## NAME

           newpad, subpad, prefresh, pnoutrefresh, pechochar - create
           and display curses pads

## SYNOPSIS

           #include <curses.h>

           WINDOW *newpad(int nlines, int ncols);
           WINDOW *subpad(WINDOW *orig, int nlines, int ncols,
                 int begin_y, int begin_x);
           int prefresh(WINDOW *pad, int pminrow, int pmincol,
                 int sminrow, int smincol, int smaxrow, int smaxcol);
           int pnoutrefresh(WINDOW *pad, int pminrow, int pmincol,
                 int sminrow, int smincol, int smaxrow, int smaxcol);
           int pechochar(WINDOW *pad, chtype ch);

## DESCRIPTION

           The newpad routine creates and returns a pointer to a  new
           pad data structure with the given number of lines, nlines,
           and columns, ncols.  A pad is like a window,  except  that
           it is not restricted by the screen size, and is not neces-
           sarily associated with a particular part  of  the  screen.
           Pads can be used when a large window is needed, and only a
           part of the window will be on  the  screen  at  one  time.
           Automatic refreshes of pads (e.g., from scrolling or echo-
           ing of input) do not occur.  It is not legal to call  wre-
           fresh  with a pad as an argument; the routines prefresh or
           pnoutrefresh should be called instead.   Note  that  these
           routines require additional parameters to specify the part
           of the pad to be displayed and the location on the  screen
           to be used for the display.

           The subpad routine creates and returns a pointer to a sub-
           window within a  pad  with  the  given  number  of  lines,
           nlines,  and  columns,  ncols.   Unlike subwin, which uses
           screen coordinates, the window is  at  position  (begin_x,
           begin_y)  on the pad.  The window is made in the middle of
           the window orig, so that changes made to one window affect
           both  windows.   During  the  use of this routine, it will
           often be necessary to call touchwin or touchline  on  orig
           before calling prefresh.

           The  prefresh  and  pnoutrefresh routines are analogous to
           wrefresh and wnoutrefresh except that they relate to  pads
           instead  of windows.  The additional parameters are needed
           to indicate what part of the pad and screen are  involved.
           pminrow  and pmincol specify the upper left-hand corner of
           the rectangle to be displayed in the pad.  sminrow,  smin-
           col, smaxrow, and smaxcol specify the edges of the rectan-
           gle to be displayed on the screen.  The  lower  right-hand
           corner of the rectangle to be displayed in the pad is cal-
           culated from the screen coordinates, since the  rectangles
           must  be  the same size.  Both rectangles must be entirely
           contained within their  respective  structures.   Negative
           values  of  pminrow,  pmincol,  sminrow,  or  smincol  are
           treated as if they were zero.

           The pechochar routine is functionally equivalent to a call
           to  addch  followed by a call to refresh, a call to waddch
           followed by a call to wrefresh, or a call to  waddch  fol-
           lowed  by  a  call  to prefresh. The knowledge that only a
           single character is being output is taken into  considera-
           tion  and, for non-control characters, a considerable per-
           formance gain  might  be  seen  by  using  these  routines
           instead  of  their equivalents.  In the case of pechochar,
           the last location of the pad on the screen is  reused  for
           the arguments to prefresh.

## RETURN VALUE

           Routines  that  return  an integer return ERR upon failure
           and OK (SVr4 only specifies "an integer value  other  than
           ERR") upon successful completion.

           Routines  that  return  pointers return NULL on error, and
           set errno to ENOMEM.

## NOTES

           Note that pechochar may be a macro.

## PORTABILITY

           The XSI Curses standard, Issue  4  describes  these  func-
           tions.

## SEE ALSO

           curses(3x),        curs_refresh(3x),       curs_touch(3x),
           curs_addch(3x).