> # Redundant Links

> To further improve on the topology , each connection between any pair of switches can be replicated; two or more links can be present between a pair of switches. Because switches in the Cisco MDS 9000 Family support PortChanneling, each pair of physical links can appear to the FSPF protocol as one single logical link.

> By bundling pairs of physical links, FSPF efficiency is considerably improved by the reduced database size and the frequency of link updates. Once physical links are aggregated, failures are not attached to a single link but to the entire PortChannel. This configuration also improves the resiliency of the network. The failure of a link in a PortChannel does not trigger a route change, thereby reducing the risks of routing loops, traffic loss, or fabric downtime for route reconfiguration.

> For example, if all links are of equal speed and no PortChannels exist, the FSPF calculates four equal paths from A to C: A1-E-C, A2-E-C, A3-D-C, and A4-D-C. If PortChannels exist, these paths are reduced to two.

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