case_pattern_list = 0; \ \ if (word_token_alist[i].token == '{') \ open_brace_awaiting_satisfaction++; \ \ return (word_token_alist[i].token); \ } \ } \ } while (0) /* Read the next token. Command can be READ (normal operation) or RESET (to normalize state). */ static int read_token (command) int command; { int character; /* Current character. */ int peek_char; /* Temporary look-ahead character. */ int result; /* The thing to return. */ WORD_DESC *the_word; /* The value for YYLVAL when a WORD is read. */ if (token_buffer_size < TOKEN_DEFAULT_GROW_SIZE) { FREE (token); token = xmalloc (token_buffer_size = TOKEN_DEFAULT_GROW_SIZE); } if (command == RESET) { delimiter_depth = 0; /* No delimiters found so far. */ open_brace_awaiting_satisfaction = 0; in_case_pattern_list = 0; #if defined (ALIAS) if (pushed_string_list) { free_string_list (); pushed_string_list = (STRING_SAVER *)NULL; } if (expanded_token_stack) { free_expansion_stack (); expanded_token_stack = (EXPANSION_SAVER *)NULL; } expand_next_token = 0; #endif /* ALIAS */ if (shell_input_line) { free (shell_input_line); shell_input_line = (char *)NULL; shell_input_line_size = shell_input_line_index = 0; } last_read_token = '\n'; token_to_read = '\n'; return ('\n'); } if (token_to_read) { int rt = token_to_read; token_to_read = 0; return (rt); } #if defined (ALIAS) /* If we hit read_token () and there are no saved strings on the pushed_string_list, then we are no longer currently expanding a token. This can't be done in pop_stream, because pop_stream may pop the stream before the current token has finished being completely expanded (consider what happens when we alias foo to foo, and then try to expand it). */ if (!pushed_string_list && expanded_token_stack) { free_expansion_stack (); expanded_token_stack = (EXPANSION_SAVER *)NULL; } /* This is a place to jump back to once we have successfully expanded a token with an alias and pushed the string with push_string () */ re_read_token: #endif /* ALIAS */ /* Read a single word from input. Start by skipping blanks. */ while ((character = shell_getc (1)) != EOF && whitespace (character)); if (character == EOF) { EOF_Reached = 1; return (yacc_EOF); } if (character == '#' && (!interactive || interactive_comments)) { /* A comment. Discard until EOL or EOF, and then return a newline. */ discard_until ('\n'); shell_getc (0); /* If we're about to return an unquoted newline, we can go and collect the text of any pending here documents. */ if (need_here_doc) gather_here_documents (); #if defined (ALIAS) expand_next_token = 0; #endif /* ALIAS */ return ('\n'); } if (character == '\n') { /* If we're about to return an unquoted newline, we can go and collect the text of any pending here document. */ if (need_here_doc) gather_here_documents (); #if defined (ALIAS) expand_next_token = 0; #endif /* ALIAS */ return (character); } if (member (character, "()<>;&|")) { #if defined (ALIAS) /* Turn off alias tokenization iff this character sequence would not leave us ready to read a command. */ if (character == '<' || character == '>') expand_next_token = 0; #endif /* ALIAS */ /* Please note that the shell does not allow whitespace to appear in between tokens which are character pairs, such as "<<" or ">>". I believe this is the correct behaviour. */ if (character == (peek_char = shell_getc (1))) { switch (character) { /* If '<' then we could be at "<<" or at "<<-". We have to look ahead one more character. */ case '<': peek_char = shell_getc (1); if (peek_char == '-') return (LESS_LESS_MINUS); else { shell_ungetc (peek_char); return (LESS_LESS); } case '>': return (GREATER_GREATER); case ';': in_case_pattern_list = 1; #if defined (ALIAS) expand_next_token = 0; #endif /* ALIAS */ return (SEMI_SEMI); case '&': return (AND_AND); case '|': return (OR_OR); } } else { if (peek_char == '&') { switch (character) { case '<': return (LESS_AND); case '>': return (GREATER_AND); } } if (character == '<' && peek_char == '>') return (LESS_GREATER); if (character == '>' && peek_char == '|') return (GREATER_BAR); if (peek_char == '>' && character == '&') return (AND_GREATER); } shell_ungetc (peek_char); /* If we look like we are reading the start of a function definition, then let the reader know about it so that we will do the right thing with `{'. */ if (character == ')' && last_read_token == '(' && token_before_that == WORD) { allow_open_brace = 1; #if defined (ALIAS) expand_next_token = 0; #endif /* ALIAS */ } if (in_case_pattern_list && (character == ')')) in_case_pattern_list = 0; #if defined (PROCESS_SUBSTITUTION) /* Check for the constructs which introduce process substitution. Shells running in `posix mode' don't do process substitution. */ if (posixly_correct || (((character == '>' || character == '<') && peek_char == '(') == 0)) #endif /* PROCESS_SUBSTITUTION */ return (character); } /* Hack <&- (close stdin) case. */ if (character == '-') { switch (last_read_token) { case LESS_AND: case GREATER_AND: return (character); } } /* Okay, if we got this far, we have to read a word. Read one, and then check it against the known ones. */ { /* Index into the token that we are building. */ int token_index = 0; /* ALL_DIGITS becomes zero when we see a non-digit. */ int all_digits = digit (character); /* DOLLAR_PRESENT becomes non-zero if we see a `$'. */ int dollar_present = 0; /* QUOTED becomes non-zero if we see one of ("), ('), (`), or (\). */ int quoted = 0; /* Non-zero means to ignore the value of the next character, and just to add it no matter what. */ int pass_next_character = 0; /* Non-zero means parsing a dollar-paren construct. It is the count of un-quoted closes we need to see. */ int dollar_paren_level = 0; /* Non-zero means parsing a dollar-bracket construct ($[...]). It is the count of un-quoted `]' characters we need to see. */ int dollar_bracket_level = 0; /* Non-zero means parsing a `${' construct. It is the count of un-quoted `}' we need to see. */ int dollar_brace_level = 0; /* A level variable for parsing '${ ... }' constructs inside of double quotes. */ int delimited_brace_level = 0; /* A boolean variable denoting whether or not we are currently parsing a double-quoted string embedded in a $( ) or ${ } construct. */ int embedded_quoted_string = 0; /* Another level variable. This one is for dollar_parens inside of double-quotes. */ int delimited_paren_level = 0; /* The current delimiting character. */ int cd; for (;;) { if (character == EOF) goto got_token; if (pass_next_character) { pass_next_character = 0; goto got_character; } cd = current_delimiter (); if (cd && character == '\\' && cd != '\'') { peek_char = shell_getc (0); if (peek_char != '\\') shell_ungetc (peek_char); else { token[token_index++] = character; goto got_character; } } /* Handle backslashes. Quote lots of things when not inside of double-quotes, quote some things inside of double-quotes. */ if (character == '\\' && (!delimiter_depth || cd != '\'')) { peek_char = shell_getc (0); /* Backslash-newline is ignored in all cases excepting when quoted with single quotes. */ if (peek_char == '\n') { character = '\n'; goto next_character; } else { shell_ungetc (peek_char); /* If the next character is to be quoted, do it now. */ if (!cd || cd == '`' || (cd == '"' && member (peek_char, slashify_in_quotes))) { pass_next_character++; quoted = 1; goto got_character; } } } /* This is a hack, in its present form. If a backquote substitution appears within double quotes, everything within the backquotes should be read as part of a single word. Jesus. Now I see why Korn introduced the $() form. */ if (delimiter_depth && (cd == '"') && (character == '`')) { push_delimiter (character); goto got_character; } cd = current_delimiter (); /* XXX - may not need */ if (delimiter_depth) { if (character == cd) { /* If we see a double quote while parsing a double-quoted $( ) or ${ }, and we have not seen ) or }, respectively, note that we are in the middle of reading an embedded quoted string. */ if ((delimited_paren_level || delimited_brace_level) && (character == '"')) { embedded_quoted_string = !embedded_quoted_string; goto got_character; } delimiter_depth--; goto got_character; } } if (cd != '\'') { #if defined (PROCESS_SUBSTITUTION) if (character == '$' || character == '<' || character == '>') #else if (character == '$') #endif /* !PROCESS_SUBSTITUTION */ { /* If we're in the middle of parsing a $( ) or ${ } construct with an embedded quoted string, don't bother looking at this character any further. */ if (embedded_quoted_string) goto got_character; peek_char = shell_getc (1); shell_ungetc (peek_char); if (peek_char == '(') { if (!delimiter_depth) dollar_paren_level++; else delimited_paren_level++; pass_next_character++; goto got_character; } else if (peek_char == '[' && character == '$') { if (!delimiter_depth) dollar_bracket_level++; pass_next_character++; goto got_character; } /* This handles ${...} constructs. */ else if (peek_char == '{' && character == '$') { if (!delimiter_depth) dollar_brace_level++; else delimited_brace_level++; pass_next_character++; goto got_character; } } /* If we are parsing a $() or $[] construct, we need to balance parens and brackets inside the construct. This whole function could use a rewrite. */ if (character == '(' && !embedded_quoted_string) { if (delimiter_depth && delimited_paren_level) delimited_paren_level++; if (!delimiter_depth && dollar_paren_level) dollar_paren_level++; } if (character == '[') { if (!delimiter_depth && dollar_bracket_level) dollar_bracket_level++; } if (character == '{' && !embedded_quoted_string) { if (delimiter_depth && delimited_brace_level) delimited_brace_level++; if (!delimiter_depth && dollar_brace_level) dollar_brace_level++; } /* This code needs to take into account whether we are inside a case statement pattern list, and whether this paren is supposed to terminate it (hey, it could happen). It's not as simple as just using in_case_pattern_list, because we're not parsing anything while we're reading a $( ) construct. Maybe we should move that whole mess into the yacc parser. */ if (character == ')' && !embedded_quoted_string) { if (delimiter_depth && delimited_paren_level) delimited_paren_level--; if (!delimiter_depth && dollar_paren_level) { dollar_paren_level--; goto got_character; } } if (character == ']') { if (!delimiter_depth && dollar_bracket_level) { dollar_bracket_level--; goto got_character; } } if (character == '}' && !embedded_quoted_string) { if (delimiter_depth && delimited_brace_level) delimited_brace_level--; if (!delimiter_depth && dollar_brace_level) { dollar_brace_level--; goto got_character; } } } if (!dollar_paren_level && !dollar_bracket_level && !dollar_brace_level && !delimiter_depth && member (character, " \t\n;&()|<>")) { shell_ungetc (character); goto got_token; } if (!delimiter_depth) { if (character == '"' || character == '`' || character == '\'') { push_delimiter (character); quoted = 1; goto got_character; } } if (all_digits) all_digits = digit (character); if (character == '$') dollar_present = 1; got_character: if (character == CTLESC || character == CTLNUL) token[token_index++] = CTLESC; token[token_index++] = character; if (token_index == (token_buffer_size - 1)) { token_buffer_size += TOKEN_DEFAULT_GROW_SIZE; token = xrealloc (token, token_buffer_size); } next_character: if (character == '\n' && interactive && bash_input.type != st_string) prompt_again (); /* We want to remove quoted newlines (that is, a \ pair) unless we are within single quotes or pass_next_character is set (the shell equivalent of literal-next). */ character = shell_getc ((current_delimiter () != '\'') && (!pass_next_character)); } got_token: token[token_index] = '\0'; if ((delimiter_depth || dollar_paren_level || dollar_bracket_level) && character == EOF) { char reporter = '\0'; if (!delimiter_depth) { if (dollar_paren_level) reporter = ')'; else if (dollar_bracket_level) reporter = ']'; } if (!reporter) reporter = current_delimiter (); report_error ("unexpected EOF while looking for `%c'", reporter); return (-1); } if (all_digits) { /* Check to see what thing we should return. If the last_read_token is a `<', or a `&', or the character which ended this token is a '>' or '<', then, and ONLY then, is this input token a NUMBER. Otherwise, it is just a word, and should be returned as such. */ if (character == '<' || character == '>' || last_read_token == LESS_AND || last_read_token == GREATER_AND) { yylval.number = atoi (token); return (NUMBER); } } /* Handle special case. IN is recognized if the last token was WORD and the token before that was FOR or CASE. */ if ((last_read_token == WORD) && #if defined (SELECT_COMMAND) ((token_before_that == FOR) || (token_before_that == CASE) || (token_before_that == SELECT)) && #else ((token_before_that == FOR) || (token_before_that == CASE)) && #endif (token[0] == 'i' && token[1] == 'n' && !token[2])) { if (token_before_that == CASE) { in_case_pattern_list = 1; allow_esac_as_next++; } return (IN); } /* Ditto for DO in the FOR case. */ #if defined (SELECT_COMMAND) if ((last_read_token == WORD) && ((token_before_that == FOR) || (token_before_that == SELECT)) && #else if ((last_read_token == WORD) && (token_before_that == FOR) && #endif (token[0] == 'd' && token[1] == 'o' && !token[2])) return (DO); /* Ditto for ESAC in the CASE case. Specifically, this handles "case word in esac", which is a legal construct, certainly because someone will pass an empty arg to the case construct, and we don't want it to barf. Of course, we should insist that the case construct has at least one pattern in it, but the designers disagree. */ if (allow_esac_as_next) { allow_esac_as_next--; if (STREQ (token, "esac")) { in_case_pattern_list = 0; return (ESAC); } } /* Ditto for `{' in the FUNCTION case. */ if (allow_open_brace) { allow_open_brace = 0; if (token[0] == '{' && !token[1]) { open_brace_awaiting_satisfaction++; return ('{'); } } if (posixly_correct) CHECK_FOR_RESERVED_WORD (token); #if defined (ALIAS) /* OK, we have a token. Let's try to alias expand it, if (and only if) it's eligible. It is eligible for expansion if the shell is in interactive mode, and the token is unquoted and the last token read was a command separator (or expand_next_token is set), and we are currently processing an alias (pushed_string_list is non-empty) and this token is not the same as the current or any previously processed alias. Special cases that disqualify: In a pattern list in a case statement (in_case_pattern_list). */ if (interactive_shell && !quoted && !in_case_pattern_list && (expand_next_token || command_token_position (last_read_token))) { char *alias_expand_word (), *expanded; if (expanded_token_stack && token_has_been_expanded (token)) goto no_expansion; expanded = alias_expand_word (token); if (expanded) { int len = strlen (expanded), expand_next; /* Erase the current token. */ token_index = 0; expand_next = (expanded[len - 1] == ' ') || (expanded[len - 1] == '\t'); push_string (expanded, expand_next, token); goto re_read_token; } else /* This is an eligible token that does not have an expansion. */ no_expansion: expand_next_token = 0; } else { expand_next_token = 0; } #endif /* ALIAS */ if (!posixly_correct) CHECK_FOR_RESERVED_WORD (token); /* What if we are attempting to satisfy an open-brace grouper? */ if (open_brace_awaiting_satisfaction && token[0] == '}' && !token[1]) { open_brace_awaiting_satisfaction--; return ('}'); } the_word = (WORD_DESC *)xmalloc (sizeof (WORD_DESC)); the_word->word = xmalloc (1 + token_index); strcpy (the_word->word, token); the_word->dollar_present = dollar_present; the_word->quoted = quoted; the_word->assignment = assignment (token); yylval.word = the_word; result = WORD; /* A word is an assignment if it appears at the beginning of a simple command, or after another assignment word. This is context-dependent, so it cannot be handled in the grammar. */ if (assignment_acceptable (last_read_token) && the_word->assignment) result = ASSIGNMENT_WORD; if (last_read_token == FUNCTION) allow_open_brace = 1; } return (result); } /* Return 1 if TOKEN is a token that after being read would allow a reserved word to be seen, else 0. */ static int reserved_word_acceptable (token) int token; { #if 0 if (member (token, "\n;()|&{") || #else if (token == '\n' || token == ';' || token == '(' || token == ')' || token == '|' || token == '&' || token == '{' || #endif token == '}' || /* XXX */ token == AND_AND || token == BANG || token == DO || token == ELIF || token == ELSE || token == FI || token == IF || token == OR_OR || token == SEMI_SEMI || token == THEN || token == UNTIL || token == WHILE || token == DONE || /* XXX these two are experimental */ token == ESAC || token == 0) return (1); else return (0); } /* Return the index of TOKEN in the alist of reserved words, or -1 if TOKEN is not a shell reserved word. */ int find_reserved_word (token) char *token; { int i; for (i = 0; word_token_alist[i].word != (char *)NULL; i++) if (STREQ (token, word_token_alist[i].word)) return i; return -1; } #if defined (READLINE) /* Called after each time readline is called. This insures that whatever the new prompt string is gets propagated to readline's local prompt variable. */ static void reset_readline_prompt () { if (prompt_string_pointer && *prompt_string_pointer) { char *temp_prompt; temp_prompt = decode_prompt_string (*prompt_string_pointer); if (!temp_prompt) temp_prompt = savestring (""); FREE (current_readline_prompt); current_readline_prompt = temp_prompt; } } #endif /* READLINE */ #if defined (HISTORY) /* A list of tokens which can be followed by newlines, but not by semi-colons. When concatenating multiple lines of history, the newline separator for such tokens is replaced with a space. */ static int no_semi_successors[] = { '\n', '{', '(', ')', ';', '&', '|', CASE, DO, ELSE, IF, IN, SEMI_SEMI, THEN, UNTIL, WHILE, AND_AND, OR_OR, 0 }; /* If we are not within a delimited expression, try to be smart about which separators can be semi-colons and which must be newlines. */ char * history_delimiting_chars () { if (!delimiter_depth) { register int i; for (i = 0; no_semi_successors[i]; i++) { if (token_before_that == no_semi_successors[i]) return (" "); } return ("; "); } else return ("\n"); } #endif /* HISTORY */ /* Issue a prompt, or prepare to issue a prompt when the next character is read. */ static void prompt_again () { char *temp_prompt; if (!interactive) /* XXX */ return; ps1_prompt = get_string_value ("PS1"); ps2_prompt = get_string_value ("PS2"); if (!prompt_string_pointer) prompt_string_pointer = &ps1_prompt; if (*prompt_string_pointer) temp_prompt = decode_prompt_string (*prompt_string_pointer); else temp_prompt = savestring (""); current_prompt_string = *prompt_string_pointer; prompt_string_pointer = &ps2_prompt; #if defined (READLINE) if (!no_line_editing) { FREE (current_readline_prompt); current_readline_prompt = temp_prompt; } else #endif /* READLINE */ { FREE (current_decoded_prompt); current_decoded_prompt = temp_prompt; } } static void print_prompt () { fprintf (stderr, "%s", current_decoded_prompt); fflush (stderr); } /* Return a string which will be printed as a prompt. The string may contain special characters which are decoded as follows: \t the time \d the date \n CRLF \s the name of the shell \w the current working directory \W the last element of PWD \u your username \h the hostname \# the command number of this command \! the history number of this command \$ a $ or a # if you are root \ character code in octal \\ a backslash */ #define PROMPT_GROWTH 50 char * decode_prompt_string (string) char *string; { int result_size = PROMPT_GROWTH; int result_index = 0; char *result; int c; char *temp = (char *)NULL; WORD_LIST *list; #if defined (PROMPT_STRING_DECODE) result = xmalloc (PROMPT_GROWTH); result[0] = 0; while (c = *string++) { if (posixly_correct && c == '!') { if (*string == '!') { temp = savestring ("!"); goto add_string; } else { #if !defined (HISTORY) temp = savestring ("1"); #else /* HISTORY */ temp = itos (history_number ()); #endif /* HISTORY */ string--; /* add_string increments string again. */ goto add_string; } } if (c == '\\') { c = *string; switch (c) { case '0': case '1': case '2': case '3': case '4': case '5': case '6': case '7': { char octal_string[4]; int n; strncpy (octal_string, string, 3); octal_string[3] = '\0'; n = read_octal (octal_string); temp = xmalloc (3); if (n == CTLESC || n == CTLNUL) { string += 3; temp[0] = CTLESC; temp[1] = n; temp[2] = '\0'; } else if (n == -1) { temp[0] = '\\'; temp[1] = '\0'; } else { string += 3; temp[0] = n; temp[1] = '\0'; } c = 0; goto add_string; } case 't': case 'd': /* Make the current time/date into a string. */ { time_t the_time = time (0); char *ttemp = ctime (&the_time); temp = savestring (ttemp); if (c == 't') { strcpy (temp, temp + 11); temp[8] = '\0'; } else temp[10] = '\0'; goto add_string; } case 'n': if (!no_line_editing) temp = savestring ("\r\n"); else temp = savestring ("\n"); goto add_string; case 's': { temp = base_pathname (shell_name); temp = savestring (temp); goto add_string; } case 'w': case 'W': { /* Use the value of PWD because it is much more effecient. */ #define EFFICIENT #ifdef EFFICIENT char *polite_directory_format (), t_string[MAXPATHLEN]; temp = get_string_value ("PWD"); if (!temp) getwd (t_string); else strcpy (t_string, temp); #else getwd (t_string); #endif /* EFFICIENT */ if (c == 'W') { char *dir = (char *)strrchr (t_string, '/'); if (dir && dir != t_string) strcpy (t_string, dir + 1); temp = savestring (t_string); } else temp = savestring (polite_directory_format (t_string)); goto add_string; } case 'u': { temp = savestring (current_user.user_name); goto add_string; } case 'h': { char *t_string; temp = savestring (current_host_name); if (t_string = (char *)strchr (temp, '.')) *t_string = '\0'; goto add_string; } case '#': { temp = itos (current_command_number); goto add_string; } case '!': { #if !defined (HISTORY) temp = savestring ("1"); #else /* HISTORY */ temp = itos (history_number ()); #endif /* HISTORY */ goto add_string; } case '$': temp = savestring (geteuid () == 0 ? "#" : "$"); goto add_string; case '[': case ']': temp = xmalloc(3); temp[0] = '\001'; temp[1] = (c == '[') ? RL_PROMPT_START_IGNORE : RL_PROMPT_END_IGNORE; temp[2] = '\0'; goto add_string; case '\\': temp = savestring ("\\"); goto add_string; default: temp = savestring ("\\ "); temp[1] = c; add_string: if (c) string++; result = sub_append_string (temp, result, &result_index, &result_size); temp = (char *)NULL; /* Free ()'ed in sub_append_string (). */ result[result_index] = '\0'; break; } } else { while (3 + result_index > result_size) result = xrealloc (result, result_size += PROMPT_GROWTH); result[result_index++] = c; result[result_index] = '\0'; } } #else /* !PROMPT_STRING_DECODE */ result = savestring (string); #endif /* !PROMPT_STRING_DECODE */ /* Perform variable and parameter expansion and command substitution on the prompt string. */ list = expand_string_unsplit (result, 1); free (result); result = string_list (list); dispose_words (list); return (result); } /* Report a syntax error, and restart the parser. Call here for fatal errors. */ yyerror () { report_syntax_error ((char *)NULL); reset_parser (); } /* Report a syntax error with line numbers, etc. Call here for recoverable errors. If you have a message to print, then place it in MESSAGE, otherwise pass NULL and this will figure out an appropriate message for you. */ static void report_syntax_error (message) char *message; { if (message) { if (!interactive) { char *name = bash_input.name ? bash_input.name : "stdin"; report_error ("%s: line %d: `%s'", name, line_number, message); } else { if (EOF_Reached) EOF_Reached = 0; report_error ("%s", message); } last_command_exit_value = EX_USAGE; return; } if (shell_input_line && *shell_input_line) { char *t = shell_input_line; register int i = shell_input_line_index; int token_end = 0; if (!t[i] && i) i--; while (i && (t[i] == ' ' || t[i] == '\t' || t[i] == '\n')) i--; if (i) token_end = i + 1; while (i && !member (t[i], " \n\t;|&")) i--; while (i != token_end && member (t[i], " \t\n")) i++; if (token_end) { char *error_token; error_token = xmalloc (1 + (token_end - i)); strncpy (error_token, t + i, token_end - i); error_token[token_end - i] = '\0'; report_error ("syntax error near unexpected token `%s'", error_token); free (error_token); } else if ((i == 0) && (token_end == 0)) /* a 1-character token */ { char etoken[2]; etoken[0] = t[i]; etoken[1] = '\0'; report_error ("syntax error near unexpected token `%s'", etoken); } if (!interactive) { char *temp = savestring (shell_input_line); char *name = bash_input.name ? bash_input.name : "stdin"; int l = strlen (temp); while (l && temp[l - 1] == '\n') temp[--l] = '\0'; report_error ("%s: line %d: `%s'", name, line_number, temp); free (temp); } } else { char *name, *msg; if (!interactive) name = bash_input.name ? bash_input.name : "stdin"; if (EOF_Reached) msg = "syntax error: unexpected end of file"; else msg = "syntax error"; if (!interactive) report_error ("%s: line %d: %s", name, line_number, msg); else { /* This file uses EOF_Reached only for error reporting when the shell is interactive. Other mechanisms are used to decide whether or not to exit. */ EOF_Reached = 0; report_error (msg); } } last_command_exit_value = EX_USAGE; } /* ??? Needed function. ??? We have to be able to discard the constructs created during parsing. In the case of error, we want to return allocated objects to the memory pool. In the case of no error, we want to throw away the information about where the allocated objects live. (dispose_command () will actually free the command. */ discard_parser_constructs (error_p) int error_p; { } /* Do that silly `type "bye" to exit' stuff. You know, "ignoreeof". */ /* A flag denoting whether or not ignoreeof is set. */ int ignoreeof = 0; /* The number of times that we have encountered an EOF character without another character intervening. When this gets above the limit, the shell terminates. */ int eof_encountered = 0; /* The limit for eof_encountered. */ int eof_encountered_limit = 10; /* If we have EOF as the only input unit, this user wants to leave the shell. If the shell is not interactive, then just leave. Otherwise, if ignoreeof is set, and we haven't done this the required number of times in a row, print a message. */ static void handle_eof_input_unit () { if (interactive) { /* shell.c may use this to decide whether or not to write out the history, among other things. We use it only for error reporting in this file. */ if (EOF_Reached) EOF_Reached = 0; /* If the user wants to "ignore" eof, then let her do so, kind of. */ if (ignoreeof) { if (eof_encountered < eof_encountered_limit) { fprintf (stderr, "Use \"%s\" to leave the shell.\n", login_shell ? "logout" : "exit"); eof_encountered++; /* Reset the prompt string to be $PS1. */ prompt_string_pointer = (char **)NULL; prompt_again (); last_read_token = current_token = '\n'; return; } } /* In this case EOF should exit the shell. Do it now. */ reset_parser (); exit_builtin ((WORD_LIST *)NULL); } else { /* We don't write history files, etc., for non-interactive shells. */ EOF_Reached = 1; } } bash-1.14.3/parser-built 664 436 0 0 5674367236 13137 0ustar chetwheelbash-1.14.3/parser.h 664 436 0 316 5141064431 12276 0ustar chetwheel/* parser.h -- Everything you wanted to know about the parser, but were afraid to ask. */ #if !defined (_PARSER_H) # define _PARSER_H # include "command.h" # include "input.h" #endif /* _PARSER_H */ bash-1.14.3/portbash/ 775 436 0 0 5620516024 12415 5ustar chetwheelbash-1.14.3/portbash/signals.sh 664 436 0 1547 5404650746 14512 0ustar chetwheel#! /bin/sh # CC=cc export CC cat > x.c < main() { } EOF ${CC} -E x.c > x.i || { rm -f x.c x.i ; exit 1; } if egrep 'void.*signal' x.i >/dev/null 2>&1 then echo '#define VOID_SIGHANDLER' fi rm -f x.c x.i cat > x.c << EOF #include sigset_t set, oset; main() { sigemptyset(&set); sigemptyset(&oset); sigaddset(&set, 2); sigprocmask(SIG_BLOCK, &set, &oset); } EOF if ${CC} x.c >/dev/null 2>&1; then echo '#define HAVE_POSIX_SIGNALS' else cat > x.c << EOF #include main() { long omask = sigblock(sigmask(2)); sigsetmask(omask); } EOF if ${CC} x.c >/dev/null 2>&1; then echo '#define HAVE_BSD_SIGNALS' else cat > x.c << EOF #include main() { int n; n = sighold(2); sigrelse(2); } EOF if ${CC} x.c >/dev/null 2>&1; then echo '#define HAVE_USG_SIGHOLD' fi fi fi rm -f x.c x.o a.out exit 0 bash-1.14.3/portbash/stdio.sh 664 436 0 2216 5404650767 14171 0ustar chetwheel#! /bin/sh # # test certain aspects of stdio CC=cc export CC cat > x.c << EOF #include #include xp(va_alist) va_dcl { va_list args; va_start (args); vfprintf(stdout, "abcde", args); } main() { xp(); exit(0); } EOF if ${CC} x.c >/dev/null 2>&1 then echo '#define HAVE_VFPRINTF' rm -f x.c x.o a.out else cat > x.c << EOF #include main() { _doprnt(); } EOF if ${CC} x.c >/dev/null 2>&1 then echo '#define USE_VFPRINTF_EMULATION' rm -f x.c x.o a.out fi fi cat > x.c << EOF #include main() { setlinebuf(stdout); } EOF if ${CC} x.c > /dev/null 2>&1 then rm -f x.c x.o a.out echo '#define HAVE_SETLINEBUF' else # check for setvbuf # If this compiles, the system has setvbuf. If this segfaults while # running, non-reversed systems get a seg violation cat > x.c << EOF #include main() { setvbuf(stdout, _IOLBF, (char *)0, BUFSIZ); /* reversed */ exit(0); /* non-reversed systems segv */ } EOF if ${CC} x.c >/dev/null 2>&1 ; then echo '#define HAVE_SETVBUF' if a.out; then : else rm -f core echo '#define REVERSED_SETVBUF_ARGS' fi fi fi rm -f x.c x.o a.out exit 0 bash-1.14.3/portbash/libc.sh 664 436 0 4152 5610267153 13751 0ustar chetwheel#! /bin/sh CC=cc export CC cat > x.c < /dev/null 2>&1; then : else echo '#undef HAVE_ALLOCA' fi rm -f x.c x.o a.out cat > x.c << EOF #include #include extern char *getwd(); main() { getwd(); } EOF if ${CC} x.c > /dev/null 2>&1; then echo '#define HAVE_GETWD' else echo '#undef HAVE_GETWD' rm -f x.c x.o a.out cat > x.c << EOF extern char *getcwd(); main() { getcwd(); } EOF if ${CC} x.c >/dev/null 2>&1; then echo '#define HAVE_GETCWD' fi fi rm -f a.out x.c x.o cat > x.c << EOF /* * exit 0 if we have bcopy in libc and it works as in BSD */ extern int bcopy(); char x[] = "12345"; char y[] = "67890"; main() { bcopy(x, y, 5); exit(strcmp(x, y)); } EOF if ${CC} x.c > /dev/null 2>&1 && ./a.out ; then BC='-DHAVE_BCOPY' fi rm -f x.c x.o a.out cat > x.c << EOF /* * If this compiles, the system has uid_t and gid_t */ #include uid_t u; gid_t g; main() { exit(0); } EOF if ${CC} x.c > /dev/null 2>&1; then UIDT='-DHAVE_UID_T' fi rm -f x.c x.o a.out cat > x.c < extern char *sys_siglist[]; main() { char *x; x = sys_siglist[3]; write(2, x, strlen(x)); exit(0); } EOF if ${CC} ./x.c >/dev/null 2>&1; then echo '#define HAVE_SYS_SIGLIST' else cat > x.c < extern char *_sys_siglist[]; main() { exit(0); } EOF if ${CC} ./x.c >/dev/null 2>&1; then echo '#define HAVE_SYS_SIGLIST' SL='-Dsys_siglist=_sys_siglist' fi fi PG= if ${CC} pgrp.c >/dev/null 2>&1; then PG=`./a.out` fi if [ -f /unix ] && [ -f /usr/ccs/lib/libc.so ]; then R4="-DUSGr4" fi touch not_a_directory if [ -f /usr/include/dirent.h ]; then d='' else d='' fi cat > x.c << EOF /* * exit 0 if opendir does not check whether its argument is a directory */ #include $d DIR *dir; main() { dir = opendir("not_a_directory"); exit (dir == 0); } EOF if ${CC} x.c > /dev/null 2>&1 && ./a.out ; then OD='-DOPENDIR_NOT_ROBUST' fi rm -f x.c x.o a.out pgrp.o not_a_directory echo "#define SYSDEP_CFLAGS $BC $UIDT $SL $PG $R4 $OD" exit 0 bash-1.14.3/portbash/mkdesc.sh 664 436 0 203 5327345203 14255 0ustar chetwheel#! /bin/sh if [ -f /unix ]; then echo '#define M_OS "USG"' fi sh signals.sh sh stdio.sh sh strings.sh sh syscalls.sh sh libc.sh bash-1.14.3/portbash/README 664 436 0 67 5327345626 13334 0ustar chetwheelrun sh mkdesc.sh for a first cut at a machines.h entry bash-1.14.3/portbash/strings.sh 664 436 0 1603 5605401703 14522 0ustar chetwheel#! /bin/sh CC=cc export CC if [ -f /usr/include/string.h ]; then STRINGH='' elif [ -f /usr/include/strings.h ]; then STRINGH='' else exit 1 fi cat > x.c << EOF #include $STRINGH #ifndef strchr extern char *strchr(); #endif char *x = "12345"; main() { char *s; s = strchr(x, '2'); if (s) exit(0); exit(1); } EOF if ${CC} x.c >/dev/null 2>&1 then if ./a.out then echo '#define HAVE_STRCHR' fi fi rm -f x.c x.o a.out cat > x.c << EOF extern char *strerror(); main() { char *s; s = strerror(2); if (s) exit(0); exit(1); } EOF if ${CC} x.c >/dev/null 2>&1 then if ./a.out then echo '#define HAVE_STRERROR' fi fi rm -f x.c x.o a.out cat > x.c << EOF main() { if (strcasecmp("abc", "AbC") == 0) exit(0); exit(1); } EOF if ${CC} x.c >/dev/null 2>&1 then if ./a.out then echo '#define HAVE_STRCASECMP' fi fi rm -f x.c x.o a.out exit 0 bash-1.14.3/portbash/syscalls.sh 664 436 0 2002 5404651035 14662 0ustar chetwheel#! /bin/sh CC=cc export CC cat > x.c << EOF /* * exit 0 if we have the getgroups system or library call. */ main() { int g[100], ng; ng = getgroups(100, g); if (ng) exit(0); exit(1); } EOF if ${CC} x.c > /dev/null 2>&1 && ./a.out ; then echo '#define HAVE_GETGROUPS' fi rm -f x.c x.o a.out cat > x.c << EOF extern int dup2(); main() { exit(dup2(1, 2) == -1); } EOF if ${CC} x.c > /dev/null 2>&1 && ./a.out ; then echo '#define HAVE_DUP2' fi rm -f a.out x.c x.o cat > x.c << EOF extern int getpageesize(); main() { int n = getpagesize(); } EOF if ${CC} x.c > /dev/null 2>&1 then echo '#define HAVE_GETPAGESIZE' fi rm -f a.out x.c x.o cat > x.c << EOF extern int getdtablesize(); main() { int n = getdtablesize(); } EOF if ${CC} x.c > /dev/null 2>&1 then echo '#define HAVE_GETDTABLESIZE' fi rm -f a.out x.c x.o cat > x.c << EOF extern int setdtablesize(); main() { int n = setdtablesize(128); } EOF if ${CC} x.c > /dev/null 2>&1 then echo '#define HAVE_SETDTABLESIZE' fi rm -f a.out x.c x.o exit 0 bash-1.14.3/portbash/pgrp.c 664 436 0 1673 5325363016 13623 0ustar chetwheel/* * If this system has a BSD-style getpgrp() call which takes a pid * as an argument, output a -DBSD_GETPGRP. */ #include #include int pid; int pg1, pg2, pg3, pg4; int ng, np, s, child; main() { pid = getpid(); pg1 = getpgrp(0); pg2 = getpgrp(); pg3 = getpgrp(pid); pg4 = getpgrp(1); /* * If all of these values are the same, it's pretty sure that * we're on a system that ignores getpgrp's first argument. */ if (pg2 == pg4 && pg1 == pg3 && pg2 == pg3) exit(0); child = fork(); if (child < 0) exit(1); else if (child == 0) { np = getpid(); /* * If this is Sys V, this will not work; pgrp will be * set to np because setpgrp just changes a pgrp to be * the same as the pid. */ setpgrp(np, pg1); ng = getpgrp(0); /* Same result for Sys V and BSD */ if (ng == pg1) { printf("-DBSD_GETPGRP\n"); exit(0); } else exit(1); } else { wait(&s); exit(s>>8); } } bash-1.14.3/posixstat.h 664 436 0 10741 5275252420 13110 0ustar chetwheel/* posixstat.h -- Posix stat(2) definitions for systems that don't have them. */ /* Copyright (C) 1987,1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc. This file is part of GNU Bash, the Bourne Again SHell. Bash is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 1, or (at your option) any later version. Bash is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details. You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with Bash; see the file COPYING. If not, write to the Free Software Foundation, 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. */ /* This file should be included instead of . It relies on the local sys/stat.h to work though. */ #if !defined (_POSIXSTAT_H) #define _POSIXSTAT_H #include #if defined (isc386) # if !defined (S_IFDIR) # define S_IFDIR 0040000 # endif /* !S_IFDIR */ # if !defined (S_IFMT) # define S_IFMT 0170000 # endif /* !S_IFMT */ #endif /* isc386 */ /* This text is taken directly from the Cadmus I was trying to compile on: the following MACROs are defined for X/OPEN compatibility however, is the param correct ?? #define S_ISBLK(s) ((s.st_mode & S_IFMT) == S_IFBLK) Well, the answer is no. Thus... */ #if defined (BrainDeath) # undef S_ISBLK # undef S_ISCHR # undef S_ISDIR # undef S_ISFIFO # undef S_ISREG #endif /* BrainDeath */ /* Posix 1003.1 5.6.1.1 file types */ /* Some Posix-wannabe systems define _S_IF* macros instead of S_IF*, but do not provide the S_IS* macros that Posix requires. */ #if defined (_S_IFMT) && !defined (S_IFMT) #define S_IFMT _S_IFMT #endif #if defined (_S_IFIFO) && !defined (S_IFIFO) #define S_IFIFO _S_IFIFO #endif #if defined (_S_IFCHR) && !defined (S_IFCHR) #define S_IFCHR _S_IFCHR #endif #if defined (_S_IFDIR) && !defined (S_IFDIR) #define S_IFDIR _S_IFDIR #endif #if defined (_S_IFBLK) && !defined (S_IFBLK) #define S_IFBLK _S_IFBLK #endif #if defined (_S_IFREG) && !defined (S_IFREG) #define S_IFREG _S_IFREG #endif #if defined (_S_IFLNK) && !defined (S_IFLNK) #define S_IFLNK _S_IFLNK #endif #if defined (_S_IFSOCK) && !defined (S_IFSOCK) #define S_IFSOCK _S_IFSOCK #endif /* Test for each symbol individually and define the ones necessary (some systems claiming Posix compatibility define some but not all). */ #if defined (S_IFBLK) && !defined (S_ISBLK) #define S_ISBLK(m) (((m)&S_IFMT) == S_IFBLK) /* block device */ #endif #if defined (S_IFCHR) && !defined (S_ISCHR) #define S_ISCHR(m) (((m)&S_IFMT) == S_IFCHR) /* character device */ #endif #if defined (S_IFDIR) && !defined (S_ISDIR) #define S_ISDIR(m) (((m)&S_IFMT) == S_IFDIR) /* directory */ #endif #if defined (S_IFREG) && !defined (S_ISREG) #define S_ISREG(m) (((m)&S_IFMT) == S_IFREG) /* file */ #endif #if defined (S_IFIFO) && !defined (S_ISFIFO) #define S_ISFIFO(m) (((m)&S_IFMT) == S_IFIFO) /* fifo - named pipe */ #endif #if defined (S_IFLNK) && !defined (S_ISLNK) #define S_ISLNK(m) (((m)&S_IFMT) == S_IFLNK) /* symbolic link */ #endif #if defined (S_IFSOCK) && !defined (S_ISSOCK) #define S_ISSOCK(m) (((m)&S_IFMT) == S_IFSOCK) /* socket */ #endif /* * POSIX 1003.1 5.6.1.2 File Modes */ #if !defined (S_IRWXU) # if !defined (S_IREAD) # define S_IREAD 00400 # define S_IWRITE 00200 # define S_IEXEC 00100 # endif /* S_IREAD */ # if !defined (S_IRUSR) # define S_IRUSR S_IREAD /* read, owner */ # define S_IWUSR S_IWRITE /* write, owner */ # define S_IXUSR S_IEXEC /* execute, owner */ # define S_IRGRP (S_IREAD >> 3) /* read, group */ # define S_IWGRP (S_IWRITE >> 3) /* write, group */ # define S_IXGRP (S_IEXEC >> 3) /* execute, group */ # define S_IROTH (S_IREAD >> 6) /* read, other */ # define S_IWOTH (S_IWRITE >> 6) /* write, other */ # define S_IXOTH (S_IEXEC >> 6) /* execute, other */ # endif /* !S_IRUSR */ # define S_IRWXU (S_IRUSR | S_IWUSR | S_IXUSR) # define S_IRWXG (S_IRGRP | S_IWGRP | S_IXGRP) # define S_IRWXO (S_IROTH | S_IWOTH | S_IXOTH) #endif /* !S_IRWXU */ /* These are non-standard, but are used in builtins.c$symbolic_umask() */ #define S_IRUGO (S_IRUSR | S_IRGRP | S_IROTH) #define S_IWUGO (S_IWUSR | S_IWGRP | S_IWOTH) #define S_IXUGO (S_IXUSR | S_IXGRP | S_IXOTH) #endif /* _POSIXSTAT_H */ bash-1.14.3/print_cmd.c 664 436 0 43606 5604340205 13025 0ustar chetwheel/* print_command -- A way to make readable commands from a command tree. */ /* Copyright (C) 1989 Free Software Foundation, Inc. This file is part of GNU Bash, the Bourne Again SHell. Bash is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 1, or (at your option) any later version. Bash is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details. You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with Bash; see the file COPYING. If not, write to the Free Software Foundation, 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. */ #include #if defined (HAVE_VARARGS_H) # include #endif #if defined (HAVE_STRING_H) # include #else /* !HAVE_STRING_H */ # include #endif /* !HAVE_STRING_H */ #include "shell.h" #include "y.tab.h" #include "stdc.h" #include "builtins/common.h" #if defined (__GNUC__) || defined (ardent) extern int printf __P((const char *, ...)); /* Yuck. Double yuck. */ #endif static int indentation = 0; static int indentation_amount = 4; static void cprintf (), newline (), indent (), the_printed_command_resize (); static void semicolon (); static void make_command_string_internal (); static void command_print_word_list (); static void print_case_clauses (); static void print_redirection_list (); static void print_redirection (); static void print_for_command (); #if defined (SELECT_COMMAND) static void print_select_command (); #endif static void print_group_command (); static void print_case_command (); static void print_while_command (); static void print_until_command (); static void print_until_or_while (); static void print_if_command (); static void print_function_def (); #define PRINTED_COMMAND_GROW_SIZE 1024 char *the_printed_command = (char *)NULL; int the_printed_command_size = 0; int command_string_index = 0; /* Non-zero means the stuff being printed is inside of a function def. */ static int inside_function_def = 0; static int skip_this_indent = 0; /* The depth of the group commands that we are currently printing. This includes the group command that is a function body. */ static int group_command_nesting = 0; /* Print COMMAND (a command tree) on standard output. */ void print_command (command) COMMAND *command; { command_string_index = 0; printf ("%s", make_command_string (command)); } /* Make a string which is the printed representation of the command tree in COMMAND. We return this string. However, the string is not consed, so you have to do that yourself if you want it to remain around. */ char * make_command_string (command) COMMAND *command; { command_string_index = 0; make_command_string_internal (command); return (the_printed_command); } /* The internal function. This is the real workhorse. */ static void make_command_string_internal (command) COMMAND *command; { if (!command) cprintf (""); else { if (skip_this_indent) skip_this_indent--; else indent (indentation); if (command->flags & CMD_WANT_SUBSHELL) cprintf ("( "); if (command->flags & CMD_INVERT_RETURN) cprintf ("! "); switch (command->type) { case cm_for: print_for_command (command->value.For); break; #if defined (SELECT_COMMAND) case cm_select: print_select_command (command->value.Select); break; #endif case cm_case: print_case_command (command->value.Case); break; case cm_while: print_while_command (command->value.While); break; case cm_until: print_until_command (command->value.While); break; case cm_if: print_if_command (command->value.If); break; case cm_simple: print_simple_command (command->value.Simple); break; case cm_connection: skip_this_indent++; make_command_string_internal (command->value.Connection->first); switch (command->value.Connection->connector) { case '&': case '|': { char c = command->value.Connection->connector; cprintf (" %c", c); if (c != '&' || command->value.Connection->second) { cprintf (" "); skip_this_indent++; } } break; case AND_AND: cprintf (" && "); if (command->value.Connection->second) skip_this_indent++; break; case OR_OR: cprintf (" || "); if (command->value.Connection->second) skip_this_indent++; break; case ';': cprintf (";"); if (inside_function_def) cprintf ("\n"); else { cprintf (" "); if (command->value.Connection->second) skip_this_indent++; } break; default: cprintf ("print_command: bad connector `%d'", command->value.Connection->connector); break; } make_command_string_internal (command->value.Connection->second); break; case cm_function_def: print_function_def (command->value.Function_def); break; case cm_group: print_group_command (command->value.Group); break; default: programming_error ("print_command: bad command type `%d'", command->type); break; } if (command->flags & CMD_WANT_SUBSHELL) cprintf (" )"); if (command->redirects) print_redirection_list (command->redirects); } } static void _print_word_list (list, separator, pfunc) WORD_LIST *list; char *separator; VFunction *pfunc; { while (list) { (*pfunc) ("%s", list->word->word); list = list->next; if (list) (*pfunc) ("%s", separator); } } void print_word_list (list, separator) WORD_LIST *list; char *separator; { _print_word_list (list, separator, (VFunction *)printf); } static void command_print_word_list (list, separator) WORD_LIST *list; char *separator; { _print_word_list (list, separator, cprintf); } static void print_for_command (for_command) FOR_COM *for_command; { cprintf ("for %s in ", for_command->name->word); command_print_word_list (for_command->map_list, " "); cprintf (";"); newline ("do\n"); indentation += indentation_amount; make_command_string_internal (for_command->action); semicolon (); indentation -= indentation_amount; newline ("done"); } #if defined (SELECT_COMMAND) static void print_select_command (select_command) SELECT_COM *select_command; { cprintf ("select %s in ", select_command->name->word); command_print_word_list (select_command->map_list, " "); cprintf (";"); newline ("do\n"); indentation += indentation_amount; make_command_string_internal (select_command->action); semicolon (); indentation -= indentation_amount; newline ("done"); } #endif /* SELECT_COMMAND */ static void print_group_command (group_command) GROUP_COM *group_command; { group_command_nesting++; cprintf ("{ "); if (!inside_function_def) skip_this_indent++; else { /* This is a group command { ... } inside of a function definition, and should be handled as a `normal' group command, using the current indentation. */ cprintf ("\n"); indentation += indentation_amount; } make_command_string_internal (group_command->command); cprintf ("\n"); if (group_command_nesting) { indentation -= indentation_amount; indent (indentation); if (!indentation) cprintf (" "); } cprintf ("}"); group_command_nesting--; } static void print_case_command (case_command) CASE_COM *case_command; { cprintf ("case %s in ", case_command->word->word); if (case_command->clauses) print_case_clauses (case_command->clauses); newline ("esac"); } static void print_case_clauses (clauses) PATTERN_LIST *clauses; { indentation += indentation_amount; while (clauses) { newline (""); command_print_word_list (clauses->patterns, " | "); cprintf (")\n"); indentation += indentation_amount; make_command_string_internal (clauses->action); indentation -= indentation_amount; newline (";;"); clauses = clauses->next; } indentation -= indentation_amount; } static void print_while_command (while_command) WHILE_COM *while_command; { print_until_or_while (while_command, "while"); } static void print_until_command (while_command) WHILE_COM *while_command; { print_until_or_while (while_command, "until"); } static void print_until_or_while (while_command, which) WHILE_COM *while_command; char *which; { cprintf ("%s ", which); skip_this_indent++; make_command_string_internal (while_command->test); semicolon (); cprintf (" do\n"); /* was newline ("do\n"); */ indentation += indentation_amount; make_command_string_internal (while_command->action); indentation -= indentation_amount; semicolon (); newline ("done"); } static void print_if_command (if_command) IF_COM *if_command; { cprintf ("if "); skip_this_indent++; make_command_string_internal (if_command->test); semicolon (); cprintf (" then\n"); indentation += indentation_amount; make_command_string_internal (if_command->true_case); indentation -= indentation_amount; if (if_command->false_case) { semicolon (); newline ("else\n"); indentation += indentation_amount; make_command_string_internal (if_command->false_case); indentation -= indentation_amount; } semicolon (); newline ("fi"); } void print_simple_command (simple_command) SIMPLE_COM *simple_command; { command_print_word_list (simple_command->words, " "); if (simple_command->redirects) { cprintf (" "); print_redirection_list (simple_command->redirects); } } static void print_redirection_list (redirects) REDIRECT *redirects; { while (redirects) { print_redirection (redirects); redirects = redirects->next; if (redirects) cprintf (" "); } } static void print_redirection (redirect) REDIRECT *redirect; { int kill_leading = 0; int redirector = redirect->redirector; WORD_DESC *redirectee = redirect->redirectee.filename; int redir_fd = redirect->redirectee.dest; switch (redirect->instruction) { case r_output_direction: if (redirector != 1) cprintf ("%d", redirector); cprintf (">%s", redirectee->word); break; case r_input_direction: if (redirector != 0) cprintf ("%d", redirector); cprintf ("<%s", redirectee->word); break; case r_inputa_direction: /* Redirection created by the shell. */ cprintf ("&"); break; case r_appending_to: if (redirector != 1) cprintf ("%d", redirector); cprintf (">>%s", redirectee->word); break; case r_deblank_reading_until: kill_leading++; /* ... */ case r_reading_until: if (redirector != 0) cprintf ("%d", redirector); /* If the here document delimiter is quoted, single-quote it. */ if (redirect->redirectee.filename->quoted) { char *x; x = single_quote (redirect->here_doc_eof); cprintf ("<<%s%s\n", kill_leading? "-" : "", x); free (x); } else cprintf ("<<%s%s\n", kill_leading? "-" : "", redirect->here_doc_eof); cprintf ("%s%s", redirect->redirectee.filename->word, redirect->here_doc_eof); break; case r_duplicating_input: cprintf ("%d<&%d", redirector, redir_fd); break; case r_duplicating_output: cprintf ("%d>&%d", redirector, redir_fd); break; case r_duplicating_input_word: cprintf ("%d<&%s", redirector, redirectee->word); break; case r_duplicating_output_word: cprintf ("%d>&%s", redirector, redirectee->word); break; case r_close_this: cprintf ("%d>&-", redirector); break; case r_err_and_out: cprintf (">&%s", redirectee->word); break; case r_input_output: if (redirector != 1) cprintf ("%d", redirector); cprintf ("<>%s", redirectee->word); break; case r_output_force: if (redirector != 1) cprintf ("%d", redirector); cprintf (">|%s", redirectee->word); break; } } static void reset_locals () { inside_function_def = 0; indentation = 0; } static void print_function_def (func) FUNCTION_DEF *func; { cprintf ("function %s () \n", func->name->word); add_unwind_protect (reset_locals, 0); indent (indentation); cprintf ("{ \n"); inside_function_def++; indentation += indentation_amount; if (func->command->type == cm_group) make_command_string_internal (func->command->value.Group->command); else make_command_string_internal (func->command); remove_unwind_protect (); indentation -= indentation_amount; inside_function_def--; newline ("}"); } /* Return the string representation of the named function. NAME is the name of the function. COMMAND is the function body. It should be a GROUP_COM. MULTI_LINE is non-zero to pretty-print, or zero for all on one line. */ char * named_function_string (name, command, multi_line) char *name; COMMAND *command; int multi_line; { char *result; int old_indent = indentation, old_amount = indentation_amount; command_string_index = 0; if (name && *name) cprintf ("%s ", name); cprintf ("() "); if (!multi_line) { indentation = 1; indentation_amount = 0; } else { cprintf ("\n"); indentation += indentation_amount; } inside_function_def++; if (multi_line) cprintf ("{ \n"); else cprintf ("{ "); if (command->type == cm_group) make_command_string_internal (command->value.Group->command); else make_command_string_internal (command); indentation = old_indent; indentation_amount = old_amount; inside_function_def--; newline ("}"); result = the_printed_command; if (!multi_line) { #if 0 register int i; for (i = 0; result[i]; i++) if (result[i] == '\n') { strcpy (result + i, result + i + 1); --i; } #else if (result[2] == '\n') /* XXX -- experimental */ strcpy (result + 2, result + 3); #endif } return (result); } static void newline (string) char *string; { cprintf ("\n"); indent (indentation); if (string && *string) cprintf ("%s", string); } static void indent (amount) int amount; { while (amount-- > 0) cprintf (" "); } static void semicolon () { if (command_string_index > 0 && the_printed_command[command_string_index - 1] == '&') return; cprintf (";"); } #if !defined (HAVE_VARARGS_H) /* How to make the string. */ static void cprintf (format, arg1, arg2) char *format, *arg1, *arg2; { register char *s; char char_arg[2], *argp, *args[2]; int arg_len, c, arg_index; args[0] = arg1; args[1] = arg2; arg_len = strlen (format); the_printed_command_resize (arg_len + 1); char_arg[1] = '\0'; s = format; while (s && *s) { int free_argp = 0; c = *s++; if (c != '%' || !*s) { argp = s; arg_len = 1; } else { c = *s++; switch (c) { case '%': char_arg[0] = c; argp = char_arg; arg_len = 1; break; case 's': argp = (char *)args[arg_index++]; arg_len = strlen (argp); break; case 'd': argp = itos (pointer_to_int (args[arg_index])); arg_index++; arg_len = strlen (argp); free_argp = 1; break; case 'c': char_arg[0] = pointer_to_int (args[arg_index]); arg_index++; argp = char_arg; arg_len = 1; break; default: programming_error ("cprintf: bad `%%' argument (%c)", c); } } if (argp) { the_printed_command_resize (arg_len + 1); FASTCOPY (argp, the_printed_command + command_string_index, arg_len); command_string_index += arg_len; if (free_argp) free (argp); } } the_printed_command[command_string_index] = '\0'; } #else /* We have support for varargs. */ /* How to make the string. */ static void cprintf (va_alist) va_dcl { register char *s; char *control, char_arg[2], *argp; int digit_arg, arg_len, c; va_list args; va_start (args); control = va_arg (args, char *); arg_len = strlen (control); the_printed_command_resize (arg_len + 1); char_arg[1] = '\0'; s = control; while (s && *s) { int free_argp = 0; c = *s++; if (c != '%' || !*s) { argp = s - 1; arg_len = 1; } else { c = *s++; switch (c) { case '%': char_arg[0] = c; argp = char_arg; arg_len = 1; break; case 's': argp = va_arg (args, char *); arg_len = strlen (argp); break; case 'd': digit_arg = va_arg (args, int); argp = itos (digit_arg); arg_len = strlen (argp); free_argp = 1; break; case 'c': char_arg[0] = va_arg (args, int); argp = char_arg; arg_len = 1; break; default: programming_error ("cprintf: bad `%%' argument (%c)", c); } } if (argp) { the_printed_command_resize (arg_len + 1); FASTCOPY (argp, the_printed_command + command_string_index, arg_len); command_string_index += arg_len; if (free_argp) free (argp); } } the_printed_command[command_string_index] = '\0'; } #endif /* HAVE_VARARGS_H */ /* Ensure that there is enough space to stuff LENGTH characters into THE_PRINTED_COMMAND. */ static void the_printed_command_resize (length) int length; { if (!the_printed_command) { the_printed_command_size = length + 1; the_printed_command = xmalloc (the_printed_command_size); command_string_index = 0; } else if ((command_string_index + length) >= the_printed_command_size) { int new; new = command_string_index + length + 1; new = new + 2 * PRINTED_COMMAND_GROW_SIZE - 1; new -= new % PRINTED_COMMAND_GROW_SIZE; the_printed_command_size = new; the_printed_command = xrealloc (the_printed_command, the_printed_command_size); } } bash-1.14.3/quit.h 644 436 0 2313 5505133416 12005 0ustar chetwheel/* quit.h -- How to handle SIGINT gracefully. */ /* Copyright (C) 1993 Free Software Foundation, Inc. This file is part of GNU Bash, the Bourne Again SHell. Bash is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option) any later version. Bash is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details. You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with Bash; see the file COPYING. If not, write to the Free Software Foundation, 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. */ #if !defined (__QUIT_H__) #define __QUIT_H__ /* Non-zero means SIGINT has already ocurred. */ extern int interrupt_state; extern void throw_to_top_level (); /* Macro to call a great deal. SIGINT just sets above variable. When it is safe, put QUIT in the code, and the "interrupt" will take place. */ #define QUIT if (interrupt_state) throw_to_top_level () #endif /* __QUIT_H__ */ bash-1.14.3/shell.c 644 436 0 131046 5672161352 12200 0ustar chetwheel/* shell.c -- GNU's idea of the POSIX shell specification. This file is part of Bash, the Bourne Again SHell. Bash is free software; no one can prevent you from reading the source code, or giving it to someone else. This file is copyrighted under the GNU General Public License, which can be found in the file called COPYING. Copyright (C) 1988, 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc. This file is part of GNU Bash. Bash is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY. No author or distributor accepts responsibility to anyone for the consequences of using it or for whether it serves any particular purpose or works at all, unless he says so in writing. Refer to the GNU Emacs General Public License for full details. Everyone is granted permission to copy, modify and redistribute Bash, but only under the conditions described in the GNU General Public License. A copy of this license is supposed to have been given to you along with GNU Emacs so you can know your rights and responsibilities. It should be in a file named COPYING. Among other things, the copyright notice and this notice must be preserved on all copies. Birthdate: Sunday, January 10th, 1988. Initial author: Brian Fox */ #define INSTALL_DEBUG_MODE #include "bashtypes.h" #include #include #include #include #include "filecntl.h" #include #include "posixstat.h" #include "bashansi.h" #if defined (HAVE_VARARGS_H) #include #endif #include "shell.h" #include "flags.h" #if defined (JOB_CONTROL) #include "jobs.h" #endif /* JOB_CONTROL */ #include "input.h" #include "execute_cmd.h" #if defined (HISTORY) # include "bashhist.h" # include #endif #include #if defined (USG) && !defined (HAVE_GETPW_DECLS) extern struct passwd *getpwuid (); #endif /* USG && !HAVE_GETPW_DECLS */ extern int yydebug; #if !defined (errno) extern int errno; #endif extern char *dist_version; extern int patch_level, build_version; extern int subshell_environment; /* Found in execute_cmd.c. */ extern int last_command_exit_value; extern int return_catch_flag; extern jmp_buf return_catch; extern int need_here_doc, current_command_line_count, line_number; extern char *ps1_prompt, **prompt_string_pointer; extern int loop_level, continuing, breaking; extern int parse_and_execute_level; extern char *this_command_name; /* Non-zero means that this shell has already been run; i.e. you should call shell_reinitialize () if you need to start afresh. */ static int shell_initialized = 0; static int sourced_env = 0; /* The current maintainer of the shell. You change this in the Makefile. */ #if !defined (MAINTAINER) #define MAINTAINER "deliberately-anonymous" #endif char *the_current_maintainer = MAINTAINER; char *primary_prompt = PPROMPT; char *secondary_prompt = SPROMPT; COMMAND *global_command = (COMMAND *)NULL; /* Non-zero after SIGINT. */ int interrupt_state = 0; /* Information about the current user. */ struct user_info current_user = { -1, -1, -1, -1, (char *)NULL, (char *)NULL, (char *)NULL }; /* The current host's name. */ char *current_host_name = (char *)NULL; /* Non-zero means that this shell is a login shell. Specifically: 0 = not login shell. 1 = login shell from getty (or equivalent fake out) -1 = login shell from "-login" flag. -2 = both from getty, and from flag. */ int login_shell = 0; /* Non-zero means that at this moment, the shell is interactive. In general, this means that the shell is at this moment reading input from the keyboard. */ int interactive = 0; /* Non-zero means that the shell was started as an interactive shell. */ int interactive_shell = 0; /* Tells what state the shell was in when it started: 0 = non-interactive shell script 1 = interactive 2 = -c command This is a superset of the information provided by interactive_shell. */ int startup_state = 0; /* Special debugging helper. */ int debugging_login_shell = 0; /* The environment that the shell passes to other commands. */ char **shell_environment; /* Non-zero when we are executing a top-level command. */ int executing = 0; /* The number of commands executed so far. */ int current_command_number = 1; /* The environment at the top-level REP loop. We use this in the case of error return. */ jmp_buf top_level, catch; #if defined (JOB_CONTROL) || defined (_POSIX_VERSION) /* The signal masks that this shell runs with. */ sigset_t top_level_mask; #endif /* JOB_CONTROL */ /* Non-zero is the recursion depth for commands. */ int indirection_level = 0; /* The number of times BASH has been executed. This is set by initialize_variables () in variables.c. */ int shell_level = 0; /* The name of this shell, as taken from argv[0]. */ char *shell_name = (char *)NULL; /* time in seconds when the shell was started */ time_t shell_start_time; /* The name of the .(shell)rc file. */ static char *bashrc_file = "~/.bashrc"; /* Non-zero means to act more like the Bourne shell on startup. */ static int act_like_sh = 0; /* Values for the long-winded argument names. */ static int debugging = 0; /* Do debugging things. */ static int no_rc = 0; /* Don't execute ~/.bashrc */ static int no_profile = 0; /* Don't execute .profile */ static int do_version = 0; /* Display interesting version info. */ static int quiet = 0; /* Be quiet when starting up. */ static int make_login_shell = 0; /* Make this shell be a `-bash' shell. */ int no_line_editing = 0; /* Don't do fancy line editing. */ int no_brace_expansion = 0; /* Non-zero means no foo{a,b} -> fooa foob. */ int posixly_correct = 0; /* Non-zero means posix.2 superset. */ /* Some long-winded argument names. These are obviously new. */ #define Int 1 #define Charp 2 struct { char *name; int type; int *int_value; char **char_value; } long_args[] = { { "debug", Int, &debugging, (char **)0x0 }, { "norc", Int, &no_rc, (char **)0x0 }, { "noprofile", Int, &no_profile, (char **)0x0 }, { "rcfile", Charp, (int *)0x0, &bashrc_file }, { "version", Int, &do_version, (char **)0x0 }, { "quiet", Int, &quiet, (char **)0x0 }, { "login", Int, &make_login_shell, (char **)0x0 }, { "nolineediting", Int, &no_line_editing, (char **)0x0 }, { "nobraceexpansion", Int, &no_brace_expansion, (char **)0x0 }, { "posix", Int, &posixly_correct, (char **)0x0 }, { (char *)0x0, Int, (int *)0x0, (char **)0x0 } }; /* These are extern so execute_simple_command can set them, and then longjmp back to main to execute a shell script, instead of calling main () again and resulting in indefinite, possibly fatal, stack growth. */ jmp_buf subshell_top_level; int subshell_argc; char **subshell_argv; char **subshell_envp; #if defined (BUFFERED_INPUT) /* The file descriptor from which the shell is reading input. */ int default_buffered_input = -1; #endif static int want_pending_command; static char *local_pending_command; static int isnetconn (); static void run_startup_files (); static void shell_initialize (); static void shell_reinitialize (); static void initialize_signals (); static void initialize_terminating_signals (); main (argc, argv, env) int argc; char **argv, **env; { register int i; int arg_index, locally_skip_execution; int top_level_arg_index, read_from_stdin; FILE *default_input; /* There is a bug in the NeXT 2.1 rlogind that causes opens of /dev/tty to fail. */ #if defined (RLOGIN_PGRP_BUG) { int tty_fd; tty_fd = open ("/dev/tty", O_RDWR); if (tty_fd < 0) { char *tty; tty = (char *)ttyname (fileno (stdin)); tty_fd = open (tty, O_RDWR); } close (tty_fd); } #endif /* RLOGIN_PGRP_BUG */ /* Wait forever if we are debugging a login shell. */ while (debugging_login_shell); current_user.uid = getuid (); current_user.gid = getgid (); current_user.euid = geteuid (); current_user.egid = getegid (); /* See whether or not we are running setuid or setgid. */ privileged_mode = (current_user.uid != current_user.euid) || (current_user.gid != current_user.egid); posixly_correct = (getenv ("POSIXLY_CORRECT") != (char *)NULL) || (getenv ("POSIX_PEDANTIC") != (char *)NULL); #if defined (USE_GNU_MALLOC_LIBRARY) mcheck (programming_error, (void (*) ())0); #endif /* USE_GNU_MALLOC_LIBRARY */ if (setjmp (subshell_top_level)) { argc = subshell_argc; argv = subshell_argv; env = subshell_envp; sourced_env = 0; } /* Initialize local variables for all `invocations' of main (). */ arg_index = 1; local_pending_command = (char *)NULL; want_pending_command = 0; locally_skip_execution = 0; read_from_stdin = 0; default_input = stdin; #if defined (BUFFERED_INPUT) default_buffered_input = -1; #endif /* Fix for the `infinite process creation' bug when running shell scripts from startup files on System V. */ login_shell = make_login_shell = 0; /* If this shell has already been run, then reinitialize it to a vanilla state. */ if (shell_initialized || shell_name) { /* Make sure that we do not infinitely recurse as a login shell. */ if (*shell_name == '-') shell_name++; shell_reinitialize (); if (setjmp (top_level)) exit (2); } /* Here's a hack. If the name of this shell is "sh", then don't do any startup files; just try to be more like /bin/sh. */ /* XXX - next version - make this be the same as -posix. */ shell_name = base_pathname (argv[0]); if (*shell_name == '-') shell_name++; if (shell_name[0] == 's' && shell_name[1] == 'h' && !shell_name[2]) act_like_sh++; yydebug = 0; shell_environment = env; shell_name = argv[0]; dollar_vars[0] = savestring (shell_name); if (*shell_name == '-') { shell_name++; login_shell++; } #if defined (JOB_CONTROL) if (act_like_sh) job_control = 0; /* XXX - not posix */ #endif /* JOB_CONTROL */ shell_start_time = NOW; /* NOW now defined in general.h */ /* A program may start an interactive shell with "execl ("/bin/bash", "-", NULL)". If so, default the name of this shell to our name. */ if (!shell_name || !*shell_name || (shell_name[0] == '-' && !shell_name[1])) shell_name = "bash"; /* Parse argument flags from the input line. */ /* Find full word arguments first. */ while ((arg_index != argc) && *(argv[arg_index]) == '-') { for (i = 0; long_args[i].name; i++) { if (STREQ (&(argv[arg_index][1]), long_args[i].name)) { if (long_args[i].type == Int) *long_args[i].int_value = 1; else { if (!argv[++arg_index]) { report_error ("option `%s' expected an argument", long_args[i].name); exit (1); } else *long_args[i].char_value = argv[arg_index]; } goto handle_next_arg; } } break; /* No such argument. Maybe flag arg. */ handle_next_arg: arg_index++; } /* If we're in a strict Posix.2 mode, turn on interactive comments. */ if (posixly_correct) interactive_comments = 1; /* If user supplied the "-login" flag, then set and invert LOGIN_SHELL. */ if (make_login_shell) { login_shell++; login_shell = -login_shell; } /* All done with full word options; do standard shell option parsing.*/ this_command_name = shell_name; /* for error reporting */ while (arg_index != argc && argv[arg_index] && (*argv[arg_index] == '-' || *argv[arg_index] == '+')) { /* There are flag arguments, so parse them. */ int arg_character, on_or_off, next_arg; char *o_option, *arg_string; i = 1; next_arg = arg_index + 1; arg_string = argv[arg_index]; on_or_off = arg_string[0]; /* A single `-' signals the end of options. From the 4.3 BSD sh. An option `--' means the same thing; this is the standard getopt(3) meaning. */ if (arg_string[0] == '-' && (arg_string[1] == '\0' || (arg_string[1] == '-' && arg_string[2] == '\0'))) { arg_index++; break; } while (arg_character = arg_string[i++]) { switch (arg_character) { case 'c': want_pending_command = 1; break; case 's': read_from_stdin = 1; break; case 'o': o_option = argv[next_arg]; if (!o_option) { list_minus_o_opts (); break; } if (set_minus_o_option (on_or_off, o_option) != EXECUTION_SUCCESS) exit (1); next_arg++; break; default: if (change_flag (arg_character, on_or_off) == FLAG_ERROR) { report_error ("%c%c: bad option", on_or_off, arg_character); exit (1); } } } /* Can't do just a simple increment anymore -- what about "bash -abouo emacs ignoreeof -hP"? */ arg_index = next_arg; } /* Need to get the argument to a -c option processed in the above loop. The next arg is a command to execute, and the following args are $0...$n respectively. */ if (want_pending_command) { local_pending_command = argv[arg_index]; if (!local_pending_command) { report_error ("`-c' requires an argument"); exit (1); } arg_index++; } this_command_name = (char *)NULL; /* First, let the outside world know about our interactive status. A shell is interactive if the `-i' flag was given, or if all of the following conditions are met: no -c command no arguments remaining or the -s flag given standard input is a terminal standard output is a terminal Refer to Posix.2, the description of the `sh' utility. */ if (forced_interactive || /* -i flag */ (!local_pending_command && /* No -c command and ... */ ((arg_index == argc) || /* no remaining args or... */ read_from_stdin) && /* -s flag with args, and */ isatty (fileno (stdin)) && /* Input is a terminal and */ isatty (fileno (stdout)))) /* output is a terminal. */ { interactive_shell = startup_state = interactive = 1; } else { #if defined (HISTORY) history_expansion = remember_on_history = 0; #endif /* HISTORY */ interactive_shell = startup_state = interactive = 0; no_line_editing = 1; #if defined (JOB_CONTROL) job_control = 0; #endif /* JOB_CONTROL */ } #define CLOSE_FDS_AT_LOGIN #if defined (CLOSE_FDS_AT_LOGIN) /* * Some systems have the bad habit of starting login shells with lots of open * file descriptors. For instance, most systems that have picked up the * pre-4.0 Sun YP code leave a file descriptor open each time you call one * of the getpw* functions, and it's set to be open across execs. That * means one for login, one for xterm, one for shelltool, etc. */ if (login_shell && interactive_shell) { for (i = 3; i < 20; i++) close (i); } #endif /* CLOSE_FDS_AT_LOGIN */ /* From here on in, the shell must be a normal functioning shell. Variables from the environment are expected to be set, etc. */ shell_initialize (); if (interactive_shell) { char *term = getenv ("TERM"); no_line_editing |= term && (STREQ (term, "emacs")); } top_level_arg_index = arg_index; if (!quiet && do_version) show_shell_version (); /* Give this shell a place to longjmp to before executing the startup files. This allows users to press C-c to abort the lengthy startup. */ { int code; code = setjmp (top_level); if (code) { if (code == EXITPROG) goto exit_shell; else locally_skip_execution++; } } arg_index = top_level_arg_index; /* Execute the start-up scripts. */ if (!interactive_shell) { makunbound ("PS1", shell_variables); makunbound ("PS2", shell_variables); interactive = 0; } else { change_flag ('i', FLAG_ON); interactive = 1; } if (!locally_skip_execution) run_startup_files (); #if defined (RESTRICTED_SHELL) /* I turn on the restrictions afterwards because it is explictly stated in the POSIX spec that PATH cannot be set in a restricted shell, except in .profile. */ maybe_make_restricted (shell_name); #endif /* RESTRICTED_SHELL */ if (local_pending_command) { /* Bind remaining args to $0 ... $n */ WORD_LIST *args = (WORD_LIST *)NULL; while (arg_index != argc) args = make_word_list (make_word (argv[arg_index++]), args); if (args) { args = REVERSE_LIST (args, WORD_LIST *); /* Posix.2 4.56.3 says that the first argument after sh -c command becomes $0, and the rest of the arguments are bound to $1 ... $N. */ shell_name = savestring (args->word->word); /* XXX */ dollar_vars[0] = savestring (args->word->word); remember_args (args->next, 1); dispose_words (args); } startup_state = 2; #if defined (ONESHOT) run_one_command (local_pending_command); goto exit_shell; #else /* ONESHOT */ with_input_from_string (local_pending_command, "-c"); goto read_and_execute; #endif /* !ONESHOT */ } /* Do the things that should be done only for interactive shells. */ if (interactive_shell) { /* Set up for checking for presence of mail. */ remember_mail_dates (); reset_mail_timer (); #if defined (HISTORY) /* Initialize the interactive history stuff. */ if (!shell_initialized) load_history (); #endif /* HISTORY */ /* Initialize terminal state for interactive shells after the .bash_profile and .bashrc are interpreted. */ get_tty_state (); } /* Get possible input filename. */ if ((arg_index != argc) && !read_from_stdin) { int fd; char *filename; free (dollar_vars[0]); dollar_vars[0] = savestring (argv[arg_index]); filename = savestring (argv[arg_index]); fd = open (filename, O_RDONLY); if ((fd < 0) && (errno == ENOENT) && (absolute_program (filename) == 0)) { char *path_filename; /* If it's not in the current directory, try looking through PATH for it. */ path_filename = find_path_file (argv[arg_index]); if (path_filename) { free (filename); filename = path_filename; fd = open (filename, O_RDONLY); } } arg_index++; if (fd < 0) { file_error (filename); exit (1); } /* Only do this with file descriptors we can seek on. */ if (lseek (fd, 0L, 1) != -1) { unsigned char sample[80]; int sample_len; /* Check to see if the `file' in `bash file' is a binary file according to the same tests done by execute_simple_command (), and report an error and exit if it is. */ sample_len = read (fd, sample, sizeof (sample)); if (sample_len > 0 && (check_binary_file (sample, sample_len))) { report_error ("%s: cannot execute binary file", filename); exit (EX_BINARY_FILE); } /* Now rewind the file back to the beginning. */ lseek (fd, 0L, 0); } #if defined (BUFFERED_INPUT) default_buffered_input = fd; if (default_buffered_input == -1) { file_error (filename); exit (127); } SET_CLOSE_ON_EXEC (default_buffered_input); #else /* !BUFFERED_INPUT */ /* Open the script. But try to move the file descriptor to a randomly large one, in the hopes that any descriptors used by the script will not match with ours. */ { int script_fd, nfds; nfds = getdtablesize (); if (nfds <= 0) nfds = 20; if (nfds > 256) nfds = 256; script_fd = dup2 (fd, nfds - 1); if (script_fd) { close (fd); fd = script_fd; } } default_input = fdopen (fd, "r"); if (!default_input) { file_error (filename); exit (127); } SET_CLOSE_ON_EXEC (fd); if (fileno (default_input) != fd) SET_CLOSE_ON_EXEC (fileno (default_input)); #endif /* !BUFFERED_INPUT */ if (!interactive_shell || (!isatty (fd))) { #if defined (HISTORY) history_expansion = 0; remember_on_history = 0; #endif /* HISTORY */ interactive = interactive_shell = 0; no_line_editing = 1; #if defined (JOB_CONTROL) set_job_control (0); #endif /* JOB_CONTROL */ } else { /* I don't believe that this code is ever executed, even in the presence of /dev/fd. */ dup2 (fd, 0); close (fd); fclose (default_input); } } else if (!interactive) /* In this mode, bash is reading a script from stdin, which is a pipe or redirected file. */ #if defined (BUFFERED_INPUT) default_buffered_input = fileno (stdin); /* == 0 */ #else setbuf (default_input, (char *)NULL); #endif /* !BUFFERED_INPUT */ /* Bind remaining args to $1 ... $n */ { WORD_LIST *args = (WORD_LIST *)NULL; while (arg_index != argc) args = make_word_list (make_word (argv[arg_index++]), args); args = REVERSE_LIST (args, WORD_LIST *); remember_args (args, 1); dispose_words (args); } #if defined (BUFFERED_INPUT) if (!interactive) unset_nodelay_mode (default_buffered_input); else unset_nodelay_mode (fileno (stdin)); #else unset_nodelay_mode (fileno (stdin)); #endif /* !BUFFERED_INPUT */ /* with_input_from_stdin really means `with_input_from_readline' */ if (interactive && !no_line_editing) with_input_from_stdin (); else #if defined (BUFFERED_INPUT) { if (!interactive) with_input_from_buffered_stream (default_buffered_input, dollar_vars[0]); else with_input_from_stream (default_input, dollar_vars[0]); } #else /* !BUFFERED_INPUT */ with_input_from_stream (default_input, dollar_vars[0]); #endif /* !BUFFERED_INPUT */ #if !defined (ONESHOT) read_and_execute: #endif /* !ONESHOT */ shell_initialized = 1; /* Read commands until exit condition. */ reader_loop (); exit_shell: /* Do trap[0] if defined. */ if (signal_is_trapped (0)) last_command_exit_value = run_exit_trap (); #if defined (PROCESS_SUBSTITUTION) unlink_fifo_list (); #endif /* PROCESS_SUBSTITUTION */ #if defined (HISTORY) if (interactive && remember_on_history) maybe_save_shell_history (); #endif /* HISTORY */ #if defined (JOB_CONTROL) /* If this shell is interactive, terminate all stopped jobs and restore the original terminal process group. */ end_job_control (); #endif /* JOB_CONTROL */ /* Always return the exit status of the last command to our parent. */ exit (last_command_exit_value); } #if !defined (SYS_PROFILE) # define SYS_PROFILE "/etc/profile" #endif /* !SYS_PROFILE */ /* Source the bash startup files. If POSIXLY_CORRECT is non-zero, we obey the Posix.2 startup file rules: $ENV is expanded, and if the file it names exists, that file is sourced. The Posix.2 rules are in effect for both interactive and non-interactive shells (section 4.56.5.3) */ static void run_startup_files () { if (!posixly_correct) { if (login_shell) { /* We don't execute .bashrc for login shells. */ no_rc++; if (no_profile == 0) maybe_execute_file (SYS_PROFILE, 1); } if (login_shell && !no_profile) { if (act_like_sh) maybe_execute_file ("~/.profile", 1); else { if (maybe_execute_file ("~/.bash_profile", 1) == 0) if (maybe_execute_file ("~/.bash_login", 1) == 0) maybe_execute_file ("~/.profile", 1); } } /* Execute ~/.bashrc for most shells. Never execute it if ACT_LIKE_SH is set, or if NO_RC is set. If the executable file "/usr/gnu/src/bash/foo" contains: #!/usr/gnu/bin/bash echo hello then: COMMAND EXECUTE BASHRC -------------------------------- bash -c foo NO bash foo NO foo NO rsh machine ls YES (for rsh, which calls `bash -c') rsh machine foo YES (for shell started by rsh) NO (for foo!) echo ls | bash NO login NO bash YES */ if (!act_like_sh && !no_rc && (interactive_shell || (isnetconn (fileno (stdin)) && local_pending_command))) maybe_execute_file (bashrc_file, 1); } /* Try a TMB suggestion. If running a script, then execute the file mentioned in the ENV variable. */ if (!privileged_mode && sourced_env++ == 0 && act_like_sh == 0 && (posixly_correct || !interactive_shell)) { char *env_file = (char *)NULL; if (!posixly_correct) env_file = getenv ("BASH_ENV"); if (!env_file) env_file = getenv ("ENV"); if (env_file && *env_file) { WORD_LIST *list; char *expanded_file_name; list = expand_string_unsplit (env_file, 1); if (list) { expanded_file_name = string_list (list); dispose_words (list); if (expanded_file_name && *expanded_file_name) maybe_execute_file (expanded_file_name, 1); if (expanded_file_name) free (expanded_file_name); } } } } #if defined (RESTRICTED_SHELL) /* Perhaps make this shell a `restricted' one, based on NAME. If the basename of NAME is "rbash", then this shell is restricted. In a restricted shell, PATH and SHELL are read-only and non-unsettable. Do this also if `restricted' is already set to 1; maybe the shell was started with -r. */ maybe_make_restricted (name) char *name; { char *temp; temp = base_pathname (shell_name); if (restricted || (STREQ (temp, "rbash"))) { set_var_read_only ("PATH"); non_unsettable ("PATH"); set_var_read_only ("SHELL"); non_unsettable ("SHELL"); restricted++; } } #endif /* RESTRICTED_SHELL */ /* Try to execute the contents of FNAME. If FNAME doesn't exist, that is not an error, but other kinds of errors are. A non-zero FORCE_NONINTERACTIVE means to set the value of `interactive' to 0 so things like job control are disabled; the value is unchanged otherwise. Returns -1 in the case of an error, 0 in the case that the file was not found, and 1 if the file was found and executed. */ maybe_execute_file (fname, force_noninteractive) char *fname; int force_noninteractive; { jmp_buf old_return_catch; int return_val, fd, tresult, old_interactive; char *filename, *string; struct stat file_info; filename = tilde_expand (fname); fd = open (filename, O_RDONLY); if (fd < 0) { file_error_and_exit: if (errno != ENOENT) file_error (filename); free (filename); return ((errno == ENOENT) ? 0 : -1); } if (fstat (fd, &file_info) == -1) goto file_error_and_exit; if (S_ISDIR (file_info.st_mode)) { internal_error ("%s: cannot execute directories", filename); free (filename); return -1; } string = (char *)xmalloc (1 + (int)file_info.st_size); tresult = read (fd, string, file_info.st_size); { int tt = errno; close (fd); errno = tt; } if (tresult != file_info.st_size) { free (string); goto file_error_and_exit; } string[file_info.st_size] = '\0'; return_catch_flag++; xbcopy ((char *)return_catch, (char *)old_return_catch, sizeof (jmp_buf)); if (force_noninteractive) { old_interactive = interactive; interactive = 0; } return_val = setjmp (return_catch); /* If `return' was seen outside of a function, but in the script, then force parse_and_execute () to clean up. */ if (return_val) parse_and_execute_cleanup (); else tresult = parse_and_execute (string, filename, -1); if (force_noninteractive) interactive = old_interactive; return_catch_flag--; xbcopy ((char *)old_return_catch, (char *)return_catch, sizeof (jmp_buf)); free (filename); return (1); } #if defined (ONESHOT) /* Run one command, given as the argument to the -c option. Tell parse_and_execute not to fork for a simple command. */ run_one_command (command) char *command; { int code; code = setjmp (top_level); if (code != NOT_JUMPED) { #if defined (PROCESS_SUBSTITUTION) unlink_fifo_list (); #endif /* PROCESS_SUBSTITUTION */ switch (code) { /* Some kind of throw to top_level has occured. */ case FORCE_EOF: case EXITPROG: return last_command_exit_value = 127; case DISCARD: return last_command_exit_value = 1; default: programming_error ("Bad jump %d", code); } } return (parse_and_execute (savestring (command), "-c", -1)); } #endif /* ONESHOT */ reader_loop () { int our_indirection_level; COMMAND *current_command = (COMMAND *)NULL; our_indirection_level = ++indirection_level; while (!EOF_Reached) { int code; code = setjmp (top_level); #if defined (PROCESS_SUBSTITUTION) unlink_fifo_list (); #endif /* PROCESS_SUBSTITUTION */ if (interactive_shell && signal_is_ignored (SIGINT) == 0) set_signal_handler (SIGINT, sigint_sighandler); if (code != NOT_JUMPED) { indirection_level = our_indirection_level; switch (code) { /* Some kind of throw to top_level has occured. */ case FORCE_EOF: case EXITPROG: current_command = (COMMAND *)NULL; EOF_Reached = EOF; goto exec_done; case DISCARD: /* Obstack free command elements, etc. */ if (current_command) { dispose_command (current_command); current_command = (COMMAND *)NULL; } last_command_exit_value = 1; break; default: programming_error ("Bad jump %d", code); } } executing = 0; dispose_used_env_vars (); #if (defined (Ultrix) && defined (mips)) || !defined (HAVE_ALLOCA) /* Attempt to reclaim memory allocated with alloca (). */ (void) alloca (0); #endif if (read_command () == 0) { if (global_command) { current_command = global_command; current_command_number++; /* POSIX spec: "-n: The shell reads commands but does not execute them; this can be used to check for shell script syntax errors. The shell ignores the -n option for interactive shells. " */ if (interactive_shell || !read_but_dont_execute) { executing = 1; execute_command (current_command); } exec_done: if (current_command) { dispose_command (current_command); current_command = (COMMAND *)NULL; } QUIT; } } else { /* Parse error, maybe discard rest of stream if not interactive. */ if (!interactive) EOF_Reached = EOF; } if (just_one_command) EOF_Reached = EOF; } indirection_level--; } /* Return a string denoting what our indirection level is. */ static char indirection_string[100]; char * indirection_level_string () { register int i, j; char *ps4 = get_string_value ("PS4"); if (!ps4) ps4 = savestring ("+ "); else ps4 = decode_prompt_string (ps4); for (i = 0; i < indirection_level && i < 99; i++) indirection_string[i] = *ps4; for (j = 1; ps4[j] && i < 99; i++, j++) indirection_string[i] = ps4[j]; indirection_string[i] = '\0'; free (ps4); return (indirection_string); } static sighandler alrm_catcher(i) int i; { printf ("%ctimed out waiting for input: auto-logout\n", '\07'); longjmp (top_level, EXITPROG); #if !defined (VOID_SIGHANDLER) return (0); #endif /* !VOID_SIGHANDLER */ } parse_command () { int r; need_here_doc = 0; run_pending_traps (); /* Allow the execution of a random command just before the printing of each primary prompt. If the shell variable PROMPT_COMMAND is set then the value of it is the command to execute. */ if (interactive && bash_input.type != st_string) { char *command_to_execute; command_to_execute = get_string_value ("PROMPT_COMMAND"); if (command_to_execute) execute_prompt_command (command_to_execute); } current_command_line_count = 0; r = yyparse (); if (need_here_doc) gather_here_documents (); return (r); } read_command () { SHELL_VAR *tmout_var = (SHELL_VAR *)NULL; int tmout_len = 0, result; SigHandler *old_alrm = (SigHandler *)NULL; prompt_string_pointer = &ps1_prompt; global_command = (COMMAND *)NULL; /* Only do timeouts if interactive. */ if (interactive) { tmout_var = find_variable ("TMOUT"); if (tmout_var && tmout_var->value) { tmout_len = atoi (tmout_var->value); if (tmout_len > 0) { old_alrm = set_signal_handler (SIGALRM, alrm_catcher); alarm (tmout_len); } } } QUIT; current_command_line_count = 0; result = parse_command (); if (interactive && tmout_var && (tmout_len > 0)) { alarm(0); set_signal_handler (SIGALRM, old_alrm); } return (result); } /* Cause STREAM to buffer lines as opposed to characters or blocks. */ static void line_buffer_stream (stream) FILE *stream; { /* If your machine doesn't have either of setlinebuf or setvbuf, you can just comment out the buffering commands, and the shell will still work. It will take more cycles, though. */ #if defined (HAVE_SETLINEBUF) setlinebuf (stream); #else # if defined (_IOLBF) # if defined (REVERSED_SETVBUF_ARGS) setvbuf (stream, _IOLBF, (char *)NULL, BUFSIZ); # else /* !REVERSED_SETVBUF_ARGS */ setvbuf (stream, (char *)NULL, _IOLBF, BUFSIZ); # endif /* !REVERSED_SETVBUF_ARGS */ # endif /* _IOLBF */ #endif /* !HAVE_SETLINEBUF */ } /* Do whatever is necessary to initialize the shell. Put new initializations in here. */ static void shell_initialize () { /* Line buffer output for stderr and stdout. */ line_buffer_stream (stderr); line_buffer_stream (stdout); /* Sort the array of shell builtins so that the binary search in find_shell_builtin () works correctly. */ initialize_shell_builtins (); /* Initialize the trap signal handlers before installing our own signal handlers. traps.c:restore_original_signals () is responsible for restoring the original default signal handlers. That function is called when we make a new child. */ initialize_traps (); initialize_signals (); /* Initialize current_user.name and current_host_name. */ { struct passwd *entry = getpwuid (current_user.uid); char hostname[256]; if (gethostname (hostname, 255) < 0) current_host_name = "??host??"; else current_host_name = savestring (hostname); if (entry) { current_user.user_name = savestring (entry->pw_name); if (entry->pw_shell && entry->pw_shell[0]) current_user.shell = savestring (entry->pw_shell); else current_user.shell = savestring ("/bin/sh"); current_user.home_dir = savestring (entry->pw_dir); } else { current_user.user_name = savestring ("I have no name!"); current_user.shell = savestring ("/bin/sh"); current_user.home_dir = savestring ("/"); } endpwent (); } /* Initialize our interface to the tilde expander. */ tilde_initialize (); /* Initialize internal and environment variables. */ initialize_shell_variables (shell_environment); /* Initialize filename hash tables. */ initialize_filename_hashing (); /* Initialize the data structures for storing and running jobs. */ initialize_jobs (); /* Initialize input streams to null. */ initialize_bash_input (); } /* Function called by main () when it appears that the shell has already had some initialization performed. This is supposed to reset the world back to a pristine state, as if we had been exec'ed. */ static void shell_reinitialize () { /* The default shell prompts. */ primary_prompt = PPROMPT; secondary_prompt = SPROMPT; /* Things that get 1. */ current_command_number = 1; /* We have decided that the ~/.bashrc file should not be executed for the invocation of each shell script. If the variable $ENV (or $BASH_ENV) is set, its value is used as the name of a file to source. */ no_rc = no_profile = 1; /* Things that get 0. */ login_shell = make_login_shell = interactive = executing = 0; debugging = do_version = line_number = last_command_exit_value = 0; forced_interactive = interactive_shell = subshell_environment = 0; #if defined (HISTORY) remember_on_history = history_expansion = 0; #endif /* HISTORY */ #if defined (RESTRICTED_SHELL) restricted = 0; #endif /* RESTRICTED_SHELL */ /* Ensure that the default startup file is used. (Except that we don't execute this file for reinitialized shells). */ bashrc_file = "~/.bashrc"; /* Delete all variables and functions. They will be reinitialized when the environment is parsed. */ delete_all_variables (shell_variables); delete_all_variables (shell_functions); /* Pretend the PATH variable has changed. */ sv_path ("PATH"); } static void initialize_signals () { initialize_terminating_signals (); initialize_job_signals (); #if defined (INITIALIZE_SIGLIST) initialize_siglist (); #endif } void reinitialize_signals () { initialize_terminating_signals (); initialize_job_signals (); } /* A structure describing a signal that terminates the shell if not caught. The orig_handler member is present so children can reset these signals back to their original handlers. */ struct termsig { int signum; SigHandler *orig_handler; }; #define NULL_HANDLER (SigHandler *)SIG_DFL /* The list of signals that would terminate the shell if not caught. We catch them, but just so that we can write the history file, and so forth. */ static struct termsig terminating_signals[] = { #ifdef SIGHUP SIGHUP, NULL_HANDLER, #endif #ifdef SIGINT SIGINT, NULL_HANDLER, #endif #ifdef SIGILL SIGILL, NULL_HANDLER, #endif #ifdef SIGTRAP SIGTRAP, NULL_HANDLER, #endif #ifdef SIGIOT SIGIOT, NULL_HANDLER, #endif #ifdef SIGDANGER SIGDANGER, NULL_HANDLER, #endif #ifdef SIGEMT SIGEMT, NULL_HANDLER, #endif #ifdef SIGFPE SIGFPE, NULL_HANDLER, #endif #ifdef SIGBUS SIGBUS, NULL_HANDLER, #endif #ifdef SIGSEGV SIGSEGV, NULL_HANDLER, #endif #ifdef SIGSYS SIGSYS, NULL_HANDLER, #endif #ifdef SIGPIPE SIGPIPE, NULL_HANDLER, #endif #ifdef SIGALRM SIGALRM, NULL_HANDLER, #endif #ifdef SIGTERM SIGTERM, NULL_HANDLER, #endif #ifdef SIGXCPU SIGXCPU, NULL_HANDLER, #endif #ifdef SIGXFSZ SIGXFSZ, NULL_HANDLER, #endif #ifdef SIGVTALRM SIGVTALRM, NULL_HANDLER, #endif #ifdef SIGPROF SIGPROF, NULL_HANDLER, #endif #ifdef SIGLOST SIGLOST, NULL_HANDLER, #endif #ifdef SIGUSR1 SIGUSR1, NULL_HANDLER, #endif #ifdef SIGUSR2 SIGUSR2, NULL_HANDLER, #endif }; #define TERMSIGS_LENGTH (sizeof (terminating_signals) / sizeof (struct termsig)) #define XSIG(x) (terminating_signals[x].signum) #define XHANDLER(x) (terminating_signals[x].orig_handler) /* This function belongs here? */ sighandler termination_unwind_protect (sig) int sig; { if (sig == SIGINT && signal_is_trapped (SIGINT)) run_interrupt_trap (); #if defined (HISTORY) if (interactive && remember_on_history) maybe_save_shell_history (); #endif /* HISTORY */ #if defined (JOB_CONTROL) if (interactive && sig == SIGHUP) hangup_all_jobs (); end_job_control (); #endif /* JOB_CONTROL */ #if defined (PROCESS_SUBSTITUTION) unlink_fifo_list (); #endif /* PROCESS_SUBSTITUTION */ run_exit_trap (); signal (sig, SIG_DFL); kill (getpid (), sig); #if !defined (VOID_SIGHANDLER) return (0); #endif /* VOID_SIGHANDLER */ } /* Initialize signals that will terminate the shell to do some unwind protection. */ static void initialize_terminating_signals () { register int i; /* The following code is to avoid an expensive call to set_signal_handler () for each terminating_signals. Fortunately, this is possible in Posix. Unfortunately, we have to call signal () on non-Posix systems for each signal in terminating_signals. */ #if defined (_POSIX_VERSION) struct sigaction act, oact; act.sa_handler = termination_unwind_protect; act.sa_flags = 0; sigemptyset (&act.sa_mask); sigemptyset (&oact.sa_mask); for (i = 0; i < TERMSIGS_LENGTH; i++) sigaddset (&act.sa_mask, XSIG (i)); for (i = 0; i < TERMSIGS_LENGTH; i++) { sigaction (XSIG (i), &act, &oact); terminating_signals[i].orig_handler = oact.sa_handler; /* Don't do anything with signals that are ignored at shell entry if the shell is not interactive. */ if (!interactive_shell && oact.sa_handler == SIG_IGN) { sigaction (XSIG (i), &oact, &act); set_signal_ignored (XSIG (i)); } } #else /* !_POSIX_VERSION */ for (i = 0; i < TERMSIGS_LENGTH; i++) { terminating_signals[i].orig_handler = signal (XSIG (i), termination_unwind_protect); /* Don't do anything with signals that are ignored at shell entry if the shell is not interactive. */ if (!interactive_shell && terminating_signals[i].orig_handler == SIG_IGN) { signal (XSIG (i), SIG_IGN); set_signal_ignored (XSIG (i)); } } #endif /* !_POSIX_VERSION */ #if defined (JOB_CONTROL) || defined (_POSIX_VERSION) /* All shells use the signal mask they inherit, and pass it along to child processes. Children will never block SIGCHLD, though. */ sigemptyset (&top_level_mask); sigprocmask (SIG_BLOCK, (sigset_t *)NULL, &top_level_mask); sigdelset (&top_level_mask, SIGCHLD); #endif /* JOB_CONTROL || _POSIX_VERSION */ /* And, some signals that are specifically ignored by the shell. */ signal (SIGQUIT, SIG_IGN); if (interactive) { set_signal_handler (SIGINT, sigint_sighandler); signal (SIGTERM, SIG_IGN); } } void reset_terminating_signals () { register int i; #if defined (_POSIX_VERSION) struct sigaction act; act.sa_flags = 0; sigemptyset (&act.sa_mask); for (i = 0; i < TERMSIGS_LENGTH; i++) { /* Skip a signal if it's trapped or handled specially, because the trap code will restore the correct value. */ if (signal_is_trapped (XSIG (i)) || signal_is_special (XSIG (i))) continue; act.sa_handler = XHANDLER (i); sigaction (XSIG (i), &act, (struct sigaction *) NULL); } #else for (i = 0; i < TERMSIGS_LENGTH; i++) { if (signal_is_trapped (XSIG (i)) || signal_is_special (XSIG (i))) continue; signal (XSIG (i), XHANDLER (i)); } #endif } #undef XSIG #undef XHANDLER /* What to do when we've been interrupted, and it is safe to handle it. */ void throw_to_top_level () { int print_newline = 0; if (interrupt_state) { print_newline = 1; interrupt_state--; } if (interrupt_state) return; last_command_exit_value |= 128; /* Run any traps set on SIGINT. */ run_interrupt_trap (); /* Cleanup string parser environment. */ while (parse_and_execute_level) parse_and_execute_cleanup (); #if defined (JOB_CONTROL) give_terminal_to (shell_pgrp); #endif /* JOB_CONTROL */ #if defined (JOB_CONTROL) || defined (_POSIX_VERSION) sigprocmask (SIG_SETMASK, &top_level_mask, (sigset_t *)NULL); #endif reset_parser (); #if defined (READLINE) if (interactive) bashline_reinitialize (); #endif /* READLINE */ #if defined (PROCESS_SUBSTITUTION) unlink_fifo_list (); #endif /* PROCESS_SUBSTITUTION */ run_unwind_protects (); loop_level = continuing = breaking = 0; return_catch_flag = 0; if (interactive && print_newline) { fflush (stdout); fprintf (stderr, "\n"); fflush (stderr); } /* An interrupted `wait' command in a script does not exit the script. */ if (interactive || (interactive_shell && !shell_initialized) || (print_newline && signal_is_trapped (SIGINT))) longjmp (top_level, DISCARD); else longjmp (top_level, EXITPROG); } /* When non-zero, we throw_to_top_level (). */ int interrupt_immediately = 0; /* What we really do when SIGINT occurs. */ sighandler sigint_sighandler (sig) int sig; { #if defined (USG) && !defined (_POSIX_VERSION) signal (sig, sigint_sighandler); #endif /* interrupt_state needs to be set for the stack of interrupts to work right. Should it be set unconditionally? */ if (!interrupt_state) interrupt_state++; if (interrupt_immediately) { interrupt_immediately = 0; throw_to_top_level (); } #if !defined (VOID_SIGHANDLER) return (0); #endif /* VOID_SIGHANDLER */ } /* Give version information about this shell. */ char * shell_version_string () { static char tt[16] = { '\0' }; if (!tt[0]) sprintf (tt, "%s.%d(%d)", dist_version, patch_level, build_version); return tt; } void show_shell_version () { printf ("GNU %s, version %s\n", base_pathname (shell_name), shell_version_string ()); } #if !defined (USG) && defined (ENOTSOCK) # if !defined (HAVE_SOCKETS) # define HAVE_SOCKETS # endif #endif #if defined (HAVE_SOCKETS) #include #endif /* Is FD a socket or network connection? */ static int isnetconn (fd) int fd; { #if defined (USGr4) || defined (USGr4_2) /* Sockets on SVR4 and SVR4.2 are character special (streams) devices. */ struct stat sb; if (fstat (fd, &sb) < 0) return (0); return (S_ISCHR (sb.st_mode)); #else /* !USGr4 && !USGr4_2 */ # if defined (HAVE_SOCKETS) int rv, l; struct sockaddr sa; l = sizeof(sa); rv = getpeername(0, &sa, &l); return ((rv < 0 && errno == ENOTSOCK) ? 0 : 1); # else /* !HAVE_SOCKETS */ # if defined (S_ISSOCK) struct stat sb; if (fstat (fd, &sb) < 0) return (0); return (S_ISSOCK (sb.st_mode)); # else /* !S_ISSOCK */ return (0); # endif /* !S_ISSOCK */ # endif /* !HAVE_SOCKETS */ #endif /* !USGr4 && !USGr4_2 */ } bash-1.14.3/shell.h 644 436 0 6330 5535436060 12141 0ustar chetwheel/* shell.h -- The data structures used by the shell */ /* Copyright (C) 1993 Free Software Foundation, Inc. This file is part of GNU Bash, the Bourne Again SHell. Bash is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option) any later version. Bash is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details. You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with Bash; see the file COPYING. If not, write to the Free Software Foundation, 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. */ #include "config.h" #include "command.h" #include "general.h" #include "error.h" #include "variables.h" #include "quit.h" #include "maxpath.h" #include "unwind_prot.h" #include "dispose_cmd.h" #include "make_cmd.h" #include "subst.h" #include "externs.h" extern int EOF_Reached; #define NO_PIPE -1 #define REDIRECT_BOTH -2 #define IS_DESCRIPTOR -1 #define NO_VARIABLE -1 /* A bunch of stuff for flow of control using setjmp () and longjmp (). */ #include extern jmp_buf top_level, catch; #define NOT_JUMPED 0 /* Not returning from a longjmp. */ #define FORCE_EOF 1 /* We want to stop parsing. */ #define DISCARD 2 /* Discard current command. */ #define EXITPROG 3 /* Unconditionally exit the program now. */ /* Values that can be returned by execute_command (). */ #define EXECUTION_FAILURE 1 #define EXECUTION_SUCCESS 0 /* Usage messages by builtins result in a return status of 2. */ #define EX_USAGE 2 /* Special exit status used when the shell is asked to execute a binary file as a shell script. */ #define EX_BINARY_FILE 126 #define EX_NOEXEC 126 #define EX_NOTFOUND 127 /* The list of characters that are quoted in double-quotes with a backslash. Other characters following a backslash cause nothing special to happen. */ #define slashify_in_quotes "\\`$\"" #define slashify_in_here_document "\\`$" /* Constants which specify how to handle backslashes and quoting in expand_word_internal (). Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES means to use the function slashify_in_quotes () to decide whether the backslash should be retained. Q_HERE_DOCUMENT means slashify_in_here_document () to decide whether to retain the backslash. Q_KEEP_BACKSLASH means to unconditionally retain the backslash. */ #define Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES 0x1 #define Q_HERE_DOCUMENT 0x2 #define Q_KEEP_BACKSLASH 0x4 extern char **shell_environment; extern WORD_LIST *rest_of_args; /* Generalized global variables. */ extern int executing, login_shell; /* Structure to pass around that holds a bitmap of file descriptors to close, and the size of that structure. Used in execute_cmd.c. */ struct fd_bitmap { long size; char *bitmap; }; #define FD_BITMAP_SIZE 32 #define CTLESC '\001' #define CTLNUL '\002' /* Information about the current user. */ struct user_info { int uid, euid; int gid, egid; char *user_name; char *shell; /* shell from the password file */ char *home_dir; }; extern struct user_info current_user; bash-1.14.3/siglist.c 644 436 0 10521 5501131103 12477 0ustar chetwheel/* siglist.c -- signal list for those machines that don't have one. */ /* Copyright (C) 1989 Free Software Foundation, Inc. This file is part of GNU Bash, the Bourne Again SHell. Bash is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 1, or (at your option) any later version. Bash is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details. You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with Bash; see the file COPYING. If not, write to the Free Software Foundation, 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. */ #include #include #include #include "siglist.h" #if !defined (NSIG) # include "trap.h" #endif char *sys_siglist[NSIG]; extern char *xmalloc (), *malloc (); void initialize_siglist () { register int i; for (i = 0; i < NSIG; i++) sys_siglist[i] = (char *)0x0; sys_siglist[0] = "Bogus signal"; #if defined (SIGHUP) sys_siglist[SIGHUP] = "Hangup"; #endif #if defined (SIGINT) sys_siglist[SIGINT] = "Interrupt"; #endif #if defined (SIGQUIT) sys_siglist[SIGQUIT] = "Quit"; #endif #if defined (SIGILL) sys_siglist[SIGILL] = "Illegal instruction"; #endif #if defined (SIGTRAP) sys_siglist[SIGTRAP] = "BPT trace/trap"; #endif #if defined (SIGIOT) && !defined (SIGABRT) #define SIGABRT SIGIOT #endif #if defined (SIGABRT) sys_siglist[SIGABRT] = "ABORT instruction"; #endif #if defined (SIGEMT) sys_siglist[SIGEMT] = "EMT instruction"; #endif #if defined (SIGFPE) sys_siglist[SIGFPE] = "Floating point exception"; #endif #if defined (SIGKILL) sys_siglist[SIGKILL] = "Killed"; #endif #if defined (SIGBUS) sys_siglist[SIGBUS] = "Bus error"; #endif #if defined (SIGSEGV) sys_siglist[SIGSEGV] = "Segmentation fault"; #endif #if defined (SIGSYS) sys_siglist[SIGSYS] = "Bad system call"; #endif #if defined (SIGPIPE) sys_siglist[SIGPIPE] = "Broken pipe"; #endif #if defined (SIGALRM) sys_siglist[SIGALRM] = "Alarm clock"; #endif #if defined (SIGTERM) sys_siglist[SIGTERM] = "Terminated"; #endif #if defined (SIGURG) sys_siglist[SIGURG] = "Urgent IO condition"; #endif #if defined (SIGSTOP) sys_siglist[SIGSTOP] = "Stopped (signal)"; #endif #if defined (SIGTSTP) sys_siglist[SIGTSTP] = "Stopped"; #endif #if defined (SIGCONT) sys_siglist[SIGCONT] = "Continue"; #endif #if !defined (SIGCHLD) && defined (SIGCLD) #define SIGCHLD SIGCLD #endif #if defined (SIGCHLD) sys_siglist[SIGCHLD] = "Child death or stop"; #endif #if defined (SIGTTIN) sys_siglist[SIGTTIN] = "Stopped (tty input)"; #endif #if defined (SIGTTOU) sys_siglist[SIGTTOU] = "Stopped (tty output)"; #endif #if defined (SIGIO) sys_siglist[SIGIO] = "I/O ready"; #endif #if defined (SIGXCPU) sys_siglist[SIGXCPU] = "CPU limit"; #endif #if defined (SIGXFSZ) sys_siglist[SIGXFSZ] = "File limit"; #endif #if defined (SIGVTALRM) sys_siglist[SIGVTALRM] = "Alarm (virtual)"; #endif #if defined (SIGPROF) sys_siglist[SIGPROF] = "Alarm (profile)"; #endif #if defined (SIGWINCH) sys_siglist[SIGWINCH] = "Window changed"; #endif #if defined (SIGLOST) sys_siglist[SIGLOST] = "Record lock"; #endif #if defined (SIGUSR1) sys_siglist[SIGUSR1] = "User signal 1"; #endif #if defined (SIGUSR2) sys_siglist[SIGUSR2] = "User signal 2"; #endif #if defined (SIGMSG) sys_siglist[SIGMSG] = "HFT input data pending"; #endif #if defined (SIGPWR) sys_siglist[SIGPWR] = "power failure imminent"; #endif #if defined (SIGDANGER) sys_siglist[SIGDANGER] = "system crash imminent"; #endif #if defined (SIGMIGRATE) sys_siglist[SIGMIGRATE] = "migrate process to another CPU"; #endif #if defined (SIGPRE) sys_siglist[SIGPRE] = "programming error"; #endif #if defined (SIGGRANT) sys_siglist[SIGGRANT] = "HFT monitor mode granted"; #endif #if defined (SIGRETRACT) sys_siglist[SIGRETRACT] = "HFT monitor mode retracted"; #endif #if defined (SIGSOUND) sys_siglist[SIGSOUND] = "HFT sound sequence has completed"; #endif for (i = 0; i < NSIG; i++) { if (!sys_siglist[i]) { sys_siglist[i] = (char *)xmalloc (10 + strlen ("Unknown Signal #")); sprintf (sys_siglist[i], "Unknown Signal #%d", i); } } } bash-1.14.3/siglist.h 664 436 0 3075 5671102167 12514 0ustar chetwheel/* siglist.h -- encapsulate various definitions for sys_siglist */ /* Copyright (C) 1993 Free Software Foundation, Inc. This file is part of GNU Bash, the Bourne Again SHell. Bash is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option) any later version. Bash is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details. You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with Bash; see the file COPYING. If not, write to the Free Software Foundation, 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. */ #if !defined (_SIGLIST_H_) #define _SIGLIST_H_ #if defined (Solaris) || defined (USGr4_2) || defined (drs6000) || defined (amiga) || defined (Minix) # if !defined (sys_siglist) # define sys_siglist _sys_siglist # endif /* !sys_siglist */ #endif /* Solaris || USGr4_2 || drs6000 || amiga || Minix */ #if !defined (Solaris) && !defined (Linux) && !defined (__BSD_4_4__) && \ !defined (Minix) && !defined (NetBSD) && !defined (FreeBSD) extern char *sys_siglist[]; #endif /* !Solaris && !Linux && !__BSD_4_4__ && !Minix && !NetBSD && !FreeBSD */ #if !defined (strsignal) && !defined (Solaris) && !defined (NetBSD) # define strsignal(sig) (char *)sys_siglist[sig] #endif /* !strsignal && !Solaris && !NetBSD */ #endif /* _SIGLIST_H */ bash-1.14.3/signames.c 644 436 0 16202 5501131017 12635 0ustar chetwheel/* signames.c -- Create and write `signames.h', which contains an array of signal names. */ /* Copyright (C) 1992 Free Software Foundation, Inc. This file is part of GNU Bash, the Bourne Again SHell. Bash is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 1, or (at your option) any later version. Bash is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details. You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with Bash; see the file COPYING. If not, write to the Free Software Foundation, 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. */ #include #include #include #if defined (HAVE_STDLIB_H) # include #else # include "ansi_stdlib.h" #endif /* HAVE_STDLIB_H */ #if !defined (NSIG) # define NSIG 64 #endif char *signal_names[2 * NSIG]; char *progname; initialize_signames () { register int i; for (i = 1; i < sizeof(signal_names)/sizeof(signal_names[0]); i++) signal_names[i] = (char *)NULL; /* `signal' 0 is what we do on exit. */ signal_names[0] = "EXIT"; /* Place signal names which can be aliases for more common signal names first. This allows (for example) SIGEMT to overwrite SIGGRANT. */ #if defined (SIGGRANT) /* HFT monitor mode granted */ signal_names[SIGGRANT] = "SIGGRANT"; #endif #if defined (SIGRETRACT) /* HFT monitor mode retracted */ signal_names[SIGRETRACT] = "SIGRETRACT"; #endif #if defined (SIGHUP) /* hangup */ signal_names[SIGHUP] = "SIGHUP"; #endif #if defined (SIGINT) /* interrupt */ signal_names[SIGINT] = "SIGINT"; #endif #if defined (SIGQUIT) /* quit */ signal_names[SIGQUIT] = "SIGQUIT"; #endif #if defined (SIGILL) /* illegal instruction (not reset when caught) */ signal_names[SIGILL] = "SIGILL"; #endif #if defined (SIGTRAP) /* trace trap (not reset when caught) */ signal_names[SIGTRAP] = "SIGTRAP"; #endif #if defined (SIGABRT) /* Cause current process to dump core. */ signal_names[SIGABRT] = "SIGABRT"; #endif #if defined (SIGIOT) /* IOT instruction */ signal_names[SIGIOT] = "SIGIOT"; #endif #if defined (SIGEMT) /* EMT instruction */ signal_names[SIGEMT] = "SIGEMT"; #endif #if defined (SIGFPE) /* floating point exception */ signal_names[SIGFPE] = "SIGFPE"; #endif #if defined (SIGKILL) /* kill (cannot be caught or ignored) */ signal_names[SIGKILL] = "SIGKILL"; #endif #if defined (SIGBUS) /* bus error */ signal_names[SIGBUS] = "SIGBUS"; #endif #if defined (SIGSEGV) /* segmentation violation */ signal_names[SIGSEGV] = "SIGSEGV"; #endif #if defined (SIGSYS) /* bad argument to system call */ signal_names[SIGSYS] = "SIGSYS"; #endif #if defined (SIGPIPE) /* write on a pipe with no one to read it */ signal_names[SIGPIPE] = "SIGPIPE"; #endif #if defined (SIGALRM) /* alarm clock */ signal_names[SIGALRM] = "SIGALRM"; #endif #if defined (SIGTERM) /* software termination signal from kill */ signal_names[SIGTERM] = "SIGTERM"; #endif #if defined (SIGCLD) /* Like SIGCHLD. */ signal_names[SIGCLD] = "SIGCLD"; #endif #if defined (SIGPWR) /* Magic thing for some machines. */ signal_names[SIGPWR] = "SIGPWR"; #endif #if defined (SIGPOLL) /* For keyboard input? */ signal_names[SIGPOLL] = "SIGPOLL"; #endif #if defined (SIGURG) /* urgent condition on IO channel */ signal_names[SIGURG] = "SIGURG"; #endif #if defined (SIGSTOP) /* sendable stop signal not from tty */ signal_names[SIGSTOP] = "SIGSTOP"; #endif #if defined (SIGTSTP) /* stop signal from tty */ signal_names[SIGTSTP] = "SIGTSTP"; #endif #if defined (SIGCONT) /* continue a stopped process */ signal_names[SIGCONT] = "SIGCONT"; #endif #if defined (SIGCHLD) /* to parent on child stop or exit */ signal_names[SIGCHLD] = "SIGCHLD"; #endif #if defined (SIGTTIN) /* to readers pgrp upon background tty read */ signal_names[SIGTTIN] = "SIGTTIN"; #endif #if defined (SIGTTOU) /* like TTIN for output if (tp->t_local<OSTOP) */ signal_names[SIGTTOU] = "SIGTTOU"; #endif #if defined (SIGIO) /* input/output possible signal */ signal_names[SIGIO] = "SIGIO"; #endif #if defined (SIGXCPU) /* exceeded CPU time limit */ signal_names[SIGXCPU] = "SIGXCPU"; #endif #if defined (SIGXFSZ) /* exceeded file size limit */ signal_names[SIGXFSZ] = "SIGXFSZ"; #endif #if defined (SIGVTALRM) /* virtual time alarm */ signal_names[SIGVTALRM] = "SIGVTALRM"; #endif #if defined (SIGPROF) /* profiling time alarm */ signal_names[SIGPROF] = "SIGPROF"; #endif #if defined (SIGWINCH) /* window changed */ signal_names[SIGWINCH] = "SIGWINCH"; #endif #if defined (SIGLOST) /* resource lost (eg, record-lock lost) */ signal_names[SIGLOST] = "SIGLOST"; #endif #if defined (SIGUSR1) /* user defined signal 1 */ signal_names[SIGUSR1] = "SIGUSR1"; #endif #if defined (SIGUSR2) /* user defined signal 2 */ signal_names[SIGUSR2] = "SIGUSR2"; #endif #if defined (SIGMSG) /* HFT input data pending */ signal_names[SIGMSG] = "SIGMSG"; #endif #if defined (SIGPWR) /* power failure imminent (save your data) */ signal_names[SIGPWR] = "SIGPWR"; #endif #if defined (SIGDANGER) /* system crash imminent */ signal_names[SIGDANGER] = "SIGDANGER"; #endif #if defined (SIGMIGRATE) /* migrate process to another CPU */ signal_names[SIGMIGRATE] = "SIGMIGRATE"; #endif #if defined (SIGPRE) /* programming error */ signal_names[SIGPRE] = "SIGPRE"; #endif #if defined (SIGSOUND) /* HFT sound sequence has completed */ signal_names[SIGSOUND] = "SIGSOUND"; #endif #if defined (SIGWINDOW) signal_names[SIGWINDOW] = "SIGWINDOW"; #endif #if defined (SIGDIL) signal_names[SIGDIL] = "SIGDIL"; #endif #if defined (SIGSAK) /* Secure Attention Key */ signal_names[SIGSAK] = "SIGSAK"; #endif for (i = 0; i < NSIG; i++) if (signal_names[i] == (char *)NULL) { signal_names[i] = (char *)malloc (18); sprintf (signal_names[i], "SIGJUNK(%d)", i); } } write_signames (stream) FILE *stream; { register int i; fprintf (stream, "/* This file was automatically created by %s.\n", progname); fprintf (stream, " Do not edit. Edit signames.c instead. */\n\n"); fprintf (stream, "/* A translation list so we can be polite to our users. */\n"); fprintf (stream, "char *signal_names[NSIG + 2] = {\n"); for (i = 0; i < NSIG; i++) fprintf (stream, " \"%s\",\n", signal_names[i]); fprintf (stream, " (char *)0x0,\n"); fprintf (stream, "};\n"); } main (argc, argv) int argc; char **argv; { char *stream_name; FILE *stream; progname = argv[0]; if (argc == 1) { stream_name = "stdout"; stream = stdout; } else if (argc == 2) { stream_name = argv[1]; stream = fopen (stream_name, "w"); } else { fprintf (stderr, "Usage: %s [output-file]\n", progname); exit (1); } if (!stream) { fprintf (stderr, "%s: %s Cannot be opened or written to.\n", progname, stream_name); exit (2); } initialize_signames (); write_signames (stream); exit (0); } bash-1.14.3/stdc.h 664 436 0 3421 5551011212 11751 0ustar chetwheel/* stdc.h -- macros to make source compile on both ANSI C and K&R C compilers. */ /* Copyright (C) 1993 Free Software Foundation, Inc. This file is part of GNU Bash, the Bourne Again SHell. Bash is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 1, or (at your option) any later version. Bash is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details. You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with Bash; see the file COPYING. If not, write to the Free Software Foundation, 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. */ #if !defined (__STDC_H__) #define __STDC_H__ /* Adapted from BSD /usr/include/sys/cdefs.h. */ /* A function can be defined using prototypes and compile on both ANSI C and traditional C compilers with something like this: extern char *func __P((char *, char *, int)); */ #if defined (__STDC__) # if !defined (__P) # define __P(protos) protos # endif # define __STRING(x) #x # if !defined (__GNUC__) # define inline # endif #else /* !__STDC__ */ # if !defined (__P) # define __P(protos) () # endif # define __STRING(x) "x" #if !defined (const) # if defined (__GNUC__) /* gcc with -traditional */ # define const __const # define inline __inline # define signed __signed # define volatile __volatile # else /* !__GNUC__ */ # define const # define inline # define signed # define volatile # endif /* !__GNUC__ */ #endif /* !const */ #endif /* !__STDC__ */ #endif /* !__STDC_H__ */ bash-1.14.3/subst.c 664 436 0 342760 5700574456 12247 0ustar chetwheel/* subst.c -- The part of the shell that does parameter, command, and globbing substitutions. */ /* Copyright (C) 1987,1989 Free Software Foundation, Inc. This file is part of GNU Bash, the Bourne Again SHell. Bash is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option) any later version. Bash is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details. You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with Bash; see the file COPYING. If not, write to the Free Software Foundation, 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. */ #include "bashtypes.h" #include #include #include #include /* Not all systems declare ERRNO in errno.h... and some systems #define it! */ #if !defined (errno) extern int errno; #endif /* !errno */ #include "bashansi.h" #include "posixstat.h" #include "shell.h" #include "flags.h" #include "jobs.h" #include "execute_cmd.h" #include "filecntl.h" #if defined (READLINE) # include #else # include #endif #if defined (HISTORY) # include "bashhist.h" # include #endif #include /* The size that strings change by. */ #define DEFAULT_ARRAY_SIZE 512 /* How to quote and determine the quoted state of the character C. */ static char *make_quoted_char (); #define QUOTED_CHAR(c) ((c) == CTLESC) /* Process ID of the last command executed within command substitution. */ pid_t last_command_subst_pid = NO_PID; /* Extern functions and variables from different files. */ extern int last_command_exit_value, interactive, interactive_shell; extern int subshell_environment; extern int dollar_dollar_pid, no_brace_expansion; extern int posixly_correct; extern int opterr, optind; extern int eof_encountered, eof_encountered_limit, ignoreeof; extern char *this_command_name; extern jmp_buf top_level; #if defined (READLINE) extern int no_line_editing; extern int hostname_list_initialized; #endif #if !defined (USE_POSIX_GLOB_LIBRARY) extern int glob_dot_filenames, noglob_dot_filenames; extern char *glob_error_return; #endif static WORD_LIST expand_word_error, expand_word_fatal; static char expand_param_error, expand_param_fatal; static WORD_LIST *expand_string_internal (); static WORD_LIST *expand_word_internal (), *expand_words_internal (); static WORD_LIST *expand_string_leave_quoted (); static WORD_LIST *word_list_split (); static char *quote_string (); static int unquoted_substring (), unquoted_member (); static int unquoted_glob_pattern_p (); static void quote_list (), dequote_list (); static int do_assignment_internal (); static char *string_extract_verbatim (), *string_extract (); static char *string_extract_double_quoted (), *string_extract_single_quoted (); static char *extract_delimited_string (); static char *extract_dollar_brace_string (); /* **************************************************************** */ /* */ /* Utility Functions */ /* */ /* **************************************************************** */ /* Cons a new string from STRING starting at START and ending at END, not including END. */ char * substring (string, start, end) char *string; int start, end; { register int len = end - start; register char *result = xmalloc (len + 1); strncpy (result, string + start, len); result[len] = '\0'; return (result); } /* Conventions: A string with s[0] == CTLNUL && s[1] == 0 is a quoted null string. The parser passes CTLNUL as CTLESC CTLNUL. */ /* The parser passes us CTLESC as CTLESC CTLESC and CTLNUL as CTLESC CTLNUL. This is necessary to make unquoted CTLESC and CTLNUL characters in the data stream pass through properly. Here we remove doubled CTLESC characters inside quoted strings before quoting the entire string, so we do not double the number of CTLESC characters. */ static char * remove_quoted_escapes (string) char *string; { register char *s; for (s = string; s && *s; s++) { if (*s == CTLESC && (s[1] == CTLESC || s[1] == CTLNUL)) strcpy (s, s + 1); /* XXX - should be memmove */ } return (string); } /* Quote escape characters in string s, but no other characters. This is used to protect CTLESC and CTLNUL in variable values from the rest of the word expansion process after the variable is expanded. */ static char * quote_escapes (string) char *string; { register char *s, *t; char *result; result = xmalloc ((strlen (string) * 2) + 1); for (s = string, t = result; s && *s; ) { if (*s == CTLESC || *s == CTLNUL) *t++ = CTLESC; *t++ = *s++; } *t = '\0'; return (result); } /* Just like string_extract, but doesn't hack backslashes or any of that other stuff. Obeys quoting. Used to do splitting on $IFS. */ static char * string_extract_verbatim (string, sindex, charlist) char *string, *charlist; int *sindex; { register int i = *sindex; int c; char *temp; if (charlist[0] == '\'' && !charlist[1]) return (string_extract_single_quoted (string, sindex)); for (i = *sindex; (c = string[i]); i++) { if (c == CTLESC) { i++; continue; } if (MEMBER (c, charlist)) break; } temp = xmalloc (1 + (i - *sindex)); strncpy (temp, string + (*sindex), i - (*sindex)); temp[i - (*sindex)] = '\0'; *sindex = i; return (temp); } /* Extract a substring from STRING, starting at SINDEX and ending with one of the characters in CHARLIST. Don't make the ending character part of the string. Leave SINDEX pointing at the ending character. Understand about backslashes in the string. */ static char * string_extract (string, sindex, charlist) char *string, *charlist; int *sindex; { register int c, i = *sindex; char *temp; while (c = string[i]) { if (c == '\\') if (string[i + 1]) i++; else break; else if (MEMBER (c, charlist)) break; i++; } temp = xmalloc (1 + (i - *sindex)); strncpy (temp, string + (*sindex), i - (*sindex)); temp[i - (*sindex)] = '\0'; *sindex = i; return (temp); } /* Remove backslashes which are quoting backquotes from STRING. Modifies STRING, and returns a pointer to it. */ char * de_backslash (string) char *string; { register int i, l = strlen (string); for (i = 0; i < l; i++) if (string[i] == '\\' && (string[i + 1] == '`' || string[i + 1] == '\\' || string[i + 1] == '$')) strcpy (string + i, string + i + 1); /* XXX - should be memmove */ return (string); } #if 0 /* Replace instances of \! in a string with !. */ void unquote_bang (string) char *string; { register int i, j; register char *temp; temp = xmalloc (1 + strlen (string)); for (i = 0, j = 0; (temp[j] = string[i]); i++, j++) { if (string[i] == '\\' && string[i + 1] == '!') { temp[j] = '!'; i++; } } strcpy (string, temp); free (temp); } #endif /* Extract the $( construct in STRING, and return a new string. Start extracting at (SINDEX) as if we had just seen "$(". Make (SINDEX) get the position just after the matching ")". */ char * extract_command_subst (string, sindex) char *string; int *sindex; { return (extract_delimited_string (string, sindex, "$(", "(", ")")); } /* Extract the $[ construct in STRING, and return a new string. Start extracting at (SINDEX) as if we had just seen "$[". Make (SINDEX) get the position just after the matching "]". */ char * extract_arithmetic_subst (string, sindex) char *string; int *sindex; { return (extract_delimited_string (string, sindex, "$[", "[", "]")); } #if defined (PROCESS_SUBSTITUTION) /* Extract the <( or >( construct in STRING, and return a new string. Start extracting at (SINDEX) as if we had just seen "<(". Make (SINDEX) get the position just after the matching ")". */ char * extract_process_subst (string, starter, sindex) char *string; char *starter; int *sindex; { return (extract_delimited_string (string, sindex, starter, "(", ")")); } #endif /* PROCESS_SUBSTITUTION */ /* Extract and create a new string from the contents of STRING, a character string delimited with OPENER and CLOSER. SINDEX is the address of an int describing the current offset in STRING; it should point to just after the first OPENER found. On exit, SINDEX gets the position just after the matching CLOSER. If OPENER is more than a single character, ALT_OPENER, if non-null, contains a character string that can also match CLOSER and thus needs to be skipped. */ static char * extract_delimited_string (string, sindex, opener, alt_opener, closer) char *string; int *sindex; char *opener, *alt_opener, *closer; { register int i, c, l; int pass_character, nesting_level; int delimiter, delimited_nesting_level; int len_closer, len_opener, len_alt_opener; char *result; len_opener = STRLEN (opener); len_alt_opener = STRLEN (alt_opener); len_closer = STRLEN (closer); pass_character = delimiter = delimited_nesting_level = 0; nesting_level = 1; for (i = *sindex; c = string[i]; i++) { if (pass_character) { pass_character = 0; continue; } if (c == CTLESC) { pass_character++; continue; } if (c == '\\') { if ((delimiter == '"') && (member (string[i + 1], slashify_in_quotes))) { pass_character++; continue; } } if (!delimiter || delimiter == '"') { if (STREQN (string + i, opener, len_opener)) { if (!delimiter) nesting_level++; else delimited_nesting_level++; i += len_opener - 1; continue; } if (len_alt_opener && STREQN (string + i, alt_opener, len_alt_opener)) { if (!delimiter) nesting_level++; else delimited_nesting_level++; i += len_alt_opener - 1; continue; } if (STREQN (string + i, closer, len_closer)) { i += len_closer - 1; if (delimiter && delimited_nesting_level) delimited_nesting_level--; if (!delimiter) { nesting_level--; if (nesting_level == 0) break; } } } if (delimiter) { if (c == delimiter || delimiter == '\\') delimiter = 0; continue; } else { if (c == '"' || c == '\'' || c == '\\') delimiter = c; } } l = i - *sindex; result = xmalloc (1 + l); strncpy (result, string + *sindex, l); result[l] = '\0'; *sindex = i; if (!c && (delimiter || nesting_level)) { report_error ("bad substitution: no `%s' in %s", closer, string); free (result); longjmp (top_level, DISCARD); } return (result); } /* Extract a parameter expansion expression within ${ and } from STRING. Obey the Posix.2 rules for finding the ending `}': count braces while skipping over enclosed quoted strings and command substitutions. SINDEX is the address of an int describing the current offset in STRING; it should point to just after the first `{' found. On exit, SINDEX gets the position just after the matching `}'. */ /* XXX -- this is very similar to extract_delimited_string -- XXX */ static char * extract_dollar_brace_string (string, sindex) char *string; int *sindex; { register int i, c, l; int pass_character, nesting_level; int delimiter, delimited_nesting_level; char *result; pass_character = delimiter = delimited_nesting_level = 0; nesting_level = 1; for (i = *sindex; c = string[i]; i++) { if (pass_character) { pass_character = 0; continue; } if (c == CTLESC) { pass_character++; continue; } /* Backslashes quote the next character. */ if (c == '\\') { if ((delimiter == '"') && (member (string[i + 1], slashify_in_quotes))) { pass_character++; continue; } } if (!delimiter || delimiter == '"') { if (string[i] == '$' && string[i+1] == '{') { if (!delimiter) nesting_level++; else delimited_nesting_level++; i++; continue; } /* Pass the contents of old-style command substitutions through verbatim. */ if (string[i] == '`') { int si; char *t; si = i + 1; t = string_extract (string, &si, "`"); i = si; free (t); continue; } /* Pass the contents of new-style command substitutions through verbatim. */ if (string[i] == '$' && string[i+1] == '(') { int si; char *t; si = i + 2; t = extract_delimited_string (string, &si, "$(", "(", ")"); i = si; free (t); continue; } if (string[i] == '{') { if (!delimiter) nesting_level++; else delimited_nesting_level++; continue; } if (string[i] == '}') { if (delimiter && delimited_nesting_level) delimited_nesting_level--; if (!delimiter) { nesting_level--; if (nesting_level == 0) break; } } } if (delimiter) { if (c == delimiter || delimiter == '\\') delimiter = 0; continue; } else { if (c == '"' || c == '\'' || c == '\\') delimiter = c; } } l = i - *sindex; result = xmalloc (1 + l); strncpy (result, string + *sindex, l); result[l] = '\0'; *sindex = i; if (!c && (delimiter || nesting_level)) { report_error ("bad substitution: no ending `}' in %s", string); free (result); longjmp (top_level, DISCARD); } return (result); } /* Extract the contents of STRING as if it is enclosed in double quotes. SINDEX, when passed in, is the offset of the character immediately following the opening double quote; on exit, SINDEX is left pointing after the closing double quote. */ static char * string_extract_double_quoted (string, sindex) char *string; int *sindex; { register int c, j, i; char *temp; /* The new string we return. */ int pass_next, backquote; /* State variables for the machine. */ pass_next = backquote = 0; temp = xmalloc (1 + strlen (string) - *sindex); for (j = 0, i = *sindex; c = string[i]; i++) { /* Process a character that was quoted by a backslash. */ if (pass_next) { /* Posix.2 sez: ``The backslash shall retain its special meaning as an escape character only when followed by one of the characters: $ ` " \ ''. We handle the double quotes here. expand_word_internal handles the rest. */ if (c != '"') temp[j++] = '\\'; temp[j++] = c; pass_next = 0; continue; } /* A backslash protects the next character. The code just above handles preserving the backslash in front of any character but a double quote. */ if (c == '\\') { pass_next++; continue; } /* Inside backquotes, ``the portion of the quoted string from the initial backquote and the characters up to the next backquote that is not preceded by a backslash, having escape characters removed, defines that command''. */ if (backquote) { if (c == '`') backquote = 0; temp[j++] = c; continue; } if (c == '`') { temp[j++] = c; backquote++; continue; } /* Pass everything between `$(' and the matching `)' or a quoted ${ ... } pair through according to the Posix.2 specification. */ if (c == '$' && ((string[i + 1] == '(') || (string[i + 1] == '{'))) { register int t; int si; char *ret; si = i + 2; if (string[i + 1] == '(') ret = extract_delimited_string (string, &si, "$(", "(", ")"); else ret = extract_dollar_brace_string (string, &si); temp[j++] = '$'; temp[j++] = string[i + 1]; for (t = 0; ret[t]; t++) temp[j++] = ret[t]; i = si; temp[j++] = string[i]; free (ret); continue; } /* An unescaped double quote serves to terminate the string. */ if (c == '"') break; /* Add the character to the quoted string we're accumulating. */ temp[j++] = c; } temp[j] = '\0'; /* Point to after the closing quote. */ if (c) i++; *sindex = i; return (temp); } /* Extract the contents of STRING as if it is enclosed in single quotes. SINDEX, when passed in, is the offset of the character immediately following the opening single quote; on exit, SINDEX is left pointing after the closing single quote. */ static char * string_extract_single_quoted (string, sindex) char *string; int *sindex; { register int i = *sindex; char *temp; while (string[i] && string[i] != '\'') i++; temp = xmalloc (1 + i - *sindex); strncpy (temp, string + *sindex, i - *sindex); temp[i - *sindex] = '\0'; if (string[i]) i++; *sindex = i; return (temp); } /* Return 1 if the portion of STRING ending at EINDEX is quoted (there is an unclosed quoted string), or if the character at EINDEX is quoted by a backslash. */ int char_is_quoted (string, eindex) char *string; int eindex; { int i, pass_next, quoted; char *temp; for (i = pass_next = quoted = 0; i <= eindex; i++) { if (pass_next) { pass_next = 0; if (i >= eindex) /* XXX was if (i >= eindex - 1) */ return 1; continue; } else if (string[i] == '\'') { i++; temp = string_extract_single_quoted (string, &i); free (temp); if (i > eindex) return 1; } else if (string[i] == '"') { i++; temp = string_extract_double_quoted (string, &i); free (temp); if (i > eindex) return 1; } else if (string[i] == '\\') { pass_next = 1; continue; } } return (0); } #if defined (READLINE) int unclosed_pair (string, eindex, openstr) char *string; int eindex; char *openstr; { int i, pass_next, openc, c, olen; char *temp, *s; olen = strlen (openstr); for (i = pass_next = openc = 0; i <= eindex; i++) { if (pass_next) { pass_next = 0; if (i >= eindex) /* XXX was if (i >= eindex - 1) */ return 0; continue; } else if (STREQN (string + i, openstr, olen)) { openc = 1 - openc; i += olen - 1; } else if (string[i] == '\'') { i++; temp = string_extract_single_quoted (string, &i); free (temp); if (i > eindex) return 0; } else if (string[i] == '"') { i++; temp = string_extract_double_quoted (string, &i); free (temp); if (i > eindex) return 0; } else if (string[i] == '\\') { pass_next = 1; continue; } } return (openc); } #endif /* READLINE */ /* Extract the name of the variable to bind to from the assignment string. */ char * assignment_name (string) char *string; { int offset = assignment (string); char *temp; if (!offset) return (char *)NULL; temp = xmalloc (offset + 1); strncpy (temp, string, offset); temp[offset] = '\0'; return (temp); } /* Return a single string of all the words in LIST. SEP is the separator to put between individual elements of LIST in the output string. */ static char * string_list_internal (list, sep) WORD_LIST *list; char *sep; { register WORD_LIST *t; char *result, *r; int word_len, sep_len, result_size; if (!list) return ((char *)NULL); /* This is nearly always called with either sep[0] == 0 or sep[1] == 0. */ sep_len = STRLEN (sep); result_size = 0; for (t = list; t; t = t->next) { if (t != list) result_size += sep_len; result_size += strlen (t->word->word); } r = result = xmalloc (result_size + 1); for (t = list; t; t = t->next) { if (t != list && sep_len) { FASTCOPY (sep, r, sep_len); r += sep_len; } word_len = strlen (t->word->word); FASTCOPY (t->word->word, r, word_len); r += word_len; } *r = '\0'; return (result); } /* Return a single string of all the words present in LIST, separating each word with a space. */ char * string_list (list) WORD_LIST *list; { return (string_list_internal (list, " ")); } /* Return a single string of all the words present in LIST, obeying the quoting rules for "$*", to wit: (P1003.2, draft 11, 3.5.2) "If the expansion [of $*] appears within a double quoted string, it expands to a single field with the value of each parameter separated by the first character of the IFS variable, or by a if IFS is unset." */ char * string_list_dollar_star (list) WORD_LIST *list; { char *ifs = get_string_value ("IFS"); char sep[2]; if (!ifs) sep[0] = ' '; else if (!*ifs) sep[0] = '\0'; else sep[0] = *ifs; sep[1] = '\0'; return (string_list_internal (list, sep)); } /* Return the list of words present in STRING. Separate the string into words at any of the characters found in SEPARATORS. If QUOTED is non-zero then word in the list will have its quoted flag set, otherwise the quoted flag is left as make_word () deemed fit. This obeys the P1003.2 word splitting semantics. If `separators' is exactly , then the splitting algorithm is that of the Bourne shell, which treats any sequence of characters from `separators' as a delimiter. If IFS is unset, which results in `separators' being set to "", no splitting occurs. If separators has some other value, the following rules are applied (`IFS white space' means zero or more occurrences of , , or , as long as those characters are in `separators'): 1) IFS white space is ignored at the start and the end of the string. 2) Each occurrence of a character in `separators' that is not IFS white space, along with any adjacent occurrences of IFS white space delimits a field. 3) Any nonzero-length sequence of IFS white space delimits a field. */ /* BEWARE! list_string strips null arguments. Don't call it twice and expect to have "" preserved! */ /* Is the first character of STRING a quoted NULL character? */ #define QUOTED_NULL(string) ((string)[0] == CTLNUL && (string)[1] == '\0') /* Perform quoted null character removal on STRING. We don't allow any quoted null characters in the middle or at the ends of strings because of how expand_word_internal works. remove_quoted_nulls () simply turns STRING into an empty string iff it only consists of a quoted null. */ #define remove_quoted_nulls(string) \ do { if (QUOTED_NULL (string)) string[0] ='\0'; } while (0) /* Perform quoted null character removal on each element of LIST. This modifies LIST. */ void word_list_remove_quoted_nulls (list) WORD_LIST *list; { register WORD_LIST *t; t = list; while (t) { remove_quoted_nulls (t->word->word); t = t->next; } } /* This performs word splitting and quoted null character removal on STRING. */ #define issep(c) (member ((c), separators)) WORD_LIST * list_string (string, separators, quoted) register char *string, *separators; int quoted; { WORD_LIST *result = (WORD_LIST *)NULL; char *current_word = (char *)NULL, *s; int sindex = 0; int sh_style_split; if (!string || !*string) return ((WORD_LIST *)NULL); sh_style_split = separators && *separators && (STREQ (separators, " \t\n")); /* Remove sequences of whitespace at the beginning of STRING, as long as those characters appear in IFS. Do not do this if STRING is quoted or if there are no separator characters. */ if (!quoted || !separators || !*separators) { for (s = string; *s && spctabnl (*s) && issep (*s); s++); if (!*s) return ((WORD_LIST *)NULL); string = s; } /* OK, now STRING points to a word that does not begin with white space. The splitting algorithm is: extract a word, stopping at a separator skip sequences of spc, tab, or nl as long as they are separators This obeys the field splitting rules in Posix.2. */ while (string[sindex]) { current_word = string_extract_verbatim (string, &sindex, separators); if (!current_word) break; /* If we have a quoted empty string, add a quoted null argument. We want to preserve the quoted null character iff this is a quoted empty string; otherwise the quoted null characters are removed below. */ if (QUOTED_NULL (current_word)) { WORD_DESC *t = make_word (" "); t->quoted++; free (t->word); t->word = make_quoted_char ('\0'); result = make_word_list (t, result); } else if (strlen (current_word)) { /* If we have something, then add it regardless. However, perform quoted null character removal on the current word. */ remove_quoted_nulls (current_word); result = make_word_list (make_word (current_word), result); if (quoted) result->word->quoted = 1; } /* If we're not doing sequences of separators in the traditional Bourne shell style, then add a quoted null argument. */ else if (!sh_style_split && !spctabnl (string[sindex])) { result = make_word_list (make_word (""), result); result->word->quoted = 1; } free (current_word); /* Move past the current separator character. */ if (string[sindex]) sindex++; /* Now skip sequences of space, tab, or newline characters if they are in the list of separators. */ while (string[sindex] && spctabnl (string[sindex]) && issep (string[sindex])) sindex++; } return (REVERSE_LIST (result, WORD_LIST *)); } /* Parse a single word from STRING, using SEPARATORS to separate fields. ENDPTR is set to the first character after the word. This is used by the `read' builtin. XXX - this function is very similar to list_string; they should be combined - XXX */ char * get_word_from_string (stringp, separators, endptr) char **stringp, *separators, **endptr; { register char *s; char *current_word; int sindex, sh_style_split; if (!stringp || !*stringp || !**stringp) return ((char *)NULL); s = *stringp; sh_style_split = separators && *separators && (STREQ (separators, " \t\n")); /* Remove sequences of whitespace at the beginning of STRING, as long as those characters appear in IFS. */ if (sh_style_split || !separators || !*separators) { for (; *s && spctabnl (*s) && issep (*s); s++); /* If the string is nothing but whitespace, update it and return. */ if (!*s) { *stringp = s; if (endptr) *endptr = s; return ((char *)NULL); } } /* OK, S points to a word that does not begin with white space. Now extract a word, stopping at a separator, save a pointer to the first character after the word, then skip sequences of spc, tab, or nl as long as they are separators. This obeys the field splitting rules in Posix.2. */ sindex = 0; current_word = string_extract_verbatim (s, &sindex, separators); /* Set ENDPTR to the first character after the end of the word. */ if (endptr) *endptr = s + sindex; /* Move past the current separator character. */ if (s[sindex]) sindex++; /* Now skip sequences of space, tab, or newline characters if they are in the list of separators. */ while (s[sindex] && spctabnl (s[sindex]) && issep (s[sindex])) sindex++; /* Update STRING to point to the next field. */ *stringp = s + sindex; return (current_word); } #if defined (PROCESS_SUBSTITUTION) #define EXP_CHAR(s) (s == '$' || s == '`' || s == '<' || s == '>' || s == CTLESC) #else #define EXP_CHAR(s) (s == '$' || s == '`' || s == CTLESC) #endif /* If there are any characters in STRING that require full expansion, then call FUNC to expand STRING; otherwise just perform quote removal if necessary. This returns a new string. */ static char * maybe_expand_string (string, quoted, func) char *string; int quoted; WORD_LIST *(*func)(); { WORD_LIST *list; int i, saw_quote; char *ret; for (i = saw_quote = 0; string[i]; i++) { if (EXP_CHAR (string[i])) break; else if (string[i] == '\'' || string[i] == '\\' || string[i] == '"') saw_quote = 1; } if (string[i]) { list = (*func) (string, quoted); if (list) { ret = string_list (list); dispose_words (list); } else ret = (char *)NULL; } else if (saw_quote && !quoted) ret = string_quote_removal (string, quoted); else ret = savestring (string); return ret; } /* Given STRING, an assignment string, get the value of the right side of the `=', and bind it to the left side. If EXPAND is true, then perform parameter expansion, command substitution, and arithmetic expansion on the right-hand side. Perform tilde expansion in any case. Do not perform word splitting on the result of expansion. */ static int do_assignment_internal (string, expand) char *string; int expand; { int offset = assignment (string); char *name = savestring (string); char *value = (char *)NULL; SHELL_VAR *entry = (SHELL_VAR *)NULL; if (name[offset] == '=') { char *temp; name[offset] = 0; temp = name + offset + 1; if (expand && temp[0]) { if (strchr (temp, '~') && unquoted_member ('~', temp)) temp = tilde_expand (temp); else temp = savestring (temp); value = maybe_expand_string (temp, 0, expand_string_unsplit); free (temp); } else value = savestring (temp); } if (value == 0) value = savestring (""); entry = bind_variable (name, value); if (echo_command_at_execute) fprintf (stderr, "%s%s=%s\n", indirection_level_string (), name, value); stupidly_hack_special_variables (name); if (entry) entry->attributes &= ~att_invisible; FREE (value); free (name); /* Return 1 if the assignment seems to have been performed correctly. */ return (entry ? ((entry->attributes & att_readonly) == 0) : 0); } /* Perform the assignment statement in STRING, and expand the right side by doing command and parameter expansion. */ do_assignment (string) char *string; { return do_assignment_internal (string, 1); } /* Given STRING, an assignment string, get the value of the right side of the `=', and bind it to the left side. Do not do command and parameter substitution on the right hand side. */ do_assignment_no_expand (string) char *string; { return do_assignment_internal (string, 0); } /* Most of the substitutions must be done in parallel. In order to avoid using tons of unclear goto's, I have some functions for manipulating malloc'ed strings. They all take INDX, a pointer to an integer which is the offset into the string where manipulation is taking place. They also take SIZE, a pointer to an integer which is the current length of the character array for this string. */ /* Append SOURCE to TARGET at INDEX. SIZE is the current amount of space allocated to TARGET. SOURCE can be NULL, in which case nothing happens. Gets rid of SOURCE by free ()ing it. Returns TARGET in case the location has changed. */ inline char * sub_append_string (source, target, indx, size) char *source, *target; int *indx, *size; { if (source) { int srclen, n; srclen = strlen (source); if (srclen >= (int)(*size - *indx)) { n = srclen + *indx; n = (n + DEFAULT_ARRAY_SIZE) - (n % DEFAULT_ARRAY_SIZE); target = xrealloc (target, (*size = n)); } FASTCOPY (source, target + *indx, srclen); *indx += srclen; target[*indx] = '\0'; free (source); } return (target); } /* Append the textual representation of NUMBER to TARGET. INDX and SIZE are as in SUB_APPEND_STRING. */ char * sub_append_number (number, target, indx, size) int number, *indx, *size; char *target; { char *temp; temp = itos (number); return (sub_append_string (temp, target, indx, size)); } /* Return the word list that corresponds to `$*'. */ WORD_LIST * list_rest_of_args () { register WORD_LIST *list = (WORD_LIST *)NULL; register WORD_LIST *args = rest_of_args; int i; /* Break out of the loop as soon as one of the dollar variables is null. */ for (i = 1; i < 10 && dollar_vars[i]; i++) list = make_word_list (make_word (dollar_vars[i]), list); while (args) { list = make_word_list (make_word (args->word->word), list); args = args->next; } return (REVERSE_LIST (list, WORD_LIST *)); } /* Make a single large string out of the dollar digit variables, and the rest_of_args. If DOLLAR_STAR is 1, then obey the special case of "$*" with respect to IFS. */ char * string_rest_of_args (dollar_star) int dollar_star; { register WORD_LIST *list = list_rest_of_args (); char *string; string = dollar_star ? string_list_dollar_star (list) : string_list (list); dispose_words (list); return (string); } /*************************************************** * * * Functions to Expand a String * * * ***************************************************/ /* Call expand_word_internal to expand W and handle error returns. A convenience function for functions that don't want to handle any errors or free any memory before aborting. */ static WORD_LIST * call_expand_word_internal (w, q, c, e) WORD_DESC *w; int q, *c, *e; { WORD_LIST *result; result = expand_word_internal (w, q, c, e); if (result == &expand_word_error) longjmp (top_level, DISCARD); else if (result == &expand_word_fatal) longjmp (top_level, FORCE_EOF); else return (result); } /* Perform parameter expansion, command substitution, and arithmetic expansion on STRING, as if it were a word. Leave the result quoted. */ static WORD_LIST * expand_string_internal (string, quoted) char *string; int quoted; { WORD_DESC td; WORD_LIST *tresult; if (!string || !*string) return ((WORD_LIST *)NULL); bzero (&td, sizeof (td)); td.word = string; tresult = call_expand_word_internal (&td, quoted, (int *)NULL, (int *)NULL); return (tresult); } /* Expand STRING by performing parameter expansion, command substitution, and arithmetic expansion. Dequote the resulting WORD_LIST before returning it, but do not perform word splitting. The call to remove_quoted_nulls () is in here because word splitting normally takes care of quote removal. */ WORD_LIST * expand_string_unsplit (string, quoted) char *string; int quoted; { WORD_LIST *value; if (!string || !*string) return ((WORD_LIST *)NULL); value = expand_string_internal (string, quoted); if (value) { if (value->word) remove_quoted_nulls (value->word->word); dequote_list (value); } return (value); } /* Expand STRING just as if you were expanding a word, but do not dequote the resultant WORD_LIST. This is called only from within this file, and is used to correctly preserve quoted characters when expanding things like ${1+"$@"}. This does parameter expansion, command subsitution, arithmetic expansion, and word splitting. */ static WORD_LIST * expand_string_leave_quoted (string, quoted) char *string; int quoted; { WORD_LIST *tlist; WORD_LIST *tresult; if (!string || !*string) return ((WORD_LIST *)NULL); tlist = expand_string_internal (string, quoted); if (tlist) { tresult = word_list_split (tlist); dispose_words (tlist); return (tresult); } return ((WORD_LIST *)NULL); } /* Expand STRING just as if you were expanding a word. This also returns a list of words. Note that filename globbing is *NOT* done for word or string expansion, just when the shell is expanding a command. This does parameter expansion, command substitution, arithmetic expansion, and word splitting. Dequote the resultant WORD_LIST before returning. */ WORD_LIST * expand_string (string, quoted) char *string; int quoted; { WORD_LIST *result; if (!string || !*string) return ((WORD_LIST *)NULL); result = expand_string_leave_quoted (string, quoted); if (result) dequote_list (result); return (result); } /*************************************************** * * * Functions to handle quoting chars * * * ***************************************************/ /* I'm going to have to rewrite expansion because filename globbing is beginning to make the entire arrangement ugly. I'll do this soon. */ static void dequote_list (list) register WORD_LIST *list; { register char *s; while (list) { s = dequote_string (list->word->word); free (list->word->word); list->word->word = s; list = list->next; } } static char * make_quoted_char (c) int c; { char *temp; temp = xmalloc (3); temp[0] = CTLESC; temp[1] = c; temp[2] = '\0'; return (temp); } /* Quote STRING. Return a new string. */ static char * quote_string (string) char *string; { char *result; if (!*string) { result = xmalloc (2); result[0] = CTLNUL; result[1] = '\0'; } else { register char *t; result = xmalloc ((strlen (string) * 2) + 1); for (t = result; string && *string; ) { *t++ = CTLESC; *t++ = *string++; } *t = '\0'; } return (result); } /* De-quoted quoted characters in STRING. */ char * dequote_string (string) char *string; { register char *t; char *result; result = xmalloc (strlen (string) + 1); if (QUOTED_NULL (string)) { result[0] = '\0'; return (result); } /* If no character in the string can be quoted, don't bother examining each character. Just return a copy of the string passed to us. */ if (strchr (string, CTLESC) == NULL) /* XXX */ { /* XXX */ strcpy (result, string); /* XXX */ return (result); /* XXX */ } for (t = result; string && *string; string++) { if (*string == CTLESC) { string++; if (!*string) break; } *t++ = *string; } *t = '\0'; return (result); } /* Quote the entire WORD_LIST list. */ static void quote_list (list) WORD_LIST *list; { register WORD_LIST *w; for (w = list; w; w = w->next) { char *t = w->word->word; w->word->word = quote_string (t); free (t); w->word->quoted = 1; } } /* **************************************************************** */ /* */ /* Functions for Removing Patterns */ /* */ /* **************************************************************** */ /* Remove the portion of PARAM matched by PATTERN according to OP, where OP can have one of 4 values: RP_LONG_LEFT remove longest matching portion at start of PARAM RP_SHORT_LEFT remove shortest matching portion at start of PARAM RP_LONG_RIGHT remove longest matching portion at end of PARAM RP_SHORT_RIGHT remove shortest matching portion at end of PARAM */ #define RP_LONG_LEFT 1 #define RP_SHORT_LEFT 2 #define RP_LONG_RIGHT 3 #define RP_SHORT_RIGHT 4 static char * remove_pattern (param, pattern, op) char *param, *pattern; int op; { register int len = param ? strlen (param) : 0; register char *end = param + len; register char *p, *ret, c; if (pattern == NULL || *pattern == '\0') /* minor optimization */ return (savestring (param)); if (param == NULL || *param == '\0') return (param); switch (op) { case RP_LONG_LEFT: /* remove longest match at start */ for (p = end; p >= param; p--) { c = *p; *p = '\0'; if (fnmatch (pattern, param, 0) != FNM_NOMATCH) { *p = c; return (savestring (p)); } *p = c; } break; case RP_SHORT_LEFT: /* remove shortest match at start */ for (p = param; p <= end; p++) { c = *p; *p = '\0'; if (fnmatch (pattern, param, 0) != FNM_NOMATCH) { *p = c; return (savestring (p)); } *p = c; } break; case RP_LONG_RIGHT: /* remove longest match at end */ for (p = param; p <= end; p++) { if (fnmatch (pattern, p, 0) != FNM_NOMATCH) { c = *p; *p = '\0'; ret = savestring (param); *p = c; return (ret); } } break; case RP_SHORT_RIGHT: /* remove shortest match at end */ for (p = end; p >= param; p--) { if (fnmatch (pattern, p, 0) != FNM_NOMATCH) { c = *p; *p = '\0'; ret = savestring (param); *p = c; return (ret); } } break; } return (savestring (param)); /* no match, return original string */ } /******************************************* * * * Functions to expand WORD_DESCs * * * *******************************************/ /* Expand WORD, performing word splitting on the result. This does parameter expansion, command substitution, arithmetic expansion, word splitting, and quote removal. */ WORD_LIST * expand_word (word, quoted) WORD_DESC *word; int quoted; { WORD_LIST *result, *tresult; tresult = call_expand_word_internal (word, quoted, (int *)NULL, (int *)NULL); result = word_list_split (tresult); dispose_words (tresult); if (result) dequote_list (result); return (result); } /* Expand WORD, but do not perform word splitting on the result. This does parameter expansion, command substitution, arithmetic expansion, and quote removal. */ WORD_LIST * expand_word_no_split (word, quoted) WORD_DESC *word; int quoted; { WORD_LIST *result; result = call_expand_word_internal (word, quoted, (int *)NULL, (int *)NULL); if (result) dequote_list (result); return (result); } /* Perform shell expansions on WORD, but do not perform word splitting or quote removal on the result. */ WORD_LIST * expand_word_leave_quoted (word, quoted) WORD_DESC *word; int quoted; { WORD_LIST *result; result = call_expand_word_internal (word, quoted, (int *)NULL, (int *)NULL); return (result); } /* Return the value of a positional parameter. This handles values > 10. */ char * get_dollar_var_value (ind) int ind; { char *temp; if (ind < 10) { if (dollar_vars[ind]) temp = savestring (dollar_vars[ind]); else temp = (char *)NULL; } else /* We want something like ${11} */ { WORD_LIST *p = rest_of_args; ind -= 10; while (p && ind--) p = p->next; if (p) temp = savestring (p->word->word); else temp = (char *)NULL; } return (temp); } #if defined (PROCESS_SUBSTITUTION) /* **************************************************************** */ /* */ /* Hacking Process Substitution */ /* */ /* **************************************************************** */ extern struct fd_bitmap *current_fds_to_close; extern char *mktemp (); #if !defined (HAVE_DEV_FD) /* Named pipes must be removed explicitly with `unlink'. This keeps a list of FIFOs the shell has open. unlink_fifo_list will walk the list and unlink all of them. add_fifo_list adds the name of an open FIFO to the list. NFIFO is a count of the number of FIFOs in the list. */ #define FIFO_INCR 20 static char **fifo_list = (char **)NULL; static int nfifo = 0; static int fifo_list_size = 0; static void add_fifo_list (pathname) char *pathname; { if (nfifo >= fifo_list_size - 1) { fifo_list_size += FIFO_INCR; fifo_list = (char **)xrealloc (fifo_list, fifo_list_size * sizeof (char *)); } fifo_list[nfifo++] = savestring (pathname); } void unlink_fifo_list () { if (!nfifo) return; while (nfifo--) { unlink (fifo_list[nfifo]); free (fifo_list[nfifo]); fifo_list[nfifo] = (char *)NULL; } nfifo = 0; } static char * make_named_pipe () { char *tname; tname = mktemp (savestring ("/tmp/sh-np-XXXXXX")); if (mkfifo (tname, 0666) < 0) { free (tname); return ((char *)NULL); } add_fifo_list (tname); return (tname); } #if !defined (_POSIX_VERSION) int mkfifo (path, mode) char *path; int mode; { #if defined (S_IFIFO) return (mknod (path, (mode | S_IFIFO), 0)); #else /* !S_IFIFO */ return (-1); #endif /* !S_IFIFO */ } #endif /* !_POSIX_VERSION */ #else /* HAVE_DEV_FD */ /* DEV_FD_LIST is a bitmap of file descriptors attached to pipes the shell has open to children. NFDS is a count of the number of bits currently set in DEV_FD_LIST. TOTFDS is a count of the highest possible number of open files. */ static char *dev_fd_list = (char *)NULL; static int nfds = 0; static int totfds; /* The highest possible number of open files. */ static void add_fifo_list (fd) int fd; { if (!dev_fd_list || fd >= totfds) { int zero; totfds = getdtablesize (); if (totfds < 0 || totfds > 256) totfds = 256; if (fd > totfds) totfds = fd + 2; zero = dev_fd_list == (char *) NULL; dev_fd_list = xrealloc (dev_fd_list, totfds); if (zero) bzero (dev_fd_list, totfds); /* XXX - should zero out new portion of list here - XXX */ } dev_fd_list[fd] = 1; nfds++; } void unlink_fifo_list () { register int i; if (!nfds) return; for (i = 0; nfds && i < totfds; i++) if (dev_fd_list[i]) { close (i); dev_fd_list[i] = 0; nfds--; } nfds = 0; } #if defined (NOTDEF) print_dev_fd_list () { register int i; fprintf (stderr, "pid %d: dev_fd_list:", getpid ()); fflush (stderr); for (i = 0; i < totfds; i++) { if (dev_fd_list[i]) fprintf (stderr, " %d", i); } fprintf (stderr, "\n"); } #endif /* NOTDEF */ static char * make_dev_fd_filename (fd) int fd; { char *ret; ret = xmalloc (16 * sizeof (char)); sprintf (ret, "/dev/fd/%d", fd); add_fifo_list (fd); return (ret); } #endif /* HAVE_DEV_FD */ /* Return a filename that will open a connection to the process defined by executing STRING. HAVE_DEV_FD, if defined, means open a pipe and return a filename in /dev/fd corresponding to a descriptor that is one of the ends of the pipe. If not defined, we use named pipes on systems that have them. Systems without /dev/fd and named pipes are out of luck. OPEN_FOR_READ_IN_CHILD, if 1, means open the named pipe for reading or use the read end of the pipe and dup that file descriptor to fd 0 in the child. If OPEN_FOR_READ_IN_CHILD is 0, we open the named pipe for writing or use the write end of the pipe in the child, and dup that file descriptor to fd 1 in the child. The parent does the opposite. */ static char * process_substitute (string, open_for_read_in_child) char *string; int open_for_read_in_child; { char *pathname; int fd, result; pid_t old_pid, pid; #if defined (HAVE_DEV_FD) int parent_pipe_fd, child_pipe_fd; int fildes[2]; #endif /* HAVE_DEV_FD */ #if defined (JOB_CONTROL) pid_t old_pipeline_pgrp; #endif if (!string || !*string) return ((char *)NULL); #if !defined (HAVE_DEV_FD) pathname = make_named_pipe (); #else /* HAVE_DEV_FD */ if (pipe (fildes) < 0) { internal_error ("can't make pipes for process substitution: %s", strerror (errno)); return ((char *)NULL); } /* If OPEN_FOR_READ_IN_CHILD == 1, we want to use the write end of the pipe in the parent, otherwise the read end. */ parent_pipe_fd = fildes[open_for_read_in_child]; child_pipe_fd = fildes[1 - open_for_read_in_child]; pathname = make_dev_fd_filename (parent_pipe_fd); #endif /* HAVE_DEV_FD */ if (!pathname) { internal_error ("cannot make pipe for process subsitution: %s", strerror (errno)); return ((char *)NULL); } old_pid = last_made_pid; #if defined (JOB_CONTROL) old_pipeline_pgrp = pipeline_pgrp; pipeline_pgrp = shell_pgrp; cleanup_the_pipeline (); pid = make_child ((char *)NULL, 1); if (pid == 0) { /* Cancel traps, in trap.c. */ restore_original_signals (); setup_async_signals (); subshell_environment++; } set_sigchld_handler (); stop_making_children (); pipeline_pgrp = old_pipeline_pgrp; #else /* !JOB_CONTROL */ pid = make_child ((char *)NULL, 1); if (pid == 0) { /* Cancel traps, in trap.c. */ restore_original_signals (); setup_async_signals (); subshell_environment++; } #endif /* !JOB_CONTROL */ if (pid < 0) { internal_error ("cannot make a child for process substitution: %s", strerror (errno)); free (pathname); #if defined (HAVE_DEV_FD) close (parent_pipe_fd); close (child_pipe_fd); #endif /* HAVE_DEV_FD */ return ((char *)NULL); } if (pid > 0) { last_made_pid = old_pid; #if defined (JOB_CONTROL) && defined (PGRP_PIPE) close_pgrp_pipe (); #endif /* JOB_CONTROL && PGRP_PIPE */ #if defined (HAVE_DEV_FD) close (child_pipe_fd); #endif /* HAVE_DEV_FD */ return (pathname); } set_sigint_handler (); #if defined (JOB_CONTROL) set_job_control (0); #endif /* JOB_CONTROL */ #if !defined (HAVE_DEV_FD) /* Open the named pipe in the child. */ fd = open (pathname, open_for_read_in_child ? O_RDONLY : O_WRONLY); if (fd < 0) { internal_error ("cannot open named pipe %s for %s: %s", pathname, open_for_read_in_child ? "reading" : "writing", strerror (errno)); exit (127); } #else /* HAVE_DEV_FD */ fd = child_pipe_fd; #endif /* HAVE_DEV_FD */ if (dup2 (fd, open_for_read_in_child ? 0 : 1) < 0) { internal_error ("cannot duplicate named pipe %s as fd %d: %s", pathname, open_for_read_in_child ? 0 : 1, strerror (errno)); exit (127); } close (fd); /* Need to close any files that this process has open to pipes inherited from its parent. */ if (current_fds_to_close) { close_fd_bitmap (current_fds_to_close); current_fds_to_close = (struct fd_bitmap *)NULL; } #if defined (HAVE_DEV_FD) /* Make sure we close the parent's end of the pipe and clear the slot in the fd list so it is not closed later, if reallocated by, for instance, pipe(2). */ close (parent_pipe_fd); dev_fd_list[parent_pipe_fd] = 0; #endif /* HAVE_DEV_FD */ result = parse_and_execute (string, "process substitution", 0); #if !defined (HAVE_DEV_FD) /* Make sure we close the named pipe in the child before we exit. */ close (open_for_read_in_child ? 0 : 1); #endif /* !HAVE_DEV_FD */ exit (result); /*NOTREACHED*/ } #endif /* PROCESS_SUBSTITUTION */ /* Perform command substitution on STRING. This returns a string, possibly quoted. */ static char * command_substitute (string, quoted) char *string; int quoted; { pid_t pid, old_pid; int fildes[2]; char *istring = (char *)NULL; int istring_index, istring_size, c = 1; int result; istring_index = istring_size = 0; /* Don't fork () if there is no need to. In the case of no command to run, just return NULL. */ if (!string || !*string || (string[0] == '\n' && !string[1])) return ((char *)NULL); /* Pipe the output of executing STRING into the current shell. */ if (pipe (fildes) < 0) { internal_error ("Can't make pipes for command substitution!"); goto error_exit; } old_pid = last_made_pid; #if defined (JOB_CONTROL) { pid_t old_pipeline_pgrp = pipeline_pgrp; pipeline_pgrp = shell_pgrp; cleanup_the_pipeline (); pid = make_child ((char *)NULL, 0); if (pid == 0) /* Reset the signal handlers in the child, but don't free the trap strings. */ reset_signal_handlers (); set_sigchld_handler (); stop_making_children (); pipeline_pgrp = old_pipeline_pgrp; } #else /* !JOB_CONTROL */ pid = make_child ((char *)NULL, 0); if (pid == 0) /* Reset the signal handlers in the child, but don't free the trap strings. */ reset_signal_handlers (); #endif /* !JOB_CONTROL */ if (pid < 0) { internal_error ("Can't make a child for command substitution: %s", strerror (errno)); error_exit: FREE (istring); close (fildes[0]); close (fildes[1]); return ((char *)NULL); } if (pid == 0) { set_sigint_handler (); /* XXX */ #if defined (JOB_CONTROL) set_job_control (0); #endif if (dup2 (fildes[1], 1) < 0) { internal_error ("command_substitute: cannot duplicate pipe as fd 1: %s", strerror (errno)); exit (EXECUTION_FAILURE); } /* If standard output is closed in the parent shell (such as after `exec >&-'), file descriptor 1 will be the lowest available file descriptor, and end up in fildes[0]. This can happen for stdin and stderr as well, but stdout is more important -- it will cause no output to be generated from this command. */ if ((fildes[1] != fileno (stdin)) && (fildes[1] != fileno (stdout)) && (fildes[1] != fileno (stderr))) close (fildes[1]); if ((fildes[0] != fileno (stdin)) && (fildes[0] != fileno (stdout)) && (fildes[0] != fileno (stderr))) close (fildes[0]); /* The currently executing shell is not interactive. */ interactive = 0; /* Command substitution does not inherit the -e flag. */ exit_immediately_on_error = 0; remove_quoted_escapes (string); /* Give command substitution a place to jump back to on failure, so we don't go back up to main (). */ result = setjmp (top_level); if (result == EXITPROG) exit (last_command_exit_value); else if (result) exit (EXECUTION_FAILURE); else exit (parse_and_execute (string, "command substitution", -1)); } else { FILE *istream; istream = fdopen (fildes[0], "r"); #if defined (JOB_CONTROL) && defined (PGRP_PIPE) close_pgrp_pipe (); #endif /* JOB_CONTROL && PGRP_PIPE */ close (fildes[1]); if (!istream) { internal_error ("Can't reopen pipe to command substitution (fd %d): %s", fildes[0], strerror (errno)); goto error_exit; } /* Read the output of the command through the pipe. */ while (1) { #if defined (NO_READ_RESTART_ON_SIGNAL) c = getc_with_restart (istream); #else c = getc (istream); #endif /* !NO_READ_RESTART_ON_SIGNAL */ if (c == EOF) break; /* Add the character to ISTRING. */ if (istring_index + 2 >= istring_size) { while (istring_index + 2 >= istring_size) istring_size += DEFAULT_ARRAY_SIZE; istring = xrealloc (istring, istring_size); } if (quoted || c == CTLESC || c == CTLNUL) istring[istring_index++] = CTLESC; istring[istring_index++] = c; istring[istring_index] = '\0'; } fclose (istream); close (fildes[0]); last_command_exit_value = wait_for (pid); last_command_subst_pid = pid; last_made_pid = old_pid; #if defined (JOB_CONTROL) /* If last_command_exit_value > 128, then the substituted command was terminated by a signal. If that signal was SIGINT, then send SIGINT to ourselves. This will break out of loops, for instance. */ if (last_command_exit_value == (128 + SIGINT)) kill (getpid (), SIGINT); /* wait_for gives the terminal back to shell_pgrp. If some other process group should have it, give it away to that group here. */ if (interactive && pipeline_pgrp != (pid_t)0) give_terminal_to (pipeline_pgrp); #endif /* JOB_CONTROL */ /* If we read no output, just return now and save ourselves some trouble. */ if (istring_index == 0) goto error_exit; /* Strip trailing newlines from the output of the command. */ if (quoted) { while (istring_index > 0) { if (istring[istring_index - 1] == '\n') { --istring_index; /* If the newline was quoted, remove the quoting char. */ if (istring[istring_index - 1] == CTLESC) --istring_index; } else break; } istring[istring_index] = '\0'; } else strip_trailing (istring, 1); return (istring); } } /******************************************************** * * * Utility functions for parameter expansion * * * ********************************************************/ /* Handle removing a pattern from a string as a result of ${name%[%]value} or ${name#[#]value}. */ static char * parameter_brace_remove_pattern (value, temp, c) char *value, *temp; int c; { int pattern_specifier; WORD_LIST *l; char *pattern, *t, *tword; if (c == '#') { if (*value == '#') { value++; pattern_specifier = RP_LONG_LEFT; } else pattern_specifier = RP_SHORT_LEFT; } else /* c == '%' */ { if (*value == '%') { value++; pattern_specifier = RP_LONG_RIGHT; } else pattern_specifier = RP_SHORT_RIGHT; } /* Posix.2 says that the WORD should be run through tilde expansion, parameter expansion, command substitution and arithmetic expansion. This leaves the result quoted, so quote_string_for_globbing () has to be called to fix it up for fnmatch (). */ if (strchr (value, '~')) tword = tilde_expand (value); else tword = savestring (value); /* expand_string_internal () leaves WORD quoted and does not perform word splitting. */ l = expand_string_internal (tword, 0); free (tword); pattern = string_list (l); dispose_words (l); if (pattern) { tword = quote_string_for_globbing (pattern, 1); free (pattern); pattern = tword; } t = remove_pattern (temp, pattern, pattern_specifier); FREE (pattern); return (t); } static int valid_brace_expansion_word (name, var_is_special) char *name; int var_is_special; { if (digit (*name) && all_digits (name)) return 1; else if (var_is_special) return 1; else if (legal_identifier (name)) return 1; else return 0; } /* Parameter expand NAME, and return a new string which is the expansion, or NULL if there was no expansion. VAR_IS_SPECIAL is non-zero if NAME is one of the special variables in the shell, e.g., "@", "$", "*", etc. QUOTED, if non-zero, means that NAME was found inside of a double-quoted expression. */ static char * parameter_brace_expand_word (name, var_is_special, quoted) char *name; int var_is_special, quoted; { char *temp = (char *)NULL; /* Handle multiple digit arguments, as in ${11}. */ if (digit (*name)) { int arg_index = atoi (name); temp = get_dollar_var_value (arg_index); } else if (var_is_special) /* ${@} */ { char *tt; WORD_LIST *l; tt = xmalloc (2 + strlen (name)); tt[0] = '$'; tt[1] = '\0'; strcpy (tt + 1, name); l = expand_string_leave_quoted (tt, quoted); free (tt); temp = string_list (l); dispose_words (l); } else { SHELL_VAR *var = find_variable (name); if (var && !invisible_p (var) && (temp = value_cell (var))) temp = quote_escapes (temp); } return (temp); } /* Expand the right side of a parameter expansion of the form ${NAMEcVALUE}, depending on the value of C, the separating character. C can be one of "-", "+", or "=". */ static char * parameter_brace_expand_rhs (name, value, c, quoted) char *name, *value; int c, quoted; { WORD_LIST *l; char *t, *t1, *temp; if (value[0] == '~' || (strchr (value, '~') && unquoted_substring ("=~", value))) temp = tilde_expand (value); else temp = savestring (value); l = *temp ? expand_string_internal (temp, 0) : (WORD_LIST *)NULL; free (temp); if (l) { temp = string_list (l); dispose_words (l); } else temp = (char *)NULL; if (c == '-' || c == '+') return (temp); /* c == '=' */ if (temp) t = savestring (temp); else t = savestring (""); t1 = dequote_string (t); free (t); bind_variable (name, t1); free (t1); return (temp); } /* Deal with the right hand side of a ${name:?value} expansion in the case that NAME is null or not set. If VALUE is non-null it is expanded and used as the error message to print, otherwise a standard message is printed. */ static void parameter_brace_expand_error (name, value) char *name, *value; { if (value && *value) { WORD_LIST *l = expand_string (value, 0); char *temp1 = string_list (l); report_error ("%s: %s", name, temp1 ? temp1 : value); FREE (temp1); dispose_words (l); } else report_error ("%s: parameter null or not set", name); /* Free the data we have allocated during this expansion, since we are about to longjmp out. */ free (name); FREE (value); } /* Return 1 if NAME is something for which parameter_brace_expand_length is OK to do. */ static int valid_length_expression (name) char *name; { return (!name[1] || /* ${#} */ ((name[1] == '@' || name[1] == '*') && !name[2]) || /* ${#@}, ${#*} */ (digit (name[1]) && all_digits (name + 1)) || /* ${#11} */ legal_identifier (name + 1)); /* ${#PS1} */ } /* Handle the parameter brace expansion that requires us to return the length of a parameter. */ static int parameter_brace_expand_length (name) char *name; { char *t; int number = 0; if (name[1] == '\0') /* ${#} */ { WORD_LIST *l = list_rest_of_args (); number = list_length (l); dispose_words (l); } else if (name[1] != '*' && name[1] != '@') { number = 0; if (digit (name[1])) /* ${#1} */ { if (t = get_dollar_var_value (atoi (name + 1))) { number = strlen (t); free (t); } } else /* ${#PS1} */ { WORD_LIST *list; char *newname; newname = savestring (name); newname[0] = '$'; list = expand_string (newname, 0); t = string_list (list); free (newname); dispose_words (list); if (t) number = strlen (t); FREE (t); } } else /* ${#@} and ${#*} */ { #if !defined (KSH_INCOMPATIBLE) WORD_LIST *l = list_rest_of_args (); number = l ? list_length (l) : 0; dispose_words (l); #else if (t = string_rest_of_args (1)) { number = strlen (t); free (t); } #endif /* KSH_INCOMPATIBLE */ } return (number); } /* Make a word list which is the parameter and variable expansion, command substitution, arithmetic substitution, and quote removed expansion of WORD. Return a pointer to a WORD_LIST which is the result of the expansion. If WORD contains a null word, the word list returned is also null. QUOTED, when non-zero specifies that the text of WORD is treated as if it were surrounded by double quotes. CONTAINS_DOLLAR_AT and EXPANDED_SOMETHING are return values; when non-null they point to an integer value which receives information about expansion. CONTAINS_DOLLAR_AT gets non-zero if WORD contained "$@", else zero. EXPANDED_SOMETHING get non-zero if WORD contained any parameter expansions, else zero. This only does word splitting in the case of $@ expansion. In that case, we split on ' '. */ /* Values for the local variable quoted_state. */ #define UNQUOTED 0 #define PARTIALLY_QUOTED 1 #define WHOLLY_QUOTED 2 static WORD_LIST * expand_word_internal (word, quoted, contains_dollar_at, expanded_something) WORD_DESC *word; int quoted; int *contains_dollar_at; int *expanded_something; { /* The thing that we finally output. */ WORD_LIST *result = (WORD_LIST *)NULL; /* The intermediate string that we build while expanding. */ char *istring = xmalloc (DEFAULT_ARRAY_SIZE); /* The current size of the above object. */ int istring_size = DEFAULT_ARRAY_SIZE; /* Index into ISTRING. */ int istring_index = 0; /* Temporary string storage. */ char *temp = (char *)NULL; /* The text of WORD. */ register char *string = word->word; /* The index into STRING. */ int sindex = 0; /* This gets 1 if we see a $@ while quoted. */ int quoted_dollar_at = 0; /* One of UNQUOTED, PARTIALLY_QUOTED, or WHOLLY_QUOTED, depending on whether WORD contains no quoting characters, a partially quoted string (e.g., "xx"ab), or is fully quoted (e.g., "xxab"). */ int quoted_state = UNQUOTED; register int c; /* Current character. */ int number; /* Temporary number value. */ int t_index; /* For calls to string_extract_xxx. */ char *command_subst_result; /* For calls to command_substitute (). */ istring[0] = '\0'; if (!string) goto final_exit; if (contains_dollar_at) *contains_dollar_at = 0; /* Begin the expansion. */ for (;;) { c = string[sindex]; /* Case on toplevel character. */ switch (c) { case '\0': goto finished_with_string; case CTLESC: temp = xmalloc (3); temp[0] = CTLESC; temp[1] = c = string[++sindex]; temp[2] = '\0'; if (string[sindex]) sindex++; goto add_string; #if defined (PROCESS_SUBSTITUTION) /* Process substitution. */ case '<': case '>': { char *temp1; int old_index; if (string[++sindex] != '(' || quoted || posixly_correct) { sindex--; goto add_character; } else old_index = ++sindex; /* skip past both '<' and '(' */ temp1 = extract_process_subst (string, (c == '<') ? "<(" : ">(", &old_index); sindex = old_index; /* If the process substitution specification is `<()', we want to open the pipe for writing in the child and produce output; if it is `>()', we want to open the pipe for reading in the child and consume input. */ temp = process_substitute (temp1, (c == '>')); FREE (temp1); goto dollar_add_string; } #endif /* PROCESS_SUBSTITUTION */ /* See about breaking this into a separate function: char * param_expand (string, sindex, quoted, expanded_something, contains_dollar_at, quoted_dollar_at) char *string; int *sindex, quoted, *expanded_something, *contains_dollar_at; int *quoted_dollar_at; */ case '$': if (expanded_something) *expanded_something = 1; c = string[++sindex]; /* Do simple cases first. Switch on what follows '$'. */ switch (c) { /* $0 .. $9? */ case '0': case '1': case '2': case '3': case '4': case '5': case '6': case '7': case '8': case '9': if (dollar_vars[digit_value (c)]) temp = savestring (dollar_vars[digit_value (c)]); else temp = (char *)NULL; goto dollar_add_string; /* $$ -- pid of the invoking shell. */ case '$': number = dollar_dollar_pid; add_number: temp = itos (number); dollar_add_string: if (string[sindex]) sindex++; /* Add TEMP to ISTRING. */ add_string: istring = sub_append_string (temp, istring, &istring_index, &istring_size); break; /* $# -- number of positional parameters. */ case '#': { WORD_LIST *list = list_rest_of_args (); number = list_length (list); dispose_words (list); goto add_number; } /* $? -- return value of the last synchronous command. */ case '?': number = last_command_exit_value; goto add_number; /* $- -- flags supplied to the shell on invocation or by `set'. */ case '-': temp = which_set_flags (); goto dollar_add_string; /* $! -- Pid of the last asynchronous command. */ case '!': number = (int)last_asynchronous_pid; /* If no asynchronous pids have been created, echo nothing. */ if (number == (int)NO_PID) { if (string[sindex]) sindex++; if (expanded_something) *expanded_something = 0; break; } goto add_number; /* The only difference between this and $@ is when the arg is quoted. */ case '*': /* `$*' */ temp = string_rest_of_args (quoted); /* In the case of a quoted string, quote the entire arg-list. "$1 $2 $3". */ if (quoted && temp) { char *james_brown = temp; temp = quote_string (temp); free (james_brown); } goto dollar_add_string; /* When we have "$@" what we want is "$1" "$2" "$3" ... This means that we have to turn quoting off after we split into the individually quoted arguments so that the final split on the first character of $IFS is still done. */ case '@': /* `$@' */ { WORD_LIST *tlist = list_rest_of_args (); if (quoted && tlist) quote_list (tlist); /* We want to flag the fact that we saw this. We can't turn off quoting entirely, because other characters in the string might need it (consider "\"$@\""), but we need some way to signal that the final split on the first character of $IFS should be done, even though QUOTED is 1. */ if (quoted) quoted_dollar_at = 1; if (contains_dollar_at) *contains_dollar_at = 1; temp = string_list (tlist); dispose_words (tlist); goto dollar_add_string; } /* ${[#]name[[:]#[#]%[%]-=?+[word]]} */ case '{': { int check_nullness = 0; int var_is_set = 0; int var_is_null = 0; int var_is_special = 0; char *name, *value; t_index = ++sindex; name = string_extract (string, &t_index, "#%:-=?+}"); value = (char *)NULL; /* If the name really consists of a special variable, then make sure that we have the entire name. */ if (sindex == t_index && (string[sindex] == '-' || string[sindex] == '?' || string[sindex] == '#')) { char *tt; t_index++; free (name); tt = string_extract (string, &t_index, "#%:-=?+}"); name = xmalloc (2 + (strlen (tt))); *name = string[sindex]; strcpy (name + 1, tt); free (tt); } sindex = t_index; /* Find out what character ended the variable name. Then do the appropriate thing. */ if (c = string[sindex]) sindex++; if (c == ':') { check_nullness++; if (c = string[sindex]) sindex++; } /* Determine the value of this variable. */ if ((digit (*name) && all_digits (name)) || (strlen (name) == 1 && member (*name, "#-?$!@*"))) var_is_special++; /* Check for special expansion things. */ if (*name == '#') { /* Handle ${#-} and ${#?}. They return the lengths of $- and $?, respectively. */ if (string[sindex] == '}' && !name[1] && !check_nullness && (c == '-' || c == '?')) { char *s; free (name); if (c == '-') s = which_set_flags (); else s = itos (last_command_exit_value); number = STRLEN (s); FREE (s); goto add_number; } /* Don't allow things like ${#:-foo} to go by; they are errors. If we are not pointing at the character just after the closing brace, then we haven't gotten all of the name. Since it begins with a special character, this is a bad substitution. Explicitly check for ${#:}, which the rules do not catch. */ if (string[sindex - 1] != '}' || member (c, "?-=+") || (string[sindex - 1] == '}' && !name[1] && c == '}' && check_nullness)) { free (name); name = string; goto bad_substitution; } /* Check NAME for validity before trying to go on. */ if (!valid_length_expression (name)) { free (name); name = string; goto bad_substitution; } number = parameter_brace_expand_length (name); free (name); /* We are pointing one character after the brace which closes this expression. Since the code at add_number increments SINDEX, we back up a single character. */ sindex--; goto add_number; } /* ${@} is identical to $@. */ if (name[0] == '@' && name[1] == '\0') { if (quoted) quoted_dollar_at = 1; if (contains_dollar_at) *contains_dollar_at = 1; } /* Make sure that NAME is valid before trying to go on. */ if (!valid_brace_expansion_word (name, var_is_special)) { free (name); name = string; goto bad_substitution; } temp = parameter_brace_expand_word (name, var_is_special, quoted); if (temp) var_is_set++; if (!var_is_set || !temp || !*temp) var_is_null++; if (!check_nullness) var_is_null = 0; /* Get the rest of the stuff inside the braces. */ if (c && c != '}') { /* Extract the contents of the ${ ... } expansion according to the Posix.2 rules. It's much less of a hack that the former extract_delimited_string () scheme. */ value = extract_dollar_brace_string (string, &sindex); if (string[sindex] == '}') sindex++; else { free (name); name = string; goto bad_substitution; } } else value = (char *)NULL; /* Do the right thing based on which character ended the variable name. */ switch (c) { default: free (name); name = string; /* FALL THROUGH */ case '\0': bad_substitution: report_error ("%s: bad substitution", name ? name : "??"); FREE (value); free (temp); free (name); free (istring); return &expand_word_error; case '}': if (!var_is_set && unbound_vars_is_error) { report_error ("%s: unbound variable", name); FREE (value); free (temp); free (name); free (string); last_command_exit_value = 1; free (istring); return &expand_word_error; } break; case '#': /* ${param#[#]pattern} */ case '%': /* ${param%[%]pattern} */ { char *t; if (!value || !*value || !temp || !*temp) break; t = parameter_brace_remove_pattern (value, temp, c); free (temp); free (value); temp = t; } break; case '-': case '=': case '?': case '+': if (var_is_set && !var_is_null) { /* We don't want the value of the named variable for anything, just the value of the right hand side. */ if (c == '+') { FREE (temp); if (value) { temp = parameter_brace_expand_rhs (name, value, c, quoted); free (value); } else temp = (char *)NULL; } else { FREE (value); } /* Otherwise do nothing; just use the value in TEMP. */ } else /* VAR not set or VAR is NULL. */ { FREE (temp); temp = (char *)NULL; if (c == '=' && var_is_special) { report_error ("$%s: cannot assign in this way", name); free (name); free (value); free (string); free (istring); return &expand_word_error; } else if (c == '?') { free (string); free (istring); parameter_brace_expand_error (name, value); if (!interactive) return &expand_word_fatal; else return &expand_word_error; } else if (c != '+') temp = parameter_brace_expand_rhs (name, value, c, quoted); free (value); } break; } /* end case on closing character. */ free (name); goto add_string; } /* end case '{' */ /* break; */ /* Do command or arithmetic substitution. */ case '(': /* We have to extract the contents of this paren substitution. */ { int old_index = ++sindex; temp = extract_command_subst (string, &old_index); sindex = old_index; /* For Posix.2-style `$(( ))' arithmetic substitution, extract the expression and pass it to the evaluator. */ if (temp && *temp == '(') { char *t = temp + 1; int last = strlen (t) - 1; if (t[last] != ')') { report_error ("%s: bad arithmetic substitution", temp); free (temp); free (string); free (istring); return &expand_word_error; } /* Cut off ending `)' */ t[last] = '\0'; /* Expand variables found inside the expression. */ { WORD_LIST *l; l = expand_string (t, 1); t = string_list (l); dispose_words (l); } /* No error messages. */ this_command_name = (char *)NULL; number = evalexp (t); free (temp); free (t); goto add_number; } goto handle_command_substitution; } /* Do straight arithmetic substitution. */ case '[': /* We have to extract the contents of this arithmetic substitution. */ { char *t; int old_index = ++sindex; WORD_LIST *l; temp = extract_arithmetic_subst (string, &old_index); sindex = old_index; /* Do initial variable expansion. */ l = expand_string (temp, 1); t = string_list (l); dispose_words (l); /* No error messages. */ this_command_name = (char *)NULL; number = evalexp (t); free (t); free (temp); goto add_number; } default: { /* Find the variable in VARIABLE_LIST. */ int old_index = sindex; char *name; SHELL_VAR *var; temp = (char *)NULL; for (; (c = string[sindex]) && (isletter (c) || digit (c) || c == '_'); sindex++); name = substring (string, old_index, sindex); /* If this isn't a variable name, then just output the `$'. */ if (!name || !*name) { FREE (name); temp = savestring ("$"); if (expanded_something) *expanded_something = 0; goto add_string; } /* If the variable exists, return its value cell. */ var = find_variable (name); if (var && !invisible_p (var) && value_cell (var)) { temp = quote_escapes (value_cell (var)); free (name); goto add_string; } else temp = (char *)NULL; if (unbound_vars_is_error) report_error ("%s: unbound variable", name); else { free (name); goto add_string; } free (name); free (string); last_command_exit_value = 1; free (istring); return &expand_word_error; } } break; /* End case '$': */ case '`': /* Backquoted command substitution. */ { sindex++; if (expanded_something) *expanded_something = 1; temp = string_extract (string, &sindex, "`"); de_backslash (temp); handle_command_substitution: command_subst_result = command_substitute (temp, quoted); FREE (temp); temp = command_subst_result; if (string[sindex]) sindex++; goto add_string; } case '\\': if (string[sindex + 1] == '\n') { sindex += 2; continue; } else { char *slashify_chars = ""; c = string[++sindex]; if (quoted == Q_HERE_DOCUMENT) slashify_chars = slashify_in_here_document; else if (quoted == Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES) slashify_chars = slashify_in_quotes; if (quoted && !member (c, slashify_chars)) { temp = xmalloc (3); temp[0] = '\\'; temp[1] = c; temp[2] = '\0'; if (c) sindex++; goto add_string; } else { /* This character is quoted, so add it in quoted mode. */ temp = make_quoted_char (c); if (c) sindex++; goto add_string; } } case '"': if (quoted) goto add_character; sindex++; { WORD_LIST *tresult = (WORD_LIST *)NULL; t_index = sindex; temp = string_extract_double_quoted (string, &sindex); /* If the quotes surrounded the entire string, then the whole word was quoted. */ if (t_index == 1 && !string[sindex]) quoted_state = WHOLLY_QUOTED; else quoted_state = PARTIALLY_QUOTED; if (temp && *temp) { int dollar_at_flag; int quoting_flags = Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES; WORD_DESC *temp_word = make_word (temp); free (temp); tresult = expand_word_internal (temp_word, quoting_flags, &dollar_at_flag, (int *)NULL); if (tresult == &expand_word_error || tresult == &expand_word_fatal) { free (istring); free (string); /* expand_word_internal has already freed temp_word->word for us because of the way it prints error messages. */ temp_word->word = (char *)NULL; dispose_word (temp_word); return tresult; } dispose_word (temp_word); /* "$@" (a double-quoted dollar-at) expands into nothing, not even a NULL word, when there are no positional parameters. */ if (!tresult && dollar_at_flag) { quoted_dollar_at++; break; } /* If we get "$@", we know we have expanded something, so we need to remember it for the final split on $IFS. This is a special case; it's the only case where a quoted string can expand into more than one word. It's going to come back from the above call to expand_word_internal as a list with a single word, in which all characters are quoted and separated by blanks. What we want to do is to turn it back into a list for the next piece of code. */ dequote_list (tresult); if (dollar_at_flag) { quoted_dollar_at++; if (expanded_something) *expanded_something = 1; } } else { /* What we have is "". This is a minor optimization. */ free (temp); tresult = (WORD_LIST *)NULL; } /* The code above *might* return a list (consider the case of "$@", where it returns "$1", "$2", etc.). We can't throw away the rest of the list, and we have to make sure each word gets added as quoted. We test on tresult->next: if it is non-NULL, we quote the whole list, save it to a string with string_list, and add that string. We don't need to quote the results of this (and it would be wrong, since that would quote the separators as well), so we go directly to add_string. */ if (tresult) { if (tresult->next) { quote_list (tresult); temp = string_list (tresult); dispose_words (tresult); goto add_string; } else { temp = savestring (tresult->word->word); dispose_words (tresult); } } else temp = (char *)NULL; /* We do not want to add quoted nulls to strings that are only partially quoted; we can throw them away. */ if (!temp && (quoted_state == PARTIALLY_QUOTED)) continue; add_quoted_string: if (temp) { char *t = temp; temp = quote_string (temp); free (t); } else { /* Add NULL arg. */ temp = xmalloc (2); temp[0] = CTLNUL; temp[1] = '\0'; } goto add_string; } /* break; */ case '\'': { if (!quoted) { sindex++; t_index = sindex; temp = string_extract_single_quoted (string, &sindex); /* If the entire STRING was surrounded by single quotes, then the string is wholly quoted. */ if (t_index == 1 && !string[sindex]) quoted_state = WHOLLY_QUOTED; else quoted_state = PARTIALLY_QUOTED; /* If all we had was '', it is a null expansion. */ if (!*temp) { free (temp); temp = (char *)NULL; } else remove_quoted_escapes (temp); /* We do not want to add quoted nulls to strings that are only partially quoted; such nulls are discarded. */ if (!temp && (quoted_state == PARTIALLY_QUOTED)) continue; goto add_quoted_string; } else goto add_character; break; } default: /* This is the fix for " $@ " */ if (quoted) { temp = make_quoted_char (c); if (string[sindex]) sindex++; goto add_string; } add_character: if (istring_index + 1 >= istring_size) { while (istring_index + 1 >= istring_size) istring_size += DEFAULT_ARRAY_SIZE; istring = xrealloc (istring, istring_size); } istring[istring_index++] = c; istring[istring_index] = '\0'; /* Next character. */ sindex++; } } finished_with_string: final_exit: /* OK, we're ready to return. If we have a quoted string, and quoted_dollar_at is not set, we do no splitting at all; otherwise we split on ' '. The routines that call this will handle what to do if nothing has been expanded. */ if (istring) { WORD_LIST *temp_list; /* Partially and wholly quoted strings which expand to the empty string are retained as an empty arguments. Unquoted strings which expand to the empty string are discarded. The single exception is the case of expanding "$@" when there are no positional parameters. In that case, we discard the expansion. */ /* Because of how the code that handles "" and '' in partially quoted strings works, we need to make ISTRING into a QUOTED_NULL if we saw quoting characters, but the expansion was empty. "" and '' are tossed away before we get to this point when processing partially quoted strings. This makes "" and $xxx"" equivalent when xxx is unset. */ if (!*istring && quoted_state == PARTIALLY_QUOTED) { if (istring_size < 2) istring = xrealloc (istring, istring_size += 2); istring[0] = CTLNUL; istring[1] = '\0'; } /* If we expand to nothing and there were no single or double quotes in the word, we throw it away. Otherwise, we return a NULL word. The single exception is for $@ surrounded by double quotes when there are no positional parameters. In that case, we also throw the word away. */ if (!*istring) { if (quoted_state == UNQUOTED || (quoted_dollar_at && quoted_state == WHOLLY_QUOTED)) temp_list = (WORD_LIST *)NULL; else { temp_list = make_word_list (make_word (istring), (WORD_LIST *)NULL); temp_list->word->quoted = quoted; } } else { char *ifs_chars = (char *)NULL; if (quoted_dollar_at) { SHELL_VAR *ifs = find_variable ("IFS"); if (ifs) ifs_chars = value_cell (ifs); else ifs_chars = " \t\n"; } /* According to Posix.2, "$@" expands to a single word if IFS="" and the positional parameters are not empty. */ if (quoted_dollar_at && ifs_chars && *ifs_chars) temp_list = list_string (istring, " ", 1); else { WORD_DESC *tword; tword = make_word (istring); temp_list = make_word_list (tword, (WORD_LIST *)NULL); tword->quoted = quoted || (quoted_state == WHOLLY_QUOTED); tword->assignment = word->assignment; } } free (istring); result = (WORD_LIST *) list_append (REVERSE_LIST (result, WORD_LIST *), temp_list); } else result = (WORD_LIST *)NULL; return (result); } /* **************************************************************** */ /* */ /* Functions for Quote Removal */ /* */ /* **************************************************************** */ /* Perform quote removal on STRING. If QUOTED > 0, assume we are obeying the backslash quoting rules for within double quotes. */ char * string_quote_removal (string, quoted) char *string; int quoted; { char *r, *result_string, *temp, *temp1; int sindex, tindex, c; /* The result can be no longer than the original string. */ r = result_string = xmalloc (strlen (string) + 1); sindex = 0; for (;;) { c = string[sindex]; if (c == '\0') break; switch (c) { case '\\': c = string[++sindex]; if (quoted && !member (c, slashify_in_quotes)) { *r++ = '\\'; *r++ = c; } else *r++ = c; sindex++; break; case '"': tindex = ++sindex; temp = string_extract_double_quoted (string, &tindex); sindex = tindex; if (temp) { strcpy (r, temp); r += strlen (r); free (temp); } break; case '\'': if (quoted) { *r++ = c; sindex++; } else { tindex = ++sindex; temp = string_extract_single_quoted (string, &tindex); sindex = tindex; if (temp) { strcpy (r, temp); r += strlen (r); free (temp); } } break; default: *r++ = c; sindex++; break; } } *r = '\0'; return (result_string); } /* Perform quote removal on word WORD. This allocates and returns a new WORD_DESC *. */ WORD_DESC * word_quote_removal (word, quoted) WORD_DESC *word; int quoted; { WORD_DESC *w; char *t; t = string_quote_removal (word->word, quoted); w = make_word (t); return (w); } /* Perform quote removal on all words in LIST. If QUOTED is non-zero, the members of the list are treated as if they are surrounded by double quotes. Return a new list, or NULL if LIST is NULL. */ WORD_LIST * word_list_quote_removal (list, quoted) WORD_LIST *list; int quoted; { WORD_LIST *result = (WORD_LIST *)NULL, *t, *tresult; t = list; while (t) { tresult = (WORD_LIST *)xmalloc (sizeof (WORD_LIST)); tresult->word = word_quote_removal (t->word, quoted); tresult->next = (WORD_LIST *)NULL; result = (WORD_LIST *) list_append (result, tresult); t = t->next; } return (result); } /* Return 1 if CHARACTER appears in an unquoted portion of STRING. Return 0 otherwise. */ static int unquoted_member (character, string) int character; char *string; { int sindex, tindex, c; char *temp; sindex = 0; while (c = string[sindex]) { if (c == character) return (1); switch (c) { case '\\': sindex++; if (string[sindex]) sindex++; break; case '"': case '\'': tindex = ++sindex; if (c == '"') temp = string_extract_double_quoted (string, &tindex); else temp = string_extract_single_quoted (string, &tindex); sindex = tindex; FREE (temp); break; default: sindex++; break; } } return (0); } /* Return 1 if SUBSTR appears in an unquoted portion of STRING. */ static int unquoted_substring (substr, string) char *substr, *string; { int sindex, tindex, c, sublen; char *temp; if (!substr || !*substr) return (0); sublen = strlen (substr); sindex = 0; while (c = string[sindex]) { if (STREQN (string + sindex, substr, sublen)) return (1); switch (c) { case '\\': sindex++; if (string[sindex]) sindex++; break; case '"': case '\'': tindex = ++sindex; if (c == '"') temp = string_extract_double_quoted (string, &tindex); else temp = string_extract_single_quoted (string, &tindex); sindex = tindex; FREE (temp); break; default: sindex++; break; } } return (0); } /******************************************* * * * Functions to perform word splitting * * * *******************************************/ /* This splits a single word into a WORD LIST on $IFS, but only if the word is not quoted. list_string () performs quote removal for us, even if we don't do any splitting. */ WORD_LIST * word_split (w) WORD_DESC *w; { WORD_LIST *result; if (w) { SHELL_VAR *ifs = find_variable ("IFS"); char *ifs_chars; /* If IFS is unset, it defaults to " \t\n". */ if (ifs) ifs_chars = value_cell (ifs); else ifs_chars = " \t\n"; if (w->quoted || !ifs_chars) ifs_chars = ""; #ifdef NOT_YET_MAYBE_LATER if (!*ifs) { /* No splitting done if word quoted or ifs set to "". */ WORD_DESC *wtemp; wtemp = make_word (w->word); wtemp->quoted = w->quoted; result = make_word_list (wtemp); } else #endif result = list_string (w->word, ifs_chars, w->quoted); } else result = (WORD_LIST *)NULL; return (result); } /* Perform word splitting on LIST and return the RESULT. It is possible to return (WORD_LIST *)NULL. */ static WORD_LIST * word_list_split (list) WORD_LIST *list; { WORD_LIST *result = (WORD_LIST *)NULL, *t, *tresult; t = list; while (t) { tresult = word_split (t->word); result = (WORD_LIST *) list_append (result, tresult); t = t->next; } return (result); } /************************************************** * * * Functions to expand an entire WORD_LIST * * * **************************************************/ static WORD_LIST *varlist = (WORD_LIST *)NULL; /* Separate out any initial variable assignments from TLIST. If set -k has been executed, remove all assignment statements from TLIST. Initial variable assignments and other environment assignments are placed on VARLIST. */ static WORD_LIST * separate_out_assignments (tlist) WORD_LIST *tlist; { register WORD_LIST *vp, *lp; if (!tlist) return ((WORD_LIST *)NULL); varlist = (WORD_LIST *)NULL; vp = lp = tlist; /* Separate out variable assignments at the start of the command. Loop invariant: vp->next == lp Loop postcondition: lp = list of words left after assignment statements skipped tlist = original list of words */ while (lp && lp->word->assignment) { vp = lp; lp = lp->next; } /* If lp != tlist, we have some initial assignment statements. */ /* We make VARLIST point to the list of assignment words and TLIST point to the remaining words. */ if (lp != tlist) { varlist = tlist; /* ASSERT(vp->next == lp); */ vp->next = (WORD_LIST *)NULL; /* terminate variable list */ tlist = lp; /* remainder of word list */ } /* vp == end of variable list */ /* tlist == remainder of original word list without variable assignments */ if (!tlist) /* All the words in tlist were assignment statements */ return ((WORD_LIST *)NULL); /* ASSERT(tlist != NULL); */ /* ASSERT(tlist->word->assignment == 0); */ /* If the -k option is in effect, we need to go through the remaining words, separate out the assignment words, and place them on VARLIST. */ if (place_keywords_in_env) { WORD_LIST *tp; /* tp == running pointer into tlist */ tp = tlist; lp = tlist->next; /* Loop Invariant: tp->next == lp */ /* Loop postcondition: tlist == word list without assignment statements */ while (lp) { if (lp->word->assignment) { /* Found an assignment statement, add this word to end of varlist (vp). */ if (!varlist) varlist = vp = lp; else { vp->next = lp; vp = lp; } /* Remove the word pointed to by LP from TLIST. */ tp->next = lp->next; /* ASSERT(vp == lp); */ lp->next = (WORD_LIST *)NULL; lp = tp->next; } else { tp = lp; lp = lp->next; } } } return (tlist); } /* Take the list of words in LIST and do the various substitutions. Return a new list of words which is the expanded list, and without things like variable assignments. */ WORD_LIST * expand_words (list) WORD_LIST *list; { return (expand_words_internal (list, 1)); } /* Same as expand_words (), but doesn't hack variable or environment variables. */ WORD_LIST * expand_words_no_vars (list) WORD_LIST *list; { return (expand_words_internal (list, 0)); } /* Non-zero means to allow unmatched globbed filenames to expand to a null file. */ static int allow_null_glob_expansion = 0; /* The workhorse for expand_words () and expand_words_no_var (). First arg is LIST, a WORD_LIST of words. Second arg DO_VARS is non-zero if you want to do environment and variable assignments, else zero. This does all of the substitutions: brace expansion, tilde expansion, parameter expansion, command substitution, arithmetic expansion, process substitution, word splitting, and pathname expansion. Words with the `quoted' or `assignment' bits set, or for which no expansion is done, do not undergo word splitting. Words with the `assignment' but set do not undergo pathname expansion. */ static WORD_LIST * expand_words_internal (list, do_vars) WORD_LIST *list; int do_vars; { register WORD_LIST *tlist, *new_list = (WORD_LIST *)NULL; WORD_LIST *orig_list; if (!list) return ((WORD_LIST *)NULL); tlist = copy_word_list (list); if (do_vars) { tlist = separate_out_assignments (tlist); if (!tlist) { if (varlist) { /* All the words were variable assignments, so they are placed into the shell's environment. */ register WORD_LIST *lp; for (lp = varlist; lp; lp = lp->next) do_assignment (lp->word->word); dispose_words (varlist); varlist = (WORD_LIST *)NULL; } return ((WORD_LIST *)NULL); } } /* Begin expanding the words that remain. The expansions take place on things that aren't really variable assignments. */ #if defined (BRACE_EXPANSION) /* Do brace expansion on this word if there are any brace characters in the string. */ if (!no_brace_expansion) { register char **expansions; WORD_LIST *braces = (WORD_LIST *)NULL, *disposables = (WORD_LIST *)NULL; int eindex; while (tlist) { WORD_LIST *next; next = tlist->next; /* Only do brace expansion if the word has a brace character. If not, just add the word list element to BRACES and continue. In the common case, at least when running shell scripts, this will degenerate to a bunch of calls to `strchr', and then what is basically a reversal of TLIST into BRACES, which is corrected by a call to reverse_list () on BRACES when the end of TLIST is reached. */ if (strchr (tlist->word->word, '{')) { expansions = brace_expand (tlist->word->word); for (eindex = 0; expansions[eindex]; eindex++) { braces = make_word_list (make_word (expansions[eindex]), braces); free (expansions[eindex]); } free (expansions); /* Add TLIST to the list of words to be freed after brace expansion has been performed. */ tlist->next = disposables; disposables = tlist; } else { tlist->next = braces; braces = tlist; } tlist = next; } dispose_words (disposables); tlist = REVERSE_LIST (braces, WORD_LIST *); } #endif /* BRACE_EXPANSION */ orig_list = tlist; /* We do tilde expansion all the time. This is what 1003.2 says. */ while (tlist) { register char *current_word; WORD_LIST *expanded, *t, *reversed, *next; int expanded_something = 0; current_word = tlist->word->word; next = tlist->next; /* Posix.2 section 3.6.1 says that tildes following `=' in words which are not assignment statements are not expanded. We do this only if POSIXLY_CORRECT is enabled. */ if (current_word[0] == '~' || (!posixly_correct && strchr (current_word, '~') && unquoted_substring ("=~", current_word))) { char *tt; tt = tlist->word->word; tlist->word->word = tilde_expand (tt); free (tt); } expanded = expand_word_internal (tlist->word, 0, (int *)NULL, &expanded_something); if (expanded == &expand_word_error || expanded == &expand_word_fatal) { /* By convention, each time this error is returned, tlist->word->word has already been freed. */ tlist->word->word = (char *)NULL; /* Dispose our copy of the original list. */ dispose_words (orig_list); /* Dispose the new list we're building. */ dispose_words (new_list); if (expanded == &expand_word_error) longjmp (top_level, DISCARD); else longjmp (top_level, FORCE_EOF); } /* Don't split assignment words, even when they do not precede a command name. */ if (expanded_something && tlist->word->assignment == 0) { t = word_list_split (expanded); dispose_words (expanded); } else { /* If no parameter expansion, command substitution, process substitution, or arithmetic substitution took place, then do not do word splitting. We still have to remove quoted null characters from the result. */ word_list_remove_quoted_nulls (expanded); t = expanded; } /* In the most common cases, t will be a list containing only one element, so the call to reverse_list would be wasted. */ reversed = REVERSE_LIST (t, WORD_LIST *); new_list = (WORD_LIST *)list_append (reversed, new_list); tlist = next; } new_list = REVERSE_LIST (new_list, WORD_LIST *); dispose_words (orig_list); #if defined (USE_POSIX_GLOB_LIBRARY) # define GLOB_FAILED(glist) !(glist) #else /* !USE_POSIX_GLOB_LIBRARY */ # define GLOB_FAILED(glist) (glist) == (char **)&glob_error_return #endif /* !USE_POSIX_GLOB_LIBRARY */ /* Okay, we're almost done. Now let's just do some filename globbing. */ if (new_list) { char **temp_list = (char **)NULL; register int list_index; WORD_LIST *glob_list, *disposables; orig_list = disposables = (WORD_LIST *)NULL; tlist = new_list; /* orig_list == output list, despite the name. */ if (!disallow_filename_globbing) { while (tlist) { /* For each word, either globbing is attempted or the word is added to orig_list. If globbing succeeds, the results are added to orig_list and the word (tlist) is added to the list of disposable words. If globbing fails and failed glob expansions are left unchanged (the shell default), the original word is added to orig_list. If globbing fails and failed glob expansions are removed, the original word is added to the list of disposable words. orig_list ends up in reverse order and requires a call to reverse_list to be set right. After all words are examined, the disposable words are freed. */ WORD_LIST *next; next = tlist->next; /* If the word isn't quoted and there is an unquoted pattern matching character in the word, then glob it. */ if (!tlist->word->quoted && !tlist->word->assignment && unquoted_glob_pattern_p (tlist->word->word)) { temp_list = shell_glob_filename (tlist->word->word); /* Handle error cases. I don't think we should report errors like "No such file or directory". However, I would like to report errors like "Read failed". */ if (GLOB_FAILED (temp_list)) { temp_list = (char **) xmalloc (sizeof (char *)); temp_list[0] = (char *)NULL; } /* Dequote the current word in case we have to use it. */ if (!temp_list[0]) { register char *t = dequote_string (tlist->word->word); free (tlist->word->word); tlist->word->word = t; } /* Make the array into a word list. */ glob_list = (WORD_LIST *)NULL; for (list_index = 0; temp_list[list_index]; list_index++) glob_list = make_word_list (make_word (temp_list[list_index]), glob_list); if (glob_list) { orig_list = (WORD_LIST *)list_append (glob_list, orig_list); tlist->next = disposables; disposables = tlist; } else if (!allow_null_glob_expansion) { /* Failed glob expressions are left unchanged. */ tlist->next = orig_list; orig_list = tlist; } else { /* Failed glob expressions are removed. */ tlist->next = disposables; disposables = tlist; } } else { /* Dequote the string. */ register char *t = dequote_string (tlist->word->word); free (tlist->word->word); tlist->word->word = t; tlist->next = orig_list; orig_list = tlist; } free_array (temp_list); temp_list = (char **)NULL; tlist = next; } if (disposables) dispose_words (disposables); new_list = REVERSE_LIST (orig_list, WORD_LIST *); } else { /* Dequote the words, because we're not performing globbing. */ register WORD_LIST *wl = new_list; register char *wp; while (wl) { wp = dequote_string (wl->word->word); free (wl->word->word); wl->word->word = wp; wl = wl->next; } } } if (do_vars) { register WORD_LIST *lp; Function *assign_func; /* If the remainder of the words expand to nothing, Posix.2 requires that the variable and environment assignments affect the shell's environment. */ assign_func = new_list ? assign_in_env : do_assignment; for (lp = varlist; lp; lp = lp->next) (*assign_func) (lp->word->word); dispose_words (varlist); varlist = (WORD_LIST *)NULL; } return (new_list); } /* Return nonzero if S has any unquoted special globbing chars in it. */ static int unquoted_glob_pattern_p (string) register char *string; { register int c; int open = 0; while (c = *string++) { switch (c) { case '?': case '*': return (1); case '[': open++; continue; case ']': if (open) return (1); continue; case CTLESC: case '\\': if (*string++ == '\0') return (0); } } return (0); } /* PATHNAME can contain characters prefixed by CTLESC; this indicates that the character is to be quoted. We quote it here in the style that the glob library recognizes. If CONVERT_QUOTED_NULLS is non-zero, we change quoted null strings (pathname[0] == CTLNUL) into empty strings (pathname[0] == 0). If this is called after quote removal is performed, CONVERT_QUOTED_NULLS should be 0; if called when quote removal has not been done (for example, before attempting to match a pattern while executing a case statement), CONVERT_QUOTED_NULLS should be 1. */ char * quote_string_for_globbing (pathname, convert_quoted_nulls) char *pathname; int convert_quoted_nulls; { char *temp; register int i; temp = savestring (pathname); if (convert_quoted_nulls && QUOTED_NULL (pathname)) { temp[0] = '\0'; return temp; } for (i = 0; temp[i]; i++) { if (temp[i] == CTLESC) temp[i++] = '\\'; } return (temp); } /* Call the glob library to do globbing on PATHNAME. */ char ** shell_glob_filename (pathname) char *pathname; { #if defined (USE_POSIX_GLOB_LIBRARY) extern int glob_dot_filenames; register int i; char *temp, **return_value; glob_t filenames; int glob_flags; temp = quote_string_for_globbing (pathname, 0); filenames.gl_offs = 0; glob_flags = glob_dot_filenames ? GLOB_PERIOD : 0; glob_flags |= (GLOB_ERR | GLOB_DOOFFS); i = glob (temp, glob_flags, (Function *)NULL, &filenames); free (temp); if (i == GLOB_NOSPACE || i == GLOB_ABEND) return ((char **)NULL); if (i == GLOB_NOMATCH) filenames.gl_pathv[0] = (char *)NULL; return (filenames.gl_pathv); #else /* !USE_POSIX_GLOB_LIBRARY */ char *temp, **results; noglob_dot_filenames = !glob_dot_filenames; temp = quote_string_for_globbing (pathname, 0); results = glob_filename (temp); free (temp); if (results && !(GLOB_FAILED(results))) sort_char_array (results); return (results); #endif /* !USE_POSIX_GLOB_LIBRARY */ } /************************************************* * * * Functions to manage special variables * * * *************************************************/ /* An alist of name.function for each special variable. Most of the functions don't do much, and in fact, this would be faster with a switch statement, but by the end of this file, I am sick of switch statements. */ /* The functions that get called. */ void sv_path (), sv_mail (), sv_uids (), sv_ignoreeof (), sv_glob_dot_filenames (), sv_nolinks (), sv_noclobber (), sv_allow_null_glob_expansion (), sv_strict_posix (); #if defined (READLINE) void sv_terminal (), sv_hostname_completion_file (); #endif #if defined (HISTORY) void sv_histsize (), sv_histfilesize (), sv_histchars (), sv_history_control (), sv_command_oriented_history (); #endif /* HISTORY */ #if defined (GETOPTS_BUILTIN) void sv_optind (), sv_opterr (); #endif /* GETOPTS_BUILTIN */ #if defined (JOB_CONTROL) void sv_notify (); #endif #define SET_INT_VAR(name, intvar) intvar = find_variable (name) != 0 struct name_and_function { char *name; VFunction *function; } special_vars[] = { { "PATH", sv_path }, { "MAIL", sv_mail }, { "MAILPATH", sv_mail }, { "MAILCHECK", sv_mail }, { "POSIXLY_CORRECT", sv_strict_posix }, { "POSIX_PEDANTIC", sv_strict_posix }, /* Variables which only do something special when READLINE is defined. */ #if defined (READLINE) { "TERM", sv_terminal }, { "TERMCAP", sv_terminal }, { "TERMINFO", sv_terminal }, { "hostname_completion_file", sv_hostname_completion_file }, { "HOSTFILE", sv_hostname_completion_file }, #endif /* READLINE */ /* Variables which only do something special when HISTORY is defined. */ #if defined (HISTORY) { "HISTSIZE", sv_histsize }, { "HISTFILESIZE", sv_histfilesize }, { "command_oriented_history", sv_command_oriented_history }, { "histchars", sv_histchars }, { "history_control", sv_history_control }, { "HISTCONTROL", sv_history_control }, #endif /* HISTORY */ { "EUID", sv_uids}, { "UID", sv_uids}, { "IGNOREEOF", sv_ignoreeof }, { "ignoreeof", sv_ignoreeof }, #if defined (GETOPTS_BUILTIN) { "OPTIND", sv_optind }, { "OPTERR", sv_opterr }, #endif /* GETOPTS_BUILTIN */ #if defined (JOB_CONTROL) { "notify", sv_notify }, #endif /* JOB_CONTROL */ { "glob_dot_filenames", sv_glob_dot_filenames }, { "allow_null_glob_expansion", sv_allow_null_glob_expansion }, { "noclobber", sv_noclobber }, { "nolinks", sv_nolinks }, { (char *)0x00, (VFunction *)0x00 } }; /* The variable in NAME has just had its state changed. Check to see if it is one of the special ones where something special happens. */ void stupidly_hack_special_variables (name) char *name; { int i = 0; while (special_vars[i].name) { if (STREQ (special_vars[i].name, name)) { (*(special_vars[i].function)) (name); return; } i++; } } /* Set/unset noclobber. */ void sv_noclobber (name) char *name; { SET_INT_VAR (name, noclobber); } /* What to do just after the PATH variable has changed. */ void sv_path (name) char *name; { /* hash -r */ WORD_LIST *args; args = make_word_list (make_word ("-r"), NULL); hash_builtin (args); dispose_words (args); } /* What to do just after one of the MAILxxxx variables has changed. NAME is the name of the variable. This is called with NAME set to one of MAIL, MAILCHECK, or MAILPATH. */ void sv_mail (name) char *name; { /* If the time interval for checking the files has changed, then reset the mail timer. Otherwise, one of the pathname vars to the users mailbox has changed, so rebuild the array of filenames. */ if (name[4] == 'C') /* if (strcmp (name, "MAILCHECK") == 0) */ reset_mail_timer (); else { free_mail_files (); remember_mail_dates (); } } #if defined (READLINE) /* What to do just after one of the TERMxxx variables has changed. If we are an interactive shell, then try to reset the terminal information in readline. */ void sv_terminal (name) char *name; { if (interactive_shell && !no_line_editing) rl_reset_terminal (get_string_value ("TERM")); } void sv_hostname_completion_file (name) char *name; { hostname_list_initialized = 0; } #endif /* READLINE */ #if defined (HISTORY) /* What to do after the HISTSIZE variable changes. If there is a value for this variable (and it is numeric), then stifle the history. Otherwise, if there is NO value for this variable, unstifle the history. */ void sv_histsize (name) char *name; { char *temp = get_string_value (name); if (temp && *temp) { int num; if (sscanf (temp, "%d", &num) == 1) { stifle_history (num); if (history_lines_this_session > where_history ()) history_lines_this_session = where_history (); } } else unstifle_history (); } /* What to do if the HISTFILESIZE variable changes. */ void sv_histfilesize (name) char *name; { char *temp = get_string_value (name); if (temp && *temp) { int num; if (sscanf (temp, "%d", &num) == 1) { history_truncate_file (get_string_value ("HISTFILE"), num); if (num <= history_lines_in_file) history_lines_in_file = num; } } } /* What to do after the HISTORY_CONTROL variable changes. */ void sv_history_control (name) char *name; { char *temp = get_string_value (name); history_control = 0; if (temp && *temp) { if (strcmp (temp, "ignorespace") == 0) history_control = 1; else if (strcmp (temp, "ignoredups") == 0) history_control = 2; else if (strcmp (temp, "ignoreboth") == 0) history_control = 3; } } /* What to do after the COMMAND_ORIENTED_HISTORY variable changes. */ void sv_command_oriented_history (name) char *name; { SET_INT_VAR (name, command_oriented_history); } /* Setting/unsetting of the history expansion character. */ void sv_histchars (name) char *name; { char *temp = get_string_value (name); if (temp) { history_expansion_char = *temp; if (temp[0] && temp[1]) { history_subst_char = temp[1]; if (temp[2]) history_comment_char = temp[2]; } } else { history_expansion_char = '!'; history_subst_char = '^'; history_comment_char = '#'; } } #endif /* HISTORY */ void sv_allow_null_glob_expansion (name) char *name; { SET_INT_VAR (name, allow_null_glob_expansion); } /* If the variable exists, then the value of it can be the number of times we actually ignore the EOF. The default is small, (smaller than csh, anyway). */ void sv_ignoreeof (name) char *name; { SHELL_VAR *tmp_var; char *temp; int new_limit; eof_encountered = 0; tmp_var = find_variable (name); ignoreeof = tmp_var != 0; temp = tmp_var ? value_cell (tmp_var) : (char *)NULL; if (temp) { if (sscanf (temp, "%d", &new_limit) == 1) eof_encountered_limit = new_limit; else eof_encountered_limit = 10; /* csh uses 26. */ } } /* Control whether * matches .files in globbing. Yechh. */ int glob_dot_filenames = 0; void sv_glob_dot_filenames (name) char *name; { SET_INT_VAR (name, glob_dot_filenames); } #if defined (JOB_CONTROL) /* Job notification feature desired? */ void sv_notify (name) char *name; { SET_INT_VAR (name, asynchronous_notification); } #endif /* JOB_CONTROL */ /* If the variable `nolinks' exists, it specifies that symbolic links are not to be followed in `cd' commands. */ void sv_nolinks (name) char *name; { SET_INT_VAR (name, no_symbolic_links); } /* Don't let users hack the user id variables. */ void sv_uids (name) char *name; { char *buff; register SHELL_VAR *v; buff = itos (current_user.uid); v = find_variable ("UID"); if (v) v->attributes &= ~att_readonly; v = bind_variable ("UID", buff); v->attributes |= (att_readonly | att_integer); free (buff); buff = itos (current_user.euid); v = find_variable ("EUID"); if (v) v->attributes &= ~att_readonly; v = bind_variable ("EUID", buff); v->attributes |= (att_readonly | att_integer); free (buff); } #if defined (GETOPTS_BUILTIN) void sv_optind (name) char *name; { char *tt = get_string_value ("OPTIND"); int s = 0; if (tt && *tt) { s = atoi (tt); /* According to POSIX, setting OPTIND=1 resets the internal state of getopt (). */ if (s < 0 || s == 1) s = 0; } getopts_reset (s); } void sv_opterr (name) char *name; { char *tt = get_string_value ("OPTERR"); int s = 1; if (tt && *tt) s = atoi (tt); opterr = s; } #endif /* GETOPTS_BUILTIN */ void sv_strict_posix (name) char *name; { SET_INT_VAR (name, posixly_correct); if (posixly_correct) interactive_comments = 1; #if defined (READLINE) posix_readline_initialize (posixly_correct); #endif /* READLINE */ } bash-1.14.3/subst.h 664 436 0 20010 5505133466 12204 0ustar chetwheel/* subst.h -- Names of externally visible functions in subst.c. */ /* Copyright (C) 1993 Free Software Foundation, Inc. This file is part of GNU Bash, the Bourne Again SHell. Bash is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option) any later version. Bash is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details. You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with Bash; see the file COPYING. If not, write to the Free Software Foundation, 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. */ #if !defined (_SUBST_H_) #define _SUBST_H_ #include "stdc.h" /* Cons a new string from STRING starting at START and ending at END, not including END. */ extern char *substring __P((char *, int, int)); /* Remove backslashes which are quoting backquotes from STRING. Modifies STRING, and returns a pointer to it. */ extern char * de_backslash __P((char *)); /* Replace instances of \! in a string with !. */ extern void unquote_bang __P((char *)); /* Extract the $( construct in STRING, and return a new string. Start extracting at (SINDEX) as if we had just seen "$(". Make (SINDEX) get the position just after the matching ")". */ extern char *extract_command_subst __P((char *, int *)); /* Extract the $[ construct in STRING, and return a new string. Start extracting at (SINDEX) as if we had just seen "$[". Make (SINDEX) get the position just after the matching "]". */ extern char *extract_arithmetic_subst __P((char *, int *)); #if defined (PROCESS_SUBSTITUTION) /* Extract the <( or >( construct in STRING, and return a new string. Start extracting at (SINDEX) as if we had just seen "<(". Make (SINDEX) get the position just after the matching ")". */ extern char *extract_process_subst __P((char *, char *, int *)); #endif /* PROCESS_SUBSTITUTION */ /* Extract the name of the variable to bind to from the assignment string. */ extern char *assignment_name __P((char *)); /* Return a single string of all the words present in LIST, separating each word with a space. */ extern char *string_list __P((WORD_LIST *)); /* Return a single string of all the words present in LIST, obeying the quoting rules for "$*", to wit: (P1003.2, draft 11, 3.5.2) "If the expansion [of $*] appears within a double quoted string, it expands to a single field with the value of each parameter separated by the first character of the IFS variable, or by a if IFS is unset." */ extern char *string_list_dollar_star __P((WORD_LIST *)); /* Perform quoted null character removal on each element of LIST. This modifies LIST. */ extern void word_list_remove_quoted_nulls __P((WORD_LIST *)); /* This performs word splitting and quoted null character removal on STRING. */ extern WORD_LIST *list_string __P((char *, char *, int)); extern char *get_word_from_string __P((char **, char *, char **)); /* Given STRING, an assignment string, get the value of the right side of the `=', and bind it to the left side. If EXPAND is true, then perform parameter expansion, command substitution, and arithmetic expansion on the right-hand side. Perform tilde expansion in any case. Do not perform word splitting on the result of expansion. */ extern int do_assignment __P((char *)); extern int do_assignment_no_expand __P((char *)); /* Append SOURCE to TARGET at INDEX. SIZE is the current amount of space allocated to TARGET. SOURCE can be NULL, in which case nothing happens. Gets rid of SOURCE by free ()ing it. Returns TARGET in case the location has changed. */ extern char *sub_append_string __P((char *, char *, int *, int *)); /* Append the textual representation of NUMBER to TARGET. INDEX and SIZE are as in SUB_APPEND_STRING. */ extern char *sub_append_number __P((int, char *, int *, int *)); /* Return the word list that corresponds to `$*'. */ extern WORD_LIST *list_rest_of_args __P((void)); /* Make a single large string out of the dollar digit variables, and the rest_of_args. If DOLLAR_STAR is 1, then obey the special case of "$*" with respect to IFS. */ extern char *string_rest_of_args __P((int)); /* Expand STRING by performing parameter expansion, command substitution, and arithmetic expansion. Dequote the resulting WORD_LIST before returning it, but do not perform word splitting. The call to remove_quoted_nulls () is in here because word splitting normally takes care of quote removal. */ extern WORD_LIST *expand_string_unsplit __P((char *, int)); /* Expand STRING just as if you were expanding a word. This also returns a list of words. Note that filename globbing is *NOT* done for word or string expansion, just when the shell is expanding a command. This does parameter expansion, command substitution, arithmetic expansion, and word splitting. Dequote the resultant WORD_LIST before returning. */ extern WORD_LIST *expand_string __P((char *, int)); /* De-quoted quoted characters in STRING. */ extern char *dequote_string __P((char *)); /* Expand WORD, performing word splitting on the result. This does parameter expansion, command substitution, arithmetic expansion, word splitting, and quote removal. */ extern WORD_LIST *expand_word __P((WORD_DESC *, int)); /* Expand WORD, but do not perform word splitting on the result. This does parameter expansion, command substitution, arithmetic expansion, and quote removal. */ extern WORD_LIST *expand_word_no_split __P((WORD_DESC *, int)); extern WORD_LIST *expand_word_leave_quoted __P((WORD_DESC *, int)); /* Return the value of a positional parameter. This handles values > 10. */ extern char *get_dollar_var_value __P((int)); /* Perform quote removal on STRING. If QUOTED > 0, assume we are obeying the backslash quoting rules for within double quotes. */ extern char *string_quote_removal __P((char *, int)); /* Perform quote removal on word WORD. This allocates and returns a new WORD_DESC *. */ extern WORD_DESC *word_quote_removal __P((WORD_DESC *, int)); /* Perform quote removal on all words in LIST. If QUOTED is non-zero, the members of the list are treated as if they are surrounded by double quotes. Return a new list, or NULL if LIST is NULL. */ extern WORD_LIST *word_list_quote_removal __P((WORD_LIST *, int)); /* This splits a single word into a WORD LIST on $IFS, but only if the word is not quoted. list_string () performs quote removal for us, even if we don't do any splitting. */ extern WORD_LIST *word_split __P((WORD_DESC *)); /* Take the list of words in LIST and do the various substitutions. Return a new list of words which is the expanded list, and without things like variable assignments. */ extern WORD_LIST *expand_words __P((WORD_LIST *)); /* Same as expand_words (), but doesn't hack variable or environment variables. */ extern WORD_LIST *expand_words_no_vars __P((WORD_LIST *)); /* PATHNAME can contain characters prefixed by CTLESC;; this indicates that the character is to be quoted. We quote it here in the style that the glob library recognizes. If CONVERT_QUOTED_NULLS is non-zero, we change quoted null strings (pathname[0] == CTLNUL) into empty strings (pathname[0] == 0). If this is called after quote removal is performed, CONVERT_QUOTED_NULLS should be 0; if called when quote removal has not been done (for example, before attempting to match a pattern while executing a case statement), CONVERT_QUOTED_NULLS should be 1. */ extern char *quote_string_for_globbing __P((char *, int)); /* Call the glob library to do globbing on PATHNAME. */ extern char **shell_glob_filename __P((char *)); /* The variable in NAME has just had its state changed. Check to see if it is one of the special ones where something special happens. */ extern void stupidly_hack_special_variables __P((char *)); #endif /* !_SUBST_H_ */ bash-1.14.3/support/ 775 436 0 0 5701347471 12317 5ustar chetwheelbash-1.14.3/support/cat-s 664 436 0 367 5020531165 13304 0ustar chetwheel# This awk script is called from within Makefile to strip multiple blank # lines from stdin. BEGIN { newlines = 0 } { if (NF == 0) newlines = 1; else { if (newlines) { printf "\n"; newlines = 0; } print $0; } } bash-1.14.3/support/mksysdefs 755 436 0 26731 5670674222 14366 0ustar chetwheel#!/bin/sh # # This file creates a file called "sysdefs.h" which contains CPP defines # helping to describe the operating system features. We just take guesses # by looking at random files. # Removes any inherited definitions. SYSDEF= MAKE_ANSI= while [ $# -gt 0 ]; do case "$1" in -s) shift; srcdir=$1; shift ;; -i) shift; incdir="$1"; shift ;; -A) shift; MAKE_ANSI=true ;; *) break ;; esac done if [ -n "$1" ]; then sysdefs=$1 else sysdefs=./sysdefs.h fi if [ -z "$srcdir" ]; then srcdir=. fi rm -f $sysdefs echo "/* sysdefs.h -- #defines for your system created by $0." >>$sysdefs echo " Do NOT EDIT this file, since any changes will disappear." >>$sysdefs echo " Instead, edit $0, or config.h, or machines.h. */" >>$sysdefs echo "" >>$sysdefs echo "#if !defined (_SYSDEFS_H_)" >>$sysdefs echo "# define _SYSDEFS_H_" >>$sysdefs # was if [ -f /usr/bin/uname ] || [ -f /bin/uname ] if ( uname >/dev/null 2>&1 ) 2>/dev/null then UNAME=`uname` UNAME_R=`uname -r 2>/dev/null` UNAME_M=`uname -m 2>/dev/null` UNAME_V=`uname -v 2>/dev/null` UNAME_S=`uname -s 2>/dev/null` RELEASE=`expr "$UNAME_R" : '[^0-9]*\([0-9]*\)'` RELEASE=`expr "$RELEASE" + 0` LEVEL=`expr "$UNAME_R" : '[^0-9]*[0-9]*.\([0-9]*\)'` fi # check for versions of SunOS case "${UNAME}${RELEASE}" in SunOS4*) SYSDEF=SunOS4 ;; SunOS5*) SYSDEF=SunOS5 ;; esac # Test for NeXT if [ -d /NextLibrary ]; then MAKE_ANSI=true fi # Intel Paragon case "$UNAME_M" in paragon) MAKE_ANSI=true ;; esac # Test for shared libraries (this is pretty sVr4ish). if [ -f /usr/ccs/lib/libc.so ]; then SYSDEF=USGr4 fi # Some versions of i386 SVR4.2 make `uname' equivalent to `uname -n', which # is contrary to all other versions of uname if [ -n "$UNAME" ] && [ "$UNAME_S" != "$UNAME" ] && [ "$UNAME_S" = UNIX_SV ]; then UNAME=UNIX_SV fi # another check for SVR4 on 386 or 486 machines case "${UNAME_M}:${UNAME}:${UNAME_R}" in i[34]86:UNIX_SV:4.*) SYSDEF=USGr4 ;; esac # A check for Mips RISCos case "$UNAME_V" in UMIPS|RISCos) SYSDEF=RISCos_${RELEASE}_${LEVEL} ;; esac # Look for an error message when trying to exec bison. If we find # what we're looking for, then we don't have it. If we get something # else (like an error message about no grammar file), then we have # it. HAVE_BISON= if ( cd /tmp ; bison /dev/null 2>&1 >/dev/null | grep 'no input grammar' >/dev/null 2>&1 ) 2>/dev/null then HAVE_BISON=yes fi # Try to locate ranlib. I think this is a bad idea. if [ -f /usr/bin/ranlib ]; then RANLIB_LOCATION=/usr/bin/ranlib; elif [ -f /bin/ranlib ]; then RANLIB_LOCATION=/bin/ranlib; elif [ -f /usr/local/bin/ranlib ]; then RANLIB_LOCATION=/usr/local/bin/ranlib; elif [ -f /usr/local/gnubin/ranlib ]; then RANLIB_LOCATION=/usr/local/gnubin/ranlib; fi if [ -n "${RANLIB_LOCATION}" ]; then echo "" >>$sysdefs echo "#if !defined (RANLIB_LOCATION)" >>$sysdefs echo "# define RANLIB_LOCATION ${RANLIB_LOCATION}" >>$sysdefs echo "#endif /* RANLIB_LOCATION */" >>$sysdefs fi # # Is this a Xenix system? # if [ -f /xenix ]; then SYSDEF="Xenix" case "`/bin/uname -p`" in *286) SYSDEF="Xenix286" ;; *386) SYSDEF="Xenix386" ;; esac # make sure that `i386' is defined for machines.h if [ "$SYSDEF" = "Xenix386" ]; then echo "" >>$sysdefs echo "#if !defined (i386)" >>$sysdefs echo "# define i386" >>$sysdefs echo "#endif /* !i386 */" >>$sysdefs fi # Pass the release number of the OS through to the machine descriptions # in machines.h. if [ -f /etc/perms/soft ]; then rel=`grep rel= /etc/perms/soft` case "$rel" in *2.2.*) XREL=XENIX_22 ;; *2.3.*) XREL=XENIX_23 ;; *3.2.*) XREL=XENIX_32 ;; *) XREL= ;; esac if [ "$XREL" ]; then echo "" >>$sysdefs echo "#if !defined ($XREL)" >>$sysdefs echo "# define $XREL" >>$sysdefs echo "#endif /* !$XREL */" >>$sysdefs fi fi fi # # Is this some kind of Sys Vish system? # if [ -f /unix ]; then if [ -d /generic ]; then # This is an AIX system. SYSDEF="aixpc" MAKE_ANSI=true elif [ -d /etc/conf/kconfig.d ] && [ -f /usr/include/sys/limits.h ]; then SYSDEF="isc386" # This is a 386 running ISC? ISCREL="ISC_$RELEASE" echo "#if !defined ($ISCREL)" >>$sysdefs echo "# define $ISCREL" >>$sysdefs echo "#endif /* $ISCREL */" >>$sysdefs elif [ -f /etc/xlc.cfg ]; then if fgrep _IBMR2 /etc/xlc.cfg >/dev/null 2>&1; then SYSDEF=RISC6000 MAKE_ANSI=true fi elif [ -f /bin/4d -a -f /bin/uname ]; then case "$UNAME_R" in 3.*) SYSDEF="Irix3" ;; 4.*) SYSDEF="Irix4" ;; 5.*) SYSDEF="Irix5" ;; *) SYSDEF="Irix3" ;; esac elif [ -d /usr/amiga ]; then SYSDEF="amiga" # An Amiga running V.4. elif [ -f /bin/fxc.info ]; then SYSDEF="alliant" fi fi # Is this a Unicos system? if [ -f /unicos ]; then MAKE_ANSI=true UnicosMachine= # Test for the variaous flavors of Cray machines. if [ -x /bin/cray1 ] && /bin/cray1 2>/dev/null; then UnicosMachine=Cray1 fi if [ -x /bin/cray2 ] && /bin/cray2 2>/dev/null; then UnicosMachine=Cray2 fi if [ -x /bin/crayxmp ] && /bin/crayxmp 2>/dev/null; then UnicosMachine=CrayXMP fi if [ -x /bin/crayymp ] && /bin/crayymp 2>/dev/null; then UnicosMachine=CrayYMP fi if [ "$UnicosMachine" ]; then echo "#if !defined ($UnicosMachine)" >>$sysdefs echo "# define $UnicosMachine" >>$sysdefs echo "#endif /* !$UnicosMachine */" >>$sysdefs fi fi # Is this (and what kind of) a HPUX system? if [ -f /hp-ux ]; then SYSDEF=HPUX_${RELEASE} if [ "$RELEASE" = 6 -a "$LEVEL" -lt 2 ]; then SYSDEF=HPUX_USG fi fi if [ "$SYSDEF" = "" ]; then case "$UNAME_M" in ESA) SYSDEF=AIXESA ;; XD88*) SYSDEF=XD88 ;; M88100) SYSDEF=M88100 ;; # Motorola Delta 88K esac fi # What release of SCO Unix is this? if [ "$SYSDEF" = "" -a -f /bin/uname ]; then case `/bin/uname -X 2>/dev/null | grep '^Release' 2>/dev/null` in *3.2v4.*) SYSDEF=SCOv4 ;; *) SYSDEF=SCO ;; esac fi # # Default to cadmus for unknown SysVish systems # if [ -f /unix ] && [ "$SYSDEF" = "" ]; then SYSDEF="cadmus" fi if [ "$SYSDEF" != "" ]; then echo "" >>$sysdefs echo "#if !defined ($SYSDEF)" >>$sysdefs echo "# define $SYSDEF" >>$sysdefs echo "#endif /* $SYSDEF */" >>$sysdefs fi # Now look for certain include files in a list of directories # Poor substitute for autoconf # Add any other directories where include files are found to this list or # create another case if [ -n "$incdir" ]; then dirlist="$incdir" else case "$SYSDEF" in RISCos*) dirlist="/bsd43/usr/include";; *) dirlist="/usr/include /usr/include/bsd /usr/include/ansi" ;; esac fi # Code fragment to be executed to find a particular include file. Make sure # to set `file' to the pathname of the file you want, relative to /usr/include, # before calling `eval $findf'. findf=" found=''; for d in \$dirlist; do if test -f \$d/\$file; then found=yes; break; fi; done " found= file=sys/stream.h eval $findf if [ -n "$found" ]; then echo "" >>$sysdefs echo "#if !defined (HAVE_SYS_STREAM_H)" >>$sysdefs echo "# define HAVE_SYS_STREAM_H" >>$sysdefs echo "#endif /* HAVE_SYS_STREAM_H */" >>$sysdefs fi found= file=sys/ptem.h eval $findf if [ -n "$found" ]; then echo "" >>$sysdefs echo "#if !defined (HAVE_SYS_PTEM_H)" >>$sysdefs echo "# define HAVE_SYS_PTEM_H" >>$sysdefs echo "#endif /* HAVE_SYS_PTEM_H */" >>$sysdefs fi file=sys/pte.h eval $findf if [ -n "$found" ]; then echo "" >>$sysdefs echo "#if !defined (HAVE_SYS_PTE_H)" >>$sysdefs echo "# define HAVE_SYS_PTE_H" >>$sysdefs echo "#endif /* HAVE_SYS_PTE_H */" >>$sysdefs fi file=sys/wait.h eval $findf if [ -n "$found" ]; then echo "" >>$sysdefs echo "#if !defined (HAVE_WAIT_H)" >>$sysdefs echo "# define HAVE_WAIT_H" >>$sysdefs echo "#endif /* HAVE_WAIT_H */" >>$sysdefs fi file=sys/resource.h eval $findf if [ -n "$found" ]; then echo "" >>$sysdefs echo "#if !defined (HAVE_RESOURCE)" >>$sysdefs echo "# define HAVE_RESOURCE" >>$sysdefs echo "#endif /* HAVE_RESOURCE */" >>$sysdefs fi file=sys/param.h eval $findf if [ -n "$found" ]; then echo "" >>$sysdefs echo "#if !defined (HAVE_SYS_PARAM)" >>$sysdefs echo "# define HAVE_SYS_PARAM" >>$sysdefs echo "#endif /* HAVE_SYS_PARAM */" >>$sysdefs fi file=unistd.h eval $findf if [ -n "$found" ]; then echo "" >>$sysdefs echo "#if !defined (HAVE_UNISTD_H)" >>$sysdefs echo "# define HAVE_UNISTD_H" >>$sysdefs echo "#endif /* HAVE_UNISTD_H */" >>$sysdefs fi file=stdlib.h eval $findf if [ -n "$found" ]; then echo "" >>$sysdefs echo "#if !defined (HAVE_STDLIB_H)" >>$sysdefs echo "# define HAVE_STDLIB_H" >>$sysdefs echo "#endif /* HAVE_STDLIB_H */" >>$sysdefs fi file=limits.h eval $findf if [ -n "$found" ]; then echo "" >>$sysdefs echo "#if !defined (HAVE_LIMITS_H)" >>$sysdefs echo "# define HAVE_LIMITS_H" >>$sysdefs echo "#endif /* HAVE_LIMITS_H */" >>$sysdefs fi file=alloca.h eval $findf if [ -f /usr/include/alloca.h ]; then echo "" >>$sysdefs echo "#if !defined (HAVE_ALLOCA_H)" >>$sysdefs echo "# define HAVE_ALLOCA_H" >>$sysdefs echo "#endif /* HAVE_ALLOCA_H */" >>$sysdefs fi file=dirent.h eval $findf if [ -n "$found" ]; then echo "" >>$sysdefs echo "#if !defined (HAVE_DIRENT_H)" >>$sysdefs echo "# define HAVE_DIRENT_H" >>$sysdefs echo "#endif /* HAVE_DIRENT_H */" >>$sysdefs fi file=string.h eval $findf if [ -n "$found" ]; then echo "" >>$sysdefs echo "#if !defined (HAVE_STRING_H)" >>$sysdefs echo "# define HAVE_STRING_H" >>$sysdefs echo "#endif /* HAVE_STRING_H */" >>$sysdefs fi file=varargs.h eval $findf if [ -n "$found" ]; then echo "" >>$sysdefs echo "#if !defined (HAVE_VARARGS_H)" >>$sysdefs echo "# define HAVE_VARARGS_H" >>$sysdefs echo "#endif /* HAVE_VARARGS_H */" >>$sysdefs fi # Does the system have a /dev/fd directory? if [ -d /dev/fd ]; then echo "" >>$sysdefs echo "#if !defined (HAVE_DEV_FD)" >>$sysdefs echo "# define HAVE_DEV_FD" >>$sysdefs echo "#endif /* HAVE_DEV_FD */" >>$sysdefs fi # Is this SVR4.2? It's subtly different from USGr4 if [ "$UNAME" = "UNIX_SV" ] && [ "$UNAME_R" = "4.2" ]; then echo "" >>$sysdefs echo "#if !defined (USGr4_2)" >>$sysdefs echo "# define USGr4_2" >>$sysdefs echo "#endif /* USGr4_2 */" >>$sysdefs fi # Is this AIX PS/2 1.3? Yuck. if [ "$UNAME" = "AIX" ] && [ "$UNAME_V" = "1" ] && [ "$RELEASE" = "3" ]; then case "$UNAME_M" in i386|i486) echo "" >>$sysdefs echo "#if !defined (AIX_13)" >>$sysdefs echo "# define AIX_13" >>$sysdefs echo "#endif /* AIX_13 */" >>$sysdefs ;; esac fi if [ -n "$HAVE_BISON" ]; then echo "" >>$sysdefs echo "#if !defined (HAVE_BISON)" >>$sysdefs echo "# define HAVE_BISON" >>$sysdefs echo "#endif /* HAVE_BISON */" >>$sysdefs fi # Functions to test for a la autoconf # getwd # getcwd # strchr # strcasecmp # getgroups # setlinebuf # strerror # vfprintf # bcopy # getdtablesize # setdtablesize # alloca # gethostname # memmove (missing) # mkfifo (missing) # # Other things to test # opendir robustness # dup2 working # void sighandler # sys_siglist[] # uid_t, gid_t # have_getpw_decls # reversed setvbuf args # int getgroups # If this system's cpp might not like `/**/#' in cpp-Makefile, make an # alternate ansi-style cpp-Makefile. if [ -n "$MAKE_ANSI" ]; then grep -v '/\*\*/' ${srcdir}/cpp-Makefile >ansi-Makefile fi # These should be the last 2 lines in this file! echo "" >>$sysdefs echo "#endif /* _SYSDEFS_H_ */" >>$sysdefs bash-1.14.3/support/getcppsyms.c 644 436 0 23544 5621056266 14767 0ustar chetwheel/* getcppsyms.c - Find unique compiler symbols. */ /* Copyright (C) 1993 Free Software Foundation, Inc. This file is part of GNU Bash, the Bourne Again SHell. Bash is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option) any later version. Bash is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details. You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with Bash; see the file COPYING. If not, write to the Free Software Foundation, 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. */ /* Some cpp's do not define any symbols, but instead let /bin/cc do it for them. For such machines, running this file may prove useful. It outputs the list of symbols which /bin/cc or /lib/cpp define and which we had the foresight to guess at. */ #include main () { #if defined (__BSD_4_4__) printf ("-D__BSD_4_4__"); #endif /* __BSD_4_4__ */ #if defined (CMU) printf (" -DCMU"); #endif /* CMU */ #if defined (_COFF) printf (" -D_COFF"); #endif /* _COFF */ #if defined (DGUX) printf (" -DDGUX"); #endif /* DGUX */ #if defined (GOULD_PN) printf (" -DGOULD_PN"); #endif /* GOULD_PN */ #if defined (MACH) printf (" -DMACH"); #endif /* MACH */ #if defined (MIPSEB) printf (" -DMIPSEB"); #endif /* MIPSEB */ #if defined (MIPSEL) printf (" -DMIPSEL"); #endif /* MIPSEL */ #if defined (MULTIMAX) printf (" -DMULTIMAX"); #endif /* MULTIMAX */ #if defined (M_UNIX) printf (" -DM_UNIX"); #endif /* M_UNIX */ #if defined (M_XENIX) printf (" -DM_XENIX"); #endif /* M_XENIX */ #if defined (_M_XENIX) printf (" -D_M_XENIX"); #endif /* _M_XENIX */ #if defined (NeXT) printf (" -DNeXT"); #endif /* NeXT */ #if defined (__PARAGON__) printf (" -D__PARAGON__"); #endif /* __PARAGON__ */ #if defined (_PGC_) printf (" -D_PGC_"); #endif /* _PGC_ */ #if defined (__PGC__) printf (" -D__PGC__"); #endif /* __PGC__ */ #if defined (RES) printf (" -DRES"); #endif /* RES */ #if defined (RISC6000) printf (" -DRISC6000"); #endif /* RISC6000 */ #if defined (RT) printf (" -DRT"); #endif /* RT */ #if defined (SYSTYPE_BSD) printf (" -DSYSTYPE_BSD"); #endif /* SYSTYPE_BSD */ #if defined (SYSTYPE_SYSV) printf (" -DSYSTYPE_SYSV"); #endif /* SYSTYPE_SYSV */ #if defined (Sun386i) printf (" -DSun386i"); #endif /* Sun386i */ #if defined (Tek4132) printf (" -DTek4132"); #endif /* Tek4132 */ #if defined (Tek4300) printf (" -DTek4300"); #endif /* Tek4300 */ #if defined (UMAXV) printf (" -DUMAXV"); #endif /* UMAXV */ #if defined (USGr4) printf (" -DUSGr4"); #endif /* USGr4 */ #if defined (USGr4_2) printf (" -DUSGr4_2"); #endif /* USGr4_2 */ #if defined (__SVR4_2__) printf (" -D__SVR4_2__"); #endif /* __SVR4_2__ */ #if defined (Xenix286) printf (" -DXenix286"); #endif /* Xenix286 */ #if defined (_AIX) printf (" -D_AIX"); #endif /* _AIX */ #if defined (_AIX370) printf (" -D_AIX370"); #endif /* _AIX370 */ #if defined (_IBMESA) printf (" -D_IBMESA"); #endif /* _IBMESA */ #if defined (__ibmesa) printf (" -D__ibmesa"); #endif /* __ibmesa */ #if defined (_U370) printf (" -D_U370"); #endif /* _U370 */ #if defined (_NLS) printf (" -D_NLS"); #endif /* _NLS */ #if defined (_CX_UX) printf (" -D_CX_UX"); #endif /* _CX_UX */ #if defined (_IBMR2) printf (" -D_IBMR2"); #endif /* _IBMR2 */ #if defined (_M88K) printf (" -D_M88K"); #endif /* _M88K */ #if defined (_M88KBCS_TARGET) printf (" -D_M88KBCS_TARGET"); #endif /* _M88KBCS_TARGET */ #if defined (__DGUX__) printf (" -D__DGUX__"); #endif /* __DGUX__ */ #if defined (__UMAXV__) printf (" -D__UMAXV__"); #endif /* __UMAXV__ */ #if defined (__m88k) printf (" -D__m88k"); #endif /* __m88k */ #if defined (__uxpm__) printf (" -DUSGr4 -Du370 -D__uxpm__"); #endif /* __uxpm__ */ #if defined (__uxps__) printf (" -D__svr4__ -D__uxps__"); #endif /* __uxps__ */ #if defined (alliant) printf (" -Dalliant"); #endif /* alliant */ #if defined (alpha) printf (" -Dalpha"); #endif /* alpha */ #if defined (__alpha) printf (" -D__alpha"); #endif /* __alpha */ #if defined (aix) printf (" -Daix"); #endif /* aix */ #if defined (aixpc) printf (" -Daixpc"); #endif /* aixpc */ #if defined (apollo) printf (" -Dapollo"); #endif /* apollo */ #if defined (ardent) printf (" -Dardent"); #endif /* ardent */ #if defined (att386) printf (" -Datt386"); #endif /* att386 */ #if defined (att3b) printf (" -Datt3b"); #endif /* att3b */ #if defined (bsd4_2) printf (" -Dbsd4_2"); #endif /* bsd4_2 */ #if defined (bsd4_3) printf (" -Dbsd4_3"); #endif /* bsd4_3 */ #if defined (__bsdi__) printf (" -D__bsdi__"); #endif /* __bsdi__ */ #if defined (bsdi) printf (" -Dbsdi"); #endif /* bsdi */ #if defined (__386BSD__) printf (" -D__386BSD__"); #endif /* __386BSD__ */ #if defined (cadmus) printf (" -Dcadmus"); #endif /* cadmus */ #if defined (clipper) printf (" -Dclipper"); #endif /* clipper */ #if defined (concurrent) printf (" -Dconcurrent"); #endif /* concurrent */ #if defined (convex) || defined (__convex__) || defined (__convexc__) # if !defined (__GNUC__) printf (" -pcc"); # endif /* !__GNUC__ */ printf (" -Dconvex"); #endif /* convex */ #if defined (dmert) printf (" -Ddmert"); #endif /* dmert */ #if defined (gcos) printf (" -Dgcos"); #endif /* gcos */ #if defined (gcx) printf (" -Dgcx"); #endif /* gcx */ #if defined (gould) printf (" -Dgould"); #endif /* gould */ #if defined (hbullx20) printf (" -Dhbullx20"); #endif /* hbullx20 */ #if defined (hcx) printf (" -Dhcx"); #endif /* hcx */ #if defined (host_mips) printf (" -Dhost_mips"); #endif /* host_mips */ #if defined (hp9000) || defined (__hp9000) printf (" -Dhp9000"); #endif /* hp9000 || __hp9000 */ #if defined (hp9000s200) || defined (__hp9000s200) printf (" -Dhp9000s200"); #endif /* hp9000s200 || __hp9000s200 */ #if defined (hp9000s300) || defined (__hp9000s300) printf (" -Dhp9000s300"); #endif /* hp9000s300 || __hp9000s300 */ #if defined (hp9000s500) || defined (__hp9000s500) printf (" -Dhp9000s500"); #endif /* hp9000s500 || __hp9000s500 */ #if defined (hp9000s700) || defined (__hp9000s700) printf (" -Dhp9000s700"); #endif /* hp9000s700 || __hp9000s700 */ #if defined (hp9000s800) || defined (__hp9000s800) printf (" -Dhp9000s800"); #endif /* hp9000s800 || __hp9000s800 */ #if defined (hppa) || defined (__hppa) printf (" -Dhppa"); #endif /* hppa || __hppa */ #if defined (hpux) || defined (__hpux) printf (" -Dhpux"); #endif /* hpux */ #if defined (__hp_osf) printf (" -D__hp_osf"); #endif /* __hp_osf */ #if defined (i386) printf (" -Di386"); #endif /* i386 */ #if defined (__i386__) printf (" -D__i386__"); #endif #if defined (__i860) printf(" -D__i860"); #endif /* __i860 */ #if defined (__i860__) printf(" -D__i860__"); #endif /* __i860__ */ #if defined (ibm) printf (" -Dibm"); #endif /* ibm */ #if defined (ibm032) printf (" -Dibm032"); #endif /* ibm032 */ #if defined (ibmrt) printf (" -Dibmrt"); #endif /* ibmrt */ #if defined (interdata) printf (" -Dinterdata"); #endif /* interdata */ #if defined (is68k) printf (" -Dis68k"); #endif /* is68k */ #if defined (ksr1) printf (" -Dksr1"); #endif /* ksr1 */ #if defined (__ksr1__) printf (" -D__ksr1__"); #endif /* __ksr1__ */ #if defined (linux) printf (" -Dlinux"); #endif /* linux */ #if defined (__linux__) printf (" -D__linux__"); #endif /* __linux__ */ #if defined (luna88k) printf (" -Dluna88k"); #endif /* luna88k */ #if defined (m68k) printf (" -Dm68k"); #endif /* m68k */ #if defined (m88k) printf (" -Dm88k"); #endif /* m88k */ #if defined (mc68010) printf (" -Dmc68010"); #endif /* mc68010 */ #if defined (mc68020) printf (" -Dmc68020"); #endif /* mc68020 */ #if defined (mc68030) printf (" -Dmc68030"); #endif /* mc68030 */ #if defined (mc68040) printf (" -Dmc68040"); #endif /* mc68040 */ #if defined (mc68k32) printf (" -Dmc68k32"); #endif /* mc68k32 */ #if defined (mips) printf (" -Dmips"); #endif /* mips */ #if defined (n16) printf (" -Dn16"); #endif /* n16 */ #if defined (ns32000) printf (" -Dns32000"); #endif /* ns32000 */ #if defined (os) printf (" -Dos"); #endif /* os */ #if defined (osf) printf (" -Dosf"); #endif /* osf */ #if defined (__osf__) printf (" -D__osf__"); #endif /* __osf__ */ #if defined (__OSF1__) printf(" -D__OSF1__"); #endif /* __OSF1__ */ #if defined (pdp11) printf (" -Dpdp11"); #endif /* pdp11 */ #if defined (plexus) printf (" -Dplexus") #endif /* plexus */ #if defined (pyr) printf (" -Dpyr"); #endif /* pyr */ #if defined (scs) printf (" -Dscs"); #endif /* scs */ #if defined (sequent) printf (" -Dsequent"); #endif /* sequent */ #if defined (sgi) printf (" -Dsgi"); #endif /* sgi */ #if defined (sony) printf (" -Dsony"); #endif /* sony */ #if defined (sparc) printf (" -Dsparc"); #endif /* sparc */ #if defined (stardent) printf (" -Dstardent"); #endif /* stardent */ #if defined (sun) printf (" -Dsun"); #endif /* sun */ #if defined (sun2) printf (" -Dsun2"); #endif /* sun2 */ #if defined (sun3) printf (" -Dsun3"); #endif /* sun3 */ #if defined (sun4) printf (" -Dsun4"); #endif /* sun4 */ #if defined (__svr4__) printf (" -D__svr4__"); #endif /* __svr4__ */ #if defined (tower32) printf (" -Dtower32"); #endif /* tower32 */ #if defined (tss) printf (" -Dtss"); #endif /* tss */ #if defined (u370) printf (" -Du370"); #endif /* u370 */ #if defined (u3b) printf (" -Du3b"); #endif /* u3b */ #if defined (u3b2) printf (" -Du3b2"); #endif /* u3b2 */ #if defined (u3b20d) printf (" -Du3b20d"); #endif /* u3b20d */ #if defined (u3b5) printf (" -Du3b5"); #endif /* u3b5 */ #if defined (ultrix) printf (" -Dultrix"); #endif /* ultrix */ #if defined (unix) printf (" -Dunix"); #endif /* unix */ #if defined (vax) printf (" -Dvax"); #endif /* vax */ printf ("\n"); exit (0); } bash-1.14.3/support/cppmagic 755 436 0 2062 5214715750 14104 0ustar chetwheel#!/bin/sh # Return a full cpp specification, complete with system dependent flags. # # Syntax: cppmagic [ program-to-generate-flags [ guessed-cpp ]] # # If only one arg is present it is the name of a program to invoke # which should generate -Dfoo defines. # # If two args are present the second arg is the name of the C # preprocessor to use. # # Invoked with no args, provides a C preprocessor name and # -traditional flag if that is appropriate. # # ../Makefile calls this file thusly: "cppmagic getcppsyms". # # Typical output: # # /lib/cpp -Dunix -Dm68k # Cpp= if [ "$2" ]; then Cpp=$2 else for cpp in /lib/cpp /usr/lib/cpp /usr/ccs/lib/cpp; do if [ -f $cpp ]; then Cpp=$cpp fi done if [ "$Cpp" = "" ]; then Cpp=cpp fi fi TRADITIONAL= FLAGS= # First flag might be `-traditional' if this is Gnu Cpp. unknown_flag=`$Cpp -traditional /dev/null 2>&1 | egrep 'known|recognized|valid|bad|legal'` if [ "$unknown_flag" = "" ]; then TRADITIONAL=-traditional fi if [ "$1" ]; then FLAGS=`$1` fi echo $Cpp $TRADITIONAL $FLAGS bash-1.14.3/support/bash.xbm 664 436 0 6375 5214725332 14032 0ustar chetwheelFrom: Simon Marshall Date: Wed, 8 May 91 17:15:58 +0100 To: bug-bash@ai.mit.edu Subject: X bitmap for bash Since other GNU software comes with its very own X bitmap, I thought it was about time bash had one too & here it is! To use, stick the stuff after my signature in a file /bash.xbm. If using a twm window manager, insert the lines: IconDirectory "" Icons { "" "bash.xbm" } in your ~/.twmrc file. The can be a prefix, so if you have titles "bash@machine", the prefix "bash" will do. I'm not familiar enough with other window managers, but they should be similar. If you like it, you're welcome to it... Simon. ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ #define bash_width 64 #define bash_height 48 static char bash_bits[] = { 0x00, 0x60, 0x06, 0x30, 0x04, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x60, 0x98, 0x01, 0x40, 0x03, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x19, 0x00, 0xa0, 0x80, 0x80, 0xff, 0x00, 0x00, 0x06, 0x00, 0x1c, 0x03, 0xe1, 0x5f, 0x03, 0x00, 0x02, 0x00, 0x22, 0x0c, 0x5d, 0xf4, 0x0e, 0x00, 0xe1, 0x02, 0x09, 0x19, 0x17, 0x91, 0x3d, 0x00, 0xf8, 0x87, 0x40, 0x90, 0x88, 0x88, 0x6e, 0x00, 0x8e, 0x9b, 0x04, 0x62, 0x22, 0x22, 0xd6, 0x00, 0x02, 0xee, 0x4c, 0x68, 0x44, 0x44, 0x6c, 0x01, 0x02, 0xf8, 0xa1, 0x4a, 0x11, 0x11, 0xb1, 0x02, 0x05, 0xa0, 0x22, 0xe0, 0x88, 0x88, 0x68, 0x03, 0x42, 0x50, 0x5d, 0x40, 0x22, 0x22, 0xa2, 0x05, 0x11, 0x81, 0x00, 0x44, 0x44, 0x44, 0x44, 0x07, 0x02, 0x20, 0x84, 0x60, 0x11, 0x11, 0xd1, 0x0d, 0x02, 0x0a, 0x02, 0xc0, 0x88, 0x88, 0x48, 0x0b, 0x44, 0x40, 0x00, 0x42, 0x22, 0x22, 0xa2, 0x1d, 0x24, 0x08, 0x02, 0x64, 0x44, 0x44, 0xc4, 0x1a, 0x08, 0x00, 0x20, 0x20, 0x11, 0x11, 0x91, 0x15, 0x88, 0x00, 0x00, 0xe1, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0x1a, 0x10, 0x08, 0x22, 0x10, 0x00, 0x00, 0xc0, 0x15, 0x31, 0x40, 0x00, 0xf2, 0x03, 0xc0, 0xc1, 0x1a, 0x41, 0x24, 0x48, 0x6c, 0x06, 0x80, 0xc1, 0x15, 0x82, 0x01, 0x00, 0x66, 0x06, 0x80, 0xc1, 0x1a, 0x04, 0x22, 0x12, 0x67, 0x06, 0x80, 0xc1, 0x15, 0x0a, 0x04, 0xe0, 0x66, 0xe6, 0xb8, 0xc7, 0x1a, 0x09, 0xf0, 0x17, 0xee, 0xb3, 0xa5, 0xcf, 0x15, 0x30, 0x00, 0x00, 0x6e, 0x86, 0x8d, 0xcd, 0x1a, 0x00, 0x01, 0x80, 0x67, 0xe6, 0xbd, 0xcd, 0x15, 0x00, 0x46, 0x40, 0x66, 0xb6, 0xb1, 0xcd, 0x1a, 0x00, 0x38, 0x3c, 0x66, 0xb6, 0xa5, 0xcd, 0x15, 0x00, 0x00, 0x02, 0xf6, 0xe3, 0x9d, 0xdd, 0x1a, 0x00, 0x04, 0x60, 0x06, 0x00, 0x00, 0xc0, 0x15, 0x00, 0x04, 0x40, 0xfe, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0x1a, 0x00, 0x02, 0x80, 0x12, 0x11, 0x11, 0x91, 0x15, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x8a, 0x88, 0x88, 0x88, 0x1a, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x22, 0x22, 0x22, 0xa2, 0x15, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x46, 0x44, 0x44, 0xc4, 0x9a, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x12, 0x11, 0x11, 0x91, 0xb5, 0x00, 0x00, 0x10, 0x8a, 0x88, 0x88, 0x88, 0xba, 0x00, 0x00, 0x10, 0x22, 0x22, 0x22, 0xa2, 0xd5, 0x00, 0x00, 0x30, 0xc6, 0x44, 0x44, 0xcc, 0xdf, 0x00, 0x20, 0x39, 0x96, 0x15, 0x51, 0x99, 0xf5, 0x80, 0xf2, 0x56, 0x8b, 0x9a, 0xea, 0x9b, 0xff, 0xc1, 0xad, 0x5e, 0xaf, 0xbb, 0xfa, 0xba, 0xdf, 0x22, 0x9b, 0xae, 0xd7, 0x54, 0x5d, 0xd7, 0xbf, 0x3b, 0x32, 0xce, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xab, 0xae, 0x2b, 0x59, 0xaf, 0xd4, 0xae, 0x2e, 0xc3, 0xdd, 0x43, 0xa9, 0xd1, 0xba, 0xae, 0x2c, 0xcd}; bash-1.14.3/support/FAQ 644 436 0 20476 5353651751 12762 0ustar chetwheelThis Frequently Asked Questions file is edited in -*- indented-text -*- mode. If you are viewing this text in a GNU Emacs Buffer, you can type "M-2 C-x $" to get an overview of just the questions. Then, when you want to look at the text of the answers, just type "C-x $". To search for a question numbered XXX, type "M-C-s ^XXX:", followed by a C-r if that doesn't work, then type ESC to end the search. 1: How do I convert all of my Csh aliases over to Bash aliases? Bash uses a different syntax to support aliases than Csh does. The details can be found in the documentation. We have provided a shell script which does most of the work of conversion for you; this script can be found in ./examples/alias-conv.sh. Here is how you use it: Start Csh in the normal way for you. (e.g., "csh") Pipe the output of "alias" through "alias-conv.sh", saving the results into "bash_aliases": alias | alias-conv.sh >.bash_aliases Edit "bash_aliases" carefully reading through any created functions. You will need to change the names of Csh specific variables (like $cwd) to the Bash equivalents (like $PWD). You will also need to remove recursive references to commands which are defined as functions. For example, the Csh alias: alias cd 'cd \!*;echo $cwd' is converted to the Bash function: cd () { cd $*; echo $cwd } This function contains a self-pointing reference to "cd", which should be changed to use the "builtin" version. It also uses the Csh variable `$cwd' which has an equivalent in Bash. Precede the recursive reference with the word "builtin", and change the name of the variable: cd () { builtin cd $*; echo $PWD } Merge the edited file into your ~/.bashrc. 2: Background jobs have staggered output, as if there was no CR before the LF. This is a result of bash using the BSD-style tty driver on Ultrix. The BSD driver ties input and output carriage return translation together with the CRMOD bit. (The CRMOD bit causes CR->LF translation on input and LF->CRLF translation on output.) Unless the CRMOD bit is cleared, it is impossible to get a literal ^M in an input line. Unfortunately, one of the effects of clearing it is the loss of output processing you've observed. The Ultrix Posix-style tty driver can't be used because it has serious problems with losing typeahead when ICANON is switched on and off. These characters seem to reappear later without warning, usually when a program that uses the BSD-style ioctls turns on CBREAK (e.g., `more'). 3: Bash's "test" different from "/bin/test"? ([ ! x -o x ] -> false) Bash's builtin "test" implements the Posix.2 spec, which can be summarized as follows (the wording is due to David Korn): Here is the set of rules for processing test arguments. 0 Args: False 1 Arg: True iff argument is not null. 2 Args: If first arg is !, True iff second argument is null. If first argument is unary, then true if unary test is true Otherwise error. 3 Args: If second argument is a binary operator, do binary test of $1 $3 If first argument is !, negate two argument test of $2 $3 Otherwise error. 4 Args: If first argument is !, negate three argument test of $2 $3 $4. Otherwise unspecified 5 or more Args: unspecified. (Historical shells would used their current algorithm). The operators -a and -o are considered binary operators for the purpose of the 3 Arg case. As you can see, the test becomes (not (x or x)), which is false. 4: Completion listings can differ from `ls' in the number of columns output. This can happen because `ls' calls stat () on every file before listing the output, while GNU Readline only calls stat () on the files when they are being printed. This means that `ls' knows how many characters will be added to each filename in advance, and can accurately calculate the maximum length, while Bash must assume that each filename will have characters added to it. 5: Bash crashes when I do "cd". If you have `cd' defined as a function, it is likely that the function is recursively calling itself. See the answer to question 1 above. 6: Why does Bash sometimes say "Broken pipe"? If a sequence of commands appear in a pipeline, and one of the reading commands finishes before the writer has finished, the writer receives a SIGPIPE signal. Many other shells special-case SIGPIPE as an exit status in the pipeline and do not report it. For example, in: ps -aux | head `head' can finish before `ps' writes all of its output. In that case, Bash will print `Broken pipe' to stderr on behalf of the `ps' command. 7: How can I use `!' to reinvoke a command starting with a digit? If you had issued a command such as `8086engine foo', and then at a later time wished to reinvoke the command, typing `!80' would probably not work since Bash would think you meant the 80'th command in the history, not the command starting with `80'. You can type `!?80', which says to re-execute the most recent command containing `80'. Questions About Input Line Editing: 1: What do things like this mean: C-h, M-C-a, RET, etc.? C-a means press the "a" key while holding down the "Control" key. The ASCII code this sends will generally be the value that would be sent by pressing just "a" minus 96 or 64. Either way it will be a number from 0 to 31. M-a means press the "a" key while holding down the "Meta" key. The ASCII code this sends is the sum of the ASCII code that would be sent by pressing just "a" and 128. M-C-a means press the "a" key while holding down both the "Control" key and the "Meta" key. C-M-a is a synonym for M-C-a. * RET means press the "Return" key. RET is the same as C-m. This sends ASCII code 13. * LFD means press the "Linefeed" key. LFD is also the same as C-j. This sends ASCII code 10. Under Unix, ASCII code 10 is more often called "Newline". * DEL means press the "Delete" key. DEL is the same as C-?. This sends ASCII code 127. (WARNING: It is a misnomer to call C-? a "control" key, since 127 has both bits 6 and 7 turned ON, and the rule for control keys is that they have 6 and 7 turned OFF. Also, on very few keyboards does Control-? generate ASCII code 127. In fact, Control-? (which is actually Control-Shift-/) is more likely to generate C-_, ASCII code 31!) * ESC means press the "Escape" key. ESC is the same as C-[. This sends ASCII code 27. * SPC means press the "Space" key. This send ASCII code 32. * TAB means press the "Tab" key. TAB is the same as C-i. This send ASCII code 9. For C-@ and C-^, usually you don't have to hold down the shift key and you can type Control-2 or Control-6 instead. For C-_, you may have to hold down the shift key, typing Control-Shift-Hyphen. C-@ can often be generated by typing Control-Space. C-@ is often called the NUL character, and has ASCII value 0. C-_ can often be generated by typing Control-7 or Control-/. Try Control with all of the digits on your keyboard to see what gets generated. To read more about this online, type "C-h i m emacs RET m characters RET", and also "C-h i m emacs RET m keys RET". 2: What do you mean when you write things like this: type "ESC a"? I will enclose key sequences that are longer than one key inside double quotes. These notations refer to single key strokes (some with modifiers): C-x, M-x, M-C-x RET, LFD, DEL, ESC, SPC, TAB I separate these from other keys within double quotes by spaces. Any real spaces that I write inside double quotes can be ignored, only SPC means press the space key. All other characters within double quotes represent single keys (some shifted). 3: What if I don't have a Meta key? Instead of typing M-a, you can type "ESC a" instead. In fact, Emacs converts M-a internally into "ESC a" anyway (depending on the value of meta-prefix-char). 4: What if I don't have an Escape key? Type C-[ instead. This should send ASCII code 27 just like an Escape key would. 5: What does "M-x command" mean? "M-x command" means type M-x, then type the name of the command, then Local Variables: eval: (set-selective-display 2) End: bash-1.14.3/support/PORTING 644 436 0 2126 5275262161 13441 0ustar chetwheelif _mkfifo cannot be found, add "-DMKFIFO_MISSING" to SYSDEP_CFLAGS in your machine's entry in machines.h. If bash compiles, but hangs when executing a non-builtin, there is a problem with the defines in your /usr/include/sys/wait.h. If you don't have one, there is a problem in our defines. At any rate, perhaps you have a partially POSIX system, instead of a fully operational one. Try defining _POSIX_SOURCE just before the inclusion of in jobs.h, and then undefining it immediately after the inclusion. Finding out if your system has something (like setpgid, for example) You can always do "nm -o /lib/*.a | grep setpgid". If an entry for the function appears, you have it, and you might have to link with that library by adding "#defined REQUIRED_LIBRARIES -lfoo" to the entry in machines.h. If you seem to be going around in circles, and they are related to job control and posixness, try #undef HAVE_UNISTD_H in the entry for your machine in machines.h. This can work by keeping unistd.h from defining _POSIX_VERSION, which in turn prevents bash from assuming full Posix semantics. bash-1.14.3/support/mklinks 755 436 0 1452 5275263235 13776 0ustar chetwheel # Yet another script which requires an already built Bash. # # This makes links in the current directory to the directory specified as # the first argument. # topdir=$1 if [ ! "$topdir" ]; then echo "No directory specified. Read the script $0." exit 1 fi function clone_files () { local dir=$1; local files; files=$(cd $dir; echo *); if [ ! "$files" ]; then return 0; fi for filename in $files; do if [ -d $dir/$filename ]; then # If the file to clone is this directory, then skip it. if [ $(cd $dir/$filename; pwd) = $(pwd) ]; then continue; fi mkdir $filename; (cd $filename; clone_files ../$dir/$filename) else ln -s $dir/$filename .; fi done rm -f \#* *~ .*~ *.bak .*.bak *.tmp .*.tmp *.o core a.out; } clone_files $topdir bash-1.14.3/support/mkdirs 775 436 0 602 5566670634 13605 0ustar chetwheel#! /bin/sh # # mkdirs - a work-alike for `mkdir -p' # # Chet Ramey # chet@po.cwru.edu for dir do [ -d "$dir" ] && continue tomake=$dir while [ "$dir" ]; do # dir=${dir%/*} # dir=`expr "$dir" ':' '^\(/.*\)/[^/]*'` dir=`expr "$dir" ':' '^\(.*\)/[^/]*'` tomake="$dir $tomake" done for d in $tomake do [ -d $d ] && continue echo mkdir $d mkdir $d done done exit 0 bash-1.14.3/support/clone-bash 775 436 0 2447 5566224346 14353 0ustar chetwheel#! /bin/sh # # src=src case "$1" in -s) shift; src=$1; shift ;; esac if [ ! -d $1 ]; then mkdir $1 fi prog=`basename $0` echo "${prog}: creating clone of bash source tree (from $src) in $1" case $src in /*) abs=yes ;; esac d=${PWD-`pwd`} cd $1 || { echo "$0: cannot cd to $1" ; exit 1; } d=$d/$1 SUBDIRS="CWRU builtins documentation examples support tests" LIBDIRS="malloc termcap glob readline tilde malloclib posixheaders doc-support" CWRUDIRS="misc" mkdir $SUBDIRS for i in $SUBDIRS do cd $i case "$abs" in yes) ln -s $src/$i/* . ;; *) ln -s ../../$src/$i/* . ;; esac echo -n $i.. cd .. done cd $d cd CWRU for i in $CWRUDIRS do rm -f $i mkdir $i cd $i case "$abs" in yes) ln -s $src/CWRU/$i/* . ;; *) ln -s ../../../$src/CWRU/$i/* . ;; esac echo -n "CWRU/$i.." cd .. done cd $d if [ ! -d lib ] ; then mkdir lib fi cd lib mkdir $LIBDIRS for i in $LIBDIRS do cd $i case "$abs" in yes) ln -s $src/lib/$i/* . ;; *) ln -s ../../../$src/lib/$i/* . ;; esac echo -n "lib/$i.." cd .. done cd $d case "$abs" in yes) ln -s $src/.[a-z]* . ; ln -s $src/* . 2>&1 | grep -v exists ;; *) ln -s ../$src/.[a-z]* . ; ln -s ../$src/* . 2>&1 | grep -v exists ;; esac echo -n src.. SPECIAL="parser-built y.tab.h y.tab.c" for x in $SPECIAL do rm -f $x cp ../$src/$x . done echo special exit 0 bash-1.14.3/support/bashbug.sh 644 436 0 3047 5701346124 14342 0ustar chetwheel#!/bin/sh - # # bashbug - create a bug report and mail it to bug-bash@prep.ai.mit.edu # # configuration section: # these variables are filled in by the make target in cpp-Makefile # MACHINE="@MACHINE@" OS="@OS@" CC="@CC@" CFLAGS="@CFLAGS@" RELEASE="@RELEASE@" PATCHLEVEL="@PATCHLEVEL@" PATH=/bin:/usr/bin:usr/local/bin:$PATH export PATH TEMP=/tmp/bashbug.$$ BUGADDR=${1-bug-bash@prep.ai.mit.edu} : ${EDITOR=emacs} trap 'rm -f $TEMP $TEMP.x; exit 1' 1 2 3 13 15 trap 'rm -f $TEMP $TEMP.x' 0 UN= if (uname) >/dev/null 2>&1; then UN=`uname -a` fi if [ -f /usr/lib/sendmail ] ; then RMAIL="/usr/lib/sendmail -t" elif [ -f /usr/sbin/sendmail ] ; then RMAIL="/usr/sbin/sendmail -t" else RMAIL=rmail fi cat > $TEMP <> $HOME/dead.bashbug fi exit 0 bash-1.14.3/support/mkmachtype 775 436 0 16364 5505123161 14507 0ustar chetwheel#!/bin/sh # This script attempts to guess a canonical system name. # Copyright (C) 1992, 1993 Free Software Foundation, Inc. # # This file is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it # under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by # the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or # (at your option) any later version. # # This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but # WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of # MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU # General Public License for more details. # # You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License # along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software # Foundation, Inc., 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. */ # # This script attempts to guess a canonical system name similar to # config.sub. If it succeeds, it prints the system name on stdout, and # exits with 0. Otherwise, it exits with 1. # # The plan is that this can be called by configure scripts if you # don't specify an explicit system type (host/target name). # # Only a few systems have been added to this list; please add others # (but try to keep the structure clean). # UNAME_MACHINE=`(uname -m) 2>/dev/null` || UNAME_MACHINE=unknown UNAME_RELEASE=`(uname -r) 2>/dev/null` || UNAME_RELEASE=unknown UNAME_SYSTEM=`(uname -s) 2>/dev/null` || UNAME_SYSTEM=unknown UNAME_VERSION=`(uname -v) 2>/dev/null` || UNAME_VERSION=unknown # Note: order is significant - the case branches are not exclusive. case "${UNAME_MACHINE}:${UNAME_SYSTEM}:${UNAME_RELEASE}:${UNAME_VERSION}" in alpha:OSF1:1.*:*) # 1.2 uses "1.2" for uname -r. echo alpha-dec-osf${UNAME_RELEASE} exit 0 ;; alpha:OSF1:V1.*:*) # 1.3 uses "V1.3" for uname -r. echo alpha-dec-osf`echo ${UNAME_RELEASE} | sed -e 's/^V//'` exit 0 ;; arm:RISC*:1.[012]*:*|arm:riscix:1.[012]*:*) echo arm-acorn-riscix${UNAME_RELEASE} exit 0;; sun4*:SunOS:5.*:*) echo sparc-sun-solaris2`echo ${UNAME_RELEASE}|sed -e 's/[^.]*//'` exit 0 ;; sun4*:SunOS:6*:*) # According to config.sub, this is the proper way to canonicalize # SunOS6. Hard to guess exactly what SunOS6 will be like, but # it's likely to be more like Solaris than SunOS4. echo sparc-sun-solaris3`echo ${UNAME_RELEASE}|sed -e 's/[^.]*//'` exit 0 ;; sun4*:SunOS:*:*) echo sparc-sun-sunos${UNAME_RELEASE} exit 0 ;; sun3*:SunOS:*:*) echo m68k-sun-sunos${UNAME_RELEASE} exit 0 ;; RISC*:ULTRIX:*:*) echo mips-dec-ultrix${UNAME_RELEASE} exit 0 ;; VAX*:ULTRIX*:*:*) echo vax-dec-ultrix${UNAME_RELEASE} exit 0 ;; mips:*:5*:RISCos) echo mips-mips-riscos${UNAME_RELEASE} exit 0 ;; m88k:*:4*:R4*) echo m88k-motorola-sysv4 exit 0 ;; m88k:*:3*:R3*) echo m88k-motorola-sysv3 exit 0 ;; AViiON:dgux:*:*) echo m88k-dg-dgux${UNAME_RELEASE} exit 0 ;; M88*:*:R3*:*) # Delta 88k system running SVR3 echo m88k-motorola-sysv3 exit 0 ;; *:IRIX:*:*) echo mips-sgi-irix${UNAME_RELEASE} exit 0 ;; i[34]86:AIX:*:*) echo i386-ibm-aix exit 0 ;; *:AIX:2:3) echo rs6000-ibm-aix3.2 exit 0 ;; *:AIX:*:*) echo rs6000-ibm-aix exit 0 ;; *:BOSX:*:*) echo rs6000-bull-bosx exit 0 ;; DPX/2?00:B.O.S.:*:*) echo m68k-bull-sysv3 exit 0 ;; 9000/31?:HP-UX:*:*) echo m68000-hp-hpux exit 0 ;; 9000/[34]??:HP-UX:*:*) echo m68k-hp-hpux exit 0 ;; 9000/[34]??:4.3bsd:1.*:*) echo m68k-hp-bsd exit 0 ;; hp300:4.4BSD:*:* | 9000/[34]??:4.3bsd:2.*:*) echo m68k-hp-bsd4.4 exit 0 ;; 9000/7??:HP-UX:*:* | 9000/8?7:HP-UX:*:* ) echo hppa1.1-hp-hpux exit 0 ;; 9000/8??:HP-UX:*:*) echo hppa1.0-hp-hpux exit 0 ;; 3050*:HI-UX:*:*) sed 's/^ //' << EOF >dummy.c #include int main () { long cpu = sysconf (_SC_CPU_VERSION); if (CPU_IS_HP_MC68K (cpu)) puts ("m68k-hitachi-hiuxwe2"); else if (CPU_IS_PA_RISC (cpu)) { switch (cpu) { case CPU_PA_RISC1_0: puts ("hppa1.0-hitachi-hiuxwe2"); break; case CPU_PA_RISC1_1: puts ("hppa1.1-hitachi-hiuxwe2"); break; case CPU_PA_RISC2_0: puts ("hppa2.0-hitachi-hiuxwe2"); break; default: puts ("hppa-hitachi-hiuxwe2"); break; } } else puts ("unknown-hitachi-hiuxwe2"); exit (0); } EOF ${CC-cc} dummy.c -o dummy && ./dummy && rm dummy.c dummy && exit 0 rm -f dummy.c dummy echo unknown-hitachi-hiuxwe2 exit 0 ;; 9000/7??:4.3bsd:*:* | 9000/8?7:4.3bsd:*:* ) echo hppa1.1-hp-bsd exit 0 ;; 9000/8??:4.3bsd:*:*) echo hppa1.0-hp-bsd exit 0 ;; C1*:ConvexOS:*:*) echo c1-convex-bsd exit 0 ;; C2*:ConvexOS:*:*) echo c2-convex-bsd exit 0 ;; CRAY*X-MP:UNICOS:*:*) echo xmp-cray-unicos exit 0 ;; CRAY*Y-MP:UNICOS:*:*) echo ymp-cray-unicos exit 0 ;; CRAY-2:UNICOS:*:*) echo cray2-cray-unicos exit 0 ;; hp3[0-9][05]:NetBSD:*:*) echo m68k-hp-netbsd${UNAME_RELEASE} exit 0 ;; i[34]86:NetBSD:*:*) echo ${UNAME_MACHINE}-unknown-netbsd${UNAME_RELEASE} exit 0 ;; i[34]86:Linux:*:*) echo ${UNAME_MACHINE}-unknown-linux exit 0 ;; i[34]86:UNIX_SV:4.*:*) if grep Novell /usr/include/link.h >/dev/null 2>/dev/null; then echo ${UNAME_MACHINE}-univel-sysv${UNAME_RELEASE} else echo ${UNAME_MACHINE}-unknown-sysv${UNAME_RELEASE} fi exit 0 ;; i[34]86:*:3.2:*) if /bin/uname -X 2>/dev/null >/dev/null ; then UNAME_REL=`(/bin/uname -X|egrep Release|sed -e 's/.*= //')` (/bin/uname -X|egrep i80486 >/dev/null) && UNAME_MACHINE=i486 echo ${UNAME_MACHINE}-unknown-sco$UNAME_REL else echo ${UNAME_MACHINE}-unknown-sysv3.2 fi exit 0 ;; mini*:CTIX:SYS*5:*) # "miniframe" echo m68010-convergent-sysv exit 0 ;; M680[234]0:*:R3V[567]*:*) test -r /sysV68 && echo 'm68k-motorola-sysv' && exit 0 ;; 3[34]??:*:4.0:*) uname -p 2>/dev/null | grep 86 >/dev/null \ && echo i486-ncr-sysv4 && exit 0 ;; m680[234]0:LynxOS:2.2*:*) echo m68k-lynx-lynxos${UNAME_RELEASE} exit 0 ;; i[34]86:LynxOS:2.2*:*) echo i386-lynx-lynxos${UNAME_RELEASE} exit 0 ;; TSUNAMI:LynxOS:2.2*:*) echo sparc-lynx-lynxos${UNAME_RELEASE} exit 0 ;; esac #echo '(No uname command or uname output not recognized.)' 1>&2 #echo "${UNAME_MACHINE}:${UNAME_SYSTEM}:${UNAME_RELEASE}:${UNAME_VERSION}" 1>&2 cat >dummy.c <&2 exit 1 bash-1.14.3/support/recho.c 644 436 0 635 5523225477 13630 0ustar chetwheel#include main(argc, argv) int argc; char **argv; { register int i; for (i = 1; i < argc; i++) { printf("argv[%d] = <", i); strprint(argv[i]); printf(">\n"); } } strprint(str) char *str; { register char *s; int c; for (s = str; s && *s; s++) { if (*s < ' ') { putchar('^'); putchar(*s+64); } else if (*s == 127) { putchar('^'); putchar('?'); } else putchar(*s); } } bash-1.14.3/support/srcdir 775 436 0 366 5620526440 13573 0ustar chetwheel#! /bin/sh # # srcdir - print out the absolute pathname of the top of the bash source # tree. Used for getting the right value to makes in subdirectories # case "$1" in '.'|./) pwd ;; ./*|..*) echo `pwd`/"$1" ;; *) echo "$1" ;; esac exit 0 bash-1.14.3/support/SYMLINKS 664 436 0 1317 5570151700 13565 0ustar chetwheel# # symlink map for bash source tree # # link name link target # lib/readline/doc/texindex.c ../../doc-support/texindex.c # lib/readline/tilde.c ../tilde/tilde.c lib/readline/tilde.h ../tilde/tilde.h lib/readline/posixstat.h ../posixheaders/posixstat.h lib/readline/ansi_stdlib.h ../posixheaders/ansi_stdlib.h lib/readline/memalloc.h ../posixheaders/memalloc.h lib/readline/xmalloc.c ../malloc/xmalloc.c # lib/tilde/memalloc.h ../posixheaders/memalloc.h # lib/doc-support/getopt.h ../../builtins/getopt.h # posixstat.h lib/posixheaders/posixstat.h ansi_stdlib.h lib/posixheaders/ansi_stdlib.h stdc.h lib/posixheaders/stdc.h memalloc.h lib/posixheaders/memalloc.h filecntl.h lib/posixheaders/filecntl.h bash-1.14.3/support/fixlinks 755 436 0 2071 5570153666 14157 0ustar chetwheel#! /bin/sh # # fixlinks - make symlinks in the bash source tree so that there is # exactly one version of any given source file. # # SRCDIR=. while [ $# -gt 0 ]; do case "$1" in -s) shift; SRCDIR=$1 ;; -u) unfix=yes ;; -*) echo "$0: $1: bad option" 1>&2 echo "$0: usage: $0 [-u] [-s srcdir] [linkmap]" 1>&2 exit 1;; *) break ;; esac shift done if [ ! -d $SRCDIR/builtins ]; then echo "$0: must be run with valid -s argument or from source directory" 1>&2 exit 1 fi if [ $# -eq 0 ]; then linkfile=$SRCDIR/support/SYMLINKS else linkfile=$1 fi if [ ! -f "$linkfile" ]; then echo "$0: symlink map file \`$linkfile' does not exist" exit 1 fi rm -f /tmp/z if (ln -s /dev/null /tmp/z) >/dev/null 2>&1; then LN="ln -s" else LN=ln fi while read name target do case "$name" in \#*) continue;; esac rm -f $name case "$unfix" in yes) dirname=`expr "$name" ':' '^\(.*\)/[^/]*'` [ -z "$dirname" ] && dirname=. cp $dirname/$target $name echo $target copied to $name ;; *) $LN $target $name ; echo "$name -> $target" ;; esac done < $linkfile exit 0 bash-1.14.3/support/printenv 755 436 0 204 5701347471 14144 0ustar chetwheel#! /bin/sh - if [ $# -eq 0 ]; then env exit elif eval [ "\${$1-unset}" = "unset" ]; then exit 1 else eval echo \$$1 exit 0 fi bash-1.14.3/test.c 664 436 0 62426 5676561170 12045 0ustar chetwheel/* GNU test program (ksb and mjb) */ /* Modified to run with the GNU shell Apr 25, 1988 by bfox. */ /* Copyright (C) 1987, 1988, 1989, 1990, 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc. This file is part of GNU Bash, the Bourne Again SHell. Bash is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option) any later version. Bash is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details. You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with Bash; see the file COPYING. If not, write to the Free Software Foundation, 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. */ /* Define STANDALONE to get the /bin/test version. Otherwise, you get the shell builtin version. */ /* #define STANDALONE */ #include #include "bashtypes.h" #if !defined (STANDALONE) # if !defined (_POSIX_VERSION) # include # endif /* !_POSIX_VERSION */ # include "posixstat.h" # include "filecntl.h" # include "shell.h" #else /* STANDALONE */ # include "system.h" # if !defined (S_IXUGO) # define S_IXUGO 0111 # endif # if defined (HAVE_UNISTD_H) # include # endif /* HAVE_UNISTD_H */ # define whitespace(c) (((c) == ' ') || ((c) == '\t')) # define digit(c) ((c) >= '0' && (c) <= '9') # define digit_value(c) ((c) - '0') #endif /* STANDALONE */ #if !defined (STRLEN) # define STRLEN(s) ((s)[0] ? ((s)[1] ? ((s)[2] ? strlen(s) : 2) : 1) : 0) #endif #include #if !defined (errno) extern int errno; #endif /* !errno */ #if !defined (STREQ) # define STREQ(a, b) ((a)[0] == (b)[0] && strcmp (a, b) == 0) #endif /* !STREQ */ #if !defined (member) # define member(c, s) (int)((c) ? (char *)strchr ((s), (c)) : 0) #endif /* !member */ /* Make gid_t and uid_t mean something for non-posix systems. */ #if !defined (_POSIX_VERSION) && !defined (HAVE_UID_T) # if !defined (gid_t) # define gid_t int # endif # if !defined (uid_t) # define uid_t int # endif #endif /* !_POSIX_VERSION */ /* What type are the user and group ids? GID_T is actually the type of the members of the array that getgroups(3) fills in from its second argument. */ #if defined (INT_GROUPS_ARRAY) # define GID_T int # define UID_T int #else /* !INT_GROUPS_ARRAY */ # define GID_T gid_t # define UID_T uid_t #endif /* !INT_GROUPS_ARRAY */ #if !defined (Linux) && !defined (USGr4_2) && !defined (SunOS5) extern gid_t getegid (); extern uid_t geteuid (); # if !defined (sony) extern gid_t getgid (); # endif /* !sony */ #endif /* !Linux && !USGr4_2 && !SunOS5 */ #if !defined (R_OK) #define R_OK 4 #define W_OK 2 #define X_OK 1 #define F_OK 0 #endif /* R_OK */ /* The following few defines control the truth and false output of each stage. TRUE and FALSE are what we use to compute the final output value. SHELL_BOOLEAN is the form which returns truth or falseness in shell terms. TRUTH_OR is how to do logical or with TRUE and FALSE. TRUTH_AND is how to do logical and with TRUE and FALSE.. Default is TRUE = 1, FALSE = 0, TRUTH_OR = a | b, TRUTH_AND = a & b, SHELL_BOOLEAN = (!value). */ #define TRUE 1 #define FALSE 0 #define SHELL_BOOLEAN(value) (!(value)) #define TRUTH_OR(a, b) ((a) | (b)) #define TRUTH_AND(a, b) ((a) & (b)) #if defined (STANDALONE) # define test_exit(val) exit (val) #else static jmp_buf test_exit_buf; static int test_error_return = 0; # define test_exit(val) \ do { test_error_return = val; longjmp (test_exit_buf, 1); } while (0) #endif /* STANDALONE */ #if defined (AFS) /* We have to use access(2) for machines running AFS, because it's not a Unix file system. This may produce incorrect answers for non-AFS files. I hate AFS. */ # define EACCESS(path, mode) access(path, mode) #else # define EACCESS(path, mode) eaccess(path, mode) #endif /* AFS */ static int pos; /* The offset of the current argument in ARGV. */ static int argc; /* The number of arguments present in ARGV. */ static char **argv; /* The argument list. */ static int noeval; static int isint (); static int unop (); static int binop (); static int unary_operator (); static int binary_operator (); static int two_arguments (); static int three_arguments (); static int posixtest (); static int expr (); static int term (); static int and (); static int or (); static void test_syntax_error (format, arg) char *format, *arg; { #if !defined (STANDALONE) extern int interactive_shell; extern char *get_name_for_error (); if (!interactive_shell) fprintf (stderr, "%s: ", get_name_for_error ()); #endif fprintf (stderr, "%s: ", argv[0]); fprintf (stderr, format, arg); fflush (stderr); test_exit (SHELL_BOOLEAN (FALSE)); } /* A wrapper for stat () which disallows pathnames that are empty strings and handles /dev/fd emulation on systems that don't have it. */ static int test_stat (path, finfo) char *path; struct stat *finfo; { if (*path == '\0') { errno = ENOENT; return (-1); } #if !defined (HAVE_DEV_FD) if (path[0] == '/' && path[1] == 'd' && strncmp (path, "/dev/fd/", 8) == 0) { int fd; if (isint (path + 8, &fd)) return (fstat (fd, finfo)); else { errno = EBADF; return (-1); } } #endif /* !HAVE_DEV_FD */ return (stat (path, finfo)); } /* Do the same thing access(2) does, but use the effective uid and gid, and don't make the mistake of telling root that any file is executable. */ static int eaccess (path, mode) char *path; int mode; { struct stat st; static int euid = -1; if (test_stat (path, &st) < 0) return (-1); if (euid == -1) #if defined (SHELL) euid = current_user.euid; #else euid = geteuid (); #endif if (euid == 0) { /* Root can read or write any file. */ if (mode != X_OK) return (0); /* Root can execute any file that has any one of the execute bits set. */ if (st.st_mode & S_IXUGO) return (0); } if (st.st_uid == euid) /* owner */ mode <<= 6; else if (group_member (st.st_gid)) mode <<= 3; if (st.st_mode & mode) return (0); return (-1); } #if defined (HAVE_GETGROUPS) /* The number of groups that this user is a member of. */ static int ngroups = 0; static GID_T *group_array = (GID_T *)NULL; static int default_group_array_size = 0; #endif /* HAVE_GETGROUPS */ #if !defined (NOGROUP) # define NOGROUP (GID_T) -1 #endif /* Return non-zero if GID is one that we have in our groups list. */ int group_member (gid) GID_T gid; { static GID_T pgid = (GID_T)NOGROUP; static GID_T egid = (GID_T)NOGROUP; if (pgid == (GID_T)NOGROUP) #if defined (SHELL) pgid = (GID_T) current_user.gid; #else /* !SHELL */ pgid = (GID_T) getgid (); #endif /* !SHELL */ if (egid == (GID_T)NOGROUP) #if defined (SHELL) egid = (GID_T) current_user.egid; #else /* !SHELL */ egid = (GID_T) getegid (); #endif /* !SHELL */ if (gid == pgid || gid == egid) return (1); #if defined (HAVE_GETGROUPS) /* getgroups () returns the number of elements that it was able to place into the array. We simply continue to call getgroups () until the number of elements placed into the array is smaller than the physical size of the array. */ while (ngroups == default_group_array_size) { default_group_array_size += 64; group_array = (GID_T *) xrealloc (group_array, default_group_array_size * sizeof (GID_T)); ngroups = getgroups (default_group_array_size, group_array); } /* In case of error, the user loses. */ if (ngroups < 0) return (0); /* Search through the list looking for GID. */ { register int i; for (i = 0; i < ngroups; i++) if (gid == group_array[i]) return (1); } #endif /* HAVE_GETGROUPS */ return (0); } /* Increment our position in the argument list. Check that we're not past the end of the argument list. This check is supressed if the argument is FALSE. Made a macro for efficiency. */ #if !defined (lint) #define advance(f) do { ++pos; if (f && pos >= argc) beyond (); } while (0) #endif #if !defined (advance) static int advance (f) int f; { ++pos; if (f && pos >= argc) beyond (); } #endif /* advance */ #define unary_advance() do { advance (1); ++pos; } while (0) /* * beyond - call when we're beyond the end of the argument list (an * error condition) */ static int beyond () { test_syntax_error ("argument expected\n", (char *)NULL); } /* Syntax error for when an integer argument was expected, but something else was found. */ static void integer_expected_error (pch) char *pch; { test_syntax_error ("integer expression expected %s\n", pch); } /* Return non-zero if the characters pointed to by STRING constitute a valid number. Stuff the converted number into RESULT if RESULT is a non-null pointer to a long. */ static int isint (string, result) register char *string; long *result; { int sign; long value; sign = 1; value = 0; if (result) *result = 0; /* Skip leading whitespace characters. */ while (whitespace (*string)) string++; if (!*string) return (0); /* We allow leading `-' or `+'. */ if (*string == '-' || *string == '+') { if (!digit (string[1])) return (0); if (*string == '-') sign = -1; string++; } while (digit (*string)) { if (result) value = (value * 10) + digit_value (*string); string++; } /* Skip trailing whitespace, if any. */ while (whitespace (*string)) string++; /* Error if not at end of string. */ if (*string) return (0); if (result) { value *= sign; *result = value; } return (1); } /* Find the modification time of FILE, and stuff it into AGE, a pointer to a long. Return non-zero if successful, else zero. */ static int age_of (filename, age) char *filename; long *age; { struct stat finfo; if (test_stat (filename, &finfo) < 0) return (0); if (age) *age = finfo.st_mtime; return (1); } /* * term - parse a term and return 1 or 0 depending on whether the term * evaluates to true or false, respectively. * * term ::= * '-'('h'|'d'|'f'|'r'|'s'|'w'|'c'|'b'|'p'|'u'|'g'|'k') filename * '-'('L'|'x') filename * '-t' [ int ] * '-'('z'|'n') string * string * string ('!='|'=') string * '-'(eq|ne|le|lt|ge|gt) * file '-'(nt|ot|ef) file * '(' ')' * int ::= * '-l' string * positive and negative integers */ static int term () { int value; if (pos >= argc) beyond (); /* Deal with leading "not"'s. */ if ('!' == argv[pos][0] && '\000' == argv[pos][1]) { value = FALSE; while (pos < argc && '!' == argv[pos][0] && '\000' == argv[pos][1]) { advance (1); value ^= (TRUE); } return (value ^ (term ())); } /* A paren-bracketed argument. */ if (argv[pos][0] == '(' && !argv[pos][1]) { advance (1); value = expr (); if (argv[pos] == 0) test_syntax_error ("`)' expected\n"); else if (argv[pos][0] != ')' || argv[pos][1]) test_syntax_error ("`)' expected, found %s\n", argv[pos]); advance (0); return (TRUE == (value)); } /* are there enough arguments left that this could be dyadic? */ if (((pos + 3 <= argc) && binop (argv[pos + 1])) || ((pos + 4 <= argc && STREQ (argv[pos], "-l") && binop (argv[pos + 2])))) value = binary_operator (); /* Might be a switch type argument */ else if ('-' == argv[pos][0] && 0 == argv[pos][2]) { if (unop (argv[pos][1])) value = unary_operator (); else test_syntax_error ("%s: unary operator expected\n", argv[pos]); } else { value = (argv[pos][0] != '\0'); advance (0); } return (value); } static int binary_operator () { register int op; struct stat stat_buf, stat_spare; long int l, r, value; /* Are the left and right integer expressions of the form '-l string'? */ int l_is_l, r_is_l; if (argv[pos][0] == '-' && argv[pos][1] == 'l' && !argv[pos][2]) { l_is_l = 1; op = pos + 2; /* Make sure that OP is still a valid binary operator. */ if ((op >= argc - 1) || (binop (argv[op]) == 0)) test_syntax_error ("%s: binary operator expected\n", argv[op]); advance (0); } else { l_is_l = 0; op = pos + 1; } if ((op < argc - 2) && (argv[op + 1][0] == '-' && argv[op + 1][1] == 'l' && !argv[op + 1][2])) { r_is_l = 1; advance (0); } else r_is_l = 0; if (argv[op][0] == '-') { /* check for eq, nt, and stuff */ switch (argv[op][1]) { default: break; case 'l': if (argv[op][2] == 't' && !argv[op][3]) { /* lt */ if (l_is_l) l = strlen (argv[op - 1]); else { if (!isint (argv[op - 1], &l)) integer_expected_error ("before -lt"); } if (r_is_l) r = strlen (argv[op + 2]); else { if (!isint (argv[op + 1], &r)) integer_expected_error ("after -lt"); } pos += 3; return (TRUE == (l < r)); } if (argv[op][2] == 'e' && !argv[op][3]) { /* le */ if (l_is_l) l = strlen (argv[op - 1]); else { if (!isint (argv[op - 1], &l)) integer_expected_error ("before -le"); } if (r_is_l) r = strlen (argv[op + 2]); else { if (!isint (argv[op + 1], &r)) integer_expected_error ("after -le"); } pos += 3; return (TRUE == (l <= r)); } break; case 'g': if (argv[op][2] == 't' && !argv[op][3]) { /* gt integer greater than */ if (l_is_l) l = strlen (argv[op - 1]); else { if (!isint (argv[op - 1], &l)) integer_expected_error ("before -gt"); } if (r_is_l) r = strlen (argv[op + 2]); else { if (!isint (argv[op + 1], &r)) integer_expected_error ("after -gt"); } pos += 3; return (TRUE == (l > r)); } if (argv[op][2] == 'e' && !argv[op][3]) { /* ge - integer greater than or equal to */ if (l_is_l) l = strlen (argv[op - 1]); else { if (!isint (argv[op - 1], &l)) integer_expected_error ("before -ge"); } if (r_is_l) r = strlen (argv[op + 2]); else { if (!isint (argv[op + 1], &r)) integer_expected_error ("after -ge"); } pos += 3; return (TRUE == (l >= r)); } break; case 'n': if (argv[op][2] == 't' && !argv[op][3]) { /* nt - newer than */ pos += 3; if (l_is_l || r_is_l) test_syntax_error ("-nt does not accept -l\n", (char *)NULL); if (age_of (argv[op - 1], &l) && age_of (argv[op + 1], &r)) return (TRUE == (l > r)); else return (FALSE); } if (argv[op][2] == 'e' && !argv[op][3]) { /* ne - integer not equal */ if (l_is_l) l = strlen (argv[op - 1]); else { if (!isint (argv[op - 1], &l)) integer_expected_error ("before -ne"); } if (r_is_l) r = strlen (argv[op + 2]); else { if (!isint (argv[op + 1], &r)) integer_expected_error ("after -ne"); } pos += 3; return (TRUE == (l != r)); } break; case 'e': if (argv[op][2] == 'q' && !argv[op][3]) { /* eq - integer equal */ if (l_is_l) l = strlen (argv[op - 1]); else { if (!isint (argv[op - 1], &l)) integer_expected_error ("before -eq"); } if (r_is_l) r = strlen (argv[op + 2]); else { if (!isint (argv[op + 1], &r)) integer_expected_error ("after -eq"); } pos += 3; return (TRUE == (l == r)); } if (argv[op][2] == 'f' && !argv[op][3]) { /* ef - hard link? */ pos += 3; if (l_is_l || r_is_l) test_syntax_error ("-ef does not accept -l\n", (char *)NULL); if (test_stat (argv[op - 1], &stat_buf) < 0) return (FALSE); if (test_stat (argv[op + 1], &stat_spare) < 0) return (FALSE); return (TRUE == (stat_buf.st_dev == stat_spare.st_dev && stat_buf.st_ino == stat_spare.st_ino)); } break; case 'o': if ('t' == argv[op][2] && '\000' == argv[op][3]) { /* ot - older than */ pos += 3; if (l_is_l || r_is_l) test_syntax_error ("-nt does not accept -l\n", (char *)NULL); if (age_of (argv[op - 1], &l) && age_of (argv[op + 1], &r)) return (TRUE == (l < r)); return (FALSE); } break; } test_syntax_error ("%s: unknown binary operator", argv[op]); } if (argv[op][0] == '=' && !argv[op][1]) { value = (argv[pos][0] == argv[pos+2][0]) && (strcmp (argv[pos], argv[pos + 2]) == 0); pos += 3; return (TRUE == value); } if (argv[op][0] == '!' && argv[op][1] == '=' && !argv[op][2]) { value = (argv[pos][0] != argv[pos + 2][0]) || (strcmp (argv[pos], argv[pos + 2]) != 0); pos += 3; return (TRUE == value); } return (FALSE); } static int unary_operator () { long r, value; struct stat stat_buf; switch (argv[pos][1]) { default: return (FALSE); /* All of the following unary operators use unary_advance (), which checks to make sure that there is an argument, and then advances pos right past it. This means that pos - 1 is the location of the argument. */ case 'a': /* file exists in the file system? */ case 'e': unary_advance (); value = -1 != test_stat (argv[pos - 1], &stat_buf); return (TRUE == value); case 'r': /* file is readable? */ unary_advance (); value = -1 != EACCESS (argv[pos - 1], R_OK); return (TRUE == value); case 'w': /* File is writeable? */ unary_advance (); value = -1 != EACCESS (argv[pos - 1], W_OK); return (TRUE == value); case 'x': /* File is executable? */ unary_advance (); value = -1 != EACCESS (argv[pos - 1], X_OK); return (TRUE == value); case 'O': /* File is owned by you? */ unary_advance (); if (test_stat (argv[pos - 1], &stat_buf) < 0) return (FALSE); #if defined (SHELL) return (TRUE == ((UID_T) current_user.euid == (UID_T) stat_buf.st_uid)); #else return (TRUE == ((UID_T) geteuid () == (UID_T) stat_buf.st_uid)); #endif /* !SHEL */ case 'G': /* File is owned by your group? */ unary_advance (); if (test_stat (argv[pos - 1], &stat_buf) < 0) return (FALSE); return (TRUE == ((GID_T) getegid () == (GID_T) stat_buf.st_gid)); case 'f': /* File is a file? */ unary_advance (); if (test_stat (argv[pos - 1], &stat_buf) < 0) return (FALSE); /* Under POSIX, -f is true if the given file exists and is a regular file. */ #if defined (S_IFMT) return (TRUE == ((S_ISREG (stat_buf.st_mode)) || (0 == (stat_buf.st_mode & S_IFMT)))); #else return (TRUE == (S_ISREG (stat_buf.st_mode))); #endif /* !S_IFMT */ case 'd': /* File is a directory? */ unary_advance (); if (test_stat (argv[pos - 1], &stat_buf) < 0) return (FALSE); return (TRUE == (S_ISDIR (stat_buf.st_mode))); case 's': /* File has something in it? */ unary_advance (); if (test_stat (argv[pos - 1], &stat_buf) < 0) return (FALSE); return (TRUE == (stat_buf.st_size > (off_t) 0)); case 'S': /* File is a socket? */ #if !defined (S_ISSOCK) return (FALSE); #else unary_advance (); if (test_stat (argv[pos - 1], &stat_buf) < 0) return (FALSE); return (TRUE == (S_ISSOCK (stat_buf.st_mode))); #endif /* S_ISSOCK */ case 'c': /* File is character special? */ unary_advance (); if (test_stat (argv[pos - 1], &stat_buf) < 0) return (FALSE); return (TRUE == (S_ISCHR (stat_buf.st_mode))); case 'b': /* File is block special? */ unary_advance (); if (test_stat (argv[pos - 1], &stat_buf) < 0) return (FALSE); return (TRUE == (S_ISBLK (stat_buf.st_mode))); case 'p': /* File is a named pipe? */ unary_advance (); #ifndef S_ISFIFO return (FALSE); #else if (test_stat (argv[pos - 1], &stat_buf) < 0) return (FALSE); return (TRUE == (S_ISFIFO (stat_buf.st_mode))); #endif /* S_ISFIFO */ case 'L': /* Same as -h */ /*FALLTHROUGH*/ case 'h': /* File is a symbolic link? */ unary_advance (); #ifndef S_ISLNK return (FALSE); #else /* An empty filename is not a valid pathname. */ if ((argv[pos - 1][0] == '\0') || (lstat (argv[pos - 1], &stat_buf) < 0)) return (FALSE); return (TRUE == (S_ISLNK (stat_buf.st_mode))); #endif /* S_IFLNK */ case 'u': /* File is setuid? */ unary_advance (); if (test_stat (argv[pos - 1], &stat_buf) < 0) return (FALSE); return (TRUE == (0 != (stat_buf.st_mode & S_ISUID))); case 'g': /* File is setgid? */ unary_advance (); if (test_stat (argv[pos - 1], &stat_buf) < 0) return (FALSE); return (TRUE == (0 != (stat_buf.st_mode & S_ISGID))); case 'k': /* File has sticky bit set? */ unary_advance (); if (test_stat (argv[pos - 1], &stat_buf) < 0) return (FALSE); #if !defined (S_ISVTX) /* This is not Posix, and is not defined on some Posix systems. */ return (FALSE); #else return (TRUE == (0 != (stat_buf.st_mode & S_ISVTX))); #endif case 't': /* File (fd) is a terminal? (fd) defaults to stdout. */ advance (0); if (pos < argc && isint (argv[pos], &r)) { advance (0); return (TRUE == (isatty ((int) r))); } return (TRUE == (isatty (1))); case 'n': /* True if arg has some length. */ unary_advance (); return (TRUE == (argv[pos - 1][0] != 0)); case 'z': /* True if arg has no length. */ unary_advance (); return (TRUE == (argv[pos - 1][0] == '\0')); } } /* * and: * term * term '-a' and */ static int and () { int value; value = term (); while (pos < argc && argv[pos][0] == '-' && argv[pos][1] == 'a' && !argv[pos][2]) { advance (0); value = TRUTH_AND (value, and ()); } return (TRUE == value); } /* * or: * and * and '-o' or */ static int or () { int value; value = and (); while (pos < argc && argv[pos][0] == '-' && argv[pos][1] == 'o' && !argv[pos][2]) { advance (0); value = TRUTH_OR (value, or ()); } return (TRUE == value); } /* * expr: * or */ static int expr () { if (pos >= argc) beyond (); return (FALSE ^ (or ())); /* Same with this. */ } /* Return TRUE if S is one of the test command's binary operators. */ static int binop (s) char *s; { return ((STREQ (s, "=")) || (STREQ (s, "!=")) || (STREQ (s, "-nt")) || (STREQ (s, "-ot")) || (STREQ (s, "-ef")) || (STREQ (s, "-eq")) || (STREQ (s, "-ne")) || (STREQ (s, "-lt")) || (STREQ (s, "-le")) || (STREQ (s, "-gt")) || (STREQ (s, "-ge"))); } /* Return non-zero if OP is one of the test command's unary operators. */ static int unop (op) int op; { return (member (op, "abcdefgkLhprsStuwxOGnz")); } static int two_arguments () { int value; if (argv[pos][0] == '!' && !argv[pos][1]) value = argv[pos + 1][0] == '\0'; else if ((argv[pos][0] == '-') && (argv[pos][2] == '\0')) { if (unop (argv[pos][1])) value = unary_operator (); else test_syntax_error ("%s: unary operator expected\n", argv[pos]); } else test_syntax_error ("%s: unary operator expected\n", argv[pos]); return (value); } static int three_arguments () { int value; if (argv[pos][0] == '!' && !argv[pos][1]) { advance (1); value = !two_arguments (); } else if (binop (argv[pos+1])) { value = binary_operator (); pos = argc; } /* Check for -a or -o or a parenthesized subexpression. */ else if ((argv[pos+1][0] == '-' && !argv[pos+1][2] && (argv[pos+1][1] == 'a' || argv[pos+1][1] == 'o')) || (argv[pos][0] == '(')) value = expr (); else test_syntax_error ("%s: binary operator expected\n", argv[pos+1]); return (value); } /* This is an implementation of a Posix.2 proposal by David Korn. */ static int posixtest () { int value; switch (argc - 1) /* one extra passed in */ { case 0: value = FALSE; pos = argc; break; case 1: value = argv[1][0] != '\0'; pos = argc; break; case 2: value = two_arguments (); pos = argc; break; case 3: value = three_arguments (); break; case 4: if (STREQ (argv[pos], "!")) { advance (1); value = !three_arguments (); break; } /* FALLTHROUGH */ case 5: default: value = expr (); } return (value); } /* * [: * '[' expr ']' * test: * test expr */ int #if defined (STANDALONE) main (margc, margv) #else test_command (margc, margv) #endif /* STANDALONE */ int margc; char **margv; { int value; #if !defined (STANDALONE) int code; code = setjmp (test_exit_buf); if (code) return (test_error_return); #endif /* STANDALONE */ argv = margv; if (margv[0] && margv[0][0] == '[' && !margv[0][1]) { --margc; if (margc < 2) test_exit (SHELL_BOOLEAN (FALSE)); if (margv[margc] && (margv[margc][0] != ']' || margv[margc][1])) test_syntax_error ("missing `]'\n", (char *)NULL); } argc = margc; pos = 1; if (pos >= argc) test_exit (SHELL_BOOLEAN (FALSE)); noeval = 0; value = posixtest (); if (pos != argc) test_syntax_error ("too many arguments\n", (char *)NULL); test_exit (SHELL_BOOLEAN (value)); } bash-1.14.3/tests/ 775 436 0 0 5671137141 11742 5ustar chetwheelbash-1.14.3/tests/misc/ 775 436 0 0 5620516022 12666 5ustar chetwheelbash-1.14.3/tests/misc/chld-trap.sh 755 436 0 237 5043443774 15157 0ustar chetwheel#! /bin/sh # # show that setting a trap on SIGCHLD is not disastrous. # trap 'echo caught a child death' SIGCHLD sleep 5 & sleep 5 & sleep 5 & wait exit 0 bash-1.14.3/tests/misc/dot-test-1.sh 644 436 0 77 5216205631 15147 0ustar chetwheelecho this is $0 . ./dot-test-1.sub echo after . dot-test-1.sub bash-1.14.3/tests/misc/dot-test-1.sub 644 436 0 34 5216205571 15322 0ustar chetwheelecho this is dot-test-1.sub bash-1.14.3/tests/misc/gotest 644 436 0 555 5615273755 14202 0ustar chetwheelaflag= bflag= while getopts ab: name do case $name in a) aflag=1 ;; b) bflag=1 bval=$OPTARG;; ?) echo Usage: $0 [-a] [-b value] args exit 2;; esac done if [ ! -z "$aflag" ] ; then echo -a specified ; fi if [ ! -z "$bflag" ] ; then echo -b $bval specified ; fi if [ "$OPTIND" -gt 1 ] then shift $(( $OPTIND - 1 )) fi echo remaining args: "$*" exit 0 bash-1.14.3/tests/misc/perf-script 664 436 0 2345 5542402612 15135 0ustar chetwheel#!/bin/bash typeset -i m2 m1 M n2 n1 N m n typeset -i MM=5 NN=5 case $# in 0) : ;; 1) MM=$1; NN=$1 ;; 2) MM=$1; NN=$2 ;; *) echo 1>&2 "Usage: $0 [m [n]]" ;; esac EMPTYLINE=: # echo echo 'a = { ' # mathematica let "M=1" # for (M=1; M<=MM; M++) while let "M <= MM"; do let "N=1" # for (N=1; N<=NN; N++) while let "N <= NN"; do let "m1 = M - 1" let "m2 = M + 1" let "n1 = N - 1" let "n2 = N + 1" echo -n '{ ' # math let "m=1" # for(m=1; m<=MM; m++) while let "m <= MM"; do let "n=1" # for(n=1; n<=NN; n++) while let "n <= NN"; do let "x = (m-m1)*(m-M)*(m-m2)" let "y = (n-n1)*(n-N)*(n-n2)" if let "(x*x + (n-N)*(n-N)) * ((m-M)*(m-M) + y*y)"; then echo -n "0," else # neighbour echo -n "1," fi let "n=n+1" done echo -n " "; let "m=m+1" # ". " done echo '},' let "N=N+1" $EMPTYLINE done $EMPTYLINE let "M=M+1" done echo '}' echo -n 'o = { ' let "m=1" while let "m <= MM"; do let "n=1" while let "n <= NN"; do echo -n "1," let "n=n+1" done let "m=m+1" done echo " }" echo 'x = LinearSolve[a,o] ' exit 0 bash-1.14.3/tests/misc/redir.t1.sh 644 436 0 351 5542350770 14720 0ustar chetwheelread line1 echo read line1 \"$line1\" exec 4a exec 5>b echo "Point 2" echo to a 1>&4 echo to b 1>&5 exec 11&4 echo to b 1>&5 exit 0 bash-1.14.3/tests/misc/run.r1.sh 775 436 0 27 5542351030 14370 0ustar chetwheel../../bash redir.t1.sh bash-1.14.3/tests/misc/run.r2.sh 755 436 0 47 5542351051 14374 0ustar chetwheel../../bash ./redir.t2.sh < /etc/passwd bash-1.14.3/tests/misc/run.r3.sh 755 436 0 112 5542351072 14411 0ustar chetwheel# # the `after exec in ...' should not be echoed ../../bash < redir.t3.sh bash-1.14.3/tests/misc/sigint.t1.sh 755 436 0 147 5147611151 15110 0ustar chetwheelecho before trap trap 'echo caught sigint' 2 echo after trap for i in 1 2 3 do echo $i sleep 5 done bash-1.14.3/tests/misc/sigint.t2.sh 755 436 0 73 5147617177 15105 0ustar chetwheelecho before loop for i in 1 2 3 do echo $i sleep 5 done bash-1.14.3/tests/misc/sigint.t3.sh 755 436 0 110 5147617373 15114 0ustar chetwheelsleep 5 & sleep 5 & sleep 5 & echo wait 1 wait echo wait 2 wait exit bash-1.14.3/tests/misc/sigint.t4.sh 755 436 0 136 5147617474 15127 0ustar chetwheeltrap 'echo sigint' 2 sleep 5 & sleep 5 & sleep 5 & echo wait 1 wait echo wait 2 wait exit bash-1.14.3/tests/misc/test-minus-e.1 644 436 0 232 5505127364 15346 0ustar chetwheeltouch .file while set -e ; test -r .file ; do echo -n "stop loop? " read reply case "$reply" in y*) rm .file non-dash-file ;; esac set +e done bash-1.14.3/tests/misc/test-minus-e.2 644 436 0 277 5505127507 15357 0ustar chetwheeltouch .file set -e while set +e ; test -r .file ; do echo -n "stop loop? [yes to quit] " read reply if [ "$reply" = yes ] ; then rm .file non-dash-file fi set -e done rm -f .file bash-1.14.3/tests/README 664 436 0 23 5513053154 12631 0ustar chetwheelType `sh run-all'. bash-1.14.3/tests/dollar-at.sh 755 436 0 13 5577656351 14206 0ustar chetwheelrecho "$@" bash-1.14.3/tests/dollar-star.sh 755 436 0 13 5577656067 14557 0ustar chetwheelrecho "$*" bash-1.14.3/tests/dollar.right 664 436 0 54 5577656424 14314 0ustar chetwheelargv[1] = argv[1] = argv[2] = bash-1.14.3/tests/exp-tests 644 436 0 12104 5455065407 13722 0ustar chetwheel# # A suite of tests for bash word expansions # # This tests parameter and variable expansion, with an empahsis on # proper quoting behavior. # # Chet Ramey # # If you comment out the body of this function, you can do a diff against # `expansion-tests.right' to see if the shell is behaving correctly # expect() { echo expect "$@" } # Test the substitution quoting characters (CTLESC and CTLNUL) in different # combinations expect "<^A>" recho `echo ''` expect "<^A>" recho `echo ""` expect "<^B>" recho `echo ''` expect "<^B>" recho `echo ""` expect "<^A>" recho `echo ` expect "<^B>" recho `echo ` # Test null strings without variable expansion expect "" recho abcd""efgh expect "" recho abcd''efgh expect "" recho ""abcdefgh expect "" recho ''abcdefgh expect "" recho abcd"" expect "" recho abcd'' # Test the quirky behavior of $@ in "" expect nothing recho "$@" expect "< >" recho " $@" expect "<-->" recho "-${@}-" # Test null strings with variable expansion that fails expect '<>' recho $xxx"" expect '<>' recho ""$xxx expect '<>' recho $xxx'' expect '<>' recho ''$xxx expect '<>' recho $xxx""$yyy expect '<>' recho $xxx''$yyy # Test null strings with variable expansion that succeeds xxx=abc yyy=def expect '' recho $xxx"" expect '' recho ""$xxx expect '' recho $xxx'' expect '' recho ''$xxx expect '' recho $xxx""$yyy expect '' recho $xxx''$yyy unset xxx yyy # Test the unquoted special quoting characters expect "<^A>" recho  expect "<^B>" recho  expect "<^A>" recho "" expect "<^B>" recho "" expect "<^A>" recho '' expect "<^B>" recho '' # Test expansion of a variable that is unset expect nothing recho $xxx expect '<>' recho "$xxx" expect nothing recho "$xxx${@}" # Test empty string expansion expect '<>' recho "" expect '<>' recho '' # Test command substitution with (disabled) history substitution expect '' # set +H recho "`echo \"Hello world!\"`" # Test some shell special characters expect '<`>' recho "\`" expect '<">' recho "\"" expect '<\^A>' recho "\" expect '<\$>' recho "\\$" expect '<\\>' recho "\\\\" # This should give argv[1] = a argv[2] = b expect ' ' FOO=`echo 'a b' | tr ' ' '\012'` recho $FOO # This should give argv[1] = ^A argv[2] = ^B expect '<^A> <^B>' FOO=`echo ' ' | tr ' ' '\012'` recho $FOO # Test quoted and unquoted globbing characters expect '<**>' recho "*"* expect '<\.\./*/>' recho "\.\./*/" # Test patterns that come up when the shell quotes funny character # combinations expect '<^A^B^A^B>' recho '' expect '<^A^A>' recho '' expect '<^A^B>' recho '' expect '<^A^A^B>' recho '' # More tests of "$@" expect '< abc> ' set abc def ghi jkl recho " $@ " expect '<--abc> ' set abc def ghi jkl recho "--$@--" expect '< >' recho " " expect '< - >' recho " - " # Test combinations of different types of quoting in a fully-quoted string # (so the WHOLLY_QUOTED tests fail and it doesn't get set) expect '' recho "/^root:/{s/^[^:]*:[^:]*:\([^:]*\).*"'$'"/\1/" # Test the various Posix parameter expansions expect '' recho "${x:-$(echo "foo bar")}" expect ' ' recho ${x:-$(echo "foo bar")} unset X expect '' recho ${X:=abc} expect '' recho $X set a b c expect '' recho ${3:+posix} POSIX=/usr/posix expect '<10>' recho ${#POSIX} # remove shortest trailing match x=file.c expect '' recho ${x%.c}.o # remove longest trailing match x=posix/src/std expect '' recho ${x%%/*} # remove shortest leading pattern x=$HOME/src/cmd expect '' recho ${x#$HOME} # remove longest leading pattern x=/one/two/three expect '' recho ${x##*/} # Command substitution and the quirky differences between `` and $() expect '<\$x>' recho '\$x' expect '<$x>' recho `echo '\$x'` expect '<\$x>' recho $(echo '\$x') # The difference between $* "$*" and "$@" set "abc" "def ghi" "jkl" expect ' ' recho $* expect '' recho "$*" OIFS="$IFS" IFS=":$IFS" # The special behavior of "$*", using the first character of $IFS as separator expect '' recho "$*" IFS="$OIFS" expect ' ' recho "$@" expect ' ' recho "xx$@yy" expect ' ' recho "$@$@" foo=abc bar=def expect '' recho "$foo""$bar" unset foo set $foo bar '' xyz "$foo" abc expect ' <> <> ' recho "$@" # More tests of quoting and deferred evaluation foo=10 x=foo y='$'$x expect '<$foo>' recho $y eval y='$'$x expect '<10>' recho $y # case statements NL=' ' x='ab cd' expect '' case "$x" in *$NL*) recho "newline expected" ;; esac expect '' case \? in *"?"*) recho "got it" ;; esac expect '' case \? in *\?*) recho "got it" ;; esac set one two three four five expect ' ' recho $1 $3 ${5} $8 ${9} expect '<5> <5>' recho $# ${#} expect '<42>' recho $((28 + 14)) expect '<26>' recho $[ 13 * 2 ] expect '<\>' recho `echo \\\\` expect '<~>' recho '~' expect nothing recho $! bash-1.14.3/tests/exp.right 664 436 0 3600 5455065456 13665 0ustar chetwheelargv[1] = <^A> argv[1] = <^A> argv[1] = <^B> argv[1] = <^B> argv[1] = <^A> argv[1] = <^B> argv[1] = argv[1] = argv[1] = argv[1] = argv[1] = argv[1] = argv[1] = < > argv[1] = <--> argv[1] = <> argv[1] = <> argv[1] = <> argv[1] = <> argv[1] = <> argv[1] = <> argv[1] = argv[1] = argv[1] = argv[1] = argv[1] = argv[1] = argv[1] = <^A> argv[1] = <^B> argv[1] = <^A> argv[1] = <^B> argv[1] = <^A> argv[1] = <^B> argv[1] = <> argv[1] = <> argv[1] = <> argv[1] = argv[1] = <`> argv[1] = <"> argv[1] = <\^A> argv[1] = <\$> argv[1] = <\\> argv[1] = argv[2] = argv[1] = <^A> argv[2] = <^B> argv[1] = <**> argv[1] = <\.\./*/> argv[1] = <^A^B^A^B> argv[1] = <^A^A> argv[1] = <^A^B> argv[1] = <^A^A^B> argv[1] = < abc> argv[2] = argv[3] = argv[4] = argv[1] = <--abc> argv[2] = argv[3] = argv[4] = argv[1] = < > argv[1] = < - > argv[1] = argv[1] = argv[1] = argv[2] = argv[1] = argv[1] = argv[1] = argv[1] = <10> argv[1] = argv[1] = argv[1] = argv[1] = argv[1] = <\$x> argv[1] = <$x> argv[1] = <\$x> argv[1] = argv[2] = argv[3] = argv[4] = argv[1] = argv[1] = argv[1] = argv[2] = argv[3] = argv[1] = argv[2] = argv[3] = argv[1] = argv[2] = argv[3] = argv[4] = argv[5] = argv[1] = argv[1] = argv[2] = <> argv[3] = argv[4] = <> argv[5] = argv[1] = <$foo> argv[1] = <10> argv[1] = argv[1] = argv[1] = argv[1] = argv[2] = argv[3] = argv[1] = <5> argv[2] = <5> argv[1] = <42> argv[1] = <26> argv[1] = <\> argv[1] = <~> bash-1.14.3/tests/glob-test 644 436 0 4552 5671137041 13650 0ustar chetwheel# # test the shell globbing # expect() { echo expect "$@" } TESTDIR=/tmp/glob-test rm -rf $TESTDIR mkdir $TESTDIR cd $TESTDIR touch a b c d abc abd abe bb bcd ca cb dd de mkdir bdir # see if `regular' globbing works right expect ' ' recho a* X* expect ' ' recho \a* # see if null glob expansion works allow_null_glob_expansion= expect ' ' recho a* X* unset allow_null_glob_expansion # see if the code that expands directories only works expect '' recho b*/ # Test quoted and unquoted globbing characters expect '<*>' recho \* expect '' recho 'a*' expect '' recho a\* expect ' <*q*>' recho c* a\* *q* expect '<**>' recho "*"* expect '<**>' recho \** expect '<\.\./*/>' recho "\.\./*/" expect '' recho 's/\..*//' # Pattern from Larry Wall's Configure that caused bash to blow up expect '' recho "/^root:/{s/^[^:]*:[^:]*:\([^:]*\).*"'$'"/\1/" # Make sure character classes work properly expect ' ' recho [a-c]b* expect '
' recho [a-y]*[^c] expect ' ' recho a*[^c] touch a-b aXb expect ' ' recho a[X-]b touch .x .y expect '
argv[9] = argv[1] = argv[2] = argv[1] = argv[2] = argv[1] = argv[2] =
argv[3] = argv[1] = argv[1] = no match not there argv[1] = argv[1] = argv[1] = argv[1] = match match ok ok ok ok ok bash-1.14.3/tests/ifs-test-1.sh 644 436 0 77 4662114334 14212 0ustar chetwheelOIFS="$IFS" IFS=":$IFS" eval foo="a:b:c" IFS="$OIFS" echo $foo bash-1.14.3/tests/ifs-test-2.sh 644 436 0 122 4662114530 14220 0ustar chetwheelOIFS=$IFS IFS=":$IFS" foo=$(echo a:b:c) IFS=$OIFS for i in $foo do echo $i done bash-1.14.3/tests/ifs-test-3.sh 644 436 0 121 5216206303 14214 0ustar chetwheelOIFS=$IFS IFS=":$IFS" foo=`echo a:b:c` IFS=$OIFS for i in $foo do echo $i done bash-1.14.3/tests/ifs.1.right 664 436 0 6 5513043033 13704 0ustar chetwheela:b:c bash-1.14.3/tests/ifs.2.right 664 436 0 6 5513043064 13711 0ustar chetwheela:b:c bash-1.14.3/tests/ifs.3.right 664 436 0 6 5513043133 13707 0ustar chetwheela:b:c bash-1.14.3/tests/input-line.sh 644 436 0 173 5216204376 14421 0ustar chetwheelecho before calling input-line.sub ../bash ./input-line.sub this line for input-line.sub echo finished with input-line.sub bash-1.14.3/tests/input-line.sub 644 436 0 55 5156045246 14561 0ustar chetwheelread line echo line read by $0 was \`$line\' bash-1.14.3/tests/input.right 664 436 0 174 5513044404 14174 0ustar chetwheelbefore calling input-line.sub line read by ./input-line.sub was `this line for input-line.sub' finished with input-line.sub bash-1.14.3/tests/minus-e 644 436 0 50 5026011255 13242 0ustar chetwheelset -e if set +e then false fi echo hi bash-1.14.3/tests/minus-e.right 664 436 0 3 5513045774 14354 0ustar chetwheelhi bash-1.14.3/tests/new-exp.tests 664 436 0 3443 5545117535 14502 0ustar chetwheelexpect() { echo expect "$@" } HOME=/usr/homes/chet # to make the check against new-exp.right work expect '' recho "${undef-"foo bar"}" # should be foo bar expect '' recho "${und="foo"}" # should be foo expect "<$HOME>" recho ${HOME-"}"} expect "<$HOME>" recho "${HOME-'}'}" expect "<$HOME>" recho "${HOME-"}"}" expect $0: '${HOME:`echo }`}: bad substitution' recho "${HOME:`echo }`}" # should be an error -- bad substitution expect $0: '${_ENV[(_$-=0)+(_=1)-_${-%%*i*}]}: bad substitution' x=${_ENV[(_$-=0)+(_=1)-_${-%%*i*}]} # memory leak expect "<$HOME>" recho ${HOME} expect "<$HOME>" recho ${HOME:-`echo }`} expect "<$HOME>" recho ${HOME:-`echo "}"`} expect "<$HOME>" recho "${HOME:-`echo "}"`}" expect "<$HOME>" recho "$(echo "${HOME}")" expect "<$HOME>" recho "$(echo "$(echo ${HOME})")" expect "<$HOME>" recho "$(echo "$(echo "${HOME}")")" P=*@* expect '<*@>' recho "${P%"*"}" # should be *@ expect '<@*>' recho "${P#\*}" # should be @* expect '<)>' recho "$(echo ")")" # should be ) expect '<")">' recho "$(echo "\")\"")" # should be ")" foo='abcd ' expect '<-abcd> <->' recho -${foo}- # should be -abcd - expect '<-abcd> <->' recho -${foo% *}- # should be -abcd - expect '<-abcd->' recho -${foo%% *}- # should be -abcd- set a b c d e expect '' IFS="" recho "$@" IFS=' ' foo=bar expect '' echo -n $foo' ' ; echo foo expect '' echo -n $foo" " ; echo foo expect '' echo -n "$foo " ; echo foo expect '' echo -e "$foo\c " ; echo foo expect '' echo -e $foo"\c " ; echo foo set -u expect $0: ABX: unbound variable recho ${ABX} set +u expect $0: '$6: cannot assign in this way' recho ${6="arg6"} expect a newline echo $abmcde # this must be last! expect $0: 'ABXD: parameter unset' recho ${ABXD:?"parameter unset"} bash-1.14.3/tests/new-exp.right 664 436 0 1400 5542404500 14430 0ustar chetwheelargv[1] = argv[1] = argv[1] = argv[1] = argv[1] = ./new-exp.tests: ${HOME:`echo }`}: bad substitution ./new-exp.tests: ${_ENV[(_$-=0)+(_=1)-_${-%%*i*}]}: bad substitution argv[1] = argv[1] = argv[1] = argv[1] = argv[1] = argv[1] = argv[1] = argv[1] = <*@> argv[1] = <@*> argv[1] = <)> argv[1] = <")"> argv[1] = <-abcd> argv[2] = <-> argv[1] = <-abcd> argv[2] = <-> argv[1] = <-abcd-> argv[1] = bar foo bar foo bar foo bar foo bar foo ./new-exp.tests: ABX: unbound variable ./new-exp.tests: $6: cannot assign in this way ./new-exp.tests: ABXD: parameter unset bash-1.14.3/tests/run-all 775 436 0 314 5607251522 13277 0ustar chetwheel#! /bin/sh PATH=$PATH:. export PATH echo Any output from any test indicates an anomaly worth investigating for x in run-* do case $x in $0) ;; *.orig|*~) ;; *) echo $x ; sh $x ;; esac done exit 0 bash-1.14.3/tests/prec.right 664 436 0 1566 5513043220 14007 0ustar chetwheel`Say' echos its argument. Its return value is of no interest. `Truth' echos its argument and returns a TRUE result. `False' echos its argument and returns a FALSE result. Truth 1 && Truth 2 || Say 3 output=12 ( Truth 1 && Truth 2 ) || Say 3 output=12 Truth 1 && False 2 || Say 3 output=123 ( Truth 1 && False 2 ) || Say 3 output=123 False 1 && Truth 2 || Say 3 output=13 ( False 1 && Truth 2 ) || Say 3 output=13 False 1 && False 2 || Say 3 output=13 ( False 1 && False 2 ) || Say 3 output=13 Truth 1 || Truth 2 && Say 3 output=13 Truth 1 || ( Truth 2 && Say 3 ) output=1 Truth 1 || False 2 && Say 3 output=13 Truth 1 || ( False 2 && Say 3 ) output=1 False 1 || Truth 2 && Say 3 output=123 False 1 || ( Truth 2 && Say 3 ) output=123 False 1 || False 2 && Say 3 output=12 False 1 || ( False 2 && Say 3 ) output=12 bash-1.14.3/tests/precedence 755 436 0 2277 5513053302 14042 0ustar chetwheel# @(#)precedence_test 1.0 91/07/24 Maarten Litmaath # test of relative precedences for `&&' and `||' operators echo "\`Say' echos its argument. Its return value is of no interest." case `echo -n` in '') Say () { echo -n "$*" ; } ;; *) Say () { echo "$*\c" ; } ;; esac echo "\`Truth' echos its argument and returns a TRUE result." Truth () { Say $1; return 0; } echo "\`False' echos its argument and returns a FALSE result." False () { Say $1; return 1; } echo "" cmd1='$open $test1 && $test2 $close || $test3' cmd2='$test1 || $open $test2 && $test3 $close' grouping_sh= grouping_C='( )' test3='Say 3' for i in 1 2 do eval proto=\$cmd$i for test1 in 'Truth 1' 'False 1' do for test2 in 'Truth 2' 'False 2' do for precedence in sh C do eval set x \$grouping_$precedence shift open=${1-' '} close=${2-' '} eval cmd=\""$proto"\" Say "$cmd output=" output=`eval "$cmd"` Say "$output" read correct || { echo 'Input fubar. Abort.' >&2; exit 1; } test "X$output" = "X$correct" || echo " correct=$correct" echo '' done echo '' done done done << EOF 12 12 123 123 13 13 13 13 13 1 13 1 123 123 12 12 EOF bash-1.14.3/tests/run-dollars 775 436 0 151 5605420267 14170 0ustar chetwheel../bash ./dollar-star.sh a b > x 2>&1 ../bash ./dollar-at.sh a b >>x 2>&1 diff x dollar.right && rm -f x bash-1.14.3/tests/run-exp-tests 775 436 0 113 5542406021 14452 0ustar chetwheel../bash ./exp-tests | grep -v '^expect' > xx diff xx exp.right && rm -f xx bash-1.14.3/tests/run-glob-test 775 436 0 151 5542351332 14424 0ustar chetwheelPATH=$PATH:`pwd` export PATH ../bash ./glob-test | grep -v '^expect' > xx diff xx glob.right && rm -f xx bash-1.14.3/tests/run-ifs-tests 755 436 0 337 5542351301 14445 0ustar chetwheel# # show that IFS is only applied to the result of expansions # ../bash ifs-test-1.sh > xx diff xx ./ifs.1.right ../bash ifs-test-2.sh > xx diff xx ./ifs.2.right ../bash ifs-test-3.sh > xx diff xx ./ifs.3.right rm -f xx bash-1.14.3/tests/run-input-test 755 436 0 77 5542406041 14623 0ustar chetwheel../bash < ./input-line.sh > xx diff xx input.right && rm -f xx bash-1.14.3/tests/run-minus-e 775 436 0 71 5542404151 14060 0ustar chetwheel../bash ./minus-e > xx diff xx minus-e.right && rm -f xx bash-1.14.3/tests/run-new-exp 775 436 0 130 5542404217 14105 0ustar chetwheel../bash ./new-exp.tests 2>&1 | grep -v '^expect' > xx diff xx new-exp.right && rm -f xx bash-1.14.3/tests/run-precedence 775 436 0 71 5542406102 14576 0ustar chetwheel../bash ./precedence > xx diff xx prec.right && rm -f xx bash-1.14.3/tests/run-set-e-test 775 436 0 72 5542406201 14474 0ustar chetwheel../bash ./set-e-test > xx diff xx set-e.right && rm -f xx bash-1.14.3/tests/run-strip 775 436 0 73 5542351144 13651 0ustar chetwheel../bash ./strip.tests > xx diff xx strip.right && rm -f xx bash-1.14.3/tests/run-varenv 775 436 0 116 5542406314 14027 0ustar chetwheel../bash ./varenv.sh | grep -v '^expect' > xx diff xx varenv.right && rm -f xx bash-1.14.3/tests/set-e-test 664 436 0 340 5513045415 13711 0ustar chetwheelif : ; then set -e N=95 while :; do # expr returns 1 if expression is null or 0 set +e N_MOD_100=`expr $N % 100` set -e echo $N_MOD_100 N=`expr $N + 1` if [ $N -eq 110 ]; then break fi done set +e fi bash-1.14.3/tests/set-e.right 664 436 0 43 5513045477 14040 0ustar chetwheel95 96 97 98 99 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 bash-1.14.3/tests/strip.tests 644 436 0 571 5003506730 14221 0ustar chetwheelv=`echo "" ; echo "" ; echo ""` echo "'$v'" v=`echo -n " ab "` echo "'$v'" v=`echo -n " "` echo "'$v'" v=`echo -n ""` echo "'$v'" v=`echo ""` echo "'$v'" v=`echo` echo "'$v'" v=`echo ababababababab` echo "'$v'" v=`echo "ababababababab "` echo "'$v'" v=`echo -n "ababababababab "` echo "'$v'" v=`echo -ne "abababa\nbababab "` echo "'$v'" v="`echo -e '\n\n\n\n'`" echo "'$v'" bash-1.14.3/tests/strip.right 664 436 0 145 5513043430 14172 0ustar chetwheel'' ' ab ' ' ' '' '' '' 'ababababababab' 'ababababababab ' 'ababababababab ' 'abababa bababab ' '' bash-1.14.3/tests/tilde-tests 644 436 0 430 5505126757 14170 0ustar chetwheelHOME=/usr/xyz set -v echo ~chet echo ~ch\et echo ~chet/"foo" echo "~chet"/"foo" echo \~chet/"foo" echo \~chet/bar echo ~\chet/bar echo ~chet""/bar echo ":~chet/" echo abcd~chet echo "SHELL=~/bash" echo SHELL=~/bash echo abcd:~chet echo PATH=/usr/ucb:/bin:~/bin:~/tmp/bin:/usr/bin bash-1.14.3/tests/tilde.right 664 436 0 306 5513044146 14136 0ustar chetwheel/usr/homes/chet ~chet /usr/homes/chet/foo ~chet/foo ~chet/foo ~chet/bar ~chet/bar ~chet/bar :~chet/ abcd~chet SHELL=~/bash SHELL=/usr/xyz/bash abcd:~chet PATH=/usr/ucb:/bin:~/bin:~/tmp/bin:/usr/bin bash-1.14.3/tests/varenv.right 644 436 0 205 5216522462 14334 0ustar chetwheel3 4 5 6 7 8 9 7 8 9 /usr/chet /usr/chet /usr/chet /a/b/c /usr/chet /usr/chet 7 /a/b/c 9 /a/b/c /a/b/c 9 /a/b/c /a/b/c /a/b/c 1 2 1 1 bash-1.14.3/tests/varenv.sh 644 436 0 3112 5376444173 13662 0ustar chetwheel# # varenv.sh # # Test the behavior of the shell with respect to variable and environment # assignments # expect() { echo expect "$@" } a=1 b=2 c=3 d=4 e=5 f=6 g=7 h=8 a=3 b=4 $CHMOD $MODE $FN # This should echo "3 4" according to Posix.2 expect "3 4" echo $a $b set -k # Assignment statements made when no words are left affect the shell's # environment a=5 b=6 $CHMOD c=7 $MODE d=8 $FN e=9 expect "5 6 7 8 9" echo $a $b $c $d $e $CHMOD f=7 $MODE g=8 $FN h=9 expect "7 8 9" echo $f $g $h set +k # The temporary environment does not affect variable expansion, only the # environment given to the command export HOME=/usr/chet expect $HOME echo $HOME expect $HOME HOME=/a/b/c /bin/echo $HOME expect $HOME echo $HOME # This should echo /a/b/c expect /a/b/c HOME=/a/b/c printenv HOME set -k # This should echo $HOME 9, NOT /a/b/c 9 expect "$HOME" HOME=/a/b/c /bin/echo $HOME c=9 expect "$HOME 7" echo $HOME $c # I claim the next two echo calls should give identical output. # ksh agrees, the System V.3 sh does not expect "/a/b/c 9 /a/b/c" HOME=/a/b/c $ECHO a=$HOME c=9 echo $HOME $c $a expect "/a/b/c 9 /a/b/c" HOME=/a/b/c a=$HOME c=9 echo $HOME $c $a set +k # How do assignment statements affect subsequent assignments on the same # line? expect "/a/b/c /a/b/c" HOME=/a/b/c a=$HOME echo $HOME $a # The system V.3 sh does this wrong; the last echo should output "1 1", # but the system V.3 sh has it output "2 2". Posix.2 says the assignment # statements are processed left-to-right. bash and ksh output the right # thing c=1 d=2 expect "1 2" echo $c $d d=$c c=$d expect "1 1" echo $c $d bash-1.14.3/trap.c 644 436 0 41615 5672161055 12021 0ustar chetwheel/* trap.c -- Not the trap command, but useful functions for manipulating those objects. The trap command is in builtins/trap.def. */ /* Copyright (C) 1987, 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc. This file is part of GNU Bash, the Bourne Again SHell. Bash is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 1, or (at your option) any later version. Bash is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details. You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with Bash; see the file COPYING. If not, write to the Free Software Foundation, 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. */ #include #include "bashtypes.h" #include "trap.h" #if defined (HAVE_STRING_H) # include #else /* !HAVE_STRING_H */ # include #endif /* !HAVE_STRING_H */ #include "shell.h" #include "signames.h" /* Flags which describe the current handling state of a signal. */ #define SIG_INHERITED 0x0 /* Value inherited from parent. */ #define SIG_TRAPPED 0x1 /* Currently trapped. */ #define SIG_HARD_IGNORE 0x2 /* Signal was ignored on shell entry. */ #define SIG_SPECIAL 0x4 /* Treat this signal specially. */ #define SIG_NO_TRAP 0x8 /* Signal cannot be trapped. */ #define SIG_INPROGRESS 0x10 /* Signal handler currently executing. */ #define SIG_CHANGED 0x20 /* Trap value changed in trap handler. */ #define SIG_IGNORED 0x40 /* The signal is currently being ignored. */ /* An array of such flags, one for each signal, describing what the shell will do with a signal. */ static int sigmodes[NSIG]; static void change_signal (), restore_signal (); /* Variables used here but defined in other files. */ extern int interactive_shell, interactive; extern int interrupt_immediately; extern int last_command_exit_value; /* The list of things to do originally, before we started trapping. */ SigHandler *original_signals[NSIG]; /* For each signal, a slot for a string, which is a command to be executed when that signal is recieved. The slot can also contain DEFAULT_SIG, which means do whatever you were going to do before you were so rudely interrupted, or IGNORE_SIG, which says ignore this signal. */ char *trap_list[NSIG]; /* A bitmap of signals received for which we have trap handlers. */ int pending_traps[NSIG]; /* A value which can never be the target of a trap handler. */ #define IMPOSSIBLE_TRAP_HANDLER (SigHandler *)initialize_traps void initialize_traps () { register int i; trap_list[0] = (char *)NULL; sigmodes[0] = SIG_INHERITED; /* On EXIT trap handler. */ for (i = 1; i < NSIG; i++) { pending_traps[i] = 0; trap_list[i] = (char *)DEFAULT_SIG; sigmodes[i] = SIG_INHERITED; original_signals[i] = IMPOSSIBLE_TRAP_HANDLER; } /* Show which signals are treated specially by the shell. */ #if defined (SIGCHLD) original_signals[SIGCHLD] = (SigHandler *) signal (SIGCHLD, SIG_DFL); signal (SIGCHLD, original_signals[SIGCHLD]); sigmodes[SIGCHLD] |= (SIG_SPECIAL | SIG_NO_TRAP); #endif /* SIGCHLD */ original_signals[SIGINT] = (SigHandler *) set_signal_handler (SIGINT, SIG_DFL); set_signal_handler (SIGINT, original_signals[SIGINT]); sigmodes[SIGINT] |= SIG_SPECIAL; original_signals[SIGQUIT] = (SigHandler *) set_signal_handler (SIGQUIT, SIG_DFL); set_signal_handler (SIGQUIT, original_signals[SIGQUIT]); sigmodes[SIGQUIT] |= SIG_SPECIAL; if (interactive) { original_signals[SIGTERM] = (SigHandler *)signal (SIGTERM, SIG_DFL); signal (SIGTERM, original_signals[SIGTERM]); sigmodes[SIGTERM] |= SIG_SPECIAL; } } /* Return the print name of this signal. */ char * signal_name (sig) int sig; { if (sig >= NSIG || sig < 0) return ("bad signal number"); else return (signal_names[sig]); } /* Turn a string into a signal number, or a number into a signal number. If STRING is "2", "SIGINT", or "INT", then (int)2 is returned. Return NO_SIG if STRING doesn't contain a valid signal descriptor. */ int decode_signal (string) char *string; { int sig; if (sscanf (string, "%d", &sig) == 1) { if (sig < NSIG && sig >= 0) return (sig); else return (NO_SIG); } for (sig = 0; sig < NSIG; sig++) if (STREQ (string, signal_names[sig]) || STREQ (string, &(signal_names[sig])[3])) return (sig); return (NO_SIG); } /* Non-zero when we catch a trapped signal. */ static int catch_flag = 0; #if !defined (USG) && !defined (USGr4) #define HAVE_BSD_SIGNALS #endif void run_pending_traps () { register int sig; int old_exit_value; if (catch_flag == 0) /* simple optimization */ return; catch_flag = 0; /* Preserve $? when running trap. */ old_exit_value = last_command_exit_value; for (sig = 1; sig < NSIG; sig++) { /* XXX this could be made into a counter by using while (pending_traps[sig]--) instead of the if statement. */ if (pending_traps[sig]) { #if defined (_POSIX_VERSION) sigset_t set, oset; sigemptyset (&set); sigemptyset (&oset); sigaddset (&set, sig); sigprocmask (SIG_BLOCK, &set, &oset); #else # if defined (HAVE_BSD_SIGNALS) int oldmask = sigblock (sigmask (sig)); # endif #endif /* POSIX_VERSION */ if (sig == SIGINT) { run_interrupt_trap (); interrupt_state = 0; } else parse_and_execute (savestring (trap_list[sig]), "trap", 0); pending_traps[sig] = 0; #if defined (_POSIX_VERSION) sigprocmask (SIG_SETMASK, &oset, (sigset_t *)NULL); #else # if defined (HAVE_BSD_SIGNALS) sigsetmask (oldmask); # endif #endif /* POSIX_VERSION */ } } last_command_exit_value = old_exit_value; } sighandler trap_handler (sig) int sig; { if ((sig >= NSIG) || (trap_list[sig] == (char *)DEFAULT_SIG) || (trap_list[sig] == (char *)IGNORE_SIG)) programming_error ("trap_handler: Bad signal %d", sig); else { #if defined (USG) && !defined (HAVE_BSD_SIGNALS) && !defined (_POSIX_VERSION) signal (sig, trap_handler); #endif /* USG && !HAVE_BSD_SIGNALS && !_POSIX_VERSION */ catch_flag = 1; pending_traps[sig]++; if (interrupt_immediately) run_pending_traps (); } #if !defined (VOID_SIGHANDLER) return (0); #endif /* VOID_SIGHANDLER */ } #if defined (JOB_CONTROL) && defined (SIGCHLD) /* Make COMMAND_STRING be executed when SIGCHLD is caught. */ void set_sigchld_trap (command_string) char *command_string; { void set_signal (); set_signal (SIGCHLD, command_string); } /* Make COMMAND_STRING be executed when SIGCHLD is caught iff the current SIGCHLD trap handler is DEFAULT_SIG. */ void maybe_set_sigchld_trap (command_string) char *command_string; { void set_signal (); if ((sigmodes[SIGCHLD] & SIG_TRAPPED) == 0) set_signal (SIGCHLD, command_string); } #endif /* JOB_CONTROL && SIGCHLD */ static void set_sigint_trap (command) char *command; { void set_signal (); set_signal (SIGINT, command); } /* Reset the SIGINT handler so that subshells that are doing `shellsy' things, like waiting for command substitution or executing commands in explicit subshells ( ( cmd ) ), can catch interrupts properly. */ SigHandler * set_sigint_handler () { if (sigmodes[SIGINT] & SIG_HARD_IGNORE) return ((SigHandler *)SIG_IGN); else if (sigmodes[SIGINT] & SIG_IGNORED) return ((SigHandler *)set_signal_handler (SIGINT, SIG_IGN)); else if (sigmodes[SIGINT] & SIG_TRAPPED) return ((SigHandler *)set_signal_handler (SIGINT, trap_handler)); /* The signal is not trapped, so set the handler to the shell's special interrupt handler. */ else if (interactive) /* XXX - was interactive_shell */ return (set_signal_handler (SIGINT, sigint_sighandler)); else return (set_signal_handler (SIGINT, termination_unwind_protect)); } /* Set SIG to call STRING as a command. */ void set_signal (sig, string) int sig; char *string; { /* A signal ignored on entry to the shell cannot be trapped or reset, but no error is reported when attempting to do so. -- Posix.2 */ if (sigmodes[sig] & SIG_HARD_IGNORE) return; /* Make sure we have original_signals[sig] if the signal has not yet been trapped. */ if ((sigmodes[sig] & SIG_TRAPPED) == 0) { /* If we aren't sure of the original value, check it. */ if (original_signals[sig] == IMPOSSIBLE_TRAP_HANDLER) { original_signals[sig] = (SigHandler *)signal (sig, SIG_DFL); set_signal_handler (sig, original_signals[sig]); } /* Signals ignored on entry to the shell cannot be trapped or reset. */ if (original_signals[sig] == SIG_IGN) { sigmodes[sig] |= SIG_HARD_IGNORE; return; } } /* Only change the system signal handler if SIG_NO_TRAP is not set. The trap command string is changed in either case. The shell signal handlers for SIGINT and SIGCHLD run the user specified traps in an environment in which it is safe to do so. */ if ((sigmodes[sig] & SIG_NO_TRAP) == 0) { set_signal_handler (sig, SIG_IGN); change_signal (sig, savestring (string)); set_signal_handler (sig, trap_handler); } else change_signal (sig, savestring (string)); } static void free_trap_command (sig) int sig; { if ((sigmodes[sig] & SIG_TRAPPED) && trap_list[sig] && (trap_list[sig] != (char *)IGNORE_SIG) && (trap_list[sig] != (char *)DEFAULT_SIG) && (trap_list[sig] != (char *)IMPOSSIBLE_TRAP_HANDLER)) free (trap_list[sig]); } /* If SIG has a string assigned to it, get rid of it. Then give it VALUE. */ static void change_signal (sig, value) int sig; char *value; { free_trap_command (sig); trap_list[sig] = value; sigmodes[sig] |= SIG_TRAPPED; if (value == (char *)IGNORE_SIG) sigmodes[sig] |= SIG_IGNORED; else sigmodes[sig] &= ~SIG_IGNORED; if (sigmodes[sig] & SIG_INPROGRESS) sigmodes[sig] |= SIG_CHANGED; } #define GET_ORIGINAL_SIGNAL(sig) \ if (sig && sig < NSIG && original_signals[sig] == IMPOSSIBLE_TRAP_HANDLER) \ get_original_signal (sig) static void get_original_signal (sig) int sig; { /* If we aren't sure the of the original value, then get it. */ if (original_signals[sig] == (SigHandler *)IMPOSSIBLE_TRAP_HANDLER) { original_signals[sig] = (SigHandler *) set_signal_handler (sig, SIG_DFL); signal (sig, original_signals[sig]); /* Signals ignored on entry to the shell cannot be trapped. */ if (original_signals[sig] == SIG_IGN) sigmodes[sig] |= SIG_HARD_IGNORE; } } /* Restore the default action for SIG; i.e., the action the shell would have taken before you used the trap command. This is called from trap_builtin (), which takes care to restore the handlers for the signals the shell treats specially. */ void restore_default_signal (sig) int sig; { if (sig == 0) { free_trap_command (sig); trap_list[sig] = (char *)NULL; sigmodes[sig] &= ~SIG_TRAPPED; return; } GET_ORIGINAL_SIGNAL (sig); /* A signal ignored on entry to the shell cannot be trapped or reset, but no error is reported when attempting to do so. Thanks Posix.2. */ if (sigmodes[sig] & SIG_HARD_IGNORE) return; /* If we aren't trapping this signal, don't bother doing anything else. */ if (!(sigmodes[sig] & SIG_TRAPPED)) return; /* Only change the signal handler for SIG if it allows it. */ if (!(sigmodes[sig] & SIG_NO_TRAP)) set_signal_handler (sig, original_signals[sig]); /* Change the trap command in either case. */ change_signal (sig, (char *)DEFAULT_SIG); /* Mark the signal as no longer trapped. */ sigmodes[sig] &= ~SIG_TRAPPED; } /* Make this signal be ignored. */ void ignore_signal (sig) int sig; { GET_ORIGINAL_SIGNAL (sig); /* A signal ignored on entry to the shell cannot be trapped or reset. No error is reported when the user attempts to do so. Thanks to Posix.2. */ if (sigmodes[sig] & SIG_HARD_IGNORE) return; /* If already trapped and ignored, no change necessary. */ if ((sigmodes[sig] & SIG_TRAPPED) && (trap_list[sig] == (char *)IGNORE_SIG)) return; /* Only change the signal handler for SIG if it allows it. */ if (!(sigmodes[sig] & SIG_NO_TRAP)) signal (sig, SIG_IGN); /* Change the trap command in either case. */ change_signal (sig, (char *)IGNORE_SIG); } /* Handle the calling of "trap 0". The only sticky situation is when the command to be executed includes an "exit". This is why we have to provide our own place for top_level to jump to. */ int run_exit_trap () { /* Run the trap only if signal 0 is trapped and not ignored. */ if ((sigmodes[0] & SIG_TRAPPED) && (trap_list[0] != (char *)IGNORE_SIG) && (sigmodes[0] & SIG_INPROGRESS) == 0) { char *trap_command; int code; trap_command= savestring (trap_list[0]); sigmodes[0] &= ~SIG_TRAPPED; sigmodes[0] |= SIG_INPROGRESS; code = setjmp (top_level); if (code == 0) parse_and_execute (trap_command, "trap", 0); } return (last_command_exit_value); } /* Set the handler signal SIG to the original and free any trap command associated with it. */ static void restore_signal (sig) int sig; { set_signal_handler (sig, original_signals[sig]); change_signal (sig, (char *)DEFAULT_SIG); sigmodes[sig] &= ~SIG_TRAPPED; } /* Free all the allocated strings in the list of traps and reset the trap values to the default. */ void free_trap_strings () { register int i; for (i = 0; i < NSIG; i++) { if ((sigmodes[i] & SIG_TRAPPED) && trap_list[i] && (trap_list[i] != (char *)IGNORE_SIG) && (trap_list[i] != (char *)DEFAULT_SIG) && (trap_list[i] != (char *)IMPOSSIBLE_TRAP_HANDLER)) free (trap_list[i]); trap_list[i] = (char *)DEFAULT_SIG; sigmodes[i] &= ~SIG_TRAPPED; } } /* Reset the handler for SIG to the original value. */ static void reset_signal (sig) int sig; { signal (sig, original_signals[sig]); } /* Reset the handlers for all trapped signals to the values they had when the shell was started. */ void reset_signal_handlers () { register int i; for (i = 1; i < NSIG; i++) { if (sigmodes[i] & SIG_SPECIAL) reset_signal (i); else if (sigmodes[i] & SIG_TRAPPED) { if (trap_list[i] == (char *)IGNORE_SIG) signal (i, SIG_IGN); else reset_signal (i); } } } /* Reset all trapped signals to their original values. Signals set to be ignored with trap '' SIGNAL should be ignored, so we make sure that they are. Called by child processes after they are forked. */ void restore_original_signals () { register int i; reset_terminating_signals (); /* in shell.c */ for (i = 1; i < NSIG; i++) { if (sigmodes[i] & SIG_SPECIAL) restore_signal (i); else if (sigmodes[i] & SIG_TRAPPED) { if (trap_list[i] == (char *)IGNORE_SIG) signal (i, SIG_IGN); else restore_signal (i); } } } /* Run a trap set on SIGINT. This is called from throw_to_top_level (), and declared here to localize the trap functions. */ void run_interrupt_trap () { char *command, *saved_command; int old_exit_value; /* Run the interrupt trap if SIGINT is trapped and not ignored, and if we are not currently running in the interrupt trap handler. */ if ((sigmodes[SIGINT] & SIG_TRAPPED) && (trap_list[SIGINT] != (char *)IGNORE_SIG) && (trap_list[SIGINT] != (char *)IMPOSSIBLE_TRAP_HANDLER) && ((sigmodes[SIGINT] & SIG_INPROGRESS) == 0)) { saved_command = trap_list[SIGINT]; sigmodes[SIGINT] |= SIG_INPROGRESS; sigmodes[SIGINT] &= ~SIG_CHANGED; command = savestring (saved_command); old_exit_value = last_command_exit_value; parse_and_execute (command, "interrupt trap", 0); last_command_exit_value = old_exit_value; sigmodes[SIGINT] &= ~SIG_INPROGRESS; if (sigmodes[SIGINT] & SIG_CHANGED) { free (saved_command); sigmodes[SIGINT] &= ~SIG_CHANGED; } } } /* If a trap handler exists for signal SIG, then call it; otherwise just return failure. */ int maybe_call_trap_handler (sig) int sig; { /* Call the trap handler for SIG if the signal is trapped and not ignored. */ if ((sigmodes[sig] & SIG_TRAPPED) && (trap_list[sig] != (char *)IGNORE_SIG)) { switch (sig) { case SIGINT: run_interrupt_trap (); break; case 0: run_exit_trap (); break; default: trap_handler (sig); break; } return (1); } else return (0); } int signal_is_trapped (sig) int sig; { return (sigmodes[sig] & SIG_TRAPPED); } int signal_is_special (sig) int sig; { return (sigmodes[sig] & SIG_SPECIAL); } int signal_is_ignored (sig) int sig; { return (sigmodes[sig] & SIG_IGNORED); } void set_signal_ignored (sig) int sig; { sigmodes[sig] |= SIG_HARD_IGNORE; original_signals[sig] = SIG_IGN; } bash-1.14.3/trap.h 644 436 0 4040 5670702653 12000 0ustar chetwheel/* trap.h -- data structures used in the trap mechanism. */ /* Copyright (C) 1993 Free Software Foundation, Inc. This file is part of GNU Bash, the Bourne Again SHell. Bash is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option) any later version. Bash is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details. You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with Bash; see the file COPYING. If not, write to the Free Software Foundation, 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. */ #if !defined (__TRAP_H__) #define __TRAP_H__ #include "stdc.h" #if !defined (SIG_DFL) #include #include #endif /* SIG_DFL */ #if !defined (NSIG) #define NSIG 64 #endif /* !NSIG */ #define NO_SIG -1 #define DEFAULT_SIG SIG_DFL #define IGNORE_SIG SIG_IGN #define signal_object_p(x) (decode_signal (x) != NO_SIG) extern char *trap_list[NSIG]; /* Externally-visible functions declared in trap.c. */ extern void initialize_traps __P((void)); extern void run_pending_traps __P((void)); extern void maybe_set_sigchld_trap __P((char *)); extern void set_sigchld_trap __P((char *)); extern void set_signal __P((int, char *)); extern void restore_default_signal __P((int)); extern void ignore_signal __P((int)); extern int run_exit_trap __P((void)); extern void free_trap_strings __P((void)); extern void reset_signal_handlers __P((void)); extern void restore_original_signals __P((void)); extern char *signal_name __P((int)); extern int decode_signal __P((char *)); extern void run_interrupt_trap __P((void)); extern int maybe_call_trap_handler __P((int)); extern int signal_is_trapped __P((int)); extern int signal_is_special __P((int)); extern int signal_is_ignored __P((int)); #endif /* __TRAP_H__ */ bash-1.14.3/unwind_prot.c 644 436 0 15176 5501440624 13417 0ustar chetwheel/* I can't stand it anymore! Please can't we just write the whole Unix system in lisp or something? */ /* Copyright (C) 1987,1989 Free Software Foundation, Inc. This file is part of GNU Bash, the Bourne Again SHell. Bash is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 1, or (at your option) any later version. Bash is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details. You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with Bash; see the file COPYING. If not, write to the Free Software Foundation, 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. */ /* **************************************************************** */ /* */ /* Unwind Protection Scheme for Bash */ /* */ /* **************************************************************** */ #include "bashtypes.h" #include #include "config.h" #include "command.h" #include "general.h" #include "unwind_prot.h" #include "quit.h" /* If CLEANUP is null, then ARG contains a tag to throw back to. */ typedef struct _uwp { struct _uwp *next; Function *cleanup; char *arg; } UNWIND_ELT; static void unwind_frame_discard_internal (), unwind_frame_run_internal (), add_unwind_protect_internal (), remove_unwind_protect_internal (), run_unwind_protects_internal (), without_interrupts (); static UNWIND_ELT *unwind_protect_list = (UNWIND_ELT *)NULL; extern int interrupt_immediately; /* Run a function without interrupts. This relies on the fact that the FUNCTION cannot change the value of interrupt_immediately. (I.e., does not call QUIT (). */ static void without_interrupts (function, arg1, arg2) VFunction *function; char *arg1, *arg2; { int old_interrupt_immediately; old_interrupt_immediately = interrupt_immediately; interrupt_immediately = 0; (*function)(arg1, arg2); interrupt_immediately = old_interrupt_immediately; } /* Start the beginning of a region. */ void begin_unwind_frame (tag) char *tag; { add_unwind_protect ((Function *)NULL, tag); } /* Discard the unwind protects back to TAG. */ void discard_unwind_frame (tag) char *tag; { if (unwind_protect_list) without_interrupts (unwind_frame_discard_internal, tag, (char *)NULL); } /* Run the unwind protects back to TAG. */ void run_unwind_frame (tag) char *tag; { if (unwind_protect_list) without_interrupts (unwind_frame_run_internal, tag, (char *)NULL); } /* Add the function CLEANUP with ARG to the list of unwindable things. */ void add_unwind_protect (cleanup, arg) Function *cleanup; char *arg; { without_interrupts (add_unwind_protect_internal, (char *)cleanup, arg); } /* Remove the top unwind protect from the list. */ void remove_unwind_protect () { if (unwind_protect_list) without_interrupts (remove_unwind_protect_internal, (char *)NULL, (char *)NULL); } /* Run the list of cleanup functions in unwind_protect_list. */ void run_unwind_protects () { if (unwind_protect_list) without_interrupts (run_unwind_protects_internal, (char *)NULL, (char *)NULL); } /* **************************************************************** */ /* */ /* The Actual Functions */ /* */ /* **************************************************************** */ static void add_unwind_protect_internal (cleanup, arg) Function *cleanup; char *arg; { UNWIND_ELT *elt; elt = (UNWIND_ELT *)xmalloc (sizeof (UNWIND_ELT)); elt->cleanup = cleanup; elt->arg = arg; elt->next = unwind_protect_list; unwind_protect_list = elt; } static void remove_unwind_protect_internal () { UNWIND_ELT *elt = unwind_protect_list; if (elt) { unwind_protect_list = unwind_protect_list->next; free (elt); } } static void run_unwind_protects_internal () { UNWIND_ELT *t, *elt = unwind_protect_list; while (elt) { /* This function can be run at strange times, like when unwinding the entire world of unwind protects. Thus, we may come across an element which is simply a label for a catch frame. Don't call the non-existant function. */ if (elt->cleanup) (*(elt->cleanup)) (elt->arg); t = elt; elt = elt->next; free (t); } unwind_protect_list = elt; } static void unwind_frame_discard_internal (tag) char *tag; { UNWIND_ELT *elt; while (elt = unwind_protect_list) { unwind_protect_list = unwind_protect_list->next; if (!elt->cleanup && (STREQ (elt->arg, tag))) { free (elt); break; } else free (elt); } } static void unwind_frame_run_internal (tag) char *tag; { UNWIND_ELT *elt; while (elt = unwind_protect_list) { unwind_protect_list = elt->next; /* If tag, then compare. */ if (!elt->cleanup) { if (STREQ (elt->arg, tag)) { free (elt); break; } free (elt); continue; } else { (*(elt->cleanup)) (elt->arg); free (elt); } } } /* Structure describing a saved variable and the value to restore it to. */ typedef struct { int *variable; char *desired_setting; int size; } SAVED_VAR; /* Restore the value of a variable, based on the contents of SV. If sv->size is greater than sizeof (int), sv->desired_setting points to a block of memory SIZE bytes long holding the value, rather than the value itself. This block of memory is copied back into the variable. */ static void restore_variable (sv) SAVED_VAR *sv; { if (sv->size > sizeof (int)) { bcopy ((char *)sv->desired_setting, (char *)sv->variable, sv->size); free (sv->desired_setting); } else *(sv->variable) = (int)sv->desired_setting; free (sv); } /* Save the value of a variable so it will be restored when unwind-protects are run. VAR is a pointer to the variable. VALUE is the value to be saved. SIZE is the size in bytes of VALUE. If SIZE is bigger than what can be saved in an int, memory will be allocated and the value saved into that using bcopy (). */ void unwind_protect_var (var, value, size) int *var; char *value; int size; { SAVED_VAR *s = (SAVED_VAR *)xmalloc (sizeof (SAVED_VAR)); s->variable = var; if (size > sizeof (int)) { s->desired_setting = (char *)xmalloc (size); bcopy (value, (char *)s->desired_setting, size); } else s->desired_setting = value; s->size = size; add_unwind_protect ((Function *)restore_variable, (char *)s); } bash-1.14.3/unwind_prot.h 664 436 0 3312 5570452614 13403 0ustar chetwheel/* unwind_prot.h - Macros and functions for hacking unwind protection. */ /* Copyright (C) 1993 Free Software Foundation, Inc. This file is part of GNU Bash, the Bourne Again SHell. Bash is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option) any later version. Bash is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details. You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with Bash; see the file COPYING. If not, write to the Free Software Foundation, 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. */ #if !defined (_UNWIND_PROT_H) #define _UNWIND_PROT_H /* Run a function without interrupts. */ void begin_unwind_frame (), discard_unwind_frame (), run_unwind_frame (), add_unwind_protect (), remove_unwind_protect (), run_unwind_protects (); /* Define for people who like their code to look a certain way. */ #define end_unwind_frame() /* How to protect an integer. */ #define unwind_protect_int(X) unwind_protect_var (&(X), (char *)(X), sizeof (int)) /* How to protect a pointer to a string. */ #define unwind_protect_string(X) \ unwind_protect_var ((int *)&(X), (X), sizeof (char *)) /* How to protect any old pointer. */ #define unwind_protect_pointer(X) unwind_protect_string (X) /* How to protect the contents of a jmp_buf. */ #define unwind_protect_jmp_buf(X) \ unwind_protect_var ((int *)(X), (char *)(X), sizeof (jmp_buf)) #endif /* _UNWIND_PROT_H */ bash-1.14.3/variables.c 644 436 0 130270 5670660760 13044 0ustar chetwheel/* variables.c -- Functions for hacking shell variables. */ /* Copyright (C) 1987,1989 Free Software Foundation, Inc. This file is part of GNU Bash, the Bourne Again SHell. Bash is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 1, or (at your option) any later version. Bash is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details. You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with Bash; see the file COPYING. If not, write to the Free Software Foundation, 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. */ #include #include "bashtypes.h" #include "posixstat.h" #include #include #include "bashansi.h" #include "shell.h" #include "hash.h" #include "flags.h" #include "execute_cmd.h" #include "builtins/common.h" #include /* Variables used here and defined in other files. */ extern int posixly_correct; extern int variable_context, line_number; extern int interactive, interactive_shell, login_shell, shell_level; extern int subshell_environment; extern int build_version; extern char *dist_version; extern char *shell_name; extern char *primary_prompt, *secondary_prompt; extern Function *this_shell_builtin; extern time_t shell_start_time; /* The list of shell variables that the user has created, or that came from the environment. */ HASH_TABLE *shell_variables = (HASH_TABLE *)NULL; /* The list of shell functions that the user has created, or that came from the environment. */ HASH_TABLE *shell_functions = (HASH_TABLE *)NULL; /* The current variable context. This is really a count of how deep into executing functions we are. */ int variable_context = 0; /* The array of shell assignments which are made only in the environment for a single command. */ char **temporary_env = (char **)NULL; /* The array of shell assignments which are in the environment for the execution of a shell function. */ char **function_env = (char **)NULL; /* The array of shell assignments which are made only in the environment for the execution of a shell builtin command which may cause more than one command to be executed (e.g., "source"). */ char **builtin_env = (char **)NULL; /* Some funky variables which are known about specially. Here is where "$*", "$1", and all the cruft is kept. */ char *dollar_vars[10]; WORD_LIST *rest_of_args = (WORD_LIST *)NULL; /* The value of $$. */ int dollar_dollar_pid; /* An array which is passed to commands as their environment. It is manufactured from the overlap of the initial environment and the shell variables that are marked for export. */ char **export_env = (char **)NULL; /* Non-zero means that we have to remake EXPORT_ENV. */ int array_needs_making = 1; /* The list of variables that may not be unset in this shell. */ char **non_unsettable_vars = (char **)NULL; #if defined (USG) #define DEFAULT_MAIL_PATH "/usr/mail/" #else #define DEFAULT_MAIL_PATH "/usr/spool/mail/" #endif static char *have_local_variables; /* XXX */ static int local_variable_stack_size = 0; /* XXX */ /* Some forward declarations. */ static void initialize_dynamic_variables (); static void sbrand (); /* set bash random number generator. */ static int qsort_var_comp (); /* Make VAR be auto-exported. VAR is a pointer to a SHELL_VAR. */ #define set_auto_export(var) \ do { var->attributes |= att_exported; array_needs_making = 1; } while (0) #if defined (HISTORY) # include "bashhist.h" #endif /* HISTORY */ /* Initialize the shell variables from the current environment. */ void initialize_shell_variables (env) char **env; { char *name, *string, *current_dir; int c, char_index; int string_index = 0; SHELL_VAR *temp_var; if (!shell_variables) shell_variables = make_hash_table (0); if (!shell_functions) shell_functions = make_hash_table (0); while (string = env[string_index++]) { int string_length; char_index = 0; string_length = strlen (string); name = xmalloc (1 + string_length); while ((c = *string++) && c != '=') name[char_index++] = c; name[char_index] = '\0'; /* If exported function, define it now. */ if (!privileged_mode && STREQN ("() {", string, 4)) { SHELL_VAR *f; char *eval_string; eval_string = xmalloc (3 + string_length + strlen (name)); sprintf (eval_string, "%s %s", name, string); parse_and_execute (eval_string, name, 0); if (name[char_index - 1] == ')') name[char_index - 2] = '\0'; if (f = find_function (name)) { f->attributes |= (att_exported | att_imported); array_needs_making = 1; } else report_error ("error importing function definition for `%s'", name); } else { SHELL_VAR *v; v = bind_variable (name, string); v->attributes |= (att_exported | att_imported); array_needs_making = 1; } free (name); } /* If we got PWD from the environment, update our idea of the current working directory. In any case, make sure that PWD exists before checking it. It is possible for getwd () to fail on shell startup, and in that case, PWD would be undefined. */ temp_var = find_variable ("PWD"); if (temp_var && imported_p (temp_var) && (current_dir = value_cell (temp_var)) && same_file (current_dir, ".", (struct stat *)NULL, (struct stat *)NULL)) set_working_directory (current_dir); else { current_dir = get_working_directory ("shell-init"); if (current_dir) { bind_variable ("PWD", current_dir); free (current_dir); } } /* Remember this pid. */ dollar_dollar_pid = (int)getpid (); /* Now make our own defaults in case the vars that we think are important are missing. */ temp_var = set_if_not ("PATH", DEFAULT_PATH_VALUE); set_auto_export (temp_var); temp_var = set_if_not ("TERM", "dumb"); set_auto_export (temp_var); if (interactive_shell) { set_if_not ("PS1", primary_prompt); set_if_not ("PS2", secondary_prompt); } #if defined (INSECURITY) set_if_not ("IFS", " \t\n"); #else bind_variable ("IFS", " \t\n"); #endif /* INSECURITY */ /* Magic machine types. Pretty convenient. */ temp_var = set_if_not ("HOSTTYPE", HOSTTYPE); set_auto_export (temp_var); temp_var = set_if_not ("OSTYPE", OSTYPE); set_auto_export (temp_var); /* Default MAILPATH, and MAILCHECK for interactive shells. */ if (interactive_shell) { set_if_not ("MAILCHECK", "60"); if ((get_string_value ("MAIL") == (char *)NULL) && (get_string_value ("MAILPATH") == (char *)NULL)) { char *tem; tem = xmalloc (1 + sizeof (DEFAULT_MAIL_PATH) + strlen (current_user.user_name)); strcpy (tem, DEFAULT_MAIL_PATH); strcat (tem, current_user.user_name); bind_variable ("MAILPATH", tem); free (tem); } } /* Do some things with shell level. */ temp_var = set_if_not ("SHLVL", "0"); set_auto_export (temp_var); adjust_shell_level (1); /* Make a variable $PPID, which holds the pid of the shell's parent. */ { char *ppid; SHELL_VAR *v; ppid = itos ((int) getppid ()); v = find_variable ("PPID"); if (v) v->attributes &= ~(att_readonly | att_exported); v = bind_variable ("PPID", ppid); v->attributes |= (att_readonly | att_integer); non_unsettable ("PPID"); free (ppid); } #if defined (GETOPTS_BUILTIN) /* Initialize the `getopts' stuff. */ bind_variable ("OPTIND", "1"); bind_variable ("OPTERR", "1"); #endif /* GETOPTS_BUILTIN */ /* Get the full pathname to THIS shell, and set the BASH variable to it. */ { char *tname; if ((login_shell == 1) && (*shell_name != '/')) { /* If HOME doesn't exist, set it. */ temp_var = set_if_not ("HOME", current_user.home_dir); temp_var->attributes |= att_exported; name = savestring (current_user.shell); } else if (*shell_name == '/') name = savestring (shell_name); else { int s; tname = find_user_command (shell_name); if (tname == 0) { /* Try the current directory. If there is not an executable there, just punt and use the login shell. */ s = file_status (shell_name); if (s & FS_EXECABLE) { tname = make_absolute (shell_name, get_string_value ("PWD")); if (*shell_name == '.') { name = canonicalize_pathname (tname); free (tname); } else name = tname; } else name = savestring (current_user.shell); } else { name = full_pathname (tname); free (tname); } } /* Make the exported environment variable SHELL be the user's login shell. Note that the `tset' command looks at this variable to determine what style of commands to output; if it ends in "csh", then C-shell commands are output, else Bourne shell commands. */ temp_var = set_if_not ("SHELL", current_user.shell); set_auto_export (temp_var); /* Make a variable called BASH, which is the name of THIS shell. */ temp_var = bind_variable ("BASH", name); temp_var->attributes |= att_exported; free (name); } /* Make a variable called BASH_VERSION which contains the version info. */ bind_variable ("BASH_VERSION", shell_version_string ()); /* Find out if we're supposed to be in Posix.2 mode via an environment variable. */ temp_var = find_variable ("POSIXLY_CORRECT"); if (!temp_var) temp_var = find_variable ("POSIX_PEDANTIC"); if (temp_var && imported_p (temp_var)) sv_strict_posix (temp_var->name); #if defined (HISTORY) /* Set history variables to defaults, and then do whatever we would do if the variable had just been set. Do this only in the case that we are remembering commands on the history list. */ if (remember_on_history) { if (posixly_correct) name = tilde_expand ("~/.sh_history"); else name = tilde_expand ("~/.bash_history"); set_if_not ("HISTFILE", name); free (name); set_if_not ("HISTSIZE", "500"); sv_histsize ("HISTSIZE"); } #endif /* HISTORY */ /* Seed the random number generator. */ sbrand (dollar_dollar_pid); /* Handle some "special" variables that we may have inherited from a parent shell. */ noclobber = find_variable ("noclobber") != (SHELL_VAR *)NULL; temp_var = find_variable ("IGNOREEOF"); if (!temp_var) temp_var = find_variable ("ignoreeof"); if (temp_var && imported_p (temp_var)) sv_ignoreeof (temp_var->name); #if defined (HISTORY) if (interactive_shell && remember_on_history) { sv_command_oriented_history ("command_oriented_history"); if (find_variable ("history_control")) sv_history_control ("history_control"); /* gone in next release */ else sv_history_control ("HISTCONTROL"); } #endif /* HISTORY */ /* Initialize the dynamic variables, and seed their values. */ initialize_dynamic_variables (); non_unsettable ("PATH"); non_unsettable ("IFS"); if (interactive_shell) { non_unsettable ("PS1"); non_unsettable ("PS2"); } /* Get the users real user id, and save that in a readonly variable. To make the variable *really* readonly, we have added it to a special list of vars. */ sv_uids (); set_var_read_only ("UID"); set_var_read_only ("EUID"); non_unsettable ("EUID"); non_unsettable ("UID"); } void adjust_shell_level (change) int change; { char *new_level, *old_SHLVL; int old_level; old_SHLVL = get_string_value ("SHLVL"); if (old_SHLVL) old_level = atoi (old_SHLVL); else old_level = 0; shell_level = old_level + change; if (shell_level < 0) shell_level = 0; new_level = itos (shell_level); bind_variable ("SHLVL", new_level); free (new_level); } /* Add NAME to the list of variables that cannot be unset if it isn't already there. */ void non_unsettable (name) char *name; { register int i; if (!non_unsettable_vars) { non_unsettable_vars = (char **)xmalloc (1 * sizeof (char *)); non_unsettable_vars[0] = (char *)NULL; } for (i = 0; non_unsettable_vars[i]; i++) if (STREQ (non_unsettable_vars[i], name)) return; non_unsettable_vars = (char **) xrealloc (non_unsettable_vars, (2 + i) * sizeof (char *)); non_unsettable_vars[i] = savestring (name); non_unsettable_vars[i + 1] = (char *)NULL; } /* Set NAME to VALUE if NAME has no value. */ SHELL_VAR * set_if_not (name, value) char *name, *value; { SHELL_VAR *v = find_variable (name); if (!v) v = bind_variable (name, value); return (v); } /* Map FUNCTION over the variables in VARIABLES. Return an array of the variables that satisfy FUNCTION. Satisfy means that FUNCTION returns a non-zero value for. A NULL value for FUNCTION means to use all variables. */ SHELL_VAR ** map_over (function, var_hash_table) Function *function; HASH_TABLE* var_hash_table; { register int i; register BUCKET_CONTENTS *tlist; SHELL_VAR *var, **list = (SHELL_VAR **)NULL; int list_index = 0, list_size = 0; for (i = 0; i < var_hash_table->nbuckets; i++) { tlist = get_hash_bucket (i, var_hash_table); while (tlist) { var = (SHELL_VAR *)tlist->data; if (!function || (*function) (var)) { if (list_index + 1 >= list_size) list = (SHELL_VAR **) xrealloc (list, (list_size += 20) * sizeof (SHELL_VAR *)); list[list_index++] = var; list[list_index] = (SHELL_VAR *)NULL; } tlist = tlist->next; } } return (list); } void sort_variables (array) SHELL_VAR **array; { qsort (array, array_len ((char **)array), sizeof (SHELL_VAR *), qsort_var_comp); } static int qsort_var_comp (var1, var2) SHELL_VAR **var1, **var2; { int result; if ((result = (*var1)->name[0] - (*var2)->name[0]) == 0) result = strcmp ((*var1)->name, (*var2)->name); return (result); } /* Create a NULL terminated array of all the shell variables in TABLE. */ static SHELL_VAR ** all_vars (table) HASH_TABLE *table; { SHELL_VAR **list; list = map_over ((Function *)NULL, table); if (list) sort_variables (list); return (list); } /* Create a NULL terminated array of all the shell variables. */ SHELL_VAR ** all_shell_variables () { return (all_vars (shell_variables)); } /* Create a NULL terminated array of all the shell functions. */ SHELL_VAR ** all_shell_functions () { return (all_vars (shell_functions)); } /* Print VARS to stdout in such a way that they can be read back in. */ void print_var_list (list) register SHELL_VAR **list; { register int i; register SHELL_VAR *var; for (i = 0; list && (var = list[i]); i++) if (!invisible_p (var)) print_assignment (var); } #if defined (NOTDEF) /* Print LIST (a linked list of shell variables) to stdout by printing the names, without the values. Used to support the `set +' command. */ print_vars_no_values (list) register SHELL_VAR **list; { register int i; register SHELL_VAR *var; for (i = 0; list && (var = list[i]); i++) if (!invisible_p (var)) printf ("%s\n", var->name); } #endif /* Print the value of a single SHELL_VAR. No newline is output, but the variable is printed in such a way that it can be read back in. */ void print_assignment (var) SHELL_VAR *var; { if (function_p (var) && var->value) { printf ("%s=", var->name); print_var_function (var); printf ("\n"); } else if (var->value) { printf ("%s=", var->name); print_var_value (var); printf ("\n"); } } /* Print the value cell of VAR, a shell variable. Do not print the name, nor leading/trailing newline. */ void print_var_value (var) SHELL_VAR *var; { if (var->value) printf ("%s", var->value); } /* Print the function cell of VAR, a shell variable. Do not print the name, nor leading/trailing newline. */ void print_var_function (var) SHELL_VAR *var; { if (function_p (var) && var->value) printf ("%s", named_function_string ((char *)NULL, function_cell(var), 1)); } /* **************************************************************** */ /* */ /* Dynamic Variable Extension */ /* */ /* **************************************************************** */ /* DYNAMIC VARIABLES These are variables whose values are generated anew each time they are referenced. These are implemented using a pair of function pointers in the struct variable: assign_func, which is called from bind_variable, and dynamic_value, which is called from find_variable. assign_func is called from bind_variable, if bind_variable discovers that the variable being assigned to has such a function. The function is called as SHELL_VAR *temp = (*(entry->assign_func)) (entry, value) and the (SHELL_VAR *)temp is returned as the value of bind_variable. It is usually ENTRY (self). dynamic_value is called from find_variable to return a `new' value for the specified dynamic varible. If this function is NULL, the variable is treated as a `normal' shell variable. If it is not, however, then this function is called like this: tempvar = (*(var->dynamic_value)) (var); Sometimes `tempvar' will replace the value of `var'. Other times, the shell will simply use the string value. Pretty object-oriented, huh? Be warned, though: if you `unset' a special variable, it loses its special meaning, even if you subsequently set it. The special assignment code would probably have been better put in subst.c: do_assignment, in the same style as stupidly_hack_special_variables, but I wanted the changes as localized as possible. */ /* The value of $SECONDS. This is the number of seconds since shell invocation, or, the number of seconds since the last assignment + the value of the last assignment. */ static long seconds_value_assigned = (long)0; static SHELL_VAR * assign_seconds (self, value) SHELL_VAR *self; char *value; { seconds_value_assigned = atol (value); shell_start_time = NOW; return (self); } static SHELL_VAR * get_seconds (var) SHELL_VAR *var; { time_t time_since_start; char *p; time_since_start = NOW - shell_start_time; p = itos((int) seconds_value_assigned + time_since_start); FREE (var->value); var->attributes |= att_integer; var->value = p; return (var); } /* The random number seed. You can change this by setting RANDOM. */ static unsigned long rseed = 1; /* A linear congruential random number generator based on the ANSI C standard. A more complicated one is overkill. */ /* Returns a pseudo-random number between 0 and 32767. */ static int brand () { rseed = rseed * 1103515245 + 12345; return ((unsigned int)(rseed / 65536) % 32768); } /* Set the random number generator seed to SEED. */ static void sbrand (seed) int seed; { rseed = seed; } static SHELL_VAR * assign_random (self, value) SHELL_VAR *self; char *value; { int s = atoi (value); sbrand (s); return (self); } static SHELL_VAR * get_random (var) SHELL_VAR *var; { int rv; char *p; rv = brand (); p = itos ((int)rv); FREE (var->value); var->attributes |= att_integer; var->value = p; return (var); } /* Function which returns the current line number. */ static SHELL_VAR * get_lineno (var) SHELL_VAR *var; { char *p; p = itos (line_number); FREE (var->value); var->value = p; return (var); } #if defined (HISTORY) static SHELL_VAR * get_histcmd (var) SHELL_VAR *var; { char *p; p = itos (history_number ()); FREE (var->value); var->value = p; return (var); } #endif static void initialize_dynamic_variables () { SHELL_VAR *v; v = bind_variable ("SECONDS", (char *)NULL); v->dynamic_value = get_seconds; v->assign_func = assign_seconds; v = bind_variable ("RANDOM", (char *)NULL); v->dynamic_value = get_random; v->assign_func = assign_random; v = bind_variable ("LINENO", (char *)NULL); v->dynamic_value = get_lineno; v->assign_func = (DYNAMIC_FUNC *)NULL; #if defined (HISTORY) v = bind_variable ("HISTCMD", (char *)NULL); v->dynamic_value = get_histcmd; v->assign_func = (DYNAMIC_FUNC *)NULL; #endif } /* How to get a pointer to the shell variable or function named NAME. HASHED_VARS is a pointer to the hash table containing the list of interest (either variables or functions). */ SHELL_VAR * var_lookup (name, hashed_vars) char *name; HASH_TABLE *hashed_vars; { BUCKET_CONTENTS *bucket; bucket = find_hash_item (name, hashed_vars); if (bucket) return ((SHELL_VAR *)bucket->data); else return ((SHELL_VAR *)NULL); } /* Look up the variable entry named NAME. If SEARCH_TEMPENV is non-zero, then also search the temporarily built list of exported variables. */ SHELL_VAR * find_variable_internal (name, search_tempenv) char *name; int search_tempenv; { SHELL_VAR *var = (SHELL_VAR *)NULL; /* If explicitly requested, first look in the temporary environment for the variable. This allows constructs such as "foo=x eval 'echo $foo'" to get the `exported' value of $foo. This happens if we are executing a function or builtin, or if we are looking up a variable in a "subshell environment". */ if ((search_tempenv || subshell_environment) && (temporary_env || builtin_env || function_env)) var = find_tempenv_variable (name); if (!var) var = var_lookup (name, shell_variables); if (!var) return ((SHELL_VAR *)NULL); if (var->dynamic_value) return ((*(var->dynamic_value)) (var)); else return (var); } /* Look up the variable entry named NAME. Returns the entry or NULL. */ SHELL_VAR * find_variable (name) char *name; { return (find_variable_internal (name, (variable_context || this_shell_builtin || builtin_env))); } /* Look up the function entry whose name matches STRING. Returns the entry or NULL. */ SHELL_VAR * find_function (name) char *name; { return (var_lookup (name, shell_functions)); } /* Return the string value of a variable. Return NULL if the variable doesn't exist, or only has a function as a value. Don't cons a new string. */ char * get_string_value (var_name) char *var_name; { SHELL_VAR *var = find_variable (var_name); if (!var) return (char *)NULL; else return (var->value); } /* Create a local variable referenced by NAME. */ SHELL_VAR * make_local_variable (name) char *name; { SHELL_VAR *new_var, *old_var; BUCKET_CONTENTS *elt; /* local foo; local foo; is a no-op. */ old_var = find_variable (name); if (old_var && old_var->context == variable_context) return (old_var); elt = remove_hash_item (name, shell_variables); if (elt) { old_var = (SHELL_VAR *)elt->data; free (elt->key); free (elt); } else old_var = (SHELL_VAR *)NULL; /* If a variable does not already exist with this name, then just make a new one. */ if (!old_var) { new_var = bind_variable (name, ""); } else { new_var = (SHELL_VAR *)xmalloc (sizeof (SHELL_VAR)); new_var->name = savestring (name); new_var->value = savestring (""); new_var->dynamic_value = (DYNAMIC_FUNC *)NULL; new_var->assign_func = (DYNAMIC_FUNC *)NULL; new_var->attributes = 0; if (exported_p (old_var)) new_var->attributes |= att_exported; new_var->prev_context = old_var; elt = add_hash_item (savestring (name), shell_variables); elt->data = (char *)new_var; } new_var->context = variable_context; /* XXX */ if (local_variable_stack_size <= variable_context) { int old_size = local_variable_stack_size; while (local_variable_stack_size <= variable_context) local_variable_stack_size += 8; have_local_variables = xrealloc (have_local_variables, local_variable_stack_size); bzero ((char *)have_local_variables + old_size, local_variable_stack_size - old_size); } have_local_variables[variable_context] = 1; /* XXX */ return (new_var); } /* Bind a variable NAME to VALUE. This conses up the name and value strings. */ SHELL_VAR * bind_variable (name, value) char *name, *value; { SHELL_VAR *entry = var_lookup (name, shell_variables); BUCKET_CONTENTS *elt; if (!entry) { /* Make a new entry for this variable. Then do the binding. */ entry = (SHELL_VAR *)xmalloc (sizeof (SHELL_VAR)); entry->attributes = 0; entry->name = savestring (name); if (value) { if (*value) entry->value = savestring (value); else { entry->value = xmalloc (1); entry->value[0] = '\0'; } } else entry->value = (char *)NULL; entry->dynamic_value = (DYNAMIC_FUNC *)NULL; entry->assign_func = (DYNAMIC_FUNC *)NULL; /* Always assume variables are to be made at toplevel! make_local_variable has the responsibilty of changing the variable context. */ entry->context = 0; entry->prev_context = (SHELL_VAR *)NULL; elt = add_hash_item (savestring (name), shell_variables); elt->data = (char *)entry; } else if (entry->assign_func) return ((*(entry->assign_func)) (entry, value)); else { if (readonly_p (entry)) { report_error ("%s: read-only variable", name); return (entry); } /* Variables which are bound are visible. */ entry->attributes &= ~att_invisible; /* If this variable has had its type set to integer (via `declare -i'), then do expression evaluation on it and store the result. The functions in expr.c (evalexp and bind_int_variable) are responsible for turning off the integer flag if they don't want further evaluation done. */ if (integer_p (entry)) { long val; val = evalexp (value); /* We cannot free () entry->value before this; what if the string we are working is `even=even+2'? We need the original value around while we are doing the evaluation to handle any possible recursion. */ FREE (entry->value); entry->value = itos (val); } else { FREE (entry->value); if (value) { if (*value) entry->value = savestring (value); else { entry->value = xmalloc (1); entry->value[0] = '\0'; } } else entry->value = (char *)NULL; } } if (mark_modified_vars) entry->attributes |= att_exported; if (exported_p (entry)) array_needs_making = 1; return (entry); } /* Dispose of the information attached to VAR. */ void dispose_variable (var) SHELL_VAR *var; { if (!var) return; if (function_p (var)) dispose_command ((COMMAND *)var->value); else if (var->value) free (var->value); free (var->name); if (exported_p (var)) array_needs_making = 1; free (var); } /* Unset the variable referenced by NAME. */ unbind_variable (name) char *name; { SHELL_VAR *var = find_variable (name); if (!var) return (-1); if (var->value) { free (var->value); var->value = (char *)NULL; } makunbound (name, shell_variables); return (0); } /* Make the variable associated with NAME go away. HASH_LIST is the hash table from which this variable should be deleted (either shell_variables or shell_functions). Returns non-zero if the variable couldn't be found. */ makunbound (name, hash_list) char *name; HASH_TABLE *hash_list; { BUCKET_CONTENTS *elt; SHELL_VAR *old_var, *new_var; char *t; elt = remove_hash_item (name, hash_list); if (!elt) return (-1); old_var = (SHELL_VAR *)elt->data; new_var = old_var->prev_context; if (old_var && exported_p (old_var)) array_needs_making++; if (new_var) { /* Has to be a variable, functions don't have previous contexts. */ BUCKET_CONTENTS *new_elt; new_elt = add_hash_item (savestring (new_var->name), hash_list); new_elt->data = (char *)new_var; if (exported_p (new_var)) set_var_auto_export (new_var->name); } /* Have to save a copy of name here, because it might refer to old_var->name. If so, stupidly_hack_special_variables will reference freed memory. */ t = savestring (name); free (elt->key); free (elt); dispose_variable (old_var); stupidly_hack_special_variables (t); free (t); return (0); } /* Remove the variable with NAME if it is a local variable in the current context. */ kill_local_variable (name) char *name; { SHELL_VAR *temp = find_variable (name); if (temp && (temp->context == variable_context)) { makunbound (name, shell_variables); return (0); } return (-1); } /* Get rid of all of the variables in the current context. */ int variable_in_context (var) SHELL_VAR *var; { return (var && var->context == variable_context); } void kill_all_local_variables () { register int i, pass; register SHELL_VAR *var, **list; HASH_TABLE *varlist; /* XXX */ if (!have_local_variables || have_local_variables[variable_context] == 0) return; for (pass = 0; pass < 2; pass++) { varlist = pass ? shell_functions : shell_variables; list = map_over (variable_in_context, varlist); if (list) { for (i = 0; var = list[i]; i++) makunbound (var->name, varlist); free (list); } } have_local_variables[variable_context] = 0; /* XXX */ } /* Delete the entire contents of the hash table. */ void delete_all_variables (hashed_vars) HASH_TABLE *hashed_vars; { register int i; register BUCKET_CONTENTS *bucket; for (i = 0; i < hashed_vars->nbuckets; i++) { bucket = hashed_vars->bucket_array[i]; while (bucket) { BUCKET_CONTENTS *temp = bucket; SHELL_VAR *var, *prev; bucket = bucket->next; var = (SHELL_VAR *)temp->data; while (var) { prev = var->prev_context; dispose_variable (var); var = prev; } free (temp->key); free (temp); } hashed_vars->bucket_array[i] = (BUCKET_CONTENTS *)NULL; } } static SHELL_VAR * new_shell_variable (name) char *name; { SHELL_VAR *var; var = (SHELL_VAR *)xmalloc (sizeof (SHELL_VAR)); bzero ((char *)var, sizeof (SHELL_VAR)); var->name = savestring (name); return (var); } /* Do a function binding to a variable. You pass the name and the command to bind to. This conses the name and command. */ SHELL_VAR * bind_function (name, value) char *name; COMMAND *value; { SHELL_VAR *entry = find_function (name); if (!entry) { BUCKET_CONTENTS *elt; elt = add_hash_item (savestring (name), shell_functions); elt->data = (char *)new_shell_variable (name); entry = (SHELL_VAR *)elt->data; entry->dynamic_value = (DYNAMIC_FUNC *)NULL; entry->assign_func = (DYNAMIC_FUNC *)NULL; /* Functions are always made at the top level. This allows a function to define another function (like autoload). */ entry->context = 0; } if (entry->value) dispose_command ((COMMAND *)entry->value); if (value) /* I don't think this can happen anymore */ entry->value = (char *)copy_command (value); else entry->value = (char *)NULL; entry->attributes |= att_function; if (mark_modified_vars) entry->attributes |= att_exported; entry->attributes &= ~att_invisible; /* Just to be sure */ array_needs_making = 1; return (entry); } /* Copy VAR to a new data structure and return that structure. */ SHELL_VAR * copy_variable (var) SHELL_VAR *var; { SHELL_VAR *copy = (SHELL_VAR *)NULL; if (var) { copy = (SHELL_VAR *)xmalloc (sizeof (SHELL_VAR)); copy->attributes = var->attributes; copy->name = savestring (var->name); if (function_p (var)) copy->value = (char *)copy_command ((COMMAND *)var->value); else if (var->value) copy->value = savestring (var->value); else copy->value = (char *)NULL; copy->dynamic_value = var->dynamic_value; copy->assign_func = var->assign_func; copy->context = var->context; /* Don't bother copying previous contexts along with this variable. */ copy->prev_context = (SHELL_VAR *)NULL; } return (copy); } /* Make the variable associated with NAME be read-only. If NAME does not exist yet, create it. */ void set_var_read_only (name) char *name; { SHELL_VAR *entry = find_variable (name); if (!entry) { entry = bind_variable (name, ""); if (!no_invisible_vars) entry->attributes |= att_invisible; } entry->attributes |= att_readonly; } /* Make the function associated with NAME be read-only. If NAME does not exist, we just punt, like auto_export code below. */ void set_func_read_only (name) char *name; { SHELL_VAR *entry = find_function (name); if (entry) entry->attributes |= att_readonly; } /* Make the variable associated with NAME be auto-exported. If NAME does not exist yet, create it. */ void set_var_auto_export (name) char *name; { SHELL_VAR *entry = find_variable (name); if (!entry) { entry = bind_variable (name, ""); if (!no_invisible_vars) entry->attributes |= att_invisible; } set_auto_export (entry); } /* Make the function associated with NAME be auto-exported. */ void set_func_auto_export (name) char *name; { SHELL_VAR *entry = find_function (name); if (entry) { entry->attributes |= att_exported; array_needs_making = 1; } } /* Returns non-zero if STRING is an assignment statement. The returned value is the index of the `=' sign. */ assignment (string) char *string; { register int c, indx = 0; c = string[indx]; if (!isletter (c) && c != '_') return (0); while (c = string[indx]) { /* The following is safe. Note that '=' at the start of a word is not an assignment statement. */ if (c == '=') return (indx); if (!isletter (c) && !digit (c) && c != '_') return (0); indx++; } return (0); } static int visible_var (var) SHELL_VAR *var; { return (!invisible_p (var)); } SHELL_VAR ** all_visible_variables () { SHELL_VAR **list; list = map_over (visible_var, shell_variables); if (list) sort_variables (list); return (list); } SHELL_VAR ** all_visible_functions () { SHELL_VAR **list; list = map_over (visible_var, shell_functions); if (list) sort_variables (list); return (list); } /* Return non-zero if the variable VAR is visible and exported. */ static int visible_and_exported (var) SHELL_VAR *var; { return (!invisible_p (var) && exported_p (var)); } /* Make an array of assignment statements from the hash table HASHED_VARS which contains SHELL_VARs. Only visible, exported variables are eligible. */ char ** make_var_array (hashed_vars) HASH_TABLE *hashed_vars; { register int i, list_index; register SHELL_VAR *var; char **list = (char **)NULL; SHELL_VAR **vars; vars = map_over (visible_and_exported, hashed_vars); if (!vars) return (char **)NULL; list = (char **)xmalloc ((1 + array_len ((char **)vars)) * sizeof (char *)); for (i = 0, list_index = 0; var = vars[i]; i++) { char *value; if (function_p (var)) value = named_function_string ((char *)NULL, (COMMAND *)function_cell (var), 0); else value = value_cell (var); if (value) { int name_len = strlen (var->name); int value_len = strlen (value); char *p; p = list[list_index] = xmalloc (2 + name_len + value_len); strcpy (p, var->name); p[name_len] = '='; strcpy (p + name_len + 1, value); list_index++; } } free (vars); list[list_index] = (char *)NULL; return (list); } /* Add STRING to the array of foo=bar strings that we already have to add to the environment. */ assign_in_env (string) char *string; { int size; int offset = assignment (string); char *name = savestring (string); char *temp, *value = (char *)NULL; int nlen, vlen; if (name[offset] == '=') { WORD_LIST *list; name[offset] = 0; temp = name + offset + 1; temp = tilde_expand (temp); list = expand_string_unsplit (temp, 0); value = string_list (list); if (list) dispose_words (list); free (temp); } if (!value) value = savestring (""); nlen = strlen (name); vlen = strlen (value); temp = xmalloc (2 + nlen + vlen); strcpy (temp, name); temp[nlen] = '='; strcpy (temp + nlen + 1, value); free (name); free (value); if (!temporary_env) { temporary_env = (char **)xmalloc (sizeof (char *)); temporary_env [0] = (char *)NULL; } size = array_len (temporary_env); temporary_env = (char **) xrealloc (temporary_env, (size + 2) * (sizeof (char *))); temporary_env[size] = (temp); temporary_env[size + 1] = (char *)NULL; array_needs_making = 1; if (echo_command_at_execute) { /* The K*rn shell prints the `+ ' in front of assignment statements, so we do too. */ fprintf (stderr, "%s%s\n", indirection_level_string (), temp); fflush (stderr); } return 1; } /* Search for NAME in ARRAY, an array of strings in the same format as the environment array (i.e, name=value). If NAME is present, make a new variable and return it. Otherwise, return NULL. */ static SHELL_VAR * find_name_in_env_array (name, array) char *name; char **array; { register int i, l = strlen (name); if (!array) return ((SHELL_VAR *)NULL); for (i = 0; array[i]; i++) { if (STREQN (array[i], name, l) && array[i][l] == '=') { SHELL_VAR *temp; temp = new_shell_variable (name); if (array[i][l + 1]) temp->value = savestring (&array[i][l + 1]); else temp->value = (char *) NULL; temp->attributes = att_exported; temp->context = 0; temp->prev_context = (SHELL_VAR *)NULL; temp->dynamic_value = (DYNAMIC_FUNC *)NULL; temp->assign_func = (DYNAMIC_FUNC *)NULL; return (temp); } } return ((SHELL_VAR *)NULL); } /* Find a variable in the temporary environment that is named NAME. The temporary environment can be either the environment provided to a simple command, or the environment provided to a shell function. We only search the function environment if we are currently executing a shell function body (variable_context > 0). Return a consed variable, or NULL if not found. */ SHELL_VAR * find_tempenv_variable (name) char *name; { SHELL_VAR *var = (SHELL_VAR *)NULL; if (temporary_env) var = find_name_in_env_array (name, temporary_env); /* We don't check this_shell_builtin because the command that needs the value from builtin_env may be a disk command run inside a script run with `.' and a temporary env. */ if (!var && builtin_env) var = find_name_in_env_array (name, builtin_env); if (!var && variable_context && function_env) var = find_name_in_env_array (name, function_env); return (var); } /* Free the storage allocated to the string array pointed to by ARRAYP, and make that variable have a null pointer as a value. */ static void dispose_temporary_vars (arrayp) char ***arrayp; { if (!*arrayp) return; free_array (*arrayp); *arrayp = (char **)NULL; array_needs_making = 1; } /* Free the storage used in the variable array for temporary environment variables. */ void dispose_used_env_vars () { dispose_temporary_vars (&temporary_env); } /* Free the storage used for temporary environment variables given to commands when executing inside of a function body. */ void dispose_function_env () { dispose_temporary_vars (&function_env); } /* Free the storage used for temporary environment variables given to commands when executing a builtin command such as "source". */ void dispose_builtin_env () { dispose_temporary_vars (&builtin_env); } /* Sort ARRAY, a null terminated array of pointers to strings. */ void sort_char_array (array) char **array; { qsort (array, array_len (array), sizeof (char *), (Function *)qsort_string_compare); } #define ISFUNC(s, o) ((s[o + 1] == '(') && (s[o + 2] == ')')) /* Add ASSIGN to ARRAY, or supercede a previous assignment in the array with the same left-hand side. Return the new array. */ char ** add_or_supercede (assign, array) char *assign; register char **array; { register int i; int equal_offset = assignment (assign); if (!equal_offset) return (array); /* If this is a function, then only supercede the function definition. We do this by including the `=(' in the comparison. */ if (assign[equal_offset + 1] == '(') equal_offset++; for (i = 0; array && array[i]; i++) { if (STREQN (assign, array[i], equal_offset + 1)) { free (array[i]); array[i] = savestring (assign); return (array); } } array = (char **)xrealloc (array, ((2 + i) * sizeof (char *))); array[i++] = savestring (assign); array[i] = (char *)NULL; return (array); } /* Make the environment array for the command about to be executed. If the array needs making. Otherwise, do nothing. If a shell action could change the array that commands receive for their environment, then the code should `array_needs_making++'. */ void maybe_make_export_env () { register int i; register char **temp_array; if (array_needs_making) { if (export_env) free_array (export_env); #ifdef SHADOWED_ENV export_env = (char **)xmalloc ((1 + array_len (shell_environment)) * sizeof (char *)); for (i = 0; shell_environment[i]; i++) export_env[i] = savestring (shell_environment[i]); export_env[i] = (char *)NULL; #else /* !SHADOWED_ENV */ export_env = (char **)xmalloc (sizeof (char *)); export_env[0] = (char *)NULL; #endif /* SHADOWED_ENV */ temp_array = make_var_array (shell_variables); for (i = 0; temp_array && temp_array[i]; i++) export_env = add_or_supercede (temp_array[i], export_env); free_array (temp_array); temp_array = make_var_array (shell_functions); for (i = 0; temp_array && temp_array[i]; i++) export_env = add_or_supercede (temp_array[i], export_env); free_array (temp_array); if (function_env) for (i = 0; function_env[i]; i++) export_env = add_or_supercede (function_env[i], export_env); if (temporary_env) for (i = 0; temporary_env[i]; i++) export_env = add_or_supercede (temporary_env[i], export_env); /* If we changed the array, then sort it alphabetically. */ if (temporary_env || function_env) sort_char_array (export_env); array_needs_making = 0; } } /* We always put _ in the environment as the name of this command. */ void put_command_name_into_env (command_name) char *command_name; { char *dummy; dummy = xmalloc (4 + strlen (command_name)); /* These three statements replace a call to sprintf */ dummy[0] = '_'; dummy[1] = '='; strcpy (dummy + 2, command_name); export_env = add_or_supercede (dummy, export_env); free (dummy); } /* We supply our own version of getenv () because we want library routines to get the changed values of exported variables. */ /* The NeXT C library has getenv () defined and used in the same file. This screws our scheme. However, Bash will run on the NeXT using the C library getenv (), since right now the only environment variable that we care about is HOME, and that is already defined. */ #if !defined (NeXT) && !defined (HPOSF1) static char *last_tempenv_value = (char *)NULL; extern char **environ; char * getenv (name) #if defined (Linux) || defined (__bsdi__) || defined (convex) const char *name; #else char const *name; #endif /* !Linux */ { SHELL_VAR *var = find_tempenv_variable ((char *)name); if (var) { FREE (last_tempenv_value); last_tempenv_value = savestring (value_cell (var)); dispose_variable (var); return (last_tempenv_value); } else if (shell_variables) { var = find_variable ((char *)name); if (var && exported_p (var)) return (value_cell (var)); } else { register int i, len = strlen (name); /* In some cases, s5r3 invokes getenv() before main(); BSD systems using gprof also exhibit this behavior. This means that shell_variables will be 0 when this is invoked. We look up the variable in the real environment in that case. */ for (i = 0; environ[i]; i++) { if ((STREQN (environ[i], name, len)) && (environ[i][len] == '=')) return (environ[i] + len + 1); } } return ((char *)NULL); } #endif /* !NeXT && !HPOSF1 */ bash-1.14.3/variables.h 644 436 0 10627 5611262740 13023 0ustar chetwheel/* variables.h -- data structures for shell variables. */ #if !defined (_VARIABLES_H_) #define _VARIABLES_H_ #include "stdc.h" /* Shell variables and functions are stored in hash tables. */ #include "hash.h" /* What a shell variable looks like. */ typedef struct variable *DYNAMIC_FUNC (); typedef struct variable { char *name; /* Symbol that the user types. */ char *value; /* Value that is returned. */ DYNAMIC_FUNC *dynamic_value; /* Function called to return a `dynamic' value for a variable, like $SECONDS or $RANDOM. */ DYNAMIC_FUNC *assign_func; /* Function called when this `special variable' is assigned a value in bind_variable. */ int attributes; /* export, readonly, array, invisible... */ int context; /* Which context this variable belongs to. */ struct variable *prev_context; /* Value from previous context or NULL. */ } SHELL_VAR; /* The various attributes that a given variable can have. We only reserve one byte of the INT. */ #define att_exported 0x01 /* %00000001 (export to environment) */ #define att_readonly 0x02 /* %00000010 (cannot change) */ #define att_invisible 0x04 /* %00000100 (cannot see) */ #define att_array 0x08 /* %00001000 (value is an array) */ #define att_nounset 0x10 /* %00010000 (cannot unset) */ #define att_function 0x20 /* %00100000 (value is a function) */ #define att_integer 0x40 /* %01000000 (internal rep. is int) */ #define att_imported 0x80 /* %10000000 (came from environment) */ #define exported_p(var) ((((var)->attributes) & (att_exported))) #define readonly_p(var) ((((var)->attributes) & (att_readonly))) #define invisible_p(var) ((((var)->attributes) & (att_invisible))) #define array_p(var) ((((var)->attributes) & (att_array))) #define function_p(var) ((((var)->attributes) & (att_function))) #define integer_p(var) ((((var)->attributes) & (att_integer))) #define imported_p(var) ((((var)->attributes) & (att_imported))) #define value_cell(var) ((var)->value) #define function_cell(var) (COMMAND *)((var)->value) /* Stuff for hacking variables. */ extern int variable_context; extern HASH_TABLE *shell_variables, *shell_functions; extern char *dollar_vars[]; extern char **export_env; extern char **non_unsettable_vars; extern void initialize_shell_variables __P((char **)); extern SHELL_VAR *find_function __P((char *)); extern SHELL_VAR *find_variable __P((char *)); extern SHELL_VAR *find_variable_internal __P((char *, int)); extern SHELL_VAR *find_tempenv_variable __P((char *)); extern SHELL_VAR *copy_variable __P((SHELL_VAR *)); extern SHELL_VAR *set_if_not __P((char *, char *)); extern SHELL_VAR *make_local_variable __P((char *)); extern SHELL_VAR *bind_variable __P((char *, char *)); extern SHELL_VAR *bind_function __P((char *, COMMAND *)); extern SHELL_VAR **map_over __P((Function *, HASH_TABLE *)); extern SHELL_VAR **all_shell_variables __P((void)); extern SHELL_VAR **all_shell_functions __P((void)); extern SHELL_VAR **all_visible_variables __P((void)); extern SHELL_VAR **all_visible_functions __P((void)); extern char **make_var_array __P((HASH_TABLE *)); extern char **add_or_supercede __P((char *, char **)); extern char *get_string_value __P((char *)); extern int assignment __P((char *)); extern int variable_in_context __P((SHELL_VAR *)); extern int assign_in_env __P((char *)); extern int unbind_variable __P((char *)); extern int makunbound __P((char *, HASH_TABLE *)); extern int kill_local_variable __P((char *)); extern void delete_all_variables __P((HASH_TABLE *)); extern void adjust_shell_level __P((int)); extern void non_unsettable __P((char *)); extern void dispose_variable __P((SHELL_VAR *)); extern void dispose_function_env __P((void)); extern void dispose_builtin_env __P((void)); extern void dispose_used_env_vars __P((void)); extern void kill_all_local_variables __P((void)); extern void set_var_read_only __P((char *)); extern void set_func_read_only __P((char *)); extern void set_var_auto_export __P((char *)); extern void set_func_auto_export __P((char *)); extern void sort_char_array __P((char **)); extern void sort_variables __P((SHELL_VAR **)); extern void maybe_make_export_env __P((void)); extern void put_command_name_into_env __P((char *)); extern void print_var_list __P((SHELL_VAR **)); extern void print_assignment __P((SHELL_VAR *)); extern void print_var_value __P((SHELL_VAR *)); extern void print_var_function __P((SHELL_VAR *)); #endif /* !_VARIABLES_H_ */ bash-1.14.3/version.c 644 436 0 1744 5474222161 12513 0ustar chetwheel/* version.c -- distribution and version numbers. */ /* Copyright (C) 1989 Free Software Foundation, Inc. This file is part of GNU Bash, the Bourne Again SHell. Bash is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 1, or (at your option) any later version. Bash is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details. You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with Bash; see the file COPYING. If not, write to the Free Software Foundation, 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. */ #include "version.h" char *dist_version = DISTVERSION; int patch_level = PATCHLEVEL; int build_version = BUILDVERSION; char *sccs_version = SCCSVERSION; bash-1.14.3/vprint.c 644 436 0 3557 5336303735 12360 0ustar chetwheel/* vprint.c -- v[fs]printf() for 4.[23] BSD systems. */ /* Copyright (C) 1987,1989 Free Software Foundation, Inc. This file is part of GNU Bash, the Bourne Again SHell. Bash is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 1, or (at your option) any later version. Bash is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details. You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with Bash; see the file COPYING. If not, write to the Free Software Foundation, 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. */ #include #if !defined (NULL) # if defined (__STDC__) # define NULL ((void *)0) # else # define NULL 0x0 # endif /* __STDC__ */ #endif /* !NULL */ /* * Beware! Don't trust the value returned by either of these functions; it * seems that pre-4.3-tahoe implementations of _doprnt () return the first * argument, i.e. a char *. */ #include int vfprintf (iop, fmt, ap) FILE *iop; char *fmt; va_list ap; { int len; char localbuf[BUFSIZ]; if (iop->_flag & _IONBF) { iop->_flag &= ~_IONBF; iop->_ptr = iop->_base = localbuf; len = _doprnt (fmt, ap, iop); (void) fflush (iop); iop->_flag |= _IONBF; iop->_base = NULL; iop->_bufsiz = 0; iop->_cnt = 0; } else len = _doprnt (fmt, ap, iop); return (ferror (iop) ? EOF : len); } /* * Ditto for vsprintf */ int vsprintf (str, fmt, ap) char *str, *fmt; va_list ap; { FILE f; int len; f._flag = _IOWRT|_IOSTRG; f._ptr = str; f._cnt = 32767; len = _doprnt (fmt, ap, &f); *f._ptr = 0; return (len); } bash-1.14.3/y.tab.c 664 436 0 346457 5672707016 12131 0ustar chetwheel /* A Bison parser, made from ./parse.y */ #define YYBISON 1 /* Identify Bison output. */ #define IF 258 #define THEN 259 #define ELSE 260 #define ELIF 261 #define FI 262 #define CASE 263 #define ESAC 264 #define FOR 265 #define SELECT 266 #define WHILE 267 #define UNTIL 268 #define DO 269 #define DONE 270 #define FUNCTION 271 #define IN 272 #define BANG 273 #define WORD 274 #define ASSIGNMENT_WORD 275 #define NUMBER 276 #define AND_AND 277 #define OR_OR 278 #define GREATER_GREATER 279 #define LESS_LESS 280 #define LESS_AND 281 #define GREATER_AND 282 #define SEMI_SEMI 283 #define LESS_LESS_MINUS 284 #define AND_GREATER 285 #define LESS_GREATER 286 #define GREATER_BAR 287 #define yacc_EOF 288 #line 21 "./parse.y" #include #include "bashtypes.h" #include #include "bashansi.h" #include "shell.h" #include "flags.h" #include "input.h" #if defined (READLINE) # include #endif /* READLINE */ #if defined (HISTORY) # include "bashhist.h" # include #endif /* HISTORY */ #if defined (JOB_CONTROL) # include "jobs.h" #endif /* JOB_CONTROL */ #if defined (ALIAS) # include "alias.h" #endif /* ALIAS */ #if defined (PROMPT_STRING_DECODE) #include #include #include "maxpath.h" #endif /* PROMPT_STRING_DECODE */ #define YYDEBUG 1 extern int eof_encountered; extern int no_line_editing; extern int current_command_number; extern int interactive, interactive_shell, login_shell; extern int posixly_correct; extern int last_command_exit_value; extern int interrupt_immediately; extern char *shell_name, *current_host_name; extern Function *last_shell_builtin, *this_shell_builtin; #if defined (READLINE) extern int bash_readline_initialized; #endif #if defined (BUFFERED_INPUT) extern int bash_input_fd_changed; #endif /* **************************************************************** */ /* */ /* "Forward" declarations */ /* */ /* **************************************************************** */ /* This is kind of sickening. In order to let these variables be seen by all the functions that need them, I am forced to place their declarations far away from the place where they should logically be found. */ static int reserved_word_acceptable (); static int read_token (); static void report_syntax_error (); static void handle_eof_input_unit (); static void prompt_again (); static void reset_readline_prompt (); static void print_prompt (); /* PROMPT_STRING_POINTER points to one of these, never to an actual string. */ char *ps1_prompt, *ps2_prompt; /* Handle on the current prompt string. Indirectly points through ps1_ or ps2_prompt. */ char **prompt_string_pointer = (char **)NULL; char *current_prompt_string; /* The decoded prompt string. Used if READLINE is not defined or if editing is turned off. Analogous to current_readline_prompt. */ static char *current_decoded_prompt; /* The number of lines read from input while creating the current command. */ int current_command_line_count = 0; /* Variables to manage the task of reading here documents, because we need to defer the reading until after a complete command has been collected. */ static REDIRECT *redir_stack[10]; int need_here_doc = 0; /* Where shell input comes from. History expansion is performed on each line when the shell is interactive. */ static char *shell_input_line = (char *)NULL; static int shell_input_line_index = 0; static int shell_input_line_size = 0; /* Amount allocated for shell_input_line. */ static int shell_input_line_len = 0; /* strlen (shell_input_line) */ /* Either zero or EOF. */ static int shell_input_line_terminator = 0; static REDIRECTEE redir; #line 122 "./parse.y" typedef union { WORD_DESC *word; /* the word that we read. */ int number; /* the number that we read. */ WORD_LIST *word_list; COMMAND *command; REDIRECT *redirect; ELEMENT element; PATTERN_LIST *pattern; } YYSTYPE; #ifndef YYLTYPE typedef struct yyltype { int timestamp; int first_line; int first_column; int last_line; int last_column; char *text; } yyltype; #define YYLTYPE yyltype #endif #include #ifndef __STDC__ #define const #endif #define YYFINAL 258 #define YYFLAG -32768 #define YYNTBASE 45 #define YYTRANSLATE(x) ((unsigned)(x) <= 288 ? yytranslate[x] : 73) static const char yytranslate[] = { 0, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 35, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 33, 2, 43, 44, 2, 2, 2, 40, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 34, 39, 2, 38, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 41, 37, 42, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 36 }; #if YYDEBUG != 0 static const short yyprhs[] = { 0, 0, 3, 5, 8, 10, 11, 14, 17, 20, 24, 28, 31, 35, 38, 42, 45, 49, 52, 56, 59, 63, 66, 70, 73, 77, 80, 84, 87, 91, 94, 98, 101, 104, 108, 110, 112, 114, 116, 119, 121, 124, 126, 128, 130, 133, 140, 147, 155, 163, 174, 185, 192, 200, 207, 213, 219, 221, 223, 225, 227, 229, 236, 243, 251, 259, 270, 281, 287, 294, 301, 309, 314, 320, 324, 330, 338, 345, 349, 354, 361, 367, 369, 372, 377, 382, 388, 394, 396, 399, 405, 411, 418, 425, 427, 431, 434, 436, 440, 444, 448, 453, 458, 463, 468, 473, 475, 478, 480, 482, 484, 485, 488, 490, 493, 496, 501, 506, 510, 514, 516, 519, 524 }; #endif static const short yyrhs[] = { 70, 35, 0, 35, 0, 1, 35, 0, 36, 0, 0, 46, 19, 0, 38, 19, 0, 39, 19, 0, 21, 38, 19, 0, 21, 39, 19, 0, 24, 19, 0, 21, 24, 19, 0, 25, 19, 0, 21, 25, 19, 0, 26, 21, 0, 21, 26, 21, 0, 27, 21, 0, 21, 27, 21, 0, 26, 19, 0, 21, 26, 19, 0, 27, 19, 0, 21, 27, 19, 0, 29, 19, 0, 21, 29, 19, 0, 27, 40, 0, 21, 27, 40, 0, 26, 40, 0, 21, 26, 40, 0, 30, 19, 0, 21, 31, 19, 0, 31, 19, 0, 32, 19, 0, 21, 32, 19, 0, 19, 0, 20, 0, 47, 0, 47, 0, 49, 47, 0, 48, 0, 50, 48, 0, 50, 0, 52, 0, 53, 0, 53, 49, 0, 10, 19, 69, 14, 65, 15, 0, 10, 19, 69, 41, 65, 42, 0, 10, 19, 34, 69, 14, 65, 15, 0, 10, 19, 34, 69, 41, 65, 42, 0, 10, 19, 69, 17, 46, 68, 69, 14, 65, 15, 0, 10, 19, 69, 17, 46, 68, 69, 41, 65, 42, 0, 8, 19, 69, 17, 69, 9, 0, 8, 19, 69, 17, 62, 69, 9, 0, 8, 19, 69, 17, 60, 9, 0, 12, 65, 14, 65, 15, 0, 13, 65, 14, 65, 15, 0, 54, 0, 57, 0, 56, 0, 58, 0, 55, 0, 11, 19, 69, 14, 65, 15, 0, 11, 19, 69, 41, 65, 42, 0, 11, 19, 34, 69, 14, 65, 15, 0, 11, 19, 34, 69, 41, 65, 42, 0, 11, 19, 69, 17, 46, 68, 69, 14, 65, 15, 0, 11, 19, 69, 17, 46, 68, 69, 41, 65, 42, 0, 19, 43, 44, 69, 58, 0, 19, 43, 44, 69, 58, 49, 0, 16, 19, 43, 44, 69, 58, 0, 16, 19, 43, 44, 69, 58, 49, 0, 16, 19, 69, 58, 0, 16, 19, 69, 58, 49, 0, 43, 65, 44, 0, 3, 65, 4, 65, 7, 0, 3, 65, 4, 65, 5, 65, 7, 0, 3, 65, 4, 65, 59, 7, 0, 41, 65, 42, 0, 6, 65, 4, 65, 0, 6, 65, 4, 65, 5, 65, 0, 6, 65, 4, 65, 59, 0, 61, 0, 62, 61, 0, 69, 64, 44, 65, 0, 69, 64, 44, 69, 0, 69, 43, 64, 44, 65, 0, 69, 43, 64, 44, 69, 0, 63, 0, 62, 63, 0, 69, 64, 44, 65, 28, 0, 69, 64, 44, 69, 28, 0, 69, 43, 64, 44, 65, 28, 0, 69, 43, 64, 44, 69, 28, 0, 19, 0, 64, 37, 19, 0, 69, 66, 0, 67, 0, 67, 35, 69, 0, 67, 33, 69, 0, 67, 34, 69, 0, 67, 22, 69, 67, 0, 67, 23, 69, 67, 0, 67, 33, 69, 67, 0, 67, 34, 69, 67, 0, 67, 35, 69, 67, 0, 72, 0, 18, 72, 0, 35, 0, 34, 0, 36, 0, 0, 69, 35, 0, 71, 0, 71, 33, 0, 71, 34, 0, 71, 22, 69, 71, 0, 71, 23, 69, 71, 0, 71, 33, 71, 0, 71, 34, 71, 0, 72, 0, 18, 72, 0, 72, 37, 69, 72, 0, 51, 0 }; #if YYDEBUG != 0 static const short yyrline[] = { 0, 163, 172, 179, 195, 205, 207, 211, 216, 221, 226, 231, 236, 241, 247, 253, 258, 263, 268, 273, 278, 283, 288, 293, 300, 307, 312, 317, 322, 327, 332, 337, 353, 358, 365, 367, 369, 373, 377, 388, 390, 394, 396, 400, 402, 417, 419, 421, 423, 425, 427, 430, 432, 434, 436, 438, 440, 442, 444, 446, 448, 452, 458, 464, 470, 476, 482, 490, 493, 496, 499, 502, 505, 509, 513, 515, 517, 522, 526, 528, 530, 534, 535, 539, 541, 543, 545, 549, 550, 554, 556, 558, 560, 564, 566, 575, 583, 584, 585, 592, 596, 598, 600, 607, 609, 611, 613, 620, 621, 622, 625, 626, 635, 641, 650, 658, 660, 662, 669, 671, 673, 680, 683 }; static const char * const yytname[] = { "$","error","$illegal.","IF","THEN", "ELSE","ELIF","FI","CASE","ESAC","FOR","SELECT","WHILE","UNTIL","DO","DONE", "FUNCTION","IN","BANG","WORD","ASSIGNMENT_WORD","NUMBER","AND_AND","OR_OR","GREATER_GREATER", "LESS_LESS","LESS_AND","GREATER_AND","SEMI_SEMI","LESS_LESS_MINUS","AND_GREATER", "LESS_GREATER","GREATER_BAR","'&'","';'","'\\n'","yacc_EOF","'|'","'>'","'<'", "'-'","'{'","'}'","'('","')'","inputunit","words","redirection","simple_command_element", "redirections","simple_command","command","shell_command","shell_command_1", "select_command","function_def","subshell","if_command","group_command","elif_clause", "case_clause_1","pattern_list_1","case_clause_sequence","pattern_list","pattern", "list","list0","list1","list_terminator","newlines","simple_list","simple_list1", "pipeline","" }; #endif static const short yyr1[] = { 0, 45, 45, 45, 45, 46, 46, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 48, 48, 48, 49, 49, 50, 50, 51, 51, 52, 52, 53, 53, 53, 53, 53, 53, 53, 53, 53, 53, 53, 53, 53, 53, 53, 53, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 56, 57, 57, 57, 58, 59, 59, 59, 60, 60, 61, 61, 61, 61, 62, 62, 63, 63, 63, 63, 64, 64, 65, 66, 66, 66, 66, 67, 67, 67, 67, 67, 67, 67, 68, 68, 68, 69, 69, 70, 70, 70, 71, 71, 71, 71, 71, 71, 72, 72 }; static const short yyr2[] = { 0, 2, 1, 2, 1, 0, 2, 2, 2, 3, 3, 2, 3, 2, 3, 2, 3, 2, 3, 2, 3, 2, 3, 2, 3, 2, 3, 2, 3, 2, 3, 2, 2, 3, 1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 1, 2, 1, 1, 1, 2, 6, 6, 7, 7, 10, 10, 6, 7, 6, 5, 5, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 6, 6, 7, 7, 10, 10, 5, 6, 6, 7, 4, 5, 3, 5, 7, 6, 3, 4, 6, 5, 1, 2, 4, 4, 5, 5, 1, 2, 5, 5, 6, 6, 1, 3, 2, 1, 3, 3, 3, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 1, 2, 1, 1, 1, 0, 2, 1, 2, 2, 4, 4, 3, 3, 1, 2, 4, 1 }; static const short yydefact[] = { 0, 0, 110, 0, 0, 0, 110, 110, 0, 0, 34, 35, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 2, 4, 0, 0, 110, 110, 36, 39, 41, 122, 42, 43, 56, 60, 58, 57, 59, 0, 112, 119, 3, 0, 0, 110, 110, 110, 0, 0, 110, 120, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 11, 13, 19, 15, 27, 21, 17, 25, 23, 29, 31, 32, 7, 8, 0, 0, 34, 40, 37, 44, 1, 110, 110, 113, 114, 110, 110, 0, 111, 95, 96, 105, 0, 110, 0, 110, 0, 110, 110, 0, 0, 110, 12, 14, 20, 16, 28, 22, 18, 26, 24, 30, 33, 9, 10, 77, 73, 38, 0, 0, 117, 118, 0, 0, 106, 110, 110, 110, 110, 110, 110, 0, 110, 5, 110, 0, 110, 5, 110, 0, 0, 110, 71, 0, 115, 116, 0, 0, 121, 110, 110, 74, 0, 0, 0, 98, 99, 97, 0, 81, 110, 87, 0, 110, 110, 0, 0, 0, 110, 110, 0, 0, 0, 54, 55, 0, 72, 67, 0, 0, 76, 100, 101, 102, 103, 104, 53, 82, 88, 0, 51, 93, 0, 0, 0, 0, 45, 6, 108, 107, 109, 110, 46, 0, 0, 61, 110, 62, 69, 68, 75, 110, 110, 110, 110, 52, 0, 0, 110, 47, 48, 0, 63, 64, 0, 70, 78, 0, 0, 0, 110, 94, 83, 84, 110, 110, 110, 110, 110, 80, 85, 86, 89, 90, 0, 0, 0, 0, 79, 91, 92, 49, 50, 65, 66, 0, 0, 0 }; static const short yydefgoto[] = { 256, 167, 27, 28, 80, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 153, 159, 160, 161, 162, 194, 42, 90, 91, 202, 43, 38, 121, 92 }; static const short yypact[] = { 233, -28,-32768, 2, 10, 15,-32768,-32768, 32, 437, 19, -32768, 494, 46, 52, -5, 39, 59, 61, 93, 95, -32768,-32768, 102, 103,-32768,-32768,-32768,-32768, 462,-32768, -32768, 478,-32768,-32768,-32768,-32768,-32768, 71, 116, 91, -32768, 126, 301,-32768, 117, 118, 123, 139, 89, 91, 111, 137, 138, 75, 76, 141, 143, 146, 148, 149, -32768,-32768,-32768,-32768,-32768,-32768,-32768,-32768,-32768,-32768, -32768,-32768,-32768,-32768, 127, 131,-32768,-32768,-32768, 478, -32768,-32768,-32768, 369, 369,-32768,-32768, 437,-32768,-32768, 101, 91, 37,-32768, -4,-32768, 22,-32768,-32768, 133, -23,-32768,-32768,-32768,-32768,-32768,-32768,-32768,-32768,-32768, -32768,-32768,-32768,-32768,-32768,-32768,-32768,-32768, 335, 335, 60, 60, 403, 98, 91,-32768,-32768,-32768,-32768,-32768, -32768, 3,-32768,-32768,-32768, 33,-32768,-32768,-32768, 167, 172,-32768, 478, -23,-32768,-32768, 369, 369, 91,-32768, -32768,-32768, 181, 301, 301, 301, 301, 301, 186,-32768, -32768,-32768, 21,-32768,-32768, 192, 83, 168,-32768,-32768, 194, 83, 175,-32768,-32768, -23, 478, 478, 208, 214, -32768,-32768,-32768, 87, 87, 87,-32768,-32768,-32768, 24, -32768,-32768, 200, -22, 205, 179,-32768,-32768,-32768,-32768, -32768,-32768,-32768, 207, 182,-32768,-32768,-32768, 478, 478, -32768,-32768,-32768,-32768,-32768,-32768, 29, 204,-32768,-32768, -32768, 34,-32768,-32768, 35, 478, 135, 301, 301, 301, -32768,-32768, 198, 173,-32768,-32768,-32768,-32768,-32768,-32768, 199, 267,-32768,-32768, 213, 193, 222, 196,-32768,-32768, -32768,-32768,-32768,-32768,-32768, 239, 240,-32768 }; static const short yypgoto[] = {-32768, 104, -30, 218, -132,-32768,-32768,-32768,-32768,-32768,-32768, -32768,-32768, -92, 28,-32768, 100,-32768, 105, 55, -6, -32768, -130, 78, -41,-32768, 6, 23 }; #define YYLAST 533 static const short yytable[] = { 47, 48, 79, 93, 95, 97, 39, 41, 101, 143, 133, 177, 89, 134, 63, 218, 64, 164, 25, 75, 76, 44, 219, 40, 182, 183, 184, 185, 186, 45, 191, 89, 50, 216, 46, 65, 137, 135, 89, 138, 192, 119, 120, 192, 165, 123, 210, 169, 235, 237, 118, 49, 178, 132, 131, 136, 89, 89, 66, 89, 67, 144, 51, 139, 193, 61, 218, 193, 89, 89, 89, 62, 89, 231, 170, 236, 238, 226, 69, 68, 70, 124, 82, 83, 209, 154, 155, 156, 157, 158, 163, 122, 140, 141, 105, 108, 106, 109, 184, 185, 186, 176, 198, 150, 151, 152, 81, 40, 40, 126, 127, 125, 71, 79, 72, 107, 110, 199, 200, 201, 190, 73, 74, 126, 127, 145, 146, 166, 86, 168, 87, 171, 100, 173, 128, 129, 130, 98, 82, 83, 239, 151, 40, 40, 179, 180, 149, 118, 79, 84, 85, 94, 96, 99, 122, 102, 103, 104, 195, 196, 111, 222, 112, 204, 205, 113, 225, 114, 115, 116, 40, 40, 228, 229, 230, 117, 2, 142, 234, 79, 118, 3, 174, 4, 5, 6, 7, 175, 181, 8, 242, 88, 10, 11, 12, 187, 118, 13, 14, 15, 16, 244, 17, 18, 19, 20, 227, 197, 89, 206, 203, 23, 24, 233, 25, 211, 26, 208, 212, 192, 220, 221, 223, 232, 224, 241, 243, 250, 252, 245, 246, 247, 248, 249, 1, 253, 2, 254, 255, 257, 258, 3, 172, 4, 5, 6, 7, 78, 217, 8, 207, 9, 10, 11, 12, 240, 0, 13, 14, 15, 16, 188, 17, 18, 19, 20, 189, 0, 21, 22, 2, 23, 24, 0, 25, 3, 26, 4, 5, 6, 7, 0, 0, 8, 0, 88, 10, 11, 12, 0, 0, 13, 14, 15, 16, 251, 17, 18, 19, 20, 0, 0, 89, 0, 2, 23, 24, 0, 25, 3, 26, 4, 5, 6, 7, 0, 0, 8, 0, 88, 10, 11, 12, 0, 0, 13, 14, 15, 16, 0, 17, 18, 19, 20, 0, 0, 89, 0, 2, 23, 24, 0, 25, 3, 26, 4, 5, 6, 7, 0, 0, 8, 0, 9, 10, 11, 12, 0, 0, 13, 14, 15, 16, 0, 17, 18, 19, 20, 0, 0, 89, 0, 2, 23, 24, 0, 25, 3, 26, 4, 5, 6, 7, 0, 0, 8, 0, 9, 10, 11, 12, 0, 0, 13, 14, 15, 16, 0, 17, 18, 19, 20, 0, 0, 0, 0, 2, 23, 24, 0, 25, 3, 26, 4, 5, 6, 7, 0, 0, 8, 0, 0, 10, 11, 12, 0, 0, 13, 14, 15, 16, 0, 17, 18, 19, 20, 0, 0, 89, 0, 2, 23, 24, 0, 25, 3, 26, 4, 5, 6, 7, 0, 0, 8, 0, 0, 10, 11, 12, 0, 0, 13, 14, 15, 16, 0, 17, 18, 19, 20, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 23, 24, 0, 25, 0, 26, 77, 11, 12, 0, 0, 13, 14, 15, 16, 0, 17, 18, 19, 20, 0, 0, 0, 0, 12, 23, 24, 13, 14, 15, 16, 0, 17, 18, 19, 20, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 23, 24, 52, 53, 54, 55, 0, 56, 0, 57, 58, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 59, 60 }; static const short yycheck[] = { 6, 7, 32, 44, 45, 46, 0, 35, 49, 101, 14, 143, 35, 17, 19, 37, 21, 14, 41, 25, 26, 19, 44, 0, 154, 155, 156, 157, 158, 19, 9, 35, 9, 9, 19, 40, 14, 41, 35, 17, 19, 82, 83, 19, 41, 86, 178, 14, 14, 14, 80, 19, 144, 94, 17, 96, 35, 35, 19, 35, 21, 102, 43, 41, 43, 19, 37, 43, 35, 35, 35, 19, 35, 44, 41, 41, 41, 209, 19, 40, 19, 87, 22, 23, 176, 126, 127, 128, 129, 130, 131, 85, 98, 99, 19, 19, 21, 21, 228, 229, 230, 142, 19, 5, 6, 7, 35, 84, 85, 22, 23, 88, 19, 143, 19, 40, 40, 34, 35, 36, 161, 19, 19, 22, 23, 119, 120, 133, 37, 135, 4, 137, 43, 139, 33, 34, 35, 14, 22, 23, 5, 6, 119, 120, 150, 151, 123, 177, 178, 33, 34, 34, 34, 14, 148, 44, 19, 19, 164, 165, 19, 202, 19, 169, 170, 19, 207, 19, 19, 42, 147, 148, 213, 214, 215, 44, 3, 44, 219, 209, 210, 8, 15, 10, 11, 12, 13, 15, 7, 16, 231, 18, 19, 20, 21, 9, 226, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 212, 15, 35, 15, 42, 38, 39, 219, 41, 7, 43, 42, 4, 19, 15, 42, 15, 19, 42, 231, 28, 28, 15, 235, 236, 237, 238, 239, 1, 42, 3, 15, 42, 0, 0, 8, 138, 10, 11, 12, 13, 29, 193, 16, 172, 18, 19, 20, 21, 227, -1, 24, 25, 26, 27, 161, 29, 30, 31, 32, 161, -1, 35, 36, 3, 38, 39, -1, 41, 8, 43, 10, 11, 12, 13, -1, -1, 16, -1, 18, 19, 20, 21, -1, -1, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, -1, -1, 35, -1, 3, 38, 39, -1, 41, 8, 43, 10, 11, 12, 13, -1, -1, 16, -1, 18, 19, 20, 21, -1, -1, 24, 25, 26, 27, -1, 29, 30, 31, 32, -1, -1, 35, -1, 3, 38, 39, -1, 41, 8, 43, 10, 11, 12, 13, -1, -1, 16, -1, 18, 19, 20, 21, -1, -1, 24, 25, 26, 27, -1, 29, 30, 31, 32, -1, -1, 35, -1, 3, 38, 39, -1, 41, 8, 43, 10, 11, 12, 13, -1, -1, 16, -1, 18, 19, 20, 21, -1, -1, 24, 25, 26, 27, -1, 29, 30, 31, 32, -1, -1, -1, -1, 3, 38, 39, -1, 41, 8, 43, 10, 11, 12, 13, -1, -1, 16, -1, -1, 19, 20, 21, -1, -1, 24, 25, 26, 27, -1, 29, 30, 31, 32, -1, -1, 35, -1, 3, 38, 39, -1, 41, 8, 43, 10, 11, 12, 13, -1, -1, 16, -1, -1, 19, 20, 21, -1, -1, 24, 25, 26, 27, -1, 29, 30, 31, 32, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, 38, 39, -1, 41, -1, 43, 19, 20, 21, -1, -1, 24, 25, 26, 27, -1, 29, 30, 31, 32, -1, -1, -1, -1, 21, 38, 39, 24, 25, 26, 27, -1, 29, 30, 31, 32, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, 38, 39, 24, 25, 26, 27, -1, 29, -1, 31, 32, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, 38, 39 }; /* -*-C-*- Note some compilers choke on comments on `#line' lines. */ #line 3 "/usr/local/lib/bison.simple" /* Skeleton output parser for bison, Copyright (C) 1984, 1989, 1990 Bob Corbett and Richard Stallman This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 1, or (at your option) any later version. This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details. You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. */ #ifndef alloca #ifdef __GNUC__ #define alloca __builtin_alloca #else /* not GNU C. */ #if (!defined (__STDC__) && defined (sparc)) || defined (__sparc__) #include #else /* not sparc */ #if defined (MSDOS) && !defined (__TURBOC__) #include #else /* not MSDOS, or __TURBOC__ */ #if defined(_AIX) #include #pragma alloca #endif /* not _AIX */ #endif /* not MSDOS, or __TURBOC__ */ #endif /* not sparc. */ #endif /* not GNU C. */ #endif /* alloca not defined. */ /* This is the parser code that is written into each bison parser when the %semantic_parser declaration is not specified in the grammar. It was written by Richard Stallman by simplifying the hairy parser used when %semantic_parser is specified. */ /* Note: there must be only one dollar sign in this file. It is replaced by the list of actions, each action as one case of the switch. */ #define yyerrok (yyerrstatus = 0) #define yyclearin (yychar = YYEMPTY) #define YYEMPTY -2 #define YYEOF 0 #define YYACCEPT return(0) #define YYABORT return(1) #define YYERROR goto yyerrlab1 /* Like YYERROR except do call yyerror. This remains here temporarily to ease the transition to the new meaning of YYERROR, for GCC. Once GCC version 2 has supplanted version 1, this can go. */ #define YYFAIL goto yyerrlab #define YYRECOVERING() (!!yyerrstatus) #define YYBACKUP(token, value) \ do \ if (yychar == YYEMPTY && yylen == 1) \ { yychar = (token), yylval = (value); \ yychar1 = YYTRANSLATE (yychar); \ YYPOPSTACK; \ goto yybackup; \ } \ else \ { yyerror ("syntax error: cannot back up"); YYERROR; } \ while (0) #define YYTERROR 1 #define YYERRCODE 256 #ifndef YYPURE #define YYLEX yylex() #endif #ifdef YYPURE #ifdef YYLSP_NEEDED #define YYLEX yylex(&yylval, &yylloc) #else #define YYLEX yylex(&yylval) #endif #endif /* If nonreentrant, generate the variables here */ #ifndef YYPURE int yychar; /* the lookahead symbol */ YYSTYPE yylval; /* the semantic value of the */ /* lookahead symbol */ #ifdef YYLSP_NEEDED YYLTYPE yylloc; /* location data for the lookahead */ /* symbol */ #endif int yynerrs; /* number of parse errors so far */ #endif /* not YYPURE */ #if YYDEBUG != 0 int yydebug; /* nonzero means print parse trace */ /* Since this is uninitialized, it does not stop multiple parsers from coexisting. */ #endif /* YYINITDEPTH indicates the initial size of the parser's stacks */ #ifndef YYINITDEPTH #define YYINITDEPTH 200 #endif /* YYMAXDEPTH is the maximum size the stacks can grow to (effective only if the built-in stack extension method is used). */ #if YYMAXDEPTH == 0 #undef YYMAXDEPTH #endif #ifndef YYMAXDEPTH #define YYMAXDEPTH 10000 #endif #if __GNUC__ > 1 /* GNU C and GNU C++ define this. */ #define __yy_bcopy(FROM,TO,COUNT) __builtin_memcpy(TO,FROM,COUNT) #else /* not GNU C or C++ */ #ifndef __cplusplus /* This is the most reliable way to avoid incompatibilities in available built-in functions on various systems. */ static void __yy_bcopy (from, to, count) char *from; char *to; int count; { register char *f = from; register char *t = to; register int i = count; while (i-- > 0) *t++ = *f++; } #else /* __cplusplus */ /* This is the most reliable way to avoid incompatibilities in available built-in functions on various systems. */ static void __yy_bcopy (char *from, char *to, int count) { register char *f = from; register char *t = to; register int i = count; while (i-- > 0) *t++ = *f++; } #endif #endif #line 169 "/usr/local/lib/bison.simple" int yyparse() { register int yystate; register int yyn; register short *yyssp; register YYSTYPE *yyvsp; int yyerrstatus; /* number of tokens to shift before error messages enabled */ int yychar1; /* lookahead token as an internal (translated) token number */ short yyssa[YYINITDEPTH]; /* the state stack */ YYSTYPE yyvsa[YYINITDEPTH]; /* the semantic value stack */ short *yyss = yyssa; /* refer to the stacks thru separate pointers */ YYSTYPE *yyvs = yyvsa; /* to allow yyoverflow to reallocate them elsewhere */ #ifdef YYLSP_NEEDED YYLTYPE yylsa[YYINITDEPTH]; /* the location stack */ YYLTYPE *yyls = yylsa; YYLTYPE *yylsp; #define YYPOPSTACK (yyvsp--, yyssp--, yylsp--) #else #define YYPOPSTACK (yyvsp--, yyssp--) #endif int yystacksize = YYINITDEPTH; #ifdef YYPURE int yychar; YYSTYPE yylval; int yynerrs; #ifdef YYLSP_NEEDED YYLTYPE yylloc; #endif #endif YYSTYPE yyval; /* the variable used to return */ /* semantic values from the action */ /* routines */ int yylen; #if YYDEBUG != 0 if (yydebug) fprintf(stderr, "Starting parse\n"); #endif yystate = 0; yyerrstatus = 0; yynerrs = 0; yychar = YYEMPTY; /* Cause a token to be read. */ /* Initialize stack pointers. Waste one element of value and location stack so that they stay on the same level as the state stack. */ yyssp = yyss - 1; yyvsp = yyvs; #ifdef YYLSP_NEEDED yylsp = yyls; #endif /* Push a new state, which is found in yystate . */ /* In all cases, when you get here, the value and location stacks have just been pushed. so pushing a state here evens the stacks. */ yynewstate: *++yyssp = yystate; if (yyssp >= yyss + yystacksize - 1) { /* Give user a chance to reallocate the stack */ /* Use copies of these so that the &'s don't force the real ones into memory. */ YYSTYPE *yyvs1 = yyvs; short *yyss1 = yyss; #ifdef YYLSP_NEEDED YYLTYPE *yyls1 = yyls; #endif /* Get the current used size of the three stacks, in elements. */ int size = yyssp - yyss + 1; #ifdef yyoverflow /* Each stack pointer address is followed by the size of the data in use in that stack, in bytes. */ yyoverflow("parser stack overflow", &yyss1, size * sizeof (*yyssp), &yyvs1, size * sizeof (*yyvsp), #ifdef YYLSP_NEEDED &yyls1, size * sizeof (*yylsp), #endif &yystacksize); yyss = yyss1; yyvs = yyvs1; #ifdef YYLSP_NEEDED yyls = yyls1; #endif #else /* no yyoverflow */ /* Extend the stack our own way. */ if (yystacksize >= YYMAXDEPTH) { yyerror("parser stack overflow"); return 2; } yystacksize *= 2; if (yystacksize > YYMAXDEPTH) yystacksize = YYMAXDEPTH; yyss = (short *) alloca (yystacksize * sizeof (*yyssp)); __yy_bcopy ((char *)yyss1, (char *)yyss, size * sizeof (*yyssp)); yyvs = (YYSTYPE *) alloca (yystacksize * sizeof (*yyvsp)); __yy_bcopy ((char *)yyvs1, (char *)yyvs, size * sizeof (*yyvsp)); #ifdef YYLSP_NEEDED yyls = (YYLTYPE *) alloca (yystacksize * sizeof (*yylsp)); __yy_bcopy ((char *)yyls1, (char *)yyls, size * sizeof (*yylsp)); #endif #endif /* no yyoverflow */ yyssp = yyss + size - 1; yyvsp = yyvs + size - 1; #ifdef YYLSP_NEEDED yylsp = yyls + size - 1; #endif #if YYDEBUG != 0 if (yydebug) fprintf(stderr, "Stack size increased to %d\n", yystacksize); #endif if (yyssp >= yyss + yystacksize - 1) YYABORT; } #if YYDEBUG != 0 if (yydebug) fprintf(stderr, "Entering state %d\n", yystate); #endif yybackup: /* Do appropriate processing given the current state. */ /* Read a lookahead token if we need one and don't already have one. */ /* yyresume: */ /* First try to decide what to do without reference to lookahead token. */ yyn = yypact[yystate]; if (yyn == YYFLAG) goto yydefault; /* Not known => get a lookahead token if don't already have one. */ /* yychar is either YYEMPTY or YYEOF or a valid token in external form. */ if (yychar == YYEMPTY) { #if YYDEBUG != 0 if (yydebug) fprintf(stderr, "Reading a token: "); #endif yychar = YYLEX; } /* Convert token to internal form (in yychar1) for indexing tables with */ if (yychar <= 0) /* This means end of input. */ { yychar1 = 0; yychar = YYEOF; /* Don't call YYLEX any more */ #if YYDEBUG != 0 if (yydebug) fprintf(stderr, "Now at end of input.\n"); #endif } else { yychar1 = YYTRANSLATE(yychar); #if YYDEBUG != 0 if (yydebug) { fprintf (stderr, "Next token is %d (%s", yychar, yytname[yychar1]); /* Give the individual parser a way to print the precise meaning of a token, for further debugging info. */ #ifdef YYPRINT YYPRINT (stderr, yychar, yylval); #endif fprintf (stderr, ")\n"); } #endif } yyn += yychar1; if (yyn < 0 || yyn > YYLAST || yycheck[yyn] != yychar1) goto yydefault; yyn = yytable[yyn]; /* yyn is what to do for this token type in this state. Negative => reduce, -yyn is rule number. Positive => shift, yyn is new state. New state is final state => don't bother to shift, just return success. 0, or most negative number => error. */ if (yyn < 0) { if (yyn == YYFLAG) goto yyerrlab; yyn = -yyn; goto yyreduce; } else if (yyn == 0) goto yyerrlab; if (yyn == YYFINAL) YYACCEPT; /* Shift the lookahead token. */ #if YYDEBUG != 0 if (yydebug) fprintf(stderr, "Shifting token %d (%s), ", yychar, yytname[yychar1]); #endif /* Discard the token being shifted unless it is eof. */ if (yychar != YYEOF) yychar = YYEMPTY; *++yyvsp = yylval; #ifdef YYLSP_NEEDED *++yylsp = yylloc; #endif /* count tokens shifted since error; after three, turn off error status. */ if (yyerrstatus) yyerrstatus--; yystate = yyn; goto yynewstate; /* Do the default action for the current state. */ yydefault: yyn = yydefact[yystate]; if (yyn == 0) goto yyerrlab; /* Do a reduction. yyn is the number of a rule to reduce with. */ yyreduce: yylen = yyr2[yyn]; yyval = yyvsp[1-yylen]; /* implement default value of the action */ #if YYDEBUG != 0 if (yydebug) { int i; fprintf (stderr, "Reducing via rule %d (line %d), ", yyn, yyrline[yyn]); /* Print the symboles being reduced, and their result. */ for (i = yyprhs[yyn]; yyrhs[i] > 0; i++) fprintf (stderr, "%s ", yytname[yyrhs[i]]); fprintf (stderr, " -> %s\n", yytname[yyr1[yyn]]); } #endif switch (yyn) { case 1: #line 164 "./parse.y" { /* Case of regular command. Discard the error safety net,and return the command just parsed. */ global_command = yyvsp[-1].command; eof_encountered = 0; discard_parser_constructs (0); YYACCEPT; ; break;} case 2: #line 173 "./parse.y" { /* Case of regular command, but not a very interesting one. Return a NULL command. */ global_command = (COMMAND *)NULL; YYACCEPT; ; break;} case 3: #line 181 "./parse.y" { /* Error during parsing. Return NULL command. */ global_command = (COMMAND *)NULL; eof_encountered = 0; discard_parser_constructs (1); if (interactive) { YYACCEPT; } else { YYABORT; } ; break;} case 4: #line 196 "./parse.y" { /* Case of EOF seen by itself. Do ignoreeof or not. */ global_command = (COMMAND *)NULL; handle_eof_input_unit (); YYACCEPT; ; break;} case 5: #line 206 "./parse.y" { yyval.word_list = (WORD_LIST *)NULL; ; break;} case 6: #line 208 "./parse.y" { yyval.word_list = make_word_list (yyvsp[0].word, yyvsp[-1].word_list); ; break;} case 7: #line 212 "./parse.y" { redir.filename = yyvsp[0].word; yyval.redirect = make_redirection (1, r_output_direction, redir); ; break;} case 8: #line 217 "./parse.y" { redir.filename = yyvsp[0].word; yyval.redirect = make_redirection (0, r_input_direction, redir); ; break;} case 9: #line 222 "./parse.y" { redir.filename = yyvsp[0].word; yyval.redirect = make_redirection (yyvsp[-2].number, r_output_direction, redir); ; break;} case 10: #line 227 "./parse.y" { redir.filename = yyvsp[0].word; yyval.redirect = make_redirection (yyvsp[-2].number, r_input_direction, redir); ; break;} case 11: #line 232 "./parse.y" { redir.filename = yyvsp[0].word; yyval.redirect = make_redirection (1, r_appending_to, redir); ; break;} case 12: #line 237 "./parse.y" { redir.filename = yyvsp[0].word; yyval.redirect = make_redirection (yyvsp[-2].number, r_appending_to, redir); ; break;} case 13: #line 242 "./parse.y" { redir.filename = yyvsp[0].word; yyval.redirect = make_redirection (0, r_reading_until, redir); redir_stack[need_here_doc++] = yyval.redirect; ; break;} case 14: #line 248 "./parse.y" { redir.filename = yyvsp[0].word; yyval.redirect = make_redirection (yyvsp[-2].number, r_reading_until, redir); redir_stack[need_here_doc++] = yyval.redirect; ; break;} case 15: #line 254 "./parse.y" { redir.dest = yyvsp[0].number; yyval.redirect = make_redirection (0, r_duplicating_input, redir); ; break;} case 16: #line 259 "./parse.y" { redir.dest = yyvsp[0].number; yyval.redirect = make_redirection (yyvsp[-2].number, r_duplicating_input, redir); ; break;} case 17: #line 264 "./parse.y" { redir.dest = yyvsp[0].number; yyval.redirect = make_redirection (1, r_duplicating_output, redir); ; break;} case 18: #line 269 "./parse.y" { redir.dest = yyvsp[0].number; yyval.redirect = make_redirection (yyvsp[-2].number, r_duplicating_output, redir); ; break;} case 19: #line 274 "./parse.y" { redir.filename = yyvsp[0].word; yyval.redirect = make_redirection (0, r_duplicating_input_word, redir); ; break;} case 20: #line 279 "./parse.y" { redir.filename = yyvsp[0].word; yyval.redirect = make_redirection (yyvsp[-2].number, r_duplicating_input_word, redir); ; break;} case 21: #line 284 "./parse.y" { redir.filename = yyvsp[0].word; yyval.redirect = make_redirection (1, r_duplicating_output_word, redir); ; break;} case 22: #line 289 "./parse.y" { redir.filename = yyvsp[0].word; yyval.redirect = make_redirection (yyvsp[-2].number, r_duplicating_output_word, redir); ; break;} case 23: #line 294 "./parse.y" { redir.filename = yyvsp[0].word; yyval.redirect = make_redirection (0, r_deblank_reading_until, redir); redir_stack[need_here_doc++] = yyval.redirect; ; break;} case 24: #line 301 "./parse.y" { redir.filename = yyvsp[0].word; yyval.redirect = make_redirection (yyvsp[-2].number, r_deblank_reading_until, redir); redir_stack[need_here_doc++] = yyval.redirect; ; break;} case 25: #line 308 "./parse.y" { redir.dest = 0L; yyval.redirect = make_redirection (1, r_close_this, redir); ; break;} case 26: #line 313 "./parse.y" { redir.dest = 0L; yyval.redirect = make_redirection (yyvsp[-2].number, r_close_this, redir); ; break;} case 27: #line 318 "./parse.y" { redir.dest = 0L; yyval.redirect = make_redirection (0, r_close_this, redir); ; break;} case 28: #line 323 "./parse.y" { redir.dest = 0L; yyval.redirect = make_redirection (yyvsp[-2].number, r_close_this, redir); ; break;} case 29: #line 328 "./parse.y" { redir.filename = yyvsp[0].word; yyval.redirect = make_redirection (1, r_err_and_out, redir); ; break;} case 30: #line 333 "./parse.y" { redir.filename = yyvsp[0].word; yyval.redirect = make_redirection (yyvsp[-2].number, r_input_output, redir); ; break;} case 31: #line 338 "./parse.y" { REDIRECT *t1, *t2; redir.filename = yyvsp[0].word; if (posixly_correct) yyval.redirect = make_redirection (0, r_input_output, redir); else { t1 = make_redirection (0, r_input_direction, redir); redir.filename = copy_word (yyvsp[0].word); t2 = make_redirection (1, r_output_direction, redir); t1->next = t2; yyval.redirect = t1; } ; break;} case 32: #line 354 "./parse.y" { redir.filename = yyvsp[0].word; yyval.redirect = make_redirection (1, r_output_force, redir); ; break;} case 33: #line 359 "./parse.y" { redir.filename = yyvsp[0].word; yyval.redirect = make_redirection (yyvsp[-2].number, r_output_force, redir); ; break;} case 34: #line 366 "./parse.y" { yyval.element.word = yyvsp[0].word; yyval.element.redirect = 0; ; break;} case 35: #line 368 "./parse.y" { yyval.element.word = yyvsp[0].word; yyval.element.redirect = 0; ; break;} case 36: #line 370 "./parse.y" { yyval.element.redirect = yyvsp[0].redirect; yyval.element.word = 0; ; break;} case 37: #line 374 "./parse.y" { yyval.redirect = yyvsp[0].redirect; ; break;} case 38: #line 378 "./parse.y" { register REDIRECT *t = yyvsp[-1].redirect; while (t->next) t = t->next; t->next = yyvsp[0].redirect; yyval.redirect = yyvsp[-1].redirect; ; break;} case 39: #line 389 "./parse.y" { yyval.command = make_simple_command (yyvsp[0].element, (COMMAND *)NULL); ; break;} case 40: #line 391 "./parse.y" { yyval.command = make_simple_command (yyvsp[0].element, yyvsp[-1].command); ; break;} case 41: #line 395 "./parse.y" { yyval.command = clean_simple_command (yyvsp[0].command); ; break;} case 42: #line 397 "./parse.y" { yyval.command = yyvsp[0].command; ; break;} case 43: #line 401 "./parse.y" { yyval.command = yyvsp[0].command; ; break;} case 44: #line 403 "./parse.y" { if (yyvsp[-1].command->redirects) { register REDIRECT *t; for (t = yyvsp[-1].command->redirects; t->next; t = t->next) ; t->next = yyvsp[0].redirect; } else yyvsp[-1].command->redirects = yyvsp[0].redirect; yyval.command = yyvsp[-1].command; ; break;} case 45: #line 418 "./parse.y" { yyval.command = make_for_command (yyvsp[-4].word, add_string_to_list ("\"$@\"", (WORD_LIST *)NULL), yyvsp[-1].command); ; break;} case 46: #line 420 "./parse.y" { yyval.command = make_for_command (yyvsp[-4].word, add_string_to_list ("$@", (WORD_LIST *)NULL), yyvsp[-1].command); ; break;} case 47: #line 422 "./parse.y" { yyval.command = make_for_command (yyvsp[-5].word, add_string_to_list ("\"$@\"", (WORD_LIST *)NULL), yyvsp[-1].command); ; break;} case 48: #line 424 "./parse.y" { yyval.command = make_for_command (yyvsp[-5].word, add_string_to_list ("\"$@\"", (WORD_LIST *)NULL), yyvsp[-1].command); ; break;} case 49: #line 426 "./parse.y" { yyval.command = make_for_command (yyvsp[-8].word, REVERSE_LIST (yyvsp[-5].word_list, WORD_LIST *), yyvsp[-1].command); ; break;} case 50: #line 428 "./parse.y" { yyval.command = make_for_command (yyvsp[-8].word, REVERSE_LIST (yyvsp[-5].word_list, WORD_LIST *), yyvsp[-1].command); ; break;} case 51: #line 431 "./parse.y" { yyval.command = make_case_command (yyvsp[-4].word, (PATTERN_LIST *)NULL); ; break;} case 52: #line 433 "./parse.y" { yyval.command = make_case_command (yyvsp[-5].word, yyvsp[-2].pattern); ; break;} case 53: #line 435 "./parse.y" { yyval.command = make_case_command (yyvsp[-4].word, yyvsp[-1].pattern); ; break;} case 54: #line 437 "./parse.y" { yyval.command = make_while_command (yyvsp[-3].command, yyvsp[-1].command); ; break;} case 55: #line 439 "./parse.y" { yyval.command = make_until_command (yyvsp[-3].command, yyvsp[-1].command); ; break;} case 56: #line 441 "./parse.y" { yyval.command = yyvsp[0].command; ; break;} case 57: #line 443 "./parse.y" { yyval.command = yyvsp[0].command; ; break;} case 58: #line 445 "./parse.y" { yyval.command = yyvsp[0].command; ; break;} case 59: #line 447 "./parse.y" { yyval.command = yyvsp[0].command; ; break;} case 60: #line 449 "./parse.y" { yyval.command = yyvsp[0].command; ; break;} case 61: #line 453 "./parse.y" { #if defined (SELECT_COMMAND) yyval.command = make_select_command (yyvsp[-4].word, add_string_to_list ("\"$@\"", (WORD_LIST *)NULL), yyvsp[-1].command); #endif ; break;} case 62: #line 459 "./parse.y" { #if defined (SELECT_COMMAND) yyval.command = make_select_command (yyvsp[-4].word, add_string_to_list ("$@", (WORD_LIST *)NULL), yyvsp[-1].command); #endif ; break;} case 63: #line 465 "./parse.y" { #if defined (SELECT_COMMAND) yyval.command = make_select_command (yyvsp[-5].word, add_string_to_list ("\"$@\"", (WORD_LIST *)NULL), yyvsp[-1].command); #endif ; break;} case 64: #line 471 "./parse.y" { #if defined (SELECT_COMMAND) yyval.command = make_select_command (yyvsp[-5].word, add_string_to_list ("\"$@\"", (WORD_LIST *)NULL), yyvsp[-1].command); #endif ; break;} case 65: #line 477 "./parse.y" { #if defined (SELECT_COMMAND) yyval.command = make_select_command (yyvsp[-8].word, (WORD_LIST *)reverse_list (yyvsp[-5].word_list), yyvsp[-1].command); #endif ; break;} case 66: #line 483 "./parse.y" { #if defined (SELECT_COMMAND) yyval.command = make_select_command (yyvsp[-8].word, (WORD_LIST *)reverse_list (yyvsp[-5].word_list), yyvsp[-1].command); #endif ; break;} case 67: #line 491 "./parse.y" { yyval.command = make_function_def (yyvsp[-4].word, yyvsp[0].command); ; break;} case 68: #line 494 "./parse.y" { yyvsp[-1].command->redirects = yyvsp[0].redirect; yyval.command = make_function_def (yyvsp[-5].word, yyvsp[-1].command); ; break;} case 69: #line 497 "./parse.y" { yyval.command = make_function_def (yyvsp[-4].word, yyvsp[0].command); ; break;} case 70: #line 500 "./parse.y" { yyvsp[-1].command->redirects = yyvsp[0].redirect; yyval.command = make_function_def (yyvsp[-5].word, yyvsp[-1].command); ; break;} case 71: #line 503 "./parse.y" { yyval.command = make_function_def (yyvsp[-2].word, yyvsp[0].command); ; break;} case 72: #line 506 "./parse.y" { yyvsp[-1].command->redirects = yyvsp[0].redirect; yyval.command = make_function_def (yyvsp[-3].word, yyvsp[-1].command); ; break;} case 73: #line 510 "./parse.y" { yyvsp[-1].command->flags |= CMD_WANT_SUBSHELL; yyval.command = yyvsp[-1].command; ; break;} case 74: #line 514 "./parse.y" { yyval.command = make_if_command (yyvsp[-3].command, yyvsp[-1].command, (COMMAND *)NULL); ; break;} case 75: #line 516 "./parse.y" { yyval.command = make_if_command (yyvsp[-5].command, yyvsp[-3].command, yyvsp[-1].command); ; break;} case 76: #line 518 "./parse.y" { yyval.command = make_if_command (yyvsp[-4].command, yyvsp[-2].command, yyvsp[-1].command); ; break;} case 77: #line 523 "./parse.y" { yyval.command = make_group_command (yyvsp[-1].command); ; break;} case 78: #line 527 "./parse.y" { yyval.command = make_if_command (yyvsp[-2].command, yyvsp[0].command, (COMMAND *)NULL); ; break;} case 79: #line 529 "./parse.y" { yyval.command = make_if_command (yyvsp[-4].command, yyvsp[-2].command, yyvsp[0].command); ; break;} case 80: #line 531 "./parse.y" { yyval.command = make_if_command (yyvsp[-3].command, yyvsp[-1].command, yyvsp[0].command); ; break;} case 82: #line 536 "./parse.y" { yyvsp[0].pattern->next = yyvsp[-1].pattern; yyval.pattern = yyvsp[0].pattern; ; break;} case 83: #line 540 "./parse.y" { yyval.pattern = make_pattern_list (yyvsp[-2].word_list, yyvsp[0].command); ; break;} case 84: #line 542 "./parse.y" { yyval.pattern = make_pattern_list (yyvsp[-2].word_list, (COMMAND *)NULL); ; break;} case 85: #line 544 "./parse.y" { yyval.pattern = make_pattern_list (yyvsp[-2].word_list, yyvsp[0].command); ; break;} case 86: #line 546 "./parse.y" { yyval.pattern = make_pattern_list (yyvsp[-2].word_list, (COMMAND *)NULL); ; break;} case 88: #line 551 "./parse.y" { yyvsp[0].pattern->next = yyvsp[-1].pattern; yyval.pattern = yyvsp[0].pattern; ; break;} case 89: #line 555 "./parse.y" { yyval.pattern = make_pattern_list (yyvsp[-3].word_list, yyvsp[-1].command); ; break;} case 90: #line 557 "./parse.y" { yyval.pattern = make_pattern_list (yyvsp[-3].word_list, (COMMAND *)NULL); ; break;} case 91: #line 559 "./parse.y" { yyval.pattern = make_pattern_list (yyvsp[-3].word_list, yyvsp[-1].command); ; break;} case 92: #line 561 "./parse.y" { yyval.pattern = make_pattern_list (yyvsp[-3].word_list, (COMMAND *)NULL); ; break;} case 93: #line 565 "./parse.y" { yyval.word_list = make_word_list (yyvsp[0].word, (WORD_LIST *)NULL); ; break;} case 94: #line 567 "./parse.y" { yyval.word_list = make_word_list (yyvsp[0].word, yyvsp[-2].word_list); ; break;} case 95: #line 576 "./parse.y" { yyval.command = yyvsp[0].command; if (need_here_doc) gather_here_documents (); ; break;} case 98: #line 586 "./parse.y" { if (yyvsp[-2].command->type == cm_connection) yyval.command = connect_async_list (yyvsp[-2].command, (COMMAND *)NULL, '&'); else yyval.command = command_connect (yyvsp[-2].command, (COMMAND *)NULL, '&'); ; break;} case 100: #line 597 "./parse.y" { yyval.command = command_connect (yyvsp[-3].command, yyvsp[0].command, AND_AND); ; break;} case 101: #line 599 "./parse.y" { yyval.command = command_connect (yyvsp[-3].command, yyvsp[0].command, OR_OR); ; break;} case 102: #line 601 "./parse.y" { if (yyvsp[-3].command->type == cm_connection) yyval.command = connect_async_list (yyvsp[-3].command, yyvsp[0].command, '&'); else yyval.command = command_connect (yyvsp[-3].command, yyvsp[0].command, '&'); ; break;} case 103: #line 608 "./parse.y" { yyval.command = command_connect (yyvsp[-3].command, yyvsp[0].command, ';'); ; break;} case 104: #line 610 "./parse.y" { yyval.command = command_connect (yyvsp[-3].command, yyvsp[0].command, ';'); ; break;} case 105: #line 612 "./parse.y" { yyval.command = yyvsp[0].command; ; break;} case 106: #line 614 "./parse.y" { yyvsp[0].command->flags |= CMD_INVERT_RETURN; yyval.command = yyvsp[0].command; ; break;} case 112: #line 636 "./parse.y" { yyval.command = yyvsp[0].command; if (need_here_doc) gather_here_documents (); ; break;} case 113: #line 642 "./parse.y" { if (yyvsp[-1].command->type == cm_connection) yyval.command = connect_async_list (yyvsp[-1].command, (COMMAND *)NULL, '&'); else yyval.command = command_connect (yyvsp[-1].command, (COMMAND *)NULL, '&'); if (need_here_doc) gather_here_documents (); ; break;} case 114: #line 651 "./parse.y" { yyval.command = yyvsp[-1].command; if (need_here_doc) gather_here_documents (); ; break;} case 115: #line 659 "./parse.y" { yyval.command = command_connect (yyvsp[-3].command, yyvsp[0].command, AND_AND); ; break;} case 116: #line 661 "./parse.y" { yyval.command = command_connect (yyvsp[-3].command, yyvsp[0].command, OR_OR); ; break;} case 117: #line 663 "./parse.y" { if (yyvsp[-2].command->type == cm_connection) yyval.command = connect_async_list (yyvsp[-2].command, yyvsp[0].command, '&'); else yyval.command = command_connect (yyvsp[-2].command, yyvsp[0].command, '&'); ; break;} case 118: #line 670 "./parse.y" { yyval.command = command_connect (yyvsp[-2].command, yyvsp[0].command, ';'); ; break;} case 119: #line 672 "./parse.y" { yyval.command = yyvsp[0].command; ; break;} case 120: #line 674 "./parse.y" { yyvsp[0].command->flags |= CMD_INVERT_RETURN; yyval.command = yyvsp[0].command; ; break;} case 121: #line 682 "./parse.y" { yyval.command = command_connect (yyvsp[-3].command, yyvsp[0].command, '|'); ; break;} case 122: #line 684 "./parse.y" { yyval.command = yyvsp[0].command; ; break;} } /* the action file gets copied in in place of this dollarsign */ #line 440 "/usr/local/lib/bison.simple" yyvsp -= yylen; yyssp -= yylen; #ifdef YYLSP_NEEDED yylsp -= yylen; #endif #if YYDEBUG != 0 if (yydebug) { short *ssp1 = yyss - 1; fprintf (stderr, "state stack now"); while (ssp1 != yyssp) fprintf (stderr, " %d", *++ssp1); fprintf (stderr, "\n"); } #endif *++yyvsp = yyval; #ifdef YYLSP_NEEDED yylsp++; if (yylen == 0) { yylsp->first_line = yylloc.first_line; yylsp->first_column = yylloc.first_column; yylsp->last_line = (yylsp-1)->last_line; yylsp->last_column = (yylsp-1)->last_column; yylsp->text = 0; } else { yylsp->last_line = (yylsp+yylen-1)->last_line; yylsp->last_column = (yylsp+yylen-1)->last_column; } #endif /* Now "shift" the result of the reduction. Determine what state that goes to, based on the state we popped back to and the rule number reduced by. */ yyn = yyr1[yyn]; yystate = yypgoto[yyn - YYNTBASE] + *yyssp; if (yystate >= 0 && yystate <= YYLAST && yycheck[yystate] == *yyssp) yystate = yytable[yystate]; else yystate = yydefgoto[yyn - YYNTBASE]; goto yynewstate; yyerrlab: /* here on detecting error */ if (! yyerrstatus) /* If not already recovering from an error, report this error. */ { ++yynerrs; #ifdef YYERROR_VERBOSE yyn = yypact[yystate]; if (yyn > YYFLAG && yyn < YYLAST) { int size = 0; char *msg; int x, count; count = 0; for (x = 0; x < (sizeof(yytname) / sizeof(char *)); x++) if (yycheck[x + yyn] == x) size += strlen(yytname[x]) + 15, count++; msg = (char *) malloc(size + 15); if (msg != 0) { strcpy(msg, "parse error"); if (count < 5) { count = 0; for (x = 0; x < (sizeof(yytname) / sizeof(char *)); x++) if (yycheck[x + yyn] == x) { strcat(msg, count == 0 ? ", expecting `" : " or `"); strcat(msg, yytname[x]); strcat(msg, "'"); count++; } } yyerror(msg); free(msg); } else yyerror ("parse error; also virtual memory exceeded"); } else #endif /* YYERROR_VERBOSE */ yyerror("parse error"); } yyerrlab1: /* here on error raised explicitly by an action */ if (yyerrstatus == 3) { /* if just tried and failed to reuse lookahead token after an error, discard it. */ /* return failure if at end of input */ if (yychar == YYEOF) YYABORT; #if YYDEBUG != 0 if (yydebug) fprintf(stderr, "Discarding token %d (%s).\n", yychar, yytname[yychar1]); #endif yychar = YYEMPTY; } /* Else will try to reuse lookahead token after shifting the error token. */ yyerrstatus = 3; /* Each real token shifted decrements this */ goto yyerrhandle; yyerrdefault: /* current state does not do anything special for the error token. */ #if 0 /* This is wrong; only states that explicitly want error tokens should shift them. */ yyn = yydefact[yystate]; /* If its default is to accept any token, ok. Otherwise pop it.*/ if (yyn) goto yydefault; #endif yyerrpop: /* pop the current state because it cannot handle the error token */ if (yyssp == yyss) YYABORT; yyvsp--; yystate = *--yyssp; #ifdef YYLSP_NEEDED yylsp--; #endif #if YYDEBUG != 0 if (yydebug) { short *ssp1 = yyss - 1; fprintf (stderr, "Error: state stack now"); while (ssp1 != yyssp) fprintf (stderr, " %d", *++ssp1); fprintf (stderr, "\n"); } #endif yyerrhandle: yyn = yypact[yystate]; if (yyn == YYFLAG) goto yyerrdefault; yyn += YYTERROR; if (yyn < 0 || yyn > YYLAST || yycheck[yyn] != YYTERROR) goto yyerrdefault; yyn = yytable[yyn]; if (yyn < 0) { if (yyn == YYFLAG) goto yyerrpop; yyn = -yyn; goto yyreduce; } else if (yyn == 0) goto yyerrpop; if (yyn == YYFINAL) YYACCEPT; #if YYDEBUG != 0 if (yydebug) fprintf(stderr, "Shifting error token, "); #endif *++yyvsp = yylval; #ifdef YYLSP_NEEDED *++yylsp = yylloc; #endif yystate = yyn; goto yynewstate; } #line 686 "./parse.y" /* Initial size to allocate for tokens, and the amount to grow them by. */ #define TOKEN_DEFAULT_GROW_SIZE 512 /* The token currently being read. */ static int current_token = 0; /* The last read token, or NULL. read_token () uses this for context checking. */ static int last_read_token = 0; /* The token read prior to last_read_token. */ static int token_before_that = 0; /* If non-zero, it is the token that we want read_token to return regardless of what text is (or isn't) present to be read. This is reset by read_token. */ static int token_to_read = 0; /* Global var is non-zero when end of file has been reached. */ int EOF_Reached = 0; /* yy_getc () returns the next available character from input or EOF. yy_ungetc (c) makes `c' the next character to read. init_yy_io (get, unget, type, location) makes the function GET the installed function for getting the next character, makes UNGET the installed function for un-getting a character, sets the type of stream (either string or file) from TYPE, and makes LOCATION point to where the input is coming from. */ /* Unconditionally returns end-of-file. */ return_EOF () { return (EOF); } /* Variable containing the current get and unget functions. See ./input.h for a clearer description. */ BASH_INPUT bash_input; /* Set all of the fields in BASH_INPUT to NULL. */ void initialize_bash_input () { bash_input.type = 0; bash_input.name = (char *)NULL; bash_input.location.file = (FILE *)NULL; bash_input.location.string = (char *)NULL; bash_input.getter = (Function *)NULL; bash_input.ungetter = (Function *)NULL; } /* Set the contents of the current bash input stream from GET, UNGET, TYPE, NAME, and LOCATION. */ void init_yy_io (get, unget, type, name, location) Function *get, *unget; int type; char *name; INPUT_STREAM location; { bash_input.type = type; FREE (bash_input.name); if (name) bash_input.name = savestring (name); else bash_input.name = (char *)NULL; #if defined (CRAY) memcpy((char *)&bash_input.location.string, (char *)&location.string, sizeof(location)); #else bash_input.location = location; #endif bash_input.getter = get; bash_input.ungetter = unget; } /* Call this to get the next character of input. */ yy_getc () { return (*(bash_input.getter)) (); } /* Call this to unget C. That is, to make C the next character to be read. */ yy_ungetc (c) int c; { return (*(bash_input.ungetter)) (c); } #if defined (BUFFERED_INPUT) int input_file_descriptor () { switch (bash_input.type) { case st_stream: return (fileno (bash_input.location.file)); case st_bstream: return (bash_input.location.buffered_fd); default: return (fileno (stdin)); } } #endif /* BUFFERED_INPUT */ /* **************************************************************** */ /* */ /* Let input be read from readline (). */ /* */ /* **************************************************************** */ #if defined (READLINE) char *current_readline_prompt = (char *)NULL; char *current_readline_line = (char *)NULL; int current_readline_line_index = 0; static int yy_readline_get () { if (!current_readline_line) { SigHandler *old_sigint; int line_len; if (!bash_readline_initialized) initialize_readline (); #if defined (JOB_CONTROL) if (job_control) give_terminal_to (shell_pgrp); #endif /* JOB_CONTROL */ if (signal_is_ignored (SIGINT) == 0) { old_sigint = (SigHandler *)set_signal_handler (SIGINT, sigint_sighandler); interrupt_immediately++; } if (!current_readline_prompt) current_readline_line = readline (""); else current_readline_line = readline (current_readline_prompt); if (signal_is_ignored (SIGINT) == 0) { interrupt_immediately--; set_signal_handler (SIGINT, old_sigint); } /* Reset the prompt to whatever is in the decoded value of prompt_string_pointer. */ reset_readline_prompt (); current_readline_line_index = 0; if (!current_readline_line) return (EOF); line_len = strlen (current_readline_line); current_readline_line = xrealloc (current_readline_line, 2 + line_len); current_readline_line[line_len++] = '\n'; current_readline_line[line_len] = '\0'; } if (!current_readline_line[current_readline_line_index]) { free (current_readline_line); current_readline_line = (char *)NULL; return (yy_readline_get ()); } else { int c = current_readline_line[current_readline_line_index++]; return (c); } } static int yy_readline_unget (c) { if (current_readline_line_index && current_readline_line) current_readline_line[--current_readline_line_index] = c; return (c); } void with_input_from_stdin () { INPUT_STREAM location; if (bash_input.type != st_stdin && stream_on_stack (st_stdin) == 0) { location.string = current_readline_line; init_yy_io (yy_readline_get, yy_readline_unget, st_stdin, "readline stdin", location); } } #else /* !READLINE */ void with_input_from_stdin () { with_input_from_stream (stdin, "stdin"); } #endif /* !READLINE */ /* **************************************************************** */ /* */ /* Let input come from STRING. STRING is zero terminated. */ /* */ /* **************************************************************** */ static int yy_string_get () { register char *string; register int c; string = bash_input.location.string; c = EOF; /* If the string doesn't exist, or is empty, EOF found. */ if (string && *string) { c = *string++; bash_input.location.string = string; } return (c); } static int yy_string_unget (c) int c; { *(--bash_input.location.string) = c; return (c); } void with_input_from_string (string, name) char *string; char *name; { INPUT_STREAM location; location.string = string; init_yy_io (yy_string_get, yy_string_unget, st_string, name, location); } /* **************************************************************** */ /* */ /* Let input come from STREAM. */ /* */ /* **************************************************************** */ static int yy_stream_get () { int result = EOF; if (bash_input.location.file) #if defined (NO_READ_RESTART_ON_SIGNAL) result = getc_with_restart (bash_input.location.file); #else result = getc (bash_input.location.file); #endif /* !NO_READ_RESTART_ON_SIGNAL */ return (result); } static int yy_stream_unget (c) int c; { return (ungetc (c, bash_input.location.file)); } void with_input_from_stream (stream, name) FILE *stream; char *name; { INPUT_STREAM location; location.file = stream; init_yy_io (yy_stream_get, yy_stream_unget, st_stream, name, location); } typedef struct stream_saver { struct stream_saver *next; BASH_INPUT bash_input; int line; #if defined (BUFFERED_INPUT) BUFFERED_STREAM *bstream; #endif /* BUFFERED_INPUT */ } STREAM_SAVER; /* The globally known line number. */ int line_number = 0; STREAM_SAVER *stream_list = (STREAM_SAVER *)NULL; push_stream () { STREAM_SAVER *saver = (STREAM_SAVER *)xmalloc (sizeof (STREAM_SAVER)); xbcopy ((char *)&bash_input, (char *)&(saver->bash_input), sizeof (BASH_INPUT)); #if defined (BUFFERED_INPUT) saver->bstream = (BUFFERED_STREAM *)NULL; /* If we have a buffered stream, clear out buffers[fd]. */ if (bash_input.type == st_bstream && bash_input.location.buffered_fd >= 0) { saver->bstream = buffers[bash_input.location.buffered_fd]; buffers[bash_input.location.buffered_fd] = (BUFFERED_STREAM *)NULL; } #endif /* BUFFERED_INPUT */ saver->line = line_number; bash_input.name = (char *)NULL; saver->next = stream_list; stream_list = saver; EOF_Reached = line_number = 0; } pop_stream () { int temp; if (!stream_list) EOF_Reached = 1; else { STREAM_SAVER *saver = stream_list; EOF_Reached = 0; stream_list = stream_list->next; init_yy_io (saver->bash_input.getter, saver->bash_input.ungetter, saver->bash_input.type, saver->bash_input.name, saver->bash_input.location); #if defined (BUFFERED_INPUT) /* If we have a buffered stream, restore buffers[fd]. */ /* If the input file descriptor was changed while this was on the save stack, update the buffered fd to the new file descriptor and re-establish the buffer <-> bash_input fd correspondence. */ if (bash_input.type == st_bstream && bash_input.location.buffered_fd >= 0) { if (bash_input_fd_changed) { bash_input_fd_changed = 0; if (default_buffered_input >= 0) { bash_input.location.buffered_fd = default_buffered_input; saver->bstream->b_fd = default_buffered_input; } } buffers[bash_input.location.buffered_fd] = saver->bstream; } #endif /* BUFFERED_INPUT */ line_number = saver->line; FREE (saver->bash_input.name); free (saver); } } /* Return 1 if a stream of type TYPE is saved on the stack. */ int stream_on_stack (type) int type; { register STREAM_SAVER *s; for (s = stream_list; s; s = s->next) if (s->bash_input.type == type) return 1; return 0; } /* * This is used to inhibit alias expansion and reserved word recognition * inside case statement pattern lists. A `case statement pattern list' * is: * everything between the `in' in a `case word in' and the next ')' * or `esac' * everything between a `;;' and the next `)' or `esac' */ static int in_case_pattern_list = 0; #if defined (ALIAS) /* * Pseudo-global variables used in implementing token-wise alias expansion. */ static int expand_next_token = 0; /* * Pushing and popping strings. This works together with shell_getc to * implement alias expansion on a per-token basis. */ typedef struct string_saver { struct string_saver *next; int expand_alias; /* Value to set expand_alias to when string is popped. */ char *saved_line; int saved_line_size, saved_line_index, saved_line_terminator; } STRING_SAVER; STRING_SAVER *pushed_string_list = (STRING_SAVER *)NULL; static void save_expansion (); /* * Push the current shell_input_line onto a stack of such lines and make S * the current input. Used when expanding aliases. EXPAND is used to set * the value of expand_next_token when the string is popped, so that the * word after the alias in the original line is handled correctly when the * alias expands to multiple words. TOKEN is the token that was expanded * into S; it is saved and used to prevent infinite recursive expansion. */ static void push_string (s, expand, token) char *s; int expand; char *token; { STRING_SAVER *temp = (STRING_SAVER *) xmalloc (sizeof (STRING_SAVER)); temp->expand_alias = expand; temp->saved_line = shell_input_line; temp->saved_line_size = shell_input_line_size; temp->saved_line_index = shell_input_line_index; temp->saved_line_terminator = shell_input_line_terminator; temp->next = pushed_string_list; pushed_string_list = temp; save_expansion (token); shell_input_line = s; shell_input_line_size = strlen (s); shell_input_line_index = 0; shell_input_line_terminator = '\0'; expand_next_token = 0; } /* * Make the top of the pushed_string stack be the current shell input. * Only called when there is something on the stack. Called from shell_getc * when it thinks it has consumed the string generated by an alias expansion * and needs to return to the original input line. */ static void pop_string () { STRING_SAVER *t; FREE (shell_input_line); shell_input_line = pushed_string_list->saved_line; shell_input_line_index = pushed_string_list->saved_line_index; shell_input_line_size = pushed_string_list->saved_line_size; shell_input_line_terminator = pushed_string_list->saved_line_terminator; expand_next_token = pushed_string_list->expand_alias; t = pushed_string_list; pushed_string_list = pushed_string_list->next; free((char *)t); } static void free_string_list () { register STRING_SAVER *t = pushed_string_list, *t1; while (t) { t1 = t->next; FREE (t->saved_line); free ((char *)t); t = t1; } pushed_string_list = (STRING_SAVER *)NULL; } /* This is a stack to save the values of all tokens for which alias expansion has been performed during the current call to read_token (). It is used to prevent alias expansion loops: alias foo=bar alias bar=baz alias baz=foo Ideally this would be taken care of by push and pop string, but because of when strings are popped the stack will not contain the correct strings to test against. (The popping is done in shell_getc, so that when the current string is exhausted, shell_getc can simply pop that string off the stack, restore the previous string, and continue with the character following the token whose expansion was originally pushed on the stack.) What we really want is a record of all tokens that have been expanded for aliases during the `current' call to read_token(). This does that, at the cost of being somewhat special-purpose (OK, OK vile and unclean). */ typedef struct _exp_saver { struct _exp_saver *next; char *saved_token; } EXPANSION_SAVER; EXPANSION_SAVER *expanded_token_stack = (EXPANSION_SAVER *)NULL; static void save_expansion (s) char *s; { EXPANSION_SAVER *t; t = (EXPANSION_SAVER *) xmalloc (sizeof (EXPANSION_SAVER)); t->saved_token = savestring (s); t->next = expanded_token_stack; expanded_token_stack = t; } /* Return 1 if TOKEN has already been expanded in the current `stack' of expansions. If it has been expanded already, it will appear as the value of saved_token for some entry in the stack of expansions created for the current token being expanded. */ static int token_has_been_expanded (token) char *token; { register EXPANSION_SAVER *t = expanded_token_stack; while (t) { if (STREQ (token, t->saved_token)) return (1); t = t->next; } return (0); } static void free_expansion_stack () { register EXPANSION_SAVER *t = expanded_token_stack, *t1; while (t) { t1 = t->next; free (t->saved_token); free (t); t = t1; } expanded_token_stack = (EXPANSION_SAVER *)NULL; } #endif /* ALIAS */ /* Return a line of text, taken from wherever yylex () reads input. If there is no more input, then we return NULL. If REMOVE_QUOTED_NEWLINE is non-zero, we remove unquoted \ pairs. This is used by read_secondary_line to read here documents. */ static char * read_a_line (remove_quoted_newline) int remove_quoted_newline; { static char *line_buffer = (char *)NULL; static int buffer_size = 0; int indx = 0, c, peekc, pass_next; pass_next = 0; while (1) { c = yy_getc (); /* Allow immediate exit if interrupted during input. */ QUIT; if (c == 0) continue; /* If there is no more input, then we return NULL. */ if (c == EOF) { if (indx == 0) return ((char *)NULL); c = '\n'; } /* `+2' in case the final character in the buffer is a newline. */ if (indx + 2 > buffer_size) if (!buffer_size) line_buffer = xmalloc (buffer_size = 128); else line_buffer = xrealloc (line_buffer, buffer_size += 128); /* IF REMOVE_QUOTED_NEWLINES is non-zero, we are reading a here document with an unquoted delimiter. In this case, the line will be expanded as if it were in double quotes. We allow a backslash to escape the next character, but we need to treat the backslash specially only if a backslash quoting a backslash-newline pair appears in the line. */ if (pass_next) { line_buffer[indx++] = c; pass_next = 0; } else if (c == '\\' && remove_quoted_newline) { peekc = yy_getc (); if (peekc == '\n') continue; /* Make the unquoted \ pair disappear. */ else { yy_ungetc (peekc); pass_next = 1; line_buffer[indx++] = c; /* Preserve the backslash. */ } } else line_buffer[indx++] = c; if (c == '\n') { line_buffer[indx] = '\0'; return (line_buffer); } } } /* Return a line as in read_a_line (), but insure that the prompt is the secondary prompt. This is used to read the lines of a here document. REMOVE_QUOTED_NEWLINE is non-zero if we should remove newlines quoted with backslashes while reading the line. It is non-zero unless the delimiter of the here document was quoted. */ char * read_secondary_line (remove_quoted_newline) int remove_quoted_newline; { prompt_string_pointer = &ps2_prompt; prompt_again (); return (read_a_line (remove_quoted_newline)); } /* **************************************************************** */ /* */ /* YYLEX () */ /* */ /* **************************************************************** */ /* Reserved words. These are only recognized as the first word of a command. */ STRING_INT_ALIST word_token_alist[] = { { "if", IF }, { "then", THEN }, { "else", ELSE }, { "elif", ELIF }, { "fi", FI }, { "case", CASE }, { "esac", ESAC }, { "for", FOR }, #if defined (SELECT_COMMAND) { "select", SELECT }, #endif { "while", WHILE }, { "until", UNTIL }, { "do", DO }, { "done", DONE }, { "in", IN }, { "function", FUNCTION }, { "{", '{' }, { "}", '}' }, { "!", BANG }, { (char *)NULL, 0} }; /* Return the next shell input character. This always reads characters from shell_input_line; when that line is exhausted, it is time to read the next line. This is called by read_token when the shell is processing normal command input. */ static int shell_getc (remove_quoted_newline) int remove_quoted_newline; { int c; QUIT; #if defined (ALIAS) /* If shell_input_line[shell_input_line_index] == 0, but there is something on the pushed list of strings, then we don't want to go off and get another line. We let the code down below handle it. */ if (!shell_input_line || ((!shell_input_line[shell_input_line_index]) && (pushed_string_list == (STRING_SAVER *)NULL))) #else /* !ALIAS */ if (!shell_input_line || !shell_input_line[shell_input_line_index]) #endif /* !ALIAS */ { register int i, l; restart_read_next_line: line_number++; restart_read: /* Allow immediate exit if interrupted during input. */ QUIT; i = 0; shell_input_line_terminator = 0; #if defined (JOB_CONTROL) /* This can cause a problem when reading a command as the result of a trap, when the trap is called from flush_child. This call had better not cause jobs to disappear from the job table in that case, or we will have big trouble. */ notify_and_cleanup (); #else /* !JOB_CONTROL */ cleanup_dead_jobs (); #endif /* !JOB_CONTROL */ #if defined (READLINE) if (interactive && bash_input.type != st_string && no_line_editing) #else if (interactive && bash_input.type != st_string) #endif print_prompt (); if (bash_input.type == st_stream) clearerr (stdin); while (c = yy_getc ()) { /* Allow immediate exit if interrupted during input. */ QUIT; if (i + 2 > shell_input_line_size) shell_input_line = xrealloc (shell_input_line, shell_input_line_size += 256); if (c == EOF) { if (bash_input.type == st_stream) clearerr (stdin); if (!i) shell_input_line_terminator = EOF; shell_input_line[i] = '\0'; break; } shell_input_line[i++] = c; if (c == '\n') { shell_input_line[--i] = '\0'; current_command_line_count++; break; } } shell_input_line_index = 0; shell_input_line_len = i; /* == strlen (shell_input_line) */ #if defined (HISTORY) if (interactive && shell_input_line && shell_input_line[0]) { char *expansions; expansions = pre_process_line (shell_input_line, 1, 1); free (shell_input_line); shell_input_line = expansions; shell_input_line_len = shell_input_line ? strlen (shell_input_line) : 0; if (!shell_input_line_len) current_command_line_count--; /* We have to force the xrealloc below because we don't know the true allocated size of shell_input_line anymore. */ shell_input_line_size = shell_input_line_len; } #endif /* HISTORY */ if (shell_input_line) { /* Lines that signify the end of the shell's input should not be echoed. */ if (echo_input_at_read && (shell_input_line[0] || shell_input_line_terminator != EOF)) fprintf (stderr, "%s\n", shell_input_line); } else { shell_input_line_size = 0; prompt_string_pointer = ¤t_prompt_string; prompt_again (); goto restart_read; } /* Add the newline to the end of this string, iff the string does not already end in an EOF character. */ if (shell_input_line_terminator != EOF) { l = shell_input_line_len; /* was a call to strlen */ if (l + 3 > shell_input_line_size) shell_input_line = xrealloc (shell_input_line, 1 + (shell_input_line_size += 2)); shell_input_line[l] = '\n'; shell_input_line[l + 1] = '\0'; } } c = shell_input_line[shell_input_line_index]; if (c) shell_input_line_index++; if (c == '\\' && remove_quoted_newline && shell_input_line[shell_input_line_index] == '\n') { prompt_again (); goto restart_read_next_line; } #if defined (ALIAS) /* If C is NULL, we have reached the end of the current input string. If pushed_string_list is non-empty, it's time to pop to the previous string because we have fully consumed the result of the last alias expansion. Do it transparently; just return the next character of the string popped to. */ if (!c && (pushed_string_list != (STRING_SAVER *)NULL)) { pop_string (); c = shell_input_line[shell_input_line_index]; if (c) shell_input_line_index++; } #endif /* ALIAS */ if (!c && shell_input_line_terminator == EOF) { if (shell_input_line_index != 0) return ('\n'); else return (EOF); } return ((unsigned char)c); } /* Put C back into the input for the shell. */ static void shell_ungetc (c) int c; { if (shell_input_line && shell_input_line_index) shell_input_line[--shell_input_line_index] = c; } /* Discard input until CHARACTER is seen. */ static void discard_until (character) int character; { int c; while ((c = shell_getc (0)) != EOF && c != character) ; if (c != EOF) shell_ungetc (c); } /* Place to remember the token. We try to keep the buffer at a reasonable size, but it can grow. */ static char *token = (char *)NULL; /* Current size of the token buffer. */ static int token_buffer_size = 0; void execute_prompt_command (command) char *command; { Function *temp_last, *temp_this; char *last_lastarg; int temp_exit_value, temp_eof_encountered; temp_last = last_shell_builtin; temp_this = this_shell_builtin; temp_exit_value = last_command_exit_value; temp_eof_encountered = eof_encountered; last_lastarg = get_string_value ("_"); if (last_lastarg) last_lastarg = savestring (last_lastarg); parse_and_execute (savestring (command), "PROMPT_COMMAND", 0); last_shell_builtin = temp_last; this_shell_builtin = temp_this; last_command_exit_value = temp_exit_value; eof_encountered = temp_eof_encountered; bind_variable ("_", last_lastarg); FREE (last_lastarg); } /* Command to read_token () explaining what we want it to do. */ #define READ 0 #define RESET 1 #define prompt_is_ps1 \ (!prompt_string_pointer || prompt_string_pointer == &ps1_prompt) /* Function for yyparse to call. yylex keeps track of the last two tokens read, and calls read_token. */ yylex () { if (interactive && (!current_token || current_token == '\n')) { /* Before we print a prompt, we might have to check mailboxes. We do this only if it is time to do so. Notice that only here is the mail alarm reset; nothing takes place in check_mail () except the checking of mail. Please don't change this. */ if (prompt_is_ps1 && time_to_check_mail ()) { check_mail (); reset_mail_timer (); } /* Avoid printing a prompt if we're not going to read anything, e.g. after resetting the parser with read_token (RESET). */ if (token_to_read == 0 && interactive) prompt_again (); } token_before_that = last_read_token; last_read_token = current_token; current_token = read_token (READ); return (current_token); } /* Called from shell.c when Control-C is typed at top level. Or by the error rule at top level. */ reset_parser () { read_token (RESET); } /* When non-zero, we have read the required tokens which allow ESAC to be the next one read. */ static int allow_esac_as_next = 0; /* When non-zero, accept single '{' as a token itself. */ static int allow_open_brace = 0; /* DELIMITERS is a stack of the nested delimiters that we have encountered so far. */ static char *delimiters = (char *)NULL; /* Offset into the stack of delimiters. */ int delimiter_depth = 0; /* How many slots are allocated to DELIMITERS. */ static int delimiter_space = 0; void gather_here_documents () { int r = 0; while (need_here_doc) { make_here_document (redir_stack[r++]); need_here_doc--; } } /* Macro for accessing the top delimiter on the stack. Returns the delimiter or zero if none. */ #define current_delimiter() \ (delimiter_depth ? delimiters[delimiter_depth - 1] : 0) #define push_delimiter(character) \ do \ { \ if (delimiter_depth + 2 > delimiter_space) \ delimiters = xrealloc \ (delimiters, (delimiter_space += 10) * sizeof (char)); \ delimiters[delimiter_depth] = character; \ delimiter_depth++; \ } \ while (0) /* When non-zero, an open-brace used to create a group is awaiting a close brace partner. */ static int open_brace_awaiting_satisfaction = 0; #define command_token_position(token) \ (((token) == ASSIGNMENT_WORD) || \ ((token) != SEMI_SEMI && reserved_word_acceptable(token))) #define assignment_acceptable(token) command_token_position(token) && \ (in_case_pattern_list == 0) /* Check to see if TOKEN is a reserved word and return the token value if it is. */ #define CHECK_FOR_RESERVED_WORD(tok) \ do { \ if (!dollar_present && !quoted && \ reserved_word_acceptable (last_read_token)) \ { \ int i; \ for (i = 0; word_token_alist[i].word != (char *)NULL; i++) \ if (STREQ (tok, word_token_alist[i].word)) \ { \ if (in_case_pattern_list && (word_token_alist[i].token != ESAC)) \ break; \ \ if (word_token_alist[i].token == ESAC) \ in_case_pattern_list = 0; \ \ if (word_token_alist[i].token == '{') \ open_brace_awaiting_satisfaction++; \ \ return (word_token_alist[i].token); \ } \ } \ } while (0) /* Read the next token. Command can be READ (normal operation) or RESET (to normalize state). */ static int read_token (command) int command; { int character; /* Current character. */ int peek_char; /* Temporary look-ahead character. */ int result; /* The thing to return. */ WORD_DESC *the_word; /* The value for YYLVAL when a WORD is read. */ if (token_buffer_size < TOKEN_DEFAULT_GROW_SIZE) { FREE (token); token = xmalloc (token_buffer_size = TOKEN_DEFAULT_GROW_SIZE); } if (command == RESET) { delimiter_depth = 0; /* No delimiters found so far. */ open_brace_awaiting_satisfaction = 0; in_case_pattern_list = 0; #if defined (ALIAS) if (pushed_string_list) { free_string_list (); pushed_string_list = (STRING_SAVER *)NULL; } if (expanded_token_stack) { free_expansion_stack (); expanded_token_stack = (EXPANSION_SAVER *)NULL; } expand_next_token = 0; #endif /* ALIAS */ if (shell_input_line) { free (shell_input_line); shell_input_line = (char *)NULL; shell_input_line_size = shell_input_line_index = 0; } last_read_token = '\n'; token_to_read = '\n'; return ('\n'); } if (token_to_read) { int rt = token_to_read; token_to_read = 0; return (rt); } #if defined (ALIAS) /* If we hit read_token () and there are no saved strings on the pushed_string_list, then we are no longer currently expanding a token. This can't be done in pop_stream, because pop_stream may pop the stream before the current token has finished being completely expanded (consider what happens when we alias foo to foo, and then try to expand it). */ if (!pushed_string_list && expanded_token_stack) { free_expansion_stack (); expanded_token_stack = (EXPANSION_SAVER *)NULL; } /* This is a place to jump back to once we have successfully expanded a token with an alias and pushed the string with push_string () */ re_read_token: #endif /* ALIAS */ /* Read a single word from input. Start by skipping blanks. */ while ((character = shell_getc (1)) != EOF && whitespace (character)); if (character == EOF) { EOF_Reached = 1; return (yacc_EOF); } if (character == '#' && (!interactive || interactive_comments)) { /* A comment. Discard until EOL or EOF, and then return a newline. */ discard_until ('\n'); shell_getc (0); /* If we're about to return an unquoted newline, we can go and collect the text of any pending here documents. */ if (need_here_doc) gather_here_documents (); #if defined (ALIAS) expand_next_token = 0; #endif /* ALIAS */ return ('\n'); } if (character == '\n') { /* If we're about to return an unquoted newline, we can go and collect the text of any pending here document. */ if (need_here_doc) gather_here_documents (); #if defined (ALIAS) expand_next_token = 0; #endif /* ALIAS */ return (character); } if (member (character, "()<>;&|")) { #if defined (ALIAS) /* Turn off alias tokenization iff this character sequence would not leave us ready to read a command. */ if (character == '<' || character == '>') expand_next_token = 0; #endif /* ALIAS */ /* Please note that the shell does not allow whitespace to appear in between tokens which are character pairs, such as "<<" or ">>". I believe this is the correct behaviour. */ if (character == (peek_char = shell_getc (1))) { switch (character) { /* If '<' then we could be at "<<" or at "<<-". We have to look ahead one more character. */ case '<': peek_char = shell_getc (1); if (peek_char == '-') return (LESS_LESS_MINUS); else { shell_ungetc (peek_char); return (LESS_LESS); } case '>': return (GREATER_GREATER); case ';': in_case_pattern_list = 1; #if defined (ALIAS) expand_next_token = 0; #endif /* ALIAS */ return (SEMI_SEMI); case '&': return (AND_AND); case '|': return (OR_OR); } } else { if (peek_char == '&') { switch (character) { case '<': return (LESS_AND); case '>': return (GREATER_AND); } } if (character == '<' && peek_char == '>') return (LESS_GREATER); if (character == '>' && peek_char == '|') return (GREATER_BAR); if (peek_char == '>' && character == '&') return (AND_GREATER); } shell_ungetc (peek_char); /* If we look like we are reading the start of a function definition, then let the reader know about it so that we will do the right thing with `{'. */ if (character == ')' && last_read_token == '(' && token_before_that == WORD) { allow_open_brace = 1; #if defined (ALIAS) expand_next_token = 0; #endif /* ALIAS */ } if (in_case_pattern_list && (character == ')')) in_case_pattern_list = 0; #if defined (PROCESS_SUBSTITUTION) /* Check for the constructs which introduce process substitution. Shells running in `posix mode' don't do process substitution. */ if (posixly_correct || (((character == '>' || character == '<') && peek_char == '(') == 0)) #endif /* PROCESS_SUBSTITUTION */ return (character); } /* Hack <&- (close stdin) case. */ if (character == '-') { switch (last_read_token) { case LESS_AND: case GREATER_AND: return (character); } } /* Okay, if we got this far, we have to read a word. Read one, and then check it against the known ones. */ { /* Index into the token that we are building. */ int token_index = 0; /* ALL_DIGITS becomes zero when we see a non-digit. */ int all_digits = digit (character); /* DOLLAR_PRESENT becomes non-zero if we see a `$'. */ int dollar_present = 0; /* QUOTED becomes non-zero if we see one of ("), ('), (`), or (\). */ int quoted = 0; /* Non-zero means to ignore the value of the next character, and just to add it no matter what. */ int pass_next_character = 0; /* Non-zero means parsing a dollar-paren construct. It is the count of un-quoted closes we need to see. */ int dollar_paren_level = 0; /* Non-zero means parsing a dollar-bracket construct ($[...]). It is the count of un-quoted `]' characters we need to see. */ int dollar_bracket_level = 0; /* Non-zero means parsing a `${' construct. It is the count of un-quoted `}' we need to see. */ int dollar_brace_level = 0; /* A level variable for parsing '${ ... }' constructs inside of double quotes. */ int delimited_brace_level = 0; /* A boolean variable denoting whether or not we are currently parsing a double-quoted string embedded in a $( ) or ${ } construct. */ int embedded_quoted_string = 0; /* Another level variable. This one is for dollar_parens inside of double-quotes. */ int delimited_paren_level = 0; /* The current delimiting character. */ int cd; for (;;) { if (character == EOF) goto got_token; if (pass_next_character) { pass_next_character = 0; goto got_character; } cd = current_delimiter (); if (cd && character == '\\' && cd != '\'') { peek_char = shell_getc (0); if (peek_char != '\\') shell_ungetc (peek_char); else { token[token_index++] = character; goto got_character; } } /* Handle backslashes. Quote lots of things when not inside of double-quotes, quote some things inside of double-quotes. */ if (character == '\\' && (!delimiter_depth || cd != '\'')) { peek_char = shell_getc (0); /* Backslash-newline is ignored in all cases excepting when quoted with single quotes. */ if (peek_char == '\n') { character = '\n'; goto next_character; } else { shell_ungetc (peek_char); /* If the next character is to be quoted, do it now. */ if (!cd || cd == '`' || (cd == '"' && member (peek_char, slashify_in_quotes))) { pass_next_character++; quoted = 1; goto got_character; } } } /* This is a hack, in its present form. If a backquote substitution appears within double quotes, everything within the backquotes should be read as part of a single word. Jesus. Now I see why Korn introduced the $() form. */ if (delimiter_depth && (cd == '"') && (character == '`')) { push_delimiter (character); goto got_character; } cd = current_delimiter (); /* XXX - may not need */ if (delimiter_depth) { if (character == cd) { /* If we see a double quote while parsing a double-quoted $( ) or ${ }, and we have not seen ) or }, respectively, note that we are in the middle of reading an embedded quoted string. */ if ((delimited_paren_level || delimited_brace_level) && (character == '"')) { embedded_quoted_string = !embedded_quoted_string; goto got_character; } delimiter_depth--; goto got_character; } } if (cd != '\'') { #if defined (PROCESS_SUBSTITUTION) if (character == '$' || character == '<' || character == '>') #else if (character == '$') #endif /* !PROCESS_SUBSTITUTION */ { /* If we're in the middle of parsing a $( ) or ${ } construct with an embedded quoted string, don't bother looking at this character any further. */ if (embedded_quoted_string) goto got_character; peek_char = shell_getc (1); shell_ungetc (peek_char); if (peek_char == '(') { if (!delimiter_depth) dollar_paren_level++; else delimited_paren_level++; pass_next_character++; goto got_character; } else if (peek_char == '[' && character == '$') { if (!delimiter_depth) dollar_bracket_level++; pass_next_character++; goto got_character; } /* This handles ${...} constructs. */ else if (peek_char == '{' && character == '$') { if (!delimiter_depth) dollar_brace_level++; else delimited_brace_level++; pass_next_character++; goto got_character; } } /* If we are parsing a $() or $[] construct, we need to balance parens and brackets inside the construct. This whole function could use a rewrite. */ if (character == '(' && !embedded_quoted_string) { if (delimiter_depth && delimited_paren_level) delimited_paren_level++; if (!delimiter_depth && dollar_paren_level) dollar_paren_level++; } if (character == '[') { if (!delimiter_depth && dollar_bracket_level) dollar_bracket_level++; } if (character == '{' && !embedded_quoted_string) { if (delimiter_depth && delimited_brace_level) delimited_brace_level++; if (!delimiter_depth && dollar_brace_level) dollar_brace_level++; } /* This code needs to take into account whether we are inside a case statement pattern list, and whether this paren is supposed to terminate it (hey, it could happen). It's not as simple as just using in_case_pattern_list, because we're not parsing anything while we're reading a $( ) construct. Maybe we should move that whole mess into the yacc parser. */ if (character == ')' && !embedded_quoted_string) { if (delimiter_depth && delimited_paren_level) delimited_paren_level--; if (!delimiter_depth && dollar_paren_level) { dollar_paren_level--; goto got_character; } } if (character == ']') { if (!delimiter_depth && dollar_bracket_level) { dollar_bracket_level--; goto got_character; } } if (character == '}' && !embedded_quoted_string) { if (delimiter_depth && delimited_brace_level) delimited_brace_level--; if (!delimiter_depth && dollar_brace_level) { dollar_brace_level--; goto got_character; } } } if (!dollar_paren_level && !dollar_bracket_level && !dollar_brace_level && !delimiter_depth && member (character, " \t\n;&()|<>")) { shell_ungetc (character); goto got_token; } if (!delimiter_depth) { if (character == '"' || character == '`' || character == '\'') { push_delimiter (character); quoted = 1; goto got_character; } } if (all_digits) all_digits = digit (character); if (character == '$') dollar_present = 1; got_character: if (character == CTLESC || character == CTLNUL) token[token_index++] = CTLESC; token[token_index++] = character; if (token_index == (token_buffer_size - 1)) { token_buffer_size += TOKEN_DEFAULT_GROW_SIZE; token = xrealloc (token, token_buffer_size); } next_character: if (character == '\n' && interactive && bash_input.type != st_string) prompt_again (); /* We want to remove quoted newlines (that is, a \ pair) unless we are within single quotes or pass_next_character is set (the shell equivalent of literal-next). */ character = shell_getc ((current_delimiter () != '\'') && (!pass_next_character)); } got_token: token[token_index] = '\0'; if ((delimiter_depth || dollar_paren_level || dollar_bracket_level) && character == EOF) { char reporter = '\0'; if (!delimiter_depth) { if (dollar_paren_level) reporter = ')'; else if (dollar_bracket_level) reporter = ']'; } if (!reporter) reporter = current_delimiter (); report_error ("unexpected EOF while looking for `%c'", reporter); return (-1); } if (all_digits) { /* Check to see what thing we should return. If the last_read_token is a `<', or a `&', or the character which ended this token is a '>' or '<', then, and ONLY then, is this input token a NUMBER. Otherwise, it is just a word, and should be returned as such. */ if (character == '<' || character == '>' || last_read_token == LESS_AND || last_read_token == GREATER_AND) { yylval.number = atoi (token); return (NUMBER); } } /* Handle special case. IN is recognized if the last token was WORD and the token before that was FOR or CASE. */ if ((last_read_token == WORD) && #if defined (SELECT_COMMAND) ((token_before_that == FOR) || (token_before_that == CASE) || (token_before_that == SELECT)) && #else ((token_before_that == FOR) || (token_before_that == CASE)) && #endif (token[0] == 'i' && token[1] == 'n' && !token[2])) { if (token_before_that == CASE) { in_case_pattern_list = 1; allow_esac_as_next++; } return (IN); } /* Ditto for DO in the FOR case. */ #if defined (SELECT_COMMAND) if ((last_read_token == WORD) && ((token_before_that == FOR) || (token_before_that == SELECT)) && #else if ((last_read_token == WORD) && (token_before_that == FOR) && #endif (token[0] == 'd' && token[1] == 'o' && !token[2])) return (DO); /* Ditto for ESAC in the CASE case. Specifically, this handles "case word in esac", which is a legal construct, certainly because someone will pass an empty arg to the case construct, and we don't want it to barf. Of course, we should insist that the case construct has at least one pattern in it, but the designers disagree. */ if (allow_esac_as_next) { allow_esac_as_next--; if (STREQ (token, "esac")) { in_case_pattern_list = 0; return (ESAC); } } /* Ditto for `{' in the FUNCTION case. */ if (allow_open_brace) { allow_open_brace = 0; if (token[0] == '{' && !token[1]) { open_brace_awaiting_satisfaction++; return ('{'); } } if (posixly_correct) CHECK_FOR_RESERVED_WORD (token); #if defined (ALIAS) /* OK, we have a token. Let's try to alias expand it, if (and only if) it's eligible. It is eligible for expansion if the shell is in interactive mode, and the token is unquoted and the last token read was a command separator (or expand_next_token is set), and we are currently processing an alias (pushed_string_list is non-empty) and this token is not the same as the current or any previously processed alias. Special cases that disqualify: In a pattern list in a case statement (in_case_pattern_list). */ if (interactive_shell && !quoted && !in_case_pattern_list && (expand_next_token || command_token_position (last_read_token))) { char *alias_expand_word (), *expanded; if (expanded_token_stack && token_has_been_expanded (token)) goto no_expansion; expanded = alias_expand_word (token); if (expanded) { int len = strlen (expanded), expand_next; /* Erase the current token. */ token_index = 0; expand_next = (expanded[len - 1] == ' ') || (expanded[len - 1] == '\t'); push_string (expanded, expand_next, token); goto re_read_token; } else /* This is an eligible token that does not have an expansion. */ no_expansion: expand_next_token = 0; } else { expand_next_token = 0; } #endif /* ALIAS */ if (!posixly_correct) CHECK_FOR_RESERVED_WORD (token); /* What if we are attempting to satisfy an open-brace grouper? */ if (open_brace_awaiting_satisfaction && token[0] == '}' && !token[1]) { open_brace_awaiting_satisfaction--; return ('}'); } the_word = (WORD_DESC *)xmalloc (sizeof (WORD_DESC)); the_word->word = xmalloc (1 + token_index); strcpy (the_word->word, token); the_word->dollar_present = dollar_present; the_word->quoted = quoted; the_word->assignment = assignment (token); yylval.word = the_word; result = WORD; /* A word is an assignment if it appears at the beginning of a simple command, or after another assignment word. This is context-dependent, so it cannot be handled in the grammar. */ if (assignment_acceptable (last_read_token) && the_word->assignment) result = ASSIGNMENT_WORD; if (last_read_token == FUNCTION) allow_open_brace = 1; } return (result); } /* Return 1 if TOKEN is a token that after being read would allow a reserved word to be seen, else 0. */ static int reserved_word_acceptable (token) int token; { #if 0 if (member (token, "\n;()|&{") || #else if (token == '\n' || token == ';' || token == '(' || token == ')' || token == '|' || token == '&' || token == '{' || #endif token == '}' || /* XXX */ token == AND_AND || token == BANG || token == DO || token == ELIF || token == ELSE || token == FI || token == IF || token == OR_OR || token == SEMI_SEMI || token == THEN || token == UNTIL || token == WHILE || token == DONE || /* XXX these two are experimental */ token == ESAC || token == 0) return (1); else return (0); } /* Return the index of TOKEN in the alist of reserved words, or -1 if TOKEN is not a shell reserved word. */ int find_reserved_word (token) char *token; { int i; for (i = 0; word_token_alist[i].word != (char *)NULL; i++) if (STREQ (token, word_token_alist[i].word)) return i; return -1; } #if defined (READLINE) /* Called after each time readline is called. This insures that whatever the new prompt string is gets propagated to readline's local prompt variable. */ static void reset_readline_prompt () { if (prompt_string_pointer && *prompt_string_pointer) { char *temp_prompt; temp_prompt = decode_prompt_string (*prompt_string_pointer); if (!temp_prompt) temp_prompt = savestring (""); FREE (current_readline_prompt); current_readline_prompt = temp_prompt; } } #endif /* READLINE */ #if defined (HISTORY) /* A list of tokens which can be followed by newlines, but not by semi-colons. When concatenating multiple lines of history, the newline separator for such tokens is replaced with a space. */ static int no_semi_successors[] = { '\n', '{', '(', ')', ';', '&', '|', CASE, DO, ELSE, IF, IN, SEMI_SEMI, THEN, UNTIL, WHILE, AND_AND, OR_OR, 0 }; /* If we are not within a delimited expression, try to be smart about which separators can be semi-colons and which must be newlines. */ char * history_delimiting_chars () { if (!delimiter_depth) { register int i; for (i = 0; no_semi_successors[i]; i++) { if (token_before_that == no_semi_successors[i]) return (" "); } return ("; "); } else return ("\n"); } #endif /* HISTORY */ /* Issue a prompt, or prepare to issue a prompt when the next character is read. */ static void prompt_again () { char *temp_prompt; if (!interactive) /* XXX */ return; ps1_prompt = get_string_value ("PS1"); ps2_prompt = get_string_value ("PS2"); if (!prompt_string_pointer) prompt_string_pointer = &ps1_prompt; if (*prompt_string_pointer) temp_prompt = decode_prompt_string (*prompt_string_pointer); else temp_prompt = savestring (""); current_prompt_string = *prompt_string_pointer; prompt_string_pointer = &ps2_prompt; #if defined (READLINE) if (!no_line_editing) { FREE (current_readline_prompt); current_readline_prompt = temp_prompt; } else #endif /* READLINE */ { FREE (current_decoded_prompt); current_decoded_prompt = temp_prompt; } } static void print_prompt () { fprintf (stderr, "%s", current_decoded_prompt); fflush (stderr); } /* Return a string which will be printed as a prompt. The string may contain special characters which are decoded as follows: \t the time \d the date \n CRLF \s the name of the shell \w the current working directory \W the last element of PWD \u your username \h the hostname \# the command number of this command \! the history number of this command \$ a $ or a # if you are root \ character code in octal \\ a backslash */ #define PROMPT_GROWTH 50 char * decode_prompt_string (string) char *string; { int result_size = PROMPT_GROWTH; int result_index = 0; char *result; int c; char *temp = (char *)NULL; WORD_LIST *list; #if defined (PROMPT_STRING_DECODE) result = xmalloc (PROMPT_GROWTH); result[0] = 0; while (c = *string++) { if (posixly_correct && c == '!') { if (*string == '!') { temp = savestring ("!"); goto add_string; } else { #if !defined (HISTORY) temp = savestring ("1"); #else /* HISTORY */ temp = itos (history_number ()); #endif /* HISTORY */ string--; /* add_string increments string again. */ goto add_string; } } if (c == '\\') { c = *string; switch (c) { case '0': case '1': case '2': case '3': case '4': case '5': case '6': case '7': { char octal_string[4]; int n; strncpy (octal_string, string, 3); octal_string[3] = '\0'; n = read_octal (octal_string); temp = xmalloc (3); if (n == CTLESC || n == CTLNUL) { string += 3; temp[0] = CTLESC; temp[1] = n; temp[2] = '\0'; } else if (n == -1) { temp[0] = '\\'; temp[1] = '\0'; } else { string += 3; temp[0] = n; temp[1] = '\0'; } c = 0; goto add_string; } case 't': case 'd': /* Make the current time/date into a string. */ { time_t the_time = time (0); char *ttemp = ctime (&the_time); temp = savestring (ttemp); if (c == 't') { strcpy (temp, temp + 11); temp[8] = '\0'; } else temp[10] = '\0'; goto add_string; } case 'n': if (!no_line_editing) temp = savestring ("\r\n"); else temp = savestring ("\n"); goto add_string; case 's': { temp = base_pathname (shell_name); temp = savestring (temp); goto add_string; } case 'w': case 'W': { /* Use the value of PWD because it is much more effecient. */ #define EFFICIENT #ifdef EFFICIENT char *polite_directory_format (), t_string[MAXPATHLEN]; temp = get_string_value ("PWD"); if (!temp) getwd (t_string); else strcpy (t_string, temp); #else getwd (t_string); #endif /* EFFICIENT */ if (c == 'W') { char *dir = (char *)strrchr (t_string, '/'); if (dir && dir != t_string) strcpy (t_string, dir + 1); temp = savestring (t_string); } else temp = savestring (polite_directory_format (t_string)); goto add_string; } case 'u': { temp = savestring (current_user.user_name); goto add_string; } case 'h': { char *t_string; temp = savestring (current_host_name); if (t_string = (char *)strchr (temp, '.')) *t_string = '\0'; goto add_string; } case '#': { temp = itos (current_command_number); goto add_string; } case '!': { #if !defined (HISTORY) temp = savestring ("1"); #else /* HISTORY */ temp = itos (history_number ()); #endif /* HISTORY */ goto add_string; } case '$': temp = savestring (geteuid () == 0 ? "#" : "$"); goto add_string; case '[': case ']': temp = xmalloc(3); temp[0] = '\001'; temp[1] = (c == '[') ? RL_PROMPT_START_IGNORE : RL_PROMPT_END_IGNORE; temp[2] = '\0'; goto add_string; case '\\': temp = savestring ("\\"); goto add_string; default: temp = savestring ("\\ "); temp[1] = c; add_string: if (c) string++; result = sub_append_string (temp, result, &result_index, &result_size); temp = (char *)NULL; /* Free ()'ed in sub_append_string (). */ result[result_index] = '\0'; break; } } else { while (3 + result_index > result_size) result = xrealloc (result, result_size += PROMPT_GROWTH); result[result_index++] = c; result[result_index] = '\0'; } } #else /* !PROMPT_STRING_DECODE */ result = savestring (string); #endif /* !PROMPT_STRING_DECODE */ /* Perform variable and parameter expansion and command substitution on the prompt string. */ list = expand_string_unsplit (result, 1); free (result); result = string_list (list); dispose_words (list); return (result); } /* Report a syntax error, and restart the parser. Call here for fatal errors. */ yyerror () { report_syntax_error ((char *)NULL); reset_parser (); } /* Report a syntax error with line numbers, etc. Call here for recoverable errors. If you have a message to print, then place it in MESSAGE, otherwise pass NULL and this will figure out an appropriate message for you. */ static void report_syntax_error (message) char *message; { if (message) { if (!interactive) { char *name = bash_input.name ? bash_input.name : "stdin"; report_error ("%s: line %d: `%s'", name, line_number, message); } else { if (EOF_Reached) EOF_Reached = 0; report_error ("%s", message); } last_command_exit_value = EX_USAGE; return; } if (shell_input_line && *shell_input_line) { char *t = shell_input_line; register int i = shell_input_line_index; int token_end = 0; if (!t[i] && i) i--; while (i && (t[i] == ' ' || t[i] == '\t' || t[i] == '\n')) i--; if (i) token_end = i + 1; while (i && !member (t[i], " \n\t;|&")) i--; while (i != token_end && member (t[i], " \t\n")) i++; if (token_end) { char *error_token; error_token = xmalloc (1 + (token_end - i)); strncpy (error_token, t + i, token_end - i); error_token[token_end - i] = '\0'; report_error ("syntax error near unexpected token `%s'", error_token); free (error_token); } else if ((i == 0) && (token_end == 0)) /* a 1-character token */ { char etoken[2]; etoken[0] = t[i]; etoken[1] = '\0'; report_error ("syntax error near unexpected token `%s'", etoken); } if (!interactive) { char *temp = savestring (shell_input_line); char *name = bash_input.name ? bash_input.name : "stdin"; int l = strlen (temp); while (l && temp[l - 1] == '\n') temp[--l] = '\0'; report_error ("%s: line %d: `%s'", name, line_number, temp); free (temp); } } else { char *name, *msg; if (!interactive) name = bash_input.name ? bash_input.name : "stdin"; if (EOF_Reached) msg = "syntax error: unexpected end of file"; else msg = "syntax error"; if (!interactive) report_error ("%s: line %d: %s", name, line_number, msg); else { /* This file uses EOF_Reached only for error reporting when the shell is interactive. Other mechanisms are used to decide whether or not to exit. */ EOF_Reached = 0; report_error (msg); } } last_command_exit_value = EX_USAGE; } /* ??? Needed function. ??? We have to be able to discard the constructs created during parsing. In the case of error, we want to return allocated objects to the memory pool. In the case of no error, we want to throw away the information about where the allocated objects live. (dispose_command () will actually free the command. */ discard_parser_constructs (error_p) int error_p; { } /* Do that silly `type "bye" to exit' stuff. You know, "ignoreeof". */ /* A flag denoting whether or not ignoreeof is set. */ int ignoreeof = 0; /* The number of times that we have encountered an EOF character without another character intervening. When this gets above the limit, the shell terminates. */ int eof_encountered = 0; /* The limit for eof_encountered. */ int eof_encountered_limit = 10; /* If we have EOF as the only input unit, this user wants to leave the shell. If the shell is not interactive, then just leave. Otherwise, if ignoreeof is set, and we haven't done this the required number of times in a row, print a message. */ static void handle_eof_input_unit () { if (interactive) { /* shell.c may use this to decide whether or not to write out the history, among other things. We use it only for error reporting in this file. */ if (EOF_Reached) EOF_Reached = 0; /* If the user wants to "ignore" eof, then let her do so, kind of. */ if (ignoreeof) { if (eof_encountered < eof_encountered_limit) { fprintf (stderr, "Use \"%s\" to leave the shell.\n", login_shell ? "logout" : "exit"); eof_encountered++; /* Reset the prompt string to be $PS1. */ prompt_string_pointer = (char **)NULL; prompt_again (); last_read_token = current_token = '\n'; return; } } /* In this case EOF should exit the shell. Do it now. */ reset_parser (); exit_builtin ((WORD_LIST *)NULL); } else { /* We don't write history files, etc., for non-interactive shells. */ EOF_Reached = 1; } } bash-1.14.3/y.tab.h 664 436 0 1546 5672707016 12061 0ustar chetwheeltypedef union { WORD_DESC *word; /* the word that we read. */ int number; /* the number that we read. */ WORD_LIST *word_list; COMMAND *command; REDIRECT *redirect; ELEMENT element; PATTERN_LIST *pattern; } YYSTYPE; #define IF 258 #define THEN 259 #define ELSE 260 #define ELIF 261 #define FI 262 #define CASE 263 #define ESAC 264 #define FOR 265 #define SELECT 266 #define WHILE 267 #define UNTIL 268 #define DO 269 #define DONE 270 #define FUNCTION 271 #define IN 272 #define BANG 273 #define WORD 274 #define ASSIGNMENT_WORD 275 #define NUMBER 276 #define AND_AND 277 #define OR_OR 278 #define GREATER_GREATER 279 #define LESS_LESS 280 #define LESS_AND 281 #define GREATER_AND 282 #define SEMI_SEMI 283 #define LESS_LESS_MINUS 284 #define AND_GREATER 285 #define LESS_GREATER 286 #define GREATER_BAR 287 #define yacc_EOF 288 extern YYSTYPE yylval; bash-1.14.3/.distribution 664 436 0 5 5671074456 13324 0ustar chetwheel1.14 bash-1.14.3/.patchlevel 664 436 0 2 5671074471 12726 0ustar chetwheel3
' recho [^a-c]* # Make sure that filenames with embedded globbing characters are handled # properly mkdir a\*b > a\*b/ooo expect '' recho a\*b/* expect '' recho a\*?/* expect '' cmd='echo !7' case "$cmd" in *\\!*) echo match ;; *) echo no match ;; esac expect '' file='r.*' case $file in *.\*) echo not there ;; *) echo there ;; esac # examples from the Posix.2 spec (d11.2, p. 243) expect '' recho a[b]c expect '' recho a["b"]c expect '' recho a[\b]c expect '' recho a?c expect '' case abc in a"b"c) echo match ;; *) echo BAD ;; esac expect '' case abc in a*c) echo match ;; *) echo BAD ;; esac expect '' case abc in "a?c") echo bad ;; *) echo ok ;; esac expect '' case abc in a\*c) echo bad ;; *) echo ok ;; esac expect '' case abc in a\[b]c) echo bad ;; *) echo ok ;; esac expect '' case "$nosuchvar" in "") echo ok ;; *) echo bad ;; esac # This is very odd, but sh and ksh seem to agree expect '' case abc in a["\b"]c) echo ok ;; *) echo bad ;; esac cd / /bin/rm -rf $TESTDIR exit 0 bash-1.14.3/tests/glob.right 664 436 0 1652 5253460751 14012 0ustar chetwheelargv[1] = argv[2] = argv[3] = argv[4] = argv[5] = argv[1] = argv[2] = argv[3] = argv[4] = argv[1] = argv[2] = argv[3] = argv[4] = argv[1] = argv[1] = <*> argv[1] = argv[1] = argv[1] = argv[2] = argv[3] = argv[4] = argv[5] = <*q*> argv[1] = <**> argv[1] = <**> argv[1] = <\.\./*/> argv[1] = argv[1] = argv[1] = argv[2] = argv[3] = argv[4] = argv[5] = argv[1] = argv[2] = argv[3] = argv[4] = argv[5] = argv[6] = argv[7] = argv[8] =